ITEM 1A. Risk Factors
Not applicable, as Fifth District Bancorp is a “smaller reporting company.”
ITEM 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments
None.
ITEM 1C. Cybersecurity
Risk Management and Strategy.Our risk management program is designed to identify, assess, and mitigate risks across various aspects of the Company, including financial, operational, regulatory, reputational, and legal. Cybersecurity is a critical component of this program, given the increasing reliance on technology and potential of cyber threats.Our Information Security Officer (ISO) and virtual Chief Information Officer (CIO) is primarily responsible for this cybersecurity component and is a key member of the risk management organization, reporting directly to the President and Chief Executive Officer, as discussed below, periodically to our board of directors.
Our objective for managing cybersecurity risk is to avoid or minimize the impacts of external threat events or other efforts to penetrate, disrupt or misuse our system or information. The structure of our information security program is designed around the National Institute of Standards and Technology (“NIST”) Cybersecurity Framework, regulatory guidance, and other industry standards. In addition, we leverage certain industry and government associations, third-party benchmarking, audits, and threat intelligence fees to facilitate and promote program effectiveness.Our Computer Systems Operations Manager and Information Security Officer, who report directly to our board of directors, regularly collaborate with peer banks and industry groups to discuss cybersecurity trends and issues and identify best practices. The information security program is reviewed by such personnel with the goal of addressing changing threats and conditions.
We employ an in-depth, layered, defensive strategy that embraces a “trust by design” philosophy when designing new products, services, and technology. We leverage people, processes, and technology as part of our efforts to manage and maintain cybersecurity controls. We also employ a variety of preventative and detective tools designed to monitor, block, and provide alerts regarding suspicious activity, as well as to report on suspected advanced persistent threats. We have established processes and systems designed to mitigate cyber risk, including regular and on-going education and training for employees, preparedness simulations and tabletop exercises, and recovery and reliance tests. We engage in regular assessments of our infrastructure, software systems, and network architecture, using third-party cybersecurity experts.We also maintain a third-party risk management program designed to identify, assess, and manage risks, including cybersecurity risks, associated with external service providers and our supply chain. We also actively monitor our email gateways for malicious phishing email campaigns and monitor remote connections. We leverage external auditors and independent external partners to periodically review our processes, systems, and controls,
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including with respect to our information security program, to assess their design and operating effectiveness and make recommendations to strengthen our risk management program.
We maintain an Incident Response Plan that provides a documented framework for responding to actual or potential cybersecurity incidents, including timely notification of and escalation to the appropriate Board-approved management committees, as discussed further below, and to the board of directors. The Incident Response Plan is coordinated through the Computer Systems Operations Manager and key members of management are embedded into the Plan by its design. The Incident Response Plan facilitates coordination across multiple parts of our organization and is evaluated at least annually.
Notwithstanding our defensive measures and processes, the threat posed by cyber-attacks is severe. Our internal systems, processes, and controls are designed to mitigate loss from cyber-attacks and, while we have experienced cybersecurity incidents in the past, risks from cybersecurity threats have not materially affected our company.
Governance. Our Computer Systems Operations Manager is accountable for managing our enterprise information security function and delivering our information security program. The responsibilities of this position include cybersecurity risk assessment, defense operations, incident response, vulnerability assessment, threat intelligence, identity access governance, third-party risk management, and business resilience. The foregoing responsibilities are covered on a day-to-day basis by a first line of defense function, and our second line of defense function, including the Information Security Officer, provides guidance, oversight, monitoring and challenge of the first line’s activities. The second line of defense function is separated from the first line of defense function through organizational structure and ultimately reports directly to the board of directors. The function, as a whole, consists of information security professionals with varying degrees of education and experience. Individuals responsible, including third-party vendors, are generally subject to professional education and certification requirements.
Our board of directors has approved management committees including the Information Technology Steering Committee, which focuses on technology impact, and its business impact. This committee provides oversight and governance of the technology program and the information security program. This committee includes the Information Security Officer (Senior VP of Operations), the Computer Systems Operation Manager, the virtual Chief Information Officer and other members of senior management. This committee generally meets quarterly to provide oversight of the risk management strategy, standards, policies, practices, controls, and mitigation and prevention efforts employed to manage security risks. More frequent meetings occur from time to time in accordance with the Incident Response Plan in order to facilitate timely informing and monitoring efforts. The Computer Systems Operations Manager and Virtual Chief Information Officer reports summaries of key issues, including significant cybersecurity and/or privacy incidents, discussed at committee meetings and the actions taken to the board of directors on an annual basis (or more frequently as may be required by the Incident Response Plan).
The board of directors is responsible for overseeing our information security and technology programs, including management’s actions to identify, assess, mitigate, and remediate or prevent material cybersecurity issues and risks. The board of directors reviews and approves our information security and technology budgets and strategies annually.
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ITEM 2. Properties
At December 31, 2024, the net book value of our properties (including land, buildings and improvements, and furniture and fixtures) was $11.9 million. The following table sets forth information regarding our offices at December 31, 2024.
Leased or Approximate
Location Owned Year Acquired Square Footage
Main Office:
4000 General DeGaulle Drive
New Orleans, LA 70114
Branch Offices:
850 Avenue D
2476 Barataria Boulevard
Marrero, LA 70072
1317 Westbank Expressway
Westwego, LA 70094
4526 W. Esplanade Avenue
Metairie, LA 70006
Covington, LA 70433
St. Tammany Parish Owned 2018 4,000
425 Harrison Avenue, Suite 1100
New Orleans, LA 70124
Each location has an ATM and a drive-thru facility. We believe that our current facilities are adequate to meet our present and foreseeable needs. We currently do not have any current plans or understandings to expand our office network.
ITEM 3. Legal Proceedings
We are not involved in any pending legal proceedings other than routine legal proceedings occurring in the ordinary course of business. At December 31, 2024, we were not involved in any legal proceedings, the outcome of which we believe would be material to our consolidated financial condition or results of operations.
ITEM 4. Mine Safety Disclosures
Not applicable.
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PART II
ITEM 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
Fifth District Bancorp’s common stock is listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “FDSB.” As of December 31, 2024, we had 383 stockholders of record (excluding persons or entities holding stock in street name through various brokerage firms), and 5,559,473 shares of common stock outstanding.
To date, Fifth District Bancorp has not paid any cash dividends to our stockholders. The payment and amount of any dividend payments is subject to statutory and regulatory limitations, and depends upon a number of factors, including the following: regulatory capital requirements; our financial condition and results of operations; tax considerations; and general economic conditions.
There were no sales of unregistered equity securities during the quarter ended December 31, 2024.
The Company did not repurchase any shares of its common stock during the quarter ended December 31, 2024.
