BGSF · Read the filing

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS.

There are numerous and varied risks that may prevent us from achieving our goals, including those described below. You should carefully consider the risks described below and the other information included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, including our consolidated financial statements and related notes. If any of the events or circumstances described below were to occur, our business, the financial condition and the results of operations could be materially adversely affected. As a result, the trading price of our common stock could decline, and investors could lose part or all of their investment. The risks below are not the only risks we face. Additional risks not currently known to us or that we currently deem to be immaterial may also adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations. Past financial performance should not be considered to be a reliable indicator of future financial performance, and investors or prospects should not use historical trends to anticipate results or trends in future periods.

Risks Related to Our Company and Our Business

We operate in a highly competitive industry with low barriers to entry, and may be unable to compete successfully against existing or new competitors.

The workforce solution market is highly competitive with limited barriers to entry. We compete in national, regional and local markets with approximately 25,000 full-service and specialized workforce solution companies. We expect that the level of competition will remain high, which could limit our ability to maintain or increase our market share or profitability.

Several of our existing or potential competitors have substantially greater financial, technical and marketing resources than we do, which may enable them to:

•Develop and expand their infrastructure and service offerings more quickly and achieve greater cost savings;

•Invest in new technologies;

•Expand operations into new markets more rapidly;

•Devote greater resources to marketing;

•Compete for acquisitions more effectively and complete acquisitions more easily; and

•Aggressively price products and services and increase benefits in ways that we may not be able to match.

In order to compete effectively in our markets, we must target our potential client partners carefully, continue to improve our efficiencies and the scope and quality of our workforce solutions, and rely on our service quality, innovation, education and program clarity. If our competitive advantages are not compelling or sustainable, then we are unlikely to increase or sustain profits and our stock price could significantly decline.

In addition, heightened competition among our existing competitors, especially on a price basis, or by new entrants into the market, could create additional competitive pressures that may reduce our margins and adversely affect our business. If we fail to successfully respond to these competitive pressures or to implement our strategies effectively, our revenues or gross margins could be significantly reduced.

Our business is subject to risks associated with geographic market concentration.

Geographic revenue in excess of 10% of our consolidated revenue from continuing operations in fiscal year 2023 and the related percentage for fiscal years 2022 and 2021 was generated in the following areas:

Consequently, weakness in economic conditions in these regions could have a material adverse effect on our financial position and results of future operations.

A downturn of the U.S. or global economy could result in our client partners using fewer workforce solutions or becoming unable to pay us for our services on a timely basis or at all, which would materially adversely affect our business.

Because demand for workforce solutions is sensitive to changes in the level of economic activity, our business may suffer during economic downturns. During periods of weak economic growth or economic contraction, the demand for such workforce solutions typically declines. When demand drops, our operating profit is typically impacted unfavorably as we experience a deleveraging of our selling and administrative expense base as expenses may not decline as quickly as revenues. In periods of decline, we can only reduce selling and administrative expenses to a certain level without negatively impacting the long-term potential of our brands. Additionally, during economic downturns companies may slow the rate at which they pay their vendors, or they may become unable to pay their obligations. If our client partners become unable to pay amounts owed to us, or pay us more slowly, then our cash flow and profitability may materially suffer.

Our business depends on a strong reputation and anything that harms our reputation will likely harm our results.

As a provider of workforce solutions, as well as consultant services, our reputation is dependent upon the performance of the field talent we place with our client partners and the services rendered by our consultants. We depend on our reputation and name recognition to secure engagements and to hire qualified field talent and consultants. If our client partners become dissatisfied with the performance of those field talent or consultants or if any of those field talent or consultants engage in or are believed to have engaged in conduct that is harmful to our client partners, our ability to maintain or expand our client base may be significantly harmed. Moreover, use of our copyrights, trademarks, service marks, trade names, domain names, or other intellectual property by third parties, including but not limited to unauthorized use by third parties for criminal purposes or otherwise, even if such use is outside our reasonable control, may significantly harm our reputation or the value of our copyrights, trademarks, service marks, trade names, domain names, or other intellectual property, or subject us to legal proceedings, and therefore have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, or financial condition.

We would be adversely affected by the loss of key personnel.

Our operations and financial success depend significantly on our leadership management team and team members. The loss of any key members of this group could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We depend on our ability to attract and retain qualified field talent.

We depend on our ability to attract qualified field talent who possess the skills and experience necessary to meet the workforce solution requirements of our client partners. We must continually evaluate our base of available qualified personnel to keep pace with changing client partner needs. Competition for individuals with proven professional skills is intense, and demand for these individuals is expected to remain strong for the foreseeable future. There can be no assurance that qualified personnel will continue to be available. Our success is substantially dependent on our ability to recruit and retain qualified field talent.

Our workforce solution agreements may be terminated on short notice, leaving us vulnerable to loss of a significant amount of client partners in a short period of time.

Our workforce solution agreements with our client partners are generally cancellable by the client partners with little or no notice to us. As a result, a significant number of our client partners can terminate their agreements with us at any time, making us particularly vulnerable to a significant decrease in revenue within a short period of time that could be difficult to quickly replace.

If we are unable to retain existing client partners or attract new client partners, our results of operations could suffer.

Increasing the growth and profitability of our business is particularly dependent upon our ability to retain existing client partners and capture additional client partners. Our ability to do so is dependent upon our ability to provide high quality workforce solutions and offer competitive prices. If we are unable to execute these tasks effectively, we may not be able to attract a significant number of new client partners and our existing client partners base could decrease, either or both of which could have a materially adverse impact on our revenues.

Acquisitions and new business initiatives may not be successful.

We expect to continue making acquisitions and entering into new business initiatives, including, but not limited to, dispositions, joint ventures, and strategic investments, as part of our long-term business strategy. These acquisitions and new business initiatives involve significant challenges and risks, including that they may not advance our business strategy, that we may not realize a satisfactory return on our investment, that we may experience difficulty in integrating operations, or diversion of management’s attention from our other business. We may be unable to identify suitable acquisition candidates in the future. Moreover, acquisitions may require substantial capital needs and the incurrence of additional indebtedness which may change significantly our capitalization and results of operations. Further, these acquisitions could result in post-closing discovery of material undisclosed liabilities of the acquired business or assets, title or other defects with respect to acquired assets, discrepancies or errors in furnished financial statements or other information or breaches of representations made by the sellers, or the unexpected loss of key team members or client partners from acquired businesses. These events could cause material harm to our operating results or financial condition.

We have debt that could adversely affect our financial health and prevent us from fulfilling our obligations or put us at a competitive disadvantage.

While we believe our current debt level is reasonable, we have utilized, and expect to continue to utilize, debt for acquisitions. Our level of debt and the limitations imposed on us by our lenders could have a material impact on investors, including the requirement to use a portion of our cash flow from operations for debt service rather than for our operations and the need to comply with the various covenants associated with such debt. Additionally, we may not be able to obtain additional debt financing for future working capital, capital expenditures or other home office purposes or may have to pay more for such financing. We could also be less able to take advantage of significant business opportunities, such as acquisition opportunities, and to react to changes in market or industry conditions, or we may be disadvantaged compared to competitors with less leverage.

We have significant working capital needs and if we are unable to satisfy those needs from cash generated from our operations or borrowings under our revolving credit facility, we may not be able to meet payroll requirements.

We require significant amounts of working capital to operate our business. If we experience a significant and sustained drop in operating profits, or if there are unanticipated reductions in cash inflows or increases in cash outlays, we may be subject to cash shortfalls. If such a shortfall were to occur for even a brief period of time, it may have a significant adverse effect on our business. In particular, we use working capital to pay expenses relating to our team members and field talent and to satisfy our workers’ compensation and tax liabilities. Generally, we pay our field talent on a weekly basis while we receive payments from our client partners 30 to 90 days after billing. As a result, we must maintain sufficient cash availability to pay team members and field talent and fund related payroll liabilities prior to receiving payment from client partners.

We derive working capital for our operations through cash generated by our operating activities and borrowings under our revolving credit facility. We believe that our current sources of capital are adequate to meet our working capital needs. However, our available sources of capital are limited. If our working capital needs increase in the future, we may be forced to seek additional sources of capital, which may not be available on commercially reasonable terms, or at all.

At the end of fiscal 2023, the maximum amount we were entitled to borrow under our revolving credit facility was $41.0 million and the availability of unused funds was affected by financial, business, economic and other factors, as well as by the daily timing of cash collections and cash outflows.

We typically experience significant seasonal and other fluctuations in our borrowings and borrowing availability, and we aggressively manage our cash flow to ensure adequate funds to meet working capital needs. Such management steps include working to improve collections, adjusting the timing of cash expenditures and managing operating expenses. However, such steps may not always be successful.

Failure to comply with restrictive covenants under our credit agreement could trigger prepayment obligations or additional costs.

Our credit agreement includes various financial and other covenants with which we have to comply in order to maintain borrowing availability and avoid default interest, including minimum fixed charge coverage ratio and maximum leverage ratio.

Any future failure to comply with our covenants which may occur under our credit agreement could result in an event of default which, if not cured or waived, could trigger prepayment obligations. There can be no assurances that any lender will waive defaults that may occur in the future. If we are forced to refinance our credit agreement, there can be no assurance that such refinancing would be available or that such refinancing would not have a material adverse effect on our business and financial condition. Even if such refinancing were available, the terms could be less favorable and our results of operations and financial condition could be materially adversely affected by increased costs and interest rates.

We could be required to write-off goodwill or intangible assets in future periods if our future operating results suffer.

In accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, we are required to review our goodwill and intangible assets for impairment at least annually. Our goodwill and intangibles assets were $59.6 million and $30.4 million, respectively, at the end of fiscal year 2023. An unfavorable evaluation could cause us to write-off these assets in future periods. Any future write-offs could have a material adverse impact on our results of operations. For example, in 2023, the Board of Director approved management’s plan to rebrand as BGSF, eliminating various current trade names. See “Note 2 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” in our Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this report for additional information.

The amount of collateral that we are required to maintain to support our workers’ compensation obligations could increase, reducing the amount of capital we have available to support and grow our field operations.

