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Item 1A. Risk Factors

Investing in our securities involves risks. Before making an investment decision, you should carefully consider the risks described below. Any of these risks could result in a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, or prospects, and could cause the trading price of our securities to decline, resulting in a loss of all or part of your investment. The risks and uncertainties described below are not the only ones we face but represent those risks and uncertainties that we believe are material to our business, operating results, prospects and financial condition. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we currently deem immaterial may also harm our business.

Unless otherwise stated, all dollar amounts are in thousands.

Risks Related to Our Structure

We have engaged, and in the future may engage, in transactions with our affiliates.

We have engaged, and in the future may engage, in transactions with our affiliates. Certain cash equivalents and marketable securities held and invested in various mutual funds are managed or advised by GAMCO Investors, Inc. or one of its subsidiaries (collectively, "GAMCO" or the "Fund Manager"), which is related to the Company through certain of our shareholders, who is also a greater than 10% stockholders and serves as an executive officer of the Fund Manager. In addition, we may in the future invest in entities in which the Fund Manager also invests. We also have purchased and may in the future purchase entities or investments from the Fund Manager or its affiliates.

All investments, including those in related party mutual funds, are overseen by the independent Related Party Committee of the Board of Directors (the "Related Party Committee"). The Related Party Committee meets regularly to review the alternatives and has determined the current investments most reflect the Company's objective of lower cost, market return and adherence to having a larger proportion of underlying investments directly in United States Treasuries.

We are subject to the risk of becoming an investment company under the Investment Company Act.

Because we are a holding company and a significant portion of our assets may, from time to time, consist of investments in companies in which we own less than a 50% interest, we run the risk of inadvertently becoming an investment company that is required to register under the Investment Company Act. Events beyond our control, including significant appreciation or depreciation in the market value of certain of our publicly traded holdings or adverse developments with respect to our ownership of certain of our subsidiaries, could result in our inadvertently becoming an investment company that is required to register under the Investment Company Act. Transactions involving the sale of certain assets could result in our being considered an investment company. Following such events or transactions, an exemption under the Investment Company Act would provide us up to one year to take steps to avoid becoming classified as an investment company. We expect to take steps to avoid becoming classified as an investment company, but no assurance can be made that we will successfully be able to take the steps necessary to avoid becoming classified as an investment company.

If we are unsuccessful, then we will be required to register as a registered investment company and will be subject to extensive, restrictive and potentially adverse regulations relating to, among other things, operating methods, management, capital structure, dividends and transactions with affiliates. Registered investment companies are not permitted to operate their business in the manner in which we currently operate our business, nor are registered investment companies permitted to have many of the relationships that we have with our affiliated companies.

If it were established that we were an investment company and did not register as an investment company when required to do so, there would be a risk, among other material adverse consequences, that we could become subject to monetary penalties or injunctive relief, or both, in an action brought by the SEC, that we would be unable to enforce contracts with third parties or that third parties could seek to obtain rescission of transactions with us undertaken during the period it was established that we were an unregistered investment company.

We may structure transactions in a less advantageous manner to avoid becoming subject to the Investment Company Act.

In order not to become an investment company required to register under the Investment Company Act, we monitor the value of our investments and structure our operations and transactions to qualify for exemptions under the Investment Company Act. As a result, we may structure transactions in a less advantageous manner than if we did not have Investment Company Act concerns, or we may avoid otherwise economically desirable transactions due to those concerns.

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Risks Relating to Liquidity and Capital Requirements

We are a holding company and depend on the businesses of our subsidiaries to satisfy our obligations.

We are a holding company and we conduct substantially all of our business activities through our subsidiaries. In addition to cash and cash equivalents, U.S. government and agency obligations, marketable equity and debt securities and other short-term investments, our assets consist primarily of investments in our subsidiaries. Moreover, if we make significant investments in new operating businesses, it is likely that we will reduce our liquid assets in order to fund those investments and the ongoing operations of our subsidiaries. Consequently, our cash flow and our ability to meet our contractual obligations likely will depend on the cash flow of our subsidiaries and the payment of funds to us by our subsidiaries in the form of dividends, distributions, loans or otherwise.

The operating results of our subsidiaries may not be sufficient to make distributions to us. In addition, our subsidiaries are not obligated to make funds available to us and distributions and intercompany transfers from our subsidiaries to us may be restricted by applicable law or covenants contained in debt agreements and other agreements to which these subsidiaries may be subject or enter into in the future.

We have made significant investments and negative performance of those investments may result in a significant decline in the value and could impact our cash flows.

As of December 31, 2025, we had investments in Cash and cash equivalents and Marketable securities with a fair market value of $41,550, which may be accessed on short notice to satisfy our liquidity needs. However, if the investments experience negative performance, the value of these investments will be negatively impacted, which could have a material adverse effect on our operating results, cash flows and financial position.

Risks Relating to Our Merchant Investment Business

The Company has made and may make material investments in special purpose vehicles that may not be successful.

The Company has in the past and in the future may form SPVs to facilitate the acquisition of companies, which may be material to the Company. There is no assurance that such activity may occur, that the Company will have appropriate insurance for such an occurrence, or that its Board will endorse such activity. There is no assurance that any SPAC will be successful with IPO, that any SPAC or SPV will complete a business combination, or that any business combination will be successful. If invested, the Company can lose its entire investment in the SPAC if a business combination is not completed within 24 months of the SPAC’s IPO or if the business combination is not successful, which may adversely impact the Company’s stockholder value. If an investment is made through an SPV, the investment may not be successful, which could also impact the Company's stockholder value.

Our investments may be subject to significant uncertainties.

Our investments may not be successful for many reasons, including, but not limited to:

• fluctuations of or sustained increases in interest rates;

• lack of control in minority investments;

• worsening of general economic and market conditions;

• lack of diversification;

• lack of success of the Merchant Investment business’s strategies;

• inflationary conditions;

• fluctuations of U.S. dollar exchange rates; and

The historical financial information for our Merchant Investment business is not necessarily indicative of our future performance.

Our Merchant Investment business’s financial information is driven by the amount of funds allocated to the Merchant Investment business and the performance of the underlying investments. Future funds allocated to the Merchant Investment business may increase or decrease based on the contributions and redemptions by our holding company. Additionally, historical performance results of the Merchant Investment business are not indicative of future results as past market conditions, investment opportunities and investment decisions may not occur in the future. Changes in general market conditions coupled with changes in exposure to short and long positions have significant impact on our Merchant Investment business results of operations and the comparability of results of operations year over year and as such, future results of operations will be impacted by our future exposures and future market conditions, which may not be consistent with prior trends. Additionally, future returns may be affected by additional risks, including risks of the industries and businesses in which a particular fund invests.

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The Merchant Investment business’s investment strategy involves numerous and significant risks, including the risk that we may lose some or all of our investments in the Merchant Investment business. This risk may be magnified due to concentration of investments and investments in undervalued securities.

Our Merchant Investment business’s revenue depends on the investments made by the Merchant Investment business. There are numerous and significant risks associated with these investments, certain of which are described in this risk factor and in other risk factors set forth herein. Certain investment positions held by the Merchant Investment business may be illiquid. The Merchant Investment business may own restricted or non-publicly traded securities and securities traded on foreign exchanges. We may also have significant influence with respect to certain companies owned by the Merchant Investment business, including representation on the board of directors of certain companies, and may be subject to trading restrictions with respect to specific positions in the Merchant Investment business at any particular time. These investments and trading restrictions could prevent the Merchant Investment business from liquidating unfavorable positions promptly and subject the Merchant Investment business to substantial losses.

At any given time, the Merchant Investment business’s assets may become highly concentrated within a particular company, industry, asset category, trading style or financial or economic market. In that event, the Merchant Investment business’s investment portfolio will be more susceptible to fluctuations in value resulting from adverse events, developments or economic conditions affecting the performance of that particular company, industry, asset category, trading style or economic market than a less concentrated portfolio would be. As a result, the Merchant Investment business’s investment portfolio’s aggregate returns may be volatile and may be affected substantially by the performance of only one or a few holdings.

The Merchant Investment business seeks to invest in securities that are undervalued. The identification of investment opportunities in undervalued securities is challenging, and there are no assurances that such opportunities will be successfully recognized or acquired. While investments in undervalued securities offer the opportunity for above-average capital appreciation, these investments involve a high degree of financial risk and can result in substantial losses. Returns generated from the Merchant Investment business’s investments may not adequately compensate for the business and financial risks assumed.

From time to time, the Merchant Investment business may invest in bonds or other fixed income securities, such as commercial paper and higher yielding (and, therefore, higher risk) debt securities. It is likely that a major economic recession could severely disrupt the market for such securities and may have a material adverse impact on the value of such securities. In addition, it is likely that any such economic downturn could adversely affect the ability of the issuers of such securities to repay principal and pay interest thereon and increase the incidence of default for such securities.

For reasons not necessarily attributable to any of the risks set forth in this Report (e.g., supply/demand imbalances or other market forces), the prices of the securities in which the Merchant Investment business invest may decline substantially. In particular, purchasing assets at what may appear to be undervalued levels is no guarantee that these assets will not be trading at even more undervalued or otherwise lower levels at a future time of valuation or at the time of sale.

The prices of financial instruments in which the Merchant Investment business may invest can be highly volatile. Price movements of forward and other derivative contracts in which the Merchant Investment business’s assets may be invested are influenced by, among other things, interest rates, changing supply and demand relationships, trade, fiscal, monetary and exchange control programs and policies of governments, and national and international political and economic events and policies. The Merchant Investment business is subject to the risk of failure of any of the exchanges on which their positions trade or of their clearinghouses.

We may not be able to identify suitable investments, and our investments may not result in favorable returns or may result in losses.

