Item 1A. Risk Factors
Investing in our securities involves risks. Before making an investment decision, you should carefully consider the risks described below. Any of these risks could result in a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, or prospects, and could cause the trading price of our securities to decline, resulting in a loss of all or part of your investment. The risks and uncertainties described below are not the only ones we face but represent those risks and uncertainties that we believe are material to our business, operating results, prospects and financial condition. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we currently deem immaterial may also harm our business.
Unless otherwise stated, all dollar amounts are in thousands.
Summary Risk Factors
Risks Relating to Our Structure
Risks Relating to Liquidity and Capital Requirements
Risks Relating to Our Merchant Investment Business
• Our investments may be subject to significant uncertainties.
• The ability to hedge investments successfully is subject to numerous risks.
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Risks Related to Our Business and Industry
• We are currently dependent on a single line of manufacturing business.
• Our financial results vary significantly from period to period.
• Our order backlog may not be indicative of future revenues.
Risks Related to Our Securities
• The warrants to purchase shares of our common stock may not have any value.
Risks Related to the Separation
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Risks Related to Our Structure
We have engaged, and in the future may engage, in transactions with our affiliates.
We have engaged, and in the future may engage, in transactions with our affiliates. Certain cash equivalents and marketable securities held and invested in various mutual funds are managed or advised by GAMCO Investors, Inc. or one of its subsidiaries (collectively, "GAMCO" or the "Fund Manager"), which is related to the Company through certain of our shareholders, who is also a greater than 10% stockholders and serves as an executive officer of the Fund Manager. In addition, we may in the future invest in entities in which the Fund Manager also invests. We also have purchased and may in the future purchase entities or investments from the Fund Manager or its affiliates.
All investments, including those in related party mutual funds, are overseen by the independent Investment Committee of the Board of Directors (the "Investment Committee"). The Investment Committee meets regularly to review the alternatives and has determined the current investments most reflect the Company's objective of lower cost, market return and adherence to having a larger proportion of underlying investments directly in United States Treasuries.
We are subject to the risk of becoming an investment company under the Investment Company Act.
Because we are a holding company and a significant portion of our assets may, from time to time, consist of investments in companies in which we own less than a 50% interest, we run the risk of inadvertently becoming an investment company that is required to register under the Investment Company Act. Events beyond our control, including significant appreciation or depreciation in the market value of certain of our publicly traded holdings or adverse developments with respect to our ownership of certain of our subsidiaries, could result in our inadvertently becoming an investment company that is required to register under the Investment Company Act. Transactions involving the sale of certain assets could result in our being considered an investment company. Following such events or transactions, an exemption under the Investment Company Act would provide us up to one year to take steps to avoid becoming classified as an investment company. We expect to take steps to avoid becoming classified as an investment company, but no assurance can be made that we will successfully be able to take the steps necessary to avoid becoming classified as an investment company.
If we are unsuccessful, then we will be required to register as a registered investment company and will be subject to extensive, restrictive and potentially adverse regulations relating to, among other things, operating methods, management, capital structure, dividends and transactions with affiliates. Registered investment companies are not permitted to operate their business in the manner in which we currently operate our business, nor are registered investment companies permitted to have many of the relationships that we have with our affiliated companies.
If it were established that we were an investment company and did not register as an investment company when required to do so, there would be a risk, among other material adverse consequences, that we could become subject to monetary penalties or injunctive relief, or both, in an action brought by the SEC, that we would be unable to enforce contracts with third parties or that third parties could seek to obtain rescission of transactions with us undertaken during the period it was established that we were an unregistered investment company.
We may structure transactions in a less advantageous manner to avoid becoming subject to the Investment Company Act.
In order not to become an investment company required to register under the Investment Company Act, we monitor the value of our investments and structure our operations and transactions to qualify for exemptions under the Investment Company Act. As a result, we may structure transactions in a less advantageous manner than if we did not have Investment Company Act concerns, or we may avoid otherwise economically desirable transactions due to those concerns.
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Risks Relating to Liquidity and Capital Requirements
We are a holding company and depend on the businesses of our subsidiaries to satisfy our obligations.
We are a holding company and we conduct substantially all of our business activities through our subsidiaries. In addition to cash and cash equivalents, U.S. government and agency obligations, marketable equity and debt securities and other short-term investments, our assets consist primarily of investments in our subsidiaries. Moreover, if we make significant investments in new operating businesses, it is likely that we will reduce our liquid assets in order to fund those investments and the ongoing operations of our subsidiaries. Consequently, our cash flow and our ability to meet our contractual obligations likely will depend on the cash flow of our subsidiaries and the payment of funds to us by our subsidiaries in the form of dividends, distributions, loans or otherwise.
The operating results of our subsidiaries may not be sufficient to make distributions to us. In addition, our subsidiaries are not obligated to make funds available to us and distributions and intercompany transfers from our subsidiaries to us may be restricted by applicable law or covenants contained in debt agreements and other agreements to which these subsidiaries may be subject or enter into in the future.
We have made significant investments and negative performance of those investments may result in a significant decline in the value and could impact our cash flows.
As of December 31, 2024, we had investments in Cash and cash equivalents and Marketable securities with a fair market value of $41,602, which may be accessed on short notice to satisfy our liquidity needs. However, if the investments experience negative performance, the value of these investments will be negatively impacted, which could have a material adverse effect on our operating results, cash flows and financial position.
Risks Relating to Our Merchant Investment Business
The Company has made and may make material investments in special purpose vehicles that may not be successful.
The Company has in the past and in the future may form SPVs to facilitate the acquisition of companies, which may be material to the Company. There is no assurance that such activity may occur, that the Company will have appropriate insurance for such an occurrence, or that its Board will endorse such activity. There is no assurance that any SPAC will be successful with IPO, that any SPAC or SPV will complete a business combination, or that any business combination will be successful. If invested, the Company can lose its entire investment in the SPAC if a business combination is not completed within 24 months of the SPAC’s IPO or if the business combination is not successful, which may adversely impact the Company’s stockholder value. If an investment is made through an SPV, the investment may not be successful, which could also impact the Company's stockholder value.
Our investments may be subject to significant uncertainties.
Our investments may not be successful for many reasons, including, but not limited to:
• fluctuations of or sustained increases in interest rates;
• lack of control in minority investments;
• worsening of general economic and market conditions;
• lack of diversification;
• lack of success of the Merchant Investment business’s strategies;
• inflationary conditions;
• fluctuations of U.S. dollar exchange rates; and
The historical financial information for our Merchant Investment business is not necessarily indicative of our future performance.
Our Merchant Investment business’s financial information is driven by the amount of funds allocated to the Merchant Investment business and the performance of the underlying investments. Future funds allocated to the Merchant Investment business may increase or decrease based on the contributions and redemptions by our holding company. Additionally, historical performance results of the Merchant Investment business are not indicative of future results as past market conditions, investment opportunities and investment decisions may not occur in the future. Changes in general market conditions coupled with changes in exposure to short and long positions have significant impact on our Merchant Investment business results of operations and the comparability of results of operations year over year and as such, future results of operations will be impacted by our future exposures and future market conditions, which may not be consistent with prior trends. Additionally, future returns may be affected by additional risks, including risks of the industries and businesses in which a particular fund invests.
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The Merchant Investment business’s investment strategy involves numerous and significant risks, including the risk that we may lose some or all of our investments in the Merchant Investment business. This risk may be magnified due to concentration of investments and investments in undervalued securities.
Our Merchant Investment business’s revenue depends on the investments made by the Merchant Investment business. There are numerous and significant risks associated with these investments, certain of which are described in this risk factor and in other risk factors set forth herein. Certain investment positions held by the Merchant Investment business may be illiquid. The Merchant Investment business may own restricted or non-publicly traded securities and securities traded on foreign exchanges. We may also have significant influence with respect to certain companies owned by the Merchant Investment business, including representation on the board of directors of certain companies, and may be subject to trading restrictions with respect to specific positions in the Merchant Investment business at any particular time. These investments and trading restrictions could prevent the Merchant Investment business from liquidating unfavorable positions promptly and subject the Merchant Investment business to substantial losses.
At any given time, the Merchant Investment business’s assets may become highly concentrated within a particular company, industry, asset category, trading style or financial or economic market. In that event, the Merchant Investment business’s investment portfolio will be more susceptible to fluctuations in value resulting from adverse events, developments or economic conditions affecting the performance of that particular company, industry, asset category, trading style or economic market than a less concentrated portfolio would be. As a result, the Merchant Investment business’s investment portfolio’s aggregate returns may be volatile and may be affected substantially by the performance of only one or a few holdings.
The Merchant Investment business seeks to invest in securities that are undervalued. The identification of investment opportunities in undervalued securities is challenging, and there are no assurances that such opportunities will be successfully recognized or acquired. While investments in undervalued securities offer the opportunity for above-average capital appreciation, these investments involve a high degree of financial risk and can result in substantial losses. Returns generated from the Merchant Investment business’s investments may not adequately compensate for the business and financial risks assumed.
From time to time, the Merchant Investment business may invest in bonds or other fixed income securities, such as commercial paper and higher yielding (and, therefore, higher risk) debt securities. It is likely that a major economic recession could severely disrupt the market for such securities and may have a material adverse impact on the value of such securities. In addition, it is likely that any such economic downturn could adversely affect the ability of the issuers of such securities to repay principal and pay interest thereon and increase the incidence of default for such securities.
For reasons not necessarily attributable to any of the risks set forth in this Report (e.g., supply/demand imbalances or other market forces), the prices of the securities in which the Merchant Investment business invest may decline substantially. In particular, purchasing assets at what may appear to be undervalued levels is no guarantee that these assets will not be trading at even more undervalued or otherwise lower levels at a future time of valuation or at the time of sale.
The prices of financial instruments in which the Merchant Investment business may invest can be highly volatile. Price movements of forward and other derivative contracts in which the Merchant Investment business’s assets may be invested are influenced by, among other things, interest rates, changing supply and demand relationships, trade, fiscal, monetary and exchange control programs and policies of governments, and national and international political and economic events and policies. The Merchant Investment business is subject to the risk of failure of any of the exchanges on which their positions trade or of their clearinghouses.
We may not be able to identify suitable investments, and our investments may not result in favorable returns or may result in losses.
The equity securities in which we may invest may include common stock, preferred stock and securities convertible into common stock, as well as warrants to purchase these securities. The debt securities in which we may invest may include bonds, debentures, notes or non-rated mortgage-related securities, municipal obligations, bank debt and mezzanine loans. Certain of these securities may include lower rated or non-rated securities, which may provide the potential for higher yields and therefore may entail higher risk and may include the securities of bankrupt or distressed companies. In addition, we may engage in various investment techniques, including derivatives, options and futures transactions, foreign currency transactions, "short" sales and leveraging for either hedging or other purposes. We may concentrate our activities by owning significant or controlling interests in certain investments. We may not be successful in finding suitable opportunities to invest our cash and our strategy of investing in undervalued assets may expose us to numerous risks.
The Merchant Investment business may make investments in companies we do not control.
Investments by the Merchant Investment business may include investments in debt or equity securities of publicly traded companies or private companies that we do not control. Such investments may be acquired by the Merchant Investment business through open market trading activities or through purchases of securities from the issuer. These investments will be subject to the risk that the company in which the investment is made may make business, financial or management decisions with which our Merchant Investment business disagree or that the majority of stakeholders or the management of the company may take risks or otherwise act in a manner that does not serve the best interests of the Merchant Investment business. In addition, the Merchant Investment business may make investments in which it shares control over the investment with co-investors, which may make it more difficult for it to implement its investment approach or exit the investment when it otherwise would. If any of the foregoing were to occur, the values of the investments by the Merchant Investment business could decrease and our Merchant Investment business revenues could suffer as a result.