We are contractually obligated to collateralize our workers’ compensation obligations under our workers’ compensation program through irrevocable letters of credit, surety bonds or cash. Our workers’ compensation program renews annually on January 1 of each year, and as part of the renewal, collateral is adjusted to reflect current operating levels. These collateral requirements are significant and place pressure on our liquidity and working capital capacity. We believe that our current sources of liquidity are adequate to satisfy our immediate needs for these obligations; however, our available sources of capital are limited. Depending on future changes in collateral requirements, we could be required to seek additional sources of capital in the future, which may not be available on commercially reasonable terms, or at all.

We are dependent on workers’ compensation insurance coverage at commercially reasonable terms.

We provide workers’ compensation insurance for our team members and field talent. Our workers’ compensation insurance policies are renewed annually. We cannot be certain we will be able to obtain appropriate types or levels of insurance in the future or that adequate replacement policies will be available on commercially reasonable terms. The loss of our workers’ compensation insurance coverage would prevent us from doing business in the majority of our markets. Further, we cannot be certain that our current and former insurance carriers will be able to pay claims we make under such policies. The loss of workers’ compensation insurance could have a material adverse effect on our financial position and results of operations.

Because we assume the obligation to make wage, tax and regulatory payments in respect of our team members and field talent, we are exposed to client partner credit risks.

We generally assume responsibility for and manage the risks associated with our team members and field talent payroll obligations, including liability for payment of salaries and wages (including payroll taxes), as well as group health and retirement benefits. These obligations are fixed, whether or not the client partner makes payments required by our workforce solutions agreement, which exposes us to credit risks. We attempt to mitigate this risk by generally invoicing our client partners

weekly and having a high number of client partners who are geographically and industry diverse. We also carefully monitor the timeliness of our client partners’ payments and impose strict credit standards on our client partners. If we fail to successfully manage our credit risk, we may suffer significant losses which would decrease our profitability.

Our business is subject to foreign, federal, state and local labor and employment laws and a failure to comply could materially harm our business.

We are subject to regulation by numerous foreign, federal, state and local regulatory agencies, including but not limited to the U.S. Department of Labor, which sets employment practice standards for workers, and similar state and local agencies. We are subject to the laws and regulations of the jurisdictions within which we operate. While the specific laws and regulations vary among these jurisdictions, some require some form of licensing and often have statutory requirements for workplace safety and notice of change in obligation of workers’ compensation coverage in the event of contract termination. Compliance with these requirements imposes some additional financial risk on us, particularly with respect to those client partners who breach their payment obligation to us. Any inability or failure to comply with government regulation could materially harm our business. Increased government regulation of the workplace or of the employer-employee relationship, or judicial or administrative proceedings related to such regulation, could also materially harm our business.

The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act and the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act of 2010 (collectively, the “Health Care Reform Laws”) include various health-related provisions that took effect during 2014 and established new regulations on health plans. Although the Health Care Reform Laws do not mandate that employers offer health insurance, beginning in 2015 tax penalties were assessed on employers who do not offer health insurance that meets certain affordability or benefit requirements. A portion of the 2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act became effective in 2019 reducing the penalty to zero that requires most individuals to have health insurance, which effectively repealed the Health Care Reform Laws requirement. However, some states have begun proceedings to keep these mandates intact through state legislation. Unless modified by regulations or subsequent legislation, the payment of tax penalties if such coverage is not adequate, may increase our costs. Without the individual mandate, more individuals might decline coverage, which could have an impact on employer premiums. If we are unable to raise the rates we charge our client partners to cover these costs, such increases in costs could materially harm our business.

In addition, certain of our client partners may require that we indemnify them against losses in the event that the client partner is determined to be non-compliant with the Health Care Reform Laws with respect to one or more of our field talent assigned to such client partner. While we have not received notice from any client partner that acts or omissions by us may have resulted in losses to the client partner relating to non-compliance with the Health Care Reform Laws, any future liabilities that may be incurred by us pursuant to any such indemnification provisions could materially and adversely affect our results of operations.

It is likely that the U.S. Congress will continue to seek to modify, repeal, or otherwise invalidate all, or certain provisions of, the Health Care Reform Laws. It is unclear at this point what the scope of any future such legislation will be and when it will become effective. Because of the uncertainty surrounding this replacement health care reform legislation, we cannot predict with any certainty the likely impact of the Health Care Reform Laws’ repeal or the adoption of any other health care reform legislation on our financial condition or operating results. Whether or not there is alternative health care legislation enacted in the U.S., there is likely to be significant disruption to the health care market in the coming months and years and the costs of our health care expenditures may increase.

We may be exposed to employment-related claims and losses, including class action lawsuits, which could have a material adverse effect on our business.

Workforce solution providers typically assign personnel in the workplaces of other businesses. The risks of these activities include possible claims relating to:

•discrimination and harassment;

•wrongful termination or denial of employment;

•violations of employment rights related to employment screening or privacy issues;

•classification of field talent;

•assignment of illegal aliens;

•violations of wage and hour requirements;

•retroactive entitlement to field talent benefits;

•errors and omissions by our field talent;

•misuse of client partners proprietary information;

•misappropriation of funds;

•damage to client partners facilities due to negligence of field talent; and

•criminal activity.

We may incur fines and other losses or negative publicity with respect to these claims. In addition, these claims may give rise to litigation, which could be time-consuming and expensive. New employment and labor laws and regulations may be proposed or adopted that may increase the potential exposure of employers to employment-related claims and litigation. There can be no assurance that the policies we have in place to help reduce our exposure to these risks will be effective or that we will not experience losses as a result of these risks. There can also be no assurance that the insurance policies we have purchased to insure against certain risks will be adequate or that insurance coverage will remain available on commercially reasonable terms or be sufficient in amount or scope of coverage.

U.S. federal tax regulations and interpretations could adversely affect us.

On December 22, 2017, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “TCJA”) was signed into law. Notwithstanding the reduction in the corporate income tax rate, the overall impact of these changes on our results of operations will likely evolve as new regulations and interpretations relating to the TCJA are implemented. In addition, various political figures have pledged their support to overturning or modifying key aspects of the TCJA which could further increase the uncertainty relating to the impact of this or any future tax legislation on our results of operations.

Natural disasters and unusual weather conditions, pandemic outbreaks, terrorist acts, global political events and other serious catastrophic events could disrupt business and otherwise materially adversely affect our business and financial condition.

With operations in many states, we are subject to numerous risks outside of our control, including risks arising from natural disasters, such as fires, earthquakes, hurricanes, floods, tornadoes, unusual weather conditions, pandemic outbreaks and other health emergencies, terrorist acts or disruptive political events, or similar disruptions that could materially adversely affect our business and financial performance. Our operations are often dependent on the ability of team members, field talent and consultants to travel from business to business and from location to location. Any public health emergencies, including a real or potential pandemic such as those caused by the avian flu, SARS, Ebola, COVID-19, or even a particularly virulent flu, could decrease demand for our workforce solutions and our ability to offer them. Uncharacteristic or significant weather conditions can affect travel and the ability of businesses to remain open, which could lead to decreased ability to offer our workforce solutions and materially adversely affect our short-term results of operations. Although we cannot predict such events or their consequences, these events could materially adversely affect our stock price, reputation, business and financial condition.

Risks Related to Our Information Technology, Cybersecurity and Data Protection

Our results of operations and ability to grow could be materially negatively affected if we cannot successfully keep pace with technological changes impacting the development and implementation of our workforce solutions and the evolving needs of our client partners.

Our success depends on our ability to keep pace with rapid technological changes affecting both the development and implementation of our workforce solutions and the needs of our client partners. Technological advances such as artificial intelligence, machine learning, and automation are impacting industries served by all our lines of business. In addition, our business relies on a variety of technologies, including those that support hiring and tracking, order management, billing, and client data analytics. If we do not sufficiently invest in new technology and industry developments, appropriately implement new technologies, or evolve our business at sufficient speed and scale in response to such developments, or if we do not make the right strategic investments to respond to these developments, our workforce solutions, results of operations, and ability to develop and maintain our business could be negatively affected.

We are dependent upon technology services, and if we experience damage, service interruptions or failures in our computer and telecommunications systems, or if our security measures are breached, our client partner and field talent relationships and our ability to attract new client partners may be adversely affected.

Our business could be interrupted by damage to or disruption of our computer, telecommunications equipment, or software systems, some of which are managed by third-party vendors, and we may lose data. Our client partners’ businesses may be adversely affected by any system or equipment failure we experience. As a result of any of the foregoing, our relationships with our client partners may be impaired, we may lose client partners, our ability to attract new client partners may be adversely affected and we could be exposed to contractual liability. Precautions in place to protect us from, or minimize the effect of, such

events may not be adequate. In addition, our business involves the storage and transmission of field talent or client partners’ proprietary information, and security breaches, computer viruses or cyber-attacks, including attacks motivated by grievances against the business industry in general or against us in particular, could expose us to a risk of loss of this information, litigation and possible liability. If our security measures are breached as a result of third-party action, field talent error, malfeasance or otherwise, and, as a result, someone obtains unauthorized access to client partner data, our reputation may be damaged, we may be subject to government sanctions, our business may suffer and we could incur significant liability. Techniques used to obtain unauthorized access or to sabotage systems change frequently and are growing increasingly sophisticated. As a result, we may be unable to anticipate these techniques or to implement adequate preventative measures. If an actual or perceived breach of our security occurs, we could be liable and the market perception of our workforce solutions could be harmed or result in increased costs or loss of revenue. The potential risk of security breaches and cyber-attacks may increase as we introduce new workforce solution offerings.

We maintain insurance with respect to many of such claims; however, there can be no assurance that we will continue to be able to obtain insurance at a cost that does not have a material adverse effect upon us or that such claims (whether by reason of us not having sufficient insurance or by reason of such claims being outside the scope of our insurance) will not have a material adverse effect upon us.

Changes in data privacy and protection laws and regulations in respect of control of personal information could increase our costs or otherwise adversely impact our operations.

In the ordinary course of business, we collect, use, and retain personal information from our team members, field talent candidates, and contractors, including, without limitation, full names, government-issued identification numbers, addresses, birth dates, and payroll-related information. The possession and use of personal information in conducting our business subjects us to a variety of complex and evolving laws and regulations regarding data privacy, protection and security, which, in many cases, apply not only to third-party transactions, but also to transfers of information among us and our subsidiaries. Complying with the enhanced obligations and future laws and regulations relating to data transfer, residency, privacy and protection has increased and may continue to increase our operating costs and require significant management time and attention, while any failure by us or our subsidiaries to comply with applicable laws could result in governmental enforcement actions, fines, and other penalties that could potentially have a material adverse effect on our operations and reputation.

