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Item 1A. Risk Factors

In addition to the other information in this Annual Report on Form 10-K (“2026 Form 10-K”), the following risk factors should be carefully considered in evaluating us and our business because the occurrence of any of these factors could materially and adversely affect our business, results of operations, financial condition, and price of our Common Stock, and they could cause our actual results to differ materially from those contemplated in any forward-looking statements. Some of the factors, events, and contingencies discussed below may have occurred in the past, but the disclosures below are not representations as to whether or not the factors, events, or contingencies have occurred in the past and instead reflect our beliefs and opinions as to the factors, events, or contingencies that could materially and adversely affect us in the future. The risks and uncertainties described below are not the only ones we face. Our operations could also be affected by factors, events, or uncertainties that are not presently known to us or that we currently do not consider to present a material risk to us and our business. Therefore, the following discussion of risk factors should not be considered a complete statement of all the potential risks or uncertainties that we face. No priority or significance is intended by, nor should be attached to, the order in which the risk factors appear.

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INDUSTRY AND CUSTOMER RISKS

We Depend on Creating New Products and Processes and Enhancing Existing Products and Processes for Our Success; Consequently, We Are Subject to Risks Associated with Rapid Technological Change

Rapid technological changes in semiconductor manufacturing processes subject us to increased pressure to develop technological advances that enable those processes. We believe that our future success depends in part upon our ability to develop and offer new products with improved capabilities and to continue to enhance our existing products. If new products or existing products have reliability, quality, design, or safety problems, our performance may be impacted by reduced orders, higher manufacturing costs, delays in acceptance of and payment for new products, additional service and warranty expenses, and loss of market share. If we are unable to develop and manufacture products successfully, or the products that we introduce fail in the marketplace, our business, results of operations and financial condition could be materially and adversely affected. For more than 25 years, the primary driver of technology advancement in the semiconductor industry has been to shrink the lithography that prints the circuit design on semiconductor chips. That driver could be approaching its technological limit, leading semiconductor manufacturers to investigate more complex changes in multiple technologies in an effort to continue technology development. In addition, the emergence of “big data” and new tools such as machine learning and AI that capitalize on the availability of large data sets is leading semiconductor manufacturers and equipment manufacturers to pursue new products and approaches that exploit those tools to advance technology development. In the face of uncertainty on which technology solutions will become successful, we will need to focus our efforts on developing the technology changes that are ultimately successful in supporting our customers’ requirements. Our failure to develop and offer the correct technology solutions in a timely manner with productive and cost-effective products could adversely affect our business in a material way. Our failure to commercialize new products in a timely manner could result in loss of market share, unanticipated costs, and inventory obsolescence, which would adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.

In order to develop new products and processes and enhance existing products and processes, we expect to continue to make significant investments in R&D, to investigate the acquisition of products and technologies, to invest in or acquire businesses or technologies, and to pursue joint development relationships with customers, suppliers, or other members of the industry. Our investments and acquisitions may not be as successful as we may expect, particularly in the event that we invest in or acquire product lines and technologies that are new to us. We may find that acquisitions are not available to us, for regulatory or other reasons, and that we must therefore limit ourselves to collaboration and joint venture development activities that do not have the same benefits as acquisitions. Pursuing development through collaboration and/or joint development activities rather than through an acquisition may pose substantial challenges for management, including those related to aligning business objectives; sharing confidential information, intellectual property and data; sharing value with third parties; and realizing synergies that might have been available in an acquisition but are not available through a joint development project. We must manage product transitions and joint development relationships successfully, as the introduction of new products could adversely affect our sales of existing products and certain jointly developed technologies may be subject to restrictions on our ability to share that technology, which could limit our market for products incorporating those technologies. Future technologies, processes, or product developments, including as a result of adoption of AI, may render our current product offerings obsolete, leaving us with non-competitive products, obsolete inventory, or both. Moreover, customers may adopt new technologies or processes to address the complex challenges associated with next-generation devices, or may adopt new technologies, including those based upon AI, that reduce their reliance on us for process development. This shift could reduce the size of our addressable markets, increase the relative size of markets in which we either do not compete or have relatively low market share, or reduce our competitiveness within the markets in which we do compete.

We Face a Challenging and Complex Competitive Environment

We face significant competition from multiple competitors, and our competitors may be able to develop products comparable or superior to those we offer or may adapt more quickly to new technologies or evolving customer requirements. In particular, while we continue to develop product enhancements that we believe will address future customer requirements, we may fail in a timely manner to identify those future customer requirements, to devote appropriate resources to developing products to address those requirements, or to complete the development or introduction of these additional product enhancements successfully, or these product enhancements may not achieve market acceptance or be competitive. Accordingly, competition may intensify, and we may be unable to continue to compete successfully in our markets, which could have a material adverse effect on our revenues, results of operations, and financial condition.

With increased consolidation efforts in our industry, as well as the emergence and strengthening of new, regional competitors and the impact of AI, we may face increasing competitive pressures. Other companies continue to develop systems and/or acquire businesses and products that are competitive to ours and may introduce new products and product capabilities that may affect our ability to sell and support our existing or new products. We face a greater risk if our competitors enter into strategic relationships with leading semiconductor manufacturers covering products addressing applications similar to those we sell or may develop products for, as this could adversely affect our ability to sell products to those manufacturers for those applications. We also face greater risk if our competitors acquire, or otherwise obtain control over, third parties that supply us with key intellectual property, technology, materials, components, software, or other inputs critical to our products and processes, as this could limit or condition our access to these inputs, result in the termination or non‐renewal of licenses or supply arrangements, restrict our ability to use or develop certain technologies, or otherwise disadvantage us relative to our competitors, which could adversely affect our product development, processes, and competitive position.

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We believe that to remain competitive we must devote significant financial resources to offer products that meet our customers’ needs, to maintain customer service and support centers worldwide, and to invest in product and process R&D. Technological changes and developing technologies have required, and are expected to continue to require, new and costly investments. Certain of our competitors, including those that are created and financially backed by foreign governments, have substantially greater financial resources and more extensive engineering, manufacturing, marketing, and customer service and support resources than we do and therefore have the potential to offer customers a more comprehensive array of products and/or product capabilities, which enables them to achieve additional relative success in the semiconductor equipment industry. These competitors may deeply discount or give away products similar to those that we sell, challenging or even exceeding our ability to make similar accommodations and threatening our ability to sell those products. We also face competition from our own customers, who in some instances have established affiliated entities that manufacture equipment similar to ours. In addition, we face competition from companies that exist in a more favorable legal or regulatory environment than we do, who are able to sell products for certain applications at certain customers that we are prohibited from selling to under applicable export controls, allowing the freedom of action in ways that we may be unable to match and potentially contributing to the strengthening of such companies’ ability to compete with us. In many cases, speed to solution is necessary for customer satisfaction and our competitors may be better positioned to achieve these objectives. For these reasons, we may fail to continue to compete successfully worldwide.

Once a Semiconductor Manufacturer Commits to Purchase a Competitor’s Semiconductor Manufacturing Equipment, the Manufacturer Typically Continues to Purchase That Competitor’s Equipment, Making It More Difficult for Us to Sell Our Equipment to That Customer

Semiconductor manufacturers must make a substantial investment to qualify and integrate wafer processing equipment into a semiconductor production line. We believe that once a semiconductor manufacturer selects a particular supplier’s processing equipment, the manufacturer generally relies upon that equipment for that specific production line application for an extended period of time, especially for customers that are more focused on tool reuse. Accordingly, we expect it to be more difficult to sell our products to a given customer for a product line application if that customer initially selects a competitor’s equipment for the same product line application.

The Semiconductor Capital Equipment Industry Is Subject to Variability and Periods of Rapid Growth or Decline; We Therefore Face Risks Related to Our Strategic Resource Allocation Decisions

The semiconductor capital equipment industry has historically been characterized by rapid changes in demand. Variability in our customers’ business plans may lead to changes in demand for our equipment and services, which could negatively impact our results of operations and cash flows. The variability in our customers’ investments during any particular period is dependent on several factors, including, but not limited to, electronics demand, economic conditions (both general and in the semiconductor and electronics industries), industry supply and demand, prices for semiconductors, and our customers’ ability to develop and manufacture increasingly complex and costly semiconductor devices. The changes in demand may require our management to adjust spending and other resources allocated to operating activities, which can be made more challenging due to the multi-year nature of investments made in certain technology programs and other initiatives.

During periods of rapid growth or decline in demand for our products and services, we may face significant challenges in maintaining adequate financial and business controls, management processes, information systems, and procedures for training, assimilating, and managing our workforce, and in appropriately sizing our supply chain infrastructure and facilities, work force, and other components of our business on a timely basis. If we do not adequately meet these challenges during periods of increasing or declining demand, our results of operations and financial condition may be negatively impacted.

We regularly assess our strategic resource allocation choices in response to the changing business environment. If we do not adequately adapt to the changing business environment, we may lack the infrastructure and resources to scale up our business to meet customer expectations and compete successfully during a period of growth, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, reputation, results of operations, financial condition, and/or our market share, or we may expand our capacity and resources too rapidly and/or beyond what is appropriate for the actual demand environment, which could result in excess fixed costs and have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition. For example, the growth of AI technologies and related infrastructure has been and is expected to continue to be a significant driver of capital equipment expenditures by semiconductor manufacturers across both the memory and non-memory market segments and requires us to respond (sometimes rapidly) to changes in demand for our products and services, including by expanding our equipment manufacturing capabilities and hiring additional personnel. If we are unable to effectively scale our business to meet our customers’ requirements in response to AI-driven demand, we may lose market share, and our business, reputation, results of operations, and financial condition could be harmed.

During transitional periods, as is the case with the rapid adoption of AI technologies, resource allocation decisions can have a significant impact on our future performance, particularly if we have not accurately anticipated industry changes. Our success will depend, to a significant extent, on the ability of our executive officers and other members of our senior management to identify and respond to these challenges effectively.

Future Declines in the Semiconductor Industry, and the Overall World Economic Conditions on Which It Is Significantly Dependent, Could Have a Material Adverse Impact on Our Results of Operations and Financial Condition

Our business depends on the capital equipment expenditures of semiconductor manufacturers, which in turn depend on the current and anticipated market demand for integrated circuits. With the consolidation of customers within the industry, the semiconductor

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capital equipment market has in the past experienced and may in the future experience rapid changes in demand driven both by changes in the market generally and the plans and requirements of particular customers. The economic, regulatory, political, and business conditions occurring nationally, globally, or in any of our key sales regions, which are often unpredictable, have historically impacted and may in the future impact customer demand for our products and services and normal commercial relationships with our customers, suppliers, and creditors. Additionally, in times of economic uncertainty, our customers’ budgets for our products, or their ability to access credit to purchase them, could be adversely affected. This would limit their ability to purchase our products and services. As a result, changing economic, regulatory, political or business conditions can cause material adverse changes to our results of operations and financial condition, including, but not limited to:

•a decline in demand for our products and/or services;

•an increase in reserves on accounts receivable due to our customers’ inability to pay us;

•an increase in reserves on inventory balances due to excess or obsolete inventory as a result of our inability to sell such inventory;

•valuation allowances on deferred tax assets;

•restructuring charges;

•asset impairments including the potential impairment of goodwill and other intangible assets;

•a decline in the value of our investments;

•exposure to claims from our suppliers for payment on inventory that is ordered in anticipation of customer purchases that do not come to fruition; and

•challenges maintaining reliable and uninterrupted sources of supply.

For example, the growth of AI technologies and related infrastructure has been and is expected to continue to be a significant driver of capital equipment expenditures of semiconductor manufacturers across both the memory and non-memory market segments we serve. However, customer decisions regarding the amount and timing of capital expenditures and the demand for our products and services could change rapidly and be impacted by factors outside of our control. These factors may include, without limitation: changes in actual or anticipated AI-driven demand for AI-related infrastructure or compute power to support AI models, tools, and other applications, including due to slower-than-anticipated adoption of AI technologies, increases in compute efficiency, or oversupply of AI-related infrastructure compute power; advances in fabrication processes, technology inflections or changes in technology architectures; new and emerging technologies or market drivers; actual or anticipated production capacity, utilization, and volumes of semiconductor manufacturers relative to demand for semiconductor devices; changes in end-user demand or behavior; the timing of or constraints on increases to AI-related infrastructure or semiconductor manufacturing capacity; the availability and cost of capital, including increases in interest rates or tightening in global capital markets; the availability and amount of government subsidies and incentives; the regulation of AI or related infrastructure technologies by government or other regulatory agencies; and geopolitical or macroeconomic instability, including wars, terrorism, political unrest, public health emergencies, inflation, recessionary conditions, trade restrictions, export controls, boycotts, and other business disruptions.

Fluctuating levels of investment by semiconductor manufacturers may materially affect our aggregate shipments, revenues, results of operations, and cash flows. Where appropriate, we endeavor to attempt to respond to these fluctuations with cost management programs aimed at aligning our expenditures with anticipated revenue streams, which sometimes result in restructuring charges. Even during periods of reduced revenues, we must continue to invest in R&D and maintain extensive ongoing worldwide customer service and support capabilities to remain competitive, which may harm our profitability and other financial results.

