Suburban Propane Partners LP SPH US Equity☆

ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following is a discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations, seen from our perspective, which should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included elsewhere in this Annual Report.

Executive Overview

The following are factors that regularly affect our operating results and financial condition. In addition, our business is subject to the risks and uncertainties described in Item 1A of this Annual Report. Management currently considers the following events, trends, and uncertainties to be most important to understanding our financial condition and operating performance:

Product Costs and Supply

The level of profitability in the retail propane, fuel oil, natural gas and electricity businesses is largely dependent on the difference between retail sales price and our costs to acquire and transport products. The unit cost of our products, particularly propane, fuel oil and natural gas, is subject to volatility as a result of supply and demand dynamics or other market conditions, including, but not limited to, economic and political factors impacting crude oil and natural gas supply or pricing. We enter into product supply contracts that are generally one-year agreements subject to annual renewal, and also purchase product on the open market. We attempt to reduce price risk by pricing product on a short-term basis. Our propane supply contracts typically provide for pricing based upon index formulas using the posted prices established at major supply points such as Mont Belvieu, Texas, or Conway, Kansas (plus transportation costs) at the time of delivery.

To supplement our annual purchase requirements, we may utilize forward fixed price purchase contracts to acquire a portion of the propane that we resell to our customers, which allows us to manage our exposure to unfavorable changes in commodity prices and to assure adequate physical supply. The percentage of contract purchases, and the amount of supply contracted for under forward contracts at fixed prices, will vary from year to year based on market conditions.

Changes in our costs to acquire and transport products can occur rapidly over a short period of time and can impact profitability. There is no assurance that we will be able to pass on product acquisition and transportation cost increases fully or immediately, particularly when such costs increase rapidly. Therefore, average retail sales prices can vary significantly from year to year as our costs fluctuate with the propane, fuel oil, crude oil and natural gas commodity markets and infrastructure conditions. In addition, periods of sustained higher commodity and/or transportation prices can lead to customer conservation, resulting in reduced demand for our product.

During fiscal 2024, the wholesale cost of propane generally trended lower than the prior year during the first half of the year, but generally trended higher than the prior year during the second half, resulting in average wholesale costs for the full year being essentially flat. Consistent with our established practice, we adjusted customer pricing as market conditions allowed. According to the Energy Information Administration, U.S. propane inventory levels at the end of September 2024 were 97.8 million barrels, which was 3.6% less than September 2023 levels and 5.5% more than the five-year average for September.

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Seasonality

The retail propane and fuel oil distribution businesses, as well as the retail natural gas marketing business, are seasonal because these fuels are primarily used for heating in residential and commercial buildings. Historically, approximately two‐thirds of our retail propane volume is sold during the six-month peak heating season from October through March. The fuel oil business tends to experience greater seasonality given its more limited use for space heating and approximately three-fourths of our fuel oil volumes are sold between October and March. Consequently, sales and operating profits are concentrated in our first and second fiscal quarters. Cash flows from operations, therefore, are greatest during the second and third fiscal quarters when customers pay for product purchased during the winter heating season. We expect lower operating profits and either net losses or lower net income during the period from April through September (our third and fourth fiscal quarters). To the extent necessary, we will reserve cash from the second and third quarters for distribution to holders of our Common Units in the fourth quarter and the following fiscal year first quarter.

Weather

Weather conditions have a significant impact on the demand for our products, in particular propane, fuel oil and natural gas, for both heating and agricultural purposes. Many of our customers rely heavily on propane, fuel oil or natural gas as a heating source. Accordingly, the volume sold is directly affected by the severity of the winter weather in our service areas, which can vary substantially from year to year. In any given area, sustained warmer than normal temperatures will tend to result in reduced propane, fuel oil and natural gas consumption, while sustained colder than normal temperatures will tend to result in greater consumption.

Hedging and Risk Management Activities

We engage in hedging and risk management activities to reduce the effect of price volatility on our product costs and to ensure the availability of product during periods of short supply. We enter into propane forward, options and swap agreements with third parties, and use futures and options contracts traded on the New York Mercantile Exchange (“NYMEX”) to purchase and sell propane, fuel oil, crude oil, natural gas and electricity at fixed prices in the future. The majority of the futures, forward and options agreements are used to hedge price risk associated with propane and fuel oil physical inventory, as well as, in certain instances, forecasted purchases of propane or fuel oil. In addition, we sell propane, fuel oil, natural gas and electricity to customers at fixed prices, and enter into derivative instruments to hedge a portion of our exposure to fluctuations in commodity prices as a result of selling the fixed price contracts. Forward contracts are generally settled physically at the expiration of the contract whereas futures, options and swap contracts are generally settled at the expiration of the contract through a net settlement mechanism. Although we use derivative instruments to reduce the effect of price volatility associated with priced physical inventory and forecasted transactions, we do not use derivative instruments for speculative trading purposes. Risk management activities are monitored by an internal Commodity Risk Management Committee, made up of six members of management and reporting to our Audit Committee, through enforcement of our Hedging and Risk Management Policy.

Inflation and Other Cost Increases

We are experiencing increased inflation in the costs of various goods and services we use to operate our business, including volatile wholesale costs for the products we distribute. Although we have not experienced significant disruptions with securing the products we sell, inflationary factors and competition for resources across the supply chain has resulted in increased costs in a wide variety of areas, including labor, transportation costs, operating costs and the cost of capital expansion projects, tanks and other equipment. These and other factors may continue to impact our product costs, expenses, and capital expenditures, and could continue to have an impact on consumer demand as consumers manage the impact of inflation on their resources.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Our significant accounting policies are summarized in Note 2, “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” included within the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements section elsewhere in this Annual Report.

Certain amounts included in or affecting our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures must be estimated, requiring management to make certain assumptions with respect to values or conditions that cannot be known with certainty at the time the financial statements are prepared. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“US GAAP”) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. We are also subject to risks and uncertainties that may cause actual results to differ from estimated results. Estimates are used when accounting for depreciation and amortization of long-lived assets, employee benefit plans, self-insurance and litigation reserves, environmental reserves, allowances for doubtful accounts, asset valuation assessments and valuation of derivative instruments. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions

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that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Any effects on our business, financial position or results of operations resulting from revisions to these estimates are recorded in the period in which the facts that give rise to the revision become known to us. Management has reviewed these critical accounting estimates and related disclosures with the Audit Committee of our Board of Supervisors. We believe that the following are our critical accounting estimates:

Allowances for Doubtful Accounts. We maintain allowances for doubtful accounts for estimated losses resulting from the inability of our customers to make required payments. We estimate our allowances for doubtful accounts using a specific reserve for known or anticipated uncollectible accounts, as well as an estimated reserve for potential future uncollectible accounts taking into consideration our historical write-offs. If the financial condition of one or more of our customers were to deteriorate resulting in an impairment in their ability to make payments, additional allowances could be required. As a result of our large and diverse customer base, which is comprised of approximately 1.0 million customers, no individual customer account is material. Therefore, while some variation to actual results occurs, historically such variability has not been material. Schedule II, Valuation and Qualifying Accounts, provides a summary of the changes in our allowances for doubtful accounts during the period.

Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits. We estimate the rate of return on plan assets, the discount rate used to estimate the present value of future benefit obligations and the expected cost of future health care benefits in determining our annual pension and other postretirement benefit costs. We use the Society of Actuaries’ mortality scale (MP-2021) and other actuarial life expectancy information when developing the annual mortality assumptions for our pension and postretirement benefit plans, which are used to measure net periodic benefit costs and the obligation under these plans. While we believe that our assumptions are appropriate, significant differences in our actual experience or significant changes in market conditions may materially affect our pension and other postretirement benefit obligations and our future expense.

We contribute to multi-employer pension plans (“MEPPs”) in accordance with various collective bargaining agreements covering union employees. As one of the many participating employers in these MEPPs, we are responsible with the other participating employers for any plan underfunding. Due to the uncertainty regarding future factors that could impact the withdrawal liability, we are unable to determine the timing of the payment of the future withdrawal liability, or additional future withdrawal liability, if any.

Accrued Insurance. Our accrued insurance represents the estimated costs of known and anticipated or unasserted claims for incidents related to general and product, workers’ compensation and automobile liabilities. For each claim, we record a provision up to the estimated amount of the probable claim utilizing actuarially determined loss development factors applied to actual claims data. Our insurance provisions are susceptible to change to the extent that actual claims development differs from historical claims development. We maintain insurance coverage wherein our net exposure for insured claims is limited to the insurance deductible, claims above which are paid by our insurance carriers. For the portion of our estimated insurance liability that exceeds our deductibles, we record an asset related to the amount of the liability expected to be paid by the insurance companies. Historically, we have not experienced significant variability in our actuarial estimates for claims incurred but not reported. Accrued insurance provisions for reported claims are reviewed at least quarterly, and our assessment of whether a loss is probable and/or reasonably estimable is updated as necessary. Due to the inherently uncertain nature of, in particular, product liability claims, the ultimate loss may differ materially from our estimates. However, because of the nature of our insurance arrangements, those material variations historically have not, nor are they expected in the future to have, a material impact on our results of operations or financial position.

Loss Contingencies. In the normal course of business, we are involved in various claims and legal proceedings. We record a liability for such matters when it is probable that a loss has been incurred and the amounts can be reasonably estimated. The liability includes probable and estimable legal costs to the point in the legal matter where we believe a conclusion to the matter will be reached. When only a range of possible loss can be established, the most probable amount in the range is accrued. If no amount within this range is a better estimate than any other amount within the range, the minimum amount in the range is accrued.

Fair Values of Acquired Assets and Liabilities. From time to time, we enter into material business combinations. In accordance with accounting guidance associated with business combinations, the assets acquired and liabilities assumed are recorded at their estimated fair value as of the acquisition date. Fair values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed are based upon available information and may involve us engaging an independent third party to perform an appraisal. Estimating fair values can be complex and subject to significant business judgment. Estimates most commonly impact property, plant and equipment and intangible assets, including goodwill. Generally, we have, if necessary, up to one year from the acquisition date to finalize our estimates of acquisition date fair values.

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Results of Operations and Financial Condition

Fiscal year 2024 included 52 weeks of operations compared to 53 weeks reported in the prior year.

Net income for fiscal 2024 was $74.2 million, or $1.15 per Common Unit, compared to $123.8 million, or $1.94 per Common Unit, in fiscal 2023.

Adjusted earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization (Adjusted EBITDA, as defined and reconciled below) was $250.0 million for fiscal 2024, compared to $275.0 million in the prior year.

Retail propane gallons sold in fiscal 2024 of 378.3 million gallons decreased 4.6% compared to the prior year, primarily due to unseasonably warm and inconsistent temperatures throughout the heating season, particularly during the most critical months (December through February) for heat-related demand, with only a brief burst of extremely cold temperatures in mid-January. In addition, the additional week of operations in the prior fiscal year accounted for approximately 5.5 million gallons of the year-over-year decline in volumes. Average temperatures (as measured by heating degree days) across all of our service territories for fiscal 2024 were 10% warmer than normal and 2% warmer than the prior year.

Average propane prices (basis Mont Belvieu, Texas) for fiscal 2024 were flat compared to the prior year. Total gross margins of $805.0 million in fiscal 2024 decreased $34.1 million, or 4.1%, compared to the prior year. Gross margins included unrealized losses attributable to the mark-to-market adjustment for derivative instruments used in risk management activities of $14.6 million and $3.7 million in fiscal 2024 and fiscal 2023, respectively. These non-cash adjustments, which were reported in cost of products sold, were excluded from Adjusted EBITDA for both periods. Excluding the impact of the unrealized mark-to-market adjustments, gross margin for fiscal 2024 decreased $23.2 million, or 2.7%, compared to the prior year, primarily due to lower propane volumes sold, partially offset by higher propane unit margins and higher margin contribution from the RNG operations. Excluding the impact of the unrealized mark-to-market adjustments, propane unit margins for fiscal 2024 increased $0.02 per gallon, or 1.3%, compared to the prior year.

Combined operating and general and administrative expenses of $566.8 million for fiscal 2024 decreased $2.9 million, or 0.5%, compared to the prior year. Pension settlement charges of $0.6 million reported in operating expenses during fiscal 2024, and acquisition-related costs of $4.7 million reported within general and administrative expenses during fiscal 2023 were excluded from Adjusted EBITDA. Excluding these items, combined operating and general administrative expenses increased $1.2 million, or 0.2%, compared to the prior year, primarily due to higher payroll and benefit-related costs, and higher self-insurance costs, substantially offset by lower volume-related variable operating costs and lower variable compensation.

In addition to mitigating the effects of unseasonably warm temperatures during the peak winter heating months with strong selling price management and controlling expenses, we succeeded in accomplishing a number of significant goals in fiscal 2024 as we continued to execute on our long-term strategic growth initiatives. The following highlights a few noteworthy accomplishments for fiscal 2024:

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We acquired three well-run retail propane businesses in Florida, Nevada and Texas for total consideration of $14.3 million during fiscal 2024; and in early fiscal 2025, we acquired a high-quality propane business that expanded our service territories in New Mexico and Arizona for total consideration of $53 million;

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We continued to foster the growth of our green market expansion efforts, and increased the number of active expansions in different parts of the country from nine in fiscal 2023 to eighteen in fiscal 2024;

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We made additional investments in Oberon Fuels, Inc. (“Oberon”) to support the commercialization of rDME as a blend with propane or as a precursor to hydrogen production. We are the only retailer in the United States delivering low carbon Propane+rDME, which we are currently delivering at a 4% blend level to certain forklift customers in southern California, while also seeing successful test results at a 10% blend level;

•

We deployed capital to enhance the efficiency and operating performance of our RNG production facility in Stanfield, Arizona, which resulted in increased RNG production levels – reaching a daily peak of 1,535 MMBtu. RNG injection for the fiscal year averaged 1,049 MMBtu per day, representing an increase of 20% compared to the prior year;

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We deployed $14.0 million of growth capital expenditures for the installation of RNG upgrade equipment at our Columbus, Ohio facility, and advanced engineering and construction activities for our anaerobic digester in upstate New York;

•

We continued to focus on our renewable energy platform, part of which is to offer a lower carbon renewable propane alternative for customers to maintain their existing propane infrastructure, while lowering their overall carbon footprint. We secured additional contracts for incremental renewable propane gallons as they come online in 2025; and

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•

We also received outside recognition for outstanding performance on a number of fronts:

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We were recognized as a Top Company for Women to Work in Transportation by the Women in Trucking Association for our culture that fosters gender diversity and career development opportunities;

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For the second year in a row, we were named one of the Best Employers for Veterans for 2024 by Military Times in recognition of our commitment to supporting service members, veterans, and their families;

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For the fourth year in a row, we are one of ten finalists in the Energy Transition – liquid gases category of the S&P Global Energy Awards for our strategic investments in renewable energy; and

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Our SuburbanCares platform has received several prestigious awards; including as a finalist in the Corporate Impact category of the S&P Global Energy Awards for the fourth time in five years.

Total debt outstanding as of September 2024 increased $19.0 million compared to September 2023. The Consolidated Leverage Ratio, as defined in our credit agreement, for fiscal 2024 was 4.76x.

On October 24, 2024, we announced that our Board of Supervisors declared a quarterly distribution of $0.325 per Common Unit for the three months ended September 28, 2024. This quarterly distribution rate equates to an annualized rate of $1.30 per Common Unit. The distribution was paid on November 12, 2024 to Common Unitholders of record as of November 5, 2024.

As we look ahead to fiscal 2025, our anticipated cash requirements include: (i) maintenance and growth capital expenditures of approximately $40.0 million for the propane segment; (ii) capital expenditures of approximately $39.5 million to support the construction and development efforts for our renewable energy platform; (iii) approximately $74.2 million of interest and income tax payments; and (iv) approximately $83.9 million of distributions to Unitholders, based on the current annualized rate of $1.30 per Common Unit. Based on our liquidity position, which includes availability of funds under the revolving credit facility and expected cash flow from operating activities, we expect to have sufficient funds to meet our current and future obligations.

Our RNG production facilities are diversified across feedstocks, geographies and revenue streams, and complements Suburban Renewable Energy’s ongoing activity to construct, own and operate an RNG facility at Adirondack Farms in upstate New York. The RNG Acquisition in fiscal 2023 enhanced and increases Suburban Renewable Energy’s presence in RNG production and distribution. RNG can be produced from multiple organic waste streams, including agricultural and food waste, helping to reduce methane emissions, while offering a lower carbon solution as a drop-in replacement for traditional natural gas. This scalable platform complements our existing portfolio of renewable energy assets, both as a stand-alone RNG distributor, or using RNG as a pathway to hydrogen or rDME production. Suburban Propane has a proud legacy of being a trusted provider of energy to local communities for more than 95 years. Leveraging the strength and stability of our core propane business, we are positioning ourselves for sustainable long-term growth by investing in the clean energy economy of the future as society transitions to lower carbon alternatives, while also fostering the growth of our core propane business.

Fiscal Year 2024 Compared to Fiscal Year 2023

Revenues

(Dollars and gallons in thousands) Percent

Fiscal Fiscal Increase Increase

Revenues

Retail gallons sold

As discussed above, average temperatures (as measured in heating degree days) across all of our service territories for fiscal 2024 were 10% warmer than normal, and 2% warmer than the prior year. The fiscal 2024 heating season was characterized by an inconsistent weather pattern and unseasonably warm temperatures throughout much of our service territories, particularly during the most critical winter months (December through February) for heat-related demand, with only a brief burst of cooler weather in mid-January. Following these inconsistent weather patterns and a lack of sustained cool temperatures during the winter, unseasonably warm

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weather continued into the spring season. The unseasonably warm and inconsistent weather pattern during much of fiscal 2024 adversely impacted heat-related demand.

Revenues from the distribution of propane and related activities of $1,150.0 million for fiscal 2024 decreased $82.1 million, or 6.7%, compared to $1,232.1 million for the prior year, primarily due to lower volumes sold and lower average retail selling prices associated with lower wholesale costs. Retail propane gallons sold decreased 18.1 million gallons, or 4.6%, to 378.3 million gallons, resulting in a decrease in revenues of $55.8 million. The additional week of operations in the prior fiscal year accounted for approximately 5.5 million gallons of the year-over-year decline in volumes. Average propane selling prices for fiscal 2024 decreased 2.2% compared to the prior year, reflecting lower average wholesale costs, resulting in a $25.1 million decrease in revenues. Included within the propane segment are revenues from risk management activities of $11.5 million for fiscal 2024, which decreased $1.2 million primarily due to a lower notional amount of hedging contracts used in risk management activities that were settled physically.

Revenues from the distribution of fuel oil and refined fuels of $73.8 million for fiscal 2024 decreased $18.3 million, or 19.9%, from $92.1 million for the prior year, primarily due to lower volumes sold and lower average selling prices. Fuel oil and refined fuels gallons sold decreased 2.2 million gallons, or 11.7%, resulting in a $10.7 million decrease in revenues. Average selling prices for fuel oil and refined fuels decreased 9.9%, resulting in a $7.6 million decrease in revenues.

Revenues in our natural gas and electricity segment decreased $5.3 million, or 17.0%, to $25.9 million in fiscal 2024 compared to $31.2 million in the prior year, resulting from lower volumes sold, primarily due to the impact of warmer weather and a lower customer base, coupled with lower natural gas selling prices (reflective of lower average wholesale costs).

Revenues in our all other segment of $77.5 million were $3.7 million, or 5.0%, higher than in the prior year, primarily due to the full year impact of the RNG Acquisition which closed at the beginning of our fiscal 2023 second quarter. Revenues from the RNG business primarily consist of sales of RNG and the associated environmental attributes, tipping fees charged to third parties for various waste feedstocks and sales of digestate which is a byproduct of the anaerobic digestion process.

Cost of Products Sold

(Dollars in thousands)

Fiscal Fiscal Percent

Cost of products sold

As a percent of total revenues 39.3 % 41.3 %

The cost of products sold reported in the consolidated statements of operations represents the weighted average unit cost of propane, fuel oil and refined fuels, and natural gas and electricity sold, including transportation costs to deliver product from our supply points to storage or to our customer service centers. Cost of products sold also includes the cost of appliances and related parts sold or installed by our customer service centers computed on a basis that approximates the average cost of the products.

Given the retail nature of our operations, we maintain a certain level of priced physical inventory to help ensure that our field operations have adequate supply commensurate with the time of year. Our strategy has been, and will continue to be, to keep our physical inventory priced relatively close to market for our field operations. Consistent with past practices, we principally utilize futures and/or options contracts traded on the NYMEX to mitigate the price risk associated with our priced physical inventory, as well as, in certain instances, forecasted purchases of propane, fuel oil, natural gas and electricity. In addition, we sell propane, fuel oil, natural gas and electricity to customers at fixed prices, and enter into derivative instruments to hedge a portion of our exposure to fluctuations in commodity prices as a result of selling the fixed price contracts. At expiration, the derivative contracts are settled by the delivery of the product to the respective party or are settled by the payment to the respective party of a net amount equal to the difference between the then market price and the fixed contract price or option exercise price. Under this risk management strategy, realized gains or losses on futures or options contracts, which are reported in cost of products sold, will typically offset losses or gains on the physical inventory once the product is sold or delivered as it pertains to fixed price contracts (which may or may not occur in the same accounting period). We do not use futures or options contracts, or other derivative instruments, for speculative trading purposes. Unrealized non-cash gains or losses from changes in the fair value of derivative instruments that are not designated as cash flow hedges are recorded within cost of products sold. Cost of products sold excludes depreciation and amortization; these amounts are reported separately within the consolidated statements of operations.

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From a commodity perspective, average posted propane prices (basis Mont Belvieu, Texas) and fuel oil prices during fiscal 2024 were 0.2% higher than the prior year and 13.2% lower than the prior year, respectively. The net change in the fair value of derivative instruments during the fiscal year resulted in unrealized non-cash losses of $14.6 million and $3.7 million reported in cost of products sold in fiscal 2024 and 2023, respectively, resulting in a year-over-year increase of $10.9 million in cost of products sold, all of which was reported in the propane segment.

Cost of products sold associated with the distribution of propane and related activities of $443.6 million for fiscal 2024 decreased $46.2 million, or 9.4%, compared to the prior year. Lower average wholesale costs during much of fiscal 2024 contributed to a $29.6 million decrease in cost of products sold, while lower volumes sold contributed to a $21.3 million decrease. Included within the propane segment are costs from other propane activities which decreased $6.2 million compared to the prior year primarily due to a lower notional amount of hedging contracts used in risk management activities that were settled physically, as well as the net increase of $10.9 million resulting from the mark-to-market adjustments on derivative instruments in both periods discussed above.

Cost of products sold associated with our fuel oil and refined fuels segment of $49.7 million for fiscal 2024 decreased $15.9 million, or 24.2%, compared to the prior year. Lower average wholesale costs and lower volumes sold contributed decreases of $8.5 million and $7.4 million, respectively.

Cost of products sold in our natural gas and electricity segment of $13.8 million for fiscal 2024 decreased $5.3 million, or 27.8%, compared to the prior year, due to lower average wholesale costs, as well as lower usage from warmer weather and a lower customer base.

Operating Expenses

(Dollars in thousands)

Fiscal Fiscal Percent

As a percent of total revenues 35.9 % 33.4 %

All costs of operating our retail distribution and appliance sales and service operations, as well as the RNG production facilities, are reported within operating expenses in the consolidated statements of operations. These operating expenses include the compensation and benefits of field and direct operating support personnel, costs of operating and maintaining our vehicle fleet, overhead and other costs of our purchasing, training and safety departments and other direct and indirect costs of operating our customer service centers and RNG production facilities.

Operating expenses of $476.9 million for fiscal 2024 decreased $1.2 million, or 0.3%, compared to $478.1 million in the prior year, primarily due to lower volume-related variable operating costs, lower variable compensation and one less week of operations in fiscal 2024, partially offset by higher self-insurance costs and a full year of operating costs associated with our RNG production facilities that were acquired during fiscal 2023.

General and Administrative Expenses

(Dollars in thousands)

Fiscal Fiscal Percent

As a percent of total revenues 6.8 % 6.4 %

All costs of our back office support functions, including compensation and benefits for executives and other support functions, as well as other costs and expenses to maintain finance and accounting, treasury, legal, human resources, corporate development and the information systems functions are reported within general and administrative expenses in the consolidated statements of operations.

General and administrative expenses of $89.9 million for fiscal 2024 decreased $1.7 million, or 1.8%, compared to $91.6 million in the prior year, primarily due to $4.7 million in professional fees and expenses incurred last year related to our RNG Acquisition, as well as lower variable compensation and one less week in fiscal 2024, offset to an extent by higher payroll and benefit related costs and other inflationary increases.

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Depreciation and Amortization

(Dollars in thousands)

Fiscal Fiscal Percent

As a percent of total revenues 5.0 % 4.4 %

Depreciation and amortization expense of $67.0 million in fiscal 2024 increased $4.4 million, or 7.0%, from $62.6 million in the prior year, primarily as a result of depreciation and amortization from the tangible and intangible assets from the RNG Acquisition at the beginning of our second quarter of the prior year, partially offset by one less week in fiscal 2024.

Interest Expense, net

(Dollars in thousands)

Fiscal Fiscal Percent

As a percent of total revenues 5.6 % 5.1 %

Net interest expense of $74.6 million for fiscal 2024 increased $1.2 million, or 1.6%, from $73.4 million in the prior year, primarily due to the impact of higher benchmark interest rates for borrowings under our Revolving Credit Facility and a higher average level of outstanding borrowings under that facility to fund the RNG Acquisition, as well as the impact of $80.6 million in Green Bonds assumed in the RNG Acquisition. This was all partially offset by one less week in fiscal 2024. See Liquidity and Capital Resources below for additional discussion.

Loss on Debt Extinguishment

In connection with the refinancing of our previous revolving credit facility during the second quarter of fiscal 2024, we recognized a non-cash charge of $0.2 million to write-off a portion of unamortized debt origination costs.

Net Income and Adjusted EBITDA

Net income for fiscal 2024 amounted to $74.2 million, or $1.15 per Common Unit, compared to $123.8 million, or $1.94 per Common Unit, in fiscal 2023. Earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization (“EBITDA”) for fiscal 2024 amounted to $216.5 million, compared to $260.4 million for fiscal 2023.

Net income and EBITDA for fiscal 2024 included (i) a $18.1 million loss on our equity investments in unconsolidated affiliates; (ii) a $0.6 million pension settlement charge; and (iii) a $0.2 million loss on debt extinguishment. Net income and EBITDA for fiscal 2023 included (i) a $6.3 million loss on our equity investments in unconsolidated affiliates; and (ii) $4.7 million in professional fees and expenses related to the RNG Acquisition. Excluding the effects of these items, as well as the unrealized non-cash mark-to-market adjustments on derivative instruments in both years, Adjusted EBITDA decreased to $250.0 million for fiscal 2024, compared to Adjusted EBITDA of $275.0 million for fiscal 2023.

EBITDA represents net income before deducting interest expense, income taxes, depreciation and amortization. Adjusted EBITDA represents EBITDA excluding the unrealized net gain or loss on mark-to-market activity for derivative instruments and other items, as applicable, as provided in the table below. Our management uses EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA as supplemental measures of operating performance and we are including them because we believe that they provide our investors and industry analysts with additional information to evaluate our operating results. EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA are not recognized terms under US GAAP and should not be considered as an alternative to net income or net cash provided by operating activities determined in accordance with US GAAP. Because EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA as determined by us excludes some, but not all, items that affect net income, they may not be comparable to EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA or similarly titled measures used by other companies.

