CaliberCos Inc. CWD US Equity☆

Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and related notes thereto included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. In addition to historical information, this discussion and analysis contains forward-looking statements that involve risks, uncertainties and assumptions. Our actual results may differ materially from these forward-looking statements as a result of certain factors. For a complete discussion of such risk factors, see the section in this report entitled “Risk Factors”.

Overview

Over the past 15 years, Caliber has grown into a leading diversified alternative asset management firm, managing more than $3.1 billion in AUM and AUD. Caliber’s primary goal is to enhance the wealth of accredited investors seeking to make investments in middle-market assets. We strive to build wealth for our clients by creating, managing, and servicing middle-market investment funds, private syndications, and direct investments. Through our funds, we invest primarily in real estate, private equity, and debt facilities. We market and fundraise to Direct Channels and to Wholesale Channels.

We believe that we provide investors attractive risk-adjusted returns by offering a balance of (i) structured offerings and ease of ownership, (ii) a pipeline of investment opportunities, primarily projects that range in value between $5.0 million and $50.0 million, and (iii) an integrated execution and processing platform. Our investment strategy leverages the local market intelligence and real-time data we gain from our operations to evaluate current investments, generate proprietary transaction flow, and implement various asset management strategies.

An alternative asset manager, we offer a full suite of support services and employ a vertically integrated approach to investment management. Our asset management activities are complemented with transaction and advisory services including development and construction management, acquisition and disposition expertise, and fund formation, which we believe differentiate us from other asset management firms. We earn the following fees from providing these services under our asset management platform:

•Fund set-up fees are a one-time fee for the initial formation, administration, and set-up of fund products we distribute and manage. These fees are recognized at the point in time when the performance under the contract is complete.

•Fund management fees are generally based on 1.0% to 1.5% of the unreturned capital contributions in a particular fund and include reimbursement for costs incurred on behalf of the fund, including an allocation of certain overhead costs. These customer contracts require the Company to provide management services, representing a performance obligation that the Company satisfies over time. With respect to the Caliber Hospitality Trust (as defined in Note 3 – VIEs), the Company earns an fund management fee of 0.70% of the Caliber Hospitality Trust’s enterprise value and is reimbursed for certain costs incurred on behalf of the Caliber Hospitality Trust.

•Financing fees are earned for services the Company performs in securing third-party financing on behalf of our private equity real estate funds. These fees are recognized at the point in time when the performance under the contract is complete, which is essentially upon closing of a loan. In addition, the Company earns fees for guarantying certain loans, representing a performance obligation that the Company satisfies over time.

•Real estate development revenues are generally based on 4.0% of the total expected costs of the development or 4.0% of the total expected costs of the construction project for services performed as the principal developer, which include managing and supervising third-party developers and general contractors with respect to the development of the properties owned by the funds. Prior to the commencement of construction, development fee revenue is recognized at a point in time as the related performance obligations are satisfied and the customer obtains control of the promised service, including negotiation, due diligence, entitlements, planning, and design activities. During the construction period, development fee revenue is recognized over time as the performance obligations are satisfied.

•Brokerage fees are earned at a point in time at fixed rates for services performed related to acquisitions, dispositions, leasing, and financing transactions.

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•Performance allocations are an arrangement in which we are entitled to an allocation of investment returns, generated within the investment funds which we manage, based on a contractual formula. We typically receive 15.0% to 35.0% of all cash distributions from (i) the operating cash flow of each fund, after payment to the related fund investors of any accumulated and unpaid priority preferred returns and repayment of preferred capital contributions; and (ii) the cash flow resulting from the sale or refinance of any real estate assets held by each fund, after payment to the related fund investors of any accumulated and unpaid priority preferred returns and repayment of initial preferred capital contributions. Our funds’ preferred returns range from 6.0% to 12.0%, typically 6.0% for common equity or 10.0% to 12.0% for preferred equity, which does not participate in profits. Performance allocations are related to services which have been provided and are recognized when it is determined that they are no longer probable of significant reversal, which is generally satisfied when an underlying fund investment is realized or sold.

Historically, the Company’s operations were organized into three reportable segments: fund management, development, and brokerage. During the three months ended December 31, 2023, the Company reevaluated its reportable segments, considering (i) the evolution of the Company after closing its initial public offering and how the Company’s chief operating decision maker (“CODM”), the Company’s Chief Executive Officer, assesses performance and allocates resources, (ii) changes to the budgeting process and in key personnel driven by the Company’s growth initiatives, and (iii) how management reports ongoing company performance to the Board of Directors. With the evolution and growth of the Company, the Company’s CODM assesses performance and resource allocation on an aggregate basis under the Company’s asset management platform, and no longer reviews operating results for development or brokerage activity separately. As such, management concluded that the Company operates through one operating segment.

The Company’s CODM assesses revenue, operating expenses and key operating statistics to evaluate performance and allocate resources on a basis that eliminates the impact of the consolidated investment funds (intercompany eliminations required by U.S. GAAP) and noncontrolling interests. Management concluded that the consolidated investment funds do not meet the requirements in ASC 280, Segment Reporting, of operating segments, as the Company’s CODM does not review the operating results of these investment funds for the purposes of allocating resources, assessing performance or determining whether additional investments or advances will be made to these funds. The investment funds are consolidated based on the requirement in ASC 810, Consolidation, as the Company was determined to be the primary beneficiary of each of these variable interest entities since it has the power to direct the activities of the entities and the right to absorb losses, generally in the form of guarantees of indebtedness that are significant to the individual investment funds.

Caliber was originally founded as Caliber Companies, LLC, an Arizona limited liability company, organized under the laws of Arizona, and commenced operations in January 2009. In November 2014, the Company was reorganized as a Nevada corporation and in June 2018, we reincorporated in the state of Delaware. On our website we make available, free of charge, information about the Company and its’ investments. None of the information on our website is deemed to be part of this report.

Trends Affecting Our Business

Our business is driven by trends which affect the following:

1)Capital formation: any trend which increases or decreases investors’ knowledge of alternative investments, desire to acquire them, access to acquire them, and knowledge and appreciation of Caliber as a potential provider, will affect our ability to attract and raise new capital. Capital formation also drives investment acquisitions, which contribute to Caliber’s revenues.

2)Investment acquisition: any trend which increases or decreases the supply of middle-market real estate projects or loans, the accessibility of developments or development incentives, or enhances or detracts from Caliber’s ability to access those projects will affect our ability to generate revenue. Coincidentally, investment acquisitions, or the rights to acquire an investment, drive capital formation – creating a flywheel effect for Caliber.

3)Project execution: any trend which increases or decreases the costs of execution on a real estate project, including materials pricing, labor pricing, access to materials, delays due to governmental action, and the general labor market, will affect Caliber’s ability to generate revenues.

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Our business depends in large part on our ability to raise capital for our funds from investors. Since our inception, we have continued to successfully raise capital into our funds with our total capital raised through December 31, 2023 of approximately $660.0 million. Our success at raising new capital into our funds is impacted by the extent to which new investors see alternative assets as a viable option for capital appreciation and/or income generation. Since our ability to raise new capital into our funds is dependent upon the availability and willingness of investors to direct their investment dollars into our products, our financial performance is sensitive in part to changes in overall economic conditions that affect investment behaviors. The demand from investors is dependent upon the type of asset, the type of return it will generate (current cash flow, long-term capital gains, or both) and the actual return earned by our fund investors relative to other comparable or substitute products. General economic factors and conditions, including the general interest rate environment and unemployment rates, may affect an investor’s ability and desire to invest in real estate. For example, a significant interest rate increase could cause a projected rate of return to be insufficient after considering other risk exposures. Additionally, if weakness in the economy emerges and actual or expected default rates increase, investors in our funds may delay or reduce their investments; however, we believe our approach to investing and the capabilities that Caliber manages throughout the deal cycle will continue to offer an attractive value proposition to investors.

In June 2023, the United States of America’s House of Representatives unanimously approved legislation that would increase the number of investors who can participate in private offerings of securities by expanding the accredited investor criteria. The Fair Investment Opportunities for Professional Experts Act would expand the definition of accredited investor to include people with certain licenses, education or professional experience. The Accredited Investor Definition Review Act would give the SEC discretion to determine the certifications, designations or credentials investors must possess to be accredited and directs the SEC to review the accredited investor definition every five years. We believe these government actions will increase the size of our potential investor base significantly, however we cannot yet assess the number of newly accredited investors that would have the ability or interest to invest in a Caliber fund.

While we have had historical successes, there can be no assurance that fundraising for our new and existing funds will experience similar success. If we were unable to raise such capital, we would be unable to deploy such capital into investments, which would materially reduce our revenues and cash flow and adversely affect our financial condition.

We remain confident about our ability to find, identify, and source new investment opportunities that meet the requirements and return profile of our investment funds despite headwinds associated with increased asset valuations, competition and increased overall cost of credit. We continue to identify strategic acquisitions on off-market terms and anticipate that this trend will continue. We are at a point in our investment cycle where some of our funds have begun to exit significant parts of their portfolios while other are approaching a potential harvesting phase. We have complemented these cycles with other newer funds that will maintain management fees while providing continued sources of activity.

