Natural Alternatives International Inc NAII US Equity☆

10-K

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naii20200630_10k.htm

FORM 10-K

naii20200630_10k.htm

Table of Contents

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K

ANNUAL REPORT

pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d)

of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED JUNE 30, 2020

000-15701

(Commission file number)

NATURAL ALTERNATIVES INTERNATIONAL, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

(State of incorporation) (IRS Employer Identification No.)

(Address of principal executive offices) (Registrant’s telephone number)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class Name of exchange on which registered

Common Stock, $0.01 par value per share Nasdaq Global Market

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:

Title of Each Class Trading Symbol(s) Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered

Common Stock, $0.01 par value per share NAII Nasdaq Stock Market

Indicate by check mark if Natural Alternatives International, Inc. (NAI) is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act of 1933. ☐ Yes ☒ No

Indicate by check mark if NAI is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. ☐ Yes ☒ No

Indicate by check mark whether NAI (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that NAI was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. ☒ Yes ☐ No

Indicate by check mark whether NAI has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that NAI was required to submit such files). ☒ Yes ☐ No

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of NAI’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether NAI is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer or a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company.

Large accelerated filer ☐ Accelerated filer ☐ Emerging Growth Company ☐

Non-accelerated filer ☐ Smaller reporting company ☒

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If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether NAI is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act): ☐ Yes ☒ No

The aggregate market value of NAI’s common stock held by non-affiliates of NAI as of the last business day of NAI’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter (December 31, 2019) was approximately $56,302,123 (based on the closing sale price of $7.98 reported by Nasdaq on December 31, 2019). For this purpose, the shares subject to an irrevocable proxy in favor of the NAI Board of Directors, and all of the shares held by NAI’s officers, and directors, and their affiliates were assumed to be common stock held by affiliates of NAI.

As of September 18, 2020, 6,521,921 shares of NAI’s common stock were outstanding, net of 2,334,756 treasury shares.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

Part III (Items 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14) of this Form 10-K incorporates by reference portions of NAI’s definitive proxy statement, to be filed on or before October 28, 2020, for its Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be held December 4, 2020.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

SPECIAL NOTE ABOUT FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS 1

PART I

Item 1. Business 2

Item 1A. Risk Factors 9

Item 2. Properties 16

Item 3. Legal Proceedings 16

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures 16

PART II

Item 6. Selected Financial Data 18

Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk 23

Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data 24

Item 9A. Controls and Procedures 47

Item 9B. Other Information 47

PART III

Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance 48

Item 11. Executive Compensation 48

Item 14. Principal Accountant Fees and Services 48

PART IV

Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules 48

SIGNATURES 51

(i)

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SPECIAL NOTE ABOUT FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

Certain statements in this report, including information incorporated by reference, are “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, and the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements reflect current views about future events and financial performance based on certain assumptions. They include opinions, forecasts, intentions, plans, goals, projections, guidance, expectations, beliefs, or other statements that are not statements of historical fact. Words such as “may,” “will,” “should,” “could,” “would,” “expects,” “plans,” “believes,” “anticipates,” “intends,” “estimates,” “approximates,” “predicts,” “forecasts,” or “projects,” or the negative or other variation of such words, and similar expressions may identify a statement as a forward-looking statement. Any statements that refer to projections of our future financial performance, our anticipated growth and trends in our business, our goals, strategies, focus and plans, and other characterizations of future events or circumstances, including statements expressing general optimism or pessimism about future operating results, are forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements in this report may include statements about:

• our ability to protect our intellectual property;

• the future adequacy and intended use of our facilities;

• future customer orders;

• the adequacy of our financial reserves and allowances;

The forward-looking statements in this report speak only as of the date of this report and caution should be taken not to place undue reliance on any such forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements are subject to certain events, risks, and uncertainties that are or may be outside of our control. When considering forward-looking statements, you should carefully review the risks, uncertainties and other cautionary statements in this report as they identify certain important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed in or implied by the forward-looking statements. These factors include, among others, the risks described under Item 1A of Part I and elsewhere in this report, as well as in other reports and documents we file with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC).

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PART I

ITEM 1. BUSINESS

General

Our vision is to enrich the world through the best of nutrition.

We are a leading formulator, manufacturer and marketer of nutritional supplements. Our comprehensive strategic partnerships with our customers allow us to offer a wide range of innovative nutritional products and services to such customers including: scientific research, clinical studies, proprietary ingredients, customer-specific nutritional product formulation, product testing and evaluation, marketing management and support, packaging and delivery system design, regulatory review, and international product registration assistance.

As our primary business activity, we provide private-label contract manufacturing services to companies that market and distribute vitamins, minerals, herbal and other nutritional supplements, as well as other health care products, to consumers both within and outside the U.S. We also own a patent estate related to the raw material ingredient known as beta-alanine, which is primarily commercialized through the direct sale of this raw material and supply agreements with third parties for the distribution and use of this raw material under our CarnoSyn® and SR CarnoSyn® trademarks.

History

Originally founded in 1980, Natural Alternatives International, Inc. (NAI) reorganized as a Delaware corporation in 1989. Our principal executive offices are located at 1535 Faraday Ave, Carlsbad, CA 92008. Our U.S. manufacturing facility is located approximately three miles away in Vista, California.

In January 1999, we formed Natural Alternatives International Europe S.A. (NAIE), a Swiss corporation, and our wholly-owned subsidiary, based in Manno, Switzerland. In September 1999, NAIE opened its manufacturing facility in Manno, Switzerland, which has grown over the ensuing years and currently possesses manufacturing capabilities in encapsulation, powders, tablets, finished goods packaging, quality control, laboratory testing, warehousing, and distribution and administration.

In 1997, we obtained certain patent rights related to instant-release beta-alanine and have since expanded this patent estate to include sustained-release beta-alanine. We sell these products under our trademarks CarnoSyn® and SR CarnoSyn®. As part of our business strategy, we have sought to commercialize our CarnoSyn® patent estate through contract manufacturing and royalty and license agreements. We directly sell beta-alanine and license our related patent and trademark rights to others for use in or with their products.

Unless the context requires otherwise, all references in this report to the “Company,” “NAI,” “we,” “our,” and “us” refer to Natural Alternatives International, Inc. and, other than “NAI” and as applicable, to NAIE.

Overview of our Facilities and Operations

Our U.S.-based operations are located in Vista and Carlsbad, California and include manufacturing and distribution, sales and marketing, in-house formulation, laboratory, and other research and development services. Our U.S. manufacturing facilities were recertified on November 8, 2016 by the Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA) of Australia after its audit of our GMP’s. TGA evaluates new therapeutic products, prepares standards, develops testing methods and conducts testing programs to ensure that products are high in quality, safe and effective. TGA also conducts a range of assessment and monitoring activities including audits of the manufacturing practices of companies who export and sell products to Australia. TGA certification enables us to manufacture products for export into countries that have signed the Pharmaceutical Inspection Convention, which include most European countries as well as several Pacific Rim countries. TGA certifications are generally reviewed every eighteen to thirty six months. During August 2016, TGA completed an inspection of our facilities and quality systems for compliance with good manufacturing practices, and a renewed GMP clearance was issued to NAI that would have expired on August 3, 2020. However, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, TGA overseas GMP inspections have been suspended and as a result, at this time, NAI has been issued a 6-month extension of its current GMP clearance certificate.

Our California facilities also have been awarded GMP registration annually since October 2002 by NSF International (NSF) through the NSF Dietary Supplements Certification Program and received “GMP for Sport” NSF Certified registration on February 16, 2009. GMP requirements are regulatory standards and guidelines setting forth necessary processes, procedures and documentation for manufacturers in an effort to assure the products produced by that manufacturer have the identity, strength, composition, quality and purity represented. The NSF Certified for Sport program focuses on minimizing the risk that a dietary supplement or sports nutrition product contains banned substances and was developed due to growing demand from athletes and coaches concerned about banned substances in sports supplements. The program focuses primarily on manufacturing and sourcing processes, while embedding preventative measures throughout. NAI’s participation in the program allows us to produce products bearing the NSF Sport logo.

Our U.S. operations have also been certified by Health Canada as compliant with the GMP requirements outlined in Part 3 of the Canadian Natural Health Products Regulations. Health Canada is the department of the Canadian government with responsibility for national public health. Health Canada has initiated work to modernize its regulatory system for food and health products. Health Canada plays an active role in ensuring access to safe and effective drugs and health products while giving high priority to public safety and strives to provide information needed to make good choices and informed decisions regarding one’s health. NAI was issued its initial certification by Health Canada in December 2011 and received its most recent renewal in November 2019, which is valid until December 2022. This approval demonstrates another level of regulatory compliance by NAI, and may also ease the approval process for our customers who import products into Canada.

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During March 2015, our Vista California facility became certified as an Organic Processor and Handler by Natural Food Certifiers (NFC). This certification demonstrates our facility meets the USDA National Organic Program standards and allows our contract manufacturing and packaging services to include products labeled as Organic. The certification requires annual renewal and was last renewed in November 2019. We are registered with the State of California, Department of Public Health Food and Drug Branch as an organic processor. Additionally, we are certified by various Rabbinical and Halal authorities to produce Kosher and Halal certified products. These certifications guarantee the manufacturing facility and processes for, and the ingredients of, certified products have been reviewed and found to be in compliance with the strict dietary laws of the respective Jewish and Muslim communities.

NAIE operates a manufacturing, warehousing, packaging and distribution facility in Manno, Switzerland. In January 2004, NAIE obtained a pharmaceutical license from the Swissmedic Authority of Bern, Switzerland to process pharmaceuticals for packaging, import, export and sale within Switzerland and other countries. In March 2007, following the expansion of NAIE’s manufacturing facilities to include powder filling capabilities, NAIE obtained an additional pharmaceutical license from the Swissmedic Authority certifying that NAIE’s expanded facilities conform to their GMPs. In January 2013, following the additional upgrade of NAIE’s manufacturing facilities to include the manufacture of pharmaceuticals, NAIE obtained an additional pharmaceutical approval from the Swissmedic Authority certifying that NAIE’s upgraded facilities conform to GMP. We believe these licenses and NAIE’s manufacturing capabilities help strengthen our relationships with existing customers and improve our ability to develop relationships with new customers. NAIE's last Swissmedic inspection was conducted in August 2020 and we expect the renewed certification to be issued in the second quarter of fiscal 2021.

In March 2019, the Japanese Minister of Health, Labor, and Welfare approved beta-alanine for use in Japanese food products. We have partnered with Shimizu Chemical Corporation of Hiroshima Japan to provide exclusive distribution of our CarnoSyn® and SR CarnoSyn® beta-alanine in Japan.

Business Strategy

Our goals are to achieve long-term growth and profitability and to diversify our sales base. To accomplish these goals, we have sought, and intend to continue to seek, to do the following:

Overall, we believe there is an opportunity to enhance consumer confidence in the quality of our customer’s nutritional supplements and their adherence to label claims through education provided by direct sales and direct-to-consumer marketing programs. We believe our GMP and TGA certified manufacturing operations, science based product formulations, peer-reviewed clinical studies and regulatory expertise collectively provide us with a sustainable competitive advantage and provide our customers with a high degree of confidence in the products we manufacture.

While today’s consumer may have access to a variety of information, we believe many consumers remain uneducated about nutrition and nutritional supplementation, uncertain about the relevance or reliability of the information available to them, or confused about conflicting claims or information. We believe this state of the market creates a significant opportunity for the direct sales marketing channel. The direct sales marketing channel has proved, and we believe will continue to prove, to be a highly effective method for marketing high-quality nutritional supplements because it allows associates or other individuals to educate consumers on the benefits of science-based nutritional supplements. Our largest customers operate in the direct sales marketing channel. Thus, the majority of our business has relied primarily on the effectiveness of our customers in this marketing channel.

We also believe there is significant opportunity with the commercialization of our patent estate through the introduction of CarnoSyn® and SR CarnoSyn® beta-alanine into additional markets and with the introduction of new beta-alanine product offerings. Currently, a majority of our sales of CarnoSyn® are to companies that operate in the sports nutrition channel and are focused on products containing the instant release form of beta-alanine. We believe there are several other markets and distribution channels that represent growth opportunities for the distribution of CarnoSyn® and SR CarnoSyn® beta-alanine. We believe SR CarnoSyn® is a superior delivery system of CarnoSyn® beta-alanine based on its sustained release profile that allows for increased daily dosing and improved muscle retention of carnosine. We believe SR CarnoSyn® beta-alanine is a vital component in the further commercialization of our patent estate outside of the sports nutrition channel. Our patents related to instant release beta-alanine extend through 2026 while our patents for SR CarnoSyn® extend through 2027.