Risks Related to the Ownership of Our Securities

An investment in our common stock should be considered high risk.

An investment in our common stock requires a long-term commitment, with no certainty of return. Investment banks may not agree to underwrite primary or secondary offerings on behalf of our company or its stockholders in the future. If all or any of the foregoing risks occur, it would have a material adverse effect on our company.

We cannot predict whether an active trading market for our common stock will continue. Even if an active trading market continues, the market price of our common stock may remain volatile.

In the absence of an active trading market:

•you may have difficulty buying and selling our common stock at all or at the price you consider reasonable;

•market visibility for shares of our common stock may be limited, which may have a depressive effect on the market price for shares of our common stock and on our ability to raise capital or make acquisitions by issuing our common stock.

Even if an active market for our common stock continues, of which no assurances can be given, the market price for our common stock may be volatile and subject to wide fluctuations in response to factors including the following:

•actual or anticipated fluctuations in our quarterly or annual operating results;

•changes in financial or operational estimates or projections;

•changes in the economic performance or market valuations of companies similar to ours;

•conditions in markets generally;

•sales of significant amounts of our common stock; and

•general economic or political conditions in the United States or elsewhere.

The securities market has from time to time experienced significant price and volume fluctuations that are not related to the operating performance of particular companies. These market fluctuations may also materially and adversely affect the market price of shares of our common stock.

We will likely issue additional common stock in the future, which would dilute the holdings of our existing stockholders.

In the future we may issue additional securities up to our total authorized and unissued amounts, including shares of our common stock or securities convertible into or exchangeable or exercisable for our common stock, resulting in the dilution of the ownership interests of our stockholders. We may issue additional shares of our common stock or securities convertible into or exchangeable or exercisable for our common stock in connection with hiring or retaining personnel, option exercises, 2020 ESPP purchases, future acquisitions or future placements of our securities for capital-raising or other business purposes. Moreover, the exercise of our existing outstanding stock options, which are exercisable for or convertible into shares of our common stock, would dilute our existing common stockholders.

Our compliance with complicated regulations concerning corporate governance and public disclosure has resulted and may in the future result in additional expenses.

We are faced with expensive, complicated and evolving disclosure, governance and compliance laws, regulations and standards relating to corporate governance and public disclosure, including the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, which we refer to as the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, and the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act. New or changing laws, regulations and standards are subject to varying interpretations in many cases due to their lack of specificity, and, as a result, their application in practice may evolve over time as new guidance is provided by regulatory and governing bodies, which could result in continuing uncertainty regarding compliance matters and higher costs necessitated by ongoing revisions to disclosure and governance practices. As a result, our efforts to comply with evolving laws, regulations and standards of a public company are likely to continue to result in increased general and administrative expenses and a diversion of management time and attention from revenue-generating activities to compliance activities.

Our failure to comply with all laws, rules and regulations applicable to U.S. public companies could subject us or our management to regulatory scrutiny or sanction, which could harm our reputation and stock price.

There may be limitations on the effectiveness of our internal controls, and a failure of our control systems to prevent error or fraud may materially harm our company.

Proper systems of internal controls over financial reporting and disclosure are critical to the operation of a public company. Should such systems fail to detect or prevent error or fraud, it would leave us without the ability to reliably compile financial information about our company and significantly impair our ability to prevent or detect errors and fraud, all of which would have a negative impact on our company from many perspectives.

Moreover, we do not expect that disclosure controls or internal control over financial reporting, even if established, will prevent all errors and fraud. A control system, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the control system’s objectives will be met. Further, the design of a control system must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints and the benefits of controls must be considered relative to their costs. Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, have been detected. Failure of our control systems to prevent and detect errors or fraud could materially adversely impact us.

We cannot be sure we will pay dividends in the future, and consequently, your ability to achieve a return on your investment will depend on appreciation in the price of our common stock.

While we have declared and paid dividends for the prior thirty-seven quarterly periods, we are limited in our ability to pay dividends by our credit agreement, and therefore, we cannot be certain if we will pay any cash dividends to holders of our common stock in the future. Any future determination with respect to the payment of dividends will be at the discretion of our board of directors and will be dependent upon, among other things, our financial condition, results of operations, capital requirements, the terms of our then existing indebtedness, contractual restrictions, future prospects, general economic conditions and other factors considered relevant by our board of directors. Consequently, investors must rely on sales of their common stock after price appreciation, which may never occur, as the only way to realize any future gains on their investments. There is no guarantee that shares of our common stock will appreciate in value or even maintain the price at which our stockholders have purchased their shares.

Upon dissolution of our company, you may not recoup all or any portion of your investment.

In the event of a liquidation, dissolution or winding-up of our company, whether voluntary or involuntary, the proceeds and/or assets of our company remaining after giving effect to such transaction, and the payment of all of our debts and liabilities will be distributed to the stockholders of common stock on a pro rata basis. There can be no assurance that we will have available assets to pay to the holders of common stock, or any amounts, upon such a liquidation, dissolution or winding-up of our company. In this event, you could lose some or all of your investment.

Certain provisions of our organizational documents may make it difficult for stockholders to change the composition of our board of directors and may discourage hostile takeover attempts that some of our stockholders may consider to be beneficial.

Certain provisions of our certificate of incorporation and bylaws may have the effect of delaying or preventing changes in control if our board of directors determines that such changes in control are not in the best interests of us and our stockholders. The provisions in such certificate of incorporation and bylaws include, among other things, the following:

•a classified board of directors with three-year staggered terms;

•the ability of our board of directors to issue shares of preferred stock and to determine the price and other terms, including preferences and voting rights, of those shares without stockholder approval;

•stockholder action can only be taken at a special or regular meeting and not by written consent except in limited circumstances;

•advance notice procedures for nominating candidates to our board of directors or presenting matters at stockholder meetings;

•removal of directors only for cause;

•allowing only our board of directors to fill vacancies on our board of directors or increase the size of our board of directors; and

•super-majority voting requirements to amend certain provisions of our certificate of incorporation.

We have elected in our certificate of incorporation not to be subject to Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law (the “DGCL”), a statutory provision that may have the effect of delaying, hindering or preventing some takeovers of our company. In general, Section 203 prohibits a publicly held Delaware corporation from engaging in a business combination, such as a merger, with a person or group owning 15% or more of the corporation’s voting stock for a period of three years following the date the person became an “interested stockholder,” unless (with certain exceptions) the business combination or the transaction in which the person became an “interested stockholder” is approved in a prescribed manner. Accordingly, we will not be subject to any anti-takeover effects of Section 203. Our certificate of incorporation contains provisions that have the same effect as Section 203, except that they generally provide that Taglich Private Equity LLC, Taglich Brothers, Inc. or any of their respective affiliates or associates, including any investment funds or portfolio companies managed by any of the foregoing, or any other person with whom any of the foregoing act as a group for the purpose of acquiring, voting or disposing of our shares, or any person that becomes an interested stockholder as a result of a transfer of 5% or more of our voting stock by the forgoing persons to such person, will be excluded from the “interested stockholder” definition in our certificate of incorporation and will therefore not be subject to the restrictions set forth therein that have the same effect as Section 203.

While these provisions have the effect of encouraging persons seeking to acquire control of our company to negotiate with our board of directors, they could enable the board of directors to hinder or frustrate a transaction that some, or a majority, of the stockholders might believe to be in their best interests and, in that case, may prevent or discourage attempts to remove and replace incumbent directors.

These provisions may frustrate or prevent any attempts by our stockholders to replace or remove our current management by making it more difficult for stockholders to replace members of our board of directors, which is responsible for appointing the members of our management.

ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS.

None.

ITEM 1C. CYBERSECURITY.

Our broader information security program aims to secure our systems, keep our business running, and protect our client partners, field talent, team members, and shareholders from vulnerabilities and threats by protecting against, detecting, and recovering from cybersecurity incidents. With oversight from our Board, the Audit Committee, and management, we have put proactive measures and systems in place in an effort to protect our information assets from unauthorized use or access. Our cybersecurity framework is based on the National Institute of Standards and Technology (“NIST”).

Management Oversight

Our CIO and key members of senior management are accountable for our cybersecurity and data privacy programs and is supported by the Board of the Directors (the “Board”). Our CIO has extensive information technology and program management experience and has served many years in our corporate information security organization. Under the guidance of the Board, the CIO manages day-to-day operations of the security and data privacy functions and proposes changes to our cybersecurity strategy, which is part of our overall information technology strategy. The CIO and the Board meet frequently to discuss cyber and data operations, privacy programs and risks.

Our IT department monitors and manages system infrastructure in an effort to protect us against threats. Our cybersecurity process considers risks from many sources including, but not limited to, alerts, threat intelligence sources, risk assessments, and vulnerability management. Our cybersecurity process includes a risk assessment procedure, a risk evaluation procedure, and a third-party partner to strengthen our cybersecurity controls. These controls are designed to block and/or provide alerts on suspicious activities. Our security team responds as appropriate to risks identified.

Board Oversight

The Board is actively engaged in the oversight of cybersecurity and data privacy. On a quarterly basis, the Board receives updates on (a) our progress on security improvement objectives, (b) relevant reported cybersecurity internal incidents and the global evolving risks, and (c) results of work performed by our third-party information security partner. We engage subject matter experts in conducting independent assessments of our cybersecurity program maturity, penetration tests, and other tests and assessments.

Third-Party Vendor Management

Many of our information technology systems and networks are cloud-based or managed by third parties, whose future performance and reliability we cannot control. The risk of a cyberattack or security breach on a third party carries the same risks to us as those associated with our internal systems. We seek to reduce these risks by performing significant vendor due diligence procedures prior to engaging with any third-party vendor who will have access to sensitive data. Additionally, we require annual audits of certain third parties’ information technology processes.

We face risks from cybersecurity threats that could have a material adverse effect on our business strategy. See “Risks Related to Our Information Technology, Cybersecurity and Data Protection” in Part 1, Item 1A. Risk Factors of this report for a discussion of these risks. With respect to our cybersecurity process, we are not aware of any material breach to date.

ITEM 2. PROPERTIES.

Our home office is located at 5850 Granite Parkway, Suite 730, Plano, Texas 75024, and our telephone number is 972-692-2400. We lease our home office, which is approximately 6,200 square feet of space. In the U.S., we operate across 46 states and D.C. We lease all of our offices, which are primarily located throughout in the U.S., through operating leases with terms that range from six months to five years. We also have month to month leases. We believe that our facilities are adequate for our current needs.

ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS.

From time to time we have been threatened with, or named as a defendant in, litigation, administrative claims and lawsuits. We carry insurance to mitigate potential liabilities associated therewith. The principal risks that we insure against, subject to and upon the terms and conditions of our various insurance policies, are workers’ compensation, general liability, automobile liability, property damage, professional liability, employment practices, crime and cyber risk, directors and officer liability, umbrella and excess, fiduciary liability, and fidelity losses. As of the date of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, management believes that the resolution of these matters will not have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial statements.

ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE.

Not applicable.

PART II

Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related StockholderMatters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities.

Stock Performance Graph

The following graph compares, through December 31, 2023, the cumulative total return of the Company’s common stock, a peer group index of certain publicly traded workforce solutions companies, and the Russell 3000. The graph assumes the investment of $100 at the beginning of the period depicted in the chart and reinvestment of all dividends. Note that historic stock price performance is not necessarily indicative of future stock price performance. The following graph and related information shall not be deemed “soliciting material” or to be “filed” with the SEC, nor shall such information be incorporated by reference into any filing under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act, except to the extent that we specifically incorporate it by reference into such filing.

Periodically, we review companies within our peer group and decide if we need to make any changes. The peer group index represents the cumulative total return of BGSF and similar corporations providing field talent or permanent employment workforce solutions. Our peer group includes: GEE Group, Mastech Digital, Resources Connection, Inc., and Staffing 360 Solutions.

Market Information and Holders

Our common stock commenced listing on the NYSE on November 14, 2019 under the symbol “BGSF,” was listed on the NYSE American from October 27, 2014 to November 13, 2019 under the symbol “BGSF” and was quoted on the OTC Bulletin Board, or OTCBB, under the symbol “BGSF” from April 30, 2014 to October 27, 2014. Prior to the quotation of our common stock on the OTCBB, there was no public market for our common stock. The table below contains the market range of high and low prices for our common stock.

Quarter Ended: High Low

As of February 7, 2024, our common stock closing price was $10.24 per share.

As of February 7, 2024, there were approximately 2,522 holders of record of our common stock.

Dividends

The board of directors has declared and we have paid the following cash dividends during the fiscal years ended 2023, 2022, and 2021:

Declared Date Record Date Distribution Date Dividend per Share Amount Paid

On February 7, 2024, the Company’s board of directors declared a cash dividend in the amount of $0.15 per share of common stock to be paid on February 27, 2024 to all shareholders of record as of the close of business on February 20, 2024.

Our ability to pay dividends is restricted under the terms of our credit agreement and may be restricted under other agreements governing our outstanding indebtedness from time to time. Any future determination with respect to the payment of dividends, including whether to declare a dividend, and, if so, the amount thereof, will be at the discretion of our board of directors and will be dependent upon, among other things, our financial condition, results of operations, capital requirements, the terms of our then existing indebtedness, contractual restrictions, future prospects, general economic conditions and other factors considered relevant by our board of directors.

Equity Compensation Plans

The following equity compensation plan information is provided as of December 31, 2023:

Equity Compensation Plans Approved by Security Holders

A description of the equity compensation plan is incorporated by reference to Note 16 in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8 in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities

In December 2022, we issued 254,455 shares of common stock in a private placement for a value of $3.3 million, and a convertible two-year promissory note of $4.4 million with an annual interest rate of 6% that is convertible into common shares at any time after one year at a conversion price of $17.12 per share at the closing of the Horn Solutions acquisition.

The foregoing issuance of securities was exempt from registration pursuant to Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

Share Repurchases

During 2023, we repurchased 2,085 shares of the Company’s common stock at a cost of $19,019 and a weighted average price of $9.69 upon the vesting of restricted stock to satisfy statutory minimum tax withholding requirements. During 2022, there were no stock repurchases.

Item 6. Selected Financial Data

The following tables set forth our summary consolidated historical financial data from continuing operations. You should read the information set forth below in conjunction with “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and our consolidated historical financial statements and notes thereto included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. The statement of operations data for the fiscal years ended 2023, 2022, and 2021 and the balance sheet data as of December 31, 2023 and January 1, 2023 set forth below are derived from our audited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. The statement of operations data for the fiscal years ended 2020 and 2019 and the balance sheet data as of December 26, 2021, December 27, 2020, and December 29, 2019 set forth below were derived from our audited financial statements not included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Fiscal Years Ended

(dollars in thousands, except per share data)

Statement of Operations Data:

Gain on contingent consideration $ — $ — $ (2,403) $ (76) $ —

Impairment losses $ 22,545 $ — $ — $ 7,240 $ —

Loss on extinguishment of debt $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 541

Net (loss) income per share - basic:

Income from discontinued operations:

Gain on Sale — 1.69 — — —

Net (loss) income per share - diluted:

Income from discontinued operations:

Gain on Sale — 1.69 — — —

Fiscal Years Ended

(dollars in thousands, except per share data)

Other Financial Data:

Balance Sheet Data from Continuing Operations:

(1)We present Adjusted EBITDA and Same Day EBITDA (defined below), measure that are not in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“non-GAAP”), in this Annual Report on Form 10-K to provide investors with a supplemental measure of our operating performance. We believe that Adjusted EBITDA and Same Day EBITDA are useful performance measures and are used by us to facilitate comparisons of our operating performance on a consistent basis from period-to-period and to provide for a more complete understanding of factors and trends affecting our business than measures under accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) can provide alone. Our board and management also use Adjusted EBITDA and Same Day EBITDA as one of the primary methods for planning and forecasting overall expected performance and for evaluating on a quarterly and annual basis actual results against such expectations, and as a performance evaluation metric in determining achievement of certain compensation programs and plans for our management. In addition, the financial covenants in our credit agreement are based on EBITDA as defined in the credit agreement.

(2)The 2023 working capital amount includes the movement of the balances from long-term to current liabilities related to the amended credit agreement with BMO Harris Bank, N.A. (“BMO”), which had a maturity date of July 16, 2024.

We define “Adjusted EBITDA” as earnings before interest expense, income taxes, depreciation and amortization expense, impairment losses, transaction fees, and certain non-cash expenses such as share-based compensation expense. Omitting interest, taxes and the other items provides a financial measure that facilitates comparisons of our results of operations with those of companies having different capital structures. Since the levels of indebtedness and tax structures that other companies have are different from ours, we omit these amounts to facilitate investors’ ability to make these comparisons. Similarly, we omit depreciation and amortization because other companies may employ a greater or lesser amount of property and intangible assets. We also believe that investors, analysts, and other interested parties view our ability to generate Adjusted EBITDA as an important measure of our operating performance and that of other companies in our industry. Adjusted EBITDA should not be considered as an alternative to net income for the periods indicated as a measure of our performance. Other companies in our industry may calculate Adjusted EBITDA differently than we do, limiting its usefulness as a comparative measure.

We define “Same Day EBITDA” as Adjusted EBITDA on a fifty-two week fiscal year basis. Omitting the additional revenue days in a fifty-three week fiscal year ended provides a financial measure that facilitates comparisons of our results of operations with those of our fifty-two week fiscal year and comparisons of our results with those companies having same number of days. Same Day EBITDA should not be considered as an alternative to net income for the periods indicated as a measure of our performance. Other companies in our industry may calculate Adjusted EBITDA or Same Day EBITDA differently than we do, limiting their usefulness as comparative measures.

The use of Adjusted EBITDA and Same Day EBITDA have limitations as analytical tools, and you should not consider these performance measure in isolation from, or as an alternative to, GAAP measures such as net income. Adjusted EBITDA and Same Day EBITDA are not measures of liquidity under GAAP or otherwise, and are not alternatives to cash flow from continuing operating activities. Our presentation of Adjusted EBITDA and Same Day EBITDA should not be construed as an inference that our future results will be unaffected by the expenses that are excluded from that term or by unusual or non-recurring items. The limitations of Adjusted EBITDA and Same Day EBITDA include: (i) they do not reflect our cash expenditures or future requirements for capital expenditures or contractual commitments; (ii) they do not reflect changes in, or cash requirements for, our working capital needs; (iii) they do not reflect income tax payments we may be required to make;

and (iv) they do not reflect the cash requirements necessary to service interest or principal payments associated with indebtedness.

To properly and prudently evaluate our business, we encourage you to review our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K and the reconciliation to Adjusted EBITDA and Same Day EBITDA from net income, the most directly comparable financial measure presented in accordance with GAAP, set forth in the following table. All of the items included in the reconciliation from net income to Adjusted EBITDA are either (i) non-cash items or (ii) items that management does not consider in assessing our on-going operating performance. In the case of the non-cash items, management believes that investors may find it useful to assess our comparative operating performance because the measures without such items are less susceptible to variances in actual performance resulting from depreciation, amortization and other non-cash charges and more reflective of other factors that affect operating performance. In the case of the other items that management does not consider in assessing our on-going operating performance, management believes that investors may find it useful to assess our operating performance if the measures are presented without these items because their financial impact may not reflect ongoing operating performance.

Fiscal Years Ended

(dollars in thousands)

Loss on extinguishment of debt — — — — 541

Gain on contingent consideration — — (2,403) (76) —

CARES Act credit — — (2,084) — —

Same day adjustment — (410) — — —

(1)2020 Included a $3.3 million re-measurement of the net deferred tax assets as a result of the TCJA.

(2)In the Professional segment, we recognized a $3.7 million trade name impairment loss and a $3.5 million client partner list impairment loss during the thirteen week period ended June 28, 2020. We recognized a $22.5 million trade name impairment loss during the thirteen week period ended April 2, 2023.

Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition andResults of Operations.

The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations from continuing operations, our expectations regarding the future performance of our business and the other non-historical statements in the discussion and analysis are forward-looking statements. See “Forward-Looking Statements” in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. These forward-looking statements are subject to risks, uncertainties and other factors including those described in “Item 1A. Risk Factors” of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Our actual results of operations may differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements. You should read the following discussion together with our audited consolidated financial statements and related notes thereto and other financial information included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Financial information provided is based on the results of our continuing operations. Please refer to “Note 4 — Discontinued Operations” of our audited consolidated financial statements for information regarding our discontinued operations.

Our historical financial information may not be indicative of our future performance.

