Multiples & cost of capital $229.07 · 2026-08-21 · marketstack Size & multiples Market Cap (close × cover-page shares) $10.32B Enterprise Value ⓘ $11.03B P/E (TTM) 28.35× PEG (trailing) 1.52× P/S 4.82× P/FCF 17.95× EV/EBITDA ⓘ 13.06× EV/EBIT 17.00× EV/Sales 5.15× EV/FCF 19.17× FCF Yield ⓘ 5.57% Buyback Yield 3.15% Owner Earnings Yield — Shareholder Yield 3.90% Cost of capital & EVAmethodology → Beta (5y monthly) 0.76 Risk-free (assumed) 4.00% Equity risk premium (assumed) 4.23% Cost of Equity — After-tax Cost of Debt 1.33% WACC — ROIC ⓘ — EVA Spread (ROIC−WACC) — EVA ⓘ —
Flows TTM (last 4 quarters); latest annual for: EPS (Diluted) · EPS TTM $8.08 · revenue TTM $2.14B · FCF TTM $575.1M
Cash-flow figures use the latest fiscal year: this filer tags quarterly cash flows year-to-date only and the missing discrete quarters could not be derived (irregular fiscal quarters or a tagging change), so no four consecutive quarters exist to sum. No four consecutive quarters could be summed for EPS (Diluted); these figures use the latest fiscal year, not a trailing twelve months. Some figures named '(TTM)' on this payload are the latest FISCAL YEAR, not a trailing twelve months — eps_ttm (fiscal year ended 2025-12-31). No four consecutive quarters could be summed for them — for an IFRS 20-F filer that is every income-statement line (no quarterly income statement is tagged to EDGAR at all); for a US filer it is usually one line the quarterly tagging skips. Each field's own basis is on field_basis. full derived coverage requires a plan Output of a disclosed model — assumptions may be wrong. Research, not investment advice. See the Disclaimer .
Own-history valuation (point-in-time) 141 monthly snapshots · 2014-12 → 2026-08
P/E (FY) 28.35× sits at the 7th percentile of its own 139-month range (2015-02→2026-08) — own median 80.82×, 15.04×–396.36× range
Own history, not peers · point-in-time, filing-date honest · Multiples above prints 28.35× on trailing-12-month earnings
Full 10Y 5Y 3Y 1Y
sector median from 844 Information Technology names in the same archive Column definitionsⓘ
Today — Latest value — live figure if it matches, else newest snapshot.
Own median — Middle of this name's own months in the window.
Own range — min→max rule, shaded p10–p90, tick median, dot today.
%ile — Where today ranks in its own history.
z — Standard deviations from its own mean.
Sector med. — Same-month sector median in the archive.
mo · distinct — Months · distinct values (the real sample size). Metric Today Own median Own range %ile z Sector med. mo · distinct ▾ P/E (FY) 28.35× 80.82× P/E — own p10–p90 24.58×–199.30×; range 15.04×–396.36×; median 80.82×; today 28.35× · 139 monthly observations 7th −0.97σ 32.13× 139 · 139 ▸ ROE (FY) 27.4% 27.4% ROE — own p10–p90 24.3%–46.3%; range 24.3%–50.7%; median 27.4%; today 27.4% · 127 monthly observations 41st −0.71σ 4.1% 127 · 11 ▸ ROIC (FY) 32.8% 37.6% ROIC — own p10–p90 29.9%–70.3%; range 28.8%–88.9%; median 37.6%; today 32.8% · 127 monthly observations 22nd −0.71σ 4.8% 127 · 11 ▸ Net Margin (FY) 22.1% 20.5% Net Margin — own p10–p90 9.3%–26.7%; range 3.8%–28.5%; median 20.5%; today 22.1% · 139 monthly observations 63rd +0.36σ 1.6% 139 · 12 ▸ 12M Momentum −39.7% 33.3% 12M Momentum — own p10–p90 −35.5%–103.6%; range −55.0%–160.3%; median 33.3%; today −39.7% · 139 monthly observations 2nd −1.51σ 2.4% 139 · 138 ▸ EPS Growth 3Y (FY) 18.6% 33.7% EPS Growth 3Y — own p10–p90 5.4%–167.3%; range 5.4%–167.3%; median 33.7%; today 18.6% · 103 monthly observations 38th −0.59σ 11.5% 103 · 9 ▸ Sales Growth 3Y (FY) 14.3% 24.8% Sales Growth 3Y — own p10–p90 21.3%–42.1%; range 14.3%–42.1%; median 24.8%; today 14.3% · 103 monthly observations 3rd −1.75σ 5.5% 103 · 9 Market Cap $10.32B not reconstructed — market cap was removed from the historical pass (never a ranking factor, and a reconstructed share count carries look-ahead risk). The single stored value is the forward-captured snapshot, not a series.