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The use of leverage in investments by the Merchant Investment business may pose a significant degree of risk and may enhance the possibility of significant loss in the value of the investments in the Merchant Investment business.
The Merchant Investment business may leverage its capital if management believes that the use of leverage may enable the Merchant Investment business to achieve a higher rate of return. Accordingly, the Merchant Investment business may pledge their securities in order to borrow additional funds for investment purposes. The Merchant Investment business may also leverage their investment return with options, short sales, swaps, forwards and other derivative instruments. The amount of borrowings that the Merchant Investment business may have outstanding at any time may be substantial in relation to their capital. While leverage may present opportunities for increasing the Merchant Investment business’s total return, leverage may increase losses as well. Accordingly, any event that adversely affects the value of an investment by the Merchant Investment business would be magnified to the extent such fund is leveraged. The cumulative effect of the use of leverage by the Merchant Investment business in a market that moves adversely to the Merchant Investment business’s investments could result in a substantial loss to the Merchant Investment business that would be greater than if the Merchant Investment business were not leveraged. There is no assurance that leverage will be available on acceptable terms, if at all.
In general, the use of short-term margin borrowings results in certain additional risks to the Merchant Investment business. For example, should the securities pledged to brokers to secure any Merchant Investment business’s margin accounts decline in value, the Merchant Investment business could be subject to a "margin call," pursuant to which it must either deposit additional funds or securities with the broker, or suffer mandatory liquidation of the pledged securities to compensate for the decline in value. In the event of a sudden drop in the value of any of the Merchant Investment business’s assets, the Merchant Investment business might not be able to liquidate assets quickly enough to satisfy its margin requirements.
The Merchant Investment business may enter into repurchase and reverse repurchase agreements. When the Merchant Investment business enters into a repurchase agreement, it "sells" securities issued by the U.S. or a non-U.S. government, or agencies thereof, to a broker-dealer or financial institution, and agrees to repurchase such securities for the price paid by the broker-dealer or financial institution, plus interest at a negotiated rate. In a reverse repurchase transaction, the Merchant Investment business "buys" securities issued by the U.S. or a non-U.S. government, or agencies thereof, from a broker-dealer or financial institution, subject to the obligation of the broker-dealer or financial institution to repurchase such securities at the price paid by the Merchant Investment business, plus interest at a negotiated rate. The use of repurchase and reverse repurchase agreements by any of the Merchant Investment business involves certain risks. For example, if the seller of securities to the Merchant Investment business under a reverse repurchase agreement defaults on its obligation to repurchase the underlying securities, as a result of its bankruptcy or otherwise, the Merchant Investment business will seek to dispose of such securities, which action could involve costs or delays. If the seller becomes insolvent and subject to liquidation or reorganization under applicable bankruptcy or other laws, the Merchant Investment business’s ability to dispose of the underlying securities may be restricted. Finally, if a seller defaults on its obligation to repurchase securities under a reverse repurchase agreement, the Merchant Investment business may suffer a loss to the extent it is forced to liquidate its position in the market, and proceeds from the sale of the underlying securities are less than the repurchase price agreed to by the defaulting seller.
The financing used by the Merchant Investment business to leverage its portfolio will be extended by securities brokers and dealers in the marketplace in which the Merchant Investment business invest. While the Merchant Investment business will attempt to negotiate the terms of these financing arrangements with such brokers and dealers, its ability to do so will be limited. The Merchant Investment business is therefore subject to changes in the value that the broker-dealer ascribes to a given security or position, the amount of margin required to support such security or position, the borrowing rate to finance such security or position and/or such broker-dealer’s willingness to continue to provide any such credit to the Merchant Investment business. Because the Merchant Investment business currently have no alternative credit facility which could be used to finance its portfolio in the absence of financing from broker-dealers, it could be forced to liquidate its portfolio on short notice to meet its financing obligations. The forced liquidation of all or a portion of the Merchant Investment business’s portfolios at distressed prices could result in significant losses to the Merchant Investment business.
The possibility of increased regulation could result in additional burdens on our Merchant Investment business.
The Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (the "Reform Act"), enacted into law in July 2010, resulted in regulations affecting almost every part of the financial services industry.
The regulatory environment in which our Merchant Investment business operates is subject to further regulation in addition to the rules already promulgated, including the Reform Act. Our Merchant Investment business may be adversely affected by the enactment of new or revised regulations, or changes in the interpretation or enforcement of rules and regulations imposed by the SEC, other U.S. or foreign governmental regulatory authorities or self-regulatory organizations that supervise the financial markets. Such changes may limit the scope of investment activities that may be undertaken by the Merchant Investment business’s managers. Any such changes could increase the cost of our Merchant Investment business doing business and/or materially adversely impact its profitability. Additionally, the securities and futures markets are subject to comprehensive statutes, regulations and margin requirements. The SEC, other regulators and self-regulatory organizations and exchanges have taken and are authorized to take extraordinary actions in the event of market emergencies. The regulation of derivatives transactions and funds that engage in such transactions is an evolving area of law and is subject to modification by government and judicial action. The effect of any future regulatory change on the Merchant Investment business and the Merchant Investment business could be substantial and adverse.
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The ability to hedge investments successfully is subject to numerous risks.
The Merchant Investment business may utilize financial instruments, both for investment purposes and for risk management purposes in order to (i) protect against possible changes in the market value of the Merchant Investment business’s investment portfolios resulting from fluctuations in the securities markets and changes in interest rates; (ii) protect the Merchant Investment business’s unrealized gains in the value of its investment portfolios; (iii) facilitate the sale of any such investments; (iv) enhance or preserve returns, spreads or gains on any investment in the Merchant Investment business’s portfolio; (v) hedge the interest rate or currency exchange rate on any of the Merchant Investment business’s liabilities or assets; (vi) protect against any increase in the price of any securities our Merchant Investment business anticipate purchasing at a later date; or (vii) for any other reason that our Merchant Investment business deems appropriate.
The success of any hedging activities will depend, in part, upon the degree of correlation between the performance of the instruments used in the hedging strategy and the performance of the portfolio investments being hedged. However, hedging techniques may not always be possible or effective in limiting potential risks of loss. Since the characteristics of many securities change as markets change or time passes, the success of our Merchant Investment business’s hedging strategy will also be subject to the ability of our Merchant Investment business to continually recalculate, readjust and execute hedges in an efficient and timely manner. While the Merchant Investment business may enter into hedging transactions to seek to reduce risk, such transactions may result in a poorer overall performance for the Merchant Investment business than if it had not engaged in such hedging transactions. For a variety of reasons, the Merchant Investment business may not seek to establish a perfect correlation between the hedging instruments utilized and the portfolio holdings being hedged. Such an imperfect correlation may prevent the Merchant Investment business from achieving the intended hedge or expose the Merchant Investment business to risk of loss. The Merchant Investment business does not intend to seek to hedge every position and may determine not to hedge against a particular risk for various reasons, including, but not limited to, because they do not regard the probability of the risk occurring to be sufficiently high as to justify the cost of the hedge. Our Merchant Investment business may not foresee the occurrence of the risk and therefore may not hedge against all risks.
The Merchant Investment business may invest in distressed securities, as well as bank loans, asset backed securities and mortgage- backed securities.
The Merchant Investment business may invest in securities of U.S. and non-U.S. issuers in weak financial condition, experiencing poor operating results, having substantial capital needs or negative net worth, facing special competitive or product obsolescence problems, or that are involved in bankruptcy or reorganization proceedings. Investments of this type may involve substantial financial, legal and business risks that can result in substantial, or at times even total, losses. The market prices of such securities are subject to abrupt and erratic market movements and above-average price volatility. It may take a number of years for the market price of such securities to reflect their intrinsic value. In liquidation (both in and out of bankruptcy) and other forms of corporate insolvency and reorganization, there exists the risk that the reorganization either will be unsuccessful (due to, for example, failure to obtain requisite approvals), will be delayed (for example, until various liabilities, actual or contingent, have been satisfied) or will result in a distribution of cash, assets or a new security the value of which will be less than the purchase price to the Merchant Investment business of the security in respect to which such distribution was made and the terms of which may render such security illiquid.
The Merchant Investment business may invest in companies that are based outside of the United States, which may expose the Merchant Investment business to additional risks not typically associated with investing in companies that are based in the United States.
Investments in securities of non-U.S. issuers (including non-U.S. governments) and securities denominated or whose prices are quoted in non-U.S. currencies pose, to the extent not successfully hedged, currency exchange risks (including blockage, devaluation and non-exchangeability), as well as a range of other potential risks, which could include expropriation, confiscatory taxation, imposition of withholding or other taxes on dividends, interest, capital gains or other income, political or social instability, illiquidity, price volatility and market manipulation. In addition, less information may be available regarding securities of non-U.S. issuers, and non-U.S. issuers may not be subject to accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards and requirements comparable to, or as uniform as, those of U.S. issuers. Transaction costs of investing in non-U.S. securities markets are generally higher than in the United States. There is generally less government supervision and regulation of exchanges, brokers and issuers than there is in the United States. The Merchant Investment business may have greater difficulty taking appropriate legal action in non-U.S. courts. Non-U.S. markets also have different clearance and settlement procedures which in some markets have at times failed to keep pace with the volume of transactions, thereby creating substantial delays and settlement failures that could adversely affect the Merchant Investment business’s performance. Investments in non-U.S. markets may result in imposition of non-U.S. taxes or withholding on income and gains recognized with respect to such securities. There can be no assurance that adverse developments with respect to such risks will not materially adversely affect the Merchant Investment business’s investments that are held in certain countries or the returns from these investments.
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The Merchant Investment business’s investments are subject to numerous additional risks including those described below.
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Risks Related to Our Business and Industry
Macroeconomic fluctuations may harm our business, results of operations and stock price.
Our business, financial condition, operating results and cash flows may be adversely affected by changes in global economic conditions and geopolitical risks, including credit market conditions, trade policies, tariffs, levels of consumer and business confidence, commodity prices and availability, inflationary pressure, exchange rates, levels of government spending and deficits, political conditions, global pandemics, and other challenges that could affect the global economy including impacts associated with the continuing developments in the Russian war against Ukraine, sanctions which have been announced by the United States and other countries against Russia, conflicts in Israel and the Middle East, and attacks on cargo ships in the Red Sea, which have caused significant uncertainty, adding to continuing concerns about global trade flows, supply chain disruptions, higher transportation costs, higher inflation and increases in interest rates in the markets in which we operate. These economic and geopolitical conditions could affect businesses such as ours in a number of ways. Such conditions could have an adverse impact on our flexibility to react to changing economic and business conditions and on our ability to fund our operations. In addition, restrictions on credit availability could adversely affect the ability of our customers to make payments. Similarly, credit restrictions may adversely affect our supplier base and increase the potential for one or more of our suppliers to experience financial distress.