We believe our comprehensive approach to customer service is unique within our industry. We believe this comprehensive approach, together with our commitment to high quality, product development and manufacturing capabilities, will provide the means to implement our strategies and achieve our goals. There can be no assurance, however, that we will successfully implement any of our business strategies or that we will increase or diversify our sales, successfully commercialize our patent estate, or improve our overall financial results.

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Products, Principal Markets and Methods of Distribution

Our primary business activity is to provide private-label contract manufacturing services to companies that market and distribute vitamins, minerals, herbs, and other nutritional supplements, as well as other health care products, to consumers both within and outside the U.S. Our private-label contract manufacturing customers include companies that market nutritional supplements through direct sales marketing channels, direct to consumer ecommerce channels, and retail stores. We manufacture products in a variety of forms, including capsules, tablets, chewable wafers, and powders to accommodate a variety of our customer’s preferences.

We provide strategic partnering services to our private-label contract manufacturing customers that include but are not limited to the following:

• customized product formulation;

• clinical studies;

• manufacturing;

• marketing support;

• international regulatory and label law compliance;

• international product registration; and

• packaging in multiple formats and labeling design.

We also seek to commercialize our patent and trademarks through the direct distribution and sale of CarnoSyn® and SR CarnoSyn®, new contract manufacturing opportunities, and various license and similar arrangements.

For the last two fiscal years ended June 30, our net sales were derived from the following (in thousands):

$ % $ %

Research and Development

We are committed to quality research and development. We focus on the development of new science-based products and the improvement of existing products. We periodically test and validate our products to help ensure their stability, potency, efficacy and safety. We maintain quality control procedures to verify that our products comply with applicable specifications and standards established by the FDA and other regulatory agencies. We also both direct and participate in clinical research studies, often in collaboration with scientists and research institutions, to validate the benefits of an ingredient or a product and provide scientific support for product claims and marketing initiatives. We believe our commitment to research and development, as well as to our facilities and strategic alliances with our suppliers and customers, allow us to effectively identify, develop and market high-quality and innovative products.

As part of the services we provide to our private-label contract manufacturing customers, we may perform, but are not required to perform, certain research and development activities related to the development or improvement of their products. While our customers often do not pay directly for this service, the cost of this service is often included as a component of the price we charge to manufacture and deliver their products. Research and development costs, including costs associated with international regulatory compliance services we provide to our customers, are expensed as incurred.

Our research and development expenses for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2020 remained consistent at $1.8 million, compared to the same amount for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2019.

Sources and Availability of Raw Materials

We use many raw materials in our operations including powders, excipients, empty capsules, and components for packaging and distributing our finished products. In addition, the commercialization of our beta-alanine patents and trademarks depends on the availability of the raw material beta-alanine. We conduct identity testing for all raw materials we purchase and, on a predetermined testing protocol basis, we evaluate raw materials to ensure their quality, purity and potency before we use them in our products. We typically buy raw materials in bulk from qualified vendors located both within and outside the U.S.

Our contract manufacturing business did not experience any significant shortages or difficulties obtaining adequate supplies of raw materials during fiscal 2020. However, due to COVID-19 there continues to be significant pricing pressures and supply chain challenges associated with various raw materials and packaging components. Additionally, there still remains uncertainty related to existing and potentially increased tariffs. Throughout fiscal 2021, we expect upward pricing pressures for raw materials, packaging components, and other costs will continue as a result of limited supplies of various ingredients, the effects of higher labor and transportation costs, and the potential levy of tariffs on goods we import from overseas, including beta-alanine.

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Customers

We have two private-label contract manufacturing customers that each individually represent more than 10% of our consolidated net sales. The loss of either of these customers could result in a significant negative impact to our financial position and results of operations. We continue to focus on obtaining new private-label contract manufacturing customers to reduce the risks associated with deriving a significant portion of our sales from a limited number of customers.

Competition

We compete with other manufacturers, distributors and marketers of vitamins, minerals, plant extracts, and other nutritional supplements both within and outside the U.S. The nutritional supplement industry is highly fragmented and competition for the sale of nutritional supplements comes from many sources. These products are sold primarily through retailers (drug store chains, supermarkets, and mass market discount retailers), health and natural food stores, and direct sales channels (network marketing and internet sales).

We believe private-label contract manufacturing competition in our industry is based on, among other things, customized services offered, product quality and safety, innovation, price and customer service. We believe we compete favorably with other companies because of our ability to provide comprehensive solutions for customers, our certified manufacturing operations, our commitment to quality and safety, and our research and development activities.

Our future competitive position for private-label contract manufacturing and patent and trademark licensing will likely depend on, but not be limited to, the following:

• the continued acceptance of our products by our customers and consumers;

• our ability to attract and retain qualified personnel;

• the continued growth of the global nutrition industry; and

The nutritional supplement industry is highly competitive and we expect the level of competition to remain high over the near term. We do not have sufficient information to accurately estimate the total number or size of our competitors. The nutritional supplement industry has undergone consolidation in the recent past and we expect that trend may continue in the near term.

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Government Regulation

Our business is subject to varying degrees of regulation by a number of government authorities in the U.S., including the FDA, the Federal Trade Commission (FTC), the Consumer Product Safety Commission, the U.S. Department of Agriculture, and the Environmental Protection Agency. Various state and local agencies in areas where we operate and in which our products are sold also regulate our business, such as the California Department of Health Services, Food and Drug Branch. The areas of our business regulated by both these and other authorities include, among others:

• product claims and advertising;

• product labels;

• product ingredients;

The FDA, in particular, regulates the formulation, manufacturing, packaging, storage, labeling, promotion, distribution and sale of vitamins and other nutritional supplements in the U.S., while the FTC regulates marketing and advertising claims. In August 2007, a rule issued by the FDA went into effect requiring companies that manufacture, package, label, distribute or hold nutritional supplements to meet certain GMP’s to ensure such products are of the quality specified and are properly packaged and labeled. We are committed to meeting or exceeding the standards set by the FDA and believe we are currently operating within the FDA mandated GMP.

The FDA also regulates the labeling and marketing of dietary supplements and nutritional products, including the following:

The Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act of 1994 (DSHEA) revised the provisions of the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act concerning the composition and labeling of dietary supplements and re-defined dietary supplements to include vitamins, minerals, herbs, amino acids and other dietary substances. DSHEA generally provides a regulatory framework to help ensure safe, quality dietary supplements and the dissemination of accurate information about such products. The FDA is generally prohibited from regulating active ingredients in dietary supplements as drugs unless product claims about such supplements trigger regulatory status, such as claims that a product may heal, mitigate, cure or prevent an illness, disease or malady.

In December 2006, the Dietary Supplement and Nonprescription Drug Consumer Protection Act (the "2006 Act") was passed, and further revised the provisions of the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act. Under the 2006 Act, manufacturers, packers or distributors whose name appears on the product label of a dietary supplement or nonprescription drug are required to include contact information on the product label for consumers to use in reporting adverse events associated with the product’s use and to notify the FDA of any serious adverse event report. Events reported to the FDA are not considered an admission from a company that its product caused or contributed to the reported event. We believe we are in compliance with the 2006 Act and we are committed to meeting or exceeding the requirements of the 2006 Act.

We are also subject to a variety of other regulations in the U.S., including those relating to health, safety, bioterrorism, taxes, labor, employment, import and export, the environment and intellectual property. All of these regulations require significant financial and operational resources to ensure compliance, and we cannot assure you we will always be in compliance despite our best efforts to do so or that being in compliance will not become prohibitively costly to our business.

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Our operations outside the U.S. are similarly regulated by various agencies and entities in the countries in which we operate and in which our products are sold. The regulations of these countries may conflict with those in the U.S. and may vary from country to country. The sale of our products in certain European countries is subject to the rules and regulations of the European Union, which may be interpreted differently among the countries within the European Union. In other markets outside the U.S., we may be required to obtain approvals, licenses or certifications from a country’s Ministry of Health or comparable agency before we begin operations or the marketing of products in that country. Approvals or licenses may be conditioned on reformulation of our products for a particular market or may be unavailable for certain products or product ingredients. These regulations may limit our ability to enter, or continue to operate in, certain markets outside the U.S. As with the costs of regulatory compliance in the U.S., foreign regulations require significant financial and operational resources to ensure compliance, and we cannot assure you we will always be in compliance despite our best efforts to do so or that being in compliance will not become prohibitively costly to our business. Our failure to maintain regulatory compliance within and outside the U.S. could impact our ability to sell our products and thus, adversely impact our financial position and results of operations.

Intellectual Property

Trademarks. We have developed and use trademarks in our business, particularly relating to corporate, brand and product names. We own 48 trademark registrations; including ten registrations in the U.S. Six of these U.S. registrations are incontestable. Federal registration of a trademark in the United States affords the owner nationwide exclusive trademark rights in the registered mark and the ability to prevent subsequent users from using the same or similar mark. However, to the extent any other business operator has acquired trademark rights in a mark by its consistent use of such mark in connection with similar goods or services in a particular geographic area, the nationwide rights conferred by federal registration can be subject to that user’s prior established non-statutory (“Common Law”) rights in that geographic area. In addition, rights in a registered mark are dependent upon the continued use of the mark in connection with the goods and/or services set forth in the registration.

We have 37 foreign trademark registrations covering 41 countries including registrations for CarnoSyn and SR CarnoSyn in Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, Cuba, the European Union Intellectual Property Office, Hong Kong, Israel, Japan, Mexico, New Zealand, Poland, and South Korea. Registrations have also been obtained for CarnoSyn® and the SR CarnoSyn® logos in Switzerland and for CarnoSyn SR® in Australia and the European Union. We currently have six U.S. trademark applications pending and three International applications pending. We also claim common law ownership and protection of certain unregistered trademarks and service marks based upon our continued use of the marks under common law. In some countries, such as the United States, Common Law offers protection of a mark within the particular geographic area in which it is continually and deliberately used.

We believe our registered and unregistered trademarks constitute valuable assets, adding to the recognition of our products and services in the marketplace. These and other proprietary rights have been and will continue to be important in enabling us to compete; however, we cannot assure you that our current or future trademark applications will be granted or our current trademarks or registrations will be maintained.

Trade Secrets. We own certain intellectual property, including trade secrets, which we seek to protect, in part, through confidentiality agreements with employees and other parties. We regard our proprietary technology, trade secrets, trademarks and similar intellectual property as critical to our success, and we rely on a combination of trade secrets, contract, patent, copyright and trademark law (including established but non-statutory law) to establish and protect the rights in our products and technology. The laws of certain foreign countries may not protect our intellectual property rights to the same extent as the laws of the U.S.

Patents and Patent Licenses. We currently own nine U.S. patents and eighteen corresponding patents registered in countries throughout North America, Europe and Asia.We also have pending applications in several countries. All of these patents and patent rights relate to the ingredient known as beta-alanine. Certain of these patents were assigned to NAI and we make certain ongoing royalty payments to the prior owners of the patents. The royalty payments and licenses are expected to continue until the expiration of the patents. We also sell beta-alanine, and license our patent and trademark rights related to beta-alanine. These patents extend through 2027.

Licensing, royalties, raw material sales, and revenues we have received associated with the sale and licensing of beta-alanine under the CarnoSyn® and SR CarnoSyn® trade names were primarily related to the direct sale of the raw material beta-alanine and totaled $12.6 million in fiscal 2020. We incurred intellectual property litigation and patent compliance expenses of approximately $2.0 million during fiscal 2020 primarily in connection with our efforts to procure and protect our proprietary rights and patent estate. We expect to continue to incur these types of litigation and compliance expenses during fiscal 2021.

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Employees

As of June 30, 2020, we employed 175 full-time employees in the U.S., three of whom held executive management positions. Of the remaining full-time employees, 40 were employed in research, laboratory and quality control, 15 in sales and marketing, and 117 in manufacturing and administration. From time to time we use temporary personnel to help us meet shorter-term operating requirements. These positions typically are in manufacturing and manufacturing support. As of June 30, 2020, we had nine temporary personnel.

As of June 30, 2020, NAIE employed an additional 87 full-time employees and 54 temporary employees. Most of these positions were in the areas of manufacturing and manufacturing support.