P/E (FY) · point-in-time monthly 139 monthly observations · 2015-02 → 2026-08
2016 2018 2020 2022 2024 2026 423.06× −11.65× 80.82× Today (live screener basis): 28.35× 2015-02-28 · P/E 289.82× · Information Technology median 27.71× (n=124) 2015-03-31 · P/E 291.45× · Information Technology median 27.05× (n=143) 2015-04-30 · P/E 287.36× · Information Technology median 26.68× (n=143) 2015-05-31 · P/E 316.00× · Information Technology median 27.47× (n=143) 2015-06-30 · P/E 310.45× · Information Technology median 26.95× (n=143) 2015-07-31 · P/E 290.91× · Information Technology median 27.13× (n=143) 2015-08-31 · P/E 350.36× · Information Technology median 24.79× (n=144) 2015-09-30 · P/E 326.45× · Information Technology median 24.24× (n=144) 2015-10-31 · P/E 345.55× · Information Technology median 26.87× (n=144) 2015-11-30 · P/E 396.36× · Information Technology median 26.77× (n=146) 2015-12-31 · P/E 342.09× · Information Technology median 25.10× (n=150) 2016-01-31 · P/E 274.09× · Information Technology median 23.59× (n=149) 2016-02-29 · P/E 88.56× · Information Technology median 23.00× (n=145) 2016-03-31 · P/E 98.89× · Information Technology median 24.91× (n=144) 2016-04-30 · P/E 106.14× · Information Technology median 24.56× (n=144) 2016-05-31 · P/E 112.33× · Information Technology median 23.88× (n=141) 2016-06-30 · P/E 120.03× · Information Technology median 24.51× (n=142) 2016-07-31 · P/E 131.14× · Information Technology median 26.06× (n=142) 2016-08-31 · P/E 142.61× · Information Technology median 27.27× (n=142) 2016-09-30 · P/E 139.25× · Information Technology median 27.58× (n=142) 2016-10-31 · P/E 143.69× · Information Technology median 27.09× (n=141) 2016-11-30 · P/E 124.64× · Information Technology median 27.83× (n=142) 2016-12-31 · P/E 126.36× · Information Technology median 27.43× (n=142) 2017-01-31 · P/E 128.44× · Information Technology median 29.03× (n=142) 2017-02-28 · P/E 45.24× · Information Technology median 29.04× (n=148) 2017-03-31 · P/E 48.33× · Information Technology median 30.35× (n=152) 2017-04-30 · P/E 50.63× · Information Technology median 31.06× (n=153) 2017-05-31 · P/E 54.99× · Information Technology median 32.02× (n=154) 2017-06-30 · P/E 57.49× · Information Technology median 30.49× (n=154) 2017-07-31 · P/E 58.90× · Information Technology median 31.90× (n=154) 2017-08-31 · P/E 62.70× · Information Technology median 30.34× (n=156) 2017-09-30 · P/E 62.99× · Information Technology median 32.33× (n=157) 2017-10-31 · P/E 69.08× · Information Technology median 33.46× (n=158) 2017-11-30 · P/E 68.91× · Information Technology median 33.39× (n=158) 2017-12-31 · P/E 67.50× · Information Technology median 33.66× (n=158) 2018-01-31 · P/E 77.01× · Information Technology median 35.96× (n=159) 2018-02-28 · P/E 47.10× · Information Technology median 32.75× (n=154) 2018-03-31 · P/E 51.14× · Information Technology median 31.01× (n=153) 2018-04-30 · P/E 54.39× · Information Technology median 30.83× (n=154) 2018-05-31 · P/E 50.22× · Information Technology median 31.65× (n=155) 2018-06-30 · P/E 47.06× · Information Technology median 33.00× (n=155) 2018-07-31 · P/E 50.60× · Information Technology median 32.64× (n=155) 2018-08-31 · P/E 73.87× · Information Technology median 34.52× (n=156) 2018-09-30 · P/E 74.00× · Information Technology median 34.21× (n=154) 2018-10-31 · P/E 59.62× · Information Technology median 29.85× (n=154) 2018-11-30 · P/E 63.22× · Information Technology median 31.70× (n=152) 2018-12-31 · P/E 58.31× · Information Technology median 28.38× (n=153) 2019-01-31 · P/E 70.59× · Information Technology median 31.18× (n=153) 2019-02-28 · P/E 77.66× · Information Technology median 30.48× (n=160) 2019-03-31 · P/E 80.82× · Information Technology median 30.43× (n=163) 