The equity securities in which we may invest may include common stock, preferred stock and securities convertible into common stock, as well as warrants to purchase these securities. The debt securities in which we may invest may include bonds, debentures, notes or non-rated mortgage-related securities, municipal obligations, bank debt and mezzanine loans. Certain of these securities may include lower rated or non-rated securities, which may provide the potential for higher yields and therefore may entail higher risk and may include the securities of bankrupt or distressed companies. In addition, we may engage in various investment techniques, including derivatives, options and futures transactions, foreign currency transactions, "short" sales and leveraging for either hedging or other purposes. We may concentrate our activities by owning significant or controlling interests in certain investments. We may not be successful in finding suitable opportunities to invest our cash and our strategy of investing in undervalued assets may expose us to numerous risks.

The Merchant Investment business may make investments in companies we do not control.

Investments by the Merchant Investment business may include investments in debt or equity securities of publicly traded companies or private companies that we do not control. Such investments may be acquired by the Merchant Investment business through open market trading activities or through purchases of securities from the issuer. These investments will be subject to the risk that the company in which the investment is made may make business, financial or management decisions with which our Merchant Investment business disagree or that the majority of stakeholders or the management of the company may take risks or otherwise act in a manner that does not serve the best interests of the Merchant Investment business. In addition, the Merchant Investment business may make investments in which it shares control over the investment with co-investors, which may make it more difficult for it to implement its investment approach or exit the investment when it otherwise would. If any of the foregoing were to occur, the values of the investments by the Merchant Investment business could decrease and our Merchant Investment business revenues could suffer as a result.

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The use of leverage in investments by the Merchant Investment business may pose a significant degree of risk and may enhance the possibility of significant loss in the value of the investments in the Merchant Investment business.

The Merchant Investment business may leverage its capital if management believes that the use of leverage may enable the Merchant Investment business to achieve a higher rate of return. Accordingly, the Merchant Investment business may pledge their securities in order to borrow additional funds for investment purposes. The Merchant Investment business may also leverage their investment return with options, short sales, swaps, forwards and other derivative instruments. The amount of borrowings that the Merchant Investment business may have outstanding at any time may be substantial in relation to their capital. While leverage may present opportunities for increasing the Merchant Investment business’s total return, leverage may increase losses as well. Accordingly, any event that adversely affects the value of an investment by the Merchant Investment business would be magnified to the extent such fund is leveraged. The cumulative effect of the use of leverage by the Merchant Investment business in a market that moves adversely to the Merchant Investment business’s investments could result in a substantial loss to the Merchant Investment business that would be greater than if the Merchant Investment business were not leveraged. There is no assurance that leverage will be available on acceptable terms, if at all.

In general, the use of short-term margin borrowings results in certain additional risks to the Merchant Investment business. For example, should the securities pledged to brokers to secure any Merchant Investment business’s margin accounts decline in value, the Merchant Investment business could be subject to a "margin call," pursuant to which it must either deposit additional funds or securities with the broker, or suffer mandatory liquidation of the pledged securities to compensate for the decline in value. In the event of a sudden drop in the value of any of the Merchant Investment business’s assets, the Merchant Investment business might not be able to liquidate assets quickly enough to satisfy its margin requirements.

The Merchant Investment business may enter into repurchase and reverse repurchase agreements. When the Merchant Investment business enters into a repurchase agreement, it "sells" securities issued by the U.S. or a non-U.S. government, or agencies thereof, to a broker-dealer or financial institution, and agrees to repurchase such securities for the price paid by the broker-dealer or financial institution, plus interest at a negotiated rate. In a reverse repurchase transaction, the Merchant Investment business "buys" securities issued by the U.S. or a non-U.S. government, or agencies thereof, from a broker-dealer or financial institution, subject to the obligation of the broker-dealer or financial institution to repurchase such securities at the price paid by the Merchant Investment business, plus interest at a negotiated rate. The use of repurchase and reverse repurchase agreements by any of the Merchant Investment business involves certain risks. For example, if the seller of securities to the Merchant Investment business under a reverse repurchase agreement defaults on its obligation to repurchase the underlying securities, as a result of its bankruptcy or otherwise, the Merchant Investment business will seek to dispose of such securities, which action could involve costs or delays. If the seller becomes insolvent and subject to liquidation or reorganization under applicable bankruptcy or other laws, the Merchant Investment business’s ability to dispose of the underlying securities may be restricted. Finally, if a seller defaults on its obligation to repurchase securities under a reverse repurchase agreement, the Merchant Investment business may suffer a loss to the extent it is forced to liquidate its position in the market, and proceeds from the sale of the underlying securities are less than the repurchase price agreed to by the defaulting seller.

The financing used by the Merchant Investment business to leverage its portfolio will be extended by securities brokers and dealers in the marketplace in which the Merchant Investment business invest. While the Merchant Investment business will attempt to negotiate the terms of these financing arrangements with such brokers and dealers, its ability to do so will be limited. The Merchant Investment business is therefore subject to changes in the value that the broker-dealer ascribes to a given security or position, the amount of margin required to support such security or position, the borrowing rate to finance such security or position and/or such broker-dealer’s willingness to continue to provide any such credit to the Merchant Investment business. Because the Merchant Investment business currently have no alternative credit facility which could be used to finance its portfolio in the absence of financing from broker-dealers, it could be forced to liquidate its portfolio on short notice to meet its financing obligations. The forced liquidation of all or a portion of the Merchant Investment business’s portfolios at distressed prices could result in significant losses to the Merchant Investment business.

The possibility of increased regulation could result in additional burdens on our Merchant Investment business.

The Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (the "Reform Act"), enacted into law in July 2010, resulted in regulations affecting almost every part of the financial services industry.

The regulatory environment in which our Merchant Investment business operates is subject to further regulation in addition to the rules already promulgated, including the Reform Act. Our Merchant Investment business may be adversely affected by the enactment of new or revised regulations, or changes in the interpretation or enforcement of rules and regulations imposed by the SEC, other U.S. or foreign governmental regulatory authorities or self-regulatory organizations that supervise the financial markets. Such changes may limit the scope of investment activities that may be undertaken by the Merchant Investment business’s managers. Any such changes could increase the cost of our Merchant Investment business doing business and/or materially adversely impact its profitability. Additionally, the securities and futures markets are subject to comprehensive statutes, regulations and margin requirements. The SEC, other regulators and self-regulatory organizations and exchanges have taken and are authorized to take extraordinary actions in the event of market emergencies. The regulation of derivatives transactions and funds that engage in such transactions is an evolving area of law and is subject to modification by government and judicial action. The effect of any future regulatory change on the Merchant Investment business and the Merchant Investment business could be substantial and adverse.

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The ability to hedge investments successfully is subject to numerous risks.

The Merchant Investment business may utilize financial instruments, both for investment purposes and for risk management purposes in order to (i) protect against possible changes in the market value of the Merchant Investment business’s investment portfolios resulting from fluctuations in the securities markets and changes in interest rates; (ii) protect the Merchant Investment business’s unrealized gains in the value of its investment portfolios; (iii) facilitate the sale of any such investments; (iv) enhance or preserve returns, spreads or gains on any investment in the Merchant Investment business’s portfolio; (v) hedge the interest rate or currency exchange rate on any of the Merchant Investment business’s liabilities or assets; (vi) protect against any increase in the price of any securities our Merchant Investment business anticipate purchasing at a later date; or (vii) for any other reason that our Merchant Investment business deems appropriate.

The success of any hedging activities will depend, in part, upon the degree of correlation between the performance of the instruments used in the hedging strategy and the performance of the portfolio investments being hedged. However, hedging techniques may not always be possible or effective in limiting potential risks of loss. Since the characteristics of many securities change as markets change or time passes, the success of our Merchant Investment business’s hedging strategy will also be subject to the ability of our Merchant Investment business to continually recalculate, readjust and execute hedges in an efficient and timely manner. While the Merchant Investment business may enter into hedging transactions to seek to reduce risk, such transactions may result in a poorer overall performance for the Merchant Investment business than if it had not engaged in such hedging transactions. For a variety of reasons, the Merchant Investment business may not seek to establish a perfect correlation between the hedging instruments utilized and the portfolio holdings being hedged. Such an imperfect correlation may prevent the Merchant Investment business from achieving the intended hedge or expose the Merchant Investment business to risk of loss. The Merchant Investment business does not intend to seek to hedge every position and may determine not to hedge against a particular risk for various reasons, including, but not limited to, because they do not regard the probability of the risk occurring to be sufficiently high as to justify the cost of the hedge. Our Merchant Investment business may not foresee the occurrence of the risk and therefore may not hedge against all risks.

The Merchant Investment business may invest in distressed securities, as well as bank loans, asset backed securities and mortgage- backed securities.

The Merchant Investment business may invest in securities of U.S. and non-U.S. issuers in weak financial condition, experiencing poor operating results, having substantial capital needs or negative net worth, facing special competitive or product obsolescence problems, or that are involved in bankruptcy or reorganization proceedings. Investments of this type may involve substantial financial, legal and business risks that can result in substantial, or at times even total, losses. The market prices of such securities are subject to abrupt and erratic market movements and above-average price volatility. It may take a number of years for the market price of such securities to reflect their intrinsic value. In liquidation (both in and out of bankruptcy) and other forms of corporate insolvency and reorganization, there exists the risk that the reorganization either will be unsuccessful (due to, for example, failure to obtain requisite approvals), will be delayed (for example, until various liabilities, actual or contingent, have been satisfied) or will result in a distribution of cash, assets or a new security the value of which will be less than the purchase price to the Merchant Investment business of the security in respect to which such distribution was made and the terms of which may render such security illiquid.

The Merchant Investment business may invest in companies that are based outside of the United States, which may expose the Merchant Investment business to additional risks not typically associated with investing in companies that are based in the United States.