We Have a Limited Number of Key Customers

Sales to a limited number of large customers constitute a significant portion of our overall shipments, revenue, cash flows, and profitability. As a result, the actions of even one customer may subject us to variability in those areas is difficult to predict. In addition, large customers may be able to negotiate requirements that result in decreased pricing, increased costs, and/or lower margins for us, and limitations on our ability to share technology with others. Similarly, significant portions of our credit risk may, at any given time, be concentrated among a limited number of customers so that the failure of even one of these key customers to pay its obligations to us could significantly impact our results of operations, and financial condition.

Strategic Alliances and Customer Consolidation May Have Negative Effects on Our Business

Semiconductor manufacturing companies from time to time enter into strategic alliances or consolidate with one another to expedite the development of processes and other manufacturing technologies and/or achieve economies of scale. The outcomes of such an alliance can be the definition of a particular tool set for a certain function and/or the standardization of a series of process steps that use a specific set of manufacturing equipment. In addition, the outcomes of consolidation can potentially lead to an overall reduction in the market for semiconductor manufacturing equipment as customers’ operations achieve economies of scale and/or increased purchasing power based on their higher volumes. In certain instances, this could work to our disadvantage if a competitor’s tools or equipment become the standard equipment for such functions or processes. Additional outcomes of such consolidation may include our customers re-evaluating their future supplier relationships to consider our competitors’ products and/or gaining additional influence over the pricing of products and the control of intellectual property or data.

Similarly, our customers may partner with, or follow the lead of, educational or research institutions that establish processes for accomplishing various tasks or manufacturing steps. If those institutions utilize a competitor’s equipment when they establish those processes, it is likely that customers will tend to use the same equipment in setting up their own manufacturing lines. Even if they select our equipment, the institutions and the customers that follow their lead could impose conditions on acceptance of that

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equipment, such as adherence to standards and requirements or limitations on how we license our proprietary rights, that increase our costs or require us to take on greater risk. These actions could adversely impact our market share, results of operations, and financial condition.

BUSINESS AND OPERATIONAL RISKS

Our Revenues and Results of Operations Are Variable

Our revenues and results of operations may fluctuate significantly from quarter to quarter or year to year due to a number of factors, not all of which are in our control. We manage our expense levels based in part on our expectations of future revenues. Because our operating expenses are based in part on anticipated future revenues, and a certain amount of those expenses are relatively fixed, a change in the timing of recognition of revenue and/or the level of gross profit from a small number of transactions can unfavorably affect results of operations in a particular quarter or year. Factors that may cause our results of operations to fluctuate include, but are not limited to:

•legal, tax, accounting, or regulatory changes (including, but not limited to, changes in import/export regulations and tariffs, such as regulations imposed by the U.S. government restricting exports to China or regulations imposed by other countries restricting the export of certain materials or the re-export of products containing such materials, or potential additional tariffs on imports, and tariffs imposed by other countries) or changes in the interpretation or enforcement of existing requirements;

•the impact of stagnating or worsening business and economic conditions, including inflationary pressures, general economic slowdown or a recession, actual or anticipated changes in interest rates, reductions in government spending or other changes in monetary policy, or adverse financial or commodity markets activity or macroeconomic conditions, including as a result of geopolitical conflicts;

•changes in average selling prices, customer mix, and product mix;

•foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations;

•economic conditions in the electronics and semiconductor industries in general and specifically the semiconductor equipment industry;

•changes in industry trends or demand drivers for semiconductor chips and semiconductor equipment, including changes in the level of investment in AI and related infrastructure;

•the size and timing of orders from customers;

•changes in our deferred revenue balance, including as a result of factors such as volume purchase agreements, multi-year service contracts, back orders, and down payments toward purchases;

•consolidation of the customer base, which may result in the investment decisions of one customer or market having a significant effect on demand for our products or services;

•the failure of our suppliers or outsource providers to perform their obligations in a manner consistent with our expectations or to meet increases in demand for their products or services, including due to limited production capacity or constrained access to raw materials or components (such as rare earth elements), which could result in delays, higher costs, or an inability to fulfill orders;

•the impact of manufacturing difficulties or constraints on expanding manufacturing capacity by us or our customers or suppliers;

•customer cancellations or delays in shipments, installations, customer payments, and/or customer acceptances;

•the extent that customers continue to purchase and use our products and services in their business;

•any disruption to our relationship with, or loss of business from, customers, including due to actual or alleged non-compliance with contractual or other customer requirements, applicable laws, rules, or regulations, or breaches of customer trust;

•our customers’ reuse of existing and installed products, to the extent that such reuse decreases their need to purchase new products or services;

•our ability to develop, introduce, and market new, enhanced, and competitive products in a timely manner;

•our competitors’ introduction of new products;

•legal or technical challenges to our products and technologies;

•transportation, communication, demand, information technology, or supply disruptions based on factors outside our control, such as strikes, force majeure events, wars, terrorist activities, international conflict, epidemics, pandemics, outbreaks of diseases or other global health emergencies, or natural or man-made disasters (including disasters resulting from climate change), including earthquakes, wildfires, hurricanes, flooding, and heat waves;

•management of supply chain risks; and

•changes in our estimated effective tax rate.

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Our Business Relies on Technology, Data, Intellectual Property and Other Sensitive Information That is Susceptible to Cybersecurity and Other Threats or Incidents

Our business is dependent upon the use and protection of technology, data, intellectual property and other sensitive information, which may be owned by, or licensed to, us or third parties, such as our customers and vendors. We maintain and rely upon certain critical information systems for the creation, transmission, use and storage of much of this information, and for the effective operation of our business. These information systems include, but are not limited to, telecommunications, the Internet, our corporate intranet, various computer hardware and software applications (some of which may be integrated into the products that we sell or be required in order to provide the services that we offer), network communications, and email. These information systems may be owned and maintained by us, our outsourced providers, or third parties such as vendors, contractors, customers and Cloud providers. In addition, we make use of Software-as-a-Service (“SaaS”) products for certain important business functions that are provided by third parties and hosted on their own networks and servers, or third-party networks and servers, all of which rely on networks, email and/or the Internet for their function.

The technology, data, intellectual property and other sensitive information we seek to protect, and the information systems used to store, process, or transmit such information, are subject to loss, unauthorized access, unauthorized release, misappropriation, misuse, disruption, breach, degradation, or failure, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business or operations. Such events may result from various possible causes, including mistakes or unauthorized actions by our employees, contractors, or other third parties, or cyberattacks or other malicious activities by third parties, including industrial, corporate, or other espionage, criminal hackers, or state-sponsored intrusions, by methods that include exploitation of known or unknown software or hardware vulnerabilities, viruses, malware, ransomware, social engineering (such as phishing schemes), credential harvesting, denial of service attacks, destructive or inadequate code, software or hardware failure, power failures, or physical damage to computers, hard drives, communication lines, or networking equipment, in each case with respect to us or the third-party product and service providers upon which we rely. We or our third-party product and service providers may not be able to anticipate, identify, or implement effective preventive measures against cyberattacks or data security incidents and, even if timely identified, we or our third-party product and service providers may not be able to remediate such attacks or incidents in a timely and effective manner, or to mitigate or avoid adverse impacts resulting from any such attacks or incidents. These threats continue to evolve and may include the use of tools and techniques that change frequently or may be disguised or difficult to detect, or designed to circumvent security controls, evade detection, or remove forensic evidence, or remain dormant until a triggering event, or that may continue undetected for an extended period of time, which may hinder our or our third-party product and service providers’ ability to identify, investigate, and remediate attacks or incidents in a timely and effective manner, or to mitigate or avoid adverse impacts resulting from any such attacks or incidents. In addition, the development and deployment of AI models, tools, and other applications expose us, our customers, suppliers, and other third-party providers to increased and novel risks and vulnerabilities, including prompt injection, hallucinations, errors, and other issues related to AI agents, as well as the risk of compromise of valuable intellectual property. For example, the autonomous nature of agentic AI increases the risk that agents learn to circumvent security controls, and certain generative AI systems and large language models may, in order to satisfy user prompts, access or retrieve data using the credentials, permissions, or access rights of the user or connected systems, which may increase the risk of unauthorized access, data leakage, or improper use of sensitive or proprietary information. To the extent AI capabilities improve and are increasingly adopted, they may be used to introduce, identify, or exploit vulnerabilities and to implement increasingly sophisticated cybersecurity attacks and could materially and adversely impact our business or operations. In addition, even if we or our third-party product and service providers are able to develop patches or other mitigations to address newly identified vulnerabilities, the pace at which AI enables the discovery and exploitation of such vulnerabilities may exceed our or our third-party product and service providers’ ability to implement such patches and mitigations quickly enough to prevent the exploitation of such vulnerabilities.

We experience cybersecurity and other threats and incidents in the course of our operations. Although past threats and incidents have not resulted in a material adverse effect, we may incur material losses related to cybersecurity and other threats or incidents in the future. Cybersecurity or other incidents could have a material adverse effect on our business. Such adverse effects might include:

•loss of (or inability to access, e.g. through ransomware) confidential and/or sensitive information stored on these critical information systems or transmitted to or from those systems;

•the shutdown or disruption of the proper function of our products, services and/or operations;

•the failure of our or our customers’ manufacturing processes;

•errors in the output of our work or our customers’ work;

•the loss or public exposure of the personal or other confidential information of our employees, customers or other parties;

•the unauthorized public release of customer financial and business plans, customer orders and operational results;

•exposure to claims from our employees or third parties who are adversely impacted by such incidents;

•misappropriation or theft of our or a customer’s, supplier’s or other party’s assets or resources, including technology, data, intellectual property or other sensitive information and costs associated therewith;

•reputational damage;

•diminution in the value of our investment in research, development and engineering; or

•our failure to meet, or violation of, regulatory or other legal obligations, such as the timely publication or filing of financial statements, tax information, and other required communications.

While we have implemented International Organization for Standardization (“ISO”) 27001 compliant security procedures and virus protection software, intrusion prevention systems, identity and access control, and emergency recovery processes, and we carefully

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select our third-party providers of information systems, to mitigate risks to the information systems that we rely on and to the technology, data, intellectual property and other sensitive information we seek to protect, those security procedures and mitigation and protection systems cannot be guaranteed to be fail-safe, and we may still suffer cybersecurity and other incidents, which could have a material adverse effect on our business or operations. It has been difficult and may continue to be difficult to hire and retain employees with substantial cybersecurity acumen. In addition, there have been and may continue to be instances of our policies and procedures not being effective in enabling us to identify risks, threats and incidents in a timely manner, or at all, to mitigate the impact of such incidents when they occur, or to respond expediently, appropriately and effectively when incidents occur and repair any damage caused by such incidents, and such occurrences could have a material adverse effect on our business.

We Use Artificial Intelligence in Our Business, and Challenges with Properly Managing Its Use Could Result in Reputational Harm, Competitive Harm, and Legal Liability, and Materially and Adversely Affect Our Results of Operations.

We are increasingly using AI tools as part of our business, including internally developed machine learning tools and large language models provided by third parties. For example, we use or are seeking to use AI tools to enhance research and development, manufacturing, installation, and servicing of our products, services delivery, supply chain management, sales and marketing, and compliance activities. We are also pursuing additional opportunities to incorporate AI tools, including agentic AI, into our business, including our products and services, and we expect this trend to continue. There are significant risks involved in developing and deploying AI, and there can be no assurance that our usage of AI will enhance our business, products or services, including our productivity, operational efficiency, effectiveness, or profitability. For example, if the AI tools we utilize are flawed or fail to execute properly, our ability to deliver our products and services to our customers may be adversely impacted. In addition, our competitors may incorporate AI tools into their products or operational processes more quickly or more successfully than us, which could have a material adverse effect on our competitive position, reputation and results of operations.

The intellectual property rights, including patent and copyright rights, associated with artificial intelligence have not been fully addressed by U.S. and foreign courts, and there remains uncertainty and ongoing litigation in different jurisdictions as to the degree and extent of protection warranted for artificial intelligence-generated technologies and relevant system inputs and outputs. The courts and regulators have not clearly defined the scope for artificial intelligence-generated content, algorithms or trained models. If we fail to secure or maintain protection for the intellectual property rights concerning technologies developed using artificial intelligence, or later have our intellectual property rights invalidated or otherwise diminished, our competitors may be able to take advantage of our research and development efforts to develop competing products, which could adversely affect our business, reputation, results of operations, or financial condition.

Our use or future adoption of artificial intelligence in our business, which may include tools developed by third parties, could expose us to breach of a data or software license, website terms of service claims, claimed violations of privacy rights or other tort claims. Further, although we have taken measures to prohibit such use, our employees’ use of third-party or publicly available artificial intelligence or other software tools may inadvertently result in the disclosure of our intellectual property, proprietary information or other sensitive or confidential data into the public domain, which could expose us to legal liability, diminish the value of our intellectual property, weaken our competitive position and harm our reputation.