2019-04-30 · P/E 86.55× · Information Technology median 31.51× (n=161) 2019-05-31 · P/E 90.64× · Information Technology median 28.20× (n=162) 2019-06-30 · P/E 96.89× · Information Technology median 29.08× (n=164) 2019-07-31 · P/E 102.88× · Information Technology median 29.63× (n=164) 2019-08-31 · P/E 106.89× · Information Technology median 30.05× (n=163) 2019-09-30 · P/E 89.53× · Information Technology median 29.35× (n=164) 2019-10-31 · P/E 90.40× · Information Technology median 28.89× (n=164) 2019-11-30 · P/E 118.29× · Information Technology median 29.81× (n=164) 2019-12-31 · P/E 113.15× · Information Technology median 30.65× (n=167) 2020-01-31 · P/E 135.97× · Information Technology median 31.45× (n=168) 2020-02-29 · P/E 91.47× · Information Technology median 29.91× (n=167) 2020-03-31 · P/E 65.38× · Information Technology median 26.24× (n=170) 2020-04-30 · P/E 84.47× · Information Technology median 29.78× (n=171) 2020-05-31 · P/E 96.19× · Information Technology median 31.78× (n=168) 2020-06-30 · P/E 100.24× · Information Technology median 32.50× (n=167) 2020-07-31 · P/E 92.03× · Information Technology median 34.63× (n=167) 2020-08-31 · P/E 96.91× · Information Technology median 34.25× (n=170) 2020-09-30 · P/E 100.74× · Information Technology median 33.32× (n=176) 2020-10-31 · P/E 117.83× · Information Technology median 33.50× (n=177) 2020-11-30 · P/E 134.98× · Information Technology median 38.88× (n=176) 2020-12-31 · P/E 146.36× · Information Technology median 41.99× (n=178) 2021-01-31 · P/E 122.89× · Information Technology median 39.44× (n=179) 2021-02-28 · P/E 152.13× · Information Technology median 39.30× (n=189) 2021-03-31 · P/E 150.43× · Information Technology median 40.28× (n=202) 2021-04-30 · P/E 156.26× · Information Technology median 41.07× (n=202) 2021-05-31 · P/E 133.98× · Information Technology median 41.13× (n=205) 2021-06-30 · P/E 147.75× · Information Technology median 42.68× (n=206) 2021-07-31 · P/E 162.60× · Information Technology median 43.84× (n=206) 2021-08-31 · P/E 198.74× · Information Technology median 44.68× (n=209) 2021-09-30 · P/E 201.52× · Information Technology median 42.34× (n=207) 2021-10-31 · P/E 222.70× · Information Technology median 42.81× (n=207) 2021-11-30 · P/E 177.84× · Information Technology median 41.07× (n=211) 2021-12-31 · P/E 168.78× · Information Technology median 41.86× (n=213) 2022-01-31 · P/E 136.30× · Information Technology median 38.67× (n=215) 2022-02-28 · P/E 100.66× · Information Technology median 30.03× (n=218) 2022-03-31 · P/E 102.78× · Information Technology median 29.16× (n=235) 2022-04-30 · P/E 83.52× · Information Technology median 25.69× (n=234) 2022-05-31 · P/E 84.37× · Information Technology median 26.95× (n=238) 2022-06-30 · P/E 83.12× · Information Technology median 24.50× (n=239) 2022-07-31 · P/E 98.07× · Information Technology median 27.77× (n=239) 2022-08-31 · P/E 104.21× · Information Technology median 26.64× (n=240) 2022-09-30 · P/E 97.92× · Information Technology median 24.18× (n=239) 2022-10-31 · P/E 102.67× · Information Technology median 24.60× (n=243) 2022-11-30 · P/E 100.62× · Information Technology median 27.72× (n=243) 2022-12-31 · P/E 92.08× · Information Technology median 25.24× (n=244) 2023-01-31 · P/E 96.12× · Information Technology median 27.72× (n=243) 2023-02-28 · P/E 59.72× · Information Technology median 26.31× (n=236) 2023-03-31 · P/E 62.81× · Information Technology median 26.65× (n=238) 2023-04-30 · P/E 59.99× · Information Technology median 24.84× (n=237) 2023-05-31 · P/E 57.88× · Information Technology median 27.73× (n=234) 2023-06-30 · P/E 66.37× · Information Technology median 29.03× (n=235) 2023-07-31 · P/E 76.19× · Information Technology median 30.52× (n=235) 2023-08-31 · P/E 