Changes in United States trade policies, including the imposition of tariffs and retaliatory tariffs, may adversely impact our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
During the first Trump Administration from 2017 to 2021, certain tariffs and retaliatory tariffs, as well as other trade restrictions, were imposed on various products and materials. President Trump again has signaled that his new Administration will impose tariffs and retaliatory tariffs against U.S. trading partners. During his election campaign, President Trump indicated that he would impose a 25% tariff against all goods imported from Canada and Mexico, a 60% tariff on goods from China, and a blanket tariff of 10% to 20% on other imports to the U.S. On February 1, 2025, President Trump issued an Executive Order imposing tariffs at various levels on imports from Canada, Mexico, and China. The newly imposed tariffs have resulted in immediate threats of retaliatory tariffs against U.S. goods and resulted in discussions with the countries which have delayed many of the U.S. imposed tariffs while discussion with each trading partner continue.
The above and other potential tariffs and trade restrictions may cause the prices of our vendors' products to increase, which could reduce demand for such products, or reduce our vendors' margins, and adversely impact their revenues, financial results, and ability to service debt. This in turn could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations. In addition, to the extent changes in the political environment have a negative impact on us or on the markets in which we operate our business, our results of operations and financial condition could be materially and adversely impacted in the future. At this time, it remains unclear what the U.S. government or foreign governments will or will not do with respect to additional tariffs that may be imposed or international trade agreements and policies.
Inflation and changing interest rates may adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.
Inflation in the United States decreased from 6.5% as of December 31, 2023 to 2.9% as of December 31, 2024, which is still above the U.S. Federal Reserve's long-term target of 2.0%. Inflation is expected to remain elevated in 2025 and the continued higher inflation may have an adverse impact on our Manufacturing cost of sales along with Engineering, selling and administrative expenses, as these costs could increase at a rate higher than our revenue.
The U.S. Federal Reserve decreased the federal funds rate a total of three times throughout 2024, resulting in a range from 4.25% to 4.50% as of December 31, 2024. However, it is expected that the U.S. Federal Reserve will continue to decrease the federal funds rate steady during 2025 to, among other things, control inflation. If interest rates continue to decline, the returns generated by our investments in U.S. Treasuries could be adversely impacted.
We are currently dependent on a single line of manufacturing business.
As a result of the Separation of MtronPTI on October 7, 2022, we are engaged only in the design, manufacture and marketing of our electronic instruments product line that includes highly engineered products for the generation of time and frequency references for synchronization and control.
Given our reliance on this single line of business, any decline in demand for this product line or failure to achieve continued market acceptance of existing and new versions of this product line may harm our business and our financial condition. Additionally, unfavorable market conditions affecting this line of business would likely have a disproportionate impact on us in comparison with certain competitors, who have more diversified operations and multiple lines of business. Should this line of business fail to generate sufficient sales to support ongoing operations, there can be no assurance that we will be able to develop alternate business lines.
Our financial results vary significantly from period to period.
We experience fluctuations in our financial results. Some of the principal factors that contribute to these fluctuations include changes in demand for our products; our effectiveness in managing manufacturing processes, costs and inventory; our effectiveness in engineering and qualifying new product designs with our OEM customers and in managing the risks associated with offering those new products into production; changes in the cost and availability of raw materials, which often occur in the electronics manufacturing industry and which affect our margins and our ability to meet delivery schedules; macroeconomic and served industry conditions; and events that may affect our production capabilities, such as labor conditions and political instability. In addition, due to the prevailing economic climate and competitive differences between the various market segments which we serve, the mix of sales between our communications, networking, aerospace, defense, industrial and instrumentation market segments may affect our operating results from period to period.
For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, we had net income of approximately $432 and $269, respectively. This fluctuation was a result of higher Net sales and Net investment income partially offset by higher expenses. Our operating income was derived from PTF, whose future rate of growth and profitability are highly dependent on the development and growth of demand for our products in the communications, networking, aerospace, defense, instrumentation and industrial markets, which can be cyclical, as well as net investment income from investments held by the Company. We cannot be certain whether we will generate sufficient revenues or sufficiently manage expenses to sustain profitability. Further, our returns on our cash and investments may not be sufficient to cover operating losses from PTF.
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Our order backlog may not be indicative of future revenues.
Our order backlog is comprised of orders that are subject to specific production release, orders under written contracts, oral and written orders from customers with which we have had long-standing relationships and written purchase orders from sales representatives. Our customers may order products from multiple sources to ensure timely delivery when backlog is particularly long and may cancel or defer orders without significant penalty. They also may cancel orders when business is weak, and inventories are excessive. As a result, we cannot provide assurances as to the portion of backlog orders to be filled in a given year, and our order backlog as of any particular date may not be representative of actual revenues for any subsequent period.
Our future rate of growth and profitability are highly dependent on the development and growth of the communications, networking, aerospace, defense, instrumentation and industrial markets, which are cyclical.
In 2024 and 2023, the majority of our revenues were derived from sales to manufacturers of equipment for the defense, aerospace, instrumentation and industrial markets for frequency and timing synchronization instruments and peripheral equipment, including indirect sales through distributors. During 2025, we expect a significant portion of our revenues to continue to be derived from sales to these manufacturers. Often OEMs and other service providers within these markets have experienced periods of capacity shortage and periods of excess capacity, as well as periods of either high or low demand for their products. In periods of excess capacity or low demand, purchases of capital equipment may be curtailed, including equipment that incorporates our products. A reduction in demand for the manufacture and purchase of equipment for these markets, whether due to cyclical, macroeconomic or other factors, or due to our reduced ability to compete based on cost or technical factors, could substantially reduce our net sales and operating results and adversely affect our financial condition. Moreover, if these markets fail to grow as expected, we may be unable to maintain or grow our revenues. The multiple variables which affect the communications, networking, aerospace, defense, instrumentation and industrial markets for our products, as well as the number of parties involved in the supply chain and manufacturing process, can impact inventory levels and lead to supply chain inefficiencies. As a result of these complexities, we have limited visibility to forecast revenue projections accurately for the near and medium-term timeframes.
The market share of our customers in the communications, networking, aerospace, defense, instrumentation and industrial markets may change over time, reducing the potential value of our relationships with our existing customer base.
We have developed long-term relationships with our existing customers, including pricing contracts, custom designs and approved vendor status. If these customers lose market share to other equipment manufacturers in the communications, networking, aerospace, defense, instrumentation and industrial markets with whom we do not have similar relationships, our ability to maintain revenue, margin or operating performance may be adversely affected.
The loss or decrease in sales among one of our top customers, or a material change in the terms on which they are willing to buy from us, could have a substantial negative impact on our sales and operating results.
A significant percentage of our sales has been, and is expected to be, concentrated among a relatively small number of customers. In 2024, the Company’s two largest customers accounted for $310, or 13.9%, and $261, or 11.7%, respectively, of the Company’s Net sales. In 2023, the Company’s two largest customers accounted for $399, or 23.1%, and $236, or 13.7%, respectively, of the Company’s Net sales. We anticipate that this concentration of sales among these customers will continue in the future. The loss of a significant customer, changes in customer buying behaviors or a substantial decrease in sales to such a customer could have a material adverse effect on our sales and operating results. In addition, any consolidation among our key customers may further increase our customer concentration risk.
Because our sales are concentrated, and the industry in which we operate is very competitive, we are under ongoing pressure from our customers to offer lower prices, extend payment terms, increase marketing and transportation allowances, provide enhanced rebates, discounts, rights of return and credits and offer other terms more favorable to these customers. These customer demands have put continued pressure on our operating margins and profitability and in the future could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We may make acquisitions that are not successful, or we may fail to integrate acquired businesses into our operations properly.
We intend to continue exploring opportunities to buy other businesses or technologies that could complement, enhance, or expand our current business or product line, or that might otherwise offer us growth opportunities. We may have difficulty finding such opportunities or, if such opportunities are identified, we may not be able to complete such transactions for reasons including a failure to secure necessary financing.
Any transactions that we are able to identify and complete may involve a number of risks, including:
• Material business risks not identified in due diligence;
• Our possible inability to achieve the intended objectives of the transaction.
In addition, we may not be able to integrate, operate, maintain or manage, successfully or profitably, our newly acquired operations or employees. We may not be able to maintain uniform standards, controls, policies and procedures, and this may lead to operational inefficiencies.
Any of these difficulties could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
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If we are unable to introduce innovative products, demand for our products may decrease.
Our future operating results are dependent on our ability to develop, introduce and market innovative products continually, to modify existing products, to respond to technological change and to customize some of our products to meet customer requirements. There are numerous risks inherent in this process, including the risks that we will be unable to anticipate the direction of technological change or that we will be unable to develop and market new products and applications in a timely or cost-effective manner to satisfy customer demand.
Our markets are highly competitive, and we may lose business to larger and better-financed competitors.
Our markets are highly competitive worldwide, with low transportation costs and few import barriers. We compete principally on the basis of product quality and reliability, availability, customer service, technological innovation, timely delivery and price. Within the industries in which we compete, competition has become increasingly concentrated and global in recent years.
Many of our major competitors, some of which are larger than us, and potential competitors have substantially greater financial resources and more extensive engineering, manufacturing, marketing and customer support capabilities. If we are unable to successfully compete against current and future competitors, our operating results will be adversely affected.
Our success depends on our ability to retain key management and technical personnel and attracting, retaining, and training new technical personnel.
Our future growth and success will depend in large part upon our ability to recruit highly-skilled technical personnel, including engineers, and to retain our existing management and technical personnel. There is a labor shortage in the markets in which we operate which are highly competitive, and some of our operations are not located in highly populated areas. As a result, we may not be able to recruit and retain key personnel. Our failure to hire, retain or adequately train key personnel could have a negative impact on our performance.
We purchase certain key components and raw materials from single or limited sources and could lose sales if these sources fail to fulfill our needsfor any reason.
If single-source components or key raw materials were to become unavailable on satisfactory terms, and we could not obtain comparable replacement components or raw materials from other sources in a timely manner, our business, results of operations and financial condition could be harmed. On occasion, one or more of the components used in our products have become unavailable, resulting in unanticipated redesign and related delays in shipments. Changes in global economic and geopolitical conditions have disrupted supply chains and the ability to obtain components and raw materials around the world for all companies, including us. We cannot give assurance that we will be able to obtain the necessary components and raw materials necessary to conduct our business. In addition, our suppliers may be impacted by compliance with environmental regulations including RoHS and Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment ("WEEE"), which could disrupt the supply of components or raw materials or cause additional costs for us to implement new components or raw materials into our manufacturing processes.
As a supplier to U.S. Government defense contractors, we are subject to a number of procurement regulations and other requirements and could be adversely affected by changes in regulations or any negative findings from a U.S. Government audit or investigation.
As a supplier to certain U.S. Government defense contractors, we must comply with certain procurement regulations and other requirements. Maintaining registration under the SAM is critical in order to receive U.S. Government contracts. As a small business we obtain preferential treatment for awards from tier one Government contractors however to maintain this position we are required to submit annually "Representation and Certification" documents attesting to our size, revenue, and internal controls for anti-discrimination, avoidance of counterfeit components, and a number of other federally mandated issues.
From time to time, we may also be subject to U.S. Government investigations relating to our or our customers’ operations. In particular, for international business, we are required to submit a request for AES validation used by U.S. Government agencies to measure the compliance of U.S. exports with U.S. export control laws. The cost of cooperating or complying with such audits or investigations may adversely affect our financial results.
Our products are complex and may contain errors or design flaws, which could be costly to correct.
When we release new products, or new versions of existing products, they may contain undetected or unresolved errors or defects. The vast majority of our products are custom designed for requirements of specific OEM systems. The expected business life of these products ranges from less than one year to more than 10 years depending on the application. Some of the customizations are modest changes to existing product designs while others are major product redesigns or new product platforms.