In February 2023, we expanded our access to institutional capital by entering into an agreement with Skyway Capital Markets to serve as a managing broker-dealer for our primary investment products. The agreement designates Skyway to assist us to raise capital primarily from third-party broker-dealers and registered investment advisors, many of which have an existing business relationship with Skyway. Skyway will assist us in our efforts to hire, train and manage a national wholesaling team, secure selling agreements, and provide appropriate due diligence to advisors distributing our funds. Our current managing broker-dealer will remain engaged with us to supervise and manage our existing private client sales team and to join Skyway as a selling group member.

Acquiring new assets includes being able to negotiate favorable loans on both a short and long-term basis. We strive to forecast and project our returns using assumptions about, among other things, the types of loans that we might expect the market to extend for a particular type of asset. This becomes more complex when the asset also requires construction financing. We may also need to refinance existing loans that are due to mature. Factors that affect these arrangements include the interest rate and economic environment, the estimated fair value of real property, and the profitability of the asset’s historical operations. These capital market conditions may affect the renewal or replacement of our credit agreements, some of which have maturity dates occurring within the next 12 months. Obtaining such financing is not guaranteed and is largely dependent on market conditions and other factors.

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The advancement of real estate investment-oriented technology, sometimes referred to as “proptech”, offers Caliber the benefit of new and innovative technologies to better execute on capital formation strategies, investment acquisition strategies, and investment management strategies. In recent years, Caliber has added to its technology stack with systems that we believe lead the market in their specific ability to enhance execution on our projects. Several of these technologies seek to incorporate investments in artificial intelligence, which we believe will be a prevailing trend in helping Caliber to enhance its project execution going forward.

Regional conflicts and instability, such as those in Israel and Ukraine, can have significant impacts on global markets and economies and investor perception and tolerance for risk. These conflicts could lead to increased volatility in financial markets, disrupt supply chains, and change investor appetite for investments in alternative assets.

Business Environment

Global markets are experiencing significant volatility driven by concerns over inflation, rising interest rates, slowing economic growth and geopolitical uncertainty. The annual inflation rate in the United States increased to 9.1% in June 2022, the highest rate since November 1981, but decreased to 3.4% in December 2023. As a result, from January 1, 2022 through January 31, 2024, the Federal Reserve increased the federal funds rate by 525 basis points. The rising interest rates, coupled with periods of significant equity and credit market volatility may potentially make it more difficult for us to find attractive opportunities for our funds to exit and realize value from their existing investments. Historically, inflation has tended to favor new capital formation for Caliber’s funds, as investors seek opportunities that can hedge against rising costs, such as real estate investments. In addition, the increase in interest rates has put pressure on owners of existing real estate to sell assets as their loans mature. Combined with a shrinking pool of buyers, the commercial and residential real estate markets in our favored geographies are moving away from a seller’s market and closer to a buyer’s market. It remains to be seen if a stressed or distressed market may emerge, similar to Caliber’s early years of operations. In both a buyer’s market and a stressed or distressed market, Caliber expects its business model to outperform, as our direct access to investor capital and our ability to invest in a variety of asset classes allows Caliber to move with the market and take advantage of potentially attractive prices. For project execution, inflation has increased the cost of nearly all building materials and labor types, increasing the cost of construction and renovation of our funds’ assets.

Key Financial Measures and Indicators

Our key financial measures are discussed in the following pages. Additional information regarding these key financial measures and our other significant accounting policies can be found in Note 2 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies in the notes to our accompanying consolidated financial statements included herein.

Total Revenue

We generate the majority of our revenue in the form of asset management revenues and performance allocations. Included within our consolidated results are the related revenues of certain consolidated VIEs.

Total Expenses

Total expenses include operating costs, general and administrative, marketing and advertising and depreciation and amortization. Included within our consolidated results are the related expenses of consolidated VIEs.

Other Income (Expenses)

Other income (expenses) include interest expense and interest income.

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Results of Operations

Comparison of the Consolidated Results of Operations for the Years Ended December 31, 2023 and 2022

The following table and discussion provide insight into our consolidated results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands):

Years Ended December 31,

Revenues

Expenses

Benefit from income taxes — — — 0.0 %

For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, total revenues were $90.9 million and $84.0 million, respectively, representing a period-over-period increase of 8.3%. This increase was primarily due to an increase in revenues in our consolidated fund hotel assets resulting from increased occupancy rates and higher average daily rates and from revenues from Hilton Tucson East, which became a consolidated entity during the year ended December 31, 2023, offset by a decrease in asset management revenues. Asset management revenues consist of fees earned for fund set-up and formation, asset management, financing, development and construction, and brokerage services. The decrease in asset management revenues was primarily due to fund set-up fees earned for services performed in conjunction with the formation of Caliber Tax Advantaged Opportunity Zone Fund II, LLC during the year ended December 31, 2022.

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For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, total expenses were $119.5 million and $92.4 million, respectively, representing a period-over-period increase of 29.3%. The increase was primarily due to an increase in consolidated fund related expenses due to rising labor costs and variable costs associated with increased revenue, such as management and franchise fees and loyalty program costs, and from operating expenses from Hilton Tucson East, which became a consolidated entity during the year ended December 31, 2023. In addition, there was an increase in operating costs from (i) additional payroll associated with increased headcount and cost of human capital driven by the Company’s growth initiatives, as the Company looks to enhance its capabilities across all lines of service, and (ii) an increase in stock compensation expense for restricted stock units that vested upon the closing of the Company’s initial public offering.

For the year ended December 31, 2023, consolidated funds – gain on sale of real estate investments includes the $5.0 million gain recognized on the sale of Northsight Crossing, a commercial property with a cost basis of $21.7 million. For the year ended December 31, 2022, consolidated funds – gain on sale of real estate investments includes the $21.5 million gain recognized on the sale of GC Square Apartments, a multi-family property with a cost basis of $9.1 million.

For the year ended December 31, 2023, other income, net includes rental income of $1.6 million related to space leased to third parties in Caliber’s headquarters office building, offset by a $1.3 million loss of estimated amounts due to investors of the Caliber Residential Advantage Fund, LP (“CRAF”) upon redemption of their investment and payment of any accrued and unpaid preferred return related to the disposal of the last single-family residential home owned by the fund (“Loss on CRAF Investment Redemption”). There was no comparable activity during the year ended December 31, 2022.

For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, interest expense was $4.7 million and $1.1 million, respectively. The increase was primarily due to the increase in corporate notes outstanding during the year ended December 31, 2023, as compared to the same period in 2022. In addition, there was one real estate note outstanding during the year ended December 31, 2023 with no comparable real estate notes outstanding during the same period in 2022.

Comparison of the Unconsolidated Results of Operations for the Year Ended December 31, 2023 and 2022

The following table and discussion provide insight into our unconsolidated results of operations of the asset management platform for the year ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands). Unconsolidated revenues and expenses are presented on a basis that deconsolidates our consolidated funds (intercompany eliminations) and eliminates noncontrolling interest. As a result, unconsolidated revenues are different than those presented on a consolidated basis in accordance with U.S. GAAP because fee revenue is eliminated in consolidation when it is derived from a consolidated fund and due to the exclusion of the fund revenue recognized by the consolidated funds. Furthermore, unconsolidated expenses are also different than those presented on a consolidated U.S. GAAP basis due to the exclusion of fund expenses that are paid by the consolidated funds. See the Non-GAAP Measures section below for reconciliations of the unconsolidated results to the most comparable U.S. GAAP measure.

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Year Ended December 31,

Revenues

Expenses

Provision for income taxes — — — 0.0 %

For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, total revenues were $20.6 million and $24.1 million, respectively, representing a period-over-period decrease of 14.4%. The table below compares the revenues earned for providing services under the Company’s asset management platform as described in the Revenue Recognition section of Note 2 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies for the year ended December 31, 2023 to the revenues earned for the year ended December 31, 2022.

Year Ended December 31,

The decrease in fund set-up fees relates to services performed in conjunction with the formation of Caliber Tax Advantaged Opportunity Zone Fund II, LLC during the year ended December 31, 2022. In addition, the Company is transitioning from fund formation fees that are recognized as capital is raised into a fund to fund set-up fees that are a one-time fee not conditional on capital raise, resulting in a decrease in fund set-up fees of $0.9 million from the year ended December 31, 2022 to the year ended December 31, 2023.

The increase in development and construction fees is primarily due the execution of development agreements related to eight projects, partially offset by completing construction at three projects during the year ended December 31, 2023.

The decrease in brokerage fees is primarily due to a decrease in brokerage transactions, which were $57.8 million during the year ended December 31, 2023, as compared to $117.5 million in the same period in 2022.

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For the year ended December 31, 2023 performance allocations were $3.7 million, which represents the carried interest earned related to the contribution of the hospitality assets to Caliber Hospitality, LP in March 2023, the disposition of one commercial property located in Scottsdale, Arizona, and 80 acres of land located in Johnstown, Colorado. For the year ended December 31, 2022 performance allocations were $2.5 million, which represents the carried interest earned related to the sale of the GC Square Apartments multi-family property in March 2022.

For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, total expenses were $30.2 million and $22.6 million, respectively, representing a period-over-period increase of 33.9%. The increase was primarily due to an increase in operating costs from (i) additional payroll associated with increased headcount and cost of human capital driven by the Company’s growth initiatives, as the Company looks to enhance its capabilities across all lines of service, and (ii) an increase in stock compensation expense for restricted stock units that vested upon the closing of the Company’s initial public offering. The increase in depreciation and amortization was primarily due to the acquisition of the Company’s headquarters office building during the year ended December 31, 2023.

For the year ended December 31, 2023, other income, net includes rental income of $1.6 million related to space leased to third parties in Caliber’s headquarters office building, offset by a $1.3 million loss of estimated amounts due to investors of the Caliber Residential Advantage Fund, LP upon redemption of their investment and payment of any accrued and unpaid preferred return related to the disposal of the last single-family residential home owned by the fund. There was no comparable activity during the year ended December 31, 2022.

For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, interest expense was $4.7 million and $1.1 million, respectively. The increase was primarily due to the increase in corporate notes outstanding during the year ended December 31, 2023, as compared to the same period in 2022. In addition, there was one real estate note outstanding during the year ended December 31, 2023 with no comparable real estate notes outstanding during the same period in 2022.

Investment Valuations

The investments that are held by our funds are generally considered to be illiquid and have no readily ascertainable market value. We value these investments based on our estimate of their fair value as of the date of determination. We estimate the fair value of our fund’s investments based on a number of inputs built within forecasting models which are either developed by a third-party or by our internal finance team. The models generally rely on discounted cash flow analysis and other techniques and may include independently sourced market parameters. The material estimates and assumptions used in these models include the timing and expected amounts of cash flows, income and expenses for the property, the appropriateness of discount rates used, overall capitalization rate, and, in some cases, the ability to execute, estimated proceeds and timing of expected sales and financings. The majority of our assets utilize the income approach to value the property. Where appropriate, management may obtain additional supporting evidence of values from methods generally utilized in the real estate investment industry, such as appraisal reports and broker price opinion reports.

With respect to the underlying factors that led to the change in fair value in the current year, we identify assets that are undervalued and/or underperforming at the time of acquisition. Such assets generally undergo some form of repositioning soon after our acquisition in order to help drive increased appreciation and operating performance. Once the repositioning is complete, we focus on increasing the asset’s net operating income, thereby further increasing the value of the asset. By making these below-market acquisitions, adding value through development activities, and increasing free cash flow with proper management all represent a material component to our core business model.

A unique feature of Caliber’s funds is the discretion given to Caliber’s management team to decide when to sell assets and when to hold them. We believe this discretion allows Caliber to avoid selling properties that, while their business plan may have matured, the market will not pay an attractive price in the current environment. Avoiding selling at a time of disruption, such as all of 2020, is critical to preserving the value of our assets, our carried interest, our ongoing revenues, and our clients’ capital. While this is management’s expectation, there can be no assurance these outcomes will occur.

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Assets Under Management

Assets under management, or “AUM,” refers to the assets we manage or sponsor. We monitor two types of information with regard to our AUM:

i.Managed Capital – we define this as the total capital raised from investors and invested in our funds, including capital raised from investors in CaliberCos Inc. through corporate note issuances that was further invested in or loaned to our funds. We use this information to monitor, among other things, the amount of ‘preferred return’ that would be paid at the time of a distribution and the potential to earn a performance fee over and above the preferred return at the time of the distribution. Our fund management fees are based on a percentage of managed capital or a percentage of assets under management, and monitoring the change and composition of managed capital provides relevant data points for Caliber management to further calculate and predict future earnings.

ii.Fair Value (“FV”) AUM – we define this is as the aggregate fair value of the real estate assets we manage and from which we derive management fees, performance revenues and other fees and expense reimbursements. We estimate the value of these assets quarterly to help make sale and hold decisions and to evaluate whether an existing asset would benefit from refinancing or recapitalization. This also gives us insight into the value of our carried interest at any point in time. We also utilize FV AUM to predict the percentage of our portfolio which may need development services in a given year, fund management services (such as refinance), and brokerage services. As we control the decision to hire for these services, our service income is generally predictable based upon our current portfolio AUM and our expectations for AUM growth in the year forecasted. As of December 31, 2023, we had total FV AUM of approximately $741.2 million.

Although we believe we are utilizing generally accepted methodologies for our calculation of managed capital and FV AUM, it may differ from our competitors, thereby making these metrics non-comparable to our competitors.

Managed Capital

The table below summarizes the activity of the managed capital for the year ended December 31, 2023 (in thousands):

Managed Capital

___________________________________________

(1)Other represents the inclusion of an investment of one of our funds upon the completion of an equity swap during the year ended December 31, 2023.

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The following table summarizes managed capital for our investment fund portfolios as of December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (in thousands):

Real Estate

___________________________________________

(1)Beginning during the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company includes capital raised from investors in CaliberCos Inc. through corporate note issuances that was further invested in our funds in Managed Capital.As of December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company had invested $18.3 million and $5.4 million, respectively, in our funds.

(2)Credit managed capital represents loans made to Caliber’s investment funds by the Company and our diversified credit fund. As of December 31, 2023, the Company had loaned $8.5 million to our funds. As of December 31, 2022, no amounts had been loaned to our funds from the Company.

(3)Other managed capital represents undeployed capital held in our diversified funds.

Managed capital for our hospitality funds increased by $12.3 million during the year ended December 31, 2023, representing: (i) the $6.7 million purchase of Caliber Hospitality Trust’s Class A non-voting preferred stock and (ii) $1.2 million purchase of Caliber Hospitality Trust’s Class B non-voting preferred stock, which was offset by (iii) a $6.0 million decrease when hotel operations ceased at the Four Points by Sheraton hotel, as the Company is converting the property into a multi-family residential asset. The Company also invested $10.4 million into our hospitality funds through corporate notes.

Managed capital for our residential investment funds increased by $11.4 million during the year ended December 31, 2023: representing (i) $7.1 million in capital raised into our residential assets offset by $4.3 million of redemptions, and (ii) $5.1 million contributed by our diversified funds offset by $2.5 million of redemptions by diversified funds. Additionally, there was an additional $6.0 million due to the planned conversion of the Four Points by Sheraton hotel discussed above.

Managed capital for our commercial investment funds increased $26.8 million during the year ended December 31, 2023, representing: (i) $10.7 million in capital raised into our commercial assets offset by $9.8 million of redemptions, (ii) $2.5 million due to the inclusion of an investment of one of our funds upon the completion of an equity swap, and (iii) $25.7 million contributed by our diversified funds offset by $2.3 million of redemptions, to support four commercial ground-up builds and acquisitions in Arizona and one commercial ground-up build and acquisition in Colorado. The scope of investments included tenant improvements, land development, and acquiring existing operating commercial properties.

During the year ended December 31, 2023, we raised $21.0 million of new capital into Caliber Fixed Income Fund III, LP (“CFIF III”) and deployed it into our various real estate investments, which was offset by $19.4 million of repayments of the notes receivable. We also deployed $24.8 million directly into new investments in the form of notes receivable, which was offset by $16.6 million of repayments of the notes receivable.

As of December 31, 2023, we held $9.4 million of other managed capital, which included a $3.2 million private equity investment in a local start-up business and $5.3 million of undeployed cash and pursuit costs, compared to $15.3 million of other managed capital, which included a $6.2 million private equity investment in a local start-up business and $12.1 million of undeployed cash and pursuit costs held as of December 31, 2022.

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FV AUM

Our fair value AUM decreased primarily due to asset sales, partially offset by asset purchases. The table below details the activities that had an impact on our FV AUM, during the year ended December 31, 2023 (in thousands).

Construction and net market appreciation 9,129

Assets sold or disposed(2) (52,710)

The following table summarizes FV AUM of our investment fund portfolios as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands):

Real Estate

___________________________________________

(1)Assets acquired during the year ended December 31, 2023 include one development asset in Colorado, our headquarters office building, and two multi-family residential assets in Arizona.

(2)Assets sold during the year ended December 31, 2023 include lot sales related to a development asset in Colorado, one development asset in Colorado, nine homes from our residential fund, and one commercial asset in Arizona.

(3)Credit FV AUM represents loans made to Caliber’s investment funds by our diversified credit fund.

(4)Other FV AUM represents undeployed capital held in our diversified funds.

Non-GAAP Measures

We use non-GAAP financial measures to evaluate operating performance, identify trends, formulate financial projections, make strategic decisions, and for other discretionary purposes. We believe that these measures enhance the understanding of ongoing operations and comparability of current results to prior periods and may be useful for investors to analyze our financial performance because they provides investors a view of the performance attributable to CaliberCos Inc. When analyzing our operating performance, investors should use these measures in addition to, and not as an alternative for, their most directly comparable financial measure calculated and presented in accordance with U.S. GAAP. Our presentation of non-GAAP measures may not be comparable to similarly identified measures of other companies because not all companies use the same calculations. These measures may also differ from the amounts calculated under similarly titled definitions in our debt instruments, which amounts are further adjusted to reflect certain other cash and non-cash charges and are used by us to determine compliance with financial covenants therein and our ability to engage in certain activities, such as incurring additional debt and making certain restricted payments.