ITEM 6. Reserved
ITEM 7.Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
This discussion and analysis reflects our consolidated financial statements and other relevant statistical data, and is intended to enhance your understanding of our financial condition and results of operations. The information in this section has been derived from the consolidated financial statements, which appear elsewhere in this annual report. You should read the information in this section in conjunction with the other business and financial information provided in this annual report.
Overview
Our loan portfolio consists primarily of fixed-rate one- to four-family residential mortgage loans that we have originated. To a substantially lesser extent, we also originate construction loans, home equity loans, home equity lines of credit, land loans, and share loans (loans secured by deposit accounts at Fifth District). With regard to commercial lending, the bank is originating loans, purchasing loan participations, and purchasing whole loans through third party originators. We typically retain in our portfolio the loans we originate. We offer a variety of deposit accounts including checking accounts, money market accounts, and certificates of deposit.
Our results of operations depend primarily on our net interest income. Net interest income is the difference between the interest income we earn on our interest-earning assets and the interest we pay on our interest-bearing liabilities. Our results of operations also are affected by our provisions for credit losses, non-interest income and non-interest expense. Non-interest income currently consists primarily of service charges on deposit accounts, other service charges and fees, income from bank owned life insurance, and fees from third parties for loan referrals. Non-interest expense currently consists primarily of expenses related to salaries and employee benefits, occupancy and equipment, data processing, contract services, director fees, FDIC deposit insurance premiums, and other expenses.
Our results of operations also may be affected significantly by general and local economic and competitive conditions, changes in market interest rates, governmental policies and actions of regulatory authorities.
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Business Strategy
Our principal objective is to build long-term value for our stockholders by operating a profitable community-oriented financial institution dedicated to meeting the banking needs of our customers by emphasizing personalized and efficient customer service. Highlights of our current business strategy include:
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Critical Accounting Policies and Use of Critical Accounting Estimates
The discussion and analysis of the financial condition and results of operations are based on our consolidated financial statements, which are prepared in conformity with GAAP. The preparation of these financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions affecting the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities, and the reported amounts of income and expenses. We consider the accounting policies discussed below to be critical accounting policies. The estimates and assumptions that we use are based on historical experience and various other factors and are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions, resulting in a change that could have a material impact on the carrying value of our assets and liabilities and our results of operations.
The JOBS Act contains provisions that, among other things, reduce certain reporting requirements for qualifying public companies. As an “emerging growth company” we may delay adoption of new or revised accounting pronouncements applicable to public companies until such pronouncements are made applicable to private companies. We intend to take advantage of the benefits of this extended transition period. Accordingly, our consolidated financial statements may not be comparable to companies that comply with such new or revised accounting standards.
We consider the accounting policy for the allowance for credit losses to be our critical accounting policy. Effective January 1, 2023, we adopted CECL. Under the CECL methodology, the allowance for credit losses represents management’s estimate of lifetime credit losses in loans as of the balance sheet date using relevant available information, from both internal and external sources, relating to past events, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts.
Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are computed using the asset and liability method, which recognizes a liability or asset representing the tax effects, based on current tax law, of future deductible or taxable amounts attributable to events recognized in the financial statements. A valuation allowance may be established to the extent necessary to reduce the deferred tax asset to a level at which it is “more likely than not” that the tax asset or benefit will be realized. Realization of tax benefits depends on having sufficient taxable income, available tax loss carrybacks or credits, the reversal of taxable temporary differences and/or tax planning strategies within the reversal period, and that current tax law allows for the realization of recorded tax benefits.
Certain assets and liabilities are measured at fair value on a recurring basis, including securities and derivative instruments. Assets and liabilities carried at fair value inherently include subjectivity and may require the use of significant assumptions, adjustments and judgment including, among others, discount rates, rates of return on assets, cash flows, default rates, loss rates, terminal values and liquidation values. A significant change in assumptions may result in a significant change in fair value, which in turn, may result in a higher degree of financial statement volatility and could result in significant impact on our results of operations, financial condition or disclosures of fair value information.
The fair value hierarchy requires use of observable inputs first and subsequently unobservable inputs when observable inputs are not available. Fair value measurements involve inputs that are observable (Level 1 or Level 2 in fair value hierarchy), when available. The level of judgment required to determine fair value is dependent on the methods or techniques used in the process. Assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value using quoted prices in active markets (Level 1) do not require significant judgment while the valuation of assets and liabilities when quoted market prices are not available (Levels 2 and 3) may require significant judgment to assess whether observable or unobservable inputs for those assets and liabilities provide reasonable determination of fair value.
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Selected Financial Data
The following selected financial data sets forth certain financial highlights of the Company and should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
At December 31,
(In thousands)
Selected Financial Condition Data:
Investment securities available-for-sale 92,987 67,901
Federal Home Loan Bank advances — 4,000
For the Years Ended December 31,
(In thousands)
Selected Operating Data:
Total interest and dividend income $ 19,277 $ 16,414
Recovery of credit loan losses (1,210) (325)
Net interest income after recovery of credit losses 11,266 10,374
Total non-interest income 11 973
Earnings (loss) before income taxes (1,436) 946
Provision (benefit) for income taxes (358) 149
Net income (loss) $ (1,078) $ 797
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At or For the Years Ended December 31,
Performance Ratios:
Return on average assets (0.21) % 0.17 %
Return on average equity (0.98) 1.05
Interest rate spread (1) 1.68 2.05
Net interest margin (2) 2.13 2.25
Noninterest expense as a percentage of average assets 2.52 2.18
Capital Ratios (Bank only):
Average equity as a percentage of average assets 21.75 % 15.92 %
Total capital as a percentage of risk-weighted assets 43.89 35.33
Tier 1 capital as a percentage of risk-weighted assets 43.22 34.15
Tier 1 capital as a percentage of average assets 21.94 17.41
Asset Quality Ratios:
Non-accrual loans as a percentage of total loans 0.29 0.04
Non-performing loans as a percentage of total loans 0.29 0.30
Non-performing loans as a percentage of total assets 0.20 0.23
Total non-performing assets as a percentage of total assets 0.21 0.24
Other Data:
Number of offices 7 7
Number of full-time employees 67 64
Number of part-time employees 1 1
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Comparison of Financial Condition at December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023
Total Assets. Total assets were $527.3 million at December 31, 2024, an increase of $46.5 million, or 9.7%, compared to $480.8 million at December 31, 2023. This increase is primarily due to $18.6 million increase in cash and cash equivalents, $25.1 million increase in investment securities available-for-sale, and $2.3 million increase in loans receivable, net.
Cash and Cash Equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents increased by $18.6 million, or 96.4%, to $37.9 million at December 31, 2024 from $19.3 million at December 31, 2023. This increase resulted primarily from the cash received for subscriptions to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock in its initial public offering. The net proceeds of the public offering are reflected in stockholders’ equity at December 31, 2024.