Investments in securities of non-U.S. issuers (including non-U.S. governments) and securities denominated or whose prices are quoted in non-U.S. currencies pose, to the extent not successfully hedged, currency exchange risks (including blockage, devaluation and non-exchangeability), as well as a range of other potential risks, which could include expropriation, confiscatory taxation, imposition of withholding or other taxes on dividends, interest, capital gains or other income, political or social instability, illiquidity, price volatility and market manipulation. In addition, less information may be available regarding securities of non-U.S. issuers, and non-U.S. issuers may not be subject to accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards and requirements comparable to, or as uniform as, those of U.S. issuers. Transaction costs of investing in non-U.S. securities markets are generally higher than in the United States. There is generally less government supervision and regulation of exchanges, brokers and issuers than there is in the United States. The Merchant Investment business may have greater difficulty taking appropriate legal action in non-U.S. courts. Non-U.S. markets also have different clearance and settlement procedures which in some markets have at times failed to keep pace with the volume of transactions, thereby creating substantial delays and settlement failures that could adversely affect the Merchant Investment business’s performance. Investments in non-U.S. markets may result in imposition of non-U.S. taxes or withholding on income and gains recognized with respect to such securities. There can be no assurance that adverse developments with respect to such risks will not materially adversely affect the Merchant Investment business’s investments that are held in certain countries or the returns from these investments.

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The Merchant Investment business’s investments are subject to numerous additional risks including those described below.

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Risks Related to Our Business and Industry

Macroeconomic fluctuations may harm our business, results of operations and stock price.

Our business, financial condition, operating results and cash flows may be adversely affected by changes in global economic conditions and geopolitical risks, including credit market conditions, trade policies, tariffs, levels of consumer and business confidence, commodity prices and availability, inflationary pressure, exchange rates, levels of government spending and deficits, social or political conditions, and other challenges that could affect the global economy including impacts associated with the continuing developments in the war against Ukraine and sanctions which have been announced by the United States and other countries against Russia, which have caused significant uncertainty, adding to continuing concerns about supply chain disruptions, inflation and increases in interest rates in the markets in which we operate. Similar geopolitical tensions and political and/or armed conflicts, including tensions between the U.S. and China, China and Taiwan, and the conflicts between the U.S. and Iran and Israel and Palestine could adversely impact our financial performance and global operations. Such conditions could have an adverse impact on our flexibility to react to changing economic and business conditions and on our ability to fund our operations. In addition, restrictions on credit availability could adversely affect the ability of our customers to make payments. Similarly, credit restrictions may adversely affect our supplier base and increase the potential for one or more of our suppliers to experience financial distress.

Changes in United States trade policies, including the imposition of tariffs and retaliatory tariffs, may adversely impact our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

We are subject to the trade policies, export/import controls, and other rules and regulations, including tariffs, trade sanctions, and license requirements of the U.S. and other government authorities. During the first Trump Administration from 2017 to 2021, certain tariffs and retaliatory tariffs, as well as other trade restrictions, were imposed on various products and materials. In 2025, President Trump again imposed tariffs and retaliatory tariffs against U.S. trading partners, some countries responded with new or increased tariffs of their own, and the amount of the import tariff and the number of products subject to tariffs changed multiple times based on actions by the U.S. government .However, there is currently significant uncertainty about the future relationship between the United States and various other countries with respect to trade policies, treaties, tariffs and customs duties. On February 20, 2026, the U.S. Supreme Court issued a ruling striking down certain tariffs previously imposed under the International Emergency Economic Powers Act ("IEEPA"). Following the Supreme Court’s decision, the Trump Administration announced its intention to invoke other laws to collect tariffs and announced new tariffs on imports from all countries, in addition to any existing non-IEEPA tariffs. There remains substantial uncertainty regarding the duration of existing and newly announced tariffs, potential changes or pauses to such tariffs, tariff levels, and whether further additional tariffs or other retaliatory actions may be imposed, modified, or suspended, and the impacts of such actions on our business.

Future tariffs and trade restrictions may cause the prices of our vendors' products to increase, which could reduce demand for such products, or reduce our vendors' margins, and adversely impact their revenues, financial results, and ability to service debt. This in turn could adversely affect our financial condition and results of

operations. In addition, to the extent changes in the political environment have a negative impact on us or on the markets in which we operate our business, our results of operations and financial condition could be materially and adversely impacted in the future. At this time, the situation remains dynamic and it remains unclear what the U.S. government or foreign governments will or will not do with respect to additional tariffs that may be imposed or international trade agreements and policies.

Inflation and changing interest rates may adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.

Inflation in the United States decreased from 2.9% as of December 31, 2024 to 2.7% as of December 31, 2025, which is still above the U.S. Federal Reserve's long-term target of 2.0%. If inflation remains elevated in 2026, our Manufacturing cost of sales along with Engineering, selling and administrative expenses could increase at a rate higher than our revenue.

The U.S. Federal Reserve decreased the federal funds rate a total of three times throughout 2025, resulting in a range from 3.50% to 3.75% as of December 31, 2025. If interest rates continue to decline, the returns generated by our investments in U.S. Treasuries could be adversely impacted.

We are currently dependent on a single line of manufacturing business.

As a result of the Separation of MtronPTI on October 7, 2022, we are engaged only in the design, manufacture and marketing of our electronic instruments product line that includes highly engineered products for the generation of time and frequency references for synchronization and control.

Given our reliance on this single line of business, any decline in demand for this product line or failure to achieve continued market acceptance of existing and new versions of this product line may harm our business and our financial condition. Additionally, unfavorable market conditions affecting this line of business would likely have a disproportionate impact on us in comparison with certain competitors, who have more diversified operations and multiple lines of business. Should this line of business fail to generate sufficient sales to support ongoing operations, there can be no assurance that we will be able to develop alternate business lines.

Our financial results vary significantly from period to period.

We experience fluctuations in our financial results. Some of the principal factors that contribute to these fluctuations include changes in demand for our products; our effectiveness in managing manufacturing processes, costs and inventory; our effectiveness in engineering and qualifying new product designs with our OEM customers and in managing the risks associated with offering those new products into production; changes in the cost and availability of raw materials, which often occur in the electronics manufacturing industry and which affect our margins and our ability to meet delivery schedules; macroeconomic and served industry conditions; and events that may affect our production capabilities, such as labor conditions and political instability. In addition, due to the prevailing economic climate and competitive differences between the various market segments which we serve, the mix of sales between our communications, networking, aerospace, defense, industrial and instrumentation market segments may affect our operating results from period to period.

For the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, we had net income of approximately $688 and $432, respectively. This fluctuation was a result of higher Net sales and Net investment income partially offset by higher expenses. Our operating income was derived from PTF, whose future rate of growth and profitability are highly dependent on the development and growth of demand for our products in the communications, networking, aerospace, defense, instrumentation and industrial markets, which can be cyclical, as well as net investment income from investments held by the Company. We cannot be certain whether we will generate sufficient revenues or sufficiently manage expenses to sustain profitability. Further, our returns on our cash and investments may not be sufficient to cover operating losses from PTF.

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Our order backlog may not be indicative of future revenues.

Our order backlog is comprised of orders that are subject to specific production release, orders under written contracts, oral and written orders from customers with which we have had long-standing relationships and written purchase orders from sales representatives. Our customers may order products from multiple sources to ensure timely delivery when backlog is particularly long and may cancel or defer orders without significant penalty. They also may cancel orders when business is weak, and inventories are excessive. As a result, we cannot provide assurances as to the portion of backlog orders to be filled in a given year, and our order backlog as of any particular date may not be representative of actual revenues for any subsequent period.

Our future rate of growth and profitability are highly dependent on the development and growth of the communications, networking, aerospace, defense, instrumentation and industrial markets, which are cyclical.

In 2025 and 2024, the majority of our revenues were derived from sales to manufacturers of equipment for the defense, aerospace, instrumentation and industrial markets for frequency and timing synchronization instruments and peripheral equipment, including indirect sales through distributors. During 2026, we expect a significant portion of our revenues to continue to be derived from sales to these manufacturers. Often OEMs and other service providers within these markets have experienced periods of capacity shortage and periods of excess capacity, as well as periods of either high or low demand for their products. In periods of excess capacity or low demand, purchases of capital equipment may be curtailed, including equipment that incorporates our products. A reduction in demand for the manufacture and purchase of equipment for these markets, whether due to cyclical, macroeconomic or other factors, or due to our reduced ability to compete based on cost or technical factors, could substantially reduce our net sales and operating results and adversely affect our financial condition. Moreover, if these markets fail to grow as expected, we may be unable to maintain or grow our revenues. The multiple variables which affect the communications, networking, aerospace, defense, instrumentation and industrial markets for our products, as well as the number of parties involved in the supply chain and manufacturing process, can impact inventory levels and lead to supply chain inefficiencies. As a result of these complexities, we have limited visibility to forecast revenue projections accurately for the near and medium-term timeframes.

The market share of our customers in the communications, networking, aerospace, defense, instrumentation and industrial markets may change over time, reducing the potential value of our relationships with our existing customer base.

We have developed long-term relationships with our existing customers, including pricing contracts, custom designs and approved vendor status. If these customers lose market share to other equipment manufacturers in the communications, networking, aerospace, defense, instrumentation and industrial markets with whom we do not have similar relationships, our ability to maintain revenue, margin or operating performance may be adversely affected.

The loss or decrease in sales among one of our top customers, or a material change in the terms on which they are willing to buy from us, could have a substantial negative impact on our sales and operating results.

A significant percentage of our sales has been, and is expected to be, concentrated among a relatively small number of customers. In 2025, the Company's three largest customers accounted for $453, or 18.5%, $394, or 16.1%, and $253, or 10.3%, respectively, of the Company’s Net sales. In 2024, the Company's two largest customers accounted for $310, or 13.9%, and $261, or 11.7%, respectively, of the Company’s Net sales. We anticipate that this concentration of sales among these customers will continue in the future. The loss of a significant customer, changes in customer buying behaviors or a substantial decrease in sales to such a customer could have a material adverse effect on our sales and operating results. In addition, any consolidation among our key customers may further increase our customer concentration risk.