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Fee-Related Earnings and Related Components

Fee-Related Earnings is a supplemental non-GAAP performance measure used to assess our ability to generate profits from fee-based revenues, focusing on whether our core revenue streams, are sufficient to cover our core operating expenses. Fee-Related Earnings represents the Company’s net income (loss) before income taxes adjusted to exclude depreciation and amortization, stock-based compensation, interest expense and extraordinary or non-recurring revenue and expenses, including performance allocation revenue and gain (loss) on extinguishment of debt, public registration direct costs related to aborted or delayed offerings and our Reg A+ offering, the share repurchase costs related to the Company’s Buyback Program, litigation settlements, and expenses recorded to earnings relating to investment deals which were abandoned or closed. Fee-Related Earnings is presented on a basis that deconsolidates our consolidated funds (intercompany eliminations) and eliminates noncontrolling interest. Eliminating the impact of consolidated funds and noncontrolling interest provides investors a view of the performance attributable to CaliberCos Inc. and is consistent with performance models and analysis used by management.

Distributable Earnings

Distributable Earnings is a supplemental non-GAAP performance measure equal to Fee-Related Earnings plus performance allocation revenue and less interest expenses and provision for income taxes. We believe that Distributable Earnings can be useful as a supplemental performance measure to our GAAP results assessing the amount of earnings available for distribution.

Caliber Adjusted EBITDA

Caliber Adjusted EBITDA represents the Company’s Distributable Earnings adjusted for interest expense, the share repurchase costs related to the Company’s Buyback Program, other income (expense), and provision for income taxes on a basis that deconsolidates our consolidated funds (intercompany eliminations), Loss on CRAF Investment Redemption, Gain on extinguishment of Payroll Protection Program loans, and eliminates noncontrolling interest. Eliminating the impact of consolidated funds and noncontrolling interest provides investors a view of the performance attributable to CaliberCos Inc. and is consistent with performance models and analysis used by management.

Consolidated Adjusted EBITDA

Consolidated Adjusted EBITDA represents the Company’s and the consolidated funds’ earnings before net interest expense, income taxes, depreciation and amortization, further adjusted to exclude stock-based compensation, transaction fees, expenses and other public registration direct costs related to aborted or delayed offerings and our Reg A+ offering, the share repurchase costs related to the Company’s Buyback Program, litigation settlements, expenses recorded to earnings relating to investment deals which were abandoned or closed, any other non-cash expenses or losses, as further adjusted for extraordinary or non-recurring items.

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The following table presents a reconciliation of net (loss) income attributable to CaliberCos Inc. to Fee-Related Earnings, Distributable Earnings, Caliber Adjusted EBITDA, and Consolidated Adjusted EBITDA for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands):

Years Ended December 31,

Net (loss) income attributable to CaliberCos Inc. $ (12,703) $ 2,020

Net (loss) income attributable to noncontrolling interests (14,891) 11,931

Provision for income taxes — —

Net (loss) income before income taxes (27,594) 13,951

Depreciation and amortization 551 58

Consolidated funds’ impact on fee-related earnings 14,020 (11,551)

Severance 19 —

Legal costs — 525

Public registration costs — 779

Gain on extinguishment of debt — (1,421)

Provision for income taxes — —

Provision for income taxes — —

Loss on CRAF Investment Redemption 1,339 —

Gain on extinguishment of Payroll Protection Program loans — 1,421

Consolidated funds’ impact on Caliber Adjusted EBITDA 1,788 (71)

Consolidated funds' EBITDA Adjustments 11,419 31,220

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The following tables present a reconciliation of unconsolidated revenues, expenses and net income to the most comparable GAAP measure for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands):

Unconsolidated Impact of Consolidated Funds Consolidated

Revenues

Consolidated funds – hospitality revenue — 68,905 68,905

Consolidated funds – other revenue — 7,822 7,822

Expenses

Depreciation and amortization 551 (1) 550

Consolidated funds – hospitality expenses — 80,669 80,669

Consolidated funds – other expenses — 9,162 9,162

Consolidated funds – gain on sale of real estate investments — 4,976 $ 4,976

Gain on extinguishment of debt — — —

Provision for income taxes — — —

Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests — (14,891) (14,891)

Net (loss) income attributable to CaliberCos Inc. $ (11,785) $ (918) $ (12,703)

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Unconsolidated Impact of Consolidated Funds Consolidated

Revenues

Consolidated funds – hospitality revenue — 59,564 59,564

Consolidated funds – other revenue — 6,505 6,505

Expenses

Depreciation and amortization 44 14 58

Consolidated funds – hospitality expenses — 60,667 60,667

Consolidated funds – other expenses — 9,213 9,213

Consolidated funds – gain on sale of real estate investments — 21,530 21,530

Gain on extinguishment of debt 1,421 — 1,421

Provision for income taxes — — —

Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests — 11,931 11,931

Net income (loss) attributable to CaliberCos Inc. $ 2,342 $ (322) $ 2,020

Liquidity and Capital Resources

We have incurred operating losses and negative operating cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2023, and may incur operating losses and negative cash flows in future periods. We had individual corporate notes aggregating $36.4 million at December 31, 2023 for which the maturity dates of the majority of these notes are within the 12-month period subsequent to when the financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2023 were issued.

In response to these conditions, and the absence of sufficient funds to satisfy the debt obligations referenced above, management plans to i) negotiate extensions of such loans or refinance such debt, ii) obtain new financing, iii) reduce operating costs, iv) collect receivables and return investments from the Consolidated Funds, and/or v) increase capital raise through continued expansion of fundraising channels. The Company has commenced discussions with the various lenders in pursuit of extending or refinancing its loans. As of the date of these financial statements, management was able to extend $12.3 million of corporate notes for an additional 13 months (see Note 6 – Notes Payable). Management’s plans include timely collection on the Company’s outstanding accounts and notes receivable from affiliated entities for which management has influence and control and implementing strategies to reduce costs. As a result, the Company has concluded that management’s plans are probable of being achieved to alleviate substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern.

Each of our funds and the related assets that are acquired or own equity interest in those funds are established as separate legal entities with limited liability. Therefore, the cash flows generated by these entities, whether through operations or financing, are unavailable for general corporate purposes, except as payment to the Company for services performed by the Company.

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We have historically financed our operations primarily through a combination of operating cash flows, private offerings of our equity securities, and secured and unsecured debt. In addition, due to the consolidation of CFIF III, we recognize a revolving line of credit with a maximum borrowing amount of $4.5 million.

We hold our excess unrestricted cash in bank accounts with several high-quality financial institutions.

Equity Financing

On May 19, 2023, the Company closed its initial public offering of 1,200,000 shares of Class A common stock at a public offering price of $4.00 per share, for aggregate gross proceeds of $4.8 million before deducting underwriting discounts, commissions, and other offering expenses.

Corporate Debt

As of December 31, 2023, we have issued and outstanding unsecured promissory notes of $37.8 million with an average outstanding principal balance of $0.2 million, a weighted average interest rate of 11.42%, and maturity dates ranging from January 2024 to March 2025. The purpose of this financing program is to provide the Company with flexible, short-term capital to be used to grow its assets under management and assist funds in a fast-moving acquisition or investment, as well as general corporate purposes. Additionally, the program provides customers of Caliber’s funds access to a short-term lending opportunity. Management actively manages each relationship to determine if the respective customer would like to redeem upon maturity or extend for an additional period of time. Management has historically been successful at extending these note programs and, as a result, continues to expect similar outcomes. This outstanding debt resulted in $4.0 million and $1.0 million of interest expense for the year ended December 31, 2023 and 2022.

Cash Flows Analysis

The section below discusses in more detail the Company’s primary sources and uses of cash and primary drivers of cash flows within the Company’s consolidated statements of cash flows (in thousands).

Years Ended December 31,

Net cash provided by (used in):

Net change in cash and cash equivalents $ 1,706 $ (598) $ 2,304

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The assets of our consolidated funds, on a gross basis, can be substantially larger than the assets of our core business and, accordingly could have a substantial effect on the accompanying statements of cash flows. The table below summarizes our consolidated statements of cash flow by activity attributable to the Company and to our consolidated funds (in thousands).

Years Ended December 31,

Net cash used in the Company's operating activities (18,720) (7,429) (11,291)

Net cash used in the Company's investing activities (3,487) (810) (2,677)

Net cash used in the Company's investing activities (5,364) (31,752) 26,388

Net cash provided by the Company's financing activities 24,706 8,452 16,254

Net cash provided by the Company's financing activities 25,790 38,583 (12,793)

Net change in cash and cash equivalents $ 1,706 $ (598) $ 2,304

Operating Activities

Our net cash flows from operating activities are generally comprised of asset management revenues and performance allocations, less cash used for operating expenses, including interest paid on our debt obligations. The increase in net cash flows used in operating activities of the Company during the year ended December 31, 2023, as compared to the same period in 2022, was primarily related to increased interest payments related to the Company’s corporate notes. The increase in net cash flows used in operating activities of the consolidated funds during the year ended December 31, 2023, as compared to the net cash flows provided by operating activities during the same period in 2022, was primarily due to increased interest payments related to the consolidated funds notes payable.

Investing Activities

The increase in net cash flows used in investing activities of the Company for the year ended December 31, 2023, as compared to the same period in 2022, primarily relates to an increase in the acquisition of real estate assets. The decrease in net cash flows used in investing activities of the consolidated funds is primarily due to the decrease in the acquisition of real estate assets and the net impact of the consolidation and deconsolidation of VIEs, offset by a decrease in proceeds from the sale of real estate investments.