In response to COVID-19, the state of California has taken measures intended to expand the availability of workers’ compensation or to change the presumptions applicable to workers compensation measures. These actions may increase our exposure to workers’ compensation claims and increase our cost of insurance. Additionally, the federal Families First Coronavirus Response Act (the “FFCRA”) expanded paid sick and family medical leave for employees affected by COVID-19. The FFCRA covers the cost of this paid leave with refundable tax credits. While we have yet to experience significant labor shortages due to COVID-19, there is no guarantee that we will be able to maintain or secure sufficient labor to continue manufacturing operations at needed levels.

Our employees are not represented by a collective bargaining agreement and we have not experienced any work stoppages as a result of labor disputes. We believe our relationship with our employees is good, but we cannot assure this will continue in the future.

Seasonality

In addition to general economic factors, we are impacted by seasonal factors and trends, such as major cultural events and vacation patterns. We manufacture and sell products to customers that operate in many different countries throughout the world and these seasonal factors vary by region. Although we believe the impact of seasonality on our consolidated results of operations is minimal, our quarterly results may vary significantly in the future due to the timing of private-label contract manufacturing and CarnoSyn® and SR CarnoSyn® beta-alanine raw material orders. We cannot provide assurances future revenue trends will follow historical patterns. The market price of our common stock may be adversely affected by these seasonal factors.

Financial Information about Our Business Segments and Geographic Areas

Our operations are comprised of two reportable segments:

Our private-label contract manufacturing products are sold both in the U.S. and in markets outside the U.S., including Europe, Australia, Asia and Canada. Our primary markets outside the U.S. are Europe and Asia. Our patent and trademark licensing activities are primarily based in the U.S.

For additional financial information, including financial information about our business segment and geographic areas, please see the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements included under Item 8 of this report.

Our activities in markets outside the U.S. are subject to political, economic and other risks in the countries in which our products are sold and in which we operate. For more information about these and other risks, please see Item 1A in this report.

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ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

When evaluating our business and future prospects, you should carefully review and consider the risks described below in conjunction with other information in this report and in other reports and documents we file with the SEC. The risks and uncertainties described below are not the only ones we face. Additional material risks and uncertainties, not presently known to us, or that we currently see as immaterial, may also occur or become material. If any of the following risks or any additional risks and uncertainties actually occur or become material, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be seriously harmed. In that event, the market price of our common stock could decline and our stockholders could lose all or a portion of the value of their investment in our common stock.

The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted worldwide economic conditions and could have a material adverse effect on our operations and business.

While our facilities have been able to continue to operate, the global COVID-19 pandemic has caused disruptions in supply chains, affecting production and sales across a range of industries. While the disruptions are currently expected to be temporary, there is considerable uncertainty around the duration and the impact of these disruptions.

The extent of the impact of COVID-19 on our operational and financial performance will depend on the on-going and future impact on our customers, vendors, and availability of labor as well as the potential impact of future expanded local, state, or federal restrictions – all of which are uncertain and are difficult to predict.

Out of an abundance of caution with regard to the COVID-19 pandemic and to increase our liquidity in response to the unknown risk from the pandemic, its potential to have a material negative impact on our business and as a preventative measure to provide our business with the potentially needed additional liquidity resulting from such negative impact, we withdrew $10 million from our credit facility with Wells Fargo in the third quarter of fiscal 2020. While we are unable to determine or predict the nature, duration, or scope of the overall impact the COVID-19 pandemic will have on our business, results of operations, liquidity or capital resources, we believe we will be able to remain operational and our working capital will be sufficient for us to do so. However, there can be no assurance we will be able to obtain additional working capital in the amounts or in the timing that may become necessary, which could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.

Because we derive a significant portion of our revenues from a limited number of customers, our revenues would be adversely affected by the loss of a major customer or a significant change in their business, personnel or the timing or amount of their orders.

We have in the past and expect to continue to derive a significant portion of our revenues from a relatively limited number of customers. During the fiscal year ended June 30, 2020, sales to our largest customer, The Juice Plus+ Company, were approximately 44% of our consolidated net sales. During fiscal 2020, sales to Juice Plus+ declined 23% primarily as a result of reduced customer demand, and we cannot predict if sales to Juice Plus+ will increase or decrease in the future. We also have one other private-label contract manufacturing customer that represented 21% of our consolidated net sales during that same time period. During fiscal 2020 we terminated our ongoing relationship with one private-label contract manufacturing customer who in some recent times had been greater than 10% of our consolidated net sales. Due to uncertainty regarding the future operations of this former customer we recorded a $4.3 million accounts receivable and inventory reserve during fiscal 2020. Sales to this discontinued customer were $7.0 million in fiscal 2020 and there is no assurance we will replace those sales.

Although no other customers represented more than 10% of our consolidated net sales, the loss of one of our largest customers, or other major customers, a significant decline in sales to any of our largest customers, a significant change in their business model or personnel, or in their ability to make payments when due, could materially and adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations. The timing of our customers’ orders is impacted by, among other factors, their marketing programs, their customer demand, seasonality, their raw material suppliers we are sometimes required to use, their supply chain management, their entry into new markets and their new product introductions, all of which are outside of our control. All of these attributes have had and are expected to have a significant impact on our business in the future.

Our future growth and stability depends, in part, on our ability to diversify our sales. Our efforts to establish new sales from both existing customers and new customers could require significant initial investments, which may or may not result in higher overall sales and improved financial results.

Our business strategy depends in large part on our ability to develop new product sales from both current and new customer relationships. These activities often require a significant up-front investment including, among others, customized formulations, compliance with a different regulatory schemes, product registrations, package design, product testing, pilot production runs, and the build-up of initial inventory. We may experience significant delays from the time we increase our operating expenses and make investments in inventory (and incur additional related carrying costs) until the time we generate net sales from new products or customers, and it is possible after incurring such expenditures we may not generate material revenue from new products or customers. If we incur significant expenses and investments in inventory that we are not able to recover, and we are not able to compensate for those expenses, our operating results would be adversely affected.

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We currently derive significant revenues and income from sales of beta-alanine and from licensing our patents. Our ability to maintain or grow our sales of beta-alanine and license revenue from our other patents is contingent on our ability to continue to defend our patents, and commercialize the sale of beta-alanine under our instant release CarnoSyn® patents and trademark and our sustained release CarnoSyn® patents and trademark.

We own multiple patents and trademarks related to the use of beta-alanine in food and nutritional supplements. A majority of our revenue and income from this segment is currently derived from activity related to licensing our patents associated with instant release beta-alanine, sold under our trade name CarnoSyn®. Fifteen patents related to CarnoSyn® expired in August 2017 and we have six remaining patents for this version of CarnoSyn®, of which the latest expires in 2026. Our patent and trademark licensing revenue decreased from $16.7 million in fiscal 2019 to $12.6 million in fiscal 2020 in part due to certain of our customers discontinuing the use of our CarnoSyn® beta-alanine in favor of generic beta-alanine. There is no assurance we will be successful maintaining our historical CarnoSyn® instant release beta-alanine sales levels or growing future sales volumes with our remaining CarnoSyn® instant release patent estate. If we are not successful it could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, and financial condition.

We believe SR CarnoSyn® is a superior delivery system for CarnoSyn® beta-alanine based on its sustained release profile that allows for increased daily dosing and improved muscle retention of carnosine. Our patents related to SR CarnoSyn® extend through 2027 and we believe the introduction of SR CarnoSyn® beta-alanine is an important step in the further commercialization of our patent estate. There can be no assurance that we will be successful in getting the market to transition to this new form of beta-alanine or that we will be successful launching new products utilizing SR CarnoSyn® beta-alanine. If we are not successful in either one of these goals, it could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, and financial condition.

We may continue to incur significant costs in the course of creating and defending our intellectual property. We may be unable to protect our intellectual property rights or may inadvertently infringe on the intellectual property rights of others.

We possess and may possess in the future certain proprietary technology, trade secrets, trademarks, trade names, licenses, patents, and similar intellectual property. We may continue to incur significant patent and trademark litigation costs associated with creating and defending our intellectual property. During fiscal 2020, we incurred approximately $2.0 million in patent litigation and prosecution expense and expect these expenses to be between $1.0 million and $1.5 million during fiscal 2021. There is no assurance we will be able to create new intellectual property, protect our existing intellectual property adequately or that our intellectual property rights will be upheld. If, as we have been in the past, we are again subject to legal proceedings seeking to invalidate our patent rights, such proceedings or the success of the efforts thereby could have a material adverse impact upon our financial condition and results of operations. Furthermore, the laws of certain foreign countries may not protect our intellectual property rights to the same extent as do the laws of the U.S. Additional litigation in the U.S. or abroad may be necessary to enforce our intellectual property rights, to determine the validity and scope of the proprietary rights of others or to defend against claims of infringement. Such litigation, even if ultimately determined in our favor, could result in substantial additional costs and diversion of resources and could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition. If infringement claims are asserted against us, we may seek to obtain a license to use the claiming third party’s intellectual property rights. There can be no assurance such a license would be available at all or available on terms acceptable or favorable to us.

Possible new tariffs on imported goods from China and elsewhere could adversely affect our business operations.

The United States has implemented new and increased tariffs on a wide range of goods and materials imported from China and other governments, in addition to tariffs previously imposed. These goods may include products and applications, including ingredients we or our customers require for their products, including beta-alanine. Our ability to maintain or increase CarnoSyn® sales and licensing revenue depends on the availability of the raw material beta-alanine. In response, China and other governments have, or announced plans, to impose additional tariffs on certain American products if additional U.S. tariffs are imposed. Continuing or increased tariffs could have a material adverse effect on our customer’s businesses, the availability of beta-alanine, and the cost of our other products. While it is difficult to predict whether or how existing and additional potential tariffs will be imposed, or how tariffs will impact our business, we believe the imposition of additional tariffs by the U.S. or other governments on products we or our customers offer for sale, or ingredients we use in the products we manufacture could adversely impact our offerings and our customers, and such tariffs could have an adverse impact on the availability of raw materials we purchase including beta-alanine.

Such results could adversely impact our ability to license our patents and trademarks, our ability to sell beta-alanine, and our customers’ ability to compete in the market place, resulting in reduced demand for our products, and products we manufacture for our customers. Any of these events could have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations.

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Our operating results will vary. We experienced declines in net sales and incurred a loss in fiscal 2020 and there is no guarantee our sales will improve or we will earn a profit in future years. Fluctuations in our operating results may adversely affect the share price of our common stock.

Our net sales decreased during fiscal 2020 as compared to fiscal 2019, and there can be no assurance our net sales will improve in the near term, or we will earn a profit in any given year. We experienced a net loss in fiscal 2020 and may incur losses in the future. Our operating results may fluctuate from year to year and/or from quarter to quarter due to various factors including differences related to the timing of revenues and expenses for financial reporting purposes and other factors described in this report. At times, these fluctuations may be significant. We anticipate generating positive net income in fiscal 2021, although there is no assurance we will be able to do so. Fluctuations in our operating results may adversely affect the share price of our common stock.

Our products and manufacturing activities are subject to extensive government regulation, which could limit or prevent the sale of our products in some markets and could increase our costs.

The manufacturing, packaging, labeling, advertising, promotion, distribution, and sale of our products are subject to regulation by numerous national and local governmental agencies in the U.S. and in other countries. For example, we are required to comply with certain GMP and incur costs associated with the audit and certification of our facilities. Failure to comply with governmental regulations may result in, among other things, injunctions, product withdrawals, recalls, product seizures, fines, and criminal prosecutions. Any action of this type by a governmental agency could materially adversely affect our ability to successfully market our products and services. In addition, if such governmental agency has reason to believe the law is being violated (for example, if it believes we do not possess adequate substantiation for product claims), it can initiate an enforcement action. Governmental agency enforcement could result in orders requiring, among other things, limits on advertising, consumer redress, divestiture of assets, rescission of contracts, and such other relief as may be deemed necessary. Violation of these orders could result in substantial financial or other penalties. Any action by a governmental agency could materially adversely affect our ability and our customers’ ability to successfully market and continue selling the products involved.

Before commencing operations or marketing our products in markets outside the U.S., we are routinely required to obtain approvals, licenses, or certifications from a country’s ministry of health or comparable agency. Approvals or licensing may be conditioned on reformulation of products or even may be unavailable with respect to certain products or product ingredients. We must also comply with product labeling and packaging regulations that vary from country to country. Furthermore, the regulations of these countries may conflict with those in the U.S. and with each other. The sale of our products in certain European countries is subject to the rules and regulations of the European Union, which may be interpreted differently among the countries within the European Union. The cost of complying with these various and potentially conflicting regulations can be substantial and could adversely affect our results of operations.