Despite testing, errors or defects may be found in new products or upgrades after the commencement of commercial shipments. Undetected errors and design flaws have occurred in the past and could occur in the future. These errors could result in delays, loss of market acceptance and sales, diversion of development resources, damage to the Company’s reputation, product liability claims and legal action by its customers and third parties, failure to attract new customers and increased service costs.
Communications and network infrastructure equipment manufacturers increasingly rely upon contract manufacturers, thereby diminishing our ability to sell our products directly to those equipment manufacturers.
There is a continuing trend among communications and network infrastructure equipment manufacturers to outsource the manufacturing of their equipment or components. As a result, our ability to persuade these OEMs to utilize our products in customer designs could be reduced and, in the absence of a manufacturer’s specification of our products, the prices that we can charge for them may be subject to greater competition.
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Future changes in our environmental liability and compliance obligations may increase costs and decrease profitability.
Our present and past manufacturing operations, products, and/or product packaging are subject to environmental laws and regulations governing air emissions, wastewater discharges, and the handling, disposal and remediation of hazardous substances, wastes and other chemicals. In addition, more stringent environmental regulations may be enacted in the future, and we cannot presently determine the modifications, if any, in our operations that any future regulations might require, or the cost of compliance that would be associated with such regulations.
Environmental laws and regulations may cause us to change our manufacturing processes, redesign some of our products, and change components to eliminate some substances in our products in order to be able to continue to offer them for sale.
We rely on information technology systems to conduct our business, and disruption, failure or security breaches of these systems could adversely affect our business and results of operations.
We rely on information technology ("IT") systems in order to achieve our business objectives. We also rely upon industry accepted security measures and technology to securely maintain confidential information maintained on our IT systems. However, our portfolio of hardware and software products, solutions and services and our enterprise IT systems may be vulnerable to damage or disruption caused by circumstances beyond our control such as catastrophic events, power outages, natural disasters, computer system or network failures, computer viruses, cyber-attacks or other malicious software programs. The failure or disruption of our IT systems to perform as anticipated for any reason could disrupt our business and result in decreased performance, significant remediation costs, transaction errors, loss of data, processing inefficiencies, downtime, litigation and the loss of suppliers or customers. A significant disruption or failure could have a material adverse effect on our business operations, financial performance and financial condition.
Cybersecurity risks and cyber incidents may adversely affect our business by causing a disruption to our operations, a compromise or corruption of our confidential information, and/or damage to our business relationships, all of which could negatively impact our financial results.
A cyber incident is considered to be any adverse event that threatens the confidentiality, integrity or availability of our information resources. These incidents may be an intentional attack or an unintentional event and could involve gaining unauthorized access to our information systems for purposes of misappropriating assets, stealing confidential information, corrupting data or causing operational disruption. The result of these incidents may include disrupted operations, misstated or unreliable financial data, liability for stolen assets or information, increased cybersecurity protection and insurance costs, litigation and damage to our investor relationships. As our reliance on technology increases, so will the risks posed to our information systems, both internal and those we outsource. There is no guarantee that any processes, procedures and internal controls we have implemented or will implement will prevent cyber intrusions, which could have a negative impact on our financial results, operations, business relationships or confidential information.
Risks Related to Our Securities
The price of our common stock has fluctuated considerably and is likely to remain volatile, in part due to the limited market for our common stock.
From January 1, 2024 through December 31, 2024, the high and low closing prices for our common stock were $6.58 and $5.05, respectively. There is a limited public market for our common stock, and we cannot provide assurances that a more active trading market will develop or be sustained. As a result of limited trading volume in our common stock, the purchase or sale of a relatively small number of shares could result in significant price fluctuations and it may be difficult for holders to sell their shares without depressing the market price for our common stock.
Additionally, the market price of our common stock may continue to fluctuate significantly in response to a number of factors, some of which are beyond our control, including the following:
• Market reaction to our reported financial results;
• Loss of a major customer;
• Changes in key personnel.
Our officers, directors and 10% or greater stockholders have significant voting power and may vote their shares in a manner that is not in the best interest of other stockholders.
Our officers, directors and 10% or greater stockholders control approximately 37.3% of the voting power represented by our outstanding shares of common stock as of
March 14, 2025.
If these stockholders act together, they may be able to exert significant control over our management and affairs requiring stockholder approval, including approval of significant corporate transactions. This concentration of ownership may have the effect of delaying or preventing a change in control and might adversely affect the market price of our common stock. This concentration of ownership may not be in the best interests of all of our stockholders.
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The warrants to purchase shares of our common stock may not have any value.
The warrants to purchase shares of our common stock are "European style warrants." Before the Separation, the warrants had an exercise price of $12.50 per share and only become exercisable on the earlier of (i) the expiration date, November 16, 2025, and (ii) such date that the 30-day volume weighted average price per share ("VWAP") of our common stock was greater than or equal to $17.50. Subsequent to the Separation, the warrant exercise price of $12.50 was adjusted to $4.75, and the warrant trigger price for potential acceleration of the exercise date of $17.50 was adjusted to $6.65. The previously announced distribution of MtronPTI shares under the Separation was a qualifying dilutive event that required an adjustment under Section 10 of the warrant agreement, with the exercise price of the warrants and the trigger price for the potential acceleration of the exercise date for its warrants adjusted using the calculation provided within the warrant agreement.
The warrants became exercisable on March 4, 2025, and may be exercised in accordance with the terms of the warrant agreement until their expiration.
This exercise price does not necessarily bear any relationship to established criteria for valuation of our common stock, such as book value per share, cash flows, or earnings; and the holder of such warrant should not consider this exercise price as an indication of the current or future market price of our common stock. There can be no assurance that the market price of our common stock will exceed $4.75 per share on November 16, 2025, the expiration date of the warrants, or at any other time the warrants may be exercised prior to such date. If the market price of our common stock on such date does not exceed $4.75 per share, the warrants will be of no value.
An active trading market for the warrants to purchase shares of our common stock may not be sustained.
If an active market for the warrants to purchase shares of our common stock is not sustained, it may be difficult for the holders thereof to sell such warrants without depressing the market price for such securities.
Holders of the warrants to purchase shares of our common stock will have no rights as a common stockholder until such holders exercise their warrants and acquire shares of our common stock.
Until warrant holders acquire shares of our common stock upon exercise of the warrants, warrant holders will have no rights with respect to the shares of our common stock underlying such warrants. Upon the acquisition of shares of our common stock upon exercise of the warrants, the holders thereof will be entitled to exercise the rights of a common stockholder only as to matters for which the record date for the matter occurs after the exercise date of the warrants.
Adjustments to the exercise price of the warrants, or the number of shares of common stock for which the warrants are exercisable, following certain corporate events may not fully compensate warrant holders for the value they would have received if they held the common stock underlying the warrants at the time of such events.
The warrants provide for adjustments to the exercise price of the warrants following a number of corporate events, including (i) our issuance of a stock dividend or the subdivision or combination of our common stock, (ii) our issuance of rights, options or warrants to purchase our common stock at a price below the 10-day VWAP of our common stock, (iii) a distribution of capital stock of the Company or any subsidiary other than our common stock, rights to acquire such capital stock, evidences of indebtedness or assets, (iv) our issuance of a cash dividend on our common stock, and (v) certain tender offers for our common stock by the Company or one or more of our wholly-owned subsidiaries. The warrants also provide for adjustments to the number of shares of common stock for which the warrants are exercisable following our issuance of a stock dividend or the subdivision or combination of our common stock. Any adjustment made to the exercise price of the warrants or the number of shares of common stock for which the warrants are exercisable following a corporate event in accordance with these provisions may not fully compensate warrant holders for the value they would have received if they held the common stock underlying the warrants at the time of the event.
As a smaller reporting company, we are subject to scaled disclosure requirements that may make it more challenging for investors to analyze our results of operations and financial prospects.
Currently, we are a "smaller reporting company," meaning that our outstanding common stock held by non-affiliates had a market value of less than $250 million as of June 30, 2023. As a "smaller reporting company," we are able to provide simplified executive compensation disclosures in our filings; are exempt from the provisions of Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act requiring that independent registered public accounting firms provide an attestation report on the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting; and have certain other decreased disclosure obligations in our SEC filings, including, being required to provide only two years of audited financial statements in annual reports. Consequently, it may be more challenging for investors to analyze our results of operations and financial prospects.
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Risks Related to the Separation
We may be unable to achieve some or all of the expected benefits of the Separation, and the Separation may adversely affect our business.
Although we believe that separating MtronPTI into a stand-alone, publicly traded company has provided financial, operational and other benefits to us and our stockholders, we cannot provide assurance that we will achieve the full strategic and financial benefits expected from the Separation. If we do not realize the intended benefits of the Separation, we could suffer a material adverse effect on our business, financial conditions, results of operations and cash flows.
The Separation could result in substantial tax liability to us and our stockholders.
We received an opinion of a tax expert to the effect that, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, the Separation qualifies for tax-free treatment under certain sections of the Internal Revenue Code. However, the opinion relies on certain assumptions, representations and undertakings, including those relating to the past and future conduct of our business, and the opinion would not be valid if such assumptions, representations and undertakings were incorrect. Furthermore, the opinion is not binding on the Internal Revenue Service ("IRS") or the courts. If, notwithstanding receipt of the opinion, the Separation or certain related transactions are determined to be taxable, we would be subject to a substantial tax liability. In addition, if the Separation is taxable, each holder of our common stock who received shares of M-tron Industries, Inc. in connection with the Separation would generally be treated as receiving a taxable dividend in an amount equal to the fair value of the shares received.
Even if the Separation otherwise qualifies as a tax-free transaction, the distribution would be taxable to us (but not to our stockholders) in certain circumstances if future significant acquisitions of our stock or the stock of M-tron Industries, Inc. are determined to be part of a plan or series of related transactions that included the Separation. In this event, the resulting tax liability could be substantial. In connection with the Separation, we entered into a Tax Sharing and Indemnification Agreement with M-tron Industries, Inc., pursuant to which M-tron Industries, Inc. agreed to not enter into any transaction that could cause the Separation or any related transactions to be taxable to us without our consent and to indemnify us for any tax liability resulting from any such transaction. In addition, these potential tax liabilities may discourage, delay or prevent a change of control of us.
The distribution of MtronPTI common stock may not qualify for tax-free treatment.
There is a risk that the Distribution may not qualify for tax-free treatment and, accordingly, will be a taxable transaction to the Company’s stockholders. While the Distribution is intended to be tax-free under Section 355 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Code"), and while we believe that the Company’s stockholders should not recognize gain or loss as a result of the Distribution and that no amount should be included in their income as a result of the Distribution for U.S. federal income tax purposes, the Company nor MtronPTI has applied or will apply for a private letter ruling from the IRS with respect to the tax consequences of the Distribution. Accordingly, there can be no assurance that the IRS or another taxing authority will not assert that the Distribution is taxable to the Company, MtronPTI or the Company’s stockholders. If the Distribution is determined to be taxable for U.S. federal income tax purposes, the receipt of MtronPTI common stock in the Separation is expected to be treated as a distribution of property in an amount equal to the fair market value of the stock received. We believe that a reasonable approach to determine the fair market value of the shares of MtronPTI common stock received would be to use the volume weighted average price of MtronPTI common stock on the first full trading day following the Distribution. In such circumstances, the Distribution of MtronPTI common stock in the Separation would be treated as ordinary dividend income to the extent considered paid out of the Company’s current or accumulated earnings and profits (as determined under U.S. federal income tax principles). Distributions in excess of the Company’s current year and accumulated earnings and profits will be treated as a non-taxable return of capital, which reduces basis, to the extent of the holder’s basis in its shares of the Company’s common stock, as applicable, and thereafter as capital gain. The amount of those earnings and profits is not determinable at this time because it will depend on the Company’s income for the entire tax year in which the distribution occurs.