Our Future Success Depends Heavily on International Sales and the Management of Global Operations

Non-U.S. sales accounted for approximately 93% of total revenue in each of the fiscal years 2026, 2025, and 2024. We expect that international sales will continue to account for a substantial majority of our total revenue in future years.

We are subject to various challenges related to international sales and the management of global operations including, but not limited to:

•domestic and international trade regulations, policies, practices, relations, disputes, and issues;

•domestic and international tariffs, export controls, and other barriers;

•developing customers and/or suppliers who may have limited access to capital resources;

•global or national economic and political conditions;

•changes in currency controls;

•differences in the enforcement of intellectual property and contract rights in varying jurisdictions;

•our ability to respond to customer and foreign government demands for locally sourced systems, spare parts, and services and to develop the necessary relationships with local suppliers;

•changes in and compliance with U.S. and international laws and regulations affecting foreign operations, including U.S. and international trade restrictions and sanctions, international data privacy regulations, such as the General Data Protection Regulation, anti-bribery, anti-corruption, anti-boycott, environmental, tax, and labor laws;

•fluctuations in interest and foreign currency exchange rates;

•the need for technical support resources in different locations; and

•our ability to secure and retain qualified people, and effectively manage people, in all necessary locations for the successful operation of our business.

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There is inherent risk that political, diplomatic and national security influences can lead to trade disputes, impacts and/or disruptions, in particular those affecting the semiconductor industry. This can adversely affect our business in China, Japan, Korea, and/or Taiwan and perhaps the entire Asia Pacific region or worldwide. A significant trade dispute, impact, and/or disruption in any area where we do business could have a materially adverse impact on our future results of operations and cash flows. For example, the conflict that began in February 2026 between the United States, Israel, a number of states in the Persian Gulf, and Iran has led to significant regional instability and disruption in the Middle East, including the closure of or restrictions on the Strait of Hormuz, threatened or actual attacks on vessels in the Red Sea, and threatened or actual attacks on transportation and energy infrastructure, which has significantly and adversely affected the supply and prices of oil, refined oil products and byproducts, liquid natural gas, as well as certain other industrial commodities, such as aluminum, helium, bromine, and sulfur. Some of these commodities are important to the semiconductor industry. As a result, this instability and disruption has adversely affected, and may in the future materially and adversely affect, our business, results of operations, and financial condition. The extent to which we may be affected by this conflict will depend on various factors, including the scope, severity, and duration of the conflict and the extent to which the conflict, or additional laws, sanctions, or trade restrictions arising from or related to the conflict, further disrupt the availability or cost of critical inputs used in the semiconductor industry. Continuation or escalation of this conflict may also magnify the impact of other risks identified in this 2026 Form 10-K.

Tariffs, export controls, additional taxes, trade barriers, sanctions, the termination or modification of trade agreements, trade zones, and other duty mitigation initiatives, and any reciprocal retaliatory actions, can increase our manufacturing costs, decrease margins, reduce the competitiveness of our products, disrupt our supply chain operations, or inhibit our ability to sell products or provide services, all of which has had and in the future could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, or financial condition. For example, our business requires steel and aluminum to manufacture our products, and the imposition of tariffs on steel and aluminum imports into the United States increased our manufacturing costs in fiscal year 2026, which adversely impacted our margins. Certain of our international sales depend on our ability to obtain export licenses from the U.S. or foreign governments. Our inability to obtain such licenses, or an expansion of the number or kinds of sales for which export licenses are required, has limited and could in the future further limit the market for our products and has had and could in the future have an adverse impact on our revenues. As is discussed below under the heading “Our Sales to Customers in China, a Significant Region for Us, Have Been Impacted, and are Likely to Be Materially and Adversely Affected by Export License Requirements and Other Regulatory Changes, or Other Governmental Actions in the Course of the Trade Relationship Between the U.S. and China,” the U.S. government has in recent years imposed new controls, including expanded export license requirements and restrictions on sales to certain Chinese entities that significantly impact trade with China. In addition, the U.S. government has an ongoing process of assessing technologies that may be subject to new or additional export controls, and it is possible that such additional controls, if and when imposed, could further adversely impact our ability to sell our products outside the United States. The implementation by the U.S. government of broad export controls restricting access to our technology (such as recent controls limiting exports to China) may cause customers with international operations to reconsider their use of and reliance on our products, which could adversely impact our future revenue and profits and strengthen competitors who are not subject to such restrictions. Furthermore, there are risks that foreign governments may, among other things, take retaliatory actions; insist on the use of local suppliers; compel companies to partner with local companies to design and supply equipment on a local basis, requiring the transfer of intellectual property rights and/or local manufacturing; utilize their influence over their judicial systems to respond to intellectual property disputes or issues; and provide special incentives to government-backed local customers to buy from local competitors, even if their products are inferior to ours; all of which could adversely impact our ability to compete as well as our revenues and margins. For example, China is the primary source of supply of certain rare earth elements critical to the manufacture of certain of our products. The Chinese government has imposed export controls and license requirements on certain rare earth elements and on certain products that contain Chinese-origin rare earth elements that are manufactured outside of China (which have been suspended in part until November 2026 (unless extended)) and could expand such controls or licensing requirements in the future. Such measures could delay or prevent our suppliers from sourcing the materials, or producing the components, required for us to manufacture our products, and increase the costs of such materials or components. In addition, to the extent these controls require us to obtain export licenses for certain products manufactured outside of China, we would experience increased compliance burdens, may be unable to obtain the required licenses, and may be unable to obtain materials or components necessary to meet our production requirements or product specifications in a timely manner, or at all, or on commercially acceptable terms. The occurrence of any of these risks could materially and adversely affect our business, results of operations, financial condition, and margins.

Our customers (and their customers and other downstream parties) may also be adversely affected by the tariffs, export controls, and other trade issues described above. Additionally, certain materials are primarily available in a limited number of countries, including rare earth elements, minerals, and metals. The supplies, equipment, raw materials, and other inputs necessary for the businesses of our customers and other downstream parties could become more difficult to obtain for various reasons, including, but not limited to, business interruptions of suppliers, reduced availability of labor, transit disruptions, consolidation in their supply chain, export controls, sanctions, trade restrictions, tariffs, geopolitical tensions, economic circumstances, conflict, or political conditions. If the ability of downstream parties to source the inputs needed to produce their products is impaired, then demand for our products may be adversely impacted. This could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, or financial condition.

We are exposed to potentially adverse movements in foreign currency exchange rates. The majority of our sales and expenses are denominated in U.S. dollars. However, we are exposed to foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations primarily related to revenues denominated in Japanese yen and expenses denominated in euro, Korean won, Malaysian ringgit, and Indian rupee. Currently, we hedge certain anticipated foreign currency cash flows, primarily anticipated revenues denominated in Japanese yen and expenses denominated in euro, Korean won, Malaysian ringgit, and Indian rupee. In addition, we enter into foreign currency hedge contracts to

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minimize the short-term impact of the foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations on certain foreign currency denominated monetary assets and liabilities, primarily cash, third-party accounts receivables, accounts payables, and intercompany receivables and payables. We believe these are our primary exposures to currency rate fluctuation. We expect to continue to enter into hedging transactions, for the purposes outlined, for the foreseeable future. However, these hedging transactions may not achieve their desired effect because differences between the actual timing of the underlying exposures and our forecasts of those exposures may leave us either over or under hedged on any given transaction. Moreover, by hedging these foreign currency denominated revenues, expenses, monetary assets, and liabilities, we may miss favorable currency trends that would have been advantageous to us but for the hedges. Additionally, we are exposed to short-term foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations on non-U.S. dollar-denominated monetary assets and liabilities (other than those currency exposures previously discussed), and currently we do not enter into foreign currency hedge contracts against these exposures. Therefore, we are subject to potential unfavorable foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations to the extent that we transact business (including intercompany transactions) in these currencies.

The magnitude of our overseas business also affects where our cash is generated. Certain uses of cash, such as share repurchases, payment of dividends, or the repayment of our indebtedness, can usually only be made with onshore cash balances. Since the majority of our cash is generated outside of the United States, this may impact certain business decisions and outcomes with respect to our priorities for the use of cash or the need for alternative sources of liquidity if our subsidiaries are unable to provide sufficient funds for us.

Disruptions to Our Supply Chain and Outsource Providers Could Impact Our Ability to Meet Demand, Increase Our Costs, and Adversely Impact Our Revenue and Results of Operations

Our supply chain has played and will continue to play a key role in our product development, manufacturing operations, field installation, and customer support. Our business depends on our timely supply of products and services to meet the demand from our customers, which depends in significant part on the timely delivery of parts, materials, and services, including components and subassemblies, from our direct suppliers to us, and to our direct suppliers by other companies. In addition, outsource providers have played and will continue to play a key role both in the manufacturing and customer-focused operations described above, and in many of our transactional and administrative functions, such as information technology, facilities management, and certain elements of our finance organization. These providers and suppliers might suffer financial setbacks, be acquired by third parties that restrict or preclude further business with us, become subject to exclusivity arrangements that preclude further business with us, or be unable to meet our requirements or expectation due to their independent business decisions or force majeure events that could interrupt or impair their continued ability to perform as we expect. We may also experience significant interruptions of our manufacturing operations, delays in our ability to deliver or install products or perform services or to recognize revenue, increased costs, or customer order cancellations as a result of:

•the failure or inability to accurately forecast demand and obtain sufficient quantities of quality parts on a cost-effective basis;

•volatility in the availability and cost of parts, materials or services, including increased costs due to tariffs, foreign export controls, rising inflation or interest rates or other market conditions;

•difficulties or delays in obtaining required import or export approvals (including those that may be required under the Chinese export controls on rare earth elements described above);

•restrictions on the import and sale of products that incorporate technologies developed or manufactured in whole or in part in certain countries;

•shipment delays and increased costs of shipment due to transportation interruptions, capacity constraints, or fuel shortages;

•shortages of semiconductor or other components or materials as a result of increases in demand or decreases in supply, including as a result of export restrictions on particular parts or materials used by us or our direct or indirect suppliers;

•information technology or infrastructure failures, including those of a third-party supplier or service provider; and

•transportation or supply disruptions based on factors outside our control, such as strikes, force majeure events, wars, terrorist activities, international conflict, widespread outbreak of illness, or natural or man-made disasters (including disasters resulting from climate change), including earthquakes, wildfires, hurricanes, flooding, and heat waves.

Demand for electronic products and other factors have resulted in, and may in the future result in, a shortage of parts, materials, and services needed to manufacture, deliver, and install our products, as well as delays in and unpredictability of shipments due to transportation interruptions. Such shortages, delays, and unpredictability have adversely impacted, and may in the future impact, our suppliers’ ability to meet our demand requirements. Difficulties in obtaining sufficient and timely supply of parts, materials, or services, and delays in and unpredictability of shipments due to transportation interruptions, have adversely impacted, and may in the future adversely impact, our manufacturing operations and our ability to meet customer demand. In addition, difficulties in obtaining parts, materials or services necessary to deliver or install products or perform services have adversely impacted, and may in the future adversely impact, our ability to recognize revenue, our gross margins on the revenue we recognize, and our other results of operations. Although we are endeavoring to pass along some of the impact of increased costs to our customers to counteract adverse impacts to our gross margins and other results of operations, such measures could be unsuccessful, or could have the effect of reducing demand for our products or services, which would adversely impact our revenue or market share.

Further, increased restrictions imposed on a class of chemicals known as per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (or PFAS), which are widely used in a large number of products, including parts and materials that are incorporated into our products, may negatively impact our supply chain due to the potentially decreased availability, or non-availability, of PFAS-containing products. Proposed

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regulations under consideration could require that we transition away from the usage of PFAS-containing products, which could adversely impact our business, operations, revenue, costs, and competitive position. There is no assurance that suitable replacements for PFAS-containing parts and materials will be available at similar costs, or at all.

Although we attempt to select reputable providers and suppliers and we attempt to secure their performance on terms documented in written contracts, it is possible that one or more of these providers or suppliers could fail to perform as we expect, or fail to secure or protect intellectual property rights, and such failure could have an adverse impact on our business. In some cases, the requirements of our business mandate that we obtain certain components and sub-assemblies included in our products from a single supplier or a limited group of suppliers. Where practical, we endeavor to establish alternative sources to mitigate the risk that the failure of any single provider or supplier will adversely affect our business, but this is not feasible in all circumstances. Some key parts are subject to long lead-times or available only from a single supplier or limited group of suppliers, and some sourcing or subassembly is provided by suppliers located in countries other than the countries where we conduct our manufacturing. There is therefore a risk that a prolonged inability to obtain certain components or secure key services could impair our ability to manage operations, ship products, and generate revenues, which could adversely affect our results of operations or market share and damage our customer relationships.