As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, our operations have been subjected to additional laws and regulations imposed by federal, state, and local governments and have primarily related to the ability for our employees to come to work and the safety measures that need to be in place in order for our facilities to remain operational. While we already had robust quality standards and procedures, we have had to constantly monitor these new regulations and implement additional procedures where necessary, including temperature checks, additional cleaning procedures, allowing administrative personnel to work remotely, etc. New or expanded regulations or our inability to continue operating as an essential business could adversely affect our results of operations.

We cannot predict the nature of any future laws, regulations, interpretations, or applications, nor can we determine what effect additional governmental regulations, when and if adopted, would have on our business. They could include new or revised requirements or restrictions related to the safe operation of our facilities due to the pandemic, or for the reformulation of certain products to meet new standards, the recall or discontinuance of certain products, additional compliance costs or record keeping requirements, expanded or different labeling, and additional scientific substantiation. Any or all of these requirements could have a material adverse effect on our operations.

A significant or prolonged economic downturn, could have, and at certain times in the past has had, a material adverse effect on our results of operations.

Our results of operations are affected by the level of business activity of our customers and licensees, which in turn is affected by the level of consumer demand for their products. A significant or prolonged economic downturn may adversely affect the disposable income of many consumers and may lower demand for the products we produce for our private-label contract manufacturing customers and products sold or manufactured by others using our licensed patent rights. Any decline in economic conditions in the U.S. and the various foreign markets in which our customers operate could negatively impact our customers’ businesses and our operations. A significant decline in consumer demand and the level of business activity of our customers, even if only due in part to general economic conditions, could have a material adverse effect on our revenues and profit margins.

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The failure of our suppliers to supply quality materials in sufficient quantities, at a favorable price, and in a timely fashion could adversely affect the results of our operations.

We buy our raw materials from a limited number of suppliers. During fiscal 2020, one of our suppliers, Yasunaga Trading Company, LTD (Yasunaga), represented more than 10% of our total raw material purchases. During fiscal 2019, another of our suppliers, Capsugel Manufacturing LLC, represented more than 10% of our raw material purchases. Additionally, during fiscal 2019, we began only sourcing our beta-alanine from Japan through Yasunaga Trading Company. The loss of any of our major suppliers or of any supplier who provides us materials that are hard to obtain elsewhere at the same quality could adversely affect our business operations. Although we believe we could establish alternate sources for most of our raw materials, any delay in locating and establishing relationships with other sources could result in shortages of products we manufacture from such raw materials, with a resulting loss of sales and customers. In certain situations we may be required to alter our products or with our customer’s consent to substitute different materials from alternative sources.

A shortage of raw materials or an unexpected interruption of supply could also result in higher prices for those materials. We have experienced increases in various raw material costs, transportation costs and the cost of petroleum-based raw materials and packaging supplies used in our business. Increasing cost pricing pressures on raw materials and other products have continued throughout fiscal 2020 as a result of limited supplies of various ingredients, the effects of higher labor and transportation costs, and impact of COVID-19. We expect these upward pressures to continue through fiscal 2021. Although we may be able to raise our prices in response to significant increases in the cost of raw materials, we may not be able to raise prices sufficiently or quickly enough to offset the negative effects such cost increases could have on our results of operations or financial condition.

There can be no assurance suppliers will provide the quality raw materials needed by us in the quantities requested or at a price we are willing to pay. Because we do not control the actual production of these raw materials, we are also subject to delays caused by interruption in production of materials including but not limited to those resulting from conditions outside of our control, such as pandemics, weather, transportation interruptions, strikes, terrorism, natural disasters, and other catastrophic events.

In addition, our efforts to maintain or increase sales of CarnoSyn® and SR CarnoSyn® and related supply agreements are substantially dependent on the availability of the raw material beta-alanine and sales of beta-alanine or products incorporating beta-alanine. The availability of beta-alanine, and thus sales of such raw material and products using such material, could be negatively impacted by any shortages, interruptions and similar events described above, which could in turn adversely affect the amount of revenue and profit margin we earn from the sale of beta-alanine. Additional tariffs imposed by any government on beta-alanine could have an adverse impact on the price we have to pay for beta-alanine and the availability of beta-alanine.

Our industry is highly competitive and we may be unable to continue to compete effectively. Increased competition could adversely affect our financial condition.

The market for our products, and those of our customers, is highly competitive. Some of our competitors are larger than we are and have greater financial resources and broader name recognition than we do. Our competitors may be able to devote greater resources to research and development, marketing and other activities that could provide them with a competitive advantage. Our market has relatively low entry barriers and is highly sensitive to the introduction of new products that may rapidly capture significant market share. Our competitors may not stress the level of quality we provide and could manufacture with a lower level of quality at lower costs. Our competitors are largely private and not subject to the same disclosure requirements as a publicly traded company. If consumers do not perceive higher quality as worth a higher price, our revenue could suffer. Increased competition could result in price reductions, reduced profit margins or loss of market share, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations. There can be no assurance we will be able to compete effectively in this intensely competitive environment.

We could be exposed to product liability claims or other litigation, which may be costly and could materially adversely affect our operations.

We could face financial liability due to product liability claims if the use of our products results in significant loss or injury. Additionally, the manufacture and sale of our products involves risk of injury to consumers from tampering by unauthorized third parties or product contamination. We could be exposed to future product liability claims that include, among others, assertions that: our products contain contaminants; we provide consumers with inadequate instructions about product use; or we provide inadequate warning about side effects or interactions of our products with other substances. Even if we were to prevail in any such claims, the cost of litigation and settlement could be significant.

We maintain product liability insurance coverage, including primary product liability and excess liability coverage. While we expect to be able to continue our product liability insurance, there can be no assurance we will in fact be able to continue such insurance coverage, or that such insurance coverage will be adequate to cover any liability we may incur, or that our insurance policies will continue to be available at a cost similar to our cost today, or even an economically reasonable cost.

Additionally, it is possible one or more of our insurers could exclude from our coverage certain ingredients used in our products. In such event, we may have to stop using those ingredients or rely on indemnification or similar arrangements with our customers who wish to continue to include those ingredients in their products. A substantial increase in our product liability risk or the loss of customers or product lines, or the failure of a customer to honor indemnification agreements each could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition.

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If we or our private-label contract manufacturing customers expand into additional markets outside the U.S. or our or their sales in markets outside the U.S. increase, our business could become increasingly subject to political, economic, regulatory and other risks in those markets, which could adversely affect our business.

Our future growth may depend, in part, on our ability and the ability of our private-label contract manufacturing customers, to expand into additional markets outside the U.S. or to improve sales in markets outside the U.S. There can be no assurance we or such customers will be able to expand in existing markets outside the U.S. or enter new markets on a timely basis, or that new markets outside the U.S. will be profitable. There are significant regulatory and legal barriers in markets outside the U.S. that must be overcome to enter and operate in such markets. We will be subject to the burden of complying with a wide variety of national and local laws, including multiple and possibly overlapping and conflicting laws. We also may experience difficulties adapting to new cultures, business customs and legal systems. Our sales and operations outside the U.S. are subject to political, economic and social uncertainties including, among others:

• changes and limits in import and export controls;

• increases in custom duties and tariffs;

• changes in government regulations and laws;

• coordination of geographically separated locations;

• changes in currency exchange rates;

• economic and political instability; and

Any changes related to these and other factors could adversely affect our business, profitability and growth prospects. If we or our customers expand into additional markets outside the U.S. or improve sales in markets outside the U.S., these and other risks associated with operations outside the U.S. will likely increase.

Our business is subject to the effects of adverse publicity, which could negatively affect our sales and revenues.

Our business can be affected by adverse publicity or negative public perception about us, our competitors, our customers, our products, or our industry or competitors generally. Adverse publicity may include publicity about the nutritional supplements industry generally, the efficacy, safety and quality of nutritional supplements and other health care products or ingredients in general or our products or ingredients specifically, and regulatory investigations, regardless of whether these investigations involve us or the business practices or products of our competitors, or our customers. Any adverse publicity or negative public perception could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected if any of our products or any similar products distributed by other companies are alleged to be or are proved to be harmful to consumers or to have unanticipated and unwanted health consequences.

If we are unable to attract and retain qualified management personnel, our business may suffer.

Our executive officers and other management personnel are primarily responsible for our day-to-day operations. We believe our success depends largely on our ability to attract, retain and motivate highly qualified management personnel. Competition for qualified individuals can be intense and has been increasing in recent years, and we may not be able to hire additional qualified personnel in a timely manner or on terms that would not substantially increase our costs. Any inability to retain a skilled professional management team could adversely affect our ability to successfully execute our business strategies and achieve our goals and objectives.

Our manufacturing and third party fulfillment activities are subject to certain risks.

We manufacture the majority of our products at our manufacturing facilities in California and Switzerland. As a result, we are dependent on the uninterrupted and efficient operation of these facilities. Our manufacturing operations, including those of our suppliers, are subject to power failures, blackouts, border shutdowns, telecommunications failures, computer viruses, cybersecurity vulnerabilities, human error, breakdown, failure or substandard performance of our facilities, our equipment, the improper installation or operation of equipment, terrorism, pandemics (including COVID-19), natural or other disasters, intentional acts of violence, and the need to comply with the requirements or directives of governmental agencies, including the FDA. In addition, we may in the future determine to expand or relocate our facilities, which may result in slowdowns or delays in our operations. While we have implemented and regularly evaluate various emergency, contingency and disaster recovery plans and we maintain business interruption insurance, there can be no assurance the occurrence of these or any other operational problems at our facilities in California or Switzerland would not have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Furthermore, there can be no assurance our contingency plans will prove to be adequate or successful if needed or our insurance will continue to be available at a reasonable cost or, if available, will be adequate to cover any losses that we may incur from an interruption in our manufacturing and distribution operations.

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We outsource our beta-alanine fulfillment and distribution activities as well as certain manufacturing activities. The operation of the third party service provider’s facilities is subject to the interruption risk and other risks similar to those described above for our facilities and there can be no assurance these interruptions or any other operational problem at such third party’s facilities would not have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We may pursue acquisitions of other companies that, if not successful, could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We may pursue acquisitions of companies we believe could complement or expand our business, augment our market coverage, provide us with important relationships or otherwise offer us growth opportunities. Acquisitions involve numerous risks, including the following:

• diverting management’s attention from other daily operations of the business;

• potential loss of key employees of an acquired company;

• an uncertain sales and earnings stream from an acquired company; and

There can be no assurance that acquisitions we may pursue will be successful. If we pursue an acquisition but are not successful in completing it, or if we complete an acquisition but are not successful in integrating an acquired company’s employees, products or operations successfully, our business, financial position or results of operations could be adversely affected.

Collectively, our officers and directors own a significant amount of our common stock, giving them influence over corporate transactions and other matters and potentially limiting the influence of other stockholders on important policy and management issues.

Our officers and directors, together with their families and affiliates, beneficially owned approximately 24% of our outstanding shares of common stock as of June 30, 2020. Approximately 16% of the outstanding shares of common stock are beneficially owned by Mark LeDoux, and his family and affiliates. Mr. LeDoux is our Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board. As a result, our officers and directors, and in particular Mr. LeDoux, could influence such business matters as the election of directors and approval of significant corporate transactions.

Various transactions could be delayed, deferred, or prevented without the approval of stockholders, including the following:

• transactions resulting in a change in control;

• mergers and acquisitions;

• tender offers;

• election of directors; and

• proxy contests.

There can be no assurance that conflicts of interest will not arise with respect to the officers and directors who own shares of our common stock or that conflicts will be resolved in a manner favorable to us or our other stockholders.

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We may not be able to raise additional capital or obtain additional financing if needed.

It is possible our cash from operations could become insufficient to meet our working capital needs and/or to implement our business strategies. In such an event, there can be no assurance our existing line of credit would be sufficient to meet our working capital needs, if the line has any credit still available when needed. We currently have taken all of the funds available under our line of credit. If we did have additional credit available and we fail to maintain certain loan covenants, we may no longer have access to our credit line. Under the terms of our credit facility, there are limits on our ability to create, incur or assume additional indebtedness without the approval of our lender. Our credit line terminates in November 2022 and there is no guarantee we will be able to extend or renew this credit line on favorable terms or at all.