In connection with the Distribution, MtronPTI and LGL entered into a Tax Indemnity and Sharing Agreement pursuant to which MtronPTI and LGL will be responsible for certain liabilities and obligations following the Distribution. In general, under the terms of the tax matters agreement, if the Distribution, together with certain related transactions, were to fail to qualify as a tax-free transaction under Sections 355 and 368(a)(1)(D) of the Code (including as a result of Section 355I of the Code) if such failure were the result of actions taken after the Distribution by the LGL or MtronPTI, then the party responsible for such failure will be responsible for all taxes imposed on LGL to the extent such taxes result from such actions.
As a result of the Separation, certain of our directors and officers may have actual or potential conflicts of interest because of their positions or relationships with MtronPTI.
As a result of the Separation, Marc Gabelli serves as special advisor to the Chairman of the Board of Directors of MtronPTI and serves as Chairman of the Board of Directors and co-Chief Executive Officer of the Company. Such dual roles could create, or appear to create, potential conflicts of interest when the Company and MtronPTI’s officers and directors face decisions that could have different implications for the two companies.
In addition, potential conflicts of interest could arise in connection with the resolution of any dispute that may arise between the Company and MtronPTI regarding the terms of the agreements governing the separation and the relationship thereafter between the companies.
Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments
None.
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Item 1C. Cybersecurity
Cybersecurity risk management is an integral part of our overall risk management efforts. The Company has chosen the National Institute of Standards ("NIST") for its base framework. Controls in the NIST SP 800-53 catalog have been tailored based on inheritance from MtronPTI controls, internally determined information technology ("IT") general controls and industry best practices to create a balanced approach to protecting the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of our systems. We also seek to mitigate risk and manage any residual financial risk through a robust cyber insurance policy.
The Board of Directors has ultimate oversight of the Company's risk management. Pursuant to its charter, the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors has primary responsibility for the oversight of cybersecurity and information technology risks, and the Company's preparedness for these risks. The Audit Committee receives regular updates from our senior management and MtronPTI personnel (pursuant to the Transitional Administrative and Management Services Agreement between us and MtronPTI) on cybersecurity risk. The Company's cybersecurity incident response is overseen by MtronPTI's Director of IT, who is a member of MtronPTI's enterprise management team and also reports to the LGL Group Co-CEOs for all matters concerning LGL Group cybersecurity.
The Company performs risk assessments and reviews information on relevant internal and industry cybersecurity incidents. The Audit Committee is notified of any incidents which could materially affect us. These regular updates include topics related to cybersecurity practices, cyber risks, mitigation strategies, and other cybersecurity developments. Significant findings related to cybersecurity, data and technology risks or incidents are regularly reported to and discussed at the Board level.
MtronPTI's IT team operates an ISO 27001 certified Information Security Management System. MtronPTI's IT participates in several industry information sharing groups, including the Defense Industrial Base Cybersecurity Program and The Society of Industrial Security Professionals and has also fostered local contacts with the Federal Bureau of Investigations ("FBI") and local industry peers. The IT team monitors industry news daily and response to threat feeds from multiple sources. To further its cybersecurity efforts, MtronPTI partners with several external entities including:
All LGL Group users with both email and enterprise resource planning ("ERP") system access are provided quarterly and annual cyber security training and participate in bi-weekly phishing tests to maintain continuous awareness of threats. Access to the Company's ERP system is limited by a second layer of access approval and authorization.
Based on the information available as of the date of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, we did not identify any cybersecurity threats that have materially affected or are reasonably likely to materially affect our business strategy, financial condition or results of operations. However, despite our security measures, we cannot eliminate all risks from cybersecurity threats, or provide assurances that we will not experience a cybersecurity incident in the future that will materially affect us. Additional information on cybersecurity-related risk is discussed under the heading "Cybersecurity risks and cyber incidents may adversely affect our business by causing a disruption to our operations, a compromise or corruption of our confidential information, and/or damage to our business relationships, all of which could negatively impact our financial results." in Part I, Item 1A. of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Item 2. Properties
The Company’s principal executive offices are located in Orlando, Florida and services are provided to LGL Group by MtronPTI staff under the Amended and Restated Transitional Administrative and Management Services Agreement with MtronPTI. PTF’s operations, which comprise our Electronic Instruments segment, are located in Wakefield, Massachusetts, where PTF leases approximately 3,600 square feet of office and manufacturing space.
Item 3. Legal Proceedings
From time to time, we may be involved in various claims and legal proceedings related to claims arising out of our operations. We are not currently a party to any material legal proceedings, including any such proceedings that are pending or threatened, of which we are aware.
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures
Not applicable.
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PART II
Unless otherwise stated, all dollar amounts are in thousands.
Market for Common Equity
Our common stock and warrants are traded on the NYSE American, under the symbols "LGL" and "LGL WS," respectively.
Holders of Common Stock and Warrants
As of March 14, 2025, we had approximately 1,270 holders of record of our common stock and approximately 740 holders of record of our warrants. The actual number of holders of common stock and warrants is greater than this number of record holders, and includes holders who are beneficial owners, but whose shares or warrants are held in street name by brokers and other nominees. This number of holders of record also does not include holders whose shares or warrants may be held in trust by other entities.
Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities
The Company did not sell any equity securities during the three months and year ended December 31, 2024 that were not registered under the Securities Act.
Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer or Affiliated Purchaser
The following table sets forth information with respective to shares of common equity purchased by the Company during the three months ended December 31, 2024:
Total — —
Cash Dividend Policy
Our Board has adhered to a practice of not paying cash dividends. This policy takes into account our long-term growth objectives, including our anticipated investments for organic growth, potential technology acquisitions or other strategic ventures and stockholders’ desire for capital appreciation of their holdings. No cash dividends have been paid to our stockholders since January 30, 1989, and none are expected to be paid for the foreseeable future.
Warrants
LGL Group has approximately 5.25 million "European Style" warrants outstanding, exercisable at a 5 for 1 ratio into LGL Group common stock. On March 6, 2025, we announced that the warrants became exercisable through November 16, 2025, the expiration date.
Assuming that all warrants are exercised, the net proceeds from the exercise of the warrants will be $4,995. The Company intends to use the net proceeds from the exercise of the warrants for general corporate purposes, which may include working capital, general and administrative expenses, capital expenditures and implementation of our strategic priorities. Pending the application of the net proceeds, we may invest the proceeds in short-term, interest bearing, investment-grade marketable securities or money market obligations.
Item 6. Reserved
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You should read the following discussion and analysis together with our audited consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes. This discussion contains forward-looking statements, including statements regarding our expected financial position, business and financing plans. These statements involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual results could differ materially from the results described in or implied by these forward-looking statements as a result of various factors, including those discussed below and elsewhere in this Report, particularly under the headings "Cautionary Statement Concerning Forward-Looking Statements" and "Risk Factors."
Unless otherwise stated, all dollar amounts are in thousands.
Overview
The Company is a holding company engaged in services, merchant investment and manufacturing business activities. The Company, through its manufacturing business subsidiary, is engaged in the designing, manufacturing and marketing of high-performance Frequency and Time Reference Standards that form the basis for timing and synchronization in various applications. The Company’s primary markets are communications, networking, aerospace, defense, instrumentation and industrial markets.
The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of The LGL Group, Inc., its majority-owned subsidiaries, and variable interest entities ("VIEs") of which we are the primary beneficiary.
For a discussion of the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to the year ended December 31, 2022, refer to Part II, Item 7, "Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023, filed with the SEC on April 1, 2024, which is available free of charge on the SEC's website at https://www.sec.gov and on our website at www.lglgroup.com.
Trends and Uncertainties
We are not aware of any material trends or uncertainties, other than the global economic conditions affecting our industry generally, that may reasonably be expected to have a material impact, favorable or unfavorable, on our revenues or income other than those listed in Part I, Item 1A, Risk Factors, of this Report .
Changing Interest Rates
The U.S. Federal Reserve decreased the federal funds rate a total of three times throughout 2024, resulting in a range from 4.25% to 4.50% as of December 31, 2024. Through the date of filing of this Report, the U.S. Federal Reserve has maintained the federal funds rate between 4.25% to 4.50%. It is expected that the U.S. Federal Reserve will continue to decrease the federal funds rate during 2025 to, among other things, control inflation; however, the timing of any future changes remains unclear. If interest rates continue to decline, the returns generated by our investments in U.S. Treasuries could be adversely impacted.
Tariffs
The current U.S. federal administration has proposed or imposed tariffs on certain products entering the United States imported from other countries. Additionally, foreign governments have imposed retaliatory tariffs on products exported from the United States. The increase in tariffs could have an adverse impact on Manufacturing cost of goods as these costs could increase at a higher rate than our revenues. As a result, we may increase the prices we charge our customers.
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Results of Operations - Consolidated
The following table presents our Consolidated Statements of Operations for the periods indicated:
Year Ended December 31,
(in thousands, except share data) 2024 2023 $ Change % Change
Revenues:
Expenses:
Income from continuing operations before income tax expense 699 646 53 8.2 %
Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax — (28 ) 28 100.0 %
Less: Net income attributable to non-controlling interests 90 48 42 87.5 %
2024 Compared to 2023
Total Revenues
Total revenues increased $614, or 16.7%, from $3,678 in 2023 to $4,292 in 2024. The following items contributed to the overall increase:
The increase was partially offset by a $389, or 101.3%, decrease in Net gains (losses) from $384 in 2023 to ($5) in 2024 primarily due to mark-to-market movements on Marketable securities in 2024 versus realized gains on the related sales of mutual fund investments in 2023 within the Corporate segment.
Total Expenses
Total expenses increased $561, or 18.5%, from $3,032 in 2023 to $3,593 in 2024. The following items contributed to the overall increase:
Gross Margin
Gross margin (Net sales less Manufacturing cost of sales as a percentage of Net sales) decreased 90 basis points from 53.9% in 2023 to 53.0% in 2024 primarily due to several contracts with lower margin products within the Electronic Instruments segment.
Backlog
As of December 31, 2024, our order backlog was $336, a increase of $193, compared to $143 as of December 31, 2023 primarily due to the timing and size of orders. The backlog of unfilled orders includes amounts based on purchase orders, which we have determined are firm orders likely to be fulfilled primarily in the next 12 months.
Order backlog is adjusted quarterly to reflect project cancellations, deferrals, revised project scope and cost, and sales of subsidiaries, if any. We expect to fill a substantial portion of our order backlog as of December 31, 2024 in 2025, but cannot provide assurances as to what portion of the order backlog will be fulfilled in a given year.
Income Tax Expense
Income tax expense decreased $124, or 41.2%, from $301 in 2023 to $177 in 2024 primarily due to return-to-provision true ups in 2024 partially offset by the increase in Income from continuing operations discussed above.
Income from Discontinued Operations, Net of Tax
Income (loss) from discontinued operations increased $28, or 100.0%, from ($28) in 2023 to $0 in 2024 primarily due to Separation costs incurred 2023.
