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Item 7.Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Management’s Discussion and Analysis (“MD&A”) is intended to help the reader understand the results of operations, financial condition, and cash flows of the Company. MD&A is provided as a supplement to, and should be read in conjunction with, the Company’s consolidated financial statements and related notes appearing in Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data”. For discussion related to changes in financial condition and the results of operations for fiscal year 2023-related items, refer to Part II, Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for fiscal year 2023, which was filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 20, 2024.

Executive Summary

Strategic Priorities

Visteon is a global automotive technology company serving the mobility industry, dedicated to creating more enjoyable, connected, and safe driving experiences. The Company's platforms leverage proven, scalable hardware and software solutions that enable the digital, electric, and autonomous evolution of its global automotive customers. The automotive mobility market is expected to grow faster than underlying vehicle production volumes as the vehicle shifts from analog to digital and towards device and cloud connected, electric vehicles, and vehicles with more advanced safety features.

The Company has laid out the following strategic priorities:

•Technology Innovation - The Company is an established global leader in cockpit electronics and is positioned to provide solutions as the industry transitions to the next generation automotive cockpit experience. The cockpit is becoming fully digital, connected, automated, learning and voice enabled. Visteon's broad portfolio of digital cockpit and electrification electronics positions Visteon to support these macro trends in the automotive industry.

•Long-Term Growth - The Company has continued to win business at a rate that exceeds current sales levels by demonstrating product quality, technical and development capability, new product innovation, reliability, timeliness, product design, manufacturing capability, and flexibility, as well as overall customer service.

•Balanced Capital Allocation with a Strong Balance Sheet - The Company continues to maintain a strong balance sheet to withstand near-term industry volatility and support a balanced capital allocation framework. The Company is primarily focused on allocating capital to high-returning organic initiatives that increase internal capabilities, pursuing attractive inorganic opportunities, and returning capital to shareholders. In March 2023, the Company announced a $300 million share repurchase program maturing at the end of 2026. The Company has repurchased $169 million of Company common stock under this program. During the year ended December 31, 2024, Visteon spent a net cash outlay of $55 million on inorganic growth, to acquire an advanced design and R&D services firm and a software firm.

Financial Results

The pie charts below highlight the sales breakdown for Visteon for the year ended December 31, 2024.

*Regional sales are based on the geographic region where sale originates and not where customer is located (excludes inter-regional eliminations).

Global Automotive Market Conditions and Production Levels

Industry vehicle volumes were approximately 89 million units in 2024, a modest decline compared to 2023 as the worldwide semiconductor and other supply related shortages began to ease, offset by mixed industry dynamics that reduced light vehicle production in Europe and North America. North America production levels were slightly lower as vehicle affordability affected consumer demand, partially offset by OEMs rebuilding inventories. Production levels in Europe were lower, with a weak macroeconomic environment and the expiration of government incentives on electric vehicles weighing on production. In China, domestic OEMs continued to gain market share amid intense price competition in a weak domestic market. Looking forward, vehicle production is expected to decline slightly in 2025, with Visteon’s customer production expected to decline mid-single digits, and ongoing risks related to vehicle affordability, economic uncertainty, potential geopolitical challenges, and customer market share changes. The magnitude of the impact on the financial statements, results of operations, and cash flows will be dependent on plant production schedules, supply chain impacts, global economic impacts, and electric vehicle adoption.

Company Highlights

Visteon continued to focus on execution throughout 2024, building a foundation of sustainable growth, margin expansion, and cash flow generation. Visteon reported sales of $3,866 million, a year-over-year decrease of 2%, representing continued out-performance compared to customer production despite significant headwinds in the China market and lower supply chain recoveries from customers. Net Income attributable to Visteon of $274 million declined compared to the prior year primarily due to a larger deferred tax valuation allowance release in 2023 as compared to 2024. Adjusted EBITDA* was $474 million, a 9% increase compared to prior year due to strong commercial and cost discipline. Visteon continued to build the foundation for sustainable growth launching 95 new products during 2024. Visteon's next-generation products continue to be featured on its customer's key vehicles and platforms. Additionally, Visteon was awarded $6.1 billion in new business wins with strong representation in all product categories. Wins included clusters wins of approximately $1.1 billion, driven primarily by digital clusters, multiple SmartCoreTM and infotainment wins with lifetime revenue in excess of $1.5 billion, multiple large multi-display wins bringing total displays wins to $2.6 billion for the year, and $0.7 billion of electrification wins highlighted by a power electronics win for an on-board charger and DC-DC converter.

* Adjusted EBITDA is a Non-GAAP financial measure, as defined below.

Results of Operations

Year ended December 31, 2024 Compared to Year ended December 31, 2023

The Company's consolidated results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 were as follows:

Year Ended December 31,

Selling, general and administrative expenses (207) (207) —

Restructuring and impairment (32) (5) (27)

Interest income (expense), net 2 (7) 9

Equity in net (loss) income of non-consolidated affiliates (3) (10) 7

Other income (expense), net 7 (1) 8

Income (loss) before income taxes 298 257 41

Benefit from (provision for) income taxes (14) 248 (262)

Less: Net (income) loss attributable to non-controlling interests (10) (19) 9

Net income (loss) attributable to Visteon Corporation $ 274 $ 486 $ (212)

In 2024, the Company determined that additional U.S. deferred income tax assets were more likely than not to be realized resulting in a $49 million non-cash tax benefit to Net income attributable to Visteon Corporationor $1.76 per diluted share. 2023 includes a non-cash tax benefit to Net income attributable to Visteon Corporation of $313 million, or $11.10 per diluted share in the fourth quarter, and $10.98 per diluted share for the full year, related to a reduction in the valuation allowance against the U.S. deferred tax assets.

Net Sales and Cost of Sales

(In millions) Net Sales Cost of Sales Gross Margin

Volume, mix, and net new business 125 (104) 21

Customer pricing, net (142) — (142)

Engineering costs, net — 16 16

Cost performance, design changes, and other (41) 203 162

Net sales for the year ended December 31, 2024 totaled $3,866 million, which represents an decrease of $88 million compared with 2023. Volumes and net new business increased net sales by $125 million due to continued market outperformance as a result of recent product launches and sales volumes in the America's, partially offset by lower sales in China due to market dynamics. Customer pricing decreased net sales by $142 million as a result of lower customer recoveries due to improving supply chain dynamics and annual price reductions. Unfavorable currency decreased net sales by $30 million, primarily attributable to the Chinese renminbi, Japanese yen, and Brazilian real, partially offset by the euro. Other cost performance, design changes and other decreased net sales by $41 million. primarily due to the non-recurrence of certain prior period one time commercial items.

Cost of sales decreased $132 million for the year ended December 31, 2024, when compared with 2023. Volume, mix and net new business increased cost of sales by $104 million. Net engineering costs, excluding currency, decreased cost of sales by $16 million as a result of favorable timing of engineering recoveries. Foreign currency decreased cost of sales by $17 million, primarily attributable to the Mexican peso and Japanese yen, partially offset by the Brazilian real. Cost performance, design

changes and other decreased cost of sales by $203 million primarily due to lower recoveries from improving supply chain dynamics and manufacturing efficiencies.

A summary of net engineering costs is shown below:

Year Ended December 31,

Gross engineering costs $ (334) $ (330)

Engineering costs, net $ (191) $ (210)

Gross engineering costs relate to forward model program development and advanced engineering activities and exclude contractually reimbursable engineering costs. Gross engineering costs of $334 million for the year ended December 31, 2024, where $4 million higher than the same period of 2023, and included the the acquisition of a German R&D services firm. Net engineering costs of $191 million for the year ended December 31, 2024, including the impacts of currency, were $19 million lower than the same period of 2023. This decrease is primarily related to favorable timing of recoveries during 2024 compared to the prior period.

Selling, General, and Administrative Expenses

Selling, general, and administrative expenses were $207 million, or 5.4% of net sales, and $207 million, or 5.2% of net sales, for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Expenses remained unchanged during 2024 due to decreased amortization expense offset by increased employee expenses.

Restructuring and Impairment

The Company recorded $32 million and $5 million of net restructuring expense for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The increase is due to a 2024 global restructuring plan announced in September 2024 aimed at improving efficiency and further rationalize the Company’s footprint.

Interest Expense, Net

Net interest income for the year ended December 31, 2024, was $2 million, compared to interest expense of $7 million in the same period 2023. The increase in interest income during 2024 reflects increased cash balances.

Equity in Net Income of Non-Consolidated Affiliates

Equity in net loss of non-consolidated affiliates was $3 million and $10 million for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The loss in each year is due to operating losses at an affiliate.

Other Income, Net

Other income, net consists of the following:

Year Ended December 31,

Pension financing benefits, net $ 11 $ 11

Pension settlement (4) —

Township settlement — (12)

Income Taxes

The Company's provision for income taxes was $14 million for year ended December 31, 2024, reflecting a $262 million increase compared to the $248 million benefit from income taxes in 2023. In the fourth quarter of 2023, the Company released $313 million from its deferred tax valuation allowance related to U.S. federal and certain state deferred tax assets. In 2024, the Company determined that additional U.S. deferred income tax assets were more likely than not to be realized resulting in a $49 million non-cash tax benefit.

Adjusted EBITDA

The Company defines Adjusted EBITDA as net income attributable to the Company adjusted to eliminate the impact of depreciation and amortization, non-cash stock-based compensation expense, provision for income taxes, net interest expense, net income attributable to non-controlling interests, restructuring and impairment expense, equity in net income of non-consolidated affiliates, and other gains and losses not reflective of the Company's ongoing operations.

Adjusted EBITDA is presented as a supplemental measure of the Company's financial performance that management believes is useful to investors because the excluded items may vary significantly in timing or amounts and/or may obscure trends useful in evaluating and comparing the Company's operating activities across reporting periods. Not all companies use identical calculations and, accordingly, the Company's presentation of Adjusted EBITDA may not be comparable to other similarly titled measures of other companies. Adjusted EBITDA is not a recognized term under U.S. generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP") and does not purport to be a substitute for net income as an indicator of operating performance or cash flows from operating activities as a measure of liquidity. Adjusted EBITDA has limitations as an analytical tool and is not intended to be a measure of cash flow available for management's discretionary use, as it does not consider certain cash requirements such as interest payments, tax payments, and debt service requirements. The Company uses Adjusted EBITDA as a factor in incentive compensation decisions and to evaluate the effectiveness of the Company's business strategies. In addition, the Company's credit agreements use measures similar to Adjusted EBITDA to measure compliance with certain covenants.

The reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA to net income attributable to Visteon for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 is as follows:

Year Ended December 31,

Net income (loss) attributable to Visteon Corporation $ 274 $ 486 $ (212)

Depreciation and amortization 96 104 (8)

Restructuring, net 32 5 27

Provision for (benefit from) income tax 14 (248) 262

Non-cash, stock-based compensation expense 41 34 7

Interest (income) expense, net (2) 7 (9)

Net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests 10 19 (9)

Equity in net loss (income) of non-consolidated affiliates 3 10 (7)

Adjusted EBITDA was $474 million for the year ended December 31, 2024, representing an increase of $40 million when compared to 2023. Favorable volumes and mix, and the ongoing benefits of cost and commercial discipline increased Adjusted EBITDA by $37 million. Foreign currency decreased Adjusted EBITDA by $12 million, primarily attributable to the Brazilian real and Japanese yen, partially offset by the Mexican peso. Net engineering costs, excluding currency, increased Adjusted EBITDA by $15 million from favorable timing of recoveries.

Liquidity

Overview

The Company's primary sources of liquidity are cash flows from operations, existing cash balances, and borrowings under available credit facilities. The Company's intra-year needs are normally impacted by seasonal effects in the industry, such as mid-year shutdowns, the ramp-up of new model production, and year-end shutdowns at key customers.

A substantial portion of the Company's cash flows from operations are generated by operations located outside of the U.S. Accordingly, the Company utilizes a combination of cash repatriation strategies, including dividends and distributions, royalties, and other intercompany arrangements to provide the funds necessary to meet obligations globally. The Company’s

ability to access funds from its subsidiaries is subject to, among other things, customary regulatory and statutory requirements and contractual arrangements including joint venture agreements and local credit facilities. Moreover, repatriation efforts may be modified by the Company according to prevailing circumstances.

Access to additional capital through the debt or equity markets is influenced by the Company's credit ratings. As of December 31, 2024, the Company’s corporate credit rating is BB by Standard & Poor’s. See Note 11, "Debt" in the Company's consolidated financial statements included in Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for a comprehensive discussion of the Company's debt facilities. Incremental funding requirements of the Company's consolidated foreign entities are primarily accommodated by intercompany cash pooling structures and intercompany load agreements. Affiliate working capital lines had availability of $150 millionand the Company had $400 million of available credit under the revolving credit facility as of December 31, 2024.

Cash Balances

As of December 31, 2024, the Company had total cash and equivalents of $626 million, including $3 million of restricted cash. Cash balances totaling $489 million were located in jurisdictions outside of the United States, of which approximately $65 million is considered permanently reinvested for funding ongoing operations outside of the U.S. If such permanently reinvested funds were repatriated to the U.S., no U.S. federal taxes would be imposed on the distribution of such foreign earnings due to U.S. tax reform enacted in December 2017. However, the Company would be required to accrue additional tax expense primarily related to foreign withholding taxes.

Other Items Affecting Liquidity

During the year ended December 31, 2024, cash contributions to the Company's U.S and non-U.S. employee retirement plans were approximately $26 million. Additionally, the Company expects to make contributions to its US and non-US defined benefit pension plans of $4 million and $8 million, respectively, during 2025.

During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company paid $10 million related to restructuring activities. Additional discussion regarding the Company's restructuring activities is provided in Note 4, "Restructuring and Impairments" in the Company's consolidated financial statements included in Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

The Company has committed to make investments totaling $20 million in multiple entities principally focused on the automotive sector pursuant to limited partnership agreements. As of December 31, 2024, the Company has contributed $13 million toward the aggregate investment commitments. As a limited partner in each entity, the Company will periodically make capital contributions toward this total commitment amount.

On March 2, 2023 the Company's board of directors authorized a share repurchase program of $300 million of common stock through December 31, 2026. Under this program, the Company will repurchase shares at the prevailing market prices pursuant to specified share price and daily volume limits. During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company has purchased 647,755 shares at an average price of $97.97 related to this program totaling $63 million.

Purchase Obligations

As of December 31, 2024, the Company has contractual purchase obligations of approximately $41 million through 2029.

Leases

The Company has operating leases primarily for corporate offices, technical and engineering centers, vehicles, and certain equipment with future lease obligations ranging from 2025 to 2035. Additional discussion regarding the Company's leasing activities is provided in Note 9, "Leases" in the Company's consolidated financial statements included in Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Taxes

The Company may be required to make significant cash outlays related to its unrecognized tax benefits, including interest and penalties. As of December 31, 2024, the Company had unrecognized tax benefits, including interest and penalties, that would be expected to result in a cash outlay of $15 million. Given the number of years, jurisdictions and positions subject to examination, the Company is unable to estimate the period of cash settlement, if any, with the respective taxing authorities. For further information related to the Company’s unrecognized tax benefits, see Note 14, “Income Taxes,” to the consolidated financial statements included in this Report.

Cash Flows

Operating Activities

The Company generated $427 million of cash from operating activities during the year ended December 31, 2024, as compared to $267 million during 2023 representing a $160 million increase.

The increase in cash from operations in 2024 when compared to the prior period is primarily attributable to higher Adjusted EBITDA of $40 million and improved working capital inflow of $95 million, primarily related to accounts receivable and accounts payable.

Investing Activities

Net cash used by investing activities was $189 million and $123 million during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The $66 million increase in cash used by investing activities compared to the prior year is primarily due to increased capital expenditures of $12 million and the acquisition of businesses, net of cash acquired, of $55 million.

Financing Activities

Net cash used by financing activities was $100 million and $156 million for during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. This $56 million decrease compared to the prior year is primarily attributable to lower repurchases of common stock of $43 million and decreased dividends paid to non-controlling interest of $17 million.

Debt and Capital Structure

See "Liquidity" above and also see Note 11, "Debt" and Note 15, "Stockholders' Equity and Non-controlling Interests" to the Company's consolidated financial statements included in Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for further information.

Fair Value Measurements

See Note 17, "Fair Value Measurements" to the Company's consolidated financial statements included in Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional information.

Critical Accounting Estimates

The Company’s significant accounting policies have been disclosed in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes under Note 1, “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” to the Company's consolidated financial statements included in Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Certain policies relate to estimates that involve matters that are highly uncertain at the time the accounting estimate is made and different estimates or changes to an estimate could have a material impact on the reported financial position, changes in financial condition or results of operations. Such critical estimates are discussed below. For these, materially different amounts could be reported under varied conditions and assumptions. Other items in the Company's consolidated financial statements require estimation; however, in the Company's opinion, they are not as critical as those discussed below.

Business Combinations

We allocate the fair value of purchase consideration to the assets acquired, liabilities assumed, and any noncontrolling interest based on their fair values at the acquisition date. When determining the fair values, we make significant estimates and assumptions, especially concerning intangible assets. Critical estimates when valuing intangible assets include expected future cash flows based on consideration of revenue and revenue growth rates and margins, customer attrition rates, future changes in technology and brand awareness, loyalty and position, and discount rates. Any purchase consideration in excess of the fair values of the net assets acquired is recorded as goodwill.

Amounts recorded in a business combination may change during the measurement period, which is a period not to exceed one year from the date of acquisition, as additional information about conditions existing at the acquisition date becomes available.

Acquisition costs are expensed as incurred.

Revenue Recognition

Revenue is measured based on the transaction price and the quantity of parts specified in a contract with a customer. Discrete price adjustments may occur during the vehicle production period in order for the Company to remain competitive with market prices or based on changes in product specifications. Some of these price adjustments are non-routine in nature and require estimation. In the event the Company concludes that a portion of the revenue for a given part may vary from the purchase order, the Company records consideration at the most likely amount to which the Company expects to be entitled based on historical experience and input from customer negotiations. See Note 1, "Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” in the Company's consolidated financial statements included in Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional information.

Product Warranty and Recall

The Company accrues for warranty obligations for products sold based on management estimates, with support from the Company’s sales, engineering, quality, and legal functions, of the amount that eventually will be required to settle such obligations. This accrual is based on several factors including contractual arrangements, past experience, current claims, production changes, industry developments, and various other considerations. The Company accrues for product recall claims related to potential financial participation in customer actions to provide remedies as a result of actual or threatened regulatory or court actions or the Company’s determination of the potential for such actions. The Company's accrual for recall claims is based on specific facts and circumstances underlying individual claims with support from the Company’s engineering, quality, and legal functions. Amounts accrued are based upon management’s best estimate of the amount that will ultimately be required to settle such claims. See Note 19, "Commitments and Contingencies" in the Company's consolidated financial statements included in Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional information.

Restructuring

The Company accrues costs in connection with its restructuring of the engineering, administration, and manufacturing organizations. These accruals include estimates primarily related to employee headcount, local statutory benefits, and other employee termination costs. Actual costs may vary from these estimates. These accruals are reviewed on a quarterly basis and changes to restructuring actions are recognized when identified. See Note 4, “Restructuring and Impairments” in the Company's consolidated financial statements included in Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional information.

Pension Plans

Certain Company employees participate in defined benefit pension plans or retirement/termination indemnity plans. The Company has approximately $97 million in unfunded net pension liabilities as of December 31, 2024, of which approximately $80 million and $17 million are attributable to U.S. and non-U.S. pension plans, respectively. The determination of the Company’s obligations and expense for its pension plans is dependent on assumptions set by the Company used by actuaries in calculating such amounts. Assumptions, including the discount rate, expected long-term rate of return on plan assets, and rate of increase in compensation, are described in Note 12, “Employee Benefit Plans” to the Company’s consolidated financial statements included in Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, which are incorporated herein by reference.

Actual results that differ from assumptions used are accumulated and amortized over future periods and, accordingly, generally affect recognized expense in future periods. Therefore, assumptions used to calculate benefit obligations as of the annual measurement date directly impact the expense to be recognized in future periods. The primary assumptions affecting the Company’s accounting for employee benefits, as of December 31, 2024, are as follows:

Expected long-term rate of return on plan assets

The expected long-term rate of return is used to calculate net periodic pension cost. The required use of the expected long-term rate of return on plan assets may result in recognized returns that are greater or less than the actual returns on those plan assets in any given year. Over time the expected long-term rate of return on plan assets is designed to approximate actual returns. The expected long-term rate of return for pension assets has been estimated based on various inputs, including historical returns for the different asset classes held by the Company’s trusts and its asset allocation, as well as inputs from internal and external sources regarding expected capital market returns, inflation, and other variables.

U.S. Plans Non-U.S. Plans

The Company has set the long-term rates of return assumptions for its 2025 pension expense which range from 2.00% to 10.60% outside the U.S. and 7.06% in the U.S.

Discount rate

The Company uses the spot rate method to estimate the service and interest components of net periodic benefit cost for pension benefits for its U.S. and certain non-U.S. plans. The Company has elected to utilize an approach that discounts individual expected cash flows underlying interest and service costs using the applicable spot rates derived from the yield curve used to determine the benefit obligation to the relevant projected cash flows. The discount rate assumption is based on market rates for a hypothetical portfolio of high-quality corporate bonds rated Aa or better with maturities closely matched to the timing of projected benefit payments for each plan at its annual measurement date.

U.S. Plans Non-U.S. Plans

While the Company believes that these assumptions are appropriate, significant differences in actual experience or significant changes in these assumptions may materially affect the Company’s pension benefit obligations and its future expense. The following table illustrates the sensitivity to a change in certain assumptions for Company sponsored U.S. and non-U.S. pension plans on its 2024 funded status and 2025 pretax pension expense.

(a) Assumes all other assumptions are held constant.

(b) Excludes impact of assets used to hedge discount rate volatility.

Income Taxes

The Company's income tax expense, deferred tax assets, deferred tax liabilities, and liabilities for uncertain tax benefits reflect management’s best estimate of current and future taxes to be paid. The Company is subject to income taxes in the United States and numerous foreign jurisdictions. Significant judgments and estimates are required in the determination of consolidated income tax expense.

Deferred income taxes arise from temporary differences between the tax basis of assets and liabilities and their reported amounts in the financial statements, which will result in taxable or deductible amounts in the future. In evaluating the Company's ability to realize a benefit with respect to the deferred tax assets in the jurisdiction from which they arise, the Company considers all available positive and negative evidence, including historical and projected future taxable income, the expected timing of the reversals of existing temporary differences, the expected utilization of existing tax attribute carryforwards (e.g., net operating losses and foreign tax credits), and tax planning strategies.

In developing the Company's estimates of future taxable income, the Company considers both the historical operating results adjusted for certain nonrecurring transactions, as well as the Company's actual forecasted state, federal, and foreign pretax operating income. These estimates, and the relative weights placed thereon, require the use of significant judgment and are consistent with the plans and estimates the Company is using to manage the underlying businesses.

If, based upon the weight of available evidence, it is more likely than not the deferred tax assets will not be realized, a valuation allowance is recorded.

Prior to the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company recorded a full valuation allowance against the U.S. deferred tax assets primarily due to historical cumulative losses.

For the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company evaluated both positive and negative evidence when considering if it was more likely than not that US deferred tax assets would be realized. The Company concluded that the positive evidence, which included the Company (1) being in a substantive three-year U.S. cumulative income position, (2) reporting U.S. income for 10 of the past 12 quarters, and (3) forecasting U.S. book and taxable income for the year ending December 31, 2024, outweighed the negative evidence (the Company’s history of losses).

More specifically, the Company’s forecast of future taxable income using its objective and verifiable earnings history, indicated that it was more likely than not that the Company would be able to realize a benefit for a substantial portion of its U.S. deferred tax assets, resulting in a partial release of its valuation allowance related to its U.S. deferred tax assets. The deferred tax assets not expected to be realized based on the Company’s projections relate primarily to the Company’s existing foreign tax credit carryforwards, as the Company has been and is expected to continue to generate excess credits in the near term, resulting in an inability to use all of its existing credits prior to their expiration dates; certain U.S. federal net operating loss carryforwards that were not expected to provide an incremental cash savings (i.e., they would only displace credits and deductions the Company would have otherwise had available to it); and State operating loss carryforwards with a limited carryforward. The Company recorded a $313 million income tax benefit related to the partial release of its U.S. valuation allowance as of December 31, 2023.

In evaluating the realizability of its U.S. deferred tax assets as of December 31, 2024, the Company considered all positive and negative evidence to determine whether the deferred tax assets are more likely than not to be realized. This assessment resulted in a $49 million income tax benefit, further reducing the U.S. valuation allowance. The change in evidence for assessing the realization of U.S. deferred taxes was primarily due to the Company's actual U.S. taxable income in 2024 exceeding the previous year’s projections, along with projections indicatingcontinued U.S. taxable income in 2025.

The Company’s results of operations are heavily dependent upon customer orders. The potential impact of government actions, such as enforcement oftariffs, has not yet been included in the company’s projections but could have a significant impact on the realization of its deferred tax assets. Given the inherent uncertainty in estimating future events, including projected taxable income, any improvement or deterioration in the Company’s future operating performance could lead to significant changes in the Company's valuation allowance assessments. Factors influencing the remaining valuation allowance include variations in forecasted sales volumes, which depend on customer orders, potential changes in U.S. tax law (such as the capitalization of research and development costs), and the amount of future foreign tax credits generated (since these credits are utilized before the foreign tax credit carryforwards). Additionally, the complexity of determining U.S. taxable income and related foreign tax

credit utilization, considering the Company's global structure, the nature of its deferred tax assets, and the timing of carryforward expiration of some tax attributes, makes it challenging to fully assess the impact on the remaining valuation allowance if meaningful changes occur.

See Note 13, "Income Taxes" in the Company's consolidated financial statements included in Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional information.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

See Note 1, “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” to the Company's consolidated financial statements under Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for a discussion of recent accounting pronouncements.

Forward-Looking Statements

Certain statements contained or incorporated in this Annual Report on Form 10-K which are not statements of historical fact constitute “Forward-Looking Statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 (the “Reform Act”). Forward-looking statements give current expectations or forecasts of future events. Words such as “anticipate”, “expect”, “intend”, “plan”, “believe”, “seek”, “estimate” and other words and terms of similar meaning in connection with discussions of future operating or financial performance signify forward-looking statements. These statements reflect the Company’s current views with respect to future events and are based on assumptions and estimates, which are subject to risks and uncertainties including those discussed in Item 1A under the heading “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Accordingly, undue reliance should not be placed on these forward-looking statements. Also, these forward-looking statements represent the Company’s estimates and assumptions only as of the date of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. The Company does not intend to update any of these forward-looking statements to reflect circumstances or events that occur after the statement is made and qualifies all of its forward-looking statements by these cautionary statements.

You should understand that various factors, in addition to those discussed elsewhere in this document, could affect the Company’s future results and could cause results to differ materially from those expressed in such forward-looking statements, including:

•Uncertainties in U.S. policy regarding trade agreements, tariffs or other internation trade policies and any response to such actions by foreign countries.

•Significant or prolonged shortage of critical components from Visteon’s suppliers including, but not limited to semiconductors and those components from suppliers who are sole or primary sources.

•Failure of the Company’s joint venture partners to comply with contractual obligations or to exert undue influence in China.

•Significant changes in the competitive environment in the major markets where Visteon procures materials, components, or supplies or where its products are manufactured, distributed, or sold.

•Visteon’s ability to satisfy its future capital and liquidity requirements; Visteon’s ability to access the credit and capital markets at the times and in the amounts needed and on terms acceptable to Visteon; Visteon’s ability to comply with covenants applicable to it; and the continuation of acceptable customer and supplier payment terms.

•Visteon's ability to avoid or continue to operate during a strike, or partial work stoppage or slow down at any of Visteon's principal customers

•Visteon’s ability to access funds generated by its foreign subsidiaries and joint ventures on a timely and cost-effective basis.

•Changes in the operations (including products, product planning, and part sourcing), financial condition, results of operations, or market share of Visteon’s customers.

•Changes in vehicle production volume of Visteon’s customers in the markets where it operates.

•Increases in commodity costs and the Company's ability to offset or recover these costs or disruptions in the supply of commodities, including resins, copper, fuel, and natural gas.

•Visteon’s ability to generate cost savings to offset or exceed agreed-upon price reductions or price reductions to win additional business and, in general, improve its operating performance; to achieve the benefits of its restructuring actions; and to recover engineering and tooling costs and capital investments.

•Visteon’s ability to compete favorably with automotive parts suppliers with lower cost structures and greater ability to rationalize operations; and to exit non-performing businesses on satisfactory terms, particularly due to limited flexibility under existing labor agreements.

•Restrictions in labor contracts with unions that restrict Visteon’s ability to close plants, divest unprofitable, noncompetitive businesses, change local work rules and practices at a number of facilities, and implement cost-saving measures.

•The costs and timing of facility closures or dispositions, business or product realignments, or similar restructuring actions, including potential asset impairment or other charges related to the implementation of these actions or other adverse industry conditions and contingent liabilities.

•Legal and administrative proceedings, investigations, and claims, including shareholder class actions, inquiries by regulatory agencies, product liability, warranty, employee-related, environmental and safety claims, and any recalls of products manufactured or sold by Visteon.

•Changes in economic conditions, currency exchange rates, interest rates, changes in foreign laws, regulations or trade policies, or political stability in foreign countries where Visteon procures materials, components, or supplies or where its products are manufactured, distributed, or sold.

•Shortages of materials or interruptions in transportation systems, labor strikes, work stoppages, or other interruptions to or difficulties in the employment of labor in the major markets where Visteon purchases materials, components, or supplies to manufacture its products or where its products are manufactured, distributed, or sold.

•Visteon’s ability to satisfy its pension and other postretirement employee benefit obligations, and to retire outstanding debt and satisfy other contractual commitments, all at the levels and times planned by management.

•Changes in laws, tariffs, regulations, policies or other activities of governments, agencies and similar organizations, domestic and foreign, that may tax or otherwise increase the cost of, prohibit, or otherwise affect, the manufacture, licensing, distribution, sale, ownership, or use of Visteon’s products or assets.

•Possible terrorist attacks or acts of war, which could exacerbate other risks such as slowed vehicle production, interruptions in the transportation system, changes in fuel prices, and disruptions of supply.

•The cyclical and seasonal nature of the automotive industry.

•Visteon’s ability to comply with environmental, safety, and other regulations applicable to it and any increase in the requirements, responsibilities, and associated expenses and expenditures of these regulations.

•Disruptions in information technology systems including, but not limited to, system failure, cyber-attack, malicious computer software (malware including ransomware), unauthorized physical or electronic access, or other natural or man-made incidents or disasters.

•Visteon’s ability to protect its intellectual property rights and to respond to changes in technology and technological risks and to claims by others that Visteon infringes their intellectual property rights.

•Visteon’s ability to quickly and adequately remediate control deficiencies in its internal control over financial reporting.

•Other factors, risks and uncertainties detailed from time to time in Visteon’s Securities and Exchange Commission filings.

Item 7A.Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

The primary market risks to which the Company is exposed include changes in currency exchange rates, interest rates and certain commodity prices. The Company manages these risks through operating actions including fixed price contracts with suppliers and cost sourcing arrangements with customers and through various derivative instruments. The Company's use of derivative instruments is strictly intended for hedging purposes to mitigate market risks pursuant to written risk management policies. Accordingly, derivative instruments are not used for speculative or trading purposes. The Company's use of derivative instruments creates exposure to credit loss in the event of non-performance by the counter-party to the derivative financial instruments. The Company limits this exposure by entering into agreements directly with a variety of major financial institutions with high credit standards and that are expected to fully satisfy their obligations under the contracts. Additionally, the Company's ability to utilize derivatives to manage market risk is dependent on credit conditions, market conditions, and prevailing economic environment.

Foreign Currency Risk

The Company’s net cash inflows and outflows exposed to the risk of changes in foreign currency exchange rates arise from the sale of products in countries other than the manufacturing source, foreign currency denominated supplier payments, debt and other payables, subsidiary dividends, investments in subsidiaries, and anticipated foreign currency denominated transaction proceeds. The Company may utilize derivative financial instruments to manage foreign currency exchange rate risks. Forward and option contracts may be utilized to reduce the impact to the Company's cash flow from adverse movements in exchange rates. Foreign currency exposures are reviewed periodically, and any natural offsets are considered prior to entering into a derivative financial instrument.

In addition to the transactional exposure described above, the Company's operating results are impacted by the translation of its foreign operating income into U.S. dollars. The Company does not enter into currency exchange rate contracts to mitigate this exposure.

The hypothetical pretax gain or loss in fair value from a 10% favorable or adverse change in quoted currency exchange rates would be approximately $20 million and $21 million for foreign currency derivative financial instruments as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. These estimated changes assume a parallel shift in all currency exchange rates and include the gain or loss on financial instruments used to hedge investments in subsidiaries. Because exchange rates typically do not all move in the same direction, the estimate may overstate the impact of changing exchange rates on the net fair value of the Company's financial derivatives. It is also important to note that gains and losses indicated in the sensitivity analysis would generally be offset by gains and losses on the underlying exposures being hedged.

Interest Rate Risk

See Note 18, "Financial Instruments" to the Company's consolidated financial statements included in Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional information.

Commodity Risk

The Company's exposures to market risk from changes in the price of production material are managed primarily through negotiations with suppliers and customers, although there can be no assurance that the Company will recover all such costs. The Company continues to evaluate derivatives available in the marketplace and may decide to utilize derivatives in the future to manage select commodity risks if an acceptable hedging instrument is identified for the Company's exposure level at that time, as well as the effectiveness of the financial hedge among other factors.

Item 8.Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

Visteon Corporation and Subsidiaries

Index to Consolidated Financial Statements

Page No.

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (PCAOB ID: 0034) 36

Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 41

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 44

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

To the stockholders and the Board of Directors of Visteon Corporation

Opinions on the Financial Statements and Internal Control over Financial Reporting

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Visteon Corporation and subsidiaries (the "Company") as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income, cash flows, and changes in equity, for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2024, and the related notes and the schedule listed in the Index at Item 15 (collectively referred to as the "financial statements"). We also have audited the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2024, based on criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO).

In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2024, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Also, in our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2024, based on criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013) issued by COSO.

As described in Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting, management excluded from its assessment the internal control over financial reporting at the German Acquisition, which was acquired on August 29, 2024, and the other Acquisition which was acquired on December 3, 2024. These acquisitions constitute less than 3% of total assets and less than 1% of total revenues of the Company’s consolidated financial statement amounts as of and for the year ended December 31, 2024. Accordingly, our audit did not include the internal control over financial reporting at the German Acquisition or the other Acquisition.

Basis for Opinions

The Company’s management is responsible for these financial statements, for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements and an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud, and whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects.

Our audits of the financial statements included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures to respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audits also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinions.

Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and

expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

Critical Audit Matters

The critical audit matters communicated below are matters arising from the current-period audit of the financial statements that were communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that (1) relate to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matters below, providing separate opinions on the critical audit matters or on the accounts or disclosures to which they relate.

Revenue Recognition - Non-routine price adjustments - Refer to Note 1 to the financial statements

Critical Audit Matter Description

The Company’s revenue is measured based on the transaction price and the quantity of parts specified in a contract with a customer. Discrete price adjustments may occur during the vehicle production period in order for the Company to remain competitive with market prices or based on changes in product specifications. Some of these price adjustments are non-routine in nature and require estimation. In the event the Company concludes that a portion of the revenue for a given part may vary from the purchase order, the Company records consideration at the most likely amount to which the Company expects to be entitled based on historical experience and input from customer negotiations.

Auditing non