Investment Securities Available-For-Sale. Investment securities available-for-sale increased $25.1 million, or 36.9%, to $93.0 million at December 31, 2024 from $67.9 million at December 31, 2023. Securities purchased totaled $54.4 million, securities sold totaled $18.7 million, and calls, maturities, and repayments totaled $9.4 million.
Loans Receivable, Net. Loans receivable, net, increased by $2.3 million, or 0.6%, to $367.3 million at December 31, 2024 from $365.0 million at December 31, 2023. Loan originations were $38.9 million and loan repayments totaled $37.7 million. Commercial and industrial loans increased by $2.0 million, primarily from the purchase of the guaranteed portion of government loans, and Bankers Healthcare loans. 1-4 single family mortgages decreased by $4.4 million, home equity loans decreased by $598,000, construction loans increased by $1.5 million, and we reversed $1.1 million from our allowance for credit losses.
Deposits. Deposits decreased by $1.5 million, or 0.4%, to $391.5 million at December 31, 2024, from $390.0 million at December 31, 2023. Certificates of deposit increased $10.7 million, or 4.7%, to $238.8 million at December 31, 2024, from $228.1 million at December 31, 2023. The majority of the increase in certificates of deposit was driven by new customer activity and migration from lower yielding money markets and savings accounts. NOW accounts increased $3.1 million, or 6.1%, to $53.9 million at December 31, 2024, from $50.8 million at December 31, 2023. MMDA accounts decreased $3.7 million, or 14.0%, to $22.7 million at December 31, 2024, from $26.4 million at December 31, 2023. Savings Accounts decreased $8.6 million, or 10.1%, to $76.0 million at December 31, 2024, from $84.6 million at December 31, 2023.
Total Stockholders’ Equity. Total stockholders’ equity increased by $48.0 million, or 61.7%, to $125.8 million at December 31, 2024, from $77.8 million at December 31, 2023. The increase primarily resulted from the sale of stock in the initial public offering that totaled $53.2 million, offset by the unearned ESOP shares of $4.2 million, the accumulated other comprehensive loss (as a result of market value adjustment of investment securities available-for-sale due to the rise in market interest rates during the period) declining $62,000 and retained earnings decreasing $1.1 million due to the net loss for the period ended December 31, 2024.
Average Balances and Yields
The following table sets forth average balance sheets, average yields and rates, and other information for the periods indicated. No tax-equivalent yield adjustments have been made, as the effects are immaterial. Average balances are calculated using daily average balances. Non-accrual loans are included in average balances only. Average yields include the effect of deferred fees, discounts, and premiums that are amortized or accreted to interest income or interest expense. Net deferred loan fees/costs are immaterial.
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For the Years Ended December 31,
Average Average
Outstanding Average Outstanding Average
Balance Interest Yield/Rate Balance Interest Yield/Rate
(Dollars in thousands)
Interest-earning assets:
Noninterest-earning assets 32,576 — — 31,413 — —
Interest-bearing liabilities:
Noninterest-bearing demand deposits 1,168 — — 1,364 — —
Other noninterest-bearing liabilities 10,110 — — 8,962 — —
Total stockholders' equity 109,767 — — 76,016 — —
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity $ 504,768 — — 477,369 — —
Net interest income — $ 10,056 — — $ 10,049 —
Net interest rate spread (1) — — 1.68 % — — 2.05 %
Net interest-earning assets (2) $ 88,469 — — $ 54,929 — —
Net interest margin (3) — — 2.13 % — — 2.25 %
Rate/Volume Analysis
The following table presents the effects of changing rates and volumes on our net interest income for the periods indicated. The rate column shows the effects attributable to changes in rate (changes in rate multiplied by prior volume). The volume column shows the effects attributable to changes in volume (changes in volume multiplied by prior rate). The total column represents the sum of the prior columns. For purposes of this table, changes attributable to both rate and volume, which cannot be segregated, have been allocated proportionately based on the changes due to rate and the changes due to volume. There were no out-of-period items or adjustments required to be excluded from the table below.
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Increase (Decrease) Due to: Total Increase
Volume Rate (Decrease)
(In thousands)
Interest-earning assets:
Cash and cash equivalents $ 550 $ 290 $ 840
Investment securities available-for-sale 250 640 890
Restricted stock — 4 4
Interest-bearing liabilities:
Savings accounts (4) (10) (14)
NOW accounts (1) 1 —
Money market accounts (19) (43) (62)
Federal Home Loan Bank advances (87) — (87)
Total interest-bearing liabilities 515 5,204 5,719
Change in net interest income $ 386 $ (3,242) $ (2,856)
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Comparison of Operating Results for the Years Ended December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023
General. Net income (loss) for the year ended December 31, 2024, was ($1.1) million, a decrease of $1.9 million, or 235.3%, compared to $797,000 for the year ended December 31, 2023. The net loss was primarily from an increase in non-interest expense of $2.3 million resulting from a $1.3 million charitable contribution to fund the Fifth District Community Foundation Inc., which was established in connection with the initial public offering, and increase in interest expense of $2.9 million, a decrease in non-interest income of $962,000, partially offset by an increase in interest income of $2.9 million, and a $507,000 decrease in provision for income taxes.
Interest Income. Interest and dividend income increased by $2.9 million, or 17.4%, to $19.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2024, compared to $16.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2023. The increase is attributed to a $1.1 million, or 8.0%, increase in interest on loans, a $845,000, or 139.7%, increase in interest on other interest-earning assets and $889,000, or 52.8%, increase in interest on investment securities available-for-sale.
During the year ended December 31, 2024, average loans receivable, net, increased by $2.6 million, or 0.7%, from year ended December 31, 2023. The average yield on loans increased to 4.16% for the year ended December 31, 2024, from 3.88% for the year ended December 31, 2023, due to the rising market interest rate environment.
The average balance of investment securities available-for-sale increased $9.8 million, or 14.8%, to $76.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2024, from $66.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2023. The average yield on available-for-sale investment securities increased to 3.38% for the year ended December 31, 2024, from 2.54% for the year ended December 31, 2023. The increase in the average yield on available-for-sale investment securities was primarily due to the rising market interest rate environment as well as selling $18.7 million in securities available-for-sale, for a loss of $1.1 million, and redeploying the funds into higher yielding securities.
Interest income on cash and cash equivalents, comprised primarily of overnight deposits, increased by $840,000, or 145.3%, for the year ended December 31, 2024, due to an increase in the average yield to 5.02% for the year ended December 31, 2024, from 3.99% for the year ended December 31, 2023. The increase in interest income was mainly due to the increase in the balance of cash and cash equivalents arising from the cash received for the purchase of stock in the IPO. The increase in average yield was due to the rise in market interest rates.