Net Income Attributable to Non-Controlling Interests
Net income attributable to non-controlling interests increased $42 from $48 in 2023 to $90 in 2024 primarily due to higher income from LGL Systems.
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Results of Operations - Operating Segments
Electronic Instruments
The following table presents income from continuing operations of our Electronic Instruments segment for the periods indicated:
Year Ended December 31,
Revenues:
Expenses:
Manufacturing cost of sales 1,047 796
Engineering, selling and administrative 936 780
Income from continuing operations before income taxes $ 243 $ 152
2024 Compared to 2023
Income from Continuing Operations Before Income Taxes
Income from continuing operations before income taxes increased $91, or 59.9%, from $152 in 2023 to $243 in 2024. The increase was primarily driven by a $498, or 28.8%, increase in Net sales from $1,728 in 2023 to $2,226 in 2024 primarily due to additional contracts won in 2024.
The increase was partially offset by:
Merchant Investment
The following table presents income from continuing operations of our Merchant Investment segment for the periods indicated:
Year Ended December 31,
Revenues:
Expenses:
Engineering, selling and administrative 381 216
Income from continuing operations before income taxes $ 847 $ 653
2024 Compared to 2023
Income from Continuing Operations Before Income Taxes
Income from continuing operations before income taxes increased $194 from $653 in 2023 to $847 in 2024 due to an increase in Net investment income driven by higher balances invested in United States Treasury money market funds in 2024 partially offset by higher corporate-level expenses allocated to the Merchant Investment segment.
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Corporate
The following table presents income from continuing operations of Corporate for the periods indicated:
Year Ended December 31,
Revenues:
Net investment income $ 843 $ 697
Net (losses) gains (5 ) 384
Expenses:
Engineering, selling and administrative 1,229 1,240
Loss from continuing operations before income taxes $ (391 ) $ (159 )
2024 Compared to 2023
Loss from Continuing Operations Before Income Taxes
Loss from continuing operations before income taxes increased $232, or 145.9%, from $159 in 2023 to $391 in 2024 primarily due to a $389, or 101.3%, decrease in Net gains (losses) from $384 in 2023 to ($5) in 2024 driven by mark-to-market movements on Marketable securities in 2024 versus realized gains on the related sales of mutual fund investments in 2023 partially offset by a $146, or 20.9%, increase in Net investment income from $697 in 2023 to $843 in 2024 driven by higher balances invested in United States Treasury money market funds.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Overview
Liquidity refers to our ability to access sufficient sources of cash to meet the requirements of our operating, investing and financing activities.
Capital refers to our long-term financial resources available to support business operations and future growth.
Our ability to generate and maintain sufficient liquidity and capital depends on the profitability of the businesses, timing of cash flows, general economic conditions and access to the capital markets and the other sources of liquidity and capital described herein.
As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, Cash and cash equivalents were $41,585 and $40,711, respectively.
Cash Flow Activity
The following table presents the cash flow activity for the periods indicated:
As of December 31,
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of year $ 40,711 $ 21,507
Cash provided by operating activities 874 385
Cash provided by investing activities — 18,819
Net change in cash and cash equivalents 874 19,204
Cash and cash equivalents, end of year $ 41,585 $ 40,711
Operating Activities
Cash provided by operating activities was $874 in 2024 compared to $385 in 2023, an increase of $489 primarily due to the following:
The increase was partially offset by:
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Our working capital metrics and ratios were as follows:
As of December 31,
Less: Current liabilities 904 474
Management continues to focus on efficiently managing working capital requirements to match operating activity levels and will seek to deploy the Company’s working capital where it will generate the greatest returns.
Investing Activities
Cash provided by investing activities was $0 in 2024 compared to $18,819 in 2023, a decrease of $18,819 primarily due to the sale of the Company's investments in marketable securities, including IrontNet, Inc. and mutual fund investments during Q1 and Q2 2023 at a gain as well as the consolidation of non-controlling interests related to LGL Systems Acquisition Holding Company, LLC.
Capital Resources
We believe that existing cash and cash equivalents, marketable securities and cash generated from operations will provide sufficient liquidity to meet our ongoing working capital and capital expenditure requirements for the next 12 months and for the foreseeable future. The Company’s management continues to strive for profitability both internally and through acquisition.
Our Board has adhered to a practice of not paying cash dividends. This policy takes into account our long-term growth objectives, including our anticipated investments for organic growth, potential acquisitions or other strategic ventures and stockholders’ desire for capital appreciation of their holdings. No cash dividends have been paid to the Company’s stockholders since January 30, 1989, and none are expected to be paid for the foreseeable future.
Contractual Obligations
The following table summarizes contractual obligations in total, and by remaining maturity:
Payments due by Period
Leases
Leases relate to our Electronic Instruments business and represent the future minimum lease payments under our operating leases. We believe that the Electronic Instruments business maintain adequate financial resources to meet the actual required payments under these obligations.
Completion of Spin-Off of MtronPTI from LGL Group
On October 7, 2022 (the "Distribution Date"), at 12:01 a.m. Eastern Time, the spin-off of MtronPTI was completed (the "Spin-off" or the "Separation"). The Separation of MtronPTI was achieved through LGL’s distribution of 100% of the shares of MtronPTI common stock to holders of LGL common stock as of the close of business on the record date of September 30, 2022. LGL stockholders of record received one-half share of MtronPTI common stock for every share of LGL common stock. Following the Distribution, MtronPTI became an independent, publicly traded company with its common stock listed under the symbol "MPTI" on the NYSE American, and LGL retained no ownership interest in MtronPTI.
In connection with the Separation, MtronPTI entered into several agreements with LGL that, among other things, effect the Separation and provide a framework for its relationship with LGL after the Separation, including (i) an Amended and Restated Separation and Distribution Agreement which provides for, among other things, the mechanics for effecting the Distribution as well as certain ongoing responsibilities of MtronPTI and LGL subsequent to the Distribution, (ii) an Amended and Restated Transitional Administrative and Management Services Agreement with MtronPTI, which, among other things, specifies that LGL will provide MtronPTI, and MtronPTI will provide LGL, with certain administrative and management services, and (iii) an Amended and Restated Tax Indemnity and Sharing Agreement, which, among other things, contains certain agreements and covenants related to tax matters involving LGL and MtronPTI and covers time periods before and after the Distribution. For more information regarding the agreements entered into in connection with the Distribution, please refer to MtronPTI's registration statement on Form 10, as amended, and filed on August 19, 2022 with the SEC, and the Information Statement contained therein.
The foregoing description of the Amended and Restated Separation and Distribution Agreement, Amended and Restated Transitional Administrative and Management Services Agreement, and Amended and Restated Tax Indemnity and Sharing Agreement does not purport to be complete and is qualified in its entirety. Please see the full text of the Agreements, filed as Exhibits 2.1, 10.3, and 10.4, respectively, to this Report on Form 10-K.
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Critical Accounting Estimates
Our consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. Our significant accounting policies are more fully described Note 2 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies in the accompanying Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements. Certain accounting policies require us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expense during the reporting period. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate our estimates and assumptions, and the effects of revisions are reflected in the financial statements in the period in which they are determined to be necessary. The accounting policies described below are those that most frequently require us to make estimates and judgments and, therefore, are critical to understanding our results of operations.
Income Taxes
We account for income taxes in accordance with ASC Topic 740, Income Taxes ("ASC 740"), which requires an asset and liability approach for the financial accounting and reporting of income taxes. Under this method, deferred income taxes are recognized for the expected future tax consequences of differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their reported amounts in the financial statements. These balances are measured using the enacted tax rates expected to apply in the year(s) in which these temporary differences are expected to reverse. The effect of a change in tax rates on deferred income taxes is recognized in income in the period when the change is enacted.
Based on consideration of all available evidence regarding their utilization, we record net deferred tax assets to the extent that it is more likely than not that they will be realized. Where, based on the weight of all available evidence, it is more likely than not that some amount of a deferred tax asset will not be realized, we establish a valuation allowance for the amount that, in our judgment, is sufficient to reduce the deferred tax asset to an amount that is more likely than not to be realized. In reaching such conclusions, we consider available positive and negative evidence including past operating results, projections of future taxable income, the feasibility of ongoing tax planning strategies and the realizability of tax loss carryforwards. Our projections of future taxable income include estimates and assumptions regarding our income and costs, as well as the timing and amount of reversals of taxable temporary differences.
The Company follows a two-step approach to recognize and measure uncertain tax positions. The first step is to evaluate the tax position for recognition by determining if the available evidence indicates it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained on audit, including resolution of related appeals or litigation processes, if any. The second step is to measure the tax benefit as the largest amount which is more than 50% likely of being realized upon ultimate settlement. The Company considers many factors when evaluating and estimating its tax positions and tax benefits, which may require periodic adjustments and for which actual outcomes may differ from forecasted outcomes. The Company's policy is to include interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions in income tax expense.
Variable Interest Entities
In accordance with the provisions of the FASB ASC Topic 810, Consolidation ("ASC 810"), we evaluate entities for which control is achieved through means other than voting rights to determine if we are the primary beneficiary of a variable interest entity ("VIE"). An entity is a VIE if it has any of the following characteristics: (1) the entity has insufficient equity to permit it to finance its activities without additional subordinated financial support; (2) equity holders, as a group, lack the characteristics of a controlling financial interest; or (3) the entity is structured with non-substantive voting rights. The primary beneficiary of a VIE is generally the entity that has (a) the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly impact the VIE’s economic performance and (b) the obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive benefits that could potentially be significant to the VIE. We consolidate our investment in a VIE when we determine that we are the primary beneficiary of such entity.
In determining whether we are the primary beneficiary of a VIE, we consider qualitative and quantitative factors, including, but not limited to, which activities most significantly impact the VIE’s economic performance and which party controls such activities and the significance of our investment and other means of participation in the VIE’s expected profits/losses. Significant judgments related to these determinations include estimates about the current and future fair values and performance of assets held by these VIEs and general market conditions.
We may change our original assessment of a VIE upon subsequent events such as the modification of contractual arrangements that affect the characteristics or adequacy of the entity’s equity investments at risk and the disposition of all or a portion of an interest held by the primary beneficiary. We perform this analysis on an ongoing basis.
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements
For additional information on recently issued accounting pronouncements, refer to Note 2 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies in the accompanying Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Not applicable.
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
See the financial statements included at the end of this Report beginning on page 47.
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None.
Item 9A. Controls and Procedures
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
We maintain disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in reports filed or submitted under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act") is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in SEC rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Vice President - Finance, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
As required by Rules 13a-15(b) and 15d-15(b) of the Exchange Act, an evaluation was conducted under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Vice President - Finance, of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act) as of December 31, 2024. Based on this evaluation, LGL Group's Chief Executive Officer and Vice President - Finance concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures, as of December 31, 2024, were effective.
Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
LGL Group management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) of the Exchange Act. LGL Group's internal control over financial reporting is a process, under the supervision of the Chief Executive Officer and Vice President - Finance, and with the participation of our management designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and preparation of LGL Group's financial statements for external purposes in accordance with U.S. GAAP. Internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of assets of the Company; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the Company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of our management and directors; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of assets of the Company that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
Under the supervision and with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Vice President - Finance, our management conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting based on the framework in Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission ("COSO"). Based on the results of our evaluation, our management has concluded that our internal controls over financial reporting were effective as of December 31, 2024.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
There were no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended December 31, 2024 that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.
Item 9B. Other Information
Insider Trading Arrangements
During the three months ended December 31, 2024, none of the Company's directors or executive officers adopted or terminated a "Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement" or a "non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement", as each term is defined in Item 408(a) of Regulation S-K.
Item 9C. Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections
Not applicable.
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PART III
Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance
The LGL Group, Inc. Board of Directors
Board Overview
Our Board is currently comprised of 7 individuals selected based on numerous criteria such as high professional ethics, relevant management and/or manufacturing experience and a commitment to enhancing stockholder value.
Directors
The following table sets forth information regarding our directors as of December 31, 2024, including their business experience for the past five years (and, in some instances, for prior years) and their specific experience, qualifications, attributes or skills that led to the conclusion that they should serve as directors. All such information has been furnished to us by our directors.
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Director Nominations
In evaluating and determining whether to nominate a candidate for a position on the Board, the Nominating Committee utilizes a variety of methods and considers criteria such as high professional ethics and values, relevant management and/or manufacturing experience and a commitment to enhancing stockholder value. Candidate may be brought to the attention of the Nominating Committee by current Board members, stockholders, officers or other persons. the Nominating Committee will review all candidate in the same manner regardless of the source of the recommendation.
The Company does not have a formal policy with regard to the consideration of diversity in identifying director nominees, but the Nominating Committee strives to nominate director candidates with a variety of complementary skills so that, as a group, the Board will possess the appropriate talent, skills and expertise to oversee the Company's businesses.
The Nominating Committee also considers stockholder recommendations for director nominees that are properly received in accordance with the Company's By-Laws and applicable rules and regulations of the SEC. In order to validly nominate a candidate for election or reelection as a director, stockholders must give timely notice of such nomination in writing to the Corporate secretary and included, as to each person whom the stockholder proposes to nominate, all information relating to such person that is required to be disclosed in solicitations of proxies for election of directors in an election contents, or is otherwise required, in each case pursuant to Regulation 14A under the Exchange Act, and the other results and regulations under the Exchange Act (including such person's written consent to being named in the proxy statement as a nominee and to serving as a director if elected).
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Board Structure and Responsibilities
The Board is currently comprised of four independent directors and three directors who are not independent under the NYSE listing rules. During 2024, there were five meetings of the Board and all of our directors attended at least 75 percent of the total number of meetings of the Board and committees on which he or she served. Although there is no formal policy, all directors are encouraged to attend each annual meeting stockholders. All directors then standing for election attended the 2024 Annual Meeting.
Board Leadership Structure
LGL Group's governing documents provide the Board with flexibility to select the appropriate leadership structure of the Company. The Board does not have a policy about whether the roles of Chairman of the Board and CEO should be separate or combined. Until October 7, 2022, the Chairman of the Board and CEO were separate. Since then, the Chairman of the Board and Co-CEO has been Mr. Gabelli. Mr. Foufas was appointed Co-CEO on August 11, 2023.
Board Committees
The Board currently has 3 standing committees: an Audit Committee, a Compensation Committee, and a Nominating Committee. The Board also has an Investment Committee. Each standing committee has a written charter and all such charters, as well as the Company's By-Laws and Corporate Governance Guidelines, are available on the Company's website, www.lglgroup.com/investor-relations. Each charter is reviewed annually by the respective committee. Under those charters, each committee has the authority to retain independent advisors to assist in the performance of their respective responsibilities.
The tables below reflect the current membership and the number of meetings held in 2024 for each committee. Messrs. Ferrantino, Foufas and Gabelli did not serve on any committee during 2024.
Audit Committee
Members Roles and Responsibilities
Darlene DeRemer • Overseeing the Company's financial policies and activities;
• Oversight of the performance of LGL Group's internal audit function.
The Board has determined that (i) each member of the Audit Committee meets all independence and financial literacy requirements applicable to audit committees under the NYSE listing standards and applicable regulations adopted by the SEC and (ii) Messrs. Aslansan, Francois, and Kalha and Ms. DeRemer are "audit committee financial experts" as that term is defined in the SEC's rules.
Compensation Committee
Members Roles and Responsibilities
• Evaluating the performance of the Co-CEOs;
• Granting equity incentive awards under the 2021 Incentive Plan;
• Making recommendations to the Board regarding the compensation of directors.
Although there were no formal meetings of the Compensation Committee, its members met informally throughout the year, including with management.
The Board has determined that each member of the Compensation Committee meets all independence requirements applicable to compensation committees under the NYSE listing standards.
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Nominating Committee
Members Roles and Responsibilities
The Board has determined that each member of the Nominating Committee meets all independence requirements applicable to nominating committees under the NYSE listing standards.
Investment Committee
Members Roles and Responsibilities
Kaan Aslansan
Darlene DeRemer
Herve Francois
The Board's Role in Risk Oversight
Senior management is responsible for assessing and managing the Company's various exposures to risk on a day-to-day basis, including the creation of appropriate risk management programs and policies. We have developed a consistent, systemic and integrated approach to risk management to help determine how best to identify, manage and mitigate significant risks throughout the Company, which includes our system of internal controls over financial reporting, annual reviews conducted by our directors and officers, monitoring compliance with our Business Conduct Policy and general liability insurance coverage. The Board is responsible for overseeing management in the execution of its responsibilities and for assessing the Company's approach to risk management. The Board exercises these responsibilities periodically as part of its meetings and also through the Board's three principal committees, each of which examines various components of enterprise risk as part of its responsibilities. In addition, an overall review of risk is inherent in the Board's consideration of the Company's long-term strategies and in the transactions and other matters presented to the Board, including capital expenditures, acquisitions and divestitures, and financial matters.
Stockholder Communications
Stockholders may communicate with the Board, including the non-management directors, by sending an e-email to info@lglgroup.com or by sending a letter to the address below:
The LGL Group, Inc.
2525 Shader Road
Orlando, Florida 32804
Attention: Investor Relations
All such correspondence will be submitted to any specific director to whom the correspondence is directed.
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Director Compensation
Non-Employee Director Compensation
Compensation Structure
In December 2023, the Compensation Committee recommended to, and the Board of Directors approved, a revised compensation structure for LGL Group's directors beginning in January 2024.
The following table describes the compensation structure for LGL Group's directors:
($)
Base Annual Retainer
Restricted Stock Awards (2) 15,000
Per Meeting Cash Compensation
Board Meeting (in person) 2,000
Board Meeting (telephonic) 750
Committee Meetings 750
Annual Chairman Cash Retainer (1) 2,500
Annual Committee Chair Cash Retainers (1)
Audit Committee 2,000
Compensation Committee 1,000
Nominating Committee 1,000
(2) Granted on March 25, 2025 with a three-year vesting
The following table sets forth information with respect to compensation earned by or awarded to each non-employee director who served on the Board during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024:
Name Fees Earned or Paid in Cash ($) Stock Awards (1) ($) Total ($)
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Executive Officers
The following table sets forth information regarding our executive officers as of December 31, 2024, including their business experience for the past five years and prior years.
DelinquentSection16(a) Reports
Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act requires our officers and directors, and persons who beneficially own more than 10% of our equity securities registered pursuant to Section 12 of the Exchange Act, to file reports of ownership and changes in ownership with the SEC. Based solely upon a review of the reports filed during 2024 and/or written representations from the reporting persons, we believe that, during our fiscal year ended December 31, 2024, all required Section 16(a) filings were timely and correctly made by reporting persons for 2024.
Hedging or Pledging of Stock
Although we have not adopted any practices or policies prohibiting hedging or pledging, we discourage our directors, executive officers, and employees from entering into hedging or pledging arrangements with respect to the Company's securities.
Insider Trading Policy
We have adopted an insider trading policy that governs the purchase, sale, and/or other dispositions of the Company's common stock or warrants by directors, officers, and employees. We believe our insider trading policies and procedures are reasonably designed to promote compliance with insider trading laws, rules, and regulations as well as the exchange listing standards applicable to us. Our insider trading policies and procedures prohibit our employees, directors, officers, and consultants from trading in our securities while in possession of material non-public information, among other things. Although this insider trading policy does not apply to the Company itself, it is the Company's policy to comply with all applicable securities and state laws when engaging in transactions in its own securities. The foregoing summary of our insider trading policies and procedures does not purport to be complete and is qualified by reference to our Insider Trading Policy, a copy of which can be found in Exhibit 19.1 to this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Corporate Governance Information
We adopted a code of ethics as part of our Business Conduct Policy, which applies to all of our employees, including our principal executive, financial and accounting officers.
LGL Group's By-Laws, Certificate of Incorporation, Corporate Governance Guidelines, the charters for each standing Board committee, and the Business Conduct Policy (and any amendments to and waivers from the code) are available on LGL Group's website at www.lglgroup.com/investor-relations.
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Item 11. Executive Compensation
Compensation Discussion and Analysis
Overview
The Compensation Committee is responsible for the design and administration of the Company’s compensation policy and plans. The plans are designed to successfully implement the Company’s business strategy and create stockholder value. As a matter of policy, the Compensation Committee submits its recommendations to the full Board for approval.
Compensation Philosophy and Objectives
The Company’s compensation program emphasizes performance-based compensation promoting the achievement of short-term and long-term business objectives. This aligns our executives' compensation with stockholder interests, while providing competitive compensation to attract, motivate and retain executives with superior skills and abilities.
Determination of Compensation Awards
The Compensation Committee recommends to the Board the compensation awards for the named executive officers based on (i) Company performance versus annual budgeted financial targets, and (ii) individual performance.
The Compensation Committee conducts an annual review of the Chief Executive Officer’s performance prior to making its recommendation to the Board regarding the Chief Executive Officer’s compensation. Our Chief Executive Officer reviews the performance of our Chief Accounting Officer with the Compensation Committee and makes a recommendation to the Compensation Committee regarding the Chief Accounting Officer’s compensation. During these reviews, the Compensation Committee considers the Company’s performance in the following categories: (i) improvement in the Company’s market value; (ii) the achievement of agreed upon short and long-term objectives; and (iii) predetermined individual goals.
Elements of Compensation
Base Salary
Base salary levels for the Company’s named executive officers are designed to be competitive with those of employees with similar responsibilities working for companies of comparable size, capitalization and complexity. In determining base salaries, the Compensation Committee takes into account a variety of factors, including experience, performance, and benchmarking.
Incentive Compensation
The Company provides annual and long-term incentive compensation to its executives and managers under the Company’s 2021 Incentive Plan, approved by stockholders on December 28, 2021. The 2021 Incentive Plan is designed to provide annual and long-term incentives for executive performance by rewarding participating executives for their contributions to profitability and stockholder value based on achieving short-term Company and individual performance goals for a given year, as well as by aligning a significant portion of compensation with the long-term interests of stockholders. Short-term Company performance goals include revenue growth, EBITDA, earnings per share and return on equity. Long-term Company performance goals include increasing the Company’s total market value. The Compensation Committee may recommend that other corporate performance measures be substituted or added (including but not limited to operating income after tax, return on capital employed and stockholder return) in order to achieve the Company’s business strategy. Individual performance goals for the Chief Executive Officer are established by the Compensation Committee and recommended to the Board for approval, while individual performance goals for our other employees are established by the Chief Executive Officer and reviewed by the Compensation Committee.