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The following table sets forth our calculations of EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA:

(Dollars in thousands) Year Ended

September 28, September 30,

Add:

Provision for income taxes 734 668

Unrealized non-cash losses on changes in fair value of derivatives 14,598 3,671

Equity in losses of unconsolidated affiliates 18,119 6,264

Pension settlement charge 638 —

Loss on debt extinguishment 215 —

Acquisition-related costs — 4,695

We also reference gross margins, computed as revenues less cost of products sold as those amounts are reported on the consolidated financial statements. Our management uses gross margin as a supplemental measure of operating performance and we are including it as we believe that it provides our investors and industry analysts with additional information that we determined is useful to evaluate our operating results. As cost of products sold does not include depreciation and amortization expense, the gross margin we reference is considered a non-GAAP financial measure.

Fiscal Year 2023 Compared to Fiscal Year 2022

We are omitting from this section our discussion of the earliest of the three years of financial information included in this Annual Report. The discussion for fiscal year 2023 compared to fiscal year 2022 can be found in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in Part II, Item 7 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2023, which was filed with the SEC on November 22, 2023.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Analysis of Cash Flows

Operating Activities. Net cash provided by operating activities for fiscal 2024 amounted to $160.6 million, a decrease of $64.7 million compared to the prior year. The decrease was primarily due to lower operating income and an increase in working capital compared to the prior year, which stemmed from a smaller decline in the wholesale cost of propane compared to the sharp decline in the prior year.

Investing Activities. Net cash used in investing activities of $81.6 million for fiscal 2024 consisted of capital expenditures of $59.4 million (including approximately $38.5 million to support the growth of operations and $20.9 million for maintenance expenditures), $12.9 million used in the acquisition of three retail propane businesses, $12.2 million used to fund additional investments in Oberon, IH and another privately held start-up entity, partially offset by approximately $2.9 million in proceeds from the sale of property, plant and equipment. See Part IV, Note 4 of this Annual Report in relation to these transactions.

Net cash used in investing activities of $170.6 million for fiscal 2023 consisted of the RNG Acquisition (net of cash acquired and Green Bonds assumed) of $108.3 million, capital expenditures of $44.9 million (including approximately $25.2 million to support the growth of operations and $19.7 million for maintenance expenditures), $7.5 million used in the acquisition of a retail propane business, a $3.1 million investment in a privately held start-up entity (plus direct transaction costs) and additional investments in Oberon, partially offset by approximately $4.4 million in proceeds from the sale of property, plant and equipment.

Financing Activities. Net cash used in financing activities of $72.5 million for fiscal 2024 reflected $83.1 million paid for the quarterly distributions to Common Unitholders at a rate of $0.325 per Common Unit paid in respect of the fourth quarter of fiscal 2023 and first three quarters of fiscal 2024, $19.0 million in net borrowings under our Revolving Credit Facility, which were used to fund the acquisitions and investments noted above, $3.7 million in debt origination costs related to the refinancing of our Credit Agreement in March 2024 and other financing activities of $4.7 million.

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Net cash used in financing activities of $44.6 million for fiscal 2023 reflected $82.4 million paid for the quarterly distributions to Common Unitholders at a rate of $0.325 per Common Unit paid in respect of the fourth quarter of fiscal 2022 and first three quarters of fiscal 2023, $42.4 million in net borrowings under our Revolving Credit Facility, which were used to fund the acquisitions and investments, and other financing activities of $4.6 million.

Summary of Long-Term Debt Obligations and Revolving Credit Lines

As of September 28, 2024, our long-term debt consisted of $350.0 million in aggregate principal amount of 5.875% Senior Notes due March 1, 2027, $650.0 million in aggregate principal amount of 5.0% Senior Notes due June 1, 2031, $80.6 million in aggregate principal amount of 5.5% Green Bonds due October 1, 2028 through October 1, 2033 and $151.0 million outstanding under our $500.0 million senior secured revolving credit facility (“Revolving Credit Facility”) provided by our credit agreement. See Part IV, Note 10 of this Annual Report.

The aggregate amounts of long-term debt maturities subsequent to September 28, 2024 are as follows: fiscal 2025: $-0-; fiscal 2026: $-0-; fiscal 2027: $501.0 million ; fiscal 2028: $-0-; fiscal 2029: $11.7 million ; and thereafter: $718.9 million.

Total Consolidated Leverage Ratio. Total Consolidated Leverage Ratio, as defined by our credit agreement, represents total indebtedness as of the balance sheet date minus unrestricted cash and cash equivalents in an amount not to exceed $25.0 million, divided by Adjusted EBITDA calculated on a trailing twelve-month basis plus non-cash compensation costs recognized under our Restricted Unit Plans for the same period, and other items. The measurement of the Total Consolidated Leverage Ratio for the fiscal years ended September 28, 2024 and September 30, 2023 was as follows:

(Dollars in thousands)

Fiscal Fiscal

Less: cash and cash equivalents (1) (3,219 )

Total debt, less cash and cash equivalents $ 1,228,426

Compensation costs recognized under Restricted Unit Plans 8,191 8,260

Total Consolidated Leverage Ratio 4.76 x 4.28 x

(1)

Effective with the execution of the Credit Agreement on March 15, 2024, total debt for the Total Consolidated Leverage Ratio covenant is net of unrestricted cash and cash equivalents in an amount not to exceed $25.0 million.

Partnership Distributions

We are required to make distributions in an amount equal to all of our Available Cash, as defined in our Third Amended and Restated Partnership Agreement, as amended (the “Partnership Agreement”), no more than 45 days after the end of each fiscal quarter to holders of record on the applicable record dates. Available Cash, as defined in the Partnership Agreement, generally means all cash on hand at the end of the respective fiscal quarter, less the amount of cash reserves established by the Board of Supervisors in its reasonable discretion for future cash requirements. These reserves are retained for the proper conduct of our business, the payment of debt principal and interest and for distributions during the next four quarters. The Board of Supervisors reviews the level of Available Cash on a quarterly basis based upon information provided by management.

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Pension Plan Assets and Obligations

We have a noncontributory defined benefit pension plan which was originally designed to cover all of our eligible employees who met certain requirements as to age and length of service. Effective January 1, 1998, we amended the defined benefit pension plan to provide benefits under a cash balance formula as compared to a final average pay formula which was in effect prior to January 1, 1998. Our defined benefit pension plan was frozen to new participants effective January 1, 2000 and, in furtherance of our effort to minimize future increases in our benefit obligations, effective January 1, 2003, all future service credits were eliminated. Therefore, eligible participants will receive interest credits only toward their ultimate defined benefit under the defined benefit pension plan. We made contribution payments to the defined benefit pension plan of $4.0 million, $4.0 million and $3.3 million in fiscal 2024, fiscal 2023 and fiscal 2022, respectively. As of September 28, 2024 and September 30, 2023, the plan’s projected benefit obligation exceeded the fair value of plan assets by $12.6 million and $18.0 million, respectively. The net liability recognized in the consolidated financial statements for the defined benefit pension plan decreased by $5.4 million during fiscal 2024, which was primarily attributable to the contributions made during the year, as well as the return on plan assets. During fiscal 2025, we expect to contribute approximately $4.0 million to the defined benefit pension plan.

Our investment policies and strategies, as set forth in the Investment Management Policy and Guidelines, are monitored by a Benefits Committee comprised of five members of management. The Benefits Committee employs a liability driven investment strategy, which seeks to increase the correlation of the plan’s assets and liabilities to reduce the volatility of the plan’s funded status. The execution of this strategy has resulted in an asset allocation that is largely comprised of fixed income securities. A liability driven investment strategy is intended to reduce investment risk and, over the long-term, generate returns on plan assets that largely fund the annual interest on the accumulated benefit obligation. For purposes of measuring the projected benefit obligation as of September 28, 2024 and September 30, 2023, we used a discount rate of 4.625% and 5.50%, respectively, reflecting current market rates for debt obligations of a similar duration to our pension obligations. With other assumptions held constant, an increase or decrease of 100 basis points in the discount rate would have an immaterial impact on net pension and postretirement benefit costs.

During fiscal 2024, lump sum pension settlement payments of $3.9 million exceeded the interest and service cost components of the net periodic pension cost of $3.2 million. As a result, we recorded a non-cash settlement charge of $0.6 million during fiscal 2024, in order to accelerate recognition of a portion of cumulative unamortized losses. Similarly, during fiscal 2022, lump sum pension settlement payments of $3.3 million exceeded the interest and service cost components of the net periodic pension cost of $2.2 million. As a result, we recorded a non-cash settlement charge of $0.8 million during fiscal 2022, also in order to accelerate recognition of a portion of cumulative unamortized losses. These unrecognized losses were previously accumulated as a reduction to partners’ capital and were being amortized to expense as part of our net periodic pension cost.

We also provide postretirement health care and life insurance benefits for certain retired employees. Partnership employees hired prior to July 1993 and who retired prior to March 1998 are eligible for postretirement health care and life insurance benefits if they reached a specified retirement age while working for the Partnership. Effective March 31, 1998, we froze participation in the postretirement health care benefit plan, with no new retirees eligible to participate in the plan. All active employees who were eligible to receive health care benefits under the postretirement plan subsequent to March 1, 1998, were provided an increase to their accumulated benefits under the cash balance pension plan. Our postretirement health care and life insurance benefit plans are unfunded. Effective January 1, 2006, we changed our postretirement health care plan from a self-insured program to one that is fully insured under which we pay a portion of the insurance premium on behalf of the eligible participants.

Contractual and Other Obligations

The following table summarizes payments due under our known contractual and other obligations as of September 28, 2024:

(Dollars in thousands)

Fiscal

Fiscal Fiscal Fiscal Fiscal Fiscal 2030 and

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(a)

Payments exclude costs associated with insurance, taxes and maintenance, which are not material to the operating lease obligations.

(b)

The timing of when payments are due for our self-insurance obligations is based on estimates that may differ from when actual payments are made. In addition, the payments do not reflect amounts to be recovered from our insurance providers, which amount to $3.3 million, $2.8 million, $2.2 million, $1.5 million, $0.8 million and $3.8 million for each of the next five fiscal years and thereafter, respectively, and are included in other assets on the consolidated balance sheet.

(c)

Amounts represent estimated funding contributions for our pension plan.

(d)

These amounts are included in our consolidated balance sheet and primarily include payments for postretirement and incentive benefits, as well as other contractual obligations.

Additionally, we have standby letters of credit in the aggregate amount of $30.9 million, in support of retention levels under our casualty insurance programs and certain lease obligations, which expire periodically through April 30, 2025.

Operating Leases

We lease certain property, plant and equipment for various periods under noncancelable operating leases, including 87% of our vehicle fleet, approximately 26% of our customer service centers and portions of our information systems equipment. Rental expense under operating leases was $44.3 million, $41.7 million and $41.0 million for fiscal 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Future minimum rental commitments under noncancelable operating lease agreements as of September 28, 2024 are presented in the table above.

Guarantees

Certain of our operating leases, primarily those for transportation equipment with remaining lease periods scheduled to expire periodically through fiscal 2032, contain residual value guarantee provisions. Under those provisions, we guarantee that the fair value of the equipment will equal or exceed the guaranteed amount upon completion of the lease period, or we will pay the lessor the difference between fair value and the guaranteed amount. Although the fair value of equipment at the end of its lease term has historically exceeded the guaranteed amounts, the maximum potential amount of aggregate future payments we could be required to make under these leasing arrangements, assuming the equipment is deemed worthless at the end of the lease term, was approximately $42.7 million. The fair value of residual value guarantees for outstanding operating leases was de minimis as of September 28, 2024 and September 30, 2023.

Recently Issued/Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

See Part IV, Note 2 of this Annual Report.

ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

Commodity Price Risk

We enter into product supply contracts that are generally one-year agreements subject to annual renewal, and also purchase product on the open market. Our propane supply contracts typically provide for pricing based upon index formulas using the posted prices established at major supply points such as Mont Belvieu, Texas, or Conway, Kansas (plus transportation costs) at the time of delivery. In addition, to supplement our annual purchase requirements, we may utilize forward fixed price purchase contracts to acquire a portion of the propane that we resell to our customers, which allows us to manage our exposure to unfavorable changes in commodity prices and to ensure adequate physical supply. The percentage of contract purchases, and the amount of supply contracted for under forward contracts at fixed prices, will vary from year to year based on market conditions. In certain instances, and when market conditions are favorable, we are able to purchase product under our supply arrangements at a discount to the market.

Product cost changes can occur rapidly over a short period of time and can impact profitability. We attempt to reduce commodity price risk by pricing product on a short-term basis. The level of priced, physical product maintained in storage facilities and at our customer service centers for immediate sale to our customers will vary depending on several factors, including, but not limited to, price, supply and demand dynamics for a given time of the year. Typically, our on hand priced position does not exceed more than four to eight weeks of our supply needs, depending on the time of the year. In the course of normal operations, we routinely enter into contracts such as forward priced physical contracts for the purchase or sale of propane and fuel oil that, under accounting rules for derivative instruments and hedging activities, qualify for and are designated as normal purchase or normal sale contracts. Such contracts are exempted from fair value accounting and are accounted for at the time product is purchased or sold under the related contract.

Under our hedging and risk management strategies, we enter into a combination of exchange-traded futures and options contracts and, in certain instances, over-the-counter options and swap contracts (collectively, “derivative instruments”) to manage the price risk associated with physical product and with future purchases of the commodities used in our operations, principally propane and fuel oil, as well as to help ensure the availability of product during periods of high demand. In addition, we sell propane, fuel oil, natural gas

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and electricity to customers at fixed prices, and enter into derivative instruments to hedge a portion of our exposure to fluctuations in commodity prices as a result of selling the fixed price contracts. We do not use derivative instruments for speculative or trading purposes. Futures and swap contracts require that we sell or acquire propane or fuel oil at a fixed price for delivery at fixed future dates. An option contract allows, but does not require, its holder to buy or sell propane or fuel oil at a specified price during a specified time period. However, the writer of an option contract must fulfill the obligation of the option contract, should the holder choose to exercise the option. At expiration, the contracts are settled by the delivery of the product to the respective party or are settled by the payment of a net amount equal to the difference between the then market price and the fixed contract price or option exercise price. To the extent that we utilize derivative instruments to manage exposure to commodity price risk and commodity prices move adversely in relation to the contracts, we could suffer losses on those derivative instruments when settled. Conversely, if prices move favorably, we could realize gains. Under our hedging and risk management strategy, realized gains or losses on derivative instruments will typically offset losses or gains on the physical inventory once the product is sold to customers at market prices, or delivered to customers as it pertains to fixed price contracts.