Interest Expense. Total interest expense increased $2.9 million or 44.9%, to $9.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2024, compared $6.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2023. The increase was primarily due to the increase in the average cost of deposits to 2.40% for the year ended December 31, 2024, from 1.61% for the year ended December 31, 2023, reflecting the rising market interest rate environment. The average balance of interest-bearing deposits increased by $5.5 million, or 1.4%, to $383.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2024, from $389.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2023.
Net Interest Income. Net interest income increased $7,000, or 0.06%, to $10.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2024, compared to $10.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2023. The interest rate spread decreased to 1.68% for the year ended December 31, 2024 from 2.05% for the year ended December 31, 2023, while average net interest-earning assets increased $33.5 million period-to-period. The net interest margin decreased to 2.13% for the year ended December 31, 2024, from 2.25% for the year ended December 31, 2023. The average yield on interest-earning assets increased from 3.68% for the year ended December 31, 2023, to 4.08% for the year ended December 31, 2024. The average rate paid on interest-bearing liabilities increased from 1.63% for the year ended December 31, 2023, to 2.40% for the year ended December 31, 2024, primarily due to an increase in the average rate paid on certificates of deposit from 2.60% in 2023 to 3.82% in 2024. The increase in the average rate paid on certificates of deposit contributed to migration from lower yielding savings accounts and money market accounts, to higher yielding certificates of deposit. The average balance of certificates of deposit increased from $229.8 million as of December 31, 2023, to $235.9 million as December 31, 2024, while over the same period the average balance of savings accounts decreased from $84.3 million to $80.7 million, and the average balance of money market accounts decreased from $26.3 million to $23.6 million.
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Provision for Credit Losses. The provision for credit losses was a net benefit of $1.2 million in 2024 and a net benefit of $325,000 in 2023. The allowance for credit losses on loans represented 0.46% of total loans at December 31, 2024, and 0.76% of total loans at December 31, 2023. The increase in net benefit is based on our evaluation of the adequacy of the allowance for credit losses throughout the reporting period.
The recovery of credit losses on unfunded commitments was $110,000 for the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to a $125,000 provision on unfunded commitments for the year ended December 31, 2023. The recovery of credit losses on unfunded commitments is based on an evaluation of the historical usage rate.
Total non-performing loans were $1.1 million at December 31, 2024, and December 31, 2023. Classified loans totaled $1.1 million at December 31, 2024, compared to $153,000 at December 31, 2023, and total past due greater than 30 days were $5.4 million and $5.3 million at those respective dates. As a percentage of nonperforming loans, the allowance for credit losses on loans was 158.0% at December 31, 2024, 254.0% at December 31, 2023.
.Noninterest Income. Non-interest income decreased $962,000, or 98.9% to $11,000 for the year ended December 31, 2024, compared to $973,000 for the year ended December 31, 2023. The decrease was primarily due to the $1.1 million realized loss on the sale of investment securities available-for-sale and a $8,000, or 2.0% decrease in ATM and check card fees, offset by a $13,000, or 6.4% increase in deposit service charges and fees, a $41,000, or 13.1% increase in the cash surrender value of the bank owned life insurance, and a $141,000 gain on sale of property.
Noninterest Expense.. Noninterest expense increased $2.3 million, or 22.2%, to $12.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2024, compared to $10.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2023. The increase was primarily due to an increase in salaries and employee benefits of $761,000, or 12.8%, an increase in occupancy and equipment expense of $159,000, or 9.6%, an increase in professional and legal fees of $46,000, or 31.1%, an increase in data processing expense of $111,000, or 10.4%, an increase in audit and examination fees of $158,000, or 108.2%, and an increase in charitable contributions of $1.2 million, or 2,879.1% from establishing the Fifth District Community Foundation Inc., partially offset by a $99,000, or 26.3% decrease in directors fees, and a $127,000, or 49.2% decrease in advertising
Provision (benefit) for Income Taxes. The provision (benefit) for income taxes decreased by $507,000, or 347.0%, to ($358,000) for the year ended December 31, 2024, compared to $149,000 for the year ended December 31, 2023. The decrease was due to a $2.4 million, or 251.8%, decrease in pretax income. The effective tax rate was 21% for both years.
Management of Market Risk
General. Our most significant form of market risk is interest rate risk because, as a financial institution, the majority of our assets and liabilities are sensitive to changes in interest rates. Therefore, a principal part of our operations is to manage interest rate risk and limit the exposure of our financial condition and results of operations to changes in market interest rates. All directors participate in discussions during the regular board meetings evaluating the interest rate risk inherent in our assets and liabilities, and the level of risk that is appropriate. These discussions take into consideration our business strategy, operating environment, capital, liquidity and performance objectives consistent with the policy and guidelines approved by them. The board of directors establishes policies and guidelines for managing interest rate risk.
Our asset/liability management strategy attempts to manage the impact of changes in interest rates on net interest income, our primary source of earnings. Among the techniques we are using to manage interest rate risk are:
● maintaining a high liquidity level;
● growing our core deposit accounts; and
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By following these strategies, we believe that we are better positioned to react to increases and decreases in market interest rates.
We have not engaged in hedging activities, such as investing in futures or options. We do not anticipate entering into similar transactions in the future.
Economic Value of Equity. We compute amounts by which the net present value of our assets and liabilities (economic value of equity or “EVE”) would change in the event of a range of assumed changes in market interest rates. This model uses a discounted cash flow analysis and an option-based pricing approach to measure the interest rate sensitivity of net portfolio value. The model estimates the economic value of each type of asset, liability and off-balance sheet contract under the assumptions that the United States Treasury yield curve increases instantaneously by 100, 200, 300 and 400 basis point increments or decreases instantaneously by 100, 200, 300 and 400 basis point increments, with changes in interest rates representing immediate and permanent, parallel shifts in the yield curve.
The following table sets forth, as of December 31, 2024, the calculation of the estimated changes in our EVE that would result from the designated immediate changes in the United States Treasury yield curve. All estimated changes presented in the table are within the policy limits established by the board of directors.
EVE as a Percentage of Present Value
of Assets (3)
Estimated Increase (Decrease) in Increase
EVE (Decrease)
(Dollars in thousands)
(1) Assumes an immediate uniform change in interest rates at all maturities.
(4) EVE Ratio represents EVE divided by the present value of assets.
The table above indicates that at December 31, 2024, we would experience 28.02% decrease in EVE in the event of an instantaneous parallel 200 basis point increase in market interest rates and a 22.70% increase in EVE in the event of an instantaneous 200 basis point decrease in interest rates.