Financing Activities

The increase in net cash flows provided by financing activities of the Company for the year ended December 31, 2023, as compared to the same period in 2022, was primarily due to an increase of $13.7 million of net proceeds on notes payable and an increase of $2.6 million in proceeds from the issuance of common stock, net of equity issuance costs during the year ended December 31, 2023 as compared to the same period in 2022. The decrease in net cash flows provided by financing activities of the consolidated funds is primarily due to a decrease in the net proceeds from notes payable and notes payable – related parties of our consolidated funds of $12.9 million, an increase in deferred financing costs paid of $2.3 million, and an increase in distributions to noncontrolling interest holders of $5.7 million during the year ended December 31, 2023 as compared to the same period in 2022.

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Critical Accounting Estimates

The preparation of our consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. These estimates are made and evaluated on an ongoing basis using information that is currently available as well as various other assumptions believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results could differ from those estimates, perhaps in adverse ways, and those estimates could be different under different assumptions or conditions.

Accounting Estimates of the Company

We believe the following critical accounting policies affect the Company’s more significant estimates and judgements used in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements.

Revenue Recognition

In accordance with the Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASC 606”), management applies the five-step framework in determining the timing and amount of revenue to recognize. This framework requires an entity to: (i) identify the contract(s) with customers, (ii) identify the performance obligations within the contract, (iii) determine the transaction price, (iv) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations within the contract, and (v) recognize revenue when or as the entity satisfies a performance obligation.

Revenues from contracts with customers includes fixed fee arrangements with related party affiliates to provide certain associated activities which are ancillary to and generally add value to the assets we manage, such as set-up and fund formation services associated with marketing, soliciting, and selling member interests in the affiliated limited partnerships, brokerage services, construction and development management services, loan placement and guarantees. The recognition and measurement of revenue is based on the assessment of individual contract terms. For performance obligations satisfied at a point in time, there are no significant judgments made in evaluating when the customer obtains control of the promised service.

For performance obligations satisfied over time, significant judgment is required to determine how to allocate transaction prices where multiple performance obligations are identified; when to recognize revenue based on appropriate measurement of the Company’s progress under the contract; and whether constraints on variable consideration should be applied due to uncertain future events. Transaction price is allocated to each distinct performance obligation and recognized as revenue when, or as, the performance obligation is satisfied. Variable consideration is included in the estimated transaction price to the extent it is probable that a significant reversal of cumulative revenue recognized will not occur or when the uncertainty associated with the variable consideration is resolved. The Company’s estimates of variable consideration and determination of whether to include estimated amounts in transaction price are based largely on an assessment of its anticipated performance and all information that is reasonably available to the Company. Revenues are recognized when control of the promised services is transferred to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to be entitled to in exchange for those services.

The following describes revenue recognition for the fees the Company earns from providing services under its asset management platform:

Fund set-up fees are a one-time fee for the initial formation, administration, and set-up of the private equity real estate fund. These fees are recognized at the point in time when the performance under the contract is complete and are included in asset management revenues in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. Fund set-up fees replaced fund formation fees that are earned at a point in time at a fixed rate based on the amount of capital raised into certain managed funds.

Fund management fees are generally based on 1.0% to 1.5% of the unreturned capital contributions in a particular fund and include reimbursement for costs incurred on behalf of the fund, including an allocation of certain overhead costs. These customer contracts require the Company to provide management services, representing a performance obligation that the Company satisfies over time. With respect to the Caliber Hospitality Trust (as defined in Note 3 – VIEs), the Company earns a fund management fee of 0.70% of the Caliber Hospitality Trust’s enterprise value and is reimbursed for certain costs incurred on behalf of the Caliber Hospitality Trust. These revenues are included in asset management revenues in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.

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Financing fees are earned for services the Company performs in securing third-party financing on behalf of our private equity real estate funds. These fees are recognized at the point in time when the performance under the contract is complete, which is essentially upon closing of a loan. In addition, the Company earns fees for guarantying certain loans, representing a performance obligation that the Company satisfies over time. These revenues are included in asset management revenues in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.

Development and construction revenues from contracts with customers include fixed fee arrangements with related party affiliates to provide real estate development services as their principal developer, which include managing and supervising third-party developers and general contractors with respect to the development of the properties owned by the funds. Revenues are generally based on 4.0% of the total expected costs of the development or 4.0% of the total expected costs of the construction project. Prior to the commencement of construction, development fee revenue is recognized at a point in time as the related performance obligations are satisfied and the customer obtains control of the promised service, including negotiation, due diligence, entitlements, planning, and design activities. During the construction period, development fee revenue is recognized over time as the performance obligations are satisfied. These revenues are included in asset management revenues in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.

Brokerage fees are earned at a point in time at fixed rates for services performed related to acquisitions, dispositions, leasing, and financing transaction, and are included in asset management revenues in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.

Performance allocations are an arrangement in which we are entitled to an allocation of investment returns, generated within the investment funds which we manage, based on a contractual formula. We typically receive 15.0% to 35.0% of all cash distributions from (i) the operating cash flow of each fund, after payment to the related fund investors of any accumulated and unpaid priority preferred returns and repayment of preferred capital contributions; and (ii) the cash flow resulting from the sale or refinance of any real estate assets held by each fund, after payment to the related fund investors of any accumulated and unpaid priority preferred returns and repayment of initial preferred capital contributions. Our funds’ preferred returns range from 6.0% to 12.0%, typically 6.0% for common equity or 10.0% to 12.0% for preferred equity, which does not participate in profits. Performance allocations are related to services which have been provided and are recognized when it is determined that they are no longer probable of significant reversal, which is generally satisfied when an underlying fund investment is realized or sold. These revenues are included in performance allocations in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.

Income Taxes

The Company accounts for income taxes under the asset and liability method in accordance with ASC 740, Accounting for Income Taxes. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on temporary differences between the financial reporting and tax basis of assets and liabilities and operating loss and tax credit carry forwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured by applying enacted tax rates and laws and are released in the years in which the temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. Valuation allowances are provided against deferred tax assets when it is more-likely-than-not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized.

A valuation allowance is required to reduce the balance of a deferred tax asset if it is determined that it is more-likely-than-not that all or some portion of the deferred tax asset will not be realized due to the lack of sufficient taxable income or other limitation on the Company’s ability to utilize the loss carryforward.

We recognize the impact of an income tax position, if that position is more-likely-than-not of being sustained on audit, based on the technical merits of the position. Related interest and penalties are classified as income taxes in the financial statements.

Accounting Estimates of Consolidated Funds

We believe the following critical accounting policies affect the consolidated funds’ more significant estimates and judgements used in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements.

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Consolidated Fund Revenues

In accordance with ASC 606, our consolidated funds apply the five-step framework in determining the timing and amount of revenue to recognize. This framework requires an entity to: (i) identify the contract(s) with customers, (ii) identify the performance obligations within the contract, (iii) determine the transaction price, (iv) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations within the contract, and (v) recognize revenue when or as the entity satisfies a performance obligation. Our consolidated funds’ revenues primarily consist of hospitality revenues, rental income and interest income.

Consolidated funds – hospitality revenue

Hospitality revenues are comprised of charges for room rentals, food and beverage sales, and other hotel operating activities. Revenues are recognized as earned, which is defined as the date upon which a guest occupies a room or utilizes the hotel’s services. Revenues are recorded net of sales tax.

Our consolidated funds have performance obligations to provide accommodations and other ancillary services to hotel guests. As compensation for such goods and services, the consolidated funds are typically entitled to a fixed nightly fee for an agreed upon period and additional fixed fees for any ancillary services purchased. These fees are generally payable at the time the hotel guest checks out of the hotel. The consolidated funds generally satisfy the performance obligations over time and recognize the revenue from room sales and from other ancillary guest services on a daily basis, as the rooms are occupied, and the services have been rendered.

For food and beverage, revenue is recognized upon transfer of promised products or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration the consolidated funds received in exchange for those services, which is generally when payment is tendered at the time of sale.

The consolidated funds receive deposits for events and rooms. Such deposits are deferred and included in other liabilities on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. The deposits are credited to consolidated funds – hospitality revenue when the specific event takes place.

Consolidated funds – other revenue

Consolidated funds – other revenue primarily consists of rental revenue of $4.0 million and $3.6 million for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Rental revenue includes the revenues generated primarily by the rental operations of the residential (multi-family and single-family) and commercial properties of our consolidated funds.

Consolidated Fund Expenses

Consolidated fund expenses consist primarily of costs, expenses and fees that are incurred by, or arise out of the operation and activities of or otherwise related to, our consolidated funds, including, without limitation, operating costs, depreciation and amortization, interest expense on debt held by our consolidated funds, gain on extinguishment of debt, gain on derivative instruments, insurance expenses, professional fees and other costs associated with administering and supporting those funds.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The fair value of financial instruments is disclosed in accordance with ASC 825, Financial Instruments. The fair value of our financial instruments is estimated using available market information and established valuation methodologies. The estimates of fair value are not necessarily indicative of the amounts the consolidated funds could realize on disposition of the financial instruments. The use of different market assumptions and/or valuation methodologies may have a material effect on the estimated fair value amounts.