Because our sales are concentrated, and the industry in which we operate is very competitive, we are under ongoing pressure from our customers to offer lower prices, extend payment terms, increase marketing and transportation allowances, provide enhanced rebates, discounts, rights of return and credits and offer other terms more favorable to these customers. These customer demands have put continued pressure on our operating margins and profitability and in the future could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We may make acquisitions that are not successful, or we may fail to integrate acquired businesses into our operations properly.

We intend to continue exploring opportunities to buy other businesses or technologies that could complement, enhance, or expand our current business or product line, or that might otherwise offer us growth opportunities. We may have difficulty finding such opportunities or, if such opportunities are identified, we may not be able to complete such transactions for reasons including a failure to secure necessary financing.

Any transactions that we are able to identify and complete may involve a number of risks, including:

• Material business risks not identified in due diligence;

• Our possible inability to achieve the intended objectives of the transaction.

In addition, we may not be able to integrate, operate, maintain or manage, successfully or profitably, our newly acquired operations or employees. We may not be able to maintain uniform standards, controls, policies and procedures, and this may lead to operational inefficiencies.

Any of these difficulties could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

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If we are unable to introduce innovative products, demand for our products may decrease.

Our future operating results are dependent on our ability to develop, introduce and market innovative products continually, to modify existing products, to respond to technological change and to customize some of our products to meet customer requirements. There are numerous risks inherent in this process, including the risks that we will be unable to anticipate the direction of technological change or that we will be unable to develop and market new products and applications in a timely or cost-effective manner to satisfy customer demand.

Our markets are highly competitive, and we may lose business to larger and better-financed competitors.

Our markets are highly competitive worldwide, with low transportation costs and few import barriers. We compete principally on the basis of product quality and reliability, availability, customer service, technological innovation, timely delivery and price. Within the industries in which we compete, competition has become increasingly concentrated and global in recent years.

Many of our major competitors, some of which are larger than us, and potential competitors have substantially greater financial resources and more extensive engineering, manufacturing, marketing and customer support capabilities. If we are unable to successfully compete against current and future competitors, our operating results will be adversely affected.

Our success depends on our ability to retain key management and technical personnel and attracting, retaining, and training new technical personnel.

Our future growth and success will depend in large part upon our ability to recruit highly-skilled technical personnel, including engineers, and to retain our existing management and technical personnel. There is a labor shortage in the markets in which we operate which are highly competitive, and some of our operations are not located in highly populated areas. As a result, we may not be able to recruit and retain key personnel. Our failure to hire, retain or adequately train key personnel could have a negative impact on our performance.

We purchase certain key components and raw materials from single or limited sources and could lose sales if these sources fail to fulfill our needsfor any reason.

If single-source components or key raw materials were to become unavailable on satisfactory terms, and we could not obtain comparable replacement components or raw materials from other sources in a timely manner, our business, results of operations and financial condition could be harmed. On occasion, one or more of the components used in our products have become unavailable, resulting in unanticipated redesign and related delays in shipments. Changes in global economic and geopolitical conditions have disrupted supply chains and the ability to obtain components and raw materials around the world for all companies, including us. We cannot give assurance that we will be able to obtain the necessary components and raw materials necessary to conduct our business. In addition, our suppliers may be impacted by compliance with environmental regulations including RoHS and Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment ("WEEE"), which could disrupt the supply of components or raw materials or cause additional costs for us to implement new components or raw materials into our manufacturing processes.

As a supplier to U.S. government defense contractors, we are subject to a number of procurement regulations and other requirements and could be adversely affected by changes in regulations or any negative findings from a U.S. government audit or investigation.

As a supplier to certain U.S. government defense contractors, we must comply with certain procurement regulations and other requirements. Maintaining registration under the SAM is critical in order to receive U.S. government contracts. As a small business we obtain preferential treatment for awards from tier one Government contractors however to maintain this position we are required to submit annually "Representation and Certification" documents attesting to our size, revenue, and internal controls for anti-discrimination, avoidance of counterfeit components, and a number of other federally mandated issues.

From time to time, we may also be subject to U.S. government investigations relating to our or our customers’ operations and products. In particular, for international business, we are required to submit a request for AES validation used by U.S. government agencies to measure the compliance of U.S. exports with U.S. export control laws. The cost of cooperating or complying with such audits or investigations may adversely affect our financial results.

Our products are complex and may contain errors or design flaws, which could be costly to correct.

When we release new products, or new versions of existing products, they may contain undetected or unresolved errors or defects. The vast majority of our products are custom designed for requirements of specific OEM systems. The expected business life of these products ranges from less than one year to more than 10 years depending on the application. Some of the customizations are modest changes to existing product designs while others are major product redesigns or new product platforms.

Despite testing, errors or defects may be found in new products or upgrades after the commencement of commercial shipments. Undetected errors and design flaws have occurred in the past and could occur in the future. These errors could result in delays, loss of market acceptance and sales, diversion of development resources, damage to the Company’s reputation, product liability claims and legal action by its customers and third parties, failure to attract new customers and increased service costs.

Communications and network infrastructure equipment manufacturers increasingly rely upon contract manufacturers, thereby diminishing our ability to sell our products directly to those equipment manufacturers.

There is a continuing trend among communications and network infrastructure equipment manufacturers to outsource the manufacturing of their equipment or components. As a result, our ability to persuade these OEMs to utilize our products in customer designs could be reduced and, in the absence of a manufacturer’s specification of our products, the prices that we can charge for them may be subject to greater competition.

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Future changes in our environmental liability and compliance obligations may increase costs and decrease profitability.

Our present and past manufacturing operations, products, and/or product packaging are subject to environmental laws and regulations governing air emissions, wastewater discharges, and the handling, disposal and remediation of hazardous substances, wastes and other chemicals. In addition, more stringent environmental regulations may be enacted in the future, and we cannot presently determine the modifications, if any, in our operations that any future regulations might require, or the cost of compliance that would be associated with such regulations.

Environmental laws and regulations may cause us to change our manufacturing processes, redesign some of our products, and change components to eliminate some substances in our products in order to be able to continue to offer them for sale.

We rely on information technology systems to conduct our business, and disruption, failure or security breaches of these systems could adversely affect our business and results of operations.

We rely on information technology ("IT") systems in order to achieve our business objectives. We also rely upon industry accepted security measures and technology to securely maintain confidential information maintained on our IT systems. However, our portfolio of hardware and software products, solutions and services and our enterprise IT systems may be vulnerable to damage or disruption caused by circumstances beyond our control such as catastrophic events, power outages, natural disasters, computer system or network failures, computer viruses, cyber-attacks or other malicious software programs. The failure or disruption of our IT systems to perform as anticipated for any reason could disrupt our business and result in decreased performance, significant remediation costs, transaction errors, loss of data, processing inefficiencies, downtime, litigation and the loss of suppliers or customers. A significant disruption or failure could have a material adverse effect on our business operations, financial performance and financial condition.

Cybersecurity risks and cyber incidents may adversely affect our business by causing a disruption to our operations, a compromise or corruption of our confidential information, and/or damage to our business relationships, all of which could negatively impact our financial results.

A cyber incident is considered to be any adverse event that threatens the confidentiality, integrity or availability of our information resources. These incidents may be an intentional attack or an unintentional event and could involve gaining unauthorized access to our information systems for purposes of misappropriating assets, stealing confidential information, corrupting data or causing operational disruption. The result of these incidents may include disrupted operations, misstated or unreliable financial data, liability for stolen assets or information, increased cybersecurity protection and insurance costs, litigation and damage to our investor relationships. As our reliance on technology increases, so will the risks posed to our information systems, both internal and those we outsource. There is no guarantee that any processes, procedures and internal controls we have implemented or will implement will prevent cyber intrusions, which could have a negative impact on our financial results, operations, business relationships or confidential information.

Risks Related to Our Securities

The price of our common stock has fluctuated considerably and is likely to remain volatile, in part due to the limited market for our common stock.

From January 1, 2025 through December 31, 2025, the high and low closing prices for our common stock were $7.76 and $5.65, respectively. There is a limited public market for our common stock, and we cannot provide assurances that a more active trading market will develop or be sustained. As a result of limited trading volume in our common stock, the purchase or sale of a relatively small number of shares could result in significant price fluctuations and it may be difficult for holders to sell their shares without depressing the market price for our common stock.

Additionally, the market price of our common stock may continue to fluctuate significantly in response to a number of factors, some of which are beyond our control, including the following:

• Market reaction to our reported financial results;

• Loss of a major customer;

• Changes in key personnel.

Our officers, directors and 10% or greater stockholders have significant voting power and may vote their shares in a manner that is not in the best interest of other stockholders.

Our officers, directors and 10% or greater stockholders control approximately 36.7% of the voting power represented by our outstanding shares of common stock as of

March 16, 2026.

If these stockholders act together, they may be able to exert significant control over our management and affairs requiring stockholder approval, including approval of significant corporate transactions. This concentration of ownership may have the effect of delaying or preventing a change in control and might adversely affect the market price of our common stock. This concentration of ownership may not be in the best interests of all of our stockholders.

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As a smaller reporting company, we are subject to scaled disclosure requirements that may make it more challenging for investors to analyze our results of operations and financial prospects.

Currently, we are a "smaller reporting company," meaning that our outstanding common stock held by non-affiliates had a market value of less than $250 million as of June 30, 2025. As a "smaller reporting company," we are able to provide simplified executive compensation disclosures in our filings; are exempt from the provisions of Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act requiring that independent registered public accounting firms provide an attestation report on the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting; and have certain other decreased disclosure obligations in our SEC filings, including, being required to provide only two years of audited financial statements in annual reports. Consequently, it may be more challenging for investors to analyze our results of operations and financial prospects.

Risks Related to the Separation

We may be unable to achieve some or all of the expected benefits of the Separation, and the Separation may adversely affect our business.

Although we believe that separating MtronPTI into a stand-alone, publicly traded company has provided financial, operational and other benefits to us and our stockholders, we cannot provide assurance that we will achieve the full strategic and financial benefits expected from the Separation. If we do not realize the intended benefits of the Separation, we could suffer a material adverse effect on our business, financial conditions, results of operations and cash flows.

The Separation could result in substantial tax liability to us and our stockholders.

We received an opinion of a tax expert to the effect that, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, the Separation qualifies for tax-free treatment under certain sections of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Code"). However, the opinion relies on certain assumptions, representations and undertakings, including those relating to the past and future conduct of our business, and the opinion would not be valid if such assumptions, representations and undertakings were incorrect. Furthermore, the opinion is not binding on the Internal Revenue Service ("IRS") or the courts. If, notwithstanding receipt of the opinion, the Separation or certain related transactions are determined to be taxable, we would be subject to a substantial tax liability. In addition, if the Separation is taxable, each holder of our common stock who received shares of M-tron Industries, Inc. in connection with the Separation would generally be treated as receiving a taxable dividend in an amount equal to the fair value of the shares received.

Even if the Separation otherwise qualifies as a tax-free transaction, the distribution would be taxable to us (but not to our stockholders) in certain circumstances if future significant acquisitions of our stock or the stock of M-tron Industries, Inc. are determined to be part of a plan or series of related transactions that included the Separation. In this event, the resulting tax liability could be substantial. In connection with the Separation, we entered into a Tax Sharing and Indemnification Agreement with M-tron Industries, Inc., pursuant to which M-tron Industries, Inc. agreed to not enter into any transaction that could cause the Separation or any related transactions to be taxable to us without our consent and to indemnify us for any tax liability resulting from any such transaction. In addition, these potential tax liabilities may discourage, delay or prevent a change of control of us.

The distribution of MtronPTI common stock may not qualify for tax-free treatment.

There is a risk that the Distribution may not qualify for tax-free treatment and, accordingly, will be a taxable transaction to the Company’s stockholders. While the Distribution is intended to be tax-free under Section 355 of the Code, and while we believe that the Company’s stockholders should not recognize gain or loss as a result of the Distribution and that no amount should be included in their income as a result of the Distribution for U.S. federal income tax purposes, neither the Company nor MtronPTI has applied or will apply for a private letter ruling from the IRS with respect to the tax consequences of the Distribution. Accordingly, there can be no assurance that the IRS or another taxing authority will not assert that the Distribution is taxable to the Company, MtronPTI or the Company’s stockholders. If the Distribution is determined to be taxable for U.S. federal income tax purposes, the receipt of MtronPTI common stock in the Separation is expected to be treated as a distribution of property in an amount equal to the fair market value of the stock received. We believe that a reasonable approach to determine the fair market value of the shares of MtronPTI common stock received would be to use the volume weighted average price of MtronPTI common stock on the first full trading day following the Distribution. In such circumstances, the Distribution of MtronPTI common stock in the Separation would be treated as ordinary dividend income to the extent considered paid out of the Company’s current or accumulated earnings and profits (as determined under U.S. federal income tax principles). Distributions in excess of the Company’s current year and accumulated earnings and profits will be treated as a non-taxable return of capital, which reduces basis, to the extent of the holder’s basis in its shares of the Company’s common stock, as applicable, and thereafter as capital gain. The amount of those earnings and profits is not determinable at this time because it will depend on the Company’s income for the entire tax year in which the distribution occurs.

In connection with the Distribution, MtronPTI and LGL entered into a Tax Indemnity and Sharing Agreement pursuant to which MtronPTI and LGL will be responsible for certain liabilities and obligations following the Distribution. In general, under the terms of the tax matters agreement, if the Distribution, together with certain related transactions, were to fail to qualify as a tax-free transaction under Sections 355 and 368(a)(1)(D) of the Code (including as a result of Section 355I of the Code) if such failure were the result of actions taken after the Distribution by the LGL or MtronPTI, then the party responsible for such failure will be responsible for all taxes imposed on LGL to the extent such taxes result from such actions.

As a result of the Separation, certain of our directors and officers may have actual or potential conflicts of interest because of their positions or relationships with MtronPTI.

As a result of the Separation, Marc Gabelli serves as special advisor to the Chairman of the Board of Directors of MtronPTI and serves as Executive Chairman of the Board of Directors the Company. Such dual roles could create, or appear to create, potential conflicts of interest when the Company and MtronPTI’s officers and directors face decisions that could have different implications for the two companies.

In addition, potential conflicts of interest could arise in connection with the resolution of any dispute that may arise between the Company and MtronPTI regarding the terms of the agreements governing the separation and the relationship thereafter between the companies.

Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments

None.

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Item 1C. Cybersecurity

Cybersecurity risk management is an integral part of our overall risk management efforts. The Company has chosen the National Institute of Standards ("NIST") for its base framework. Controls in the NIST SP 800-53 catalog have been tailored based on inheritance from MtronPTI controls, internally determined information technology ("IT") general controls and industry best practices to create a balanced approach to protecting the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of our systems. We also seek to mitigate risk and manage any residual financial risk through a robust cyber insurance policy.

The Board of Directors has ultimate oversight of the Company's risk management. Pursuant to its charter, the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors has primary responsibility for the oversight of cybersecurity and information technology risks, and the Company's preparedness for these risks. The Audit Committee receives regular updates from our senior management and MtronPTI personnel (pursuant to the Transitional Administrative and Management Services Agreement between us and MtronPTI) on cybersecurity risk. The Company's cybersecurity incident response is overseen by MtronPTI's Director of IT, who is a member of MtronPTI's enterprise management team and also reports to the LGL Group CEO for all matters concerning LGL Group cybersecurity.

The Company performs risk assessments and reviews information on relevant internal and industry cybersecurity incidents. The Audit Committee is notified of any incidents which could materially affect us. These regular updates include topics related to cybersecurity practices, cyber risks, mitigation strategies, and other cybersecurity developments. Significant findings related to cybersecurity, data and technology risks or incidents are regularly reported to and discussed at the Board level.

MtronPTI's IT team operates an ISO 27001 certified Information Security Management System. MtronPTI's IT participates in several industry information sharing groups, including the Defense Industrial Base Cybersecurity Program and The Society of Industrial Security Professionals and has also fostered local contacts with the Federal Bureau of Investigations ("FBI") and local industry peers. The IT team monitors industry news daily and response to threat feeds from multiple sources. To further its cybersecurity efforts, MtronPTI partners with several external entities including:

All LGL Group users with both email and enterprise resource planning ("ERP") system access are provided quarterly and annual cyber security training and participate in bi-weekly phishing tests to maintain continuous awareness of threats. Access to the Company's ERP system is limited by a second layer of access approval and authorization.

Based on the information available as of the date of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, we did not identify any cybersecurity threats that have materially affected or are reasonably likely to materially affect our business strategy, financial condition or results of operations. However, despite our security measures, we cannot eliminate all risks from cybersecurity threats, or provide assurances that we will not experience a cybersecurity incident in the future that will materially affect us. Additional information on cybersecurity-related risk is discussed under the heading "Cybersecurity risks and cyber incidents may adversely affect our business by causing a disruption to our operations, a compromise or corruption of our confidential information, and/or damage to our business relationships, all of which could negatively impact our financial results." in Part I, Item 1A. of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Item 2. Properties

The Company’s principal executive offices are located in Orlando, Florida and services are provided to LGL Group by MtronPTI staff under the Amended and Restated Transitional Administrative and Management Services Agreement with MtronPTI. PTF’s operations, which comprise our Electronic Instruments segment, are located in Wakefield, Massachusetts, where PTF leases approximately 3,600 square feet of office and manufacturing space. We are of the opinion that the properties are suitable for our respective businesses and have production capacities adequate to meet the current needs of our businesses.

Item 3. Legal Proceedings

From time to time, we may be involved in various claims and legal proceedings related to claims arising out of our operations. We are not currently a party to any material legal proceedings, including any such proceedings that are pending or threatened, of which we are aware.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

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PART II

Unless otherwise stated, all dollar amounts are in thousands.

Market for Common Equity

Our common stock is traded on the NYSE American under the symbol "LGL."

Holders of Common Stock and Warrants

As of March 16, 2026, we had approximately 1,300 holders of record of our common stock. The actual number of holders of our common stock is greater than this number of record holders, and includes holders who are beneficial owners, but whose shares are held in street name by brokers and other nominees. This number of holders of record also does not include holders whose shares may be held in trust by other entities.

Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities

The Company did not sell any equity securities during the year ended December 31, 2025 that were not registered under the Securities Act.

Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer or Affiliated Purchaser

The following table sets forth information with respective to shares of common equity purchased by the Company during the three months ended December 31, 2025:

Total — —

Cash Dividend Policy

Our Board has adhered to a practice of not paying cash dividends. This policy takes into account our long-term growth objectives, including our anticipated investments for organic growth, potential technology acquisitions or other strategic ventures and stockholders’ desire for capital appreciation of their holdings. No cash dividends have been paid to our stockholders since January 30, 1989, and none are expected to be paid for the foreseeable future.

Warrants

On November 16, 2020, the Company issued 5,258,320 "European-style" warrants (the "Warrants") to holders of record of outstanding shares of the Company's common stock as of November 9, 2020. The Warrants were listed on the NYSE American and traded under the symbol "LGL.WS." Five (5) Warrants entitled their holder to purchase one (1) share of LGL Group common stock at an exercise price of $12.50 and were exercisable at the earlier (i) the expiration of the warrant term, which is November 16, 2025, or (ii) subject to a date acceleration if triggered only after the average volume weighted average price ("VWAP") of LGL Group common stock for 30 consecutive trading days is greater than or equal to $17.50. The Warrants also provide for the adjustment of the exercise price and the trigger price for potential acceleration of the exercise date, upon the occurrence of certain dilutive events.