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Change in Net Interest Income. The following table sets forth, at December 31, 2024, the calculation of the estimated changes in our net interest income that would result from the designated immediate changes in the United States Treasury yield curve. All estimated changes presented in the table are within the policy limits established by the board of directors.
Change in Interest Rates Net Interest Income Year 1
(basis points) (1) Forecast Year 1 Change from Level
(Dollars in thousands)
(1) Assumes an immediate uniform change in interest rates at all maturities.
The table above indicates that at December 31, 2024, we would have experienced a 13.56% decrease in net interest income in the event of an instantaneous parallel 200 basis point increase in market interest rates and a 2.18% increase in net interest income in the event of an instantaneous 200 basis point decrease in market interest rates.
Certain shortcomings are inherent in the methodologies used in the above interest rate risk measurement. Modeling changes in EVE and NII require making certain assumptions that may or may not reflect the manner in which actual yields and costs respond to changes in market interest rates. For instance, the EVE and NII tables presented above assume that the composition of our interest-sensitive assets and liabilities existing at the beginning of a period remains constant over the period being measured and assumes that a particular change in interest rates is reflected uniformly across the yield curve regardless of the duration or repricing of specific assets and liabilities. However, the shape of the yield curve changes constantly and the value and pricing of our assets and liabilities, including our deposits, may not closely correlate with changes in market interest rates. Accordingly, although the EVE and NII tables may provide an indication of our interest rate risk exposure at a particular point in time and in the context of a particular yield curve, such measurements are not intended to and do not provide a precise forecast of the effect of changes in market interest rates on EVE and NII and will differ from actual results.
EVE and net interest NII calculations also may not reflect the fair values of financial instruments. For example, decreases in market interest rates can increase the fair values of our loans, deposits and borrowings.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Liquidity describes our ability to meet the financial obligations that arise in the ordinary course of business. Liquidity is primarily needed to meet the borrowing and deposit withdrawal requirements of our customers and to fund current and planned expenditures. Our primary sources of funds are deposits, principal and interest payments on loans and securities, and proceeds from maturities of securities. We also have the ability to borrow from the Federal Home Loan Bank of Dallas and from two correspondent banks and, until March 11, 2024, had the ability to obtain advances under the Federal Reserve Board’s Bank Term Funding Program. Under the terms of the Bank Term Funding Program, advances cannot be obtained after March 11, 2024. At December 31, 2024, we had $-0- of outstanding advances under the Bank Term Funding Program. At December 31, 2024, we had $-0- of outstanding advances from the Federal Home Loan Bank of Dallas.
While maturities and scheduled amortization of loans and securities are predictable sources of funds, deposit flows and loan prepayments are greatly influenced by general interest rates, economic conditions, and competition. Our
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most liquid assets are cash and short-term investments. The levels of these assets depend on our operating, financing, lending, and investing activities during any given period.
Our cash flows are comprised of three primary classifications: cash flows from operating activities, cash flows from investing activities, and cash flows from financing activities. For the year ended December 31, 2024, cash flows from operating, investing, and financing activities resulted in a net increase in cash and cash equivalents of $18.6 million. Net cash provided by operating activities amounted to $(1.1) million, primarily due to a $1.1 million loss on sale of investment securities offset by $1.2 million recovery of credit losses. Net cash used in investing activities amounted to $27.5 million, primarily due to purchases of securities totaling $54.4 million offset by proceeds from sales or maturities of securities totaling $28.1 million. Net cash provided by financing activities amounted to $47.1 million, primarily due to the payback of $4.0 million in Federal Home Loan Bank Advances, and the net proceeds from the issuance of common stock totaling $448.7 million. For the year ended December 31, 2023, cash flows from operating, investing, and financing activities resulted in a net decrease in cash and cash equivalents of $730,000. Net cash provided by operating activities amounted to $796,000, primarily due to net income of $797,000. Net cash used in investing activities amounted to $6.6 million, primarily due to an increase in loans receivable, net, of $14.7 million, partially offset by proceeds from sales or maturities of available-for-sale investment securities of $10.7 million. Net cash provided by financing activities amounted to $5.1 million, primarily due to Federal Home Loan Bank advances of $4.0 million and a net increase in deposits of $1.1 million.
We believe we maintain a strong liquidity position, and are committed to maintaining it. We monitor our liquidity position on a daily basis. We anticipate that we will have sufficient funds to meet our current funding commitments. Based on our deposit retention experience and current pricing strategy, we anticipate that a significant portion of maturing time deposits will be retained.
Fifth District Bancorp is a separate legal entity from Fifth District and must provide for its own liquidity to pay its operating expenses and other financial obligations. Fifth District Bancorp’s primary source of income is dividends received from Fifth District. The amount of dividends that Fifth District may declare and pay to Fifth District Bancorp is governed by applicable bank regulations. At December 31, 2024, Fifth District Bancorp (on an unconsolidated basis) had liquid assets of $21.8 million.
At December 31, 2024, Fifth District was categorized as well-capitalized under regulatory capital guidelines. Management is not aware of any conditions or events since the most recent notification that would change our category. For further information, see note 10 to the notes to consolidated financial statements.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements. At December 31, 2024, we had $34.6 million of outstanding commitments to originate loans, which primarily consists of HELOC’s totaling $13.4 million, construction loans totaling $8.4 million, and Board approved loans totaling $11.5 million. At December 31, 2024, certificates of deposit that are scheduled to mature on or before December 31, 2025 totaled $214.2 million. Management expects that a substantial portion of the maturing certificates of deposit will be renewed. However, if a substantial portion of these deposits is not retained, we may raise interest rates on deposits to attract new accounts or utilize Federal Home Loan Bank of Dallas advances, which may result in higher levels of interest expense.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
For a discussion of the impact of recent accounting pronouncements, see note 1 of the notes to the consolidated financial statements appearing elsewhere in this annual report.
Impact of Inflation and Changing Prices
The consolidated financial statements and related data presented in this annual report have been prepared according to GAAP which require the measurement of financial position and operating results in terms of historical dollars without considering changes in the relative purchasing power of money over time due to inflation. The primary impact of inflation on our operations is reflected in increased operating costs. Unlike most industrial companies, virtually all of the assets and liabilities of a financial institution are monetary in nature. As a result, interest rates,
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generally, have a more significant impact on a financial institution’s performance than does inflation. Interest rates do not necessarily move in the same direction or to the same extent as the prices of goods and services.
ITEM 7A.Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
The information regarding this Item is contained in Item 7 under the heading “Management of Market Risk.”
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Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (PCAOB ID 149)
To the Stockholders and Board of Directors
Fifth District Bancorp, Inc.