We may consider issuing additional debt or equity securities in the future to fund potential acquisitions or investments, to refinance existing debt, or for general corporate purposes. If we issue equity or convertible debt securities to raise additional funds, our existing stockholders may experience dilution, and the new equity or debt securities may have rights, preferences and privileges senior to those of our existing stockholders. If we incur additional debt, it may increase our leverage relative to our earnings or to our equity capitalization, requiring us to pay additional interest expenses and potentially lowering our credit ratings. At any given time, it could be difficult for us to raise capital due to a variety of factors, some of which may be outside of our control, including a tightening of credit markets, overall poor performance of stock markets, and/or an economic slowdown in the U.S. or other countries, or in the businesses of our customers. There is no assurance we would be able to market such security issuances on favorable terms, or at all, in which case, if we did not have any alternate funds we might not be able to develop or enhance our products, execute our business plan, take advantage of future opportunities, respond to competitive pressures or meet unanticipated customer requirements.

Our inability to raise additional capital or to obtain additional financing if needed could negatively affect our ability to implement our business strategies and meet our goals. This, in turn, could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.

If certain provisions of our Certificate of Incorporation, Bylaws and Delaware law are triggered, the market for our shares may decrease.

Certain provisions in our Certificate of Incorporation, Bylaws and Delaware corporate law may discourage unsolicited proposals to acquire our business, even if such proposals would benefit our stockholders. Those provisions include one that authorizes our Board of Directors, without stockholder approval, to issue up to 500,000 shares of preferred stock having such rights, preferences, and privileges, including voting rights, as the Board of Directors designates. The rights of our common stockholders will be subject to, and may be adversely affected by, the rights of holders of any preferred stock that may be issued in the future. Any or all of these provisions could delay, deter or prevent a takeover of our company and could lower the price investors are willing to pay for our common stock and the number of investors willing to own our common stock.

Our stock price could fluctuate significantly.

Stock prices in general can be volatile and ours is no different. The trading price of our stock may fluctuate in response to the following, as well as other, factors including but not limited to factors outside of our control:

• broad market fluctuations and general economic and/or political conditions;

• fluctuations in our financial results;

• relatively low trading volumes;

• future offerings of our common stock or other securities;

• the general condition of the nutritional supplement industry;

• increased competition;

• regulatory action;

• adverse publicity;

• manipulative or illegal trading practices by third parties; and

• our and our customers' and suppliers' products and other public announcements.

The stock market has historically experienced significant price and volume fluctuations. There can be no assurance that an active market in our stock will continue to exist or that the price of our common stock will not decline. Our future operating results may be below the expectations of securities analysts and investors. If this were to occur, the price of our common stock could decline, perhaps substantially.

From time to time our shares may be listed for trading on one or more foreign exchanges, with or without our prior knowledge or consent. Certain foreign exchanges may have less stringent listing requirements, rules and enforcement procedures than the Nasdaq Global Market or other markets in the U.S., which may increase the potential for manipulative trading practices to occur on such foreign exchanges. These practices, or the perception by investors that such practices could occur, may increase the volatility of our stock price or result in a decline in our stock price, which in some cases could be significant.

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ITEM 2. PROPERTIES

This table summarizes our facilities as of June 30, 2020. We believe our facilities are adequate to meet our operating requirements for the foreseeable future.

Location Nature of Use Square Feet How Held Lease Expiration Date

Manno, Switzerland(4) Warehousing 30,892 Leased December 2023

Carlsbad, CA USA(5) Corporate headquarters 20,981 Owned N/A

(4) This facility is used by NAIE for additional warehouse storage.

(5) We purchased the Carlsbad facility in March 2016.

ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

From time to time, we become involved in various investigations, claims and legal proceedings that arise in the ordinary course of our business. These matters may relate to intellectual property, product liability, employment, tax, regulation, contract or other matters. The resolution of these matters as they arise will be subject to various uncertainties and, even if such claims are without merit, could result in the expenditure of significant financial and managerial resources. While unfavorable outcomes are possible, based on available information, we generally do not believe the resolution of these matters, even if unfavorable, will result in a material adverse effect on our business, consolidated financial condition, or results of operations. Our evaluation of the likely impact of these actions could change in the future and we could have unfavorable outcomes we do not expect. An unexpected settlement expense or an unexpected unfavorable outcome of a matter could adversely impact our results of operations.

As of September 18, 2020, neither NAI nor its subsidiary were a party to any material pending legal proceeding nor was any of our property the subject of any material pending legal proceeding. We are currently involved in several matters in the ordinary course of our business.

There is no assurance NAI will prevail in any litigation matters or that litigation expenses will not be greater than anticipated.

ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Not applicable.

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PART II

Market Information

Our common stock trades on the Nasdaq Global Market under the symbol “NAII.” Below are the high and low sales prices of our common stock as reported on the Nasdaq Global Market for each quarter of the fiscal years ended June 30, 2020 and 2019:

High Low High Low

Holders

As of September 18, 2020, there were approximately 203 stockholders of record of our common stock. On that same date, the last sales price of our common stock as reported on NASDAQ was $6.77 per share.

Dividends

We have never paid a dividend on our common stock and we do not intend to pay a dividend in the foreseeable future. Our current policy is to retain all earnings to provide funds for operations and future growth. Additionally, under the terms of our credit facility, we are precluded from paying a dividend while such facility is in place without a waiver from our lender.

Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities

During the fiscal year ended June 30, 2020, we did not sell any unregistered securities.

Repurchases

As set forth below, during the quarter ended June 30, 2020, we repurchased 38,617 shares of our common stock at a total cost of $0.3 million (including commissions and transactions fees) under our stock repurchase plan as set forth below:

(1) Average price paid per share includes costs associated with the repurchases

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Equity Compensation Plan Information

The following table sets forth information regarding outstanding options and shares reserved for future issuance under our existing equity compensation plans as of June 30, 2020:

(a) (b) (c)

Equity compensation plans approved by stockholders 130,000 $ 6.28 —

Equity compensation plans not approved by stockholders N/A N/A N/A

ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA

As a smaller reporting company, we are not required to provide Item 6 disclosure in this Annual Report.

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The following discussion and analysis is intended to help you understand our financial condition and results of operations as of June 30, 2020 and 2019 and for each of the last two fiscal years then ended. You should read the following discussion and analysis together with our audited consolidated financial statements and the notes to the consolidated financial statements included under Item 8 in this report. Our future financial condition and results of operations will vary from our historical financial condition and results of operations described below based on a variety of factors. You should carefully review the risks described under Item 1A and elsewhere in this report, which identify certain important factors that could cause our future financial condition and results of operations to vary.

Executive Overview

The following overview does not address all of the matters covered in the other sections of this Item 7 or other items in this report or contain all of the information that may be important to our stockholders or the investing public. You should read this overview in conjunction with the other sections of this Item 7, the financial statements and accompanying notes, and this report.

Our primary business activity is providing private-label contract manufacturing services to companies that market and distribute vitamins, minerals, herbs and other nutritional supplements, as well as other health care products, to consumers both within and outside the U.S. Historically, our revenue has been largely dependent on sales to two or three private-label contract manufacturing customers and subject to variations in the timing of such customers’ orders, which in turn is impacted by such customers’ internal marketing programs, supply chain management, entry into new markets, new product introductions, the demand for such customers’ products, and general industry and economic conditions. Our revenue also includes raw material sales, royalty and licensing revenue generated from our patent estate pursuant to license and supply agreements with third parties for the distribution and use of the ingredient known as beta-alanine sold under our CarnoSyn® and SR CarnoSyn® trademarks.

A cornerstone of our business strategy is to achieve long-term growth and profitability and to diversify our sales base. We have sought and expect to continue to seek to diversify our sales by developing relationships with additional, quality-oriented, private-label contract manufacturing customers, and commercializing our patent estate through sales of beta-alanine under our CarnoSyn® and SR CarnoSyn® trade names, royalties from license agreements, and potentially additional contract manufacturing opportunities with licensees.

Impact of COVID-19 on Our Business

On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization classified the novel coronavirus, or COVID-19, as a pandemic. The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted, and is likely to continue to result, in significant economic disruption and has and will likely affect our business. Significant uncertainty exists concerning the magnitude of the impact and duration of the COVID-19 pandemic. Our facilities, located both in the United States and Europe, continue to operate as an essential and critical manufacturer in accordance with applicable federal, state, and local regulations, however, there can be no assurance our facilities will continue to operate without interruption. Factors that derive from COVID-19 and the accompanying response, and that have or may negatively impact sales and gross margin in the future include, but are not limited to the following:

● Local, state, or federal orders requiring employees to remain at home;

● Limitations on the ability of carriers to deliver our products to customers;

● Limitations on the ability of our customers to pay us on a timely basis.

As a preventative measure to provide our business with potentially needed liquidity, and out of an abundance of caution, we withdrew $10 million from our credit facility with Wells Fargo in the third quarter of fiscal 2020. We will continue to actively monitor the situation and may take further actions to alter our business operations as may be required by federal, state or local authorities or that we determine are in the best interests of our employees, customers, suppliers and shareholders. While we are unable to determine or predict the nature, duration, or scope of the overall impact the COVID-19 pandemic will have on our business, results of operations, liquidity or capital resources, we believe we will be able to remain operational and our working capital will be sufficient for us to remain operational even as the longer term consequences of this pandemic become known.

During fiscal 2020, our consolidated net sales were 14% lower than in fiscal 2019. Private-label contract manufacturing sales decreased 13% due primarily to lower volumes of current products to existing customers located primarily in the U.S. and European markets partially offset by new product sales to new and existing customers in the U.S market. During fiscal 2020, sales to our largest private-label contract manufacturing customer declined 23% primarily as a result of reduced customer demand. However, a majority of this decline occurred during the first nine months of fiscal 2020 while the fourth quarter of fiscal 2020 included a year over year increase in sales for this customer, primarily due to increased consumer demand and shipments of a newly awarded product. Fiscal 2021 sales from our largest private-label contract manufacturing customer are expected to increase as compared to fiscal 2020. Revenue concentration from our largest private-label contract manufacturing customer as a percentage of our total net sales decreased to 44% in fiscal 2020 from 49% in fiscal 2019. We expect this percentage to increase in fiscal 2021.

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Effective March 31, 2020, we terminated our ongoing relationship with one private-label contract manufacturing customer, Kaged Muscle. We are working with this former customer to assist them with completing their obligations to us, transition to a replacement manufacturer, and the transfer of inventory items we hold specific to this customer. Due to uncertainty regarding the future operations of this former customer, we reserved 100% of their outstanding accounts receivable balance and a majority of the inventory we hold for their products. As of June 30, 2020, our balance sheet and results of operations for fiscal 2020 included total reserves (and accompanying expense) of $4.3 million related to this former customer.

During fiscal 2020, CarnoSyn® beta-alanine revenue decreased 25% to $12.6 million as compared to $16.7 million for fiscal 2019. The decrease in CarnoSyn® revenue was primarily due to decreased beta-alanine shipments as a result of changes to consumer market trends and lower average beta-alanine sales prices. We believe this sales decline was also impacted by certain customers discontinuing the use of our CarnoSyn® beta-alanine in favor of generic beta-alanine and lower overall consumer demand for our customers’ CarnoSyn® products, including the negative impact COVID-19 had on the sports nutrition industry in the latter part of fiscal 2020 due to the shutdown of athletic activities and gyms across the USA.

We continue to invest in research and development for our SR CarnoSyn® sustained release delivery system.We believe SR CarnoSyn® may provide a unique opportunity within the growing Wellness and Healthy Aging markets. We believe our recent efforts to refine our formulations and product offerings will be positively received and result in significant opportunity for increased SR CarnoSyn® sales.

To protect our CarnoSyn® business, we incurred litigation and patent compliance expenses of approximately $2.0 million during fiscal 2020 and $2.4 million during fiscal 2019. The decrease in these legal expenses on a year over year basis was primarily due to the successful resolution of several cases that were settled and the successful completion of an effort to gain New Dietary Ingredient status from the FDA on our patented CarnoSyn® beta-alanine. We currently expect our litigation and patent compliance expenses to decrease during fiscal 2021 to an annual rate of approximately $1.0 million to $1.5 million. Our ability to maintain or further increase our beta-alanine royalty and licensing revenue will depend in large part on our ability to develop a market for our sustained release form of beta-alanine marketed under our SR CarnoSyn® trademark, maintain our patent rights, the availability and the cost of the raw material when and in the amounts needed, the ability to expand distribution of beta-alanine to new and existing customers, and continued compliance by third parties with our license agreements and our patent, trademark and other intellectual property rights. During fiscal 2021, we will continue our sales and marketing activities to consumers, customers, potential customers, and brand owners on multiple platforms to promote and reinforce the features and benefits of utilizing CarnoSyn® and SR CarnoSyn® beta-alanine.