Pursuant to the warrant agreement, the Distribution was a qualifying dilutive event that required an adjustment to the exercise price and the trigger price for potential acceleration of the exercise date. Effective October 18, 2022, the warrant exercise price was adjusted to $4.75 and the target trigger price for potential acceleration of the exercise date was adjusted to $6.65 ("Adjusted Trigger Price").

On March 4, 2025, the average VWAP of LGL Group Common Stock exceeded the Adjusted Trigger Price for 30 consecutive trading days, which resulted in the Warrants becoming immediately exercisable.

As of December 31, 2025, Warrant holders exercised 4,186,010, or 79.6%, of the Warrants, in a net share settlement of 837,202 shares of common stock. The remaining 1,072,310 Warrants expired unexercised in accordance with their terms. On January 22, 2026, the Company distributed 214,462 shares of common stock to Warrant holders who elected to participate in the over-subscription privilege. The gross proceeds to the Company were $5.0 million, of which $3.6 million was receivable as of December 31, 2025. As of December 31, 2025, no Warrants remained outstanding.

Item 6. Reserved

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You should read the following discussion and analysis together with our audited consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes. This discussion contains forward-looking statements, including statements regarding our expected financial position, business and financing plans. These statements involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual results could differ materially from the results described in or implied by these forward-looking statements as a result of various factors, including those discussed below and elsewhere in this Report, particularly under the headings "Cautionary Statement Concerning Forward-Looking Statements" and "Risk Factors."

Unless otherwise stated, all dollar amounts are in thousands.

Overview

The Company is a holding company engaged in services, merchant investment and manufacturing business activities. The Company, through its manufacturing business subsidiary, is engaged in the designing, manufacturing and marketing of high-performance Frequency and Time Reference Standards that form the basis for timing and synchronization in various applications. The Company’s primary markets are communications, networking, aerospace, defense, instrumentation and industrial markets.

The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of The LGL Group, Inc., its majority-owned subsidiaries, and variable interest entities ("VIEs") of which we are the primary beneficiary.

For a discussion of the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to the year ended December 31, 2023, refer to Part II, Item 7, "Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024, filed with the SEC on March 31, 2025, which is available free of charge on the SEC's website at https://www.sec.gov and on our website at www.lglgroup.com.

Trends and Uncertainties

We are not aware of any material trends or uncertainties, other than the global economic conditions affecting our industry generally, that may reasonably be expected to have a material impact, favorable or unfavorable, on our revenues or income other than those discussed below and listed in Part I, Item 1A, Risk Factors, of this Report .

Changing Interest Rates

The U.S. Federal Reserve decreased the federal funds rate a total of three times throughout 2025, resulting in a range from 3.50% to 3.75% as of December 31, 2025. Through the date of filing of this Report, the U.S. Federal Reserve has maintained the federal funds rate between 3.50% to 3.75%. If interest rates continue to decline, the returns generated by our investments in U.S. Treasuries could be adversely impacted.

Tariffs

U.S. trade policy, including the imposition, modification, or removal of tariffs remains subject to change due to legislative, regulatory, and judicial developments. Changes in tariff regimes or trade restrictions may increase the cost of imported components, raw materials, or finished goods. If such cost increases occur and exceed our ability to offset them through pricing actions, cost reduction, or supply chain adjustments, our margins and results of operations could be adversely affected. We may seek to adjust prices charged to customers; however, there can be no assurance that such adjustments would be successful.

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Results of Operations - Consolidated

The following table presents our Consolidated Statements of Operations for the periods indicated:

Year Ended December 31,

(in thousands, except share data) 2025 2024 $ Change % Change

Revenues:

Expenses:

Less: Net income attributable to non-controlling interests 67 90 (23 ) (25.6 %)

2025 Compared to 2024

Total Revenues

Total revenues decreased $123, or 2.9%, from $4,292 in 2024 to $4,169 in 2025. The overall decrease was primarily driven by a $374, or 18.1%, decrease in Net investment income from $2,071 in 2024 to $1,697 in 2025 reflecting lower yields earned on our investments in United States Treasury money market funds within the Merchant Investment and Corporate segments.

The decrease was partially offset by a $227, or 10.2%, increase in Net sales from $2,226 in 2024 to $2,453 in 2025 primarily due to higher product shipments within the Electronic Instruments segment.

Total Expenses

Total expenses increased $327, or 9.1%, from $3,593 in 2024 to $3,920 in 2025. The following items contributed to the overall increase:

Gross Margin

Gross margin (Net sales less Manufacturing cost of sales as a percentage of Net sales) decreased 10 basis points from 53.0% in 2024 to 52.9% in 2025 primarily due to the slight increase in Manufacturing cost of sales.

Backlog

As of December 31, 2025, our order backlog was $625, an increase of $289, compared to $336 as of December 31, 2024 primarily due to the timing and size of orders. The backlog of unfilled orders includes amounts based on purchase orders, which we have determined are firm orders likely to be fulfilled primarily in the next 12 months.

Order backlog is adjusted quarterly to reflect project cancellations, deferrals, revised project scope and cost, and sales of subsidiaries, if any. We expect to fill a substantial portion of our order backlog as of December 31, 2025 in 2026, but cannot provide assurances as to what portion of the order backlog will be fulfilled in a given year.

Income Tax Expense

Income tax expense decreased $683, or 385.9%, from $177 in 2024 to ($506) in 2025 primarily due to the reversal of a previously recorded uncertain tax position as the related tax matter is no longer subject to examination by the relevant taxing authority.

Net Income Attributable to Non-Controlling Interests

Net income attributable to non-controlling interests decreased $23 from $90 in 2024 to $67 in 2025 primarily due to lower income from LGL Systems.

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Results of Operations - Operating Segments

Electronic Instruments

The following table presents income before income taxes of our Electronic Instruments segment for the periods indicated:

Year Ended December 31,

Revenues:

Expenses:

Engineering, selling and administrative 1,002 936

Income before income taxes $ 296 $ 243

2025 Compared to 2024

Income Before Income Taxes

Income before income taxes increased $53, or 21.8%, from $243 in 2024 to $296 in 2025. The increase was primarily driven by a $227, or 10.2%, increase in Net sales from $2,226 in 2024 to $2,453 in 2025 primarily due to additional contracts won in 2024.

The increase was partially offset by:

Merchant Investment

The following table presents income before income taxes of our Merchant Investment segment for the periods indicated:

Year Ended December 31,

Revenues:

Expenses:

Engineering, selling and administrative 477 381

Income before income taxes $ 565 $ 847

2025 Compared to 2024

Income Before Income Taxes

Income before income taxes decreased $282 from $847 in 2024 to $565 in 2025 primarily due to:

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Corporate

The following table presents income before incomes taxes of the Corporate segment for the periods indicated:

Year Ended December 31,

Revenues:

Net investment income $ 655 $ 843

Net gains (losses) 19 (5 )

Expenses:

Engineering, selling and administrative 1,286 1,229

Loss before income taxes $ (612 ) $ (391 )

2025 Compared to 2024

Loss Before Income Taxes

Loss before income taxes increased $221, or 56.5%, from $391 in 2024 to $612 in 2025 primarily due to:

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Overview

Liquidity refers to our ability to access sufficient sources of cash to meet the requirements of our operating, investing and financing activities.

Capital refers to our long-term financial resources available to support business operations and future growth.

Our ability to generate and maintain sufficient liquidity and capital depends on the profitability of the businesses, timing of cash flows, general economic conditions and access to the capital markets and the other sources of liquidity and capital described herein.

As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, Cash and cash equivalents were $41,514 and $41,585, respectively.

Cash Flow Activity

The following table presents the cash flow activity for the periods indicated:

As of December 31,

Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of year $ 41,585 $ 40,711

Cash provided by operating activities 70 874

Cash (used in) provided by financing activities (141 ) —

Net change in cash and cash equivalents (71 ) 874

Cash and cash equivalents, end of year $ 41,514 $ 41,585

Operating Activities

Cash provided by operating activities was $70 in 2025 compared to $874 in 2024, a decrease of $804 primarily due to the following:

• Lower non-cash adjustments, including:

◦ Stock-based compensation, which increased $25 from $36 in 2024 to $61 in 2025;

• Working capital movements, including:

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Our working capital metrics and ratios were as follows:

As of December 31,

Less: Current liabilities 915 904

Management continues to focus on efficiently managing working capital requirements to match operating activity levels and will seek to deploy the Company’s working capital where it will generate the greatest returns.

Financing Activities

Cash used in financing activities was $141 in 2025 compared to $0 in 2024, a decrease of $141 primarily due to the repurchase of common stock partially offset by the net proceeds from the exercise of warrants.

Capital Resources

We believe that existing cash and cash equivalents, marketable securities and cash generated from operations will provide sufficient liquidity to meet our ongoing working capital and capital expenditure requirements for the next 12 months and for the foreseeable future. The Company’s management continues to strive for profitability both internally and through acquisition.

Our Board has adhered to a practice of not paying cash dividends. This policy takes into account our long-term growth objectives, including our anticipated investments for organic growth, potential acquisitions or other strategic ventures and stockholders’ desire for capital appreciation of their holdings. No cash dividends have been paid to the Company’s stockholders since January 30, 1989, and none are expected to be paid for the foreseeable future.

Contractual Obligations

The following table summarizes contractual obligations in total, and by remaining maturity:

Payments due by Period

Leases

Leases relate to our Electronic Instruments business and represent the future minimum lease payments under our operating leases. We believe that the Electronic Instruments business maintain adequate financial resources to meet the actual required payments under these obligations.

Completion of Spin-Off of MtronPTI from LGL Group

On October 7, 2022 (the "Distribution Date"), at 12:01 a.m. Eastern Time, the spin-off of MtronPTI was completed (the "Spin-off" or the "Separation"). The Separation of MtronPTI was achieved through LGL’s distribution of 100% of the shares of MtronPTI common stock to holders of LGL common stock as of the close of business on the record date of September 30, 2022. LGL stockholders of record received one-half share of MtronPTI common stock for every share of LGL common stock. Following the Distribution, MtronPTI became an independent, publicly traded company with its common stock listed under the symbol "MPTI" on the NYSE American, and LGL retained no ownership interest in MtronPTI.