Opinion on the Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Fifth District Bancorp, Inc. and its subsidiary (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income (loss), stockholders’ equity and cash flows for the years then ended, and the related notes to the consolidated financial statements (collectively, the financial statements). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the years then ended, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
Basis for Opinion
These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audit, we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.
Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
We have served as the Company's auditor since 2023.
/s/ Elliott Davis, LLC
Franklin, Tennessee
March 26, 2025
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ITEM 8.Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
FIFTH DISTRICT BANCORP, INC.
Consolidated Balance Sheets
December 31,
Assets
Cash and Due from Banks $ 5,850 $ 4,587
Interest-Bearing Deposits at Other Financial Institutions 32,066 14,719
Investment Securities Available-for-Sale, at Fair Value 92,987 67,901
Allowance for Credit Losses (1,699) (2,802)
Accrued Interest Receivable 1,967 1,757
Real Estate Owned 42 42
Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity
Liabilities
Deposits
Advances from Borrowers for Taxes, Insurance, and Repairs 5,280 4,352
Short-Term Federal Home Loan Bank Advances — 4,000
Stockholders' Equity
Additional Paid-In Capital 53,163 —
Unearned ESOP Stock (4,226) —
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss (6,911) (6,973)
Total Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity $ 527,307 $ 480,797
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
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FIFTH DISTRICT BANCORP, INC.
Consolidated Statements of Operations
Years Ended December 31,
Interest and Dividend Income
Other Interest-Earning Assets 1,450 605
Total Interest and Dividend Income 19,277 16,414
Interest Expense
Short-Term Federal Home Loan Bank Advances 4 91
Recovery of Credit Losses on Loans (1,100) (450)
Provision for (Recovery of) Credit Losses on Unfunded Commitments (110) 125
Total Recovery of Credit Losses (1,210) (325)
Net Interest Income After Recovery of Credit Losses 11,266 10,374
Non-Interest Income
Deposit Service Charges and Fees 217 204
ATM and Check Card Fees 402 410
Bank Owned Life Insurance 353 312
Loss on Investments Securities (1,144) —
Gain on Sale of Asset 141 —
Total Non-Interest Income 11 973
Non-Interest Expense
Salaries and Employee Benefits 6,709 5,948
Federal Deposit Insurance 205 204
Professional and Legal 194 148
Audit and Examination 304 146
Charitable Contributions 1,281 43
Income (Loss) Before Income Taxes (1,436) 946
Income Tax Expense (Benefit) (358) 149
Net Income (Loss) $ (1,078) $ 797
Earnings (Losses) per Share - Basic and Diluted $ (0.21) $ N/A
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
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FIFTH DISTRICT BANCORP, INC.
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Years Ended December 31,
Net Income (Loss) $ (1,078) $ 797
Other Comprehensive Income
Reclassification Adjustment for Net Losses Realized 1,144 —
Net Loss on Defined Benefit Pension Plan (101) (2)
Tax Effect (16) (247)
Total Other Comprehensive Income 62 932
Comprehensive Income (Loss) $ (1,016) $ 1,729
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
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FIFTH DISTRICT BANCORP, INC.
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity
Year ended December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023
Accumulated
Additional Unearned Other Total
Common Paid-In ESOP Retained Comprehensive Stockholders'
(in thousands) Stock Capital Shares Earnings Loss Equity
Net Income — — — 797 — 797
Other Comprehensive Income — — — — 932 932
Net Loss — — — (1,078) — (1,078)
Other Comprehensive Income — — — — 62 62
ESOP Shares Released for Allocation — 24 222 — — 246
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
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FIFTH DISTRICT BANCORP, INC.
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
Years Ended December 31,
Cash Flows from Operating Activities
Net Income (Loss) $ (1,078) $ 797
Adjustments to Reconcile Net Income (Loss) to Net
Cash Provided by (Used in) Operating Activities
Recovery of Credit Losses (1,210) (325)
Gain on Sale of Asset (141) —
Net Amortization of Deferred Loan Costs (11) 41
Net Amortization on Investment Securities 248 268
Loss on Sale of Investment Securities 1,144 —
Federal Home Loan Bank Stock Dividend (29) (23)
Deferred Tax Expense (400) 135
Increase in Cash Surrender Value on Bank Owned Life Insurance (353) (312)
ESOP Compensation Expense 246 —
Changes in Operating Assets and Liabilities
Accrued Interest Receivable (210) 12
Other Assets (95) (744)
Net Cash Provided by (Used in) Operating Activities (1,054) 796
Cash Flows from Investing Activities
Proceeds from Sale or Maturities of Investment Securities
Purchases of Investment Securities Available-for-Sale (54,350) (1,000)
Proceeds from Maturities of Certificates of Deposit at
Other Financial Institutions — 249
Purchase of Federal Home Loan Bank Stock — (18)
Increase in Loans Receivable, Net (1,184) (14,666)
Proceeds from Sale of Premises and Equipment 509 —
Purchases of Premises and Equipment (510) (1,908)
Net Cash Used in Investing Activities (27,484) (6,639)
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
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FIFTH DISTRICT BANCORP, INC.
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Continued) (Unaudited)
(in thousands)
Years Ended December 31,
Cash Flows from Financing Activities
Increase in Deposits, Net 1,473 1,060
Federal Home Loan Bank Advances (4,000) 4,000
Advances by Borrowers for Taxes,
Insurance, and Repairs 928 54
Net proceeds from Issuance of Common Stock 48,747 —
Net Cash Provided by Financing Activities 47,148 5,114
Net Increase (Decrease) in Cash and Cash Equivalents 18,610 (729)
Cash and Cash Equivalents, Beginning of Year 19,306 20,035
Cash and Cash Equivalents, End of Year $ 37,916 $ 19,306
Supplemental Disclosures of Cash Flow Information
Cash Paid During the Period for Interest $ 8,975 $ 5,790
Cash Paid During the Period for Taxes $ — $ 125
Market Value Adjustment for Unrealized Loss on
Investment Securities Available-for-Sale $ 179 $ 1,181
Non-Cash Investing and Financing Activities
Real Estate Owned Acquired Through Foreclosure $ — $ 42
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
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FIFTH DISTRICT BANCORP, INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Note 1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Unaudited)
Description of Business
Fifth District Bancorp, Inc. (“Fifth District Bancorp” or the “Company”) is a Maryland corporation incorporated on February 15, 2024, to serve as the bank holding company for Fifth District Savings Bank (“Fifth District” or the “Bank”) in connection with the Bank’s conversion from the mutual to stock form of organization (the “Conversion”). The Conversion was completed on July 31, 2024. In connection with the Conversion, Fifth District Bancorp acquired 100% ownership of Fifth District and the Company offered and sold 5,459,473 shares of its common stock at $10.00 per share, for gross offering proceeds of $54,594,730. The cost of the Conversion and issuance of common stock was approximately $2,400,000, which was deducted from the gross offering proceeds. Additionally, the Company contributed 100,000 shares to a newly formed charitable foundation. The Bank’s employee stock ownership plan (“ESOP”) purchased 444,758 shares of the common stock sold by the Company, which was equal to 8% of the 5,559,473 shares of common stock issued by the Company. The ESOP purchased the shares using a loan from the Company. The Company contributed approximately $26,097,000 of the net proceeds from the offering to the Bank, loaned $4,447,580 of the net proceeds to the ESOP and retained approximately $21,400,000 of the net proceeds.