We May Not Achieve the Expected Benefits of Our Restructuring Plans and Business Transformation Initiatives, and These Efforts Could Have a Material Adverse Effect on Our Business, Operations, Financial Condition, Results of Operations and Competitive Position

We have in the past undertaken, and may in the future undertake, business restructuring, realignment and transformation plans or initiatives. While such plans or initiatives would generally have the goal of strengthening our operations and/or achieving operational efficiencies, there can be no assurance that we will be successful in these plans and initiatives. Implementation of such plans and initiatives may be costly and disruptive to our business, we may not be able to complete them at the cost or within the time frame contemplated, and we may not be able to obtain the anticipated benefits within the projected timing or at all. Restructuring and transformation may adversely affect our internal programs and our ability to recruit and retain skilled and motivated personnel, may result in a loss of continuity, loss of accumulated knowledge and/or inefficiency during transitional periods, may require a significant amount of management and other employees' time and focus, and may be distracting to employees and management, which may divert attention from operating and growing our business. Additionally, reductions in our workforce may cause a reduction in our production output capabilities which could impact our ability to manufacture or ship products to customers within a mutually beneficial timeline. If we fail to achieve some or all of the expected benefits, it could have a material adverse effect on our business, operations, financial condition, results of operations and competitive position.

We Face Risks Related to the Disruption of Our Primary Manufacturing and R&D Facilities

While we maintain business continuity plans, our manufacturing and R&D facilities are concentrated in a limited number of locations. These locations are subject to disruption for a variety of reasons, such as natural or man-made disasters (including disasters resulting from climate change), including earthquakes, wildfires, hurricanes, flooding, and heat waves, epidemics, pandemics, outbreaks of diseases or other global health emergencies, force majeure events, war, terrorist activities, political or governmental unrest or instability, disruptions of our information technology resources, utility interruptions, international conflict, or other events beyond our control. Such disruptions may cause delays in developing or shipping our products, in engaging with customers on new product applications, or in supporting customers, which could result in the loss of business or customer trust, adversely affecting our business and results of operations.

We Are Subject to Risks Relating to Product Concentration and Lack of Product Revenue Diversification

We derive a substantial percentage of our revenues from a limited number of products. Our products are priced up to the tens of millions of dollars per system. As a result, the inability to recognize revenue on even a few systems can cause a significantly adverse impact on our revenues for a given quarter, and, in the longer term, the continued market acceptance of these products is critical to our future success. Our business, results of operations, financial condition, and cash flows could therefore be adversely affected by:

•a decline in demand for even a limited number of our products;

•a failure to achieve continued market acceptance of our key products;

•export restrictions or other regulatory or legislative actions that could limit our ability to sell those products to key customers or customers within certain markets;

•an improved version of products being offered by a competitor in the markets in which we participate;

•increased pressure from competitors that offer broader product lines;

•increased pressure from regional competitors;

•technological changes that we are unable to address with our products;

•slower than anticipated development of various target markets that utilize new technologies; or

•a failure to release new or enhanced versions of our products on a timely basis.

In addition, the fact that we offer limited product lines creates the risk that our customers may view us as less important to their business than our competitors that offer additional products and/or product capabilities, including new products that take advantage of “big data” or other new technologies such as machine learning and AI. This may impact our ability to maintain or expand our business with certain customers. Such product concentration may also subject us to additional risks associated with technology changes. Our business is affected by our customers’ use of our products in certain steps in their wafer fabrication processes. Should

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technologies change so that the manufacture of semiconductors requires fewer steps using our products, this could have a larger impact on our business than it would on the business of our less concentrated competitors.

We May Fail to Protect Our Critical Proprietary Technology Rights, Which Could Affect Our Business

Our success depends in part on our proprietary technology and the proprietary technology of others that we license or incorporate into our products and services, and our ability to protect key components of that technology through patents, copyrights, trade secrets and other forms of protection, including non-disclosure, confidentiality, and other types of contractual arrangements. The protection of our key proprietary technology and the technology of others upon which we rely is important to achieving our goals of developing technological expertise and new products and systems that give us a competitive advantage; increasing market penetration and growth of our installed base; and providing comprehensive support and service to our customers. For example, as part of our strategy to protect our technology, we currently hold a number of U.S. and foreign patents and pending patent applications, we hold exclusive licenses under certain intellectual property rights from third parties, and we keep certain information, processes, and techniques confidential and/or as trade secrets. However, our rights under these forms of protection afford us only limited protection and may not be adequate in all respects. For example, our owned or licensed intellectual property rights could be challenged, invalidated, circumvented, infringed, or misappropriated; we may fail to apply for or obtain sufficient patent protection for our technology; governments may fail to issue patents for pending applications; or we may lose confidentiality or trade secret protections over valuable information due to our, including our employees’, or third parties’ intentional or unintentional disclosure or other actions or omissions. Additionally, when we seek to exercise intellectual property rights, intellectual property litigation can be expensive and time-consuming and even if patents are issued, or trade secret processes are followed, the legal systems in certain of the countries in which we do business might not enforce patents and other intellectual property rights as rigorously or effectively as the United States or may favor local entities in their intellectual property enforcement. The rights granted or anticipated under any of our patents, pending patent applications, copyrights, or trade secrets (or those of third parties on which we rely) may be narrower than we expect or, in fact, provide no competitive advantages. Moreover, because we selectively file for patent protection in different jurisdictions, we may not have adequate protection in all jurisdictions based on such filing decisions. Any of these circumstances could have a material adverse impact on our business.

Our Ability to Attract, Retain, and Motivate Key Employees Is Critical to Our Success

Our ability to compete successfully depends in large part on our ability to attract, retain, and motivate key employees with the appropriate skills, experiences, and competencies. This has been and is expected to continue to be an ongoing challenge due to intense competition for top talent, fluctuations in industry or business economic conditions, as well as increasing geographic expansion, and these factors in combination may result in cycles of hiring activity and workforce reductions. For example, we are actively seeking to hire additional field and manufacturing personnel to support the growth of our business, and any failure to do so could make it difficult to achieve our operating and strategic goals. Competition for field and manufacturing personnel is intense. Some of the companies with which we compete for experienced employees have greater resources than us and may be able to offer more attractive terms of employment, and we may lose key employees or fail to attract other talented personnel. Our success in hiring and retaining employees depends on a variety of factors, including the attractiveness of our compensation and benefit programs, global economic or political and industry conditions, our organizational structure, global competition for talent and the availability of qualified employees, the availability of career development opportunities, the ability to obtain necessary authorizations for workers to provide services outside their home countries, and our ability to offer a challenging and rewarding work environment. If we are not able to successfully attract, retain, and motivate key employees, we may be unable to capitalize on market opportunities and our results of operations may be materially and adversely affected.

If We Choose to Acquire or Dispose of Businesses, Product Lines, and Technologies, We May Encounter Unforeseen Costs and Difficulties That Could Impair Our Financial Performance

An important element of our management strategy is to review acquisition prospects that would complement our existing products, augment our market coverage and distribution ability, enhance our technological capabilities, or accomplish other strategic objectives. As a result, we may seek to make acquisitions of complementary companies, products, or technologies, or we may reduce or dispose of certain product lines or technologies that no longer fit our long-term strategies. For regulatory or other reasons, we may not be successful in our attempts to acquire or dispose of businesses, products, or technologies, resulting in significant financial costs, reduced or lost opportunities, and diversion of management’s attention. Managing an acquired business, disposing of product technologies, or reducing personnel entails numerous operational and financial risks, including difficulties in assimilating acquired operations and new personnel or separating existing business or product groups, diversion of management’s attention away from other business concerns, amortization of acquired intangible assets, adverse customer reaction to our decision to cease support for a product, and potential loss of key employees or customers of acquired or disposed operations. There can be no assurance that we will be able to achieve and manage successfully any such integration of potential acquisitions, disposition of product lines or technologies, or reduction in personnel, or that our management, personnel, or systems will be adequate to support continued operations. Any such inabilities or inadequacies could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition, and/or cash flows.

In addition, any acquisition could result in changes such as potentially dilutive issuances of equity securities, the incurrence of debt and contingent liabilities, the amortization of related intangible assets, and goodwill impairment charges, any of which could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows, and/or the price of our Common Stock.

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LEGAL, REGULATORY AND TAX RISKS

Increasing and Evolving Environmental Regulations May Adversely Affect Our Results of Operations

We are subject to a variety of domestic and international governmental regulations related to the handling, discharge, sale, and disposal of toxic, volatile, or otherwise hazardous or potentially hazardous substances, and the regulatory environment is dynamic. Failure to comply with present or future environmental regulations (such as future regulations imposed on the use or sale of PFAS or PFAS-containing products) could result in fines being imposed on us, require us to undertake remediation activities, suspend production, and/or cease operations, or cause our customers to not accept our products. These regulations could require us to alter or discontinue our current operations in certain jurisdictions, acquire significant additional equipment, incur substantial other expenses to comply with environmental regulations, or take other actions. Compliance obligations, as well as any failure to comply with current or future regulations governing the use, handling, sale, transport, or disposal of hazardous or potentially hazardous substances (including, but not limited to, PFAS) could subject us to future costs and liabilities that may adversely affect our results of operations, financial condition, and ability to operate our business.

Our Sales to Customers in China, a Significant Region for Us, Have Been Impacted, and are Likely to Be Materially and Adversely Affected by Export License Requirements and Other Regulatory Changes, or Other Governmental Actions in the Course of the Trade Relationship Between the U.S. and China

China represents a large and fast-developing market for the semiconductor equipment industry and therefore is important to our business. Revenue in China, which includes global customers and domestic Chinese customers with manufacturing facilities in China, represented approximately 34%, 34%, and 42% of our total revenue for fiscal years 2026, 2025, and 2024, respectively. The U.S. and China have historically had a complex relationship that has included actions that have impacted trade between the two countries. In recent years, these actions have included an expansion of export license requirements imposed by the U.S. government, which have limited the market for our products, adversely impacted our revenues, and increased our exposure to foreign competition, and could potentially do so to an even greater extent in the future. Additionally, the U.S. government has enacted rules aimed at restricting China’s ability to manufacture advanced semiconductors, which include restrictions on exports, reexports or transfers to, or shipping, transmitting, transferring, or facilitating such movement to, or performing services at, customer facilities in China engaged in certain technology end-uses, without appropriate authorizations obtained from U.S. authorities. The U.S. Department of Commerce has also enacted rules that have expanded export license requirements for U.S. companies to sell certain items to companies and other end-users in China that are designated as military end-users or have operations that could support military end uses; has added additional Chinese companies to its restricted entity list and unverified list under suspicion of military-civil fusion, support of Russia, or other factors associated with a broadening scope of national security concerns; and has expanded an existing rule (referred to as the foreign direct product rule) in a manner that could cause foreign-made wafers, chipsets, and certain related items produced with many of our products to be subject to U.S. licensing requirements if Huawei Technologies Co. Ltd (“Huawei”) or its affiliates are parties to a transaction involving the items. These rules have required and may require us to apply for and obtain additional export licenses to supply certain of our products to customers in China, and there is no assurance that we will be issued licenses that we apply for on a timely basis or at all. In addition, our customers (including, but not limited to, Chinese customers) may require U.S. export licenses for the use of our products in order to manufacture products, including semiconductor wafers and integrated circuits, for those of their customers (i.e. Huawei and its affiliates) that are subject to the expanded foreign direct product rule, which may adversely impact the demand for our products. The U.S. Department of Commerce could in the future add additional Chinese companies to its restricted entity list or unverified list or take other actions that could expand licensing requirements or otherwise impact the market for our products and our revenue. The implementation, interpretation, and impact on our business of these rules and other regulatory actions taken by the U.S. government is uncertain and evolving, and these rules, other regulatory actions or changes, and other actions taken by the governments of either the U.S. or China, or both, that have occurred and may occur in the future could weaken our competitive position and materially and adversely affect our results of operations.

Intellectual Property, Indemnity, Misuse of Third-Party Information, and Other Claims Against Us Can Be Costly and We Could Lose Significant Rights That Are Necessary to Our Continued Business and Profitability

Third parties may assert infringement, misappropriation, unfair competition, product liability, breach of contract, or other claims against us. From time to time, other persons allege that our products infringe or misappropriate their patent or other intellectual property rights. In addition, law enforcement authorities may investigate or seek criminal charges against us or our employees based on actual or alleged improper receipt or misuse of designated technology, intellectual property, or other confidential information of third parties, including customers, suppliers, other business partners, or competitors, including in connection with national or economic security measures intended to protect designated technologies. We also are subject to claims arising from commercial and other relationships, including those alleging infringement, misappropriation, breach of contract, and misuse of designated technology, intellectual property, or other confidential information. In addition, our bylaws and other indemnity obligations provide that we will indemnify officers and members of our Board of Directors against losses that they may incur in legal proceedings resulting from their service to us. From time to time, in the normal course of business, we indemnify third parties with whom we enter into contractual relationships, including customers and suppliers, with respect to certain matters. We have agreed, under certain conditions, to hold these third parties harmless against specified losses, such as those arising from a breach of representations or covenants, other third-party claims that our products when used for their intended purposes infringe the intellectual property rights of such other third parties, or other claims made against certain parties. In such cases, it is our policy either to defend the claims or to negotiate licenses or other settlements on commercially reasonable terms. However, we may be unable in the future to negotiate necessary licenses or reach agreement on other settlements on commercially reasonable terms, or at all. Any litigation or investigations relating to these claims by law enforcement or other parties may materially and adversely affect our business, results of operations, and financial

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condition, and we and our employees may be subject to civil or criminal liability, fines, substantial damage awards, penalties, loss of customer trust, and reputational damage, or could result in us agreeing to less favorable pricing terms, additional compliance requirements or contractual conditions, all of which could adversely affect our business, financial condition, and/or results of operations. Moreover, although we have insurance to protect us from certain claims and cover certain losses to our property, such insurance may not cover us for the full amount of any losses, or at all, and may be subject to substantial exclusions and deductibles.