Futures are traded with brokers of the NYMEX and require daily cash settlements in margin accounts. Forward contracts are generally settled at the expiration of the contract term by physical delivery, and swap and options contracts are generally settled at expiration through a net settlement mechanism. Market risks associated with our derivative instruments are monitored daily for compliance with our Hedging and Risk Management Policy which includes volume limits for open positions. Open inventory positions are reviewed and managed daily as to exposures to changing market prices.

Credit Risk

Exchange-traded futures and options contracts are guaranteed by the NYMEX and, as a result, have minimal credit risk. We are subject to credit risk with over-the-counter forward, swap and options contracts to the extent the counterparties do not perform. We evaluate the financial condition of each counterparty with which we conduct business and establish credit limits to reduce exposure to the risk of non-performance by our counterparties.

Interest Rate Risk

A portion of our borrowings bear interest at prevailing interest rates based upon, at the Operating Partnership’s option, SOFR, plus an applicable margin or the base rate, defined as the higher of the Federal Funds Rate plus 1⁄2 of 1% or the agent bank’s prime rate, or SOFR plus 1%, plus the applicable margin. The applicable margin is dependent on the level of our total consolidated leverage (the total ratio of debt to consolidated EBITDA). Therefore, we are subject to interest rate risk on the variable component of the interest rate. From time to time, we enter into interest rate swap agreements to manage a part of our variable interest rate risk. The interest rate swaps are designated as cash flow hedges. Changes in the fair value of the interest rate swaps are recognized in other comprehensive income (“OCI”) until the hedged item is recognized in earnings. At September 28, 2024, we were not party to any interest rate swap agreement.

Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities

All of our derivative instruments are reported on the balance sheet at their fair values. On the date that derivative instruments are entered into, we make a determination as to whether the derivative instrument qualifies for designation as a hedge. Changes in the fair value of derivative instruments are recorded each period in current period earnings or OCI, depending on whether a derivative instrument is designated as a hedge and, if so, the type of hedge. For derivative instruments designated as cash flow hedges, we formally assess, both at the hedge contract’s inception and on an ongoing basis, whether the hedge contract is highly effective in offsetting changes in cash flows of hedged items. Changes in the fair value of derivative instruments designated as cash flow hedges are reported in OCI to the extent effective and reclassified into earnings during the same period in which the hedged item affects earnings. The mark-to-market gains or losses on ineffective portions of cash flow hedges are immediately recognized in earnings. Changes in the fair value of derivative instruments that are not designated as cash flow hedges, and that do not meet the normal purchase and normal sale exemption, are recorded in earnings as they occur. Cash flows associated with derivative instruments are reported as operating activities within the consolidated statement of cash flows.

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Sensitivity Analysis

In an effort to estimate our exposure to unfavorable market price changes in commodities related to our open positions under derivative instruments, we developed a model that incorporates the following data and assumptions:

a.

The fair value of open positions as of September 28, 2024.

b.

The market prices for the underlying commodities used to determine A. above were adjusted adversely by a hypothetical 10% change and compared to the fair value amounts in A. above to project the potential negative impact on earnings that would be recognized for the respective scenario.

Based on the sensitivity analysis described above, the hypothetical 10% adverse change in market prices for open derivative instruments as of September 28, 2024, indicates an increase in potential future net losses of $3.2 million. See also Item 7A of this Annual Report. The above hypothetical change does not reflect the worst case scenario. Actual results may be significantly different depending on market conditions and the composition of the open position portfolio.

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ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA

Our Consolidated Financial Statements and the Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm thereon listed on the accompanying Index to Financial Statements in Part IV, Item 15 (see page F-1) and the Supplemental Financial Information listed on the accompanying Index to Financial Statement Schedule in Part IV, Item 15 (see page S-1) are included herein.

Selected Quarterly Financial Data

Due to the seasonality of the retail propane, fuel oil and other refined fuel and natural gas businesses, our first and second quarter revenues and earnings are consistently greater than third and fourth quarter results. The following presents our selected quarterly financial data for the last two fiscal years (unaudited; in thousands, except per unit amounts).

FirstQuarter SecondQuarter ThirdQuarter FourthQuarter TotalYear

Cash provided by (used in):

Retail gallons sold

Cash provided by (used in):

Retail gallons sold

(a)

Basic net income (loss) per Common Unit is computed by dividing net income (loss) by the weighted average number of outstanding Common Units, and restricted units granted under the Restricted Unit Plans to retirement-eligible grantees. Computations of diluted net income per Common Unit are performed by dividing net income by the weighted average number of outstanding Common Units and unvested restricted units granted under our Restricted Unit Plans. Diluted loss per Common Unit for the periods where a net loss was reported does not include unvested restricted units granted under our Restricted Unit Plans as their effect would be anti-dilutive.

(b)

EBITDA represents net income before deducting interest expense, income taxes, depreciation and amortization. Adjusted EBITDA represents EBITDA excluding the unrealized net gain or loss on mark-to-market activity for derivative instruments and other items, as applicable, as provided in the table below. Our management uses EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA as supplemental

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measures of operating performance and we are including them because we believe that they provide our investors and industry analysts with additional information to evaluate our operating results. EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA are not recognized terms under US GAAP and should not be considered as an alternative to net income or net cash provided by operating activities determined in accordance with US GAAP. Because EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA as determined by us excludes some, but not all, items that affect net income, they may not be comparable to EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA or similarly titled measures used by other companies. The following table sets forth our calculations of EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA:

FirstQuarter SecondQuarter ThirdQuarter FourthQuarter TotalYear

Add:

Loss on debt extinguishment — 215 — — 215

Add:

ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE

None.

ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

The Partnership maintains disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”)) that are designed to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed in the Partnership’s filings and submissions under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the periods specified in the rules and forms of the SEC and that such information is accumulated and communicated to the Partnership’s management, including its principal executive officer and principal financial officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Before filing this Annual Report, the Partnership completed an evaluation under the supervision and with the participation of the Partnership’s management, including the Partnership’s principal executive officer and principal financial officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Partnership’s disclosure controls and procedures as of September 28, 2024. Based on this evaluation, the Partnership’s principal executive officer and principal financial officer concluded that as of September 28, 2024, such disclosure controls and procedures were effective to provide the reasonable assurance level described above.

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Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

There have not been any changes in the Partnership’s internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) of the Exchange Act) during the quarter ended September 28, 2024 that have materially affected or are reasonably likely to materially affect its internal control over financial reporting.

Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

Management of the Partnership is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting. The Partnership's internal control over financial reporting is designed to provide reasonable assurance as to the reliability of the Partnership's financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

The Partnership’s management has assessed the effectiveness of the Partnership’s internal control over financial reporting as of September 28, 2024. In making this assessment, the Partnership used the criteria established by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (“COSO”) in “Internal Control-Integrated Framework (2013).” These criteria are in the areas of control environment, risk assessment, control activities, information and communication, and monitoring. The Partnership's assessment included documenting, evaluating and testing the design and operating effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting.

Based on the Partnership’s assessment, as described above, management has concluded that, as of September 28, 2024, the Partnership’s internal control over financial reporting was effective.

Our independent registered public accounting firm, PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, issued an attestation report dated November 27, 2024 on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting, which is included herein.

ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION

During the fiscal quarter ended September 28, 2024, our supervisors and executive officers (as defined in Rule 16a-1 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended), adopted or terminated the following Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangements or non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangements (each as defined in Item 408(a) and (c) of Regulation S-K):

•

On August 13, 2024, Matthew J. Chanin, the Chairman of our Board of Supervisors and Chair of the Nominating/Governance Committee of our Board, entered into a Rule 10b5-1 Plan. Mr. Chanin’s plan provides for the sale of a maximum of 10,000 Common Units, and expires on May 30, 2025, or upon the earlier completion of all authorized transactions under the plan.

ITEM 9C. DISCLOSURE REGARDING FOREIGN JURISDICTIONS THAT PREVENT INSPECTIONS

None.

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PART III

ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND PARTNERSHIP GOVERNANCE

Partnership Management

Our Partnership Agreement provides that all management powers over our business and affairs are exclusively vested in our Board of Supervisors and, subject to the direction of the Board of Supervisors, our officers. No Unitholder has any management power over our business and affairs or actual or apparent authority to enter into contracts on behalf of or otherwise to bind the Partnership. Under the current Partnership Agreement, members of our Board of Supervisors are elected by the Unitholders for three-year terms.

All eight of our current Supervisors, namely Amy M. Adams, Matthew J. Chanin, Terence J. Connors, William M. Landuyt, Harold R. Logan Jr., Rommel M. Oates, Michael A. Stivala and Jane Swift, were elected to their current three-year terms at the Tri-Annual Meeting of our Unitholders held on May 21, 2024.

Three Supervisors, who are not officers or employees of the Partnership or its subsidiaries, currently serve on the Audit Committee with authority to review, approve or ratify, at the request of the Board of Supervisors, specific matters as to which the Board of Supervisors believes there may be a conflict of interest, or which may be required to be disclosed pursuant to Item 404(a) of Regulation S-K adopted by the SEC, in order to determine if the resolution or course of action in respect of such conflict proposed by the Board of Supervisors is fair and reasonable to us. Under the Partnership Agreement, any matter that receives the “Special Approval” of the Audit Committee (i.e., approval by a majority of the members of the Audit Committee) is conclusively deemed to be fair and reasonable to us, is deemed approved by all of our partners and shall not constitute a breach of the Partnership Agreement or any duty stated or implied by law or equity as long as the material facts known to the party having the potential conflict of interest regarding that matter were disclosed to the Audit Committee at the time it gave Special Approval. The Audit Committee also assists the Board of Supervisors in fulfilling its oversight responsibilities relating to (i) the integrity of the Partnership’s financial statements and internal control over financial reporting; (ii) the Partnership’s compliance with applicable laws, regulations and its code of conduct; (iii) the Partnership’s major financial risk exposure and the steps management has taken to monitor and mitigate such risks (including ESG, artificial intelligence and cybersecurity); (iv) review and approval of related person transactions; (v) the engagement, independence, qualifications and compensation of the internal audit function and independent registered public accounting firm; (vi) the performance of the internal audit function and the independent registered public accounting firm; and (vii) financial reporting and accounting complaints.

The Board of Supervisors has determined that all three current members of the Audit Committee, namely Messrs. Terence J. Connors (its Chair), William M. Landuyt and Rommel M. Oates, are independent and are audit committee financial experts within the meaning of the NYSE corporate governance listing standards and in accordance with Rule 10A-3 of the Exchange Act, Item 407 of Regulation S-K and the Partnership’s criteria for Supervisor independence (as discussed in Item 13, herein) as of the date of this Annual Report.

Mr. Matthew J. Chanin, Chairman of the Board, presides at regularly scheduled executive sessions of the non-management Supervisors, all of whom are independent, held as part of the regular meetings of the Board of Supervisors. Investors and other parties interested in communicating directly with the non-management Supervisors as a group may do so by writing to the Non-Management Members of the Board of Supervisors, c/o Company Secretary, Suburban Propane Partners, L.P., P.O. Box 206, Whippany, New Jersey 07981-0206.

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Board of Supervisors and Executive Officers of the Partnership

The following table sets forth certain information with respect to the members of the Board of Supervisors and our executive officers as of November 27, 2024. Officers are appointed by the Board of Supervisors for one‐year terms and Supervisors (other than those elected by the Board to fill vacancies) are elected by the Unitholders for three‐year terms.

Name Age Position With the Partnership

Michael A. Kuglin 54 Chief Financial Officer

Steven C. Boyd* 60 Chief Operating Officer

Alejandro Centeno 52 Senior Vice President – Operations

Neil E. Scanlon 59 Senior Vice President – Information Services

Daniel S. Bloomstein 51 Vice President, Controller and Chief Accounting Officer

Francesca Cleffi 54 Vice President – Human Resources

M. Douglas Dagan 45 Vice President, Strategic Initiatives – Renewable Energy

Elmer Dante 64 Vice President – Tax

A. Davin D’Ambrosio 60 Vice President and Treasurer

Bryon L. Koepke 52 Vice President – General Counsel and Secretary

Keith P. Onderdonk 60 Vice President – Operational Support

Craig Palleschi 44 Vice President – Renewable Natural Gas Operations

Nandini Sankara 45 Vice President – Marketing and Brand Strategy

Michael A. Schueler* 58 Vice President – Product Supply

Amy M. Adams 59 Member of the Board of Supervisors

William M. Landuyt 69 Member of the Board of Supervisors

Harold R. Logan, Jr. 80 Member of the Board of Supervisors

Rommel M. Oates 45 Member of the Board of Supervisors

* Retiring on January 1, 2025.

Mr. Stivala has served as our President since April 2014 and as our Chief Executive Officer since September 2014. Mr. Stivala has served as a Supervisor since November 2014. From November 2009 until March 2014 he was our Chief Financial Officer, and, before that, our Chief Financial Officer and Chief Accounting Officer since October 2007. Prior to that, he was our Controller and Chief Accounting Officer since May 2005 and Controller since December 2001. Before joining the Partnership, he held several positions with PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an international accounting firm, most recently as Senior Manager in the Assurance practice. Mr. Stivala currently serves on the Board of Directors of Independence Hydrogen Inc., in which we currently own a 25% equity stake; Nu:ionic Technologies Inc., in which we own a minority equity stake; and Oberon Fuels, Inc., in which we currently own a 38% equity stake. In addition, Mr. Stivala is the Chairperson of the New Jersey Regional Council of the American Red Cross and a member of the Global Industry Council of the World LPG Association.

Mr. Stivala’s qualifications to sit on our Board include his years of experience in the propane industry, including as our current President and Chief Executive Officer and, before that, as our Chief Financial Officer for seven years, which day-to-day leadership roles have provided him with intimate knowledge of our operations.

Mr. Kuglin has served as our Chief Financial Officer since September 2014, and was our Vice President – Finance and Chief Accounting Officer from April 2014 through September 2014, and served as our Chief Accounting Officer until November 2023. Prior to that, he served as our Vice President and Chief Accounting Officer since November 2011, our Controller and Chief Accounting Officer since November 2009 and our Controller since October 2007. For the eight years prior to joining the Partnership, he held several financial and managerial positions with Alcatel-Lucent, a global communications solutions provider. Prior to Alcatel-Lucent, Mr. Kuglin held several positions with the international accounting firm PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, most recently as Manager in the Assurance practice. Mr. Kuglin is a Certified Public Accountant and a member of the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants.

Mr. Steven Boyd has served as our Chief Operating Officer since October 2017 and before that was our Senior Vice President – Operations (September 2015-October 2017) and our Senior Vice President – Field Operations since April 2014. Previously he was our Vice President – Field Operations (formerly Vice President – Operations) since October 2008, our Southeast and Western Area Vice

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President since March 2007, Managing Director – Area Operations since November 2003 and Regional Manager – Northern California since May 1997. Mr. Steven Boyd held various managerial positions with predecessors of the Partnership from 1986 through 1996.

Mr. Brinkworth has served as our Senior Vice President – Product Supply, Purchasing & Logistics since April 2014 and was previously our Vice President – Product Supply (formerly Vice President – Supply) since May 2005. Mr. Brinkworth joined the Partnership in April 1997 after a nine-year career with Goldman Sachs and, since joining the Partnership, has served in various positions in the product supply area.

Mr. Centeno became our Senior Vice President – Operations in November 2024, after serving as our Vice President – Operations since August 2023. Prior to that, he was General Manager of our Midwest Region since June 2017. Prior to that, Mr. Centeno served as Region Operations Manager of our Mid-Atlantic Region since December 2015 and Area Sales and Business Development Manager since April 2014. Prior to joining the Partnership in July 2007 as a CSC Manager through our Professional Development Program, Mr. Centeno spent 13 years in various management roles in the retail industry.

Mr. Scanlon became our Senior Vice President – Information Services in April 2014, after serving as our Vice President – Information Services since November 2008. Prior to that, he served as our Assistant Vice President – Information Services since November 2007, Managing Director – Information Services from November 2002 to November 2007 and Director – Information Services from April 1997 until November 2002. Prior to joining the Partnership, Mr. Scanlon spent several years with JP Morgan & Co., most recently as Vice President – Corporate Systems and earlier held several positions with Andersen Consulting, an international systems consulting firm, most recently as Manager.

Mr. Bloomstein joined the Partnership as its Controller in April 2014 and was promoted to Vice President and Controller in October 2017. In November 2023, he was appointed Chief Accounting Officer. For the ten years prior to joining the Partnership, he held several executive financial and accounting positions with The Access Group, a network of professional services companies, and with Dow Jones & Company, Inc., a global news and financial information company. Mr. Bloomstein started his career with the international accounting firm PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, working his way to the level of Manager in the Assurance practice. Mr. Bloomstein is a Certified Public Accountant and a member of the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants.

Ms. Cleffi has served as our Vice President – Human Resources since November 2020. Prior to that appointment, she served as our Managing Director – Human Resources since June 2020 and before that she served as our Managing Director – Compensation, Talent Management and Operational Human Resources since October 2017. Prior to that, Ms. Cleffi served as our Director – Compensation and Talent Management from October 2007 to October 2017. Ms. Cleffi joined the Partnership’s corporate predecessor in October 1992 and has held various positions in the human resources area since that time.

Mr. Dagan has served as our Vice President, Strategic Initiatives – Renewable Energy since March 2021. Prior to joining the Partnership, he was a senior associate at the law firm of Bevan, Mosca, & Giuditta, P.C., and the Director of Public Affairs and Government Relations for the firm’s affiliate, bmgstrategies, since 2018. Prior to that, Mr. Dagan was engaged in the practice of law at the Law Practice of M. Douglas Dagan since 2013. Mr. Dagan’s practice over his career has focused on advising companies on the development of renewable energy projects, environmental management, advocating for environmental and renewable energy policies, and supporting climate change strategies and initiatives.

Mr. Dante has served as our Vice President – Tax since November 2024. Prior to that appointment, he was our Assistant Vice President – Tax since November 2007. Prior to that, he served as our Assistant Controller since November 2003. Prior to that, Mr. Dante served as Director of the Partnership’s Tax Department since June 1998 and in various other management positions within the Tax Department since joining the Partnership’s corporate predecessor in June 1989.

Mr. D’Ambrosio has served as our Treasurer since November 2002 and was promoted to Vice President in October 2007. He served as our Assistant Treasurer from October 2000 to November 2002 and as Director of Treasury Services from January 1998 to October 2000. Mr. D’Ambrosio joined the Partnership in May 1996 after ten years in the commercial banking industry.

Mr. Koepke has served as our Vice President – General Counsel and Secretary since October 2019, after serving as our Vice President – Deputy General Counsel and Assistant Secretary since March 2019. For the nineteen years prior to joining the Partnership, Mr. Koepke served as Senior Vice President, Chief Securities Counsel for Avis Budget Group, Inc., from October 2011 until joining the Partnership and prior to that as Corporate Counsel – Securities for Caterpillar Inc. and as a senior attorney advisor for the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. Mr. Koepke also serves as a member of the Board of Directors for the Association of Corporate Counsel New Jersey.

Mr. Onderdonk has served as our Vice President – Operational Support since November 2015 and before that was our Assistant Vice President – Financial Planning and Analysis since November 2013. Prior to that, he served as our Managing Director – Financial Planning and Analysis from November 2010 to November 2013. Mr. Onderdonk joined the Partnership in September 2001 after fourteen years in the consumer products industry.

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Mr. Palleschi has served as our Vice President – Renewable Natural Gas Operations since November 2023. Prior to that appointment, he was our Assistant Vice President – Renewable Natural Gas Operations since November 2022. Prior to that, Mr. Palleschi served as Director – Product Supply since 2020 and in various other management positions within the Partnership since joining the Partnership in 2006. Mr. Palleschi is also a founding member and President of the Sparta Benevolent Society, a non-profit organization located in Sparta, NJ.

Ms. Sankara has served as our Vice President – Marketing & Brand Strategy since November 2021 and before that was our Assistant Vice President – Marketing & Brand Strategy since May 2017. Prior to joining Suburban Propane, she held several leadership positions in her career, including Global Customer Experience, Market Intelligence, and Product Management with Sealed Air Corporation from September 2011 to December 2016. Prior to that, Ms. Sankara served as the Director and Head of Marketing & Brand with Aetna from April 2009 to September 2011. Ms. Sankara also served in several global marketing positions with Pitney Bowes from January 2001 to December 2009.

Mr. Schueler has served as our Vice President – Product Supply since October 2017 and before that was our Managing Director – Product Supply since November 2013. Mr. Schueler joined the Partnership as Director – Product Resources in July 2005 following a nine-year career at Public Service Enterprise Group and prior to that, eight years at Kraft Foods.

Mr. Chanin has served as a Supervisor since November 2012 and was elected as Chairman of the Board of Supervisors effective January 1, 2021. He was Senior Managing Director of Prudential Investment Management, a subsidiary of Prudential Financial, Inc., from 1996 until his retirement in January 2012, after which he continued to provide consulting services to Prudential until December 2016. He headed Prudential’s private fixed income business, chaired an internal committee responsible for strategic investing and was a principal in Prudential Capital Partners, the firm’s mezzanine investment business and, until October 2017, served as a Director of two private companies that were in the fund portfolios of Prudential Capital Partners.

Mr. Chanin’s qualifications to sit on our Board, and serve as Chairman of the Board and Chair of its Nominating/Governance Committee, include 35 years of investment experience with a focus on highly structured private placements in companies in a broad range of industries, with a particular focus on energy companies. He has previously served on the audit committee of a public company board and the compensation committee for a private company board. Mr. Chanin has earned an MBA and is a Chartered Financial Analyst.

Ms. Adams has served as a Supervisor since May 2023. Since March 2023, Ms. Adams has served as Vice President of Government Partnerships and Funding at Cummins Inc., where she focuses on private-public collaboration building in the zero emissions space. Prior to that, Ms. Adams served as Vice President, Fuel Cell and Hydrogen Technologies, overseeing Cummins’ hydrogen investments and partnerships. Ms. Adams has worked for Cummins Inc. since January 1995 and has served in several senior leadership positions within the company that enabled her to build an extensive background in emerging energy solutions, including hydrogen fuel cell and electrolyzer technologies, strategic growth and market development initiatives and launching new generations of emission solutions in Cummins’ global markets. Ms. Adams has led complex businesses on three continents, enabling her to build a truly global perspective. From 1988 to 1995, Ms. Adams served in various management positions within Ameritech Corporation (now known as AT&T Teleholdings Inc.). Since 2020, Ms. Adams has served on the Management Board of the Hydrogen Council, a global CEO-led initiative aimed at fostering the clean energy transition and from 2021-2023 she served as a co-chair of the Council. Ms. Adams also serves on the Board of the Fuel Cell and Hydrogen Energy Association (FCHEA). From 2018 until September 2024, Ms. Adams also served as a National Board Member for Girls Inc., a non-profit organization that encourages and mentors young women as they work to navigate economic, gender and social barriers.

Ms. Adams’ qualifications to sit on our Board include her extensive corporate experience and background in managing emerging energy solutions, including an extensive understanding of hydrogen-based technologies, which enables her to provide helpful insights to the Board in connection with its oversight of the Partnership’s renewable energy investments and assets and the Partnership’s strategic plans for developing its renewable energy platform.

Mr. Connors has served as a Supervisor since January 2017. Mr. Connors retired in September 2015 from KPMG LLP after nearly forty years in public accounting. Prior to joining KPMG in 2002, he was a partner with another large international accounting firm. During his career, he served as a senior audit and global lead partner for numerous public companies, including Fortune 500 companies. At KPMG, he was a professional practice partner, SEC Reviewing Partner and was elected to serve as a member of KPMG’s board of directors (2011-2015), where he chaired the Audit, Finance & Operations Committee. Mr. Connors currently serves as a director and audit committee chair of FS Credit Real Estate Income Trust, Inc., a commercial mortgage nontraded real estate investment trust, and AdaptHealth Corp., a leading provider of home healthcare equipment and services in the United States. He previously served as a director and audit committee chair of Cardone Industries, Inc., one of the largest privately-held automotive parts remanufacturers in the world.

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Mr. Connors’ qualifications to sit on our Board, and serve as Chair of its Audit Committee, include his extensive experience as a lead audit partner for numerous public companies across a variety of industries, which enables him to provide helpful insights to the Board in connection with its oversight of financial, accounting and internal control matters.

Mr. Landuyt has served as a Supervisor since January 1, 2017. Since 2003, Mr. Landuyt has served as a Managing Director at Charterhouse Strategic Partners, LLC, and its predecessors (“Charterhouse”), private equity firms with a focus on build-ups, management buyouts, and growth capital investments primarily in the business services and healthcare services sectors, and has served on the Boards of Directors of a number of portfolio companies of those firms. From 1996 to 2003, Mr. Landuyt served as Chairman of the Board, President and Chief Executive Officer of Millennium Chemicals, Inc. (“Millennium”), and from 1983 to 1996 he served as Finance Director of Hanson plc and several other senior executive positions with Hanson Industries, the U.S. subsidiary of Hanson plc (collectively, “Hanson,”), including Vice President and Chief Financial Officer and ultimately Director, President and Chief Executive Officer. Hanson and Millennium were both previous owners of the Partnership or its predecessor through 1996 and 1999, respectively. He joined Hanson after spending six years as a Certified Public Accountant and auditor at Price Waterhouse & Co., where he rose to the position of Senior Manager. Mr. Landuyt has previously served on the Boards of Directors (including their Audit and Compensation Committees) of public companies, including Bethlehem Steel Corp., MxEnergy Holdings, Inc., a leading retail marketer of natural gas and electricity contracts, and Top Image Systems, Inc. Mr. Landuyt is also the Co-Founder and Executive Director of Celtic Charms, Inc., a non-profit therapeutic horsemanship center previously engaged in serving people with physical and cognitive disabilities and disorders and now serving as a retirement home for Celtic Charms’ equines.

Mr. Landuyt’s qualifications to sit on our Board include over forty years of financial and executive management experience for both public and private companies, including extensive experience with mergers and acquisitions and corporate governance. Additionally, his specific responsibility for supervision of the Partnership’s predecessors, as well as his subsequent board-level involvement in the distribution, petrochemical and retail energy sectors gives Mr. Landuyt extensive expertise in areas directly relevant to the business of the Partnership.

Mr. Logan has served as a Supervisor since March 1996 and served as Chairman of the Board of Supervisors from January 2007 until December 31, 2020. Mr. Logan co-founded, and from 2006 to May 2018 served as a Director of Basic Materials and Services LLC, an investment company that, until it went inactive in May 2018, invested in companies that provide specialized infrastructure services and materials for the pipeline construction industry and the sand/silica industry. From 2003 to September 2006, Mr. Logan was a Director and Chairman of the Finance Committee of the Board of Directors of TransMontaigne Inc., which provided logistical services (i.e. pipeline, terminaling and marketing) to producers and end-users of refined petroleum products. From 1995 to 2002, Mr. Logan was Executive Vice President/Finance, Treasurer and a Director of TransMontaigne Inc. From 1987 to 1995, Mr. Logan served as Senior Vice President – Finance and a Director of Associated Natural Gas Corporation, an independent gatherer and marketer of natural gas, natural gas liquids and crude oil. Mr. Logan is also a Director of Hart Energy Publishing LLP, and, through October 2021 was a Director of Cimarex Energy Co. prior to its merger with Cabot Oil & Gas Corp.; through May 2019, was a Director of InfraREIT, Inc., which was acquired by Oncor Electric Delivery Company LLC and Sempra Energy in May 2019; and through May 2017, was a Director of Graphic Packaging Holding Company.

Over the past forty plus years, Mr. Logan’s education, investment banking/venture capital experience and business/financial management experience have provided him with a comprehensive understanding of business and finance. Most of Mr. Logan’s business experience has been in the energy industry, both in investment banking and as a senior financial officer and director of publicly-owned energy companies. Mr. Logan’s expertise and experience have been relevant to his responsibilities of providing oversight and advice to the managements of public companies, and is of particular benefit in his role as a Supervisor. Since 1996, Mr. Logan has been a director of ten public companies and has served on audit, compensation and governance committees.

Mr. Oates has served as a Supervisor since May 2023. In 2015, Mr. Oates founded and currently serves as the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Oates Energy Solutions LLC, a privately-owned energy and technology value creation services company. Since 2020, Mr. Oates has also served as Chief Executive Officer of Refinery Calculator Inc., which is a global refining, energy, chemicals, emissions and hydrogen market intelligence cloud-based software and data platform. From 2015 to 2018, Mr. Oates served in several executive leadership roles in sales, marketing and commercial development within True North Venture Partners (an Ahearn, Walton, Cox family limited partnership entity), as well as within one of their portfolio companies, Aquahydrex Pty Ltd. From 2008 to 2015, Mr. Oates held several leadership positions within Praxair Inc. (now Linde PLC), most recently as Global Director of Hydrogen and Carbon Monoxide product management, where he was accountable for the overall profitability management functions for large-scale hydrogen pipeline and storage assets, as well as carbon monoxide, liquid methane, methanol and formalin business units. From 2000 to 2003, Mr. Oates founded and operated Oates Consulting Company, where he consulted on hydrogen storage business development. Since 2022, Mr. Oates has served as an independent director of the Board of Directors, as well as a member of the Nominating, Governance and Sustainability Committee of its Board of Directors for Summit Midstream Corporation, which owns, develops and operates midstream energy infrastructure assets in the continental United States. Since 2014, Mr. Oates has also served as a Board member for the International Association of Hydrogen Energy and has secured over 16 hydrogen technology, purification and storage patents.

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Mr. Oates’s qualifications to sit on our Board include his extensive understanding of energy markets, renewable energy solutions, and over two decades of experience in hydrogen commercial and technical market development, which enables him to provide helpful insights to the Board in connection with its oversight of the Partnership’s renewable energy investments and assets and the Partnership’s strategic plans for developing its renewable energy platform.

Ms. Swift has served as a Supervisor since April 2007. In November 2023, Ms. Swift was appointed President of Education at Work, a not-for-profit educational institution, which is part of the Strada Education Foundation and partners with industry and higher education institutions to prepare students for current and future careers through a work-based learning model. From July 2022 until October 2023, Ms. Swift served as an Operating Partner for Vistria Group, a private investment firm operating at the intersection of purpose and profit. Ms. Swift previously served as President and Executive Director of LearnLaunch Institute, a not-for-profit educational institution in Boston, Massachusetts; as Executive Chair of Ultimate Medical Academy, a not-for-profit healthcare educational institution with a national presence; as the CEO of Middlebury Interactive Languages, LLC, a marketer of world language products; as Senior Vice President at ConnectEDU Inc., a private education technology company; as the founder of WNP Consulting, LLC, a provider of expert advice and guidance to early stage education companies; and as a General Partner at Arcadia Partners, a venture capital firm focused on the education industry. Ms. Swift served for fifteen years in Massachusetts state government, becoming Massachusetts’ first woman governor in 2001. In July 2022, Ms. Swift became the founder and President of Cobble Hill Farm Education & Rescue Center, which is a non-profit organization that provides animal rescue and education programs. In October 2023, Ms. Swift was appointed to the National Association Governing Board and currently serves as a member of the George W. Bush Institute Advisory Council, the Innovation Advisory Council of Boston College High School’s Shields Center for Innovation and as an advisor to companies within the Vistria Group’s education portfolio. She has previously served on the boards of both public and private companies in the education space, including K12, Inc., Animated Speech Company, Sally Ride Science Inc., Teachers of Tomorrow and eDynamics Learning.

Ms. Swift’s qualifications to sit on our Board, and serve as Chair of its Compensation Committee, include her strong experience in public policy and government, and her extensive knowledge of regulatory matters arising from her fifteen years in state government.

Codes of Ethics and of Business Conduct

We have adopted a Code of Ethics that applies to our principal executive officer, principal financial officer and principal accounting officer, and a Code of Business Conduct that applies to all of our employees, officers and Supervisors. A copy of our Code of Ethics and our Code of Business Conduct is available without charge from our website at www.suburbanpropane.com or upon written request directed to: Suburban Propane Partners, L.P., Investor Relations, P.O. Box 206, Whippany, New Jersey 07981-0206. Any amendments to, or waivers from, provisions of our Code of Ethics or our Code of Business Conduct will be posted on our website.

Corporate Governance Guidelines

We have adopted Corporate Governance Guidelines and Principles in accordance with the NYSE corporate governance listing standards in effect as of the date of this Annual Report. In addition, we have adopted certain Corporate Governance Policies, including an Equity Holding Policy for Supervisors and Executives and an Incentive Compensation Recoupment Policy and a Clawback Policy, as well as a Policy on Insider Trading. A copy of our Corporate Governance Guidelines and Principles, as well as a copy of the Corporate Governance Policies, is available without charge from our website at www.suburbanpropane.com or upon written request directed to: Suburban Propane Partners, L.P., Investor Relations, P.O. Box 206, Whippany, New Jersey 07981-0206. A copy of our Policy on Insider Trading is filed as an exhibit to this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Audit Committee Charter

We have adopted a written Audit Committee Charter in accordance with the NYSE corporate governance listing standards in effect as of the date of this Annual Report. The Audit Committee Charter is reviewed periodically to ensure that it meets all applicable legal and NYSE listing requirements. A copy of our Audit Committee Charter is available without charge from our website at www.suburbanpropane.com or upon written request directed to: Suburban Propane Partners, L.P., Investor Relations, P.O. Box 206, Whippany, New Jersey 07981-0206.

Compensation Committee Charter

The Compensation Committee reviews the performance of, and sets the compensation for, all of the Partnership’s executives. It also approves the design of executive compensation programs. In addition, the Compensation Committee participates in executive succession planning and management development. Four Supervisors, who are not officers or employees of the Partnership or its subsidiaries, currently serve on the Compensation Committee. The Board of Supervisors has determined that all four current members of the Compensation Committee, namely Jane Swift (its Chair), Amy M. Adams, Matthew J. Chanin and Harold R. Logan, Jr. are independent.

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During fiscal 2024 and fiscal 2023, the Compensation Committee independently retained Willis Towers Watson, a human resources consulting firm, to assist the Compensation Committee in developing certain components of the compensation packages for the Partnership’s executive officers. See Item 11 of this Annual Report, below.

We have adopted a Compensation Committee Charter in accordance with the NYSE corporate governance listing standards in effect as of the date of this Annual Report. A copy of our Compensation Committee Charter is available without charge from our website at www.suburbanpropane.com or upon written request directed to: Suburban Propane Partners, L.P., Investor Relations, P.O. Box 206, Whippany, New Jersey 07981-0206.

Nominating/Governance Committee Charter

The Nominating/Governance Committee participates in Board succession planning and development and identifies individuals qualified to become Board members; recommends to the Board the persons to be nominated for election as Supervisors at any Tri-Annual Meeting of the Unitholders and the persons (if any) to be elected by the Board to fill any vacancies on the Board; identifies and recommends to the Board, the individual members of the Board to serve as members of the various committees of the Board; develops and recommends to the Board changes to the Partnership’s Corporate Governance Guidelines & Principles when appropriate; and oversees the evaluation of the Board and its committees. The Committee’s current members are Matthew J. Chanin (its Chair), Amy M. Adams, Terence J. Connors, William M. Landuyt, Harold R. Logan, Jr., Rommel M. Oates and Jane Swift, all of whom are independent in accordance with our Corporate Governance Guidelines & Principles and the rules of the NYSE.

We have adopted a written Nominating/Governance Committee Charter. A copy of our Nominating/Governance Committee Charter is available without charge from our website at www.suburbanpropane.com or upon written request directed to: Suburban Propane Partners, L.P., Investor Relations, P.O. Box 206, Whippany, New Jersey 07981-0206.

NYSE Annual CEO Certification

The NYSE requires the Chief Executive Officer of each listed company to submit a certification indicating that the company is not in violation of the Corporate Governance listing standards of the NYSE on an annual basis. Our Chief Executive Officer submits his Annual CEO Certification to the NYSE each December. In December 2023, our Chief Executive Officer, Michael A. Stivala, submitted his Annual CEO Certification to the NYSE without qualification.

Delinquent Section 16(a) Reports

None.

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ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION

Compensation Discussion and Analysis

This Compensation Discussion and Analysis (“CD&A”) explains our executive compensation philosophy, policies and practices with respect to those executive officers of the Partnership identified below whom we collectively refer to as our “named executive officers”:

Name Position

Michael A. Stivala President and Chief Executive Officer

Michael A. Kuglin Chief Financial Officer

Steven C. Boyd* Chief Operating Officer

Neil E. Scanlon Senior Vice President, Information Services

* As previously announced on December 5, 2023, Mr. Boyd will retire as Chief Operating Officer on January 1, 2025.

Key Topics Covered in our CD&A

The following table summarizes the main areas of focus in our CD&A:

Compensation Governance

Participants in the Compensation Process

The Annual Compensation Decision Making Process

Risk Mitigation Policies

Executive Compensation Philosophy

Overview

Pay Mix

Components of Compensation

Base Salary

Annual Cash Bonus

Long-Term Incentive Plan

Restricted Unit Plan and Phantom Equity Plan

Distribution Equivalent Rights Plan

Benefits and Perquisites

Compensation Governance

Participants in the Compensation Process

Role of the Compensation Committee

The Compensation Committee of our Board of Supervisors (the “Committee”) is responsible for overseeing our executive compensation program. In accordance with its charter, available on our website at www.suburbanpropane.com, the Committee ensures that the compensation packages provided to our executive officers are designed in accordance with our compensation philosophy. The Committee reviews and approves the compensation packages of our managing directors, assistant vice presidents, vice presidents, senior vice presidents, and our named executive officers. The Committee establishes and oversees our general compensation philosophy in consultation with our President and Chief Executive Officer, and supplements that by seeking advice, best practices and benchmarking from outside compensation consultants on an as needed basis.

Among other duties, the Committee has overall responsibility for:

•

Reviewing and approving the compensation of our President and Chief Executive Officer, our Chief Financial Officer, and our other executive officers;

•

Reporting to the Board of Supervisors any and all decisions regarding compensation changes for our President and Chief Executive Officer and our other executive officers;

•

Evaluating and approving awards under our annual cash bonus plan, awards under our Long-Term Incentive Plan, grants under our Restricted Unit Plan and Phantom Equity Plan, and grants under our Distribution Equivalent Rights Plan, as well as all other executive compensation policies and programs;

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•

Approving, administering and interpreting the compensation plans that constitute each component of our executive officers’ compensation packages;

•

Engaging consultants, when appropriate, to provide independent, third-party advice on executive officer-related compensation, including benchmarking data;

•

Planning for anticipated and unexpected leadership changes by engaging in a continual process of management succession planning; and

•

Reviewing human capital management matters with respect to the Partnership, which may include, but are not limited to, the development, attraction, motivation and retention of personnel; employee diversity and inclusion; workplace environment and culture; and internal communications programs.

Role of the President and Chief Executive Officer

The role of our President and Chief Executive Officer in the executive compensation process is to recommend individual pay adjustments, grants of awards under our Restricted Unit Plan and Phantom Equity Plan, and other adjustments to the compensation packages of the executive officers, other than for himself, to the Committee based on market conditions, the Partnership’s performance and individual performance. When recommending individual pay adjustments for the executive officers, our President and Chief Executive Officer presents the Committee with information comparing each executive officer’s current compensation to relevant benchmark data for comparable positions.

Role of Outside Consultants

Prior to each Committee meeting at which executive compensation packages are reviewed, members of the Committee are provided with benchmarking data from the Mercer Human Resource Consulting, Inc. (“Mercer”) database for comparison. The Committee’s sole use of the Mercer database is to compare and contrast our executive officers’ current base salaries, total cash compensation opportunities and total direct compensation to the data provided in the Mercer benchmarking database, which is derived from a proprietary database of surveys from over 2,738 organizations and 1,163 positions that may or may not include similarly-sized national propane marketers. The use of the Mercer database provides a broad base of compensation benchmarking information for companies of a size similar to that of the Partnership. There was no formal consultancy role played by Mercer. Therefore, prior to the Committee’s meetings, neither the Committee members nor our President and Chief Executive Officer met with representatives from Mercer.

In addition to using the benchmarking data from the Mercer database, the Committee has utilized, since fiscal 2013, the services of Willis Towers Watson (“WTW”), a human resource consulting firm, in developing compensation packages for each of our named executive officers and our other executive officers. Because the Committee has followed an informal policy of only considering increases to executive base salaries every two years, the Committee commissions WTW to update their benchmarking study every two years. The Committee has also engaged the services of WTW in evaluating other aspects of executive compensation packages on a periodic basis, including the design of incentive compensation plans and other perquisites. WTW benchmarks the base salaries, total cash compensation opportunities and total direct compensation of our executive officers in comparison to comparable positions, using market data for similarly-sized companies which were collected by WTW from multiple survey sources across several industries, inclusive of other energy companies in the United States. The Committee engaged WTW in 2021 to provide benchmarking data in reviewing and establishing executive compensation for fiscal 2022 and for fiscal 2023, and again in 2023 to evaluate executive compensation for fiscal 2024 and for fiscal 2025.

Our Unitholders: Say-on-Pay

At their May 21, 2024 Tri-Annual Meeting, our Unitholders overwhelmingly approved an advisory resolution approving executive compensation (commonly referred to as “Say-on-Pay”). As a result, the Committee determined that no major revisions of its executive compensation practices were required. However, it remains the Committee’s practice to periodically evaluate its compensation practices for possible improvement. The following represents the 2024 Say-on-Pay voting results:

For Against Abstain Broker Non-Votes

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The Annual Compensation Decision Making Process

Fiscal 2024 Committee Meetings

The Committee usually holds three regularly-scheduled meetings during the fiscal year: one in October or November, one in January and one in July, and may meet at other times during the year as warranted. During fiscal 2024, the Committee chose to meet in November, January, and July. The Committee finalized the fiscal 2024 compensation packages for our named executive officers at its November 7, 2023 meeting.