Based on our current sales order volumes and forecasts we have received from our customers, we expect our fiscal 2021 consolidated net sales to increase as compared to fiscal 2020. We also expect operating income will increase in fiscal 2021 due to increased sales and a non-recurrence of the $4.3 million accounts receivable and inventory reserve that was recorded in fiscal 2020. There can be no assurance our customer’s sales and marketing activities as well as our own sales and marketing and litigation efforts will reverse or decelerate potential future sales declines. We are also closely monitoring the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic but we cannot reasonably estimate the length of time or severity of the pandemic and cannot currently estimate the impact this pandemic may have on our consolidated financial results for fiscal 2021 and beyond.

During fiscal 2021, we plan to continue our focus on:

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Our consolidated financial statements included under Item 8 in this report have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP). A description of our significant accounting policies can be found in the notes to our consolidated financial statements in Item 8 of this report. The preparation of financial statements in accordance with GAAP requires we make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in our financial statements and their accompanying notes. We have identified certain policies we believe are important to the portrayal of our financial condition and results of operations. Implementation of these policies requires the application of significant judgment by our management. We base our estimates on our historical experience, industry standards, and various other assumptions that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results could differ from these estimates. An adverse effect on our financial condition, changes in financial condition, and results of operations could occur if circumstances change that alter the various assumptions or conditions used in making such estimates or assumptions.

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Results of Operations

The following table sets forth selected consolidated operating results for each of the last two fiscal years, presented as a percentage of net sales (dollars in thousands).

Fiscal Year Ended

(Benefit) provision for income taxes (93 ) — % 1,412 1 % (1,505 ) (107 )%

Private-label contract manufacturing net sales decreased 13% due primarily to lower volumes of current products to existing customers located primarily in the U.S. and European markets partially offset by new product sales to new and existing customers in the U.S market. During fiscal 2020, sales to our largest private-label contract manufacturing customer declined 23% primarily as a result of reduced customer demand. However, a majority of this decline occurred during the first nine months of fiscal 2020 while the fourth quarter of fiscal 2020 included a year over year increase in sales for this customer, primarily due to increased consumer demand and shipments of a newly awarded product.

Net sales from our patent and trademark licensing segment decreased 25% during fiscal 2020. The decrease in patent and trademark licensing revenue was primarily due to decreased beta-alanine shipments as a result of changes to consumer market trends and lower average beta-alanine sales prices. We believe this sales decline was also impacted by certain customers discontinuing the use of our CarnoSyn® beta-alanine in favor of generic beta-alanine and lower overall consumer demand for our customers’ CarnoSyn® products, which included the negative impact COVID-19 had on the sports nutrition industry in the latter part of fiscal 2020 due to the shutdown of athletic activities and gyms across the USA.

The change in gross profit margin for the year ended June 30, 2020, was as follows:

Percentage Change

Contract manufacturing(1) (1.1 )

Patent and trademark licensing(2) —

Total change in gross profit margin (1.1 )

Selling, general and administrative expenses increased $2.8 million, or 16%, during fiscal 2020 as compared to fiscal 2019. This increase was primarily due $3.3 million of bad debt expense recorded related to a receivable from a former contract manufacturing customer that was partially offset by decreased litigation and patent compliance expenses associated with our CarnoSyn® beta-alanine patent estate.

Other income (net) decreased $2.2 million during fiscal 2020 as compared to fiscal 2019. The decrease for fiscal 2020 was primarily due to the exclusion of the amortization of forward points from cash flow hedge instruments during the year ended June 30, 2020 as compared to including $1.6 million in fiscal 2019. This change in classification of forward points is the result of the adoption of ASU No. 2017-12 that now requires the amortization of forward points be included as a component of net revenues while they were previously included as a component of other income. The remaining portion of the decrease primarily related to foreign currency exchange losses associated with fluctuations in various foreign exchange rates used to revalue our balance sheet.

Our income tax expense decreased $1.5 million during fiscal 2020 as compared to fiscal 2019. The decrease was primarily due to the decrease in income before taxes when compared to fiscal 2019.

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Liquidity and Capital Resources

Our primary sources of liquidity and capital resources are cash flows provided by operating activities and the availability of borrowings under our credit facilities. Net cash provided by operating activities was $3.7 million in fiscal 2020 compared to net cash provided by operating activities of $6.6 million in fiscal 2019.

We had a loss of $1.6 million in fiscal 2020 as compared to net income of $6.5 million in fiscal 2019. This decrease in net income was primarily due to lower consolidated sales and an accounts receivable and inventory reserve recorded in fiscal 2020 related to one of our former contract manufacturing customers.

At June 30, 2020, changes in accounts receivable, consisting primarily of amounts due from our private-label contract manufacturing customers and our patent and trademark raw material sales activities, used $4.3 million in cash compared to using $1.3 million in fiscal 2019. The increase in cash used by accounts receivable during fiscal 2020 primarily resulted from timing of sales and the related collections at the end of fiscal 2020 as compared to fiscal 2019. In addition, provision for uncollectible accounts receivable used $3.3 million in fiscal 2020 as compared to zero for fiscal 2019. The change in provision for uncollectible accounts receivable was primarily associated with a reserve recorded associated with a former contract manufacturing customer. Days sales outstanding (DSO) increased to 51 days during fiscal 2020 compared to 40 days during fiscal 2019, primarily due to customer sales mix and timing of sales and the related collections.

Inventory used $2.0 million in cash during fiscal 2020 compared to using $2.4 million in fiscal 2019. The change in cash activity from inventory was primarily related to the timing of sales and anticipated sales at the end of fiscal 2020 as compared to fiscal 2019. Inventory at the end of fiscal 2020 also included a buildup of inventory associated with anticipated new product launches from multiple private-label contract manufacturing customers and increased inventory related to our CarnoSyn® beta-alanine business. Changes in accounts payable and accrued liabilities provided $2.7 million in cash during fiscal 2020 compared to using $0.5 million during fiscal 2019. The change in cash flow activity related to accounts payable and accrued liabilities is primarily due to the timing of inventory receipts and payments.

Cash used in investing activities in fiscal 2020 was $4.5 million compared to $3.8 million in fiscal 2019. Capital expenditures were $4.5 million during fiscal 2020 compared to $5.3 million in fiscal 2018. Capital expenditures during fiscal 2020 and fiscal 2019 were primarily for manufacturing equipment used in our Vista, California and Manno, Switzerland facilities. Investing activities in fiscal 2019 also included the collection of the $1.5 million note receivable.

Cash provided by financing activities in fiscal 2020 was $6.3 million, compared to using $1.3 million in fiscal 2019. This change is primarily due to $10.0 million in proceeds from our line of credit, withdrawn as a measure to provide our business with liquidity out of an abundance of caution due to the COVID-19 pandemic, offset by increased repurchases of our stock. At June 30, 2020 we had $10.0 million due in connection with our loan facility. As of June 30, 2019, we had no outstanding balances due in connection with our loan facility.

During fiscal 2020 we were in compliance with all of the financial and other covenants required under our Credit Agreement. Refer to Note F, "Debt," in Item 8 of this report, for terms of such Credit Agreement and additional information.

As of June 30, 2020, we had $30.5 million in cash and cash equivalents. Of these amounts, $13.8 million of cash and cash equivalents were held by NAIE. Overall, we believe our available cash, cash equivalents and potential cash flows from operations will be sufficient to fund our current working capital needs and capital expenditures through at least the next 12 months.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

As of June 30, 2020, we did not have any significant off-balance sheet debt nor did we have any transactions, arrangements, obligations (including contingent obligations) or other relationships with any unconsolidated entities or other persons, in each case that have or are reasonably likely to have a material current or future effect on our financial condition, changes in financial condition, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures, capital resources, or significant components of revenue or expenses material to investors.

Inflation

During fiscal 2020 and 2019, we did not experience any significant increases in product raw material or operational costs we attributed to inflationary factors. We currently believe increasing raw material and product cost pricing pressures will exist throughout fiscal 2021 as a result of limited supplies of various ingredients, the effects of higher labor and transportation costs, and the impact of COVID-19. We do not believe current inflation rates will have a material impact on our fiscal 2021 operations or profitability.

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Recent Accounting Pronouncements

A discussion of recent accounting pronouncements is included under Note A in the notes to our consolidated financial statements which are included under Item 8 of this report.

ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

As a smaller reporting company, we are not required to provide Item 7A disclosure in this Annual Report.

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ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

To the Board of Directors and

Stockholders of Natural Alternatives International, Inc.

Opinion on the Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Natural Alternatives International, Inc. (the Company) as of June 30, 2020 and 2019, and the related consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive (loss) income, stockholders’ equity and cash flows for each of the years in the two-year period ended June 30, 2020, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of June 30, 2020 and 2019, and the consolidated results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the two years in the period ended June 30, 2020, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

Basis for Opinion

These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits, we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.

Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

/s/ HASKELL & WHITE LLP

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2014.

San Diego, California

September 21, 2020

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Natural Alternatives International, Inc.

Consolidated Balance Sheets

As of June 30

(Dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)

Assets

Current assets:

Prepaids and other current assets 2,275 1,500

Operating lease right-of-use assets 18,354 —

Deferred tax asset – noncurrent 196 —

Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity

Current liabilities:

Accrued compensation and employee benefits 2,660 1,615

Line of credit - current 10,000 —

Long-term liability – operating leases 18,782 —

Noncurrent forward contracts 195 —

Long-term pension liability 696 246

Deferred rent — 543

Income taxes payable, noncurrent 1,349 1,349

Deferred income taxes — 1,018

Commitments and contingencies (Notes H, J and M)

Stockholders’ equity:

Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income (1,183 ) 292

Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity $ 120,203 $ 93,490

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

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Natural Alternatives International, Inc.

Consolidated Statements of Operations And Comprehensive (Loss) Income

For the Years Ended June 30

(Dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)

Other selling, general and administrative expenses 17,098 17,614

Provision for uncollectible accounts receivable 3,282 —

(Loss) income from operations (1,509 ) 5,961

Other (expense) income:

Interest expense (67 ) (29 )

Foreign exchange (loss) gain (320 ) 148

Other, net (19 ) 5

Total other (expense) income: (229 ) 1,992

(Loss) income before income taxes (1,738 ) 7,953

(Benefit) provision for income taxes (93 ) 1,412

Change in minimum pension liability, net of tax $ (323 ) $ (104 )

Comprehensive (loss) income $ (2,992 ) $ 7,411

Net (loss) income per common share:

Weighted average common shares outstanding:

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

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Natural Alternatives International, Inc.

Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity

For the Years Ended June 30

(Dollars in thousands)

Shares Amount Capital Earnings Shares Amount Income (Loss) Total

Issuance of common stock for stock option exercise 5,000 — 38 — — — — 38

Issuance of common stock for restricted stock grants 190,000 2 (2 ) — — — — —

Compensation expense related to stock compensation plans — — 1,754 — — — — 1,754

Forfeiture of restricted stock — — 4 405,000 (4 ) — —

Change in minimum pension liability, net of tax — — — — — — (104 ) (104 )

Issuance of common stock for restricted stock grants 5,000 — — — — — — —

Compensation expense related to stock compensation plans — — 1,712 — — — — 1,712

Forfeiture of restricted stock — — — — 15,000 — — —

Change in minimum pension liability, net of tax — — — — — — (323 ) (323 )

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

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Natural Alternatives International, Inc.

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

For the Years Ended June 30

(in thousands)

Cash flows from operating activities

Provision for uncollectible accounts receivable 3,282 —

Depreciation and amortization 3,959 3,465

Deferred income taxes (893 ) 212

Non-cash sales discount — 82

Non-cash lease expenses 2,772 —

Pension expense 27 60

Loss on disposal of assets 109 48

Changes in operating assets and liabilities:

Operating lease liabilities (2,467 ) —

Prepaids and other assets (1,174 ) 308

Accounts payable and accrued liabilities 2,720 (491 )

Accrued compensation and employee benefits 1,045 117

Net cash provided by operating activities 3,691 6,564

Cash flows from investing activities

Purchases of property and equipment (4,541 ) (5,327 )

Proceeds from sale of property and equipment 35 19

Repayment of notes receivable — 1,500

Net cash used in investing activities (4,506 ) (3,808 )

Cash flows from financing activities

Repurchase of common stock (3,747 ) (1,367 )

Borrowing on lines of credit 10,000 —

Issuance of common stock — 38

Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities 6,253 (1,329 )

Net increase in cash and cash equivalents 5,438 1,427

Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year 25,040 23,613

Cash and cash equivalents at end of year $ 30,478 $ 25,040

Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information

Cash paid during the year for:

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

A. Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Organization

We provide private-label contract manufacturing services to companies that market and distribute vitamins, minerals, herbs, and other nutritional supplements, as well as other health care products, to consumers both within and outside the U.S. We also seek to commercialize our patent and trademark estate related to the ingredient known as beta-alanine sold under our CarnoSyn® and SR CarnoSyn® tradenames through direct raw material sales and various license and similar arrangements.