We Are Exposed to Various Risks from Our Regulatory Environment

We are subject to various risks in the jurisdictions in which we operate related to (1) new, different, inconsistent, or even conflicting laws, rules, and regulations that may be enacted by legislative or executive bodies and/or regulatory agencies; (2) disagreements or disputes related to international trade; and (3) the interpretation and application of laws, rules, and regulations. As a public company with global operations, we are subject to the laws of multiple jurisdictions and the rules and regulations of various governing bodies, including, but not limited to, those related to import and export controls and other trade restrictions, national and economic security (including receipt or use of designated technologies), intellectual property rights, taxes, financial and other disclosures, corporate governance, data protection, privacy, anti-corruption, such as the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and other local laws prohibiting corrupt payments to governmental officials, anti-boycott compliance, conflict minerals or other social responsibility legislation, immigration or travel regulations, antitrust regulations, foreign ownership and investment, employment and labor, product and manufacturing regulations, environmental, health, and safety requirements, human rights, and laws or regulations relating to carbon emissions, such as the recent reporting requirements imposed by the State of California that require companies to provide climate-related disclosures, as well as other laws or regulations imposed in response to climate change concerns, among others. Each of these laws, rules, and regulations imposes costs on our business, including financial costs and our management’s attention associated with compliance, that could adversely impact our competitive position and our ability to meet customer demand. There have been, and may continue to be, instances of our compliance policies and procedures not being effective to ensure full compliance with all of the laws, rules and regulations to which we are subject. Such instances of non-compliance have presented and may present risks to our business, including the risk of legal, administrative, or regulatory proceedings, claims, demands, inquiries or investigations, fines, criminal penalties, restrictions on our actions or conduct of our business, loss of customer trust, and reputational damage. The occurrence of any of these risks could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, and/or results of operations.

To maintain high standards of corporate governance and public disclosure, we intend to continue to invest appropriate resources to comply with evolving standards. Changes in or ambiguous interpretations of laws, regulations, and standards, the speed with which new regulations may be enacted and come into effect, and increasing numbers of overlapping and sometimes inconsistent requirements imposed by regulatory authorities may increase the complexity of our regulatory environment and create uncertainty regarding compliance matters or instances where we may not be in compliance. Efforts to comply with new and changing regulations have resulted in, and are likely to continue to result in, reduced net income, increased capital expenditures, and a diversion of management’s time and attention from revenue-generating activities to compliance activities. As we seek to expand our operations into new jurisdictions, grow our business in existing jurisdictions, or as laws, regulations, and standards, or the interpretation or enforcement of such laws, regulations, and standards, evolve, the scope and complexity of our compliance obligations may increase, and we may fail to comply with such laws, regulations, and standards. If we are alleged or found by a court or regulatory agency not to be in compliance with the laws, regulations, or standards, our business, financial condition, competitive position, and/or results of operations could be adversely affected.

Our Financial Results May Be Adversely Impacted by Higher than Expected Tax Rates or Exposure to Additional Tax Liabilities

We are subject to income, transaction, and other taxes in the United States and various foreign jurisdictions, and judgment is required to determine worldwide tax liabilities. The amount of taxes we pay is subject to ongoing audits in various jurisdictions, and a material assessment by a governing tax authority could affect our profitability. As a global company, our effective tax rate is highly dependent upon the geographic composition of worldwide earnings and tax regulations governing each region. Changes in the split of earnings between countries with differing statutory tax rates, in the valuation allowance of deferred tax assets, in tax laws, in material audit assessments, or in expirations of agreements with tax authorities could adversely affect our effective tax rate. In particular, the carrying value of deferred tax assets, which are predominantly in the United States, is dependent upon our ability to generate future taxable income in the United States.

Our Bylaws Designate the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware as the Sole and Exclusive Judicial Forum for Certain Legal Actions Between the Company and its Stockholders, Which May Discourage Lawsuits with Respect to Such Claims

Our bylaws provide that, unless we consent otherwise, the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware will be the sole and exclusive forum for lawsuits asserting certain stockholder claims (including claims asserted derivatively for our benefit), such as claims against directors and officers for breach of a fiduciary duty, claims arising under any provision of the General Corporation Law of Delaware or our certificate of incorporation or our bylaws, or claims governed by the internal affairs doctrine. This is a general summary of the bylaw provision; you should refer to the language of the bylaws for details. While the forum provision does not generally apply to direct claims arising under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 or the Securities Act of 1933, derivative lawsuits that assert legal claims arising under these statutes could fall within the provision, as recent court decisions have held.

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As a Delaware corporation, Delaware law controls issues of our internal affairs, including duties that our directors, officers, employees, and others owe to the Company and its stockholders. We believe that our exclusive forum provision benefits us, and our stockholders, by permitting relatively prompt resolution of lawsuits concerning our internal affairs, promoting consistent application of Delaware law in these lawsuits, and reducing the possibility of duplicative, costly, multi-jurisdictional litigation with the potential for inconsistent outcomes. However, the forum provision limits a stockholder’s ability to bring a claim in a judicial forum that it believes may be more favorable than Delaware, and this could discourage the filing of such lawsuits.

FINANCIAL, ACCOUNTING AND CAPITAL MARKETS RISKS

The Market for Our Common Stock Is Volatile, Which May Affect Our Ability to Raise Capital or Make Acquisitions or May Subject Our Business to Additional Costs

The market price for our Common Stock is volatile and has fluctuated significantly over the past years. The trading price of our Common Stock could continue to be highly volatile and fluctuate widely in response to a variety of factors, many of which are not within our control or influence. These factors include, but are not limited to, the following:

•general market, semiconductor, or semiconductor equipment industry conditions;

•economic or political events, trends, and unexpected developments occurring nationally, globally, or in any of our key sales regions such as uncertainty regarding economic and other policies and priorities;

•the impact of stagnating or worsening business and economic conditions, including inflationary pressures, general economic slowdown or a recession, actual or anticipated changes in interest rates, reductions in government spending or other changes in monetary policy, or adverse financial or commodity markets activity or macroeconomic conditions, including as a result of geopolitical conflicts;

•our operating and financial performance and the performance of other companies in our industry;

•variations in quarterly results of operations and financial condition, including our liquidity, experienced by us and other companies in our industry;

•variations in our revenues, earnings, or other business and financial metrics from forecasts by us or securities analysts or from those experienced by other companies in our industry;

•announcements of restructurings, reductions in force, departure of key employees, and/or consolidations of operations;

•transactions in our Common Stock by major investors and certain analyst reports, news, social media activity, and speculation;

•margin trading, short sales, hedging and derivative transactions involving our Common Stock;

•government regulations, including export controls, tariffs, or other trade restrictions;

•developments in, or claims relating to, patent, or other proprietary rights;

•technological innovations and the introduction of new products by us or our competitors;

•commercial success or failure of our new and existing products; or

•disruptions of relationships with key customers or suppliers.

In addition, the stock market experiences significant price and volume fluctuations. Historically, we have witnessed significant volatility in the price of our Common Stock due in part to the price of and markets for semiconductors. These and other factors have adversely affected and may again adversely affect the price of our Common Stock, regardless of our actual operating performance. In the past, following volatile periods in the price of their stock, many companies became the object of securities class action litigation. If we are sued in a securities class action, we could incur substantial costs, and it could divert management’s attention and resources and have an unfavorable impact on our financial performance and the price for our Common Stock.

We May Incur Impairments to Goodwill or Long-lived Assets

We review our goodwill identified in business combinations for impairment annually or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of these assets may exceed the fair value. We review all other long-lived assets, including finite-lived intangible assets, whenever events or changes in circumstance indicate that these assets may not be recoverable. The process of evaluating the potential impairment of goodwill and other long-lived assets requires judgment. Negative industry or economic trends, including reduced market prices of our Common Stock, reduced estimates of future cash flows, disruptions to our business, slower growth rates, or lack of growth in our relevant business units, could lead to impairment charges against our long-lived assets, including goodwill and other intangible assets.

When evaluating goodwill, if we conclude that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, then a quantitative impairment test is performed and we may be required to record an impairment charge in that period, which could adversely affect our result of operations.

When evaluating other long-lived assets, if we conclude that the estimated undiscounted cash flows attributable to the assets are less than their carrying value, we recognize an impairment loss based on the excess of the carrying amount of the assets over their respective fair values, which could adversely affect our results of operations.

Our valuation methodology for assessing impairment requires management to make judgments and assumptions based on historical experience and to rely heavily on projections of future operating performance. We operate in a highly competitive environment and projections of future results of operations and cash flows may vary significantly from actual results. Additionally, if our analysis

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indicates potential impairment, we may be required to record additional charges to earnings in our financial statements, which could negatively affect our results of operations.

Our Leverage and Debt Service Obligations May Adversely Affect Our Financial Condition and Results of Operations

We have $3.75 billion in aggregate principal amount of senior unsecured notes outstanding (the “Senior Notes”). Additionally, we have funding available to us under our $2.00 billion commercial paper program and our $2.00 billion revolving credit facility, which serves as a backstop to our commercial paper program. Our revolving credit facility also includes an option to increase the amount up to an additional $750.0 million, for a potential total commitment of $2.75 billion. We may, in the future, decide to enter into additional debt arrangements.

In addition, we have entered, and in the future may enter, into derivative instrument arrangements to hedge against the variability of cash flows due to changes in the benchmark interest rate of fixed rate debt. We could be exposed to losses in the event of nonperformance by the counterparties to our derivative instruments.

Our indebtedness could have adverse consequences, including:

•risk associated with any inability to satisfy our obligations;

•a portion of our cash flows that may have to be dedicated to interest and principal payments and may not be available for operations, working capital, capital expenditures, expansion, acquisitions, dividends, share repurchases, or general corporate or other purposes; and

•impairment of our ability to obtain additional financing in the future.

Our ability to meet our expenses and debt obligations will depend on our future performance, which will be affected by financial, business, economic, regulatory, and other factors. Furthermore, our operations may not generate sufficient cash flows to enable us to meet our expenses and service our debt and our ability to satisfy such obligations will depend in part on the ability of our subsidiaries to provide sufficient funds to us. Such ability may be affected by our subsidiaries’ individual operating results and any limitations or restrictions to which they may be or may become subject. As a result, we may need to enter into new financing arrangements to obtain the necessary funds. If we determine it is necessary to seek additional funding for any reason, we may not be able to obtain such funding or, if funding is available, obtain it on acceptable terms. If we fail to make a payment on our debt, we could be in default on such debt, and this default could cause us to be in default on our other outstanding indebtedness. Any default on our debt could materially and negatively affect our results of operations, financial condition, reputation, credit ratings, and cost of borrowing.

Our Credit Agreements Contain Covenant Restrictions That May Limit Our Ability to Operate Our Business

We may be unable to respond to changes in business and economic conditions, engage in transactions that might otherwise be beneficial to us, or obtain additional financing because our debt agreements contain, and any of our other future similar agreements may contain, covenant restrictions that limit our ability to, among other things:

•incur additional debt, assume obligations in connection with letters of credit, or issue guarantees;

•create liens;

•enter into transactions with our affiliates;

•change the nature of our business;

•sell certain assets; and

•merge or consolidate with any person.

Our ability to comply with these covenants is dependent on our future performance, which will be subject to many factors, some of which are beyond our control, including prevailing economic conditions. In addition, our failure to comply with these covenants could result in a default under the Senior Notes, or our other debt, which could permit the holders to accelerate such debt. If any of our debt is accelerated, we may not have sufficient funds available to repay such debt, which could materially and negatively affect our results of operations, financial condition, reputation, credit ratings, and cost of borrowing.

There Can Be No Assurance That We Will Continue to Declare Cash Dividends or Repurchase Our Shares at All or in Any Particular Amounts

Our Board of Directors has declared quarterly dividends since April 2014. Our intent to continue to pay quarterly dividends and to repurchase our shares is subject to capital availability and periodic determinations by our Board of Directors that cash dividends and share repurchases are in the best interest of our stockholders and are in compliance with all laws and agreements applicable to the declaration and payment of cash dividends or the repurchasing of shares by us. Future dividends and share repurchases may also be affected by, among other factors, our views on potential future capital requirements for investments in acquisitions and the funding of our research and development; legal risks; changes in federal, state, and international tax laws or corporate laws; contractual restrictions, such as financial or operating covenants in our debt arrangements; availability of onshore cash flow; the ability of our subsidiaries to provide sufficient funds for us; and changes to our business model or our priorities for the use of cash for other purposes. Our dividend payments and share repurchases may change from time to time, and we cannot provide assurance that we will continue to declare dividends or repurchase shares at all or in any particular amounts. A reduction or suspension in our dividend payments or share repurchases could have a negative effect on the price of our Common Stock.