As in past fiscal years and as referred to above, the Committee was provided with a comprehensive analysis of each executive officer’s past and current compensation - including benchmarking data for comparison - to enable it to assess and determine each executive officer’s compensation package for fiscal 2024. Prior to making its decisions regarding each named executive officer’s fiscal 2023 compensation package, the Committee reviewed the total cash compensation opportunity that was provided to each named executive officer during the previously completed fiscal year compared to the total mean cash compensation opportunity for the parallel position in the Mercer benchmarking database and to the recommendations and benchmarking data provided by WTW in advance of the November 7, 2023 Committee meeting.

Our Approach to Setting Compensation Packages

Although the Committee has adopted an informal policy of considering adjustments to the base salaries of our named executive officers every two years (unless specific circumstances warrant adjustments at a different time), each year the Committee conducts a review of the compensation packages of all of our executive officers. As described below, our executive compensation philosophy emphasizes pay-for-performance in allocating components of total compensation, which supports the informal policy of only adjusting base pay every other year. In reviewing and determining the compensation packages of our named executive officers, the Committee considers a number of factors related to each executive; including, but not limited to, years of experience in current position, scope and level of responsibility, influence over the affairs of the Partnership and individual performance. The relative importance assigned to each of these factors by the Committee may differ from executive to executive and from year to year. As a result, different weights may be given to different components of compensation among each of our named executive officers. As a result of this informal policy, because fiscal 2022 was the last year for which the Committee considered base salary adjustments, during their November 7, 2023 meeting, the Committee considered and approved fiscal 2024 adjustments to the base salaries of our named executive officers.

The benchmarking data reviewed by the Committee is just one of a number of factors considered in making executive compensation decisions, but, in some cases, is not necessarily the most persuasive factor. The Committee compared total cash compensation opportunities (comprising base salary, annual cash bonuses and distribution equivalent rights payments) to the 50th percentile of total cash compensation opportunity for the parallel positions in both the Mercer benchmarking database and the market data provided by WTW. The Committee compared the total direct compensation, which includes the total cash compensation opportunity plus long-term incentives (inclusive of cash-settled long-term incentives and grants under the Restricted Unit and Phantom Equity Plans) to the 75th percentile of the Mercer benchmarking database and the WTW benchmarking study. The Committee seeks to establish an overall compensation package for each of our executive officers that provides a competitive base salary, the opportunity to earn annual cash incentives based on annual performance targets, with the goal of establishing a total cash compensation opportunity that reflects the 50th percentile of the relevant benchmark data. The annual total cash compensation opportunity is supplemented with targeted long-term incentive opportunities, in the form of long-term performance-based awards under our Long-Term Incentive Plan and grants of awards under our Restricted Unit Plan and Phantom Equity Plan, to establish the target total direct compensation for each executive officer.

Compensation Peer Group

The Committee bases its benchmarking on the market data, provided by Mercer and WTW, derived from companies of a size similar to the Partnership, and does not rely solely on a peer group of other propane marketers. The Committee takes this approach because it believes that the proximity of our headquarters to New York City and the need to realistically compete for skilled executives in an environment shared by numerous other enterprises seeking similarly-skilled employees requires a broader review of the market. Furthermore, similarly-sized propane marketers (of which there are only two) compete for executives in different economic environments and have different ownership structures which may influence the comparability of compensation data for executive officer positions. This benchmarking approach has been in place for a number of years.

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Executive Compensation Philosophy

Overview

Our executive compensation program is underpinned by two core objectives:

•

To attract and retain talented executives who have the skills and experience required to achieve our goals; and

•

To align the short-term and long-term interests of our executive officers with those of our Unitholders.

We accomplish these objectives by providing our executive officers with compensation packages that incorporate a competitive base salary combined with the opportunity to earn both short-term and long-term cash incentives based on the achievement of short-term and long-term performance objectives under a pay-for-performance compensation philosophy. Recognizing that certain external factors, such as the severity and unpredictability of winter weather patterns, may have a significant influence on annual financial performance in any given year, the Committee evaluates additional factors in determining the amount of incentive compensation earned. We also provide our executive officers with equity-based compensation opportunities that are intended to align their interests with those of our Unitholders. Various components of compensation provided to our executive officers are specifically linked to either short-term or long-term performance measures, and encourage equity ownership in the Partnership. Therefore, our executive compensation packages are designed to achieve our overall goal of sustainable, profitable growth by rewarding our executive officers for behaviors that facilitate our achievement of this goal.

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The principal components of the compensation we provide to our named executive officers are as follows:

Component Purpose Features

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We align the short-term and long-term interests of our named executive officers with the short-term and long-term interests of our Unitholders by:

•

Providing our named executive officers with an annual incentive target that encourages them to achieve or exceed targeted financial results and operating performance for a particular fiscal year;

•

Providing a long-term incentive plan that encourages our named executive officers to implement activities and practices conducive to sustainable, profitable growth;

•

Providing our named executive officers with restricted units and phantom units in order to encourage the retention of the participating executive officers and to align their interests with those of our Unitholders by offering an opportunity to increase their equity ownership in the Partnership, (in the case of restricted units), while simultaneously encouraging behaviors conducive to the long-term appreciation of our Common Units; and

•

Providing our named executive officers with distribution equivalent rights to encourage behaviors conducive to distribution sustainability and growth.

Pay Mix

Under our compensation structure, each named executive officer’s “total cash compensation opportunity” consists of a mix of base salary, annual cash bonus, the eligibility to participate in our Long-Term Incentive Plan for the potential to earn cash-settled long-term incentives, grants of phantom units under our Phantom Equity Plan, and distribution equivalent rights payments. In addition to the total cash compensation opportunity, each named executive officer is eligible to receive grants of restricted units under our Restricted Unit Plan, which, when combined with the total cash compensation opportunity, represents our named executive officers’ “total direct compensation opportunity.” This “mix” varies depending on his or her position, and the level of influence and line of sight to the activities that can help achieve the incentive targets. The base salary for each executive officer is the only fixed component of compensation, and the Restricted Unit Plan awards are the only non-cash compensation component. The annual cash bonuses and cash-settled long-term incentive compensation, are dependent upon achievement of certain performance measures.

In allocating among these components, in order to align the interests of our senior executive officers - the executive officers having the greatest ability to influence our performance - with the interests of our Unitholders, the Committee considers it crucial to emphasize the performance-based elements of the total cash compensation opportunities provided to them. Therefore, during fiscal 2024, 59% of our President and CEO’s and at least 38% of our other named executive officers’ total cash compensation opportunity was performance-based under our annual cash bonus and long-term incentive plans, neither of which provide for guaranteed minimum payments.

In reviewing and establishing compensation packages for our named executive officers for fiscal 2024, at its meeting on November 7, 2023, the Committee considered and approved base salary adjustments for our named executive officers, after reviewing and taking into consideration the study provided by WTW, as well as the 2023 Mercer benchmark database. Specifically, both data sources were used to consider and approve base salary adjustments, as well as the target grant values of the non-cash Restricted Unit Plan and the cash-settled Phantom Equity Plan that were awarded to our named executive officers and certain other executive officers as part of their overall compensation packages for fiscal 2024.

The following table summarizes each of the components of total cash compensation as a percentage of each named executive officer’s total cash compensation opportunity for fiscal 2024, as well as the total cash compensation opportunity and the non-cash Restricted Unit Plan, and cash-settled Phantom Equity Plan, grants each as a percentage of the total direct compensation opportunity for fiscal 2024:

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Total Direct Compensation for Our President and Chief Executive Officer

Mr. Stivala has been the Partnership’s President and Chief Executive Officer since September 2014, and has navigated the Partnership through an extraordinarily challenging operating environment during his tenure, while also beginning to shift the strategic focus of the Partnership toward the building of a renewable energy platform. The Committee reviews the total direct compensation opportunity for our President and Chief Executive Officer on an annual basis, comparing his total cash compensation opportunity and total direct compensation opportunity to relevant benchmark data, and has established a compensation philosophy to target a range of 45% to 50% of his total direct compensation to be “at risk” under the Committee’s pay-for-performance philosophy.

At its November 7, 2023 meeting, the Committee reviewed a detailed benchmarking analysis of the components of total direct compensation for our President and Chief Executive Officer prepared by WTW while making decisions regarding Mr. Stivala’s fiscal 2024 compensation package. The Committee acknowledged that there was a significant shortfall in the total cash compensation opportunity for Mr. Stivala compared to the 50th percentile of the benchmark total cash compensation opportunity, as well as in comparison of the total direct compensation opportunity compared to the 75th percentile of the relevant benchmark, and made adjustments to his base salary in order to help close the gap on the perceived shortfall to the relevant benchmark As a result of the adjustments, Mr. Stivala’s total cash compensation opportunity for fiscal 2024 was reflective of the 50th percentile for the relevant benchmark, and the percentage of “at risk” compensation for fiscal 2024 was 47%.

The following table summarizes the total direct compensation opportunity for our President and Chief Executive Officer for fiscal 2024 and fiscal 2023:

Annual Bonus Target % 120 % 120 %

Performance-Based % of Total Direct Compensation Opportunity 47 % 49 %

Components of Compensation

Base Salary

Consistent with the process outlined in the section above titled “The Annual Compensation Decision Making Process,” at its November 7, 2023 meeting, the Committee followed its informal policy of considering adjustments to the base salaries of our named executive officers every two years (unless specific circumstances were deemed by the Committee to necessitate a base salary adjustment) and, as a result, the Committee considered and approved fiscal 2024 base salary adjustments for our named executive offices.

The following base salaries were in effect during fiscal 2024 and fiscal 2023 for our named executive officers:

Name Fiscal 2024Base Salary Fiscal 2023Base Salary

The base salaries paid to our named executive officers in fiscal 2024, fiscal 2023 and fiscal 2022 are reported in the column titled “Salary” in the Summary Compensation Table below.

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Annual Cash Bonus Plan

The Committee uses the annual cash bonus plan (which falls within the SEC’s definition of a “Non-Equity Incentive Plan” for the purposes of the Summary Compensation Table and otherwise) to provide a cash incentive award to certain hourly and salaried employees; including our named executive officers. Payments, if any, are based on the attainment of EBITDA targets for the particular fiscal year, in accordance with an annual budget approved by our Board of Supervisors at the beginning of the fiscal year, and other qualitative factors that we refer to below as a “scorecard-based component.”

Components of Annual Cash Bonus Plan

Definitions

Actual EBITDA: represents net income before deducting interest expense, income taxes, depreciation and amortization.

Actual Adjusted EBITDA: represents Actual EBITDA adjusted for various items, including, but not limited to: unrealized non-cash gains or losses on changes in the fair value of derivative instruments; gains or losses on sale of businesses; acquisition and integration-related costs; multi-employer pension plan withdrawal charges; pension settlement charges; earnings and losses from our unconsolidated affiliates; and losses on debt extinguishment.

Budgeted EBITDA: represents our target budgeted EBITDA developed using a bottom-up process factoring in reasonable growth targets from the prior year’s performance, while at the same time attempting to reach a balance between a target that is reasonably achievable, yet not assured.

The annual cash bonus plan contains two separate measurement components as follows:

•

Performance-based component in which Actual Adjusted EBITDA is compared to Budgeted EBITDA; and

•

Scorecard-based component in which up to an additional 35% of the target cash bonus may be awarded by the Committee, as an enhancement to the performance-based component, based on their evaluation of several qualitative scorecard items that include the following: key safety statistics compared to the prior year, customer base trends compared to the prior year, advancement of our Go Green with Suburban Propane corporate pillar and sustainability initiatives, and, in the case of our named executive officers, achievement of corporate and individual goals. The Committee uses its discretion regarding how much weight to place on any one, or several, of the qualitative scorecard items in determining the amount, if any, of the scorecard-based component to award in any fiscal year.

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The following table sets forth the percentages of target cash bonuses participants will earn under the performance-based component of the annual cash bonus plan at various levels of Actual Adjusted EBITDA in relation to Budgeted EBITDA:

Performance-Based Component

Actual Adjusted EBITDA as a % of Budgeted EBITDA % of Target Cash Bonus Earned

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Fiscal 2024 Annual Cash Bonus

For fiscal 2024, our Budgeted EBITDA was $281.0 million. Our Actual Adjusted EBITDA was such that each of our executive officers earned 77% of his or her target cash bonus for the performance-based component of the annual cash bonus plan. During the previous two fiscal years, our Actual Adjusted EBITDA was such that each of our named executive officers earned 100% and 106% of his target cash bonus for fiscal 2023 and fiscal 2022, respectively. Additionally, for fiscal 2024, fiscal 2023 and fiscal 2022, based on the Committee’s evaluation of the qualitative scorecard-based components discussed above, the Committee awarded each of our named executive officers 0%, 25% and 24%, respectively, of the target cash bonuses for the scorecard-based component of the annual cash bonus plan. Accordingly, each of our named executive officers earned a total annual cash bonus of 77%, 125% and 130% of his target cash bonus for fiscal 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Annual cash bonuses, if earned, are paid in the first quarter of the following fiscal year.

The fiscal 2024 target cash bonus established for each named executive officer and the actual cash bonuses earned by each of them during fiscal 2024 are summarized as follows:

The Use of Discretion

The Committee retains the right to exercise its broad discretionary powers to decrease or increase the annual cash bonus paid to a particular named executive officer, upon the recommendation of our President and Chief Executive Officer, or to the named executive officers as a group, when the Committee determines that an adjustment is warranted. The Committee did not exercise this authority in fiscal 2024, fiscal 2023 or fiscal 2022.

If the Committee were to exercise its discretionary authority, any such discretionary bonuses provided to our named executive officers would be reported in the column titled “Bonus” in the Summary Compensation table below. The bonus payments earned by our named executive officers under the annual cash bonus plan for fiscal 2024, fiscal 2023 and fiscal 2022 are reported in the column titled “Non-Equity Incentive Plan Compensation” in the Summary Compensation Table below.

Long-Term Incentive Plan

As result of a study completed by WTW, the Committee adopted our 2021 Long-Term Incentive Plan (the “LTIP”) to complement the annual cash bonus plan, which focuses on our short-term performance goals. The LTIP is a cash-settled phantom unit plan that is designed to motivate our executive officers to focus on our long-term financial goals and operating and strategic objectives. Under the LTIP, performance is assessed over a three-year measurement period and, as such, at the beginning of each fiscal year, there are three active award cycles. For example, at the beginning of fiscal 2024 the active award cycles included: the fiscal 2022 award, which started at the beginning of fiscal 2022 and ended at the conclusion of fiscal 2024; the fiscal 2023 award, which started at the beginning of fiscal 2023 and will end at the conclusion of fiscal 2025; and the fiscal 2024 award, which started at the beginning of fiscal 2024 and will end at the conclusion of fiscal 2026. Beginning with the fiscal 2022 LTIP Award, in order to determine if a payment is earned under the LTIP, performance is evaluated using two separate measurement components: (i) 50% weight based on the level of average distributable cash flow, as defined in the LTIP, of the Partnership over the three-year measurement period (the “Average Distributable Cash Flow”); and (ii) 50% weight based on the achievement of certain operating and strategic objectives, set by the Committee, over the three-year measurement period (the “Operating/Strategic Objectives Component”), as further described below.

Performance Conditions for the LTIP

When approving an award, at the beginning of that particular award’s three-year measurement period, the Committee will establish a performance scale that will measure the Average Distributable Cash Flow component for the three-year measurement period. The target threshold for each fiscal year’s award cycle will represent a level of Average Distributable Cash Flow that reflects approximately 5% growth compared to the average distributable cash flow for the three years preceding the beginning of the respective award cycle, or some other target threshold, as determined by the Committee. For purposes of establishing the potential payout percentage for the Average Distributable Cash Flow component, the performance scale provides for a minimum threshold for Average Distributable Cash Flow that is approximately twenty percent (20%) below the target threshold and a maximum threshold that is approximately ten percent (10%) above the target threshold. For each $4 million decline in Average Distributable Cash Flow from the target threshold, the payout

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percentage opportunity decreases by five percent (5%) to an entry level threshold payout of 50%. For each $2 million increase in Average Distributable Cash Flow above the target threshold, the payout percentage opportunity increases by five percent (5%) to a maximum threshold payout of 150%. For illustrative purposes, the following table provides the potential payout percentages associated with various levels of Average Distributable Cash Flow for the three-year measurement period of the fiscal 2022 award, which ended at the end of fiscal 2024:

The target thresholds for Average Distributable Cash Flow, established by the Committee for the fiscal 2023 award cycle and the fiscal 2024 award cycle were $202,000 and $207,000, respectively.

The Committee also established specific operating and strategic objectives (“Operating/Strategic Objectives”) for the component of the LTIP that will measure the Partnership’s performance in achieving such Operating/Strategic Objectives for the three-year measurement period. At the end of the three-year measurement period, the Committee will evaluate the Partnership’s performance compared to the Operating/Strategic Objectives set at the beginning of the three-year measurement period to determine the amount, if any, of the Operating/Strategic Objectives component to award. The following are the Operating/Strategic Objectives set by the Committee for the fiscal 2022 and fiscal 2023 awards:

1.

Achievement of target consolidated leverage ratio between 3.5x and 4.0x (taking into account any appropriate adjustments for business combinations);

2.

Customer base growth;

3.

Relative performance in absolute total return to Unitholders compared to the Alerian MLP Index; and

4.

Advancements in the Partnership’s Go Green with Suburban Propane initiative and other strategic growth initiatives.

The following are the Operating/Strategic Objectives set by the Committee for the fiscal 2024 award:

1.

Achievement of target consolidated leverage ratio between 3.5x and 4.0x (while making strategic investments in acquisitions);

2.

Customer base growth;

3.

Relative performance in absolute total return to Unitholders compared to the Alerian MLP Index; and

4.

Performance against our long-term strategic plan.

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The Committee will use its discretion regarding how much weight to place on any one, or several, of the Operating/Strategic Objectives in determining the amount to award, if any, of the Operating/Strategic Objectives component as follows:

Percentage of Operating/Strategic Objectives Component Earned

Maximum Threshold 150%

Target Threshold 100%

Entry Level Threshold 50%

Grant Process

At the beginning of each fiscal year, LTIP phantom unit awards are granted as a Committee-approved percentage of each named executive officer’s salary. In accordance with the terms of the LTIP, at the beginning of each the three-year measurement period, the number of each named executive officer’s unvested LTIP phantom unit award was calculated by dividing their target LTIP amount (representing 75% of that named executive officer’s target cash bonus under the annual cash bonus plan) by the average of the closing prices of our Common Units for the twenty days preceding the beginning of the three-year measurement period.

Cash Payments

For awards granted under the LTIP, our named executive officers, as well as the other LTIP participants (all of whom are key employees), will, at the end of the three-year measurement period, receive cash payments equal to: (i) the quantity of the participant’s unvested phantom units that become vested phantom units at the conclusion of the three-year measurement period based on the applicable percentage earned under the respective plan multiplied by (ii) the average of the closing prices of our Common Units for the twenty days preceding the conclusion of the three-year measurement period, plus the sum of the distributions that would have inured to one of our outstanding Common Units during the three-year measurement period.

The fiscal 2022 award cycle concluded at the end of fiscal 2024. Our Average Distributable Cash Flow for the three-year measurement period for the fiscal 2022 award cycle was such that each of our executive officers earned 85% of the Average Distributable Cash Flow component. Additionally, for the fiscal 2022 award cycle, based on the Committee’s evaluation of the Operating/Strategic Objectives components discussed above, the Committee awarded each of our named executive officers 50% of the target payout for that component of the LTIP.

The actual payments to be made to each named executive officer in fiscal 2025 for the fiscal 2022 LTIP award cycle, which ended at the end of fiscal 2024, are summarized as follows:

Name Fiscal 2022 LTIP Award CycleActual Cash Payments Earned

Douglas T. Brinkworth $ 229,712

Retirement Provision

The retirement provision applies to all LTIP participants who have been employed by the Partnership for ten years and have attained age 55. A retirement-eligible participant’s outstanding awards under the LTIP will vest as of the retirement-eligible date, but will remain subject to the same three-year measurement period for purposes of determining the eventual cash payment, if any, at the conclusion of the remaining measurement period. At the conclusion of fiscal 2024, this retirement provision applied to awards held by Mr. Stivala, Mr. Boyd, Mr. Brinkworth and Mr. Scanlon.

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Outstanding Awards under the LTIP

The following are the quantities of unvested LTIP phantom units granted to our named executive officers during fiscal 2024 and fiscal 2023 that will be used to calculate cash payments at the end of the respective award’s three-year measurement period:

The grant date values based on the target outcomes of the awards under the LTIP granted during fiscal 2024, fiscal 2023 and fiscal 2022 are reported in the column titled “Unit Awards” in the Summary Compensation Table below.

Restricted Unit Plan

At their May 15, 2018 Tri-Annual Meeting, our Unitholders approved the adoption of our 2018 Restricted Unit Plan (the “RUP”). Upon adoption, this plan authorized the issuance of 1,800,000 Common Units to our named executive officers, managers, other employees and to members of our Board of Supervisors. At their May 18, 2021 and May 21, 2024 Tri-Annual Meetings, our Unitholders authorized the issuance of an additional 1,725,000 and 2,650,000 Common Units, respectively, under the RUP. At the conclusion of fiscal 2024, there were 2,889,830 restricted units remaining available under the RUP for future awards.

Grant Process

All restricted unit awards are approved by the Committee. Because individual circumstances differ, the Committee has not adopted a formulaic approach to making restricted unit awards. Although the reasons for granting an award can vary, the general objective of granting an award to a recipient is to retain the services of the recipient over the vesting period while, at the same time, providing the type of motivation that further aligns the long-term interests of the recipient with the long-term interests of our Unitholders. The reasons for which the Committee grants restricted unit awards include, but are not limited to, the following:

•

To attract skilled and capable candidates to fill vacant positions;

•

To retain the services of an employee;

•

To provide an adequate compensation package to accompany an internal promotion; and

•

To reward outstanding performance.

In determining the quantity of restricted units to grant to named executive officers and other key employees, the Committee considers, without limitation:

•

The named executive officer’s or key employee’s scope of responsibility, performance and contribution to meeting our objectives;

•

The total cash compensation opportunity provided to the named executive officer or key employee for whom the award is being considered;

•

The value of similar equity awards to named executive officers of similarly sized companies; and

•

The current value of an equivalent quantity of outstanding Common Units.

In addition, in establishing the level of restricted units to grant to our named executive officers, the Committee considers the existing level of outstanding unvested restricted unit awards held by our named executive officers.

The Committee generally approves awards under our RUP at its first meeting each fiscal year following the availability of the financial results for the prior fiscal year; however, occasionally the Committee grants awards at other times of the year, particularly when the need arises to grant awards because of promotions and new hires.

When the Committee authorizes an award of restricted units, the unvested units underlying an award do not provide the grantee with voting rights and do not receive distributions or accrue rights to distributions during the vesting period. Upon vesting, restricted units are automatically converted into our Common Units, with full voting rights and rights to receive distributions.

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Vesting Schedule

The standard vesting schedule of all of our outstanding RUP awards is one third of each award on each of the first three anniversaries of the award grant date. The Committee retains the ability to deviate, at its discretion, from the normal vesting schedule with respect to particular restricted unit awards, subject to the limitations set forth in the RUP, and described above, with respect to restricted units awarded under that plan. Unvested awards are subject to forfeiture in certain circumstances, as defined in the RUP document. The RUP places a five percent (5%) limit on the number of units then authorized for issuance that may (a) be awarded with a vesting schedule other than the standard vesting schedule, and (b) subject to certain limited exceptions, have their vesting accelerated to a date prior to the twelve-month anniversary of the effective date of their grant.

Outstanding Awards under the RUP

At its November 7, 2023 meeting, the Committee approved a grant of restricted units to each of our named executive officers. In determining these fiscal 2024 awards for our named executive officers, the Committee relied upon information provided by the Mercer benchmarking database and recommendations by WTW to conclude that these awards were necessary to remediate shortfalls perceived by the Committee in the cash compensation opportunities provided by the Partnership to these executives, as well as in recognition of their individual achievements throughout fiscal 2023. The Committee uses restricted unit awards to satisfy a perceived need to balance cash compensation with equity (or non-cash) compensation, and to encourage our named executive officers, and other key employees, to have an equity stake in the Partnership, thereby further aligning the economic interests of our named executive officers with the economic interests of our Unitholders.

The following table summarizes the RUP awards granted to our named executive officers at the Committee’s November 7, 2023 meeting:

Name Grant Date Quantity

The aggregate grant date fair values of RUP awards made during fiscal 2024, fiscal 2023 and fiscal 2022, were computed in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, and are reported in the column titled “Unit Awards” in the Summary Compensation Table below.

Retirement Provisions

The RUP contains retirement provisions that provide for the issuance of Common Units (six months and one day after the retirement date of qualifying participants) relating to unvested awards held by a retiring participant who meets all three of the following conditions on his or her retirement date:

•

The unvested award has been held by the grantee for at least one year;

•

The grantee is age 55 or older; and

•

The grantee has worked for us, or one of our predecessors, for at least 10 years.

At the end of fiscal 2024, the retirement provisions applied to Mr. Stivala, Mr. Boyd, Mr. Brinkworth and Mr. Scanlon.

2022 Phantom Equity Plan

At its November 8, 2022 meeting, the Committee adopted our 2022 Phantom Equity Plan (the “PEP”) as a component of our long-term compensation, based on an analysis of market practices of different components of total compensation prepared by WTW. The adoption of the PEP was recommended by WTW to provide an additional component of long-term compensation that has similar characteristics of our RUP, but that provides for cash settlement. In adopting the PEP, the Committee’s intent is to provide a reasonable mixture of both cash and non-cash equity-based compensation as components of long-term compensation.

Grant Process

The grant process, and the decision-making process for the granting of phantom equity units, for the PEP are identical to that of our RUP (described above). The Committee will generally approve awards under our PEP at its first meeting each fiscal year following

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the availability of the financial results for the prior fiscal year; however, the Committee reserves the right to grant awards at other times of the year, particularly when the need arises to grant awards because of promotions and new hires.

Upon vesting, phantom equity units are automatically converted into cash, the value of which is equal to the average of the highest and lowest trading prices of our Common Units on the trading day immediately preceding the date of issuance.

Vesting Schedule

The standard vesting schedule of all of our outstanding PEP awards will be one third of each award on each of the first three anniversaries of the award grant date, subject to continuous employment or service from the grant date through the applicable payment date. The Committee retains the ability to deviate, at its discretion, from the normal vesting schedule with respect to particular PEP awards. Unvested awards are subject to forfeiture in certain circumstances, as defined in the PEP document and the applicable award agreements. The change in control vesting provisions under the PEP are described in more detail below.

Outstanding Awards under the PEP

At its November 7, 2023 meeting, in tandem with RUP awards, the Committee approved PEP awards for each of our named executive officers. The following table summarizes the phantom equity units granted to our named executive officers at the Committee’s November 7, 2023 meeting:

Name Grant Date Quantity

*Note: Mr. Stivala’s PEP grant is for fewer units than the other named executive officers because the Committee determined that as President & CEO, he should receive more equity units under the RUP and fewer phantom units under the PEP.

The grant date values based on the target outcomes of the awards under the PEP granted during fiscal 2024, fiscal 2023 and fiscal 2022 are reported in the column titled “Unit Awards” in the Summary Compensation Table below.

Retirement Provisions

The PEP document contains retirement provisions that provide for the vesting of phantom units six months and one day after the retirement date of qualifying participants who meet all three of the following conditions on his or her retirement date:

•