60.92× · Information Technology median 30.12× (n=231) 2023-09-30 · P/E 53.57× · Information Technology median 28.31× (n=234) 2023-10-31 · P/E 50.61× · Information Technology median 26.45× (n=232) 2023-11-30 · P/E 37.53× · Information Technology median 28.09× (n=234) 2023-12-31 · P/E 42.71× · Information Technology median 30.23× (n=233) 2024-01-31 · P/E 39.31× · Information Technology median 29.57× (n=232) 2024-02-29 · P/E 31.02× · Information Technology median 33.32× (n=241) 2024-03-31 · P/E 33.85× · Information Technology median 32.82× (n=238) 2024-04-30 · P/E 31.97× · Information Technology median 30.80× (n=239) 2024-05-31 · P/E 24.71× · Information Technology median 31.60× (n=241) 2024-06-30 · P/E 24.33× · Information Technology median 31.41× (n=241) 2024-07-31 · P/E 28.37× · Information Technology median 31.99× (n=241) 2024-08-31 · P/E 27.68× · Information Technology median 31.42× (n=239) 2024-09-30 · P/E 28.33× · Information Technology median 31.46× (n=240) 2024-10-31 · P/E 35.55× · Information Technology median 31.67× (n=242) 2024-11-30 · P/E 39.44× · Information Technology median 34.97× (n=239) 2024-12-31 · P/E 34.86× · Information Technology median 34.50× (n=238) 2025-01-31 · P/E 35.30× · Information Technology median 34.75× (n=236) 2025-02-28 · P/E 24.60× · Information Technology median 33.15× (n=251) 2025-03-31 · P/E 24.49× · Information Technology median 29.89× (n=255) 2025-04-30 · P/E 25.38× · Information Technology median 29.20× (n=253) 2025-05-31 · P/E 29.05× · Information Technology median 32.67× (n=254) 2025-06-30 · P/E 25.94× · Information Technology median 34.45× (n=255) 2025-07-31 · P/E 25.96× · Information Technology median 34.01× (n=255) 2025-08-31 · P/E 25.47× · Information Technology median 35.61× (n=257) 2025-09-30 · P/E 23.33× · Information Technology median 35.97× (n=260) 2025-10-31 · P/E 20.97× · Information Technology median 35.06× (n=260) 2025-11-30 · P/E 18.07× · Information Technology median 33.58× (n=257) 2025-12-31 · P/E 17.87× · Information Technology median 34.62× (n=255) 2026-01-31 · P/E 15.11× · Information Technology median 33.78× (n=256) 2026-02-28 · P/E 15.57× · Information Technology median 31.08× (n=265) 2026-03-31 · P/E 15.04× · Information Technology median 30.46× (n=278) 2026-04-30 · P/E 15.69× · Information Technology median 34.18× (n=280) 2026-05-31 · P/E 17.29× · Information Technology median 34.75× (n=284) 2026-06-30 · P/E 15.55× · Information Technology median 33.66× (n=285) 2026-07-14 · P/E 18.13× · Information Technology median 33.44× (n=380) 2026-08-01 · P/E 19.99× · Information Technology median 32.13× (n=361) shaded = own p10–p90 · dashed = own median · right-edge tick = today
Multiple-implied price ladder · Full today 28.35× · $229.07 (2026-08-21 close)
Filed earnings only.
Own median 80.82× × $8.08 = $653.06 vs the $229.07 close · earnings held constant
Own multiple P/E Implied price vs close 10th percentile 24.58× $198.62 −13.3% 25th percentile 46.15× $372.88 +62.8% median 80.82× $653.06 +185.1% 75th percentile 121.46× $981.40 +328.4% 90th percentile 199.30× $1,610.32 +603.0% today 28.35× $229.07 —
▸ Show the arithmetic for every rowReference computation · 139 monthly P/E observations in Full · EPS basis FY2025 EPS (Diluted) $8.08 · close $229.07 (2026-08-21)ⓘ Not a forecast: each row re-prices today's filed earnings at a multiple this company itself once traded at. It abstains rather than guess on a loss year or a broken per-share basis.
Reconstructed point-in-time · 141 monthly snapshots 2014-12 → 2026-08 · 139 reconstructed, 2 live 2 forward-captured ⓘ Every month uses only what was filed by then, split-adjusted. Delisted names are absent and a trough year can throw one huge reading, so read the median, not the edges.