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If One or More of Our Counterparty Financial Institutions Default on Their Obligations To Us or Fail, We May Incur Significant Losses

As part of our hedging activities, we enter into transactions involving derivative financial instruments, which may include forward contracts, option contracts, collars, and swaps with various financial institutions. In addition, we have significant amounts of cash, cash equivalents, and other investments on deposit or in accounts with banks or other financial institutions both in and outside of the United States. As a result, we are exposed to the risk of default by or failure of counterparty financial institutions, which may be heightened during economic downturns and periods of uncertainty or volatility in the financial markets. If one of our counterparties were to become insolvent or file for bankruptcy, our ability to recover losses incurred as a result of default, or our assets deposited or held in accounts with such counterparty, may be limited by the counterparty's liquidity or the applicable laws governing the insolvency or bankruptcy proceedings. In the event of default or failure of one or more of our counterparties, we could incur significant losses, which could negatively impact our results of operations, financial condition, and liquidity.

Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments

None.

Item 1C. Cybersecurity

We recognize the significant role of information security in safeguarding our valuable intellectual property along with the confidentiality, integrity and availability of the data of our customers, employees, and suppliers. We have implemented certain policies, procedures, and systems that are designed to identify and address material risks related to cybersecurity and cybersecurity incidents.

We have a comprehensive enterprise risk management (“ERM”) program, which is implemented by management and overseen by our Board of Directors (“Board”).

Our identification, assessment, and management of material risks from cybersecurity threats is integrated into the Company’s overall ERM system and processes. Our ERM program is designed to leverage existing management processes to (i) identify critical enterprise risks, including both information security and cybersecurity risks, (ii) design and implement appropriate risk mitigation strategies, and (iii) assess the status of risks and mitigation plans.

A key component within our ERM framework is a robust information security risk management program, which includes:

•risk assessments designed to help identify risks to our critical systems, information, services, and our broader global information systems environment;

•a security team principally responsible for managing (i) our cybersecurity risk assessment processes, (ii) our security controls, and (iii) our response to cybersecurity incidents;

•the use of external service providers, where appropriate, to aid in assessing specific risks, provide benchmarking data, provide information regarding trends or recent regulatory changes applicable to our risk profile, or to test or otherwise assist with aspects of our security processes;

•the periodic engagement of an independent third-party expert to evaluate our security capabilities;

•mandatory annual cybersecurity awareness training of our employees, including incident response personnel and senior management, as well as conducting periodic tests with our user population to reinforce good information security practices;

•a cybersecurity incident response plan that includes procedures for responding to cybersecurity incidents, including those impacting the Company’s manufacturing sites;

•processes to identify vulnerabilities, breach attempts and possible criminal activity by external parties; and

•processes to assess the practices of our suppliers and third-party service providers relative to protecting the security of our information.

The Company holds ISO 27001-2022 certification for information security at our corporate headquarters. Our Chief Information Security Officer (“CISO”), who has over 30 years of experience in information security and technology leadership, has primary responsibility for (i) leading our global information security program, (ii) managing the cybersecurity risks identified as part of the ERM program, and (iii) developing, implementing, and enforcing security policies and maintaining information security systems.

Our global information security program, led by our CISO, includes dedicated teams specialized in (i) identity access management, (ii) incident response, (iii) vulnerability governance, (iv) security operations and engineering (v) governance, risk, and compliance, and (vi) insider risk and intelligence. The members of the information security team are responsible for managing, maintaining, and monitoring the systems and processes that prevent, detect, mitigate and remediate cybersecurity incidents, and for informing our CISO of status of such systems and processes, as well as any significant incidents.

Our Board is responsible for overseeing our strategy and approach to addressing information security risks, including the management and assessment of risks from cybersecurity threats, both directly and through the audit committee.The audit committee is responsible for reviewing and monitoring the Company’s cybersecurity and information security policies and its internal controls regarding cybersecurity and information security. In addition, the audit committee is responsible for regularly reporting to the Board on the substance of such reviews and, as necessary, recommending to the Board such actions as it deems appropriate. Our CISO reports on information security risks at least annually to the Board and quarterly to the audit committee or Board.

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We experience cybersecurity and other threats and incidents in the course of our operations. To date, we have not determined that such threats and incidents have materially and adversely affected the Company, including our business strategy, results of operations or financial condition. Furthermore, to date, we have not determined that such threats and incidents are reasonably likely to materially and adversely affect the Company, including our business strategy, results of operations or financial condition.

For additional information on certain risks associated with cybersecurity, please refer to “Our Business Relies on Technology, Data, Intellectual Property and Other Sensitive information That is Susceptible to Cybersecurity and Other Threats or Incidents” in Item 1A: Risk Factors.

Item 2. Properties

Our executive offices and principal operating and R&D facilities are located in Fremont and Livermore, California; Tualatin, Oregon; Yongin, Gyeonggi Province, Korea; Bengaluru, India; Salzburg, Austria; and Villach, Austria. In addition, we lease or own properties for our service, technical support, and sales personnel throughout the United States, China, Europe, India, Japan, Korea, Southeast Asia, and Taiwan and lease or own manufacturing and warehouse facilities located in California, Ohio, Oregon, Austria, Korea, Malaysia, and Taiwan. The Company owns the majority of the Fremont, Livermore, and Tualatin facilities, as well as the manufacturing facilities in Sherwood, Oregon; Ohio; and Malaysia. Our Villach, Austria facility is leased; the lease includes an option to renew the lease or purchase the facilities. Our facilities lease obligations are subject to periodic increases. We believe that our existing facilities are well-maintained and in good operating condition.

Item 3. Legal Proceedings

Please refer to the subsection entitled “Legal Proceedings” within Note 17: Commitments and Contingencies to our Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part II, Item 8 of this 2026 Form 10-K.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

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PART II

Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

Stock Information

Our Common Stock is traded on the Nasdaq Global Select MarketSM under the symbol “LRCX.” As of August 4, 2026, we had 305 stockholders of record. A substantially greater number of holders of our Common Stock are street name or beneficial holders, whose shares are held by banks, brokers and other financial institutions.

Dividends

Our Board of Directors has declared quarterly dividends since April 2014. Our intent to continue to pay quarterly dividends is subject to capital availability and periodic determinations by our Board of Directors that cash dividends are in the best interest of our stockholders and are in compliance with all laws and agreements applicable to the declaration and payment of cash dividends by us. During fiscal year 2026, our quarterly dividend declared was $0.26 per share.

Repurchases of Company Shares

In May 2024, the Board of Directors authorized management to repurchase up to an additional $10.00 billion of Common Stock; this authorization supplements the remaining balance from any prior authorization. These repurchases can be conducted on the open market or as private purchases and may include the use of derivative contracts with large financial institutions, in all cases subject to compliance with applicable law. This repurchase program has no termination date and may be suspended or discontinued at any time.

Accelerated Share Repurchase Agreements

On March 11, 2026, we entered into an accelerated share repurchase agreement (the “March 2026 ASR”) with a financial institution to repurchase a total of $200.0 million of Common Stock. We took an initial delivery of approximately 685 thousand shares, which represented 75% of the prepayment amount divided by our closing stock price on March 11, 2026. The total number of shares received under the March 2026 ASR was based upon the average daily volume weighted average price of our Common Stock during the repurchase period, less an agreed upon discount. Final settlement of the March 2026 ASRs occurred in June 2026, resulting in the receipt of approximately 55 thousand additional shares, which yielded a weighted-average share price of $270.71 for the transaction period, including the effects of a 1% excise tax under the Inflation Reduction Act.

On April 30, 2025, we entered into accelerated share repurchase agreements (the "April 2025 ASRs") with two financial institutions to repurchase a total of $500.0 million of Common Stock. We took an initial delivery of approximately 5.2 million shares, which represented 75% of the prepayment amount divided by our closing stock price on April 30, 2025. The total number of shares received under the April 2025 ASRs was based upon the average daily volume weighted average price of our Common Stock during the repurchase period, less an agreed upon discount. Final settlement of the April 2025 ASRs occurred in September 2025, resulting in the receipt of approximately 317 thousand additional shares, which yielded a weighted-average share price of $91.00 for the transaction period, including the effects of a 1% excise tax under the Inflation Reduction Act.

Share repurchases, including those under the repurchase program, were as follows:

(in thousands, except per share data)

There were no share repurchases in the fiscal month ending April 26, 2026.

(1)Average price paid per share excludes the effect of accelerated share repurchase activities. See additional disclosure above regarding our accelerated share repurchase activity during the fiscal year.

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(2)Our net share repurchases are subject to a 1% excise tax under the Inflation Reduction Act. Excise tax incurred reduces the amount available under repurchase programs, as applicable, and is included in the cost of shares repurchased in the Consolidated Statement of Stockholders’ Equity and the calculation of the average price paid per share.

(3)Includes shares received at initial or final settlement of accelerated share repurchase agreements; see additional disclosures above regarding our accelerated share repurchase activity during the fiscal year.

(4)Average price paid per share presented is for the quarter ended June 28, 2026.

Cumulative Five-Year Return

The graph below compares Lam Research Corporation’s cumulative five-year total shareholder return on Common Stock with the cumulative total returns of the Philadelphia Semiconductor Sector Total Return Index, the Nasdaq Composite Total Return index, and the Standard & Poor’s (“S&P”) 500 (TR) index. The graph tracks the performance of a $100 investment in our Common Stock and in each of the indices (with the reinvestment of all dividends) for the five years ended June 28, 2026.

COMPARISON OF FIVE-YEAR CUMULATIVE TOTAL RETURN*

*$100 invested on June 25, 2021 in stock or index, including reinvestment of dividends.

Copyright © 2026 Standard & Poor’s, a division of S&P Global. All rights reserved.

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Item 6. [Reserved]

Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (“MD&A”) generally discusses fiscal year 2026 and 2025 items and year-to-year comparisons between fiscal year 2026 and 2025 and should be read in conjunction with our Consolidated Financial Statements and accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part II, Item 8 of this 2026 Form 10-K. A discussion of fiscal year 2024 items and year-to-year comparisons between fiscal year 2025 and 2024 that are not included in this 2026 Form 10-K can be found in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in Part II, Item 7 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended June 29, 2025.

Executive Summary

Lam Research Corporation is a global supplier of innovative wafer fabrication equipment and services to the semiconductor industry. We have built a strong global presence with core competencies in areas like nanoscale manufacturing enablement, chemistry, plasma and fluidics, advanced systems engineering and a broad range of operational disciplines. Our products and services are designed to help our customers build smaller and better performing devices that are used in a variety of electronic products, including mobile phones, personal computers, cloud and enterprise servers, wearables, automotive vehicles, and data storage devices.

Our customer base includes leading semiconductor memory, foundry, and integrated device manufacturers that make products such as NVM, DRAM, and logic devices. Their continued success is part of our commitment to driving semiconductor breakthroughs that define the next generation. Our core technical competency is integrating hardware, process, materials, software, and process control, enabling results on the wafer.

Semiconductor manufacturing, our customers’ business, involves the fabrication of multiple dies or integrated circuits on a wafer. This involves the repetition of a set of core processes and can require hundreds of individual steps. Fabricating these devices requires a sequence of highly sophisticated process technologies to integrate an increasing array of new materials with precise control at the atomic scale. Along with meeting technical requirements, wafer processing equipment must deliver high productivity and be cost-effective.

Demand for electronic systems supporting artificial intelligence, cloud infrastructure, communications, automotive, industrial and other intelligent systems is driving the need for high performance, energy efficient and highly integrated semiconductor devices. To meet these requirements, semiconductor manufacturers are adopting vertical scaling approaches, including three-dimensional (“3D”) architecture, more sophisticated patterning schemes, new materials, and advanced integration approaches, as traditional two-dimensional scaling is becoming more challenging. These technology inflections are increasing manufacturing complexity and precision requirements in the production of semiconductors driving demand for our advanced semiconductor fabrication technologies and services.

We believe we are in a strong position with our leadership and expertise in deposition, etch, and clean markets to facilitate some of the most significant innovations in semiconductor device manufacturing. Our Customer Support Business Group provides products and services to maximize installed equipment performance, predictability, and operational efficiency. Several factors create opportunities for sustainable differentiation for us: (i) our focus on research and development, with several ongoing programs relating to sustaining engineering, product and process development, and concept and feasibility; (ii) our ability to effectively leverage cycles of learning from our broad installed base; (iii) our collaborative focus with semi-ecosystem partners, including our close-to-customer focus; (iv) our ability to identify and invest in the breadth of our product portfolio to meet technology inflections; and (v) our focus on delivering our multi-product solutions with a goal to enhance the value of Lam’s solutions to our customers.