The LGL Group, Inc. 401(k) Savings Plan
The LGL Group, Inc. 401(k) Savings Plan (the "401(k) Plan"), which is subject to limitations imposed by the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Code"), permits the Company’s employees to defer a portion of their compensation by making contributions to the 401(k) Plan and thereby obtain certain tax benefits. Participating employees also benefit from the 401(k) Plan by sharing in discretionary contributions made by the Company to the 401(k) Plan based on each employee’s contribution made in a particular year. A participant’s interest in his or her individual contributions, the Company’s contributions and earnings thereon is fully vested at all times. The 401(k) Plan’s proceeds are invested in guaranteed investment contracts or certain mutual funds, subject to the discretion of the participants.
The named executive officers and all other employees of the Company and certain of its subsidiaries are eligible to participate in the 401(k) Plan after having completed three months of service and reached the age of 18.
Other Benefits
The Company makes available to the named executive officers the same medical insurance, life insurance and disability benefits that are generally made available to the Company’s employees to ensure that the Company’s employees have access to basic healthcare and income protection for themselves and their family members.
Employment Agreements
None.
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Executive Compensation Tables
Timothy Foufas has been our principal executive officer ("PEO") since August 2023. Prior to August 2023, Michael J. Ferrantino, Jr. was the PEO. The individuals comprising the Non-PEO Named Executive Officers ("NEOs") for each of the fiscal years ending December 31, 2024 and 2023 are listed below:
Marc Gabelli Marc Gabelli
Patrick Huvane Patrick Huvane
Christopher L. Nossokoff (1) James W. Tivy
Linda Biles
(1) Mr. Nossokoff was appointed principal financial officer on April 16, 2024
Summary Compensation Table
The following table sets forth information with respect to compensation earned by the Named Executive Officers:
Executive Vice President - Business Development 2023 50,000 — — — 50,000
Vice President - Finance
(5) Mr. Nossokoff was appointed an officer of the Company on April 16, 2024.
Outstanding Equity Awards at Fiscal Year-End
The following table sets forth the information with respect to outstanding equity awards held by our Named Executive Officers as of December 31, 2024:
Stock Awards (1)
(1) There are no LGL stock options held by any Named Executive Officers.
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Equity Compensation Plan Information
The following table provides information about our common stock that may be issued upon the exercise of options, warrants and rights under all of our existing equity compensation plans (including individual arrangements) as of December 31, 2024:
Plan Category (a) (b) (c)
Equity compensation plans approved by security holders (1) — $ — 975,188
Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders — — —
Pay versus Performance
This disclosure has been prepared in accordance with Section 953(a) of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act and Item 402(v) of Regulation S-K and does not necessarily reflect how the Compensation Committee evaluates compensation decisions when contemplating Company or individual performance. The Compensation Committee did not consider the pay versus performance disclosure in making its pay decisions for any of the years shown. For further information concerning the Company’s pay-for-performance philosophy and how the Company aligns executive compensation with the Company’s performance, refer to the Compensation Discussion and Analysis section above.
Pay versus Performance Table
The following table sets forth information concerning the compensation of our PEO(s) and NEOs for each of the fiscal years ending December 31, 2024 and 2023:
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Relationship between PEO and Non-PEO Compensation Actually Paid and Net Income
In accordance with SEC rules, the following chart sets forth the relationship between Compensation Actually Paid to our PEO, the average of Compensation Actually Paid to our Non-PEO NEOs, and the Company's Net Income during the two most recently completed fiscal years.
Relationship Between PEO and Non-PEO NEO Compensation Actually Paidand Total Shareholder Return
In accordance with SEC rules, the following chart sets forth the relationship between Compensation Actually Paid to our PEO, the average of Compensation Actually Paid to our Non-PEO NEOs, and the Company's cumulative TSR during the two most recently completed fiscal years.
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The following table sets forth information regarding the number of shares of our common stock beneficially owned on March 14, 2025, by:
• Each of our directors, nominees and named executive officers; and
• All of our directors and executive officers, as a group.
The amounts and percentages of common stock beneficially owned are reported on the basis of regulations of the SEC governing the determination of beneficial ownership of securities. Under the rules of the SEC, a person is deemed to be a "beneficial owner" of a security if that person has or shares voting power, which includes the power to vote or direct the voting of a security, or investment power, which includes the power to dispose of or to direct the disposition of a security. A person is also deemed to be a beneficial owner of any securities of which that person has a right to acquire beneficial ownership within 60 days. Under these rules, more than one person may be deemed a beneficial owner of the same securities and a person may be deemed to be a beneficial owner of securities as to which such person has no economic interest. Except as otherwise indicated in the footnotes below, each of the beneficial owners listed has, to our knowledge, sole voting and investment power with respect to the indicated shares of common stock.
Except as otherwise set forth below, the address of each of the persons listed below is: The LGL Group, Inc., 2525 Shader Road, Orlando, Florida 32804.
Common Stock Beneficially Owned (1)
Name and Address of Beneficial Owner Shares %
5% Stockholders:
Directors and Named Executive Officers:
Michael J. Ferrantino, Jr. 29,595 *
Kaan Aslansan 2,874 *
Herve Francois 2,874 *
Darlene DeRemer 2,874 *
Patrick Huvane — *
Christopher L. Nossokoff — *
All executive officers and directors as a group (10 persons) 963,835 18.0
* Less than 1% of outstanding shares.
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Transactions with Related Persons, Promoters and Certain Control Persons
All transactions between us and any of our officers, directors, director nominees, principal stockholders or their immediate family members are to be approved by the Audit Committee and are to be on terms no less favorable to us than we could obtain from unaffiliated third parties. Such policy and procedures are set forth in a resolution of the Board.
Investment Activity with GAMCO Investors, Inc.
Certain cash equivalents and marketable securities held and invested in various mutual funds are managed or advised by GAMCO Investors, Inc. or one of its subsidiaries (collectively, "GAMCO" or the "Fund Manager"), which is related to the Company through certain of our stockholders. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the balance with the Fund Manager totaled $34,242 and $32,568, respectively. For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, fund management fees earned by the Fund Manager are anticipated to be approximately 8 and 17 bps, respectively, of the asset balances under management on an annual basis. The brokerage and fund transactions in 2024 and 2023 were directed solely at the discretion of management, in consultation with the Investment Committee concerning investments with related parties.
All transactions between us and any of our officers, directors, director nominees, principal stockholders or their immediate family members are to be approved by the Audit Committee and are to be on terms no less favorable to us than we could obtain from unaffiliated third parties. Such policy and procedures are set forth in a resolution of the Board.
Transactions with M-tron Industries, Inc.
Transitional Administrative and Management Services Agreement
LGL Group and MtronPTI entered into an Amended and Restated Transitional Administrative and Management Services Agreement ("MtronPTI TSA"), which sets out the terms for services to be provided between the two companies post-separation. The current terms result in a net monthly payment of $4 per month to MtronPTI.
Tax Indemnity and Sharing Agreement
LGL Group and MtronPTI entered into a Tax Indemnity and Sharing Agreement ("MtronPTI Tax Agreement"), which sets out the terms for which party would be responsible for taxes imposed on the Company if the Distribution, together with certain related transactions, were to fail to qualify as a tax-free transaction under Internal Revenue Code ("IRC") Sections 355 and 368(a)(1)(D) if such failure were the result of actions taken after the Distribution by the Company or MtronPTI.
Other Transactions
LGL Group and MtronPTI agreed to share salaries and benefits related to certain employees incurred by the Company. For the year ended
December 31, 2024, MtronPTI reimbursed the Company
$105 of the salaries and benefits of certain employees, which represents 50% of those costs and were recorded as a reduction to Engineering, selling and administrative on the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
For the years ended
December 31, 2024 and 2023, MtronPTI agreed to reimburse the Company $0 and $28, respectively, of excess Separation Costs, which were recorded as a reduction to Separation Costs and are included within Income from discontinued operations, net of tax on the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Director Independence
Pursuant to New York Stock Exchange ("NYSE") rules, in order for a director to qualify as "independent", the Board of Directors must affirmatively determine that the director has no material relationship with the Company that would impact the director's independence. Additionally, NYSE rules require that a majority of the members of a listed company's board of directors must qualify as "independent."
The Board has determined that Messrs. Kalha, Aslansan, and Francois and Ms. DeRemer, comprising a majority of the members of the Board, are independent within the meaning of NYSE rules.
Messrs. Foufas and Gabelli were not independent pursuant to NYSE American rules because they were employed by the Company during fiscal year 2024. Mr. Ferrantino was not independent pursuant to NYSE American rules because he was employed by the Company during fiscal year 2023 and cannot be independent until 2026.
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Item 14. Principal Accountant Fees and Services
Fees Billed During 2024 and 2023
The following tables provide information about fees billed by PKF O'Connor Davies, LLP and RSM US LLP during 2024 and 2023:
Audit Fees (1) Audit-Related Fees (2) Tax Fees All Other Fees Total
Audit Fees (1) Audit-Related Fees (2) Tax Fees All Other Fees Total
PKF O'Connor Davies, LLP $ 86,750 $ — $ — $ — $ 86,750
Pre-Approval Policies and Procedures
The Audit Committee policy and procedures for the pre-approval of audit and non-audit services rendered by our independent registered public accounting firm are reflected in the Audit Committee Charter. The Audit Committee Charter provides that the Audit Committee shall pre-approve all audit and non-audit services provided by the independent registered public accounting firm and shall not engage the independent registered public accounting firm to perform the specific non-audit services proscribed by law or regulation. The Audit Committee may delegate pre-approval authority to a member of the Audit Committee. The decisions of any Audit Committee member to whom pre-approval authority is delegated must be presented to the full Audit Committee at its next scheduled meeting.
If any services other than audit services are rendered by our independent registered public accounting firm, the Audit Committee determines whether such services are compatible with maintaining our independent registered public accounting firm's independence.
All services performed by our independent registered public accounting firm were pre-approved by the Audit Committee.
Change of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
As previously reported on the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, dated May 2, 2023, on April 26, 2023, the Audit Committee dismissed RSM US LLP as the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm, effective immediately in anticipation of the appointment of PKF O'Connor Davies, LLP as the Company’s new independent registered public accounting firm. The decision to change the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm from RSM US LLP to PKF O'Connor Davies, LLP was unanimously approved by the Audit Committee. PKF O'Connor Davies, LLP was appointed as the Company’s new independent registered public accounting firm effective as of April 26, 2023.
The reports of RSM US LLP on the consolidated financial statements of the Company for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021 did not contain an adverse opinion or a disclaimer of opinion and were not qualified or modified as to uncertainty, audit scope or accounting principles.
During the fiscal years ended December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, there were no "disagreements" (as defined in Item 304(a)(1)(iv) of Regulation S-K and the related instructions) between the Company and RSM US LLP on any matter of accounting principles or practices, financial statement disclosure or auditing scope or procedure, which disagreements, if not resolved to RSM US LLP’s satisfaction, would have caused RSM US LLP to make reference to the subject matter of the disagreements in its reports on the consolidated financial statements for such years. During the fiscal years ended December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021 and the subsequent interim period through April 26, 2023, there were no reportable events of the type described in Item 304(a)(1)(v) of Regulation S-K.
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PART IV
Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules
(a) List of documents filed as part of this report:
1. Financial Statements:
Page
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (PCAOB ID: 127) 48
Consolidated Statements of Operations: Years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 50
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows: Years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 52
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 53
2. Financial Statement Schedules:
None.
3. Exhibit Index
The following is a list of exhibits filed as part of this Form 10-K:
Incorporated by Reference