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Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Market Risk

The market risk associated with financial instruments and derivative financial instruments is the risk of loss from adverse changes in market prices or interest rates. Our market risk arises primarily from interest rate risk relating to variable-rate borrowings. To meet our short and long-term liquidity requirements, we borrow funds at a combination of fixed and variable rates. Our interest rate risk management objectives are to limit the impact of interest rate changes on earnings and cash flows and to manage our overall borrowing costs. To achieve these objectives, from time to time, we may enter into interest rate hedge contracts such as swaps, caps, collars, treasury locks, options and forwards in order to mitigate our interest rate risk with respect to various debt instruments. We would not hold or issue these derivative contracts for trading or speculative purposes.

Interest Rate Risk

As of December 31, 2023, our debt included fixed-rate debt with a fair value and carrying value of $96.0 million and $103.9 million, respectively. Changes in market interest rates on our fixed rate debt impact the fair value of the debt, but they have no impact on interest incurred or cash flow. For instance, if interest rates rise 100 basis points, and the fixed rate debt balance remains constant, we expect the fair value of our debt to decrease, the same way the price of a bond declines as interest rates rise.

As of December 31, 2023, our debt included variable-rate debt with a fair value and carrying value of $81.6 million. The sensitivity analysis related to our variable-rate debt assumes an immediate 100 basis point move in interest rates from their December 31, 2023 levels, with all other variables held constant. A 100 basis point increase or decrease in variable interest rates on our variable-rate debt would increase or decrease our interest expense by $0.8 million annually.

Credit Risk

Substantially all of the Company’s revenues are generated from the management, ownership and/or operations of real estate assets located in Alaska, Arizona, Colorado, and Texas. The Company mitigates the associated risk by:

•diversifying our investments in real estate assets across multiple asset types, including hospitality, commercial, single-family, multi-family, and self-storage properties;

•diversifying our investments in real estate assets across multiple geographic locations including different markets and sub-markets in which our real estate assets are located;

•diversifying our investments in real estate assets across assets at differing points of stabilization, and in varying states of cash flow optimization; and

•maintaining financing relationships with a diversified mix of lenders (differing size and type), including large national banks, local community banks, private equity lenders, and insurance companies.

Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

The information required by Item 8 is hereby incorporated by reference to our consolidated financial statements beginning on page F-1 of this document.

Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosures

None.

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Item 9A. Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

We maintain disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (“the Exchange Act”)) that are designed to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed in our Exchange Act reports is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. In designing and evaluating the disclosure controls and procedures, we recognize that no controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide absolute assurance of achieving the desired control objectives.

In accordance with Rules 13a-15(b) and 15d-15(b) of the Exchange Act, management, under the supervision and with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, carried out an evaluation of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of December 31, 2023 and determined that the disclosure controls and procedures were effective at a reasonable assurance level as of that date.

Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

This report does not include a report on management’s assessment regarding internal control over financial reporting or an attestation report of our registered public accounting firm due to a transition period established by the SEC for newly public companies.

Because we are an “emerging growth company” under the JOBS Act, our independent public accounting firm will not be required to attest to the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting for so long as we are an emerging growth company.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

No change occurred in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) of the Exchange Act) during the three months ended December 31, 2023 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

Item 9B. Other Information

None.

Item 9C. Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdiction that Prevent Inspections.

None.

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PART III

Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance

The information required by this Item will be included in our Proxy Statement, to be filed within 120 days following the end of our fiscal year, and is incorporated herein by reference.

Item 11. Executive Compensation

The information required by this Item will be included in our Proxy Statement, to be filed within 120 days following the end of our fiscal year, and is incorporated herein by reference.

Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owner and Management and Related Stockholder Matters

The information required by this Item will be included in our Proxy Statement, to be filed within 120 days following the end of our fiscal year, and is incorporated herein by reference.

Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence

The information required by this Item will be included in our Proxy Statement, to be filed within 120 days following the end of our fiscal year, and is incorporated herein by reference.

Item 14. Principal Accounting Fees and Services

The information required by this Item will be included in our Proxy Statement, to be filed within 120 days following the end of our fiscal year, and is incorporated herein by reference.

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PART IV

Item 15. Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules

Financial Statements

The Financial Statements are included herein at pages F-3 through F-7.

Financial Statement Schedules

All financial statement schedules for which provision is made in the applicable accounting regulations of the SEC are not required under the related instructions, the required information is contained elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, or the schedules are inapplicable and have therefore been omitted.

Exhibits

The following exhibits are included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023 (and are numbered in accordance with Item 601 of Regulation S-K):

Exhibit No. Description

4.1* Description of Securities

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14.1* Code of Ethics

19.1* Insider Trading Policy

21.1* Subsidiaries

23.1* Consent of Deloitte & Touche LLP

97.1* Clawback Policy

101.INS* Inline XBRL Instance

101.SCH* Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema

101.CAL* Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation

101.LAB* Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Labels

101.PRE* Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation

_____________________________

* Filed herewith

† Management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.

Item 16. Form 10-K Summary

Not Applicable.

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1934, as amended, the registrant has duly caused this Annual Report on Form 10-K to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in Scottsdale, Arizona, on April 15, 2024.

CALIBERCOS INC.

By: /s/ John C. Loeffler, II

Name: John C. Loeffler, II

Title: Chairman and Chief Executive Officer

As required under the Securities Act of 1934, as amended, this Annual Report on Form 10-K has been signed below by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated:

Signature Title Date

/s/ John C. Loeffler, II Chairman and Chief Executive Officer April 15, 2024

John C. Loeffler, II (Principal Executive Officer)

Jade Leung

Jennifer Schrader

/s/ William J. Gerber Director April 15, 2024

William J. Gerber

/s/ Michael Trzupek Director April 15, 2024

Michael Trzupek

/s/ Dan Hansen Director April 15, 2024

Dan Hansen

/s/ Lawrence Taylor Director April 15, 2024

Lawrence Taylor

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INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Page

Reports of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (PCAOB ID: 34) F-2

Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 F-3

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements F-9

F-1

Table of Contents

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the shareholders and the Board of Directors of CaliberCos Inc. and subsidiaries

Opinion on the Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of CaliberCos Inc. and subsidiaries (the "Company") as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the related consolidated statements of operations, stockholders' equity, and cash flows, for each of the two years in the period ended December 31, 2023, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the "financial statements"). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the two years in the period ended December 31, 2023, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

Basis for Opinion

These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company's financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits, we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.

Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

/s/ DELOITTE & TOUCHE LLP

Tempe, Arizona

April 15, 2024

We have served as the Company's auditor since 2020.

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CALIBERCOS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET

(AMOUNTS IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT PER SHARE DATA)

Assets

Investments in unconsolidated entities 3,338 3,156

Operating lease - right of use assets 193 1,411

Assets of consolidated funds

Operating lease - right of use assets 10,318 8,769

Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity

Notes payable - related parties — 365

Accounts payable and accrued expenses 8,886 6,374

Buyback obligation — 12,391

Operating lease liabilities 119 1,587

Liabilities of consolidated funds

Accounts payable and accrued expenses 11,736 9,252

Due to related parties 101 68

Commitments and Contingencies

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CALIBERCOS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET

(AMOUNTS IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT PER SHARE DATA)

Stockholders’ equity (deficit) attributable to CaliberCos Inc. 2,623 (3,209)

Stockholders’ equity attributable to noncontrolling interests 63,395 80,398

Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity $ 299,432 $ 278,834

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

F-4

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CALIBERCOS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(AMOUNTS IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT PER SHARE DATA)

Years Ended December 31,

Revenues

Consolidated funds – hospitality revenues 68,905 59,564

Consolidated funds – other revenues 7,822 6,505

Expenses

Depreciation and amortization 550 58

Consolidated funds – hospitality expenses 80,669 60,667

Consolidated funds – other expenses 9,162 9,213

Consolidated funds - gain on sale of real estate investments 4,976 21,530

Gain on extinguishment of debt — 1,421

Net (loss) income before income taxes (27,594) 13,951

Benefit from income taxes — —

Net (loss) income attributable to noncontrolling interests (14,891) 11,931

Net (loss) income attributable to CaliberCos Inc. $ (12,703) $ 2,020

Weighted average common shares outstanding:

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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CALIBERCOS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(AMOUNTS IN THOUSANDS)

Class A Class B

Shares Par Value Shares Par Value Shares Par Value

Repurchases of common stock — — (277) — — — — — — — —

Equity based compensation expense — — 13 — — — 548 — — — 548

Redemptions of noncontrolling interest holders — — — — — — — — — (2,085) (2,085)

Consolidation of VIE — — — — — — — — — 3,864 3,864

Deconsolidation of VIEs — — — — — — — — — (14,119) (14,119)

Other 1 — 40 — — — — — — — —

Repurchases of common stock — — (42) — — — — — — — —

Conversions of preferred stock (1,651) — 1,651 2 — — — — — — 2

Equity based compensation expense — — 273 — — — 3,726 — — — 3,726

Consolidation of VIE — — — — — — — — — (20,805) (20,805)

Deconsolidation of VIEs — — — — — — — — — 10,825 10,825

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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CALIBERCOS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(AMOUNTS IN THOUSANDS)

Years Ended December 31,

Cash Flows From Operating Activities

Depreciation and amortization 527 44

Non-cash lease expense and gain on lease extinguishment (280) (125)

Non-cash performance allocations (2,382) —

Gain on the disposition of real estate — (122)

Gain on extinguishment of debt — (1,421)

Loss on investments in unconconsolidated entities 1,339 —

Amortization of deferred financing costs 34 —

Changes in operating assets and liabilities:

Prepaid expenses, right-of-use assets and other assets 3,169 (6,225)

Accounts payable and accrued expenses 931 3,145

Due to related parties 86 (556)

Lease liabilities and other liabilities 94 1,286

Non-cash lease expense (53) (106)

Gain on the disposition of real estate (4,976) (20,419)

Loss (gain) on extinguishment of debt 238 (3,131)

Loss (gain) on derivative instruments 515 (1,646)

Loss on disposal of furniture, fixtures and equipment 687 —

Impairment — 144

Amortization of advanced key money (75) (75)

Amortization of deferred financing costs 1,543 643

Changes in operating assets and liabilities of consolidated funds:

Accounts receivable, net (375) (1,012)

Due from related parties 3 190

Prepaid expenses, right-of use assets and other assets (8,040) (9,414)

Accounts payable and accrued expenses 1,141 969

Lease liabilities and other liabilities 1,264 10,429

Net cash used in the Company's operating activities (18,720) (7,429)

Cash Flows From Investing Activities

Investments in real estate assets (250) (275)

Acquisition of real estate assets (3,015) —

Proceeds from the sale of real estate assets 10 239

Investments in unconsolidated entities (182) (774)

Funding of notes receivable - related party (980) —

Payment received on notes receivable - related party 930 —

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CALIBERCOS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(AMOUNTS IN THOUSANDS)

Years Ended December 31,

Cash Flows From Investing Activities of consolidated funds

Investments in real estate assets (13,744) (13,941)

Acquisition of real estate assets (6,643) (23,766)

Proceeds from the sale of real estate assets 26,075 30,734

Funding of notes receivable - related party (15,963) (13,052)

Payment received on notes receivable - related party 8,423 4,925

Net cash used in the Company's investing activities (5,364) (31,752)

Cash Flows From Financing Activities

Payment of deferred financing costs (253) —

Repayments of notes payable (3,697) (1,148)

Proceeds from notes payable - related parties 4,000 —

Repayments of notes payable - related parties (4,365) (490)

Proceeds from the issuance of common stock, net of issuance costs 2,599 13

Payments of treasury stock - buyback obligation (183) (313)

Cash Flows From Financing Activities of consolidated funds

Payment of deferred financing costs (2,782) (510)

Proceeds from notes payable - related parties 10,008 15,901

Repayments of notes payable - related parties (2,802) (12,478)

Contributions from noncontrolling interest holders 26,096 26,389

Redemptions of noncontrolling interests (10,045) (2,085)

Distributions to noncontrolling interest holders (10,014) (4,364)

Net cash provided by the Company's financing activities 25,790 38,583

Net Change in Cash and Restricted Cash 1,706 (598)

Cash and Restricted Cash at Beginning of Period 15,934 16,532

Cash and Restricted Cash at End of Period $ 17,640 $ 15,934

Reconciliation of Cash and Restricted Cash

Cash at beginning of period $ 7,657 $ 8,378

Restricted cash at beginning of period 8,277 8,154

Cash and restricted cash at beginning of period 15,934 16,532

Cash and restricted cash at end of period 17,640 15,934

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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CALIBERCOS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Note 1 – Organization and Liquidity

Organization

CaliberCos Inc., a Delaware corporation, and its wholly-owned subsidiaries (the “Company”) is an alternative asset manager of private syndication and direct investment real estate funds and provider of a full suite of traditional real estate services. The Company was formed in November 2014, and originally began as Caliber Companies, LLC, an Arizona limited liability company, which commenced operations in January 2009. The Company provides various support services to the investments we manage including asset management services, fund set-up services, lending support, construction and development management, and real estate brokerage. As of December 31, 2023, we had operations in Alaska, Arizona, Colorado, and Texas.

In general, our private equity real estate funds are organized as operating partnerships, in which multiple unrelated passive investors own partnership interests. In addition, we are designated as the manager and/or general partner of the partnership. Depending on the legal structure and arrangements between us and the funds, we may or may not consolidate the partnerships for financial reporting purposes. For funds in which we are determined to be the controlling party or primary beneficiary for financial reporting purposes, the fund is consolidated, and the passive investors’ ownership is presented as noncontrolling interest in the accompanying consolidated financial statements (“Consolidated Funds”, and collectively with the Company, the “Consolidated Company”, “Caliber”, “we”, “our”, and “us”). For funds in which we are not determined to be the controlling party for financial reporting purposes, the fund is not consolidated, and any fees earned from the fund are included in fund management revenue in the accompanying consolidated financial statements. See Note 2 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies for more detail.

Liquidity and Going Concern

The accompanying consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles applicable to a going concern, which contemplates the realization of assets and the satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business.

The Company had individual corporate notes aggregating $36.4 million at December 31, 2023 for which the maturity dates of the majority of these notes are within the 12-month period subsequent to when the financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2023 were issued. Additionally, the Company has incurred operating losses and negative operating cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2023, and anticipates additional future operating losses and negative operating cash flows. The Company does not have sufficient cash on hand to satisfy such obligations. As such, these conditions and events raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern.

In response to these conditions, management plans to i) negotiate extensions of such loans or refinance such debt, ii) obtain new financing, iii) reduce operating costs, iv) collect receivables and return investments from the Consolidated Funds, and/or v) increase capital raise through continued expansion of fundraising channels. The Company has commenced discussions with the various lenders in pursuit of extending or refinancing its loans. As of the date of these financial statements, management was able to extend $12.3 million of corporate notes for an additional 13 months (see Note 6 – Notes Payable). Management’s plans include timely collection on the Company’s outstanding accounts and notes receivable from affiliated entities for which management has influence and control and implementing strategies to reduce costs. As a result, the Company has concluded that management’s plans are probable of being achieved to alleviate substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern.

Note 2 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Accounting Policies of the Company

Basis of Presentation and Consolidation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements are prepared on the accrual basis of accounting in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”). The accompanying consolidated financial statements include our accounts, our consolidated subsidiaries, and legal entities in which the Company is deemed to have a direct or indirect controlling financial interest based on either a variable interest model or voting interest model. The equity and net income or loss attributable to noncontrolling interests in subsidiaries is shown separately in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets, statements of operations, and statements of changes in stockholders’ equity. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

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CALIBERCOS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Variable Interest Entities

We determine if an entity is a variable interest entity (“VIE”) based on several factors, including whether the equity holders, as a group, lack the characteristics of a controlling financial interest. We analyze any investments in VIEs to determine if we are the primary beneficiary. A reporting entity is determined to be the primary beneficiary if it holds a controlling financial interest in a VIE.

Determining which reporting entity, if any, has a controlling financial interest in a VIE is primarily a qualitative analysis focused on identifying which reporting entity has both (i) the power to direct the activities of the entity that most significantly impact the entity’s economic performance and (ii) the obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive benefits from such entity that could potentially be significant to such entity. Performance of that analysis requires the exercise of judgment. We consolidate any VIEs for which we are the primary beneficiary and we disclose our maximum exposure to loss related to the consolidated VIEs. See Note 3 – VIEs for more detail.

Voting Interest Entities

Entities that do not qualify as VIEs are generally assessed for consolidation as voting interest entities (“VOEs”). For VOEs, we consolidate an entity if we have a controlling financial interest. We have a controlling financial interest in a VOE if (i) for legal entities other than partnerships, we own a majority voting interest in the entity or, for limited partnerships and similar entities, we own a majority of the entity’s kick-out rights through voting limited partnership interests and (ii) non-controlling shareholders or partners do not hold substantive participating rights, and no other conditions exist that would indicate that we do not control the entity.

Reclassification

The asset management fees and transaction and advisory fees, previously presented in their own line items for prior periods presented, have been combined into one line item, asset management revenues in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations, to be consistent with the current year presentation. The reclassification does not affect prior period’s total revenues or net income (loss).

Use of Accounting Estimates

The preparation of our consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. These estimates are made and evaluated on an ongoing basis using information that is currently available as well as various other assumptions believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results could differ significantly from those estimates.

Cash

Cash includes cash in bank accounts. The Company deposits cash with several high-quality financial institutions. These deposits are guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Company (“FDIC”) up to an insurance limit of $250,000. At times, the Company’s cash balances may exceed FDIC limits. Although the Company bears risk on amounts in excess of those insured by the FDIC, it has not experienced and does not anticipate any losses due to the high quality of the institutions where the deposits are held.

Restricted Cash

Restricted cash consists of held in escrow accounts by contractual agreement with lenders as part of financial loan covenant requirements.

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CALIBERCOS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Investments in Unconsolidated Entities

If an entity is not a VIE, our determination of the appropriate accounting method with respect to our investments in limited liability companies and other investments is based on voting control. For our managing member interests in limited liability companies, we are presumed to control (and therefore consolidate) the entity, unless the other limited partners have substantive rights that overcome this presumption of control. These substantive rights allow the limited partners to remove the general partner with or without cause or to participate in significant decisions made in the ordinary course of the entity’s business. We account for our non-controlling investments in these entities under the equity method. Our investments in unconsolidated subsidiaries in which we have the ability to exercise significant influence over operating and financial policies, but do not control, or entities which are VIE in which we are not the primary beneficiary are accounted for under the equity method. The equity method of accounting requires the investment to be initially recorded at cost and subsequently adjusted for the Company’s share of equity in the equity method investment’s earnings and distributions. Our share of the earnings or loss from equity method investments is included in other income (expenses), net on the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.

Our determination of the appropriate accounting treatment for an investment in a subsidiary requires judgment of several factors including the size and nature of our ownership interest and the other owners’ substantive rights to make decisions for the entity. If we were to make different judgments or conclusions as to the level of our control or influence, it could result in a different accounting treatment. Consolidating an investment generally would have no impact on our net income or stockholders’ deficit attributable to CaliberCos Inc. in any accounting period, but a different treatment would impact individual income statement and balance sheet line items, as consolidation would effectively “gross up” our statement of operations and balance sheet.

As of December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the carrying amount of our investments in unconsolidated entities was $3.3 million and $3.2 million, respectively. In certain situations, the Company has invested only a nominal amount of cash, or no cash at all, into a venture. As the manager of the venture, we are entitled to 15.0% – 35.0% of the residual cash flow produced by the venture after the payment of any priority returns. Under the equity method, impairment losses are recognized upon evidence of other-than-temporary losses of value. For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company had no impairment losses related to its investments in unconsolidated entities.

Depreciation and Amortization Expense

During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company acquired its headquarters office building, recording the real estate assets at cost. Building and building improvements are depreciated over the estimated useful life of the respective asset, generally 15 to 40 years. Depreciation expense also includes costs associated with the purchase of furniture and equipment, which are recorded at cost and depreciated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful life of the asset, generally three to seven years beginning in the first full month the asset is placed in service. Intangible lease assets are amortized using the straight-line method over the lease term.

For the year ended December 31, 2023, depreciation expense for the Company was $0.5 million. Depreciation expense for the Company was an immaterial amount for the year ended December 31, 2022.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

Real estate and other long-lived assets to be held and used are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation and amortization, unless the carrying amount of the asset is determined not to be recoverable. If events or circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of a long-lived asset may not be recoverable, we test its recoverability by comparing the carrying amount to our estimate of the undiscounted net future cash flows resulting from the use of the asset, excluding interest charges. If the carrying amount exceeds the aggregate undiscounted future cash flows, we recognize an impairment loss to the extent the carrying amount exceeds the estimated fair value of the asset.

For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company had no impairment losses related to its real estate and other long-lived assets.

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CALIBERCOS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Concentration of Credit Risk

Substantially all of the Company’s revenues are generated from the management, ownership and/or operations of real estate assets located in Alaska, Arizona, Colorado, and Texas. The Company mitigates the associated risk by:

•diversifying our investments in real estate assets across multiple asset types, including hospitality, commercial, single-family, multi-family, and self-storage properties;

•diversifying our investments in real estate assets across multiple geographic locations including different markets and sub-markets in which our real estate assets are located;

•diversifying our investments in real estate assets across assets at differing points of stabilization, and in varying states of cash flow optimization; and

•maintaining financing relationships with a diversified mix of lenders (differing size and type), including large national banks, local community banks, private equity lenders, and insurance companies.

Noncontrolling Interests in Consolidated Real Estate Partnerships

We report the unaffiliated partners’ interests in the net assets of our consolidated real estate partnerships as noncontrolling interests within the accompanying consolidated statements of changes in stockholders’ equity. Noncontrolling interests consist of equity interests held by limited partners in consolidated real estate partnerships. We attribute to noncontrolling interests their share of income or loss of the consolidated partnerships based on their proportionate interest in the results of operations of the partnerships, including their share of losses even if such attribution results in a deficit noncontrolling interest balance within our equity and partners’ capital accounts.

The terms of the partnership agreements generally require the partnerships to be liquidated following the sale of the underlying real estate assets. As the general partner in these partnerships, we ordinarily control the execution of real estate sales and other events that could lead to the liquidation, redemption or other settlement of noncontrolling interests. The terms of certain partnership agreements outline differing classes of equity ownership, some of which are redeemable by the partnership at the partnership manager’s discretion.

Revenue Recognition

In accordance with the Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASC 606”), management applies the five-step framework in determining the timing and amount of revenue to recognize. This framework requires an entity to: (i) identify the contract(s) with customers, (ii) identify the performance obligations within the contract, (iii) determine the transaction price, (iv) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations within the contract, and (v) recognize revenue when or as the entity satisfies a performance obligation.

Revenues from contracts with customers includes fixed fee arrangements with related party affiliates to provide certain associated activities which are ancillary to and generally add value to the assets we manage, such as set-up and fund formation services associated with marketing, soliciting, and selling member interests in the affiliated limited partnerships, brokerage services, construction and development management services, loan placement and guarantees. The recognition and measurement of revenue is based on the assessment of individual contract terms. For performance obligations satisfied at a point in time, there are no significant judgments made in evaluating when the customer obtains control of the promised service.

For performance obligations satisfied over time, significant judgment is required to determine how to allocate transaction prices where multiple performance obligations are identified; when to recognize revenue based on appropriate measurement of the Company’s progress under the contract; and whether constraints on variable consideration should be applied due to uncertain future events. Transaction price is allocated to each distinct performance obligation and recognized as revenue when, or as, the performance obligation is satisfied. Variable consideration is included in the estimated transaction price to the extent it is probable that a significant reversal of cumulative revenue recognized will not occur or when the uncertainty associated with the variable consideration is resolved. The Company’s estimates of variable consideration and determination of whether to include estimated amounts in transaction price are based largely on an assessment of its anticipated performance and all information that is reasonably available to the Company. Revenues are recognized when control of the promised services is transferred to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to be entitled to in exchange for those services.

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CALIBERCOS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

The following describes revenue recognition for the fees the Company earns from providing services under its asset management platform:

Fund set-up fees are a one-time fee for the initial formation, administration, and set-up of the private equity real estate fund. These fees are recognized at the point in time when the performance under the contract is complete and are included in asset management revenues in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. Fund set-up fees replaced fund formation fees that are earned at a point in time at a fixed rate based on the amount of capital raised into certain managed funds.

Fund management fees are generally based on 1.0% to 1.5% of the unreturned capital contributions in a particular fund and include reimbursement for costs incurred on behalf of the fund, including an allocation of certain overhead costs. These customer contracts require the Company to provide management services, representing a performance obligation that the Company satisfies over time. With respect to the Caliber Hospitality Trust (as defined in Note 3 – VIEs), the Company earns a fund management fee of 0.70% of the Caliber Hospitality Trust’s enterprise value and is reimbursed for certain costs incurred on behalf of the Caliber Hospitality Trust. These revenues are included in asset management revenues in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.

Financing fees are earned for services the Company performs in securing third-party financing on behalf of our private equity real estate funds. These fees are recognized at the point in time when the performance under the contract is complete, which is essentially upon closing of a loan. In addition, the Company earns fees for guarantying certain loans, representing a performance obligation that the Company satisfies over time. These revenues are included in asset management revenues in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.

Development and construction revenues from contracts with customers include fixed fee arrangements with related party affiliates to provide real estate development services as their principal developer, which include managing and supervising third-party developers and general contractors with respect to the development of the properties owned by the funds. Revenues are generally based on 4.0% of the total expected costs of the development or 4.0% of the total expected costs of the construction project. Prior to the commencement of construction, development fee revenue is recognized at a point in time as the related performance obligations are satisfied and the customer obtains control of the promised service, including negotiation, due diligence, entitlements, planning, and design activities. During the construction period, development fee revenue is recognized over time as the performance obligations are satisfied. These revenues are included in asset management revenues in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.

Brokerage fees are earned at a point in time at fixed rates for services performed related to acquisitions, dispositions, leasing, and financing transaction, and are included in asset management revenues in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.

Performance allocations are an arrangement in which we are entitled to an allocation of investment returns, generated within the investment funds which we manage, based on a contractual formula. We typically receive 15.0% to 35.0% of all cash distributions from (i) the operating cash flow of each fund, after payment to the related fund investors of any accumulated and unpaid priority preferred returns and repayment of preferred capital contributions; and (ii) the cash flow resulting from the sale or refinance of any real estate assets held by each fund, after payment to the related fund investors of any accumulated and unpaid priority preferred returns and repayment of initial preferred capital contributions. Our funds’ preferred returns range from 6.0% to 12.0%, typically 6.0% for common equity or 10.0% to 12.0% for preferred equity, which does not participate in profits. Performance allocations are related to services which have been provided and are recognized when it is determined that they are no longer probable of significant reversal, which is generally satisfied when an underlying fund investment is realized or sold. These revenues are included in performance allocations in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.

Leases

Lessor

At the inception of a new lease arrangement, including new leases that arise from amendments, the Company assesses the terms and conditions to determine the proper lease classification. When the terms of a lease effectively transfer control of the underlying asset, the lease is classified as a sales-type lease. When a lease does not effectively transfer control of the underlying asset to the lessee, but the Company obtains a guarantee for the value of the asset from a third-party, the Company classifies the lease as a direct financing lease. All other leases are classified as operating leases. The Company did not have any sales-type or direct financing leases as of December 31, 2023. For operating leases with minimum scheduled rent increases, the consolidated

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