In connection with the Separation, MtronPTI entered into several agreements with LGL that, among other things, effect the Separation and provide a framework for its relationship with LGL after the Separation, including (i) an Amended and Restated Separation and Distribution Agreement which provides for, among other things, the mechanics for effecting the Distribution as well as certain ongoing responsibilities of MtronPTI and LGL subsequent to the Distribution, (ii) an Amended and Restated Transitional Administrative and Management Services Agreement with MtronPTI, which, among other things, specifies that LGL will provide MtronPTI, and MtronPTI will provide LGL, with certain administrative and management services, and (iii) an Amended and Restated Tax Indemnity and Sharing Agreement, which, among other things, contains certain agreements and covenants related to tax matters involving LGL and MtronPTI and covers time periods before and after the Distribution. For more information regarding the agreements entered into in connection with the Distribution, please refer to MtronPTI's registration statement on Form 10, as amended, and filed on August 19, 2022 with the SEC, and the Information Statement contained therein.

The foregoing description of the Amended and Restated Separation and Distribution Agreement, Amended and Restated Transitional Administrative and Management Services Agreement, and Amended and Restated Tax Indemnity and Sharing Agreement does not purport to be complete and is qualified in its entirety. Please see the full text of the Agreements, filed as Exhibits 2.1, 10.3, and 10.4, respectively, to this Report on Form 10-K.

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Critical Accounting Estimates

Our consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. Our significant accounting policies are more fully described Note 2 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies in the accompanying Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements. Certain accounting policies require us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expense during the reporting period. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate our estimates and assumptions, and the effects of revisions are reflected in the financial statements in the period in which they are determined to be necessary. The accounting policies described below are those that most frequently require us to make estimates and judgments and, therefore, are critical to understanding our results of operations.

Income Taxes

We account for income taxes in accordance with ASC Topic 740, Income Taxes ("ASC 740"), which requires an asset and liability approach for the financial accounting and reporting of income taxes. Under this method, deferred income taxes are recognized for the expected future tax consequences of differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their reported amounts in the financial statements. These balances are measured using the enacted tax rates expected to apply in the year(s) in which these temporary differences are expected to reverse. The effect of a change in tax rates on deferred income taxes is recognized in income in the period when the change is enacted.

Based on consideration of all available evidence regarding their utilization, we record net deferred tax assets to the extent that it is more likely than not that they will be realized. Where, based on the weight of all available evidence, it is more likely than not that some amount of a deferred tax asset will not be realized, we establish a valuation allowance for the amount that, in our judgment, is sufficient to reduce the deferred tax asset to an amount that is more likely than not to be realized. In reaching such conclusions, we consider available positive and negative evidence including past operating results, projections of future taxable income, the feasibility of ongoing tax planning strategies and the realizability of tax loss carryforwards. Our projections of future taxable income include estimates and assumptions regarding our income and costs, as well as the timing and amount of reversals of taxable temporary differences.

The Company follows a two-step approach to recognize and measure uncertain tax positions. The first step is to evaluate the tax position for recognition by determining if the available evidence indicates it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained on audit, including resolution of related appeals or litigation processes, if any. The second step is to measure the tax benefit as the largest amount which is more than 50% likely of being realized upon ultimate settlement. The Company considers many factors when evaluating and estimating its tax positions and tax benefits, which may require periodic adjustments and for which actual outcomes may differ from forecasted outcomes. The Company's policy is to include interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions in income tax expense.

Variable Interest Entities

In accordance with the provisions of the FASB ASC Topic 810, Consolidation ("ASC 810"), we evaluate entities for which control is achieved through means other than voting rights to determine if we are the primary beneficiary of a variable interest entity ("VIE"). An entity is a VIE if it has any of the following characteristics: (1) the entity has insufficient equity to permit it to finance its activities without additional subordinated financial support; (2) equity holders, as a group, lack the characteristics of a controlling financial interest; or (3) the entity is structured with non-substantive voting rights. The primary beneficiary of a VIE is generally the entity that has (a) the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly impact the VIE’s economic performance and (b) the obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive benefits that could potentially be significant to the VIE. We consolidate our investment in a VIE when we determine that we are the primary beneficiary of such entity.

In determining whether we are the primary beneficiary of a VIE, we consider qualitative and quantitative factors, including, but not limited to, which activities most significantly impact the VIE’s economic performance and which party controls such activities and the significance of our investment and other means of participation in the VIE’s expected profits/losses. Significant judgments related to these determinations include estimates about the current and future fair values and performance of assets held by these VIEs and general market conditions.

We may change our original assessment of a VIE upon subsequent events such as the modification of contractual arrangements that affect the characteristics or adequacy of the entity’s equity investments at risk and the disposition of all or a portion of an interest held by the primary beneficiary. We perform this analysis on an ongoing basis.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

For additional information on recently issued accounting pronouncements, refer to Note 2 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies in the accompanying Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

As a "smaller reporting company," we are not required to provide the information required by this Item.

Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

See the financial statements included at the end of this Report beginning on page 32.

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None.

Item 9A. Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

We maintain disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in reports filed or submitted under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act") is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in SEC rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Executive Vice President - Business Development, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

As required by Rules 13a-15(b) and 15d-15(b) of the Exchange Act, an evaluation was conducted under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Executive Vice President - Business Development, of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act) as of December 31, 2025. Based on this evaluation, LGL Group's Chief Executive Officer and Executive Vice President - Business Development concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures, as of December 31, 2025, were effective.

Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

LGL Group management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) of the Exchange Act. LGL Group's internal control over financial reporting is a process, under the supervision of the Chief Executive Officer and Executive Vice President - Business Development, and with the participation of our management designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and preparation of LGL Group's financial statements for external purposes in accordance with U.S. GAAP. Internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of assets of the Company; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the Company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of our management and directors; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of assets of the Company that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

Under the supervision and with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Executive Vice President - Business Development, our management conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting based on the framework in Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission ("COSO"). Based on the results of our evaluation, our management has concluded that our internal controls over financial reporting were effective as of December 31, 2025.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

There were no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended December 31, 2025 that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

Item 9B. Other Information

Insider Trading Arrangements

During the three months ended December 31, 2025, none of the Company's directors or executive officers adopted or terminated a "Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement" or a "non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement", as each term is defined in Item 408(a) of Regulation S-K.

Item 9C. Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections

Not applicable.

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PART III

Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance

The information required by this Item is incorporated herein by reference to our definitive proxy statement to be filed within 120 days of December 31, 2025 and delivered to stockholders in connection with our 2026 Annual Meeting of Stockholders.

Item 11. Executive Compensation

The information required by this Item is incorporated herein by reference to our definitive proxy statement to be filed within 120 days of December 31, 2025 and delivered to stockholders in connection with our 2026 Annual Meeting of Stockholders.

The information required by this Item is incorporated herein by reference to our definitive proxy statement to be filed within 120 days of December 31, 2025 and delivered to stockholders in connection with our 2026 Annual Meeting of Stockholders.

The information required by this Item is incorporated herein by reference to our definitive proxy statement to be filed within 120 days of December 31, 2025 and delivered to stockholders in connection with our 2026 Annual Meeting of Stockholders.

Item 14. Principal Accountant Fees and Services

The information required by this Item is incorporated herein by reference to our definitive proxy statement to be filed within 120 days of December 31, 2025 and delivered to stockholders in connection with our 2026 Annual Meeting of Stockholders.

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PART IV

Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules

(a) List of documents filed as part of this report:

1. Financial Statements:

Page

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (PCAOB ID: 127) 33

Consolidated Statements of Operations: Years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024 35

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows: Years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024 37

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 38

2. Financial Statement Schedules:

None.

3. Exhibit Index

The following is a list of exhibits filed as part of this Form 10-K:

Incorporated by Reference

Exhibit No. Description Form File No. Exhibit Filing Date Filed Herewith

2. Plan of Acquisition, Reorganization, Arrangement, Liquidation or Succession.

3. Articles of Incorporation and Bylaws.

4. Instruments Defining the Rights of Security Holders.

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Incorporated by Reference

Exhibit No. Description Form File No. Exhibit Filing Date Filed Herewith

10. Material Contracts.

21.1 Subsidiaries of The LGL Group, Inc. X

101.INS Inline XBRL Instance Document X

101.SCH Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document X

101.CAL Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document X

101.DEF Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document X

101.LAB Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document X

101.PRE Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document X

+ Indicates management or compensatory plan.

The exhibits listed above have been filed separately with the SEC in conjunction with this Annual Report on Form 10-K or have been incorporated by reference into this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Upon request, the Company will furnish to each of its stockholders a copy of any such exhibit. Requests should be addressed to the Corporate Secretary, The LGL Group, Inc., 2525 Shader Road, Orlando, Florida 32804.

Item 16. Form 10-K Summary

None.

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

THE LGL GROUP, INC.

March 30, 2026 By: /s/ Jason D. Lamb

JASON D. LAMB

Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer)

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the Registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated:

SIGNATURE CAPACITY DATE

/s/ Jason D. Lamb Chief Executive Officer March 30, 2026

JASON D. LAMB (Principal Executive Officer)

PATRICK HUVANE (Principal Financial Officer)

/s/ Linda M. Biles Vice President - Controller March 30, 2026

LINDA M. BILES (Principal Accounting Officer)

/s/ Marc Gabelli Executive Chairman of the Board March 30, 2026

MARC GABELLI

/s/ Kaan Aslansan Director March 30, 2026

KAAN ASLANSAN

/s/ Darlene DeRemer Director March 30, 2026

DARLENE DEREMER

/s/ Herve Francois Director March 30, 2026

HERVE FRANCOIS

/s/ Manjit Kalha Director March 30, 2026

MANJIT KALHA

/s/ Colin J. Kilrain Director March 30, 2026

COLIN J. KILRAIN

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The LGL Group, Inc.