Company Overview

We provide workforce solutions to our client partners in a variety of industries through our various divisions in IT, Finance & Accounting, Managed Solutions, and Property Management (apartment communities and commercial buildings) and have completed a series of acquisitions including the acquisition of BG Personnel, LP and B G Staff Services Inc. in June 2010, substantially all of the assets of JNA Staffing, Inc. in December 2010, Extrinsic, LLC in December 2011, American Partners, Inc. in December 2012, InStaff in June 2013, D&W in March 2015, VTS in October 2015, Zycron in April 2017, Smart in September 2017, and LJK in December 2019, 100% of the equity of EdgeRock in February 2020, Momentum Solutionz in February 2021, Horn Solutions in 2022, and Arroyo Consulting in 2023. We have continuing operations in two industry segments Property Management and Professional, and had discontinued operations in the Light Industrial segment. We primarily operate within the United States of America.

On March 21, 2022, we sold substantially all of the assets and certain liabilities of InStaff to Sentech Engineering Services, Inc. The Light Industrial segment provided field talent primarily to manufacturing, distribution, logistics, and call center client partners needing a flexible workforce. The InStaff financial results for periods prior to the sale have been reflected in our Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive (Loss) Income and Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows as discontinued operations. See “Note 4 — Discontinued Operations” of our audited consolidated financial statements for information regarding our discontinued operations.

The Property Management segment provides office and maintenance talent in 38 states and D.C., to property management companies responsible for the apartment communities’ and commercial buildings’ day-to-day operations.

The Professional segment provides specialized talent and business consultants for information technology (“IT”), managed services, finance, accounting, legal and human resource. The segment operates across the U.S. in three divisions, IT, Managed Solutions, and Finance & Accounting, with the IT division providing additional nearshore and offshore solutions in Colombia and India.

Results of Operations

The following tables summarize key components of our results from continuing operations for the periods indicated, both in dollars and as a percentage of revenues, and have been derived from our consolidated financial statements.

Fiscal Year Ended

(dollars in thousands)

Gain on contingent consideration — — (2,403)

Impairment losses 22,545 — —

Income tax benefit (expense) from continuing operations 2,938 (3,659) (2,639)

Income from discontinued operations:

Fiscal Year Ended

Selling, general and administrative expenses 28.3 27.8 27.2

Gain on contingent consideration — — (1.0)

Impairment losses 7.2 — —

Depreciation and amortization 2.5 1.4 1.5

Operating (loss) income (2.3) 5.5 6.1

Interest expense, net 1.9 0.5 0.6

(Loss) income from continuing operations before income taxes (4.2) 5.0 5.5

Income tax benefit (expense) from continuing operations 0.9 (1.2) (1.1)

(Loss) income from continuing operations (3.3) % 3.8 % 4.4 %

Fifty-two Week Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2023 (Fiscal 2023) Compared with Fifty-three Week Fiscal Year Ended January 1, 2023 (Fiscal 2022)

Revenues:

Fiscal Year Ended

(dollars in thousands)

Revenues by Segment:

Property Management Revenues: Property Management revenues increased approximately $4.0 million (3.3%), primarily due to an 8.5% increase in average bill rate.

Professional Revenues: Professional revenues increased approximately $10.8 million (6.1%). The 2023 Arroyo Consulting acquisition contributed $14.8 million of new revenues. The Horn Solutions acquisition, which was integrated with the organic business, added revenue that was not enough to offset the decline in the existing professional business. Horn Solutions and the existing professional business declined $4.1 million (2.3%), primarily due to fewer hours billed and lower permanent placement revenue.

Gross Profit:

Gross profit represents revenues from workforce solutions less cost of services expenses, which consist of payroll, payroll taxes, payroll-related insurance, field talent costs, and reimbursable costs.

Fiscal Year Ended

(dollars in thousands)

Gross Profit by Segment:

Fiscal Year Ended

Gross Profit Percentage by Segment:

Property Management 39.8 % 39.4 %

Company Gross Profit Percentage 35.7 % 34.7 %

Total gross profit increased approximately $8.2 million (8.0%). As a percentage of revenue, gross profit has increased to 35.7% from 34.7%, with both segments contributing to the increase.

Property Management Gross Profit: Property Management gross profit increased approximately $2.1 million (4.4%), consistent with a 3.3% increase in revenues, partially offset by lower permanent placement revenue, which has no cost of services.

Professional Gross Profit: Professional gross profit increased approximately $6.1 million (11.0%). The Arroyo Consulting acquisition contributed $5.1 million in gross profit. The Horn Solutions acquisition, which was integrated with the organic business, added growth to offset the decline experienced in the existing professional business.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses: Selling, general and administrative (“SGA”) expenses increased $5.4 million (6.5%) versus prior year. The overall increase slightly outpaced revenue growth adding 40 bps to total SGA expense as a percent of revenue. Acquisition transaction fees increased $0.7 million over the prior year.

Fiscal Year Ended

Amount % of Revenue Amount % of Revenue $Change %Change

(dollars in thousands)

Impairment losses: In Fiscal 2023, managements’s plan to eliminate the use of various trade names was approved by the Board of Directors. The decision to rebrand as BGSF created a $22.5 million write-off in trade names.

Depreciation and Amortization: Depreciation and amortization charges increased $3.7 million (91.8%). The increase in deprecation and amortization is primarily due to the amortization of intangible assets related to the 2022 Horn Solutions acquisition and the 2023 Arroyo Consulting acquisition.

Interest Expense, net: Interest expense, net increased $4.6 million primarily due to the increased debt balances related to the 2022 Horn Solutions acquisition, the 2023 Arroyo Consulting acquisition, and higher interest rates.

Income Taxes: We recorded a tax benefit of approximately $2.9 million primarily due impairment losses on the trade names in the first quarter versus a tax expense of $3.7 million in 2022.

Non-GAAP Same Day Revenues: Same Day Revenues are defined as a fifty-three week fiscal year ended January 1, 2023 (Fiscal 2022) revenues less five revenue days. The Fiscal 2022 revenues of $298.4 million would be less $5.9 million for five revenue days resulting in Same Day Revenues of $292.5 million. Same Day Revenues increased $20.7 million (7.1%) to $313.2 million in Fiscal 2023. Same Day Revenues and GAAP revenues were equal for Fiscal 2023.

Non-GAAP Same Day Gross Profit: Same Day Gross Profit is defined as a fifty-three week fiscal year ended January 1, 2023 (Fiscal 2022) gross profit less five gross profit days. The Fiscal 2022 gross profit of $103.5 million would be less $2.1 million for five gross profit days resulting in Same Day Gross Profit of $101.5 million. Same Day Gross Profit increased $10.3 million (10.2%) to $111.8 million in Fiscal 2023. Same Day Gross Profit and GAAP gross profit were equal for Fiscal 2023.

Fifty-three Week Fiscal Year Ended January 1, 2023 (Fiscal 2022) Compared with Fifty-two Week Fiscal Year Ended December 26, 2021 (Fiscal 2021)

Revenues:

Fiscal Year Ended

(dollars in thousands)

Revenues by Segment:

Property Management Revenues: Property Management revenues increased approximately $29.1 million (31.6%). The increase was primarily due to an 11.0% increase in average bill rate.

Professional Revenues: Professional revenues increased approximately $30.3 million (20.6%), primarily due to growth in the IT division of $27.6 million, the 2022 Horn Solutions acquisition which contributed $1.4 million of new revenues, and an increase of 11.8% in the average bill rate.

Gross Profit:

Fiscal Year Ended

(dollars in thousands)

Gross Profit by Segment:

Fiscal Year Ended

Gross Profit Percentage by Segment:

Property Management 39.4 % 38.0 %

Company Gross Profit Percentage 34.7 % 33.9 %

Overall, our gross profit increased approximately $22.6 million (27.9%). As a percentage of revenue, gross profit has increased to 34.7% from 33.9%, primarily due to higher gross profits across all our segments.

Property Management Gross Profit: Property Management gross profit increased approximately $12.7 million (36.4%) consistent with the increase in revenue.

Professional Gross Profit: Professional gross profit increased approximately $9.9 million (21.5%) consistent with an increase in revenue, and an increase of $0.6 million from the 2022 Horn Solutions acquisition.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses: Selling, General and Administrative expenses increased $18.1 million (27.8%). Expenses in 2021 benefited from the CARES Act credit. Adjusting for the impact of the credit, total SGA expenses as a percentage of revenue improved by 20 basis points.

Fiscal Year Ended

Amount % of Revenue Amount % of Revenue $Change %Change

(dollars in thousands)

Workers’ compensation loss retention return (117) — % (348) (0.1) % 231 (66.4) %

Gain on contingent consideration: There were no contingent gains in Fiscal 2022. As a result of the certain business developments in Fiscal 2021, the Company recognized a $2.4 million gain on contingent consideration related to the 2019 LJK acquisition.

Depreciation and Amortization: Depreciation and amortization charges increased $0.4 million (9.6%) primarily due to increases from the information technology improvement project and the Horn Solutions acquisition, which were offset by lower amortization related to the 2020 Edgerock and the 2019 LJK acquisitions.

Interest Expense, net: Interest expense, net decreased $0.1 million (4.9%) primarily due to the pay down of the balance on the Term Loan in March 2022, which was partially offset by the New Term Loan starting in December 2022 and the higher average balance on the Revolving Facility.

Income Taxes: Income tax expense increased $1.0 million primarily due to higher pre-tax 2022 income and a higher effective tax rate in Fiscal 2022, offset by a higher Work Opportunity Tax Credit in 2021.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Our working capital requirements are primarily driven by field talent payments, tax payments and client partner accounts receivable receipts. Since receipts from client partners lag payments to field talent, working capital requirements increase substantially in periods of growth.

Our primary sources of liquidity are cash generated from operations and borrowings under our amended credit agreement with BMO, that provides for a revolving credit facility maturing March 12, 2028 (the “Revolving Facility”). Our primary uses of cash are payments to field talent, team members, related payroll liabilities, operating expenses, capital expenditures, cash interest, cash taxes, dividends and contingent consideration and debt payments. We believe that the cash generated from operations, together with the borrowing availability under our Revolving Facility, will be sufficient to meet our normal working capital needs for at least the next twelve months, including investments made, and expenses incurred, in connection with opening new markets throughout the next year. Our ability to continue to fund these items may be affected by general economic, competitive and other factors, many of which are outside of our control. If our future cash flow from operations and

other capital resources are insufficient to fund our liquidity needs, we may be forced to obtain additional debt or equity capital or refinance all or a portion of our debt.

While we believe we have sufficient liquidity and capital resources to meet our current operating requirements and expansion plans, we may elect to pursue additional growth opportunities within the next year that could require additional debt or equity financing. If we are unable to secure additional financing at favorable terms in order to pursue such additional growth opportunities, our ability to pursue such opportunities could be materially adversely affected.

A summary of our working capital, operating, investing and financing activities are shown in the following table:

Fiscal Year Ended

(dollars in thousands)

Net cash provided by (used in) continuing operations:

Net change in cash and cash equivalents discontinued operations — (3,848) 5,271

Net change in cash and cash equivalents $ — $ (112) $ 112

(1)The 2023 working capital amount includes the movement of the balances from long-term to current liabilities related to the amended credit agreement with BMO Harris Bank, N.A. (“BMO”) maturing July 16, 2024.

Operating Activities

Cash provided by operating activities consists of net (loss) income adjusted for non-cash items, including depreciation and amortization, share-based compensation expense, interest expense, impairment losses, and the effect of working capital changes. The primary drivers of cash inflows and outflows are accounts receivable, accrued payroll and expenses, and other current liabilities.

During Fiscal 2023, net cash provided by continuing operating activities was $20.4 million, an increase of $23.7 million compared with $3.3 million net cash used in continuing operating activities for Fiscal 2022. This increase is primarily attributable to payments on accounts receivable, payments on accrued payroll and expenses, and payments of deferred employer FICA for the CARES Act in other current liabilities in Fiscal 2022.

During Fiscal 2022, net cash used in continuing operating activities was $3.3 million, a decrease of $4.7 million compared with $1.4 million net cash provided by continuing operating activities for Fiscal 2021. This decrease is primarily attributable to field talent and team member compensation disbursements including bonuses, commissions, and related taxes for services rendered in accrued payroll and expenses, an increase in accounts receivable, and payments of deferred employer FICA for the CARES Act in other current liabilities.

During Fiscal 2021, net cash provided by continuing operating activities was $1.4 million, a decrease of $18.3 million compared with $19.7 million for Fiscal 2020. This decrease is primarily attributable to increased accounts receivable and payments on accrued payroll and expenses, which were partially offset by an increase in the accrual in other long-term liabilities from deferred employer FICA for the CARES Act in Fiscal 2020.

Investing Activities

Cash used in investing activities consists primarily of cash paid for businesses acquired, cash received for businesses sold, and capital expenditures.

In Fiscal 2023, we paid $6.8 million in connection with the Arroyo Consulting acquisition, funded a working capital payment of $0.1 million in connection with the Horn Solutions acquisition, and made capital expenditures of $2.6 million mainly related to continued information technology improvements and for software and computer equipment purchased in the ordinary course of business.

In Fiscal 2022, we received $30.7 million in connection with the sale of InStaff, we paid $33.9 million in connection with the Horn Solutions acquisition, and we made capital expenditures of $5.7 million mainly related to the the information technology improvement project and for software and computer equipment purchased in the ordinary course of business.

In Fiscal 2021, we paid $3.8 million in connection with the Momentum acquisition and we made capital expenditures of $3.2 million mainly related to the information technology improvement project and for software and computer equipment purchased in the ordinary course of business.

Financing Activities

Cash flows from financing activities consisted principally of borrowings and payments under our credit agreement, payment of dividends, and contingent consideration paid.

For Fiscal 2023, we disbursed $6.5 million in cash dividends on our common stock, we paid down $6.0 million on the Term Loan, we paid $1.1 million of contingent consideration related to the Momentum acquisition, and borrowed $2.3 million on our Revolving Facility for increased working capital needs.

For Fiscal 2022, we received $40.0 million on the issuance of the New Term Loan, we paid down $26.9 million on the Term Loan, as discussed below, we disbursed $6.3 million in cash dividends on our common stock, we paid $1.1 million of contingent consideration related to the Momentum acquisition, and borrowed $9.8 million on our Revolving Facility for increased working capital needs.

For Fiscal 2021, we borrowed $6.8 million on our Revolving Facility for increased working capital needs and to fund the Momentum acquisition, disbursed $4.6 million in cash dividends on our common stock, and paid down $2.1 million on the Term Loan, as defined below.

Credit Agreements

On July 16, 2019, we entered into a Credit Agreement, as amended (the “Credit Agreement”), maturing July 16, 2024, led by BMO, as lead administrative agent, lender, letters of credit issuer, and swing line lender. The Credit Agreement provides for the Revolving Facility permitting us to borrow funds from time to time in an aggregate amount up to $35.0 million. The Credit Agreement also provided for a term loan commitment (the “Term Loan”) permitting us to borrow funds from time to time in an aggregate amount not to exceed $30.0 million with principal payable quarterly, based on an annual percentage of the original principal amount as defined in the Credit Agreement, all of which has been funded and repaid. We also had the option to request an increase in the aggregate Term Loan by $40 million, which was done in connection with the Horn Solutions acquisition. Our obligations under the Second Credit Amendment are secured by a first priority security interest in substantially all our tangible and intangible property. The Credit Agreement bore interest either at the Base Rate plus the Applicable Margin or LIBOR plus the Applicable Margin through August 17, 2022 (as such terms are defined in the Credit Agreement). We pay an unused commitment fee on the daily average unused amount of Revolving Facility.

On February 8, 2021, the Company borrowed $3.8 million on the Revolving Facility in conjunction with the closing of the Momentum acquisition.

On March 21, 2022, the Company paid down the balance on the existing Term Loan and a portion of the Revolving Facility using the proceeds from the sale of InStaff (See “Note 4 - Discontinued Operations”).

On August 18, 2022, we entered into an amendment to the Credit Agreement with BMO, which changed the interest rate component from LIBOR to the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”), plus the Applicable Margin (as such terms are defined in the amended credit agreement).

In connection with the Horn Solutions acquisition on December 12, 2022 (See “Note 3 - Acquisitions”), we exercised the option to borrow $40 million, as noted above, pursuant to a second amendment to the Credit Agreement (“Second Credit Amendment”). The Second Credit Amendment requires 2.5% of the original principal balance of the New Term Loan payable on the last business day of each quarter, beginning on March 31, 2023. We are subject to a maximum Leverage Ratio and a minimum Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio (as such terms are defined in the amended Second Credit Amendment).

On April 24, 2023, in connection with the acquisition of Arroyo Consulting, we entered into a Third Amendment to the Credit Agreement (“Third Credit Amendment”) with BMO. The Third Credit Amendment revised language to permit an acquisition of a foreign entity under certain circumstances and modified the terms of permitted distributions and guarantors

On May 19, 2023, we entered into a Fourth Amendment to the Credit Agreement (“Fourth Credit Amendment”) and increased the Revolving Facility by $6.0 million to an aggregate amount up to $41.0 million. We were in compliance with the customary affirmative and negative covenants as of December 31, 2023.

The indebtedness under the Credit Agreement had a maturity date of July 16, 2024 and has therefore been classified within current liabilities on the Company's consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2023. On March 12, 2024, the Credit Agreement was amended and restated through the Company’s entry into an Amended and Restated Credit Agreement with certain lenders, BMO Bank, N.A., as administrative agent, letter of credit Issuer, and swing line lender, and BMO Capital Markets Corp., as sole lead arranger and sole book runner. The Amended and Restated Credit Agreement has a maturity date of March 12, 2028. The Amended and Restated Credit Agreement provides for a revolving credit facility permitting us to borrow funds from time to time in an aggregate amount up to $40 million. Term loans with an outstanding principal balance of $34 million were outstanding under the Credit Agreement remain outstanding under the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement. The Amended and Restated Credit Agreement further provides for a delayed draw term loan commitment of $4.3 million. The Company is required to repay the term loans in quarterly principal installments in an amount equal to 2.5% of the aggregate principal balance thereof. The Amended and Restated Credit Agreement provides for interest either at the Base Rate plus the Applicable Margin, or the Adjusted Term SOFR plus the Applicable Margin (in each case, as such terms are defined in the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement). The Amended and Restated Credit Agreement also provides for letter of credit fees and commitment fees as further described therein. The Company’s obligations under the Amended and Restated Credit Amendment are secured by a first priority security interest in substantially all of the Company’s and its subsidiaries’ tangible and intangible property. The Amended and Restated Credit Agreement provides for a maximum Leverage Ratio and a minimum Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio (as such terms are defined in the Amended and Restated Credit Amendment), and also provides for, among other items, representations and warranties, affirmative and negative covenants, as described therein.

Contractual Obligations

The following table summarizes our cash contractual obligations as of December 31, 2023.

Payments due by period

Total Less than 1 year 1–3 years 3–5 years More than 5 years

(dollars in thousands)

Long-term debt obligations $ 58,874 $ 58,874 $ — $ — $ —

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

Letter of Credit

In March 2020, in conjunction with the 2020 EdgeRock acquisition, we entered into a standby letter of credit arrangement, which expires December 31, 2024, for purposes of protecting a lessor against default on lease payments. As of December 31, 2023, we had a maximum financial exposure from this standby letter of credit totaling $0.1 million, all of which is considered usage against our Revolving Facility.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

We have identified the policies listed below as critical to our business and the understanding of our results of operations. For a detailed discussion of the application of these and other accounting policies, see Note 2 in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Revenue Recognition

We derive our revenues from continuing operations in our Property Management and Professional segments. We provide workforce solutions, placement services, and managed services. Revenues are recognized when promised workforce solutions are delivered to client partners, in an amount that reflects the consideration we expect to be entitled to in exchange for those services. We recognize revenue through the following types of services: workforce solutions, contingent placements, retained search placements, and managed services.

Intangible Assets

We hold intangible assets with indefinite and finite lives. Intangible assets with indefinite useful lives are not amortized. Intangible assets with finite useful lives are amortized over their respective estimated useful lives, ranging from three to ten years, based on a pattern in which the economic benefit of the respective intangible asset is realized. We capitalize purchased software and internal payroll costs directly incurred in the modification of software for internal use. Software maintenance and training costs are expensed in the period incurred.

Goodwill

Goodwill represents the difference between the enterprise value/cash paid less the fair value of all recognized net asset fair values including identifiable intangible asset values in a business combination. We review goodwill for impairment annually during the fourth quarter or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying value of goodwill may not be recoverable.

Income Taxes

The current provision for income taxes represents estimated amounts payable or refundable on tax returns filed or to be filed for the year. We recognizes any penalties when necessary as part of selling, general and administrative expenses. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recorded for the estimated future tax effects of temporary differences between the tax basis of assets and liabilities and amounts are classified net as noncurrent in the consolidated balance sheets. Deferred tax assets are also recognized for net operating loss and tax credit carryovers. When appropriate, we will record a valuation allowance against net deferred tax assets to offset future tax benefits that may not be realized. We follow the guidance of Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 740, Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

For a discussion of recent accounting pronouncements and their potential effect on our results of operations and financial condition, refer to Note 2 in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk.

We are exposed to certain market risks from transactions we enter into in the normal course of business. Our primary market risk exposure relates to interest rate risk.

Interest Rates

A portion of our Revolving Facility and New Term Loan are priced at variable interest rates. Accordingly, future interest rate increases could potentially put us at risk for an adverse impact on future earnings and cash flows.

Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.

Page

Audited Consolidated Financial Statements of BGSF, Inc.

Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2023 and January 1, 2023 42

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 48

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the Board of Directors and

Stockholders of BGSF, Inc.

Opinion on the Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of BGSF, Inc., and its subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2023 and January 1, 2023, and the related consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive (loss) income, changes in stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2023, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2023 and January 1, 2023, and the results of their operations and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2023, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”), the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2023, based on criteria established in 2013 Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO), and our report dated March 14, 2024 expressed an unqualified opinion.

Basis for Opinion

These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Critical Audit Matter

The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the consolidated financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the consolidated financial statements and (2) involved especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of the critical audit matter does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.

Acquisition of Arroyo Consulting, LLC – Fair Value of Intangible Assets

Description of the Matter

As discussed in Note 3 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company acquired substantially all of the assets and assumed certain liabilities of Arroyo Consulting, LLC (“Arroyo”) for a purchase price of up to $8.7 million in cash and contingent consideration of up to $8.5 million. The acquisition of Arroyo resulted in a total of $13.9 million of intangible assets, which are comprised primarily of client partner lists.The determination of fair value for the client partner lists required management to make estimates of discounted future cash flows and included their subjective assumptions of the appropriate discount rate, the growth of revenue, and rate of attrition for the related customers.The contingent consideration of up to $8.5 million is based on the forecasted performance of the acquired business for the two years following the date of the acquisition.

We identified the fair value of the intangible assets acquired and contingent consideration liability in the Arroyo business combination to be a critical audit matter due to the significant judgments made by management to estimate their fair values.This required a high degree of auditor judgment and an increased extent of effort, including the need to involve our fair value specialists, when performing audit procedures to evaluate the reasonableness of management’s estimates and assumptions related to the selection of discount and customer attrition rates, as well as forecasts of future revenues and cash flows.

How We Addressed the Matter in Our Audit

Our audit procedures related to the discount rates, and forecasts of future revenues and cash flows used by management to estimate the fair value of both the intangible assets acquired and contingent consideration liability in the Arroyo business combination included the following, among others:

•We tested the effectiveness of controls over management’s Arroyo purchase price allocation, including those over the determination of the fair value of intangible assets, such as controls related to management’s selection of discount rates, client attrition rate, and forecasts of future revenues and cash flows.

•With the assistance of our fair value specialists, we evaluated the reasonableness of the (i) valuation methodology, (ii) discount rates,(iii) client attrition rate, and (iv) future revenue and growth rates, including testing the source information underlying the determination of the discount rates, testing the mathematical accuracy of the calculations, and developing a range of independent estimates and comparing those to the discount rates selected by management.

•We evaluated management’s ability to accurately forecast future revenues and cash flows by considering the past financial performance of Arroyo and current economic factors.

/s/ Whitley Penn LLP

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2013.

Plano, Texas

March 14, 2024

BGSF, Inc. and Subsidiaries

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(in thousands, except share amounts)

ASSETS

Current assets

Other assets

Right-of-use asset - operating leases 5,435 4,462

LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY

Current liabilities

Accounts payable $ 95 $ 587

Line of credit (net of debt issuance costs of $128) 24,746 —

Contingent consideration, current portion 4,208 1,081

Convertible note 4,368 —

Other current liabilities — 1,000

Lease liabilities, current portion 2,016 1,842

Line of credit (net of debt issuance costs of $259) — 22,303

Long-term debt, less current portion — 36,000

Contingent consideration, less current portion 4,112 —

Convertible note — 4,368

Lease liabilities, less current portion 3,814 3,049

Other long-term liabilities — 10

Commitments and contingencies

Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity $ 178,517 $ 194,673

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

BGSF, Inc. and Subsidiaries

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE (LOSS) INCOME

(in thousands, except per share and dividend amounts)

Years ended December 31, 2023, January 1, 2023 and December 26, 2021

Gain on contingent consideration — — (2,403)

Impairment losses 22,545 — —

Income tax benefit (expense) from continuing operations 2,938 (3,659) (2,639)

Income from discontinued operations:

Change in unrealized (losses) gains on cash flow hedges — (58) 181

Other comprehensive (loss) gain — (58) 181

Net (loss) income per share - basic:

Net (loss) income from continuing operations $ (0.95) $ 1.08 $ 1.01

Net income from discontinued operations:

Gain on sale — 1.69 —

Income tax expense — (0.46) (0.09)

Net (loss) income per share - basic $ (0.95) $ 2.43 $ 1.36

Net (loss) income per share - diluted:

Net (loss) income from continuing operations $ (0.95) $ 1.07 $ 1.00

Net income from discontinued operations:

Gain on sale — 1.69 —

Income tax expense — (0.46) (0.09)

Net (loss) income per share - diluted $ (0.95) $ 2.42 $ 1.35

Weighted average shares outstanding:

Cash dividends declared per common share $ 0.60 $ 0.60 $ 0.44

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

BGSF, Inc. and Subsidiaries

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(in thousands)

Years ended December 31, 2023, January 1, 2023 and December 26, 2021

Common Stock

Share-based compensation from continuing operations — — — — 1,058 — — 1,058

Share-based compensation from discontinued operations — — — — 54 — — 54

Issuance of shares, net of offering costs — — — — (40) — — (40)

Issuance of ESPP shares — 32 — — 340 — — 340

Exercise of common stock shares — 1 — — 8 — — 8

Cash dividends declared — — — — — (4,567) — (4,567)

Other comprehensive gain — — — — — — 181 181

Share-based compensation from continuing operations — — — — 1,085 — — 1,085

Share-based compensation from discontinued operations — — — — 7 — — 7

Transaction fees related to sale of discontinued operations — — — — 35 — — 35

Issuance of restricted shares — 32 1 — (1) — — —

Issuance of ESPP shares — 60 — — 653 — — 653

Exercise of common stock options — 1 — — 10 — — 10

Cash dividends declared — — — — — (6,290) — (6,290)

Other comprehensive loss — — — — — — (58) (58)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

BGSF, Inc. and Subsidiaries

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (CONTINUED)

(in thousands)

Years ended December 31, 2023, January 1, 2023 and December 26, 2021

Common Stock

Share-based compensation — — — — 1,029 — — 1,029

Issuance of ESPP shares — 54 — — 512 — — 512

Exercise of common stock options — 5 — — 30 — — 30

Cash dividends declared — — — — — (6,507) — (6,507)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

BGSF, Inc. and Subsidiaries

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(in thousands)

Years ended December 31, 2023, January 1, 2023 and December 26, 2021

Cash flows from operating activities

(Income) from discontinued operations — (1,235) (4,570)

Gain on sale of discontinued operations — (17,675) —

Impairment losses 22,545 — —

CARES Act credit — — (2,368)

Loss on disposal of property and equipment 17 6 8

Contingent consideration adjustment — — (2,403)

Amortization of debt issuance costs 199 172 75

Interest expense on contingent consideration payable 740 128 252

Net changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of effects of acquisitions:

Prepaid expenses and other current assets (2,159) (866) (200)

Income taxes receivable and payable 729 (1,202) (560)

Other long-term liabilities — (64) (78)

Net cash (used in) provided by discontinued operating activities — (3,822) 5,305

Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities 20,386 (7,122) 6,663

Cash flows from investing activities

Businesses acquired, net of cash acquired (6,917) (33,940) (3,791)

Businesses sold — 30,722 —

Proceeds from sale of property and equipment — — 5

Net cash used in continuing investing activities (9,514) (8,898) (6,990)

Net cash used in discontinued investing activities — (26) (34)

Net cash used in investing activities (9,514) (8,924) (7,024)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

BGSF, Inc. and Subsidiaries

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (CONTINUED)

(in thousands)

Years ended December 31, 2023, January 1, 2023 and December 26, 2021

Cash flows from financing activities

Proceeds from issuance of long-term debt — 40,000 —

Contingent consideration paid (1,110) (1,110) —

Debt issuance costs (69) (236) —

Net change in cash and cash equivalents — (112) 112

Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of year — 112 —

Cash and cash equivalents, end of year $ — $ — $ 112

Supplemental cash flow information:

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

BGSF, Inc. and Subsidiaries

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NOTE 1 - NATURE OF OPERATIONS

BGSF, Inc., provides consulting, managed services, and professional workforce solutions to a variety of industries through its various divisions in information technology (“IT”), Finance & Accounting, Managed Solutions, and Property Management (formally known as Real Estate which includes apartment communities and commercial buildings) (collectively, with its consolidated subsidiaries, the “Company”).

On March 21, 2022, the Company completed the sale of substantially all its Light Industrial segment (“InStaff”) assets to Jobandtalent (“J&T”), through the wholly-owned subsidiary, Sentech Engineering Services, Inc. Instaff’s financial results for reported periods have been reflected in our Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive (Loss) Income and Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows as discontinued operations. See “Note 4 - Discontinued Operations” in the Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this report for additional information.

On December 12, 2022, the Company acquired substantially all of the assets, and assumed certain of the liabilities of Horn Solutions, Inc. and Horn Solutions Dallas, LLC (collectively “Horn Solutions”). See “Note 3- Acquisitions.”

On April 24, 2023, the Company acquired substantially all of the assets and assumed certain of the liabilities of Arroyo Consulting, LLC (“Arroyo Consulting”), which is a nearshore and offshore workforce solutions company that specializes in IT and software development with operations in the United States, Colombia, and India. See “Note 3- Acquisitions.”

The Company operates primarily within the United States of America (“U.S.”) through the Property Management and Professional segments.

NOTE 2 - SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Basis of Presentation

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company. All significant intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation.

Fiscal Year

The Company has a 52/53 week fiscal year. Fiscal years for the consolidated financial statements included herein are for the 52 weeks ended December 31, 2023, and 53 weeks ended January 1, 2023, and the 52 weeks ended December 26, 2021, referred as Fiscal 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively.

Reclassifications

Certain reclassifications have been made to the 2022 and 2021 financial statements to conform with the 2023 presentation.

Management Estimates

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles in United States of America (“GAAP”) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Significant estimates affecting the financial statements include allowances for credit losses, goodwill, intangible assets, lease liabilities, contingent consideration obligations related to acquisitions, and income taxes. Additionally, the valuation of share-based compensation expense uses a model based upon interest rates, stock prices, maturity estimates, volatility and other factors. The

BGSF, Inc. and Subsidiaries

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Company believes these estimates and assumptions are reliable. However, these estimates and assumptions may change in the future based on actual experience as well as market conditions.

Financial Instruments

The Company uses fair value measurements in areas that include, but are not limited to, the allocation of purchase price consideration to tangible and identifiable intangible assets, convertible debt, contingent consideration, and interest rate swap agreements. The carrying values of cash, accounts receivables, accounts payable, accrued payroll and expenses, and other current assets and liabilities approximate their fair values because of the short-term nature of these instruments. The carrying value of bank debt approximates fair value due to the variable nature of the interest rates under the credit agreement with BMO Harris Bank, N.A. (“BMO”) that provides for a revolving credit facility, term loan and current rates available to the Company for debt with similar terms and risk. In Fiscal 2022 and 2021, Management determined the fair value on the interest rate swap based on quoted prices from BMO.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents include all highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less.

Concentration of Credit Risk

Concentration of credit risk is limited due to the Company’s diverse client partner base and their dispersion across many different industries and geographic locations nationwide. No single client partner accounted for more than 10% of the Company’s accounts receivable as of December 31, 2023 and January 1, 2023 or revenue from continuing operations in Fiscal 2023, 2022 and 2021. Geographic revenue from continuing operations in excess of 10% of the Company’s consolidated revenue in Fiscal 2023 and the related percentage for Fiscal 2022 and 2021 was generated in the following areas at:

Consequently, weakness in economic conditions in these regions could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial position and results of future operations.

Accounts Receivable

The Company extends credit to its client partners in the normal course of business. Accounts receivable represents unpaid balances due from client partners. The Company maintains an allowance for credit losses for expected losses resulting from client partners’ non-payment of balances due to the Company. The Company’s determination of the allowance for uncollectible amounts is based on management’s judgments and assumptions, including general economic conditions, portfolio composition, credit loss, evaluation of credit risk related to certain individual client partners and the Company’s ongoing examination process. Receivables are written off after they are deemed to be uncollectible after all reasonable means of collection have been exhausted. Recoveries of receivables previously written off are recorded when received.

Changes in the allowance for credit losses from continuing operations are as follows at (in thousands):

Acquired allowance for credit losses - Horn Solutions — 109

Provision for credit losses, net 798 315

Amounts written off, net (802) (315)

BGSF, Inc. and Subsidiaries

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Property and Equipment

The Company depreciates the cost of property and equipment over the estimated useful lives of the assets using the straight-line method ranging from five to seven years. The costs of leasehold improvements are amortized over the shorter of the estimated useful life or lease term. The cost of normal maintenance and repairs is charged to operating expenses as incurred. Material expenditures that increase the life of an asset are capitalized and depreciated over the estimated remaining useful life of the asset. The cost of properties sold, or otherwise disposed of, and the related accumulated depreciation or amortization, are removed from the accounts, and any gains or losses are reflected in current operations.

Deposits

The Company maintains guaranteed costs policies for workers’ compensation coverage in monopolistic states and minimal loss retention coverage in all other states. Under these policies, the Company is required to maintain refundable deposits of $2.4 million, which are included in Deposits in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets, as of December 31, 2023 and January 1, 2023.

Software as a service

The Company capitalizes direct costs incurred in cloud computing implementation costs from hosting arrangements, and are reported as a component of Software as a service. All other internal-use software development costs are capitalized and reported as a component of computer software within Intangible assets. In Fiscal 2023, the Company added software assets of $0.6 million and reclassified $0.7 million from property and equipment related to the information technology improvement project.

The Company reviews its long-lived assets, primarily fixed assets, for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the asset may not be recovered. The Company looks primarily to the undiscounted future cash flows in its assessment of whether or not long-lived assets have been impaired. There were no impairments with respect to long-lived assets during Fiscal 2023, 2022 or 2021.

Leases

The Company leases all their office space through operating leases, which expire at various dates through 2030. Many of the lease agreements obligate the Company to pay real estate taxes, insurance and certain maintenance costs, which are accounted for separately. Certain of the Company’s lease arrangements contain renewal provisions from 1 to 10 years, exercisable at the Company’s option. The Company’s lease agreements do not contain any material residual value guarantees or material restrictive covenants.

The Company determines if an arrangement is an operating lease at inception. Leases with an initial term of 12 months or less are not recorded on the balance sheet. All other leases are recorded on the balance sheet as right-of-use assets and lease liabilities for the lease term.

Right-of-use lease assets and lease liabilities are recognized at commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term and include options to extend or terminate the lease when they are reasonably certain to be exercised. The present value of lease payments is determined using the incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at lease commencement date, unless the implicit rate in the lease is readily determinable. The Company’s operating lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term and is recorded in selling, general and administrative expenses.

Intangible Assets

The Company holds intangible assets with finite lives. Intangible assets with finite useful lives are amortized over their respective estimated useful lives, ranging from three to ten years, based on a pattern in which the economic benefit of the respective Intangible asset is realized.

Identifiable Intangible assets recognized in conjunction with acquisitions are recorded at fair value. Significant unobservable inputs are used to determine the fair value of the identifiable Intangible assets based on the income approach valuation model whereby the present worth and anticipated future benefits of the identifiable Intangible assets are discounted back to their net present value.

BGSF, Inc. and Subsidiaries

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

The Company capitalizes purchased software and internal payroll costs directly incurred in the modification of internal use software. Software maintenance and training costs are expensed in the period incurred.

The Company evaluates the recoverability of Intangible assets whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that an Intangible asset’s carrying amount may not be recoverable. The Company considered the current and expected future economic and market conditions and its impact on each of the reporting units. The Company annually evaluates the remaining useful lives of all Intangible assets to determine whether events and circumstances warrant a revision to the remaining period of amortization. In the first quarter of Fiscal 2023, management decided to eliminate the use of various trade names and go to market under the BGSF brand. Management’s rebranding created an impairment charge of $22.5 million. The Company determined that there were no impairment indicators for these assets in Fiscal 2022.

Goodwill

Goodwill represents the difference between the total consideration paid less the fair value of all recognized net asset fair values including identifiable intangible asset values in a business combination. The Company reviews goodwill for impairment annually during the fourth quarter or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying value of goodwill may not be recoverable. Based on annual testing, the Company has determined that there was no goodwill impairment in Fiscal 2023, 2022 or 2021.

The Company first evaluates qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not (that is, a likelihood of more than 50 percent) that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, including goodwill. If after qualitatively assessing the totality of events or circumstances, the Company determines that it is not more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, then further testing is unnecessary. If after assessing the totality of events or circumstances, the Company determines that it is more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, the Company then estimates the fair value of the reporting unit and compares the fair value of the reporting unit with its carrying amount, including goodwill, as discussed below.

In assessing whether it is more likely than not that an indefinite-lived intangible asset is impaired, the Company assesses relevant events and circumstances that could affect the significant inputs used to determine the fair value.

The quantitative impairment test for an indefinite-lived intangible asset consists of a comparison of the fair value of the asset with its carrying amount. If the carrying amount of an intangible asset exceeds its fair value, a reporting unit shall recognize an impairment loss in an amount equal to that excess.

The quantitative goodwill impairment test involves a two-step process. In the first step, the Company compares the fair value of each reporting unit to its carrying value. If the fair value of the reporting unit exceeds its carrying value, goodwill is not impaired and no further testing is required. If the fair value of the reporting unit is less than the carrying value, the Company must perform the second step of the impairment test to measure the amount of impairment loss. In the second step, the reporting unit’s fair value is allocated to all of the assets and liabilities of the reporting unit, including any unrecognized intangible assets, in a hypothetical analysis that calculates the implied fair value of goodwill in the same manner as if the reporting unit was being acquired in a business combination. If the implied fair value of the reporting unit's goodwill is less than the carrying value, the difference is recorded as an impairment loss.

Cash Flow Hedge

The unrealized gains or losses associated with the change in the fair value of the effective portion of the hedging instrument was recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income or loss. The Company reclassified the interest rate swap from accumulated other comprehensive gain or loss against interest expense in the same period in which the hedge transaction affected earnings. There were no outstanding cash flow hedges at December 31, 2023 or January 1, 2023.

Debt Issuance Costs

Debt issuance costs are amortized using the effective interest method over the term of the respective loans. Debt issuance costs related to a recognized debt liability are presented in the balance sheet as a direct deduction from the carrying amount of the related debt liability.

BGSF, Inc. and Subsidiaries

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Contingent Consideration

The Company has obligations, to be paid in cash, related to its acquisitions if certain operating and financial goals are met. The fair value of this contingent consideration is determined using expected cash flows and present value technique. The fair value calculation of the expected future payments uses a discount rate commensurate with the risks of the expected cash flow. The resulting discount is amortized as interest expense over the outstanding period using the effective interest method.

Revenue Recognition

Bgsf, Inc. BGSF US Equity

BGSF · 10-K · period ended 2023-12-31

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS.

ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS.

ITEM 1C. CYBERSECURITY.

ITEM 2. PROPERTIES.

ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS.

ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE.

Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related StockholderMatters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities.

Item 6. Selected Financial Data

Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition andResults of Operations.

Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk.

Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.

Bgsf, Inc. BGSF US Equity☆

BGSF · 10-K · period ended 2023-12-31

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS.

ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS.

ITEM 1C. CYBERSECURITY.

ITEM 2. PROPERTIES.

ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS.

ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE.

Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related StockholderMatters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities.

Item 6. Selected Financial Data

Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition andResults of Operations.

Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk.

Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.

Bgsf, Inc. BGSF US Equity