Wafer fabrication equipment investments were strong in the 2025 calendar year, and have continued to grow in 2026 with the AI market driving higher semiconductor industry spending across both the memory and non-memory market segments. In the short term, volatility in the semiconductor industry environment from trade restrictions, tariffs, as well as other direct and indirect risks and uncertainties discussed in Part I, Item 1A, “Risk Factors,” have had, and in the future may have, a negative impact on our revenue and operating margin. Over the longer term, we believe that secular demand for semiconductors, combined with technology inflections in our industry, including 3D device scaling, multiple patterning, process flow, and advanced packaging chip integration, will drive sustainable growth and lead to an increase in the served available market for our products and services in the deposition, etch, and clean businesses.

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The following table summarizes certain key financial information for the periods indicated below:

Year Ended Change

(in thousands, except per share data, percentages and basis points)

Gross margin as a percent of total revenue 50.5 % 48.7 % + 180 bps

Fiscal year 2026 revenue increased 26.0% compared to fiscal year 2025, driven by strong customer demand for semiconductor equipment systems, particularly from customers within the foundry market segment, as well as customer support-related revenues. Gross margin as a percentage of revenue increased in fiscal year 2026 compared to fiscal year 2025 largely due to favorable customer mix, partially offset by aluminum and steel tariff-related spend. The increase in operating expenses in fiscal year 2026 compared to fiscal year 2025 was primarily due to employee-related costs from increased headcount and higher supplies spending for research and development.

Our cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash balances totaled approximately $5.60 billion as of June 28, 2026, compared to $6.41 billion as of June 29, 2025. Cash flows provided from operating activities were $5.86 billion for fiscal year 2026 compared to $6.17 billion for fiscal year 2025. Cash flows provided from operating activities in fiscal year 2026 were primarily used for $3.85 billion in treasury stock purchases, including net share settlement of employee stock-based compensation; $1.27 billion in dividends paid to our stockholders; $966.4 million of capital expenditures; and $755.4 million of principal payment on debt instruments and debt issuance costs.

Results of Operations

Revenue

We generate revenue primarily through the sale and service of semiconductor manufacturing equipment. Demand for our products and services is driven by customers’ investments in wafer fabrication capacity, technology advancement and installed base support. We present revenue on a disaggregated basis to differentiate between systems revenue and customer support-related revenue. Systems revenue includes sales of new leading-edge equipment in deposition, etch, clean and other wafer fabrication markets. Customer support-related revenue includes sales of customer services, spares, upgrades, and non-leading-edge equipment from the Company’s Reliant® product line.

Timing of revenue recognition depends on a number of factors, including customer requirements, resource availability, supply-chain conditions, manufacturing capacity, delivery schedules, and other operational considerations.

We present our revenues disaggregated by geographic region based on the location of customers’ facilities to which products were shipped and services were rendered. A significant portion of our revenue is generated outside of the United States.

The following table presents our total revenue and revenue disaggregated by geographic region:

Year Ended

United States 7 % 7 %

Southeast Asia 6 % 5 %

Europe 3 % 3 %

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The following table presents our revenue disaggregated between system and customer support-related revenue:

Year Ended

(in thousands)

Systems revenue increased by $3.39 billion, or 29.5%, in fiscal year 2026 compared to fiscal year 2025 primarily due to foundry equipment customer spending. Customer support-related revenue increased by $1.40 billion, or 20.2%, in fiscal year 2026 compared to fiscal year 2025 mainly due to revenue from spares and non-leading-edge equipment.

The percentage of leading- and non-leading-edge equipment and upgrade revenue from each of the markets we serve was as follows:

Year Ended

Logic/integrated device manufacturing 7 % 13 %

The percentage of revenue from the Foundry market segment increased by 900 basis points in fiscal year 2026 compared to fiscal year 2025 due to mature node spending as well as investments in leading-edge equipment. The percentage of revenue from the Memory market segment decreased by 300 basis points in fiscal year 2026 compared to fiscal year 2025 primarily due to timing of customer investments.

The deferred revenue balance decreased to $2.43 billion as of June 28, 2026 compared to $2.68 billion as of June 29, 2025 primarily due a decrease in customer down payments, partially offset by an increase in earned system credits.

Gross Margin

Year Ended Change

(in thousands, except percentages and basis points)

The increase in gross margin as a percentage of revenue for fiscal year 2026 compared to fiscal year 2025 was largely due to favorable customer mix, partially offset by aluminum and steel tariff-related spend.

Research and Development

Year Ended Change

(in thousands, except percentages and basis points)

We continued to make significant R&D investments focused on leading-edge deposition, etch, clean, and other semiconductor manufacturing processes. Fiscal year 2026 R&D expense increased versus fiscal year 2025, due to $131.4 million in employee-related costs from increased headcount and $69.8 million in higher engineering supplies expense.

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Selling, General, and Administrative

Year Ended Change

(in thousands, except percentages and basis points)

Percent of revenue 4.9 % 5.3 % - 40 bps

The increase in SG&A expense during fiscal year 2026 compared to fiscal year 2025 was mainly driven by an increase of $180.0 million in employee-related costs as a result of additional headcount.

Other Income (Expense), Net

Other income (expense), net, consisted of the following:

Year Ended Change

(in thousands, except percentages)

Interest income decreased in fiscal year 2026 compared to fiscal year 2025 primarily due to lower interest rates as well as an impact from slightly lower average invested cash balances versus the prior year.

Interest expense decreased in fiscal year 2026 compared to fiscal year 2025 primarily due to the maturity of $750.0 million of the Company’s Senior Notes in March 2026.

The gains on deferred compensation plan related assets, net were driven by fluctuations in the fair market value of the underlying funds.

Foreign exchange fluctuations were primarily due to currency movements against portions of our unhedged balance sheet exposures.

The variation in other, net for the fiscal year 2026 compared to fiscal year 2025 was primarily driven by fluctuations in the fair market value of equity investments.

Income Tax Expense

Our provision for income taxes and effective tax rate for the periods indicated were as follows:

Year Ended Change

(in thousands, except percentages and basis points)

The increase in the effective tax rate in fiscal year 2026 as compared to fiscal year 2025 was primarily due to the recognition of previously unrecognized tax benefits from lapses of statutes of limitation in fiscal year 2025 and Global Minimum Tax (“GMT”) being fully effective in fiscal year 2026, offset by the change in level and proportion of income in higher and lower tax jurisdictions and higher stock-based compensation excess tax benefits in fiscal year 2026.

International revenues account for a significant portion of our total revenues, such that a material portion of our pre-tax income is earned outside the United States. International pre-tax income is generally taxable in the United States at a lower effective tax rate than the federal statutory tax rate. Please refer to Note 7: Income Taxes to our Consolidated Financial Statements in Part II, Item 8 to this 2026 Form 10-K for additional information.

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The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development’s Base Erosion and Profit Shifting 2.0 (“BEPS 2.0”) GMT was fully effective for us this fiscal year. We assessed GMT under currently enacted legislation and determined that we met transitional safe harbor requirements in most jurisdictions, with limited jurisdictions subject to GMT. We assessed the impact and concluded that it was not material. The impact has been included within income tax expense in fiscal year 2026.

On July 4, 2025, the One Big Beautiful Bill Act ("OBBBA") was signed into law by U.S. President Donald Trump. The impact on income taxes due to change in legislation is required, under Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 740, Income Taxes, to be recognized in the period in which the law is enacted, which was this fiscal year. In general, the OBBBA introduced changes to U.S. taxation, including changes in the taxation of non-U.S. income. We assessed the changes and concluded that they were not material. The impact has been included within income tax expense in fiscal year 2026.

Deferred Income Taxes

Deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effect of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes, as well as the tax effect of carryforwards. Our gross deferred tax assets were $2.26 billion and $1.90 billion at the end of fiscal years 2026 and 2025, respectively. These gross deferred tax assets were offset by gross deferred tax liabilities of $235.5 million and $197.3 million and a valuation allowance primarily representing our entire California deferred tax asset balance due to the single sales factor apportionment resulting in lower taxable income in California of $464.1 million and $424.3 million at the end of fiscal years 2026 and 2025, respectively. The change in gross deferred tax assets, gross deferred tax liabilities, and valuation allowance between fiscal year 2026 and 2025 is primarily due to increases in gross deferred tax assets for outside basis differences of foreign subsidiaries.

We evaluate if the deferred tax assets are realizable on a quarterly basis and will continue to assess the need for changes in valuation allowances, if any.

Uncertain Tax Positions

We re-evaluate uncertain tax positions on a quarterly basis. This evaluation is based on factors including, but not limited to, changes in facts or circumstances, changes in tax law, effectively settled issues under audit, and new audit activity. Any change in recognition or measurement would result in the recognition of a tax benefit or an additional charge to the tax provision.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

A critical accounting policy is defined as one that has both a material impact on our financial condition and results of operations and requires us to make difficult, complex and/or subjective judgments, often as a result of the need to make estimates about matters that are inherently uncertain. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) requires management to make certain judgments, estimates and assumptions that could affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. We base our estimates and assumptions on historical experience and on various other assumptions we believe to be applicable and evaluate them on an ongoing basis to ensure they remain reasonable under current conditions. Actual results could differ significantly from those estimates, which could have a material impact on our business, results of operations, and financial condition. Our critical accounting estimates include:

•the recognition and valuation of revenue;

•the valuation of inventory, which impacts gross margin; and

•the recognition and measurement of current and deferred income taxes, including the measurement of uncertain tax positions, which impact our provision for income tax expenses.

We believe that the following critical accounting policies reflect the more significant judgments and estimates used in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements regarding the critical accounting estimates indicated above. See Note 2: Summary of Significant Accounting Policies of our Consolidated Financial Statements in Part II, Item 8 of this 2026 Form 10-K for additional information regarding our accounting policies.

Revenue Recognition: We generally consider documentation of terms with an approved purchase order as a customer contract, provided that collection is considered probable, which is assessed based on the creditworthiness of the customer as determined by credit checks, payment histories, and/or other circumstances. The transaction price for our contracts with customers is allocated among the identified performance obligations and consists of both fixed and variable consideration provided it is probable that a significant reversal of revenue will not occur when the uncertainty related to variable consideration is resolved. Fixed consideration includes amounts to be contractually billed to the customer while variable consideration includes estimates for discounts and credits for future usage which are based on contractual terms outlined in volume purchase agreements and other factors known at the time. We generally invoice customers at shipment and for professional services as provided. Revenue for systems and spares are recognized at a point in time, which is generally upon shipment or delivery. Revenue from services is recognized over time as services are completed or ratably over the contractual period of generally one year or less. Revenue is recognized in an amount that reflects the consideration to which we expect to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services.We elect to use the practical expedient afforded in the accounting guidance and therefore do not disclose remaining performance obligations for contracts with a

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duration of less than one year. Additionally, outstanding customer contracts with remaining durations more than one year are not material as of June 28, 2026.

Inventory Valuation: Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value using standard costs that approximate actual cost on a first-in, first-out basis. Inventory in excess of management’s estimated usage requirement and obsolete inventory is written down to its estimated net realizable value if less than cost. Estimates of net realizable value include but are not limited to customer demand, management’s forecasts related to our future manufacturing schedules, technological and/or market obsolescence, general semiconductor market conditions, and possible alternative uses.

Income Taxes: Deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effect of temporary differences between the carrying amount of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes, as well as the tax effect of carryforwards. We record a valuation allowance to reduce our deferred tax assets to the amount that is more likely than not to be realized. The assessment of valuation allowances against our deferred tax assets includes estimation and judgement with respect to future operating results and market conditions. We have an accounting policy election to record deferred taxes related to Global Intangible Low-Taxed Income (“GILTI”).

We recognize the benefit from a tax position only if it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained upon audit based solely on the technical merits of the tax position. We have a policy to include interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions as a component of income tax expense.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

See Note 3 - Recent Accounting Pronouncements, of our Consolidated Financial Statements, included in Part II, Item 8 of this 2026 Form 10-K for details of any recently adopted or effective accounting pronouncements.

Updates Not Yet Effective

In November 2024, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2024-03, “Income Statement—Reporting Comprehensive Income—Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses,” which requires disaggregation of certain expenses in the notes to the financial statements to provide enhanced transparency into the expense captions presented on the face of the income statement. In January 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-01 which clarified the effective date for entities that do not have an annual reporting period that ends on December 31st. The guidance is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim reporting periods within annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027, with early adoption permitted. The Company is required to adopt this standard in fiscal year 2028 for the annual reporting period ending June 25, 2028 either (1) prospectively to financial statements issued for reporting periods after the effective date or (2) retrospectively to any or all prior periods presented in the financial statements. The Company will apply the guidance prospectively and is currently in the process of evaluating the impact of adoption on its Consolidated Financial Statements.

In December 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-10, “Accounting for Government Grants Received by Business Entities,” which introduces guidance for recognizing, measuring, and presenting government grants, addressing diversity in practice. The guidance is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2028, and interim reporting within those annual reporting periods, with early adoption permitted. The Company is required to adopt this standard in the first quarter of fiscal year 2030. The Company does not expect the adoption of ASU 2025-10 to have an impact on its Consolidated Financial Statements.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Total gross cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash balances were $5.60 billion at the end of fiscal year 2026 compared to $6.41 billion at the end of fiscal year 2025. This decrease was primarily due to Common Stock repurchases in connection with our stock repurchase program, dividends paid, capital expenditures, and principal payments on debt instruments, partially offset by cash provided by operating activities.

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Cash Flows from Operating Activities

Net cash provided by operating activities of $5.86 billion and $6.17 billionduring fiscal year 2026 and 2025, respectively, consisted of:

Year Ended

(in thousands)

Non-cash charges:

Changes in operating asset and liability accounts (1,913,879) 441,801

Significant changes in operating asset and liability accounts, net of foreign exchange impact, in fiscal year 2026 included the following uses of cash: increases in accounts receivable of $1.96 billion and inventory of $93.9 million, combined with decreases in deferred gross profit of $286.4 million, and accrued expenses and other liabilities of $39.3 million. These uses of cash were offset by the following sources of cash: increase in accounts payable of $417.5 million and decrease in prepaid expenses and other current assets of $50.2 million.

Significant changes in operating asset and liability accounts, net of foreign exchange impact, during fiscal year 2025 included the following sources of cash: increases in deferred gross profit of $1.15 billion, accrued expenses and other liabilities of $328.3 million, and accounts payable of $212.0 million. These sources of cash were offset by the following uses of cash: increases in accounts receivable of $858.7 million, prepaid expenses and other current assets of $206.7 million, and inventory of $180.7 million.

The decrease of $315.6 million in net cash provided by operating activities during fiscal year 2026 compared to fiscal year 2025 was primarily due to fluctuations in accounts receivable and deferred gross profit, partially offset by an increase in net income.

Cash Flows from Investing Activities

Net cash used for investing activities during fiscal years 2026 and 2025 was $922.2 million and $708.1 million, respectively, consisting primarily of capital expenditures.

The increase of $214.1 million in net cash used for investing activities during fiscal year 2026 compared to fiscal year 2025 was primarily due to higher capital expenditures to support lab investments in the United States and global growth in manufacturing facilities.

Cash Flows from Financing Activities

Net cash used for financing activities during fiscal year 2026 was $5.72 billion, primarily consisting of $3.85 billion in Common Stock repurchases, including net share settlement on employee stock-based compensation; $1.27 billion of dividends paid; and $755.4 million of principal payments on debt instrument and debt issuance costs, partially offset by $173.4 million of stock issuance and treasury stock reissuances associated with our employee stock-based compensation plans.

Net cash used for financing activities during fiscal year 2025 was $4.94 billion, primarily consisting of $3.42 billion in Common Stock repurchases, including net share settlement on employee stock-based compensation; $1.15 billion of dividends paid; and $507.5 million of principal payments on debt instrument and debt issuance costs, partially offset by $142.6 million of stock issuance and treasury stock reissuances associated with our employee stock-based compensation plans.

The increase of $781.1 million in net cash used for financing activities during fiscal year 2026 compared to fiscal year 2025 was primarily the result of increased Common Stock repurchase activity, principal payments on debt instruments resulting from maturities of our 2026 Senior Notes, and higher dividends paid associated with an increased dividend rate.

Liquidity

Given that the semiconductor industry is highly competitive and has historically experienced rapid changes in demand, we believe that maintaining sufficient liquidity reserves is important to support sustaining levels of investment in R&D and capital infrastructure. Anticipated cash flows from operations based on our current business outlook, combined with our current levels of cash and cash equivalents as of June 28, 2026, are expected to be sufficient to support our anticipated levels of operations, investments, debt service requirements, capital expenditures, capital redistributions, and dividends through at least the next twelve months. However, factors outside of our control, including uncertainty in the global economy and the semiconductor industry, as well as disruptions in credit markets, have in the past, are currently, and could in the future, impact customer demand for our products, as well as our ability to manage normal commercial relationships with our customers, suppliers, and creditors.

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Our capital allocation strategy includes a focus to return a portion of our free cash flow to stockholders over time through dividends and share repurchases of Common Stock. Free cash flow is defined as net cash provided by operating activities less cash used for capital expenditures and intangible assets. We expect to fund these capital return activities through future cash provided by operating activities, existing cash and cash equivalents, and/or existing or future available short- and long-term financing.

In March 2026, $750.0 million principal value of our 2026 Senior Notes were settled upon maturity using available cash on hand.

In March 2026, we increased the issuance capacity under our commercial paper program (the “CP Program”) from $1.50 billion to $2.00 billion. The net proceeds from the CP Program may be used for general corporate purposes, including repurchases of our Common Stock from time to time under our stock repurchase program. As of June 28, 2026, we had no outstanding borrowings under the CP Program.

Please refer to Note 14, “Long-term Debt and Other Borrowings" to our Consolidated Financial Statements, included in Part II, Item 8 of this 2026 Form 10-K for additional information.

In the longer term, liquidity will depend to a great extent on our future revenues and our ability to appropriately manage our costs based on demand for our products and services. While we have substantial cash balances, we may require additional funding and need or choose to raise the required funds through borrowings or public or private sales of debt or equity securities. We believe that, if necessary, we will be able to access the capital markets on terms and in amounts adequate to meet our objectives. However, domestic and global macroeconomic and political conditions could cause disruptions to the capital markets and otherwise make any financing more challenging, and there can be no assurance that we will be able to obtain such financing on commercially reasonable terms or at all.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements and Contractual Obligations

We have certain obligations to make future payments under various contracts, some of which are recorded on our balance sheet and some of which are not. Certain obligations that are recorded on our balance sheet in accordance with GAAP include our long-term debt, operating leases and finance leases; refer to Notes 14 and 15 of our Consolidated Financial Statements in Part II, Item 8 of this 2026 Form 10-K for further discussion. Our off-balance sheet arrangements and our transition tax liability are presented as purchase obligations, refer to Note 17 of our Consolidated Financial Statements in Part II, Item 8 of this 2026 Form 10-K for further discussion. In addition, in the ordinary course of business, we issue purchase orders based on estimates of our production needs, many times well in advance of delivery dates. The commitments under these open purchase orders are not included in the off-balance sheet commitments disclosed in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, as we generally have the option to cancel the purchase orders at our convenience, reschedule, and/or adjust quantities based on our business needs. As of June 28, 2026, we expect to fulfill approximately $727.9 million within one year related to these arrangements. We also periodically enter into contracts for capital expenditures related to facility and equipment investments. Certain of these arrangements represent purchase obligations with reasonably estimable future obligations and are included in our purchase obligations disclosure in the Notes of our Consolidated Financial Statements, while others are cancellable in accordance with their contractual terms and as such are excluded from the off-balance sheet commitments disclosure.

Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Interest Rate Risk

Long-Term Debt

As of June 28, 2026, we had $3.75 billion in principal amount of fixed-rate long-term debt outstanding, with a fair value of $3.16 billion. The fair value of our Senior Notes is subject to interest rate risk and market risk. Generally, the fair value of Senior Notes will increase as interest rates fall and decrease as interest rates rise. The interest and market value changes affect the fair value of our Senior Notes but do not impact our financial position, cash flows, or results of operations due to the fixed nature of the debt obligations. We do not carry the Senior Notes at fair value but present the fair value of the principal amount of our Senior Notes for disclosure purposes.

Foreign Currency Exchange (“FX”) Risk

We conduct business on a global basis in several major international currencies. As such, we are potentially exposed to adverse as well as beneficial movements in foreign currency exchange rates. The majority of our revenues and expenses are denominated in U.S. dollars. However, we are exposed to foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations on non-U.S. dollar transactions or cash flows.

We enter into foreign currency forward contracts to minimize the short-term impact of exchange rate fluctuations on certain foreign currency denominated monetary assets and liabilities, primarily cash, third-party accounts receivable, accounts payable, and intercompany receivables and payables. In addition, we hedge certain anticipated foreign currency cash flows.

To protect against adverse movements in value of anticipated non-U.S. dollar transactions or cash flows, we enter into foreign currency forward and option contracts that generally expire within 12 months and no later than 24 months. The option contracts include collars, an option strategy that is comprised of a combination of a purchased put option and a written call option with the

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same expiration dates and notional amounts but with different strike prices. These foreign currency hedge contracts are designated as cash flow hedges and are carried on our balance sheet at fair value, with the effective portion of the contracts’ gains or losses included in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) and subsequently recognized in earnings in the same period the hedged revenue and/or expense is recognized. The unrealized loss of our outstanding forward and option contracts that are designated as cash flow hedges, as of June 28, 2026, and the change in fair value of these cash flow hedges assuming a hypothetical foreign currency exchange rate movement of plus or minus 10 percent and plus or minus 15 percent are not significant.

We also enter into foreign currency forward contracts to offset the gains and losses generated by the remeasurement of certain non-U.S.-dollar denominated monetary assets and liabilities, primarily cash, third-party accounts receivable, accounts payable, and intercompany receivables and payables. The change in fair value of these balance sheet derivative instruments is recorded into earnings as a component of other income (expense), net, and offsets the change in fair value of the foreign currency denominated monetary assets and liabilities also recorded in other income (expense), net, assuming the derivative instruments fully cover the value of the foreign currency denominated monetary assets and liabilities. The unrealized loss of our balance sheet derivative instruments as of June 28, 2026, and the change in fair value of these contacts, assuming a hypothetical foreign currency exchange rate movement of plus or minus 10 percent and plus or minus 15 percent are not significant. These changes in fair values would be offset in other income (expense), net, by corresponding changes remeasurement gains or losses on foreign currency denominated monetary assets and liabilities, assuming the derivative instruments fully cover the value of the foreign currency denominated monetary assets and liabilities.

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Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

There were no retrospective changes to the Consolidated Statements of Operation for any quarters in the two most recent fiscal years that would require disclosure under Item 302 of Regulation S-K.

Index to Consolidated Financial Statements

Page

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 48

Reports of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (PCAOB ID: 185 & 42) 71

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LAM RESEARCH CORPORATION

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(in thousands, except per share data)

Year Ended

Restructuring charges, net - cost of goods sold — — 43,375

Restructuring charges, net - operating expenses — — 18,187

Net income per share:

Number of shares used in per share calculations:

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

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LAM RESEARCH CORPORATION

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

(in thousands)

Year Ended

Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:

Cash flow hedges:

Net (gains) losses reclassified into net income (49,492) 7,173 (27,370)

Available-for-sale investments:

Net unrealized gains during the period — — 314

Net gains reclassified into net income — — (10)

Defined benefit plans, net change in unrealized component (156) (4,208) 6,054

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

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LAM RESEARCH CORPORATION

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(in thousands, except per share data)

ASSETS:

LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY:

Current portion of long-term debt and finance lease obligations 4,073 754,311

Commitments and contingencies

Stockholders’ equity:

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

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LAM RESEARCH CORPORATION

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(in thousands)

Year Ended

CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:

Changes in operating asset and liability accounts:

CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:

Proceeds from maturities of available-for-sale securities — — 34,336

Proceeds from sales of available-for-sale securities — — 3,430

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Year Ended

CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:

Schedule of non-cash transactions

Supplemental disclosures:

(1) Restricted cash is reported within Other assets in the Consolidated Balance Sheets

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

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LAM RESEARCH CORPORATION

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(in thousands, except per common share data)

Other comprehensive loss — — — — (29,722) — (29,722)

Other comprehensive loss — — — — (64,665) — (64,665)

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

June 28, 2026

Note 1: Company and Industry Information

The Company designs, manufactures, markets, refurbishes, and services semiconductor processing equipment used in the fabrication of integrated circuits. Semiconductor manufacturing, our customers’ business, involves the complete fabrication of multiple dies or integrated circuits on a wafer. This involves the repetition of a set of core processes and can require hundreds of individual steps. Fabricating these devices requires highly sophisticated process technologies to integrate an increasing array of new materials with precise control at the atomic scale. Along with meeting technical requirements, wafer processing equipment must deliver high productivity and be cost-effective.

The Company sells its products and services primarily to companies involved in the production of semiconductors in the United States, China, Europe, Japan, Korea, Southeast Asia, and Taiwan.

The semiconductor industry is cyclical in nature and has historically experienced periodic downturns and upturns. Today’s leading indicators of changes in customer investment patterns, such as electronics demand, memory pricing, and foundry utilization rates, may not be any more reliable than in prior years. Demand for the Company’s equipment can vary significantly from period to period as a result of various factors including, but not limited to, economic conditions; supply, demand, and prices for semiconductors; customer capacity requirements; and the Company’s ability to develop and market competitive products. For these and other reasons, the Company’s results of operations for fiscal years 2026, 2025, and 2024 may not necessarily be indicative of future operating results.

Note 2: Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make judgments, estimates, and assumptions that could affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. The Company bases its estimates and assumptions on historical experience and on various other assumptions it believes to be applicable and evaluates them on an ongoing basis to ensure they remain reasonable under current conditions. Actual results could differ significantly from those estimates.