Index to Financial Statements

Page

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Report of Independent Registered Accounting Firm (PCAOB ID: 127) 33

Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2025 and 2024 34

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

1. Basis of Presentation 38

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies 38

3. Segment Information 43

4. Investments 45

5. Fair Value Measurements 46

6. Variable Interest Entities 47

7. Related Party Transactions 48

8. Income Taxes 49

9. Stock-Based Compensation 52

10. Stockholders' Equity 53

11. Earnings Per Share 54

13. Employee Benefit Plan 54

15. Other Financial Statement Information 55

16. Domestic and Foreign Revenues 55

17. Quarterly Financial Data (Unaudited) 56

18. Subsequent Events 57

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Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

To the Stockholders and the Board of Directors of The LGL Group, Inc.

Opinion on the Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of The LGL Group, Inc. and its subsidiaries (the "Company") as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, the related consolidated statements of operations, stockholders’ equity and cash flows for each of the two years in the period ended December 31, 2025, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the "financial statements"). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the two years in the period ended December 31, 2025, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

Basis for Opinion

These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (the "PCAOB") and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audit, we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.

Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Critical AuditMatters

Critical audit matters are matters arising from the current period audit of the financial statements that were communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relate to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective or complex judgments. We determined that there were no critical audit matters.

/s/ PKF O'Connor Davies, LLP

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2023.

New York, New York

March 30, 2026

PCAOB ID No. 127

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The LGL Group, Inc.

Consolidated Balance Sheets

December 31,

(in thousands, except share data) 2025 2024

Assets:

Current assets:

Marketable securities 36 17

Accounts receivable, net of allowance of $52 and $52, respectively 572 493

Prepaid expenses and other current assets 255 280

Warrant proceeds receivable 3,650 —

Right-of-use lease asset 247 308

Intangible assets, net 15 36

Deferred income tax asset, net 190 159

Liabilities:

Current liabilities:

Accrued compensation and commissions expense 250 291

Income taxes payable 45 79

Other accrued expenses and liabilities 254 201

Total current liabilities 915 904

Contingencies (Note 14)

Stockholders' equity:

Total liabilities and stockholders' equity $ 46,776 $ 43,145

See accompanying Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

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The LGL Group, Inc.

Consolidated Statements of Operations

Year Ended December 31,

(in thousands, except share data) 2025 2024

Revenues:

Net gains (losses) 19 (5 )

Expenses:

Engineering, selling and administrative 2,765 2,546

Income before income taxes 249 699

Income tax (benefit) expense (506 ) 177

Less: Net income attributable to non-controlling interests 67 90

Net income attributable to LGL Group common stockholders $ 688 $ 432

Income per common share attributable to LGL Group common stockholders:

Weighted average shares outstanding:

See accompanying Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

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The LGL Group, Inc.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS of STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY

Stock-based compensation — — 36 — 36 — 36

Exercise of warrants, net of costs — — — — — — —

Repurchases of common stock — — — — — — —

Stock-based compensation — — 61 — 61 — 61

Repurchases of common stock — (366 ) — — (366 ) — (366 )

See accompanying Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

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The LGL Group, Inc.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (a)

Year Ended December 31,

Cash flows from operating activities:

Noncash revenues, expenses, gains and losses included in income:

Amortization of finite-lived intangible assets 21 21

Stock-based compensation 61 36

Unrealized (gain) loss on marketable securities (19 ) 5

Deferred income tax expense (benefit) (31 ) 56

Changes in operating assets and liabilities:

Increase in accounts receivable, net (79 ) (137 )

Increase in inventories, net (30 ) (63 )

Decrease (increase) in prepaid expenses and other current assets 25 (7 )

Net cash provided by operating activities 70 874

Cash flows from financing activities:

Proceeds from exercise of warrants, net of costs 225 —

Payment for repurchase of common stock (366 ) —

Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities (141 ) —

(Decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents (71 ) 874

Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year 41,585 40,711

Cash and cash equivalents at end of year $ 41,514 $ 41,585

Non-cash financing activity:

Proceeds from exercise of warrants receivable at period end $ 3,650 $ —

Supplemental disclosure:

Income taxes paid $ 162 $ 76

See accompanying Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

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The LGL Group, Inc.

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

(Dollar amounts in thousands, unless otherwise stated)

1. Basis of Presentation

The LGL Group, Inc. is a holding company engaged in services, merchant investment, and manufacturing business activities. LGL Group was incorporated in 1928 under the laws of the State of Indiana and reincorporated under the laws of the State of Delaware in 2007. Unless the context indicates otherwise, the terms "LGL Group," "LGL," "we," "us," "our," or the "Company" mean The LGL Group, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries.

The Company’s manufacturing business is operated through its subsidiary Precise Time and Frequency, LLC ("PTF"), which has operations in Wakefield, Massachusetts. PTF is engaged in the design of high-performance Frequency and Time Reference Standards that form the basis for timing and synchronization in various applications.

As part of our ongoing efforts developing our Merchant Investment segment, the Company took additional steps and solidified its role as the Managing Partner of a syndicated investment partnership. We have pursued opportunities for direct investing for control, direct investing as a minority with the ability to influence such as through board representation and direct investing to build an industry platform to acquire and build along an industry vertical.

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of The LGL Group, Inc., its majority-owned subsidiaries, and variable interest entities ("VIEs") of which we are the primary beneficiary.

These consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("U.S. GAAP"). Intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Spin-Off of M-tron Industries, Inc.

On October 7, 2022, the tax-free spin-off of the M-tron Industries, Inc. ("MtronPTI") business into an independent, publicly traded company was completed (the "Separation" or "Spin-Off") and MtronPTI became an independent, publicly traded company trading on the NYSE American under the stock symbol "MPTI."

The Separation was achieved through LGL Group’s distribution (the "Distribution") of 100% of the shares of MtronPTI's common stock to holders of LGL's common stock as of the close of business on the record date of September 30, 2022. LGL Group's stockholders of record received one-half share of MtronPTI's common stock for every share of LGL Group's common stock. LGL Group retained no ownership interest in the MtronPTI business following the Separation. No gain or loss was recorded in connection with the Separation.

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Principles of Consolidation

In the normal course of business, the Company invests in or has transactions with limited membership entities or other entities. These entities are considered to be either VIEs or voting interest entities ("VOEs"). The consolidation guidance requires an assessment involving judgments and analysis to determine (a) whether an entity in which the Company holds a variable interest is a VIE and (b) whether the Company's involvement, through holding interests directly or indirectly in the entity or contractually through other variable interests, would give it a controlling financial interest.

The Company consolidates entities in which it, directly or indirectly, is determined to have a controlling financial interest.

The Company reviews its evaluation of whether an entity is a VIE as well as its consolidation conclusions quarterly to identify whether any reconsideration events have occurred. In June 2023, the Company determined it was the primary beneficiary of LGL Systems Acquisition Holding Company, LLC ("LGL Systems").

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The LGL Group, Inc.

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

(Dollar amounts in thousands, unless otherwise stated)

As of December 31, 2025, the Company has the following subsidiaries, including consolidated and unconsolidated VIEs:

Subsidiary Name State or Country of Organization LGL Group Investment

Precise Time and Frequency, LLC Delaware 100.0 %

P3 Logistic Solutions LLC Delaware 100.0

Lynch Capital International, LLC Delaware 100.0

LGL Systems Acquisition Holding Company, LLC (a) Delaware 34.8

Lynch Systems Acquisition Holding Company, LLC Delaware 100.0

LGL Systems Nevada Management Partners LLC (b) Nevada 1.0

(a) Entity is a consolidated VIE

(b) Entity is an unconsolidated VIE

Refer to Note 6 - Variable Interest Entities for further information.

Equity Method Investments

When the Company does not have a controlling financial interest in an entity but can exert significant influence over the entity’s operating and financial policies, the investment is accounted for either (i) under the equity method of accounting or (ii) at fair value by electing the fair value option available under U.S. GAAP. Significant influence generally exists when the Company owns 20% to 50% of the entity’s common stock or in-substance common stock. In applying the equity method, we record the investment at cost and subsequently increase or decrease the carrying amount of the investment by our proportionate share of earnings or losses of the investee. We record dividends or other equity distributions as reductions in the carrying value of the investment.

Non-Controlling Interests

Non-controlling interests represent the interests of shareholders, other than the Company, in consolidated entities. Net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests represents such shareholders' interests in the earnings and loss of those entities, or the attribution of results from consolidated VIEs to which the Company is not economically entitled.

The portion of the equity interest in LGL Systems the Company does not own is reflected as a non-controlling interest in LGL Group's Consolidated Financial Statements.

Uses of Estimates

The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash on hand and highly liquid investments with no maturity or with a maturity of less than three months when purchased.

Marketable Securities

The Company accounts for equity securities under Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") Topic 321,Investments - Equity Securities ("ASC 321"). Marketable equity securities are reported at fair value with the change in fair value from acquisition being recorded as gains and losses in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Realized gains and losses are reported on securities sold during the period. Unrealized gains and losses include changes in fair value on securities held at the end of the period as well as the reversal of unrealized gains and losses at the time an investment is realized.

Realized and unrealized gains and losses on investments in Marketable securities are recorded in Net gains (losses) on the Consolidated Statement of Operations.

Refer to Note 4 – Investments for further information.

Accounts Receivable

Accounts receivable consists principally of amounts due from both domestic and foreign customers. Credit is extended based on an evaluation of the customer's financial condition and collateral is not required. Certain credit sales are made to industries that are subject to cyclical economic changes.

The Company maintains an allowance for credit losses for estimated uncollectible accounts receivable. Our reserves for estimated credit losses are based upon historical experience, specific customer collection issues, current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts that affect the collectability of the remaining cash flows over the contract terms of our receivables. Accounts are written off against the allowance account they are determined to no longer be collectible.

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The LGL Group, Inc.