Subsidiaries

On January 22, 1999, Natural Alternatives International Europe S.A., a Swiss Corporation (NAIE) was formed as our wholly-owned subsidiary, based in Manno, Switzerland. In September 1999, NAIE opened a manufacturing facility and currently possesses manufacturing capability in encapsulation, powders, tablets, finished goods packaging, quality control laboratory testing, warehousing, distribution and administration.

Principles of Consolidation

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Natural Alternatives International, Inc. (NAI) and our wholly-owned subsidiary, NAIE. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated. The functional currency of NAIE, our foreign subsidiary, is the U.S. Dollar. Certain accounts of NAIE have been translated at either current or historical exchange rates, as appropriate, with gains and losses included in the consolidated statements of operations.

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

We adopted ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842), and subsequent amendments thereto (“ASC 842”) on July 1, 2019 using the optional transition approach to apply the standard at the beginning of the first quarter of the year of adoption, fiscal year 2020, with no retrospective adjustments to prior periods. The adoption of the standard resulted in the recognition of right-of-use assets and lease liabilities for operating leases of approximately $20.7 million and $20.9 million, respectively, on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, with no material impact on our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income, Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity, or Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. We have elected the practical expedients to (1) carryforward prior conclusions related to lease identification and classification for existing leases, (2) combine lease and non-lease components of an arrangement for all classes of leased assets, and (3) omit short-term leases with a term of 12 months or less from recognition on the balance sheet. See “Note D. Leases” for additional information on our leases following the adoption of this standard.

On July 1, 2019, we adopted ASU No. 2017-12, “Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities.” The ASU better aligns an entity’s risk management activities and financial reporting for hedging relationships through changes to both the designation and measurement guidance for qualifying hedging relationships and the presentation of hedge results. We applied ASU No. 2017-12 using a modified retrospective approach for cash flow and fair value hedges existing at the date of adoption and prospectively for the presentation and disclosure guidance. As a result of the adoption of this ASU, amortization of forward points are now included as a component of net revenues while they were previously included as a component of other income. For the year ended June 30, 2020, we included $864,000 of forward point amortization in Sales. For the year ended June 30, 2019, we included $1.6 million of forward point amortization in Other Income.

On July 1, 2019, we adopted ASU 2018-02, “Income Statement-Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income”. ASU 2018 allows for a reclassification from accumulated other comprehensive income (OCI) to retained earnings for stranded tax effects resulting from the 2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act. Under this ASU, we reclassified $128,000 of gains from OCI to retained earnings.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

On December 18, 2019, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the "FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") No. 2019-12, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes. This new standard eliminates certain exceptions in Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") 740 related to the approach for intraperiod tax allocation, the methodology for calculating income taxes in an interim period, and the recognition of deferred tax liabilities for outside basis differences. It also clarifies and simplifies other aspects of the accounting for income taxes. This standard is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2020, with early adoption permitted in any interim period within that year. This ASU will be effective for us beginning in our first quarter of fiscal 2022. We are currently evaluating the impact this ASU will have on our consolidated financial statements.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

We consider all highly liquid investments with a maturity of three months or less when purchased to be cash equivalents.

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Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability (i.e., the “exit price”) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. We use a three-level hierarchy for inputs used in measuring fair value that maximizes the use of observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs by requiring that observable inputs be used when available. Observable inputs are inputs that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability based on market data obtained from independent sources. Unobservable inputs are inputs that reflect our assumptions about the inputs that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability and are developed based on the best information available under the circumstances.

The fair value hierarchy is broken down into three levels based on the source of inputs. In general, fair values determined by Level 1 inputs use quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that we have the ability to access. We classify cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities balances as Level 1 assets. The approximate fair value of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable and short-term borrowings is equal to book value due to the short-term nature of these items. Fair values determined by Level 2 inputs are based on quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active and models for which all significant inputs are observable or can be corroborated, either directly or indirectly by observable market data. Level 3 inputs are unobservable inputs for the asset or liability, and include situations where there is little, if any, market activity for the asset or liability. These include certain pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies and similar techniques that use significant unobservable inputs.

Except for cash and cash equivalents and assets and liabilities related to our pension plan, as of June 30, 2020 and June 30, 2019, we did not have any financial assets or liabilities classified as Level 1. We classify derivative forward exchange contracts as Level 2 assets and liabilities. The fair value of our forward exchange contracts as of June 30, 2020 included a net asset of $254,000. The fair value as of June 30, 2019 was a net asset of $2.3 million. The fair values were determined based on obtaining pricing from our bank and corroborating those values with a third party bank. We classify our outstanding line of credit balance as a Level 2 liability, as the fair value is based on inputs that can be derived from information available in publicly quoted markets. As of June 30, 2020 and June 30, 2019, we did not have any financial assets or liabilities classified as Level 3. We did not transfer any assets or liabilities between any levels during fiscal 2020.

Accounts Receivable

We perform ongoing credit evaluations of our customers and adjust credit limits based on payment history and customer credit-worthiness. An allowance for estimated doubtful accounts is maintained based on historical experience, including anticipated early payment discounts and identified customer credit issues. We monitor collections regularly and adjust the allowance for doubtful accounts as necessary to recognize any changes in credit exposure. Upon conclusion that a receivable is uncollectible, we record the respective amount as a charge against allowance for doubtful accounts. To date, such doubtful accounts reserves, in the aggregate, have been adequate to cover collection losses.

Notes Receivable

On September 30, 2017, we accepted a 12-month note (Loan Agreement) from Kaged Muscle, LLC (“Kaged Muscle”), one of our former contract manufacturing customers, in exchange for $1.5 million of trade receivables due to us from Kaged Muscle. On September 30, 2018, we entered into a First Amendment (the “First Amendment”) with Kaged Muscle in connection with the Loan Agreement. The First Amendment modified the Loan Agreement and related promissory note by extending the maturity date from September 30, 2018 to December 28, 2018 in exchange for an extension fee in the amount of $25,000. The note carried an interest rate of fifteen percent (15%) per annum with payments of interest only. The note was paid in full before the amended maturity date. In association with this note, we recognized $104,000 in interest income during the year ended June 30, 2019.

Inventories

We operate primarily as a private-label contract manufacturer. We build products based upon anticipated demand or following receipt of customer specific purchase orders. From time to time, we build inventory for private-label contract manufacturing customers under a specific purchase order with delivery dates that may subsequently be rescheduled or canceled at the customer’s request. We value inventory at the lower of cost (first-in, first-out) or net realizable value on an item-by-item basis, including costs for raw materials, labor and manufacturing overhead. We establish reserves equal to all or a portion of the related inventory to reflect situations in which the cost of the inventory is not expected to be recovered. This requires us to make estimates regarding the market value of our inventory, including an assessment for excess and obsolete inventory. Once we establish an inventory reserve in a fiscal period, the reduced inventory value is maintained until the inventory is sold or otherwise disposed of. In evaluating whether inventory is stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value, management considers such factors as the amount of inventory on hand, the estimated time required to sell such inventory, the remaining shelf life and efficacy, the foreseeable demand within a specified time horizon and current and expected market conditions. Based on this evaluation, we record adjustments to cost of goods sold to adjust inventory to its net realizable value.

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Property and Equipment

We state property and equipment at cost. Depreciation of property and equipment is provided using the straight-line method over their estimated useful lives, generally ranging from 1 to 39 years. We amortize leasehold improvements using the straight-line method over the shorter of the useful life of the improvement or the term of the lease. Maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred. Significant expenditures that increase economic useful lives of property or equipment are capitalized and expensed over the useful life of such expenditure.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

We periodically evaluate the carrying value of long-lived assets to be held and used when events and circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recovered. Recoverability of assets to be held and used is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of an asset to future net cash flows expected to be generated by the asset. If such assets are considered to be impaired, the impairment to be recognized is measured by the amount by which the carrying amount of the assets exceeds the fair value of the assets. Assets to be disposed of are reported at the lower of the carrying amount or fair value less costs to sell. We did not recognize any impairment losses during fiscal 2020 or fiscal 2019.

Derivative Financial Instruments

We may use derivative financial instruments in the management of our foreign currency exchange risk inherent in our forecasted sales denominated in Euros. We may hedge our foreign currency exposures by entering into offsetting forward exchange contracts. To the extent we use derivative financial instruments, we account for them as cash flow hedges. Foreign exchange derivative instruments that do not meet the criteria for cash flow hedge accounting are marked-to-market through the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income. Historically, our derivative instruments have met the criteria for hedge accounting.

We recognize any unrealized gains and losses associated with derivative instruments in income in the period in which the underlying hedged transaction is realized. To the extent the derivative instrument is deemed ineffective we would recognize the resulting gain or loss in income at that time. As of June 30, 2020, we held derivative contracts designated as cash flow hedges primarily to protect against the foreign exchange risks inherent in our forecasted sales of products at prices denominated in currencies other than the U.S. Dollar, which is primarily the Euro. As of June 30, 2020, the notional amounts of our foreign exchange contracts were $49.4 million (€43.5 million). These contracts will mature over the next 14 months.

Defined Benefit Pension Plan

We formerly sponsored a defined benefit pension plan. Effective June 21, 1999, we adopted an amendment to freeze benefit accruals to the participants. The plan obligation and related assets of the plan are presented in the notes to the consolidated financial statements. Plan assets, which consist primarily of marketable equity and debt instruments, are valued based upon third party market quotations. Independent actuaries, through the use of a number of assumptions, determine plan obligations and annual pension expense. Key assumptions in measuring the plan obligations include the discount rate and estimated future return on plan assets. In determining the discount rate, we use an average long-term bond yield. Asset returns are based on the historical returns of multiple asset classes to develop a risk free rate of return and risk premiums for each asset class. The overall rate for each asset class was developed by combining a long-term inflation component, the risk free rate of return and the associated risk premium. A weighted average rate is developed based on the overall rates and the plan’s asset allocation.

Revenue Recognition

We record revenue based on a five-step model which includes: (1) identifying a contract with a customer; (2) identifying the performance obligations in the contract; (3) determining the transaction price; (4) allocating the transaction price among the performance obligations; and (5) recognizing revenue as each of the various performance obligations are satisfied.

Revenue is measured as the net amount of consideration expected to be received in exchange for fulfilling one or more performance obligations. We identify purchase orders from customers as contracts. The amount of consideration expected to be received and revenue recognized includes estimates of variable consideration, including estimates for early payment discounts and volume rebates. Such estimates are calculated using historical averages adjusted for any expected changes due to current business conditions and experience. We review and update these estimates at the end of each reporting period and the impact of any adjustments is recognized in the period the adjustments are identified. In assessing whether collection of consideration from a customer is probable, we consider both the customer's ability and intent to pay that amount of consideration when it is due. Payment of invoices is due as specified in the underlying customer agreement, which is typically 30 days from the invoice date. Invoices are generally issued on the date of transfer of control of the products ordered to the customer.

Revenue is recognized at the point in time that each of our performance obligation is fulfilled, and control of the ordered products is transferred to the customer. This transfer occurs when the product is shipped, or in some cases, when the product is delivered to the customer.

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We provide early payment discounts to certain customers. Based on historical payment trends, we expect that these customers will take advantage of these early payment discounts. The cost of these discounts is reported as a reduction to the transaction price. If the actual discounts differ from those estimated, the difference is also reported as a change in the transaction price.

Except for product defects, no right of return exists on the sale of our products. We estimate returns based on historical experience and recognize a returns liability for any estimated returns. As of June 30, 2020, we have no known returns liability.

On August 7, 2017, we entered into three agreements (“Agreements”), with The Juice Plus+ Company LLC (“Juice Plus+”). The Agreements are an Exclusive Manufacturing Agreement, a Restricted Stock Award Agreement, and an Irrevocable Proxy. Pursuant to the Exclusive Manufacturing Agreement, Juice Plus+ has granted us exclusive rights to manufacture and supply them with certain of their products within 24 countries where Juice Plus+ currently sells those products. Pursuant to the Restricted Stock Award Agreement, NAI granted 500,000 shares of NAI common stock to Juice Plus+, (the “Shares”), and Juice Plus+ agreed the Shares are subject to certain restrictions and risk of forfeiture. Pursuant to the Irrevocable Proxy, Juice Plus+ also granted the NAI Board of Directors the right to vote the Shares that remain subject to risk of forfeiture. Each of the Agreements is for a term of 5 years, and each may be terminated by either party only upon the occurrence of specified events.

On March 31, 2019, we amended our original agreements with Juice Plus+ and extended the term of the Exclusive Manufacturing Agreement through August 6, 2025. In addition, pursuant to that Amended and Restated Exclusive Manufacturing Agreement, Juice Plus+ returned 400,000 shares of restricted common stock in exchange for an annual cash sales discount. The expense associated with the return of those shares and the related cash discount granted to Juice Plus+ are each recorded as a reduction to sales. As a result of the amendment to the Exclusive Manufacturing Agreement, we made a one-time adjustment to reverse the expense associated with unvested shares that were returned as a result of the Amended and Restated Exclusive Manufacturing Agreement. Amounts associated with the new cash discount began to be recorded in our fourth quarter of fiscal 2019 and will be amortized ratably over the remaining life of the extended agreement based on the full value of the cash discount expected to be given over the same period. We recorded no “Non-Cash Sales Discount” and $1.6 million of “Cash Sales Discount” for the year ended June 30, 2020, which was recorded as a reduction to net sales. We recorded $82,000 of “Non-Cash Sales Discount” and $395,000 of “Cash Sales Discount” during the year ended June 30, 2019, with such amounts recorded as a reduction to net sales.

We currently own certain U.S. patents, and each patent’s corresponding foreign patent applications. All of these patents and patent rights relate to the ingredient known as beta-alanine marketed and sold under the CarnoSyn® and SR CarnoSyn® trade names. We recorded beta-alanine raw material sales and royalty and licensing income as a component of revenue in the amount of $12.6 million during fiscal 2020 and $16.7 million during fiscal 2019. These royalty income and raw material sale amounts resulted in royalty expense paid to the original patent holders from whom NAI acquired its patents and patent rights. We recognized royalty expense as a component of cost of goods sold in the amount of $544,000 during fiscal 2020 and $686,000 during fiscal 2019.

Cost of Goods Sold

Cost of goods sold includes raw material, labor, manufacturing overhead, and royalty expense.

Shipping and Handling Costs

We include fees earned on the shipment of our products to customers in sales and include costs incurred on the shipment of product to customers in costs of goods sold.

Research and Development Costs

As part of the services we provide to our private-label contract manufacturing customers, we may perform, but are not obligated to perform, certain research and development activities related to the development or improvement of their products. While our customers typically do not pay directly for this service, the cost of this service is included as a component of the price we charge to manufacture and deliver their products. We also direct and participate in clinical research studies, often in collaboration with scientists and research institutions, to validate the benefits of a product and provide scientific support for product claims and marketing initiatives.

Research and development costs are expensed when incurred. Our research and development expenses for the last two fiscal years ended June 30 were $1.8 million for fiscal 2020 and $1.8 million for fiscal 2019. These costs were included in selling, general and administrative expenses and cost of goods sold.

Advertising Costs

We expense the production costs of advertising the first time the advertising takes place. We incurred and expensed advertising costs in the amount of $1.4 million during the fiscal year ended June 30, 2020 and $1.6 million during fiscal 2019. These costs were included in selling, general and administrative expenses.

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Income Taxes

The Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (“CARES Act”) was enacted on March 27, 2020 in the United States. The CARES Act and related notices include several significant provisions, including delaying certain payroll tax payments, mandatory transition tax payments under the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (“TCJ Act”), and estimated income tax payments. We do not currently expect the CARES Act to have a material impact on our financial results, including on our annual estimated effective tax rate, or on our liquidity. We will continue to monitor and assess the impact of the CARES Act, and similar legislation in other countries, with respect to what impact such legislation may have on our business and financial results.

To determine our quarterly provision for income taxes, we use an estimated annual effective tax rate that is based on expected annual income, statutory tax rates and tax planning opportunities available in the various jurisdictions to which we are subject. Certain significant or unusual items are separately recognized as discrete items in the quarter in which they occur and can be a source of variability in the effective tax rate from quarter to quarter. We recognize interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions, if any, as an income tax expense.

Income taxes are accounted for under the asset and liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured and recorded using enacted tax rates for each of the jurisdictions in which we operate, and adjusted using the tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income or expense in the period that includes the enactment date.

We account for uncertain tax positions using the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold. It is our policy to establish reserves based on management’s assessment of exposure for certain positions taken in previously filed tax returns that may become payable upon audit by tax authorities. Our tax reserves are analyzed quarterly and adjustments are made as events occur that we believe warrant adjustments to the reserves. Our practice is to recognize interest and/or penalties related to income tax matters in income tax expense. As of June 30, 2020 and June 30, 2019, we did not record any tax liabilities for uncertain tax positions.

We record valuation allowances to reduce our deferred tax assets to an amount that we believe is more likely than not to be realized. In assessing the realizability of deferred tax assets, management considers whether it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will ultimately be realized based on whether future taxable income will be generated during the periods in which those temporary differences become deductible. During the year ended June 30, 2020, there was no change to our valuation allowance.

Stock-Based Compensation

We had an omnibus equity incentive plan that was approved by our Board of Directors effective October 15, 2009 and approved by our stockholders at the Annual Meeting of Stockholders held on November 30, 2009 ("2009 Plan"). Under the 2009 Plan, we granted nonqualified and incentive stock options and restricted stock grants to employees, non-employee directors and consultants. The 2009 Plan expired on October 15, 2019. The Board of Directors approved a new omnibus equity incentive plan effective October 15, 2019 (“2019 Plan”), subject to stockholder approval. However, the 2019 Plan was not approved by our stockholders and therefore did not become effective. We currently do not have an equity incentive plan but will be recording exercises and forfeitures under the 2009 Plan.

We estimate the fair value of stock option awards at the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option valuation model. The Black-Scholes option valuation model was developed for use in estimating the fair value of traded options that have no vesting restrictions and are fully transferable. Option valuation models require the use of highly subjective assumptions. Black-Scholes uses assumptions related to volatility, the risk-free interest rate, the dividend yield (which we assume to be zero, as we have not paid any cash dividends) and employee exercise behavior. Expected volatilities used in the model are based on the historical volatility of our stock price. The risk-free interest rate is derived from the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect in the period of grant. The expected life of stock option grants is derived from historical experience. The fair value of restricted stock shares granted is based on the market price of our common stock on the date of grant. We amortize the estimated fair value of our stock awards to expense over the related vesting periods.

We recognize forfeitures as they occur.

We did not grant any options during fiscal 2020 or 2019.

No options were exercised during the fiscal year ended June 30, 2020, and 5,000 options were exercised during the fiscal year ended June 30, 2019. All remaining outstanding stock options are fully vested and all related compensation cost was fully recognized at June 30, 2014. No options vested during the fiscal years ended June 30, 2020 and June 30, 2019.

During fiscal 2020, we granted a total of 5,000 restricted stock shares to a new member of our management team pursuant to the 2009 Plan. During fiscal 2019, we granted a total of 190,000 restricted stock shares to the members of our Board of Directors and certain key members of our management team pursuant to the 2009 Plan. These restricted stock grants vest over three or five years from the date of grant and the unvested shares cannot be sold or otherwise transferred and the right to receive dividends, if declared by our Board of Directors, is forfeitable until the shares become vested. The total remaining unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested restricted stock shares amounted to $1.7 million at June 30, 2020 and the weighted average remaining requisite service period of unvested restricted stock shares was 1.3 years. The weighted average fair value of restricted stock shares granted during fiscal 2020 was $8.50 per share. The weighted average fair value of restricted stock shares granted during fiscal 2019 was $11.57 per share.

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Use of Estimates

Our management has made a number of estimates and assumptions relating to the reporting of assets and liabilities, revenue and expenses, and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities to prepare these consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP). Actual results could differ from those estimates and our assumptions may prove to be inaccurate.

COVID-19 Pandemic

The Company continues to monitor and evaluate the risks to public health and the impact on overall global business activity related to the COVID-19 pandemic, including potential impacts on our employees, customers, suppliers and financial results. As the situation remains fluid, it is difficult to predict the duration and scope of the pandemic and its impact on the Company’s business. However, it may result in a material adverse impact to the Company’s financial position, operations and cash flows if conditions persist or worsen.

Net (Loss) Income per Common Share

We compute basic net income per common share using the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period, and diluted net income per common share using the additional dilutive effect of all dilutive securities. The dilutive impact of stock options and restricted shares account for the additional weighted average shares of common stock outstanding for our diluted net income per common share computation. We calculated basic and diluted net income per common share as follows (in thousands, except per share data):

For the Years Ended June 30,

Numerator

Denominator

Basic weighted average common shares outstanding 6,695 6,809

Dilutive effect of stock options and restricted stock shares — 289

Diluted weighted average common shares outstanding 6,695 7,098

Basic net (loss) income per common share $ (0.25 ) $ 0.96

Diluted net (loss) income per common share $ (0.25 ) $ 0.92

In periods where we have a net loss, stock options and restricted stock are excluded from our calculation of diluted net (loss) income per common share, as their inclusion would have an antidilutive effect. We excluded shares related to stock options totaling 130,000 and restricted stock totaling 323,904 for the year ended June 30, 2020. We did not exclude shares related to options or restricted stock for the year ended June 30, 2019.

Concentrations of Credit Risk

Financial instruments that subject us to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents and accounts receivable. We place our cash and cash equivalents with highly rated financial institutions. Credit risk with respect to receivables is primarily concentrated with our two largest customers, whose receivable balances collectively represented 65.7% of gross accounts receivable at June 30, 2020 and 59.4% at June 30, 2019. As of June 30, 2020, we had a receivable balance of $3.3 million from a former contract manufacturing customer. We have recorded a bad debt reserve equal to 100% of this outstanding balance and thus did not reflect it in the percentages listed above.

Additionally, amounts due related to our beta-alanine raw material sales were 2.5% of gross accounts receivable at June 30, 2020 and 8.0% of gross accounts receivable at June 30, 2019. Concentrations of credit risk related to the remaining accounts receivable balances are limited due to the number of customers comprising our remaining customer base.

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B. Inventories

Inventories, net, consisted of the following at June 30 (in thousands):

The inventory reserve as of June 30, 2020, includes a reserve of $1.0 million related to one of our former customers, Kaged Muscle. We are working with this former customer to transition to a replacement manufacturer, including the transfer of inventory items we hold specific to this customer. However, due to the uncertainty regarding the future operations of this former customer, we recorded a reserve against inventory specific to this customer equal to the estimated net realizable value of those items. The inventory reserve as of June 30, 2019, includes a reserve of $686,000 related to our first generation SR CarnoSyn® powder.

C. Property and Equipment

Property and equipment consisted of the following at June 30 (dollars in thousands):

Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization (40,429 ) (37,032 )

Depreciation expense was approximately $4.0 million in fiscal 2020 and $3.5 million in fiscal 2019.

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D. Leases

On July 1, 2019, we adopted FASB Accounting Standards Codification, or ASC, Topic 842, Leases, or ASC 842, which requires the recognition of the right-of-use assets and related operating and finance lease liabilities on the balance sheet. As permitted by ASC 842, we elected the adoption date of July 1, 2019, which is the date of initial application. As a result, the consolidated balance sheet prior to July 1, 2019 was not restated and continues to be reported under ASC Topic 840, Leases, or ASC 840, which did not require the recognition of operating lease assets or liabilities on the balance sheet, and is not comparative. Under ASC 842, all leases are required to be recorded on the balance sheet and are classified as either operating leases or finance leases. The lease classification affects the expense recognition in the income statement. Operating lease expenses are recorded entirely in operating expenses. Finance lease charges are split, where amortization of the right-of-use asset is recorded in operating expenses and an implied interest component is recorded in interest expense. The expense recognition for operating leases and finance leases under ASC 842 is substantially consistent with ASC 840. As a result, there is no material difference in our results of operations presented in our Consolidated Statement of Income and Comprehensive (Loss) Income for each period presented.