The Bank is a federally-chartered stock savings bank which attracts deposits from the general public and uses such deposits primarily to originate loans secured by first mortgages on owner-occupied, family residences. The Bank’s primary regulator is the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC). The Bank’s activities are provided to customers of the Bank by branch offices located in the greater New Orleans area; however, loan and deposit customers are found dispersed in a wider geographical area covering southeast Louisiana. The Bank operates as one reporting segment.
Basis of Presentation
The accounting and reporting policies and practices of the Company conform with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (U.S. GAAP) and predominant practices within the banking industry.
Principles of Consolidation
The consolidated financial statements as of and for the period ended December 31, 2024 include the amounts of Fifth District Bancorp and its wholly-owned subsidiary, Fifth District. All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated.
The financial statements as of and for the period ended December 31, 2023 represent the Bank only, as the conversion to stock form, including the formation of Fifth District Bancorp, was completed on July 31, 2024. References herein to the “Company” for periods prior to the completion of the stock conversion should be deemed to refer to the “Bank”.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from these estimates.
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FIFTH DISTRICT BANCORP, INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Material estimates that are particularly susceptible to significant change in the near-term relate to the valuation of the allowance for credit losses, deferred taxes, and fair value of financial instruments.
The determination of the adequacy of the allowance for credit losses is based on estimates that are particularly susceptible to significant changes in the economic environment and market conditions. In connection with the determination of estimated losses on loans and unfunded commitments, management obtains independent appraisals for significant collateral. While management uses available information to recognize losses on loans, further reductions in the carrying amounts of loans may be necessary based on changes in local economic conditions. In addition, regulatory agencies, as an integral part of their examination processes, periodically review the estimated losses on loans. Based on such reviews the Company may determine to recognize additional losses based on their judgements about information available to them at the time of their examination. Because of these factors, it is reasonably possible that the estimated losses on loans may change materially in the near-term. However, the amount of the change that is reasonably possible cannot be estimated.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
For purposes of the consolidated statements of cash flows, cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand, cash items, amounts due from banks, and interest-bearing deposits at other financial institutions with an original maturity of 90 days or less, and federal funds sold. Generally, federal funds are sold for one-day periods.
Cash and due from banks include bank deposit accounts aggregating approximately $27,065,000 and $8,934,000 in excess of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation limit of $250,000 per insured account on December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. The Company has not experienced any losses and does not believe that significant credit risk exists as a result of this practice.
The Company may be required to maintain cash reserves with the Federal Reserve Bank. The requirement is dependent upon the Company’s cash on hand or noninterest-bearing balances. There was no reserve requirement as of December 31, 2024, and December 31, 2023.
Investment Securities
Debt securities classified as held-to-maturity are those debt securities the Company has both the intent and ability to hold to maturity regardless of changes in market conditions, liquidity needs, or changes in general economic conditions. These securities are carried at cost, adjusted for amortization of premium and accretion of discounts. Purchase premiums and discounts are recognized in interest income using the effective interest method over the terms of the securities, identified as the call date as to premiums and maturity date as to discounts. The Company held no held-to-maturity securities as of December 31, 2024 or December 31, 2023.
Debt securities classified as available-for-sale are those debt securities that the Company intends to hold for an indefinite period of time but not necessarily to maturity. Any decision to sell a security classified as available-for-sale would be based on various factors, including significant movement in interest rates, changes in the maturity mix of the Company’s assets and liabilities, liquidity needs, regulatory capital considerations, and other similar factors. These securities are carried at estimated fair value by a third-party pricing service with any unrealized gains or losses excluded from net income and reported in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), which is reported as a separate component of stockholders’ equity, net of the related deferred tax effect.
Debt securities that are classified as trading are acquired and held principally for the purpose of selling in the near term. These securities are carried at estimated fair value by a third-party pricing service with any unrealized gains or losses included in net income and reported in non-interest income in the consolidated
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FIFTH DISTRICT BANCORP, INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
statements of operations. The Company held no trading securities as of December 31, 2024 or December 31, 2023.
Gains and losses realized on sales of debt securities, determined using the adjusted cost basis of the specific securities sold, are included in non-interest income in the consolidated statements of operations. Dividend and interest income, including amortization of premium and accretion of discount arising at acquisition, from all categories of investment securities are included in interest income in the consolidated statements of operations.
Restricted Stock
Restricted stock is stock from the Federal Home Loan Bank (FHLB) and First National Bankers Bank (FNBB), which is restricted as to its marketability. Because no ready market exists for these investments and they have no quoted market value, the Company’s investment in these stocks is carried at cost. A determination as to whether there has been an impairment of a restricted stock investment is performed on an annual basis and includes a review of the current financial condition of the issuer.
Allowance for Credit Losses - Investment Securities Available-for-Sale
For available-for-sale securities, management evaluates all investments in an unrealized loss position on a quarterly basis, and more frequently when economic or market conditions warrant such evaluation. If the Company has the intent to sell the security, the security is written down to fair value, and the entire loss is recorded in earnings.
If either of the above criteria is not met, the Company evaluates whether the decline in fair value is the result of credit losses or other factors. In making the assessment, the Company may consider various factors including the extent to which fair value is less than amortized cost, performance on underlying collateral, downgrades in the ratings of the security by a rating agency, the failure of the issuer to make scheduled interest or principal payments, and adverse conditions specifically related to the security. If the assessment indicates that a credit loss exists, the present value of cash flows expected to be collected is compared to the amortized cost basis of the security and any excess is recorded as an allowance for credit loss, limited to the amount that the fair value is less than the amortized cost basis, recognized as a provision for credit loss in the consolidated statements of operations. Any amount of noncredit related unrealized loss that has not been recorded through an allowance for credit loss is recognized in other comprehensive income.
Changes in the allowance for credit loss are recorded as provision for (or recovery of) credit loss expense. Losses are charged against the allowance for credit loss when management believes an available-for-sale security is confirmed to be uncollectible or when either of the criteria regarding intent or requirement to sell is met. At December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, there was no allowance for credit loss related to the available-for-sale portfolio.
Accrued interest receivable on available-for-sale securities totaled approximately $348,000 and $168,000 at December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, and was excluded from the estimate of credit losses.
Loans Receivable
Loans that management has the intent and ability to hold for the foreseeable future or until maturity or payoff are reported at amortized cost. Amortized cost is the principal balance outstanding, net of purchase premiums and discounts and deferred fees and costs.
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FIFTH DISTRICT BANCORP, INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Accrued interest receivable related to loans totaled approximately $1,619,000 and $1,589,000 at December 31, 2024, and December 31, 2023, respectively, and was reported in accrued interest receivable on the consolidated balance sheets. Interest income is accrued on the unpaid principal balance as earned using the interest method over the life of the loan. Loan origination and commitment fees and certain direct loan origination costs are deferred and amortized as an adjustment to the related loan’s yield using the effective interest method over the contractual life of the loan.
The accrual of interest is generally discontinued when a loan becomes 90 days past due, is not well collateralized and in the process of collection, or when management believes, after considering economic and business conditions and collection efforts, that the principal or interest will not be collectible in the normal course of business. Past due status is based on contractual terms of the loan. A loan is considered to be past due when a scheduled payment has not been received 30 days after the contractual due date.
All accrued interest is reversed against interest income when a loan is placed on nonaccrual status. Interest received on such loans is accounted for using the cost-recovery method, until qualifying for return to accrual. Under the cost-recovery method, interest income is not recognized until the loan balance is reduced to zero. Loans are returned to accrual status when all the principal and interest amounts contractually due are brought current, there is a sustained period of repayment performance, and future payments are reasonably assured.
Allowance for Credit Losses - Loans Receivable
The allowance for credit losses is a valuation account that is deducted from the loans’ amortized cost basis to present the net amount expected to be collected on the loans. Loans are charged off against the allowance when management believes the uncollectibility of a loan balance is confirmed. Expected recoveries do not exceed the aggregate amounts previously charged-off and expected to be charged-off. Accrued interest receivable is excluded from the estimate of credit losses.
The allowance for credit losses represents management’s estimate of lifetime credit losses in loans as of the balance sheet date. The allowance for credit losses is estimated by management using relevant available information, from both internal and external sources, relating to past events, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts.
Expected credit losses are measured on a pooled basis when similar risk characteristics exist using the open pool method. The open pool method applies a loss rate to a given pool of loans over the estimated remaining life of the given pool, which is based on historical data. Loan losses are calculated using the open pool method due to the nature and limited complexity of the loan portfolio.
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FIFTH DISTRICT BANCORP, INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
The Company has identified and calculates the allowance for credit losses for each of the following portfolio segments:
Loan Pool Risk Characteristics
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FIFTH DISTRICT BANCORP, INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Additionally, the allowance for credit losses calculation includes subjective adjustments for qualitative risk factors that are likely to cause estimated credit losses to differ from historical experience. These qualitative adjustments may increase or reduce reserve levels and include adjustments for lending management experience and risk tolerance, loan review and audit results, asset quality and portfolio trends, loan portfolio growth, industry concentrations, trends in underlying collateral, external factors, and economic conditions not already captured. The Company estimates reasonable and supportable forecasts of expected credit losses and reverts to historical loss information for periods beyond the forecast period for the remaining life of the loan pool.
Loans that do not share risk characteristics are evaluated on an individual basis. When the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty and repayment is expected to be provided through the operation or sale of the collateral, the expected credit losses are based on the fair value of collateral at the reporting date, adjusted for estimated selling costs, as appropriate.
Allowance for Credit Losses - Unfunded Commitments
Financial instruments include off-balance sheet credit instruments, such as commitments to make loans issued to meet customer financing needs. The Company’s exposure to credit loss in the event of nonperformance by the other party to the financial instrument for off-balance sheet loan commitments is represented by the contractual amount of those instruments. Such financial instruments are recorded when they are funded.
The Company records an allowance for credit losses on off-balance sheet credit exposures, unless the commitments to extend credit are unconditionally cancelable, through a charge to provision for unfunded commitments in the consolidated statements of operations. The allowance for credit losses on off-balance sheet credit exposures is estimated by loan segment at each balance sheet date under the current expected credit loss model using the same methodologies as portfolio loans, taking into consideration the likelihood that funding will occur as well as any third-party guarantees. The allowance for unfunded commitments is included in other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets.
Bank Owned Life Insurance
The Bank is the beneficiary of life insurance contracts purchased on the lives of certain officers of the Bank which are reported at their cash surrender value. At December 31, 2024, and December 31, 2023, life insurance contracts totaled approximately $10,685,000 and $10,332,000, respectively. Appreciation in the cash surrender value amounted to approximately $353,000 and $312,000 for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Appreciation in value of the insurance policies is included in bank owned life insurance within non-interest income in the consolidated statements of operations.
Premises and Equipment
Premises and equipment are carried at cost, less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is computed generally on the straight-line method based upon the estimated useful lives of the assets. Estimated useful lives for building and improvements range from 15 to 40 years, and for furniture and fixtures from 5 to 10 years.
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FIFTH DISTRICT BANCORP, INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Major expenditures for property acquisitions and those expenditures which substantially increase useful lives are capitalized. Expenditures for maintenance, repairs, and minor replacements that do not significantly improve or extend the lives of the respective assets are charged to expense as incurred.
When assets are retired or otherwise disposed of, their cost and related accumulated depreciation are removed from the respective accounts, and any gain or loss is reflected in other non-interest income or expense.
Real Estate Owned
Real estate acquired through, or in lieu of, loan foreclosure is initially recorded at fair value on the date of acquisition, less estimated costs to sell. Any write-downs at the time of acquisition are charged to the allowance for credit losses. Subsequent to acquisition, a valuation allowance is established, if necessary, to report these assets at the lower of (a) fair value minus estimated costs to sell or (b) cost.
The ability of the Company to recover the carrying value of real estate is based upon future sales of the real estate owned. The ability to affect such recovery is subject to market conditions and other factors, many of which are beyond the Company’s control. Operating income of such properties, net of related expenses, and gains and losses on their disposition, are included in the consolidated statements of operations. The Company had $42,000 of real estate owned as of December 31, 2024, and December 31, 2023.
Income Taxes
Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are determined using the liability (or balance sheet) method. Under this method, the net deferred tax asset or liability is determined based on the tax effects of the temporary differences between the financial statement carrying amounts and the tax bases of the Company’s assets and liabilities. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are reflected at currently enacted income tax rates applicable to the period in which the deferred tax assets and liabilities are expected to be realized or settled. As changes in tax laws or rates are enacted, deferred tax assets and liabilities are adjusted through the provision for income taxes. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance when, in the opinion of management, it is more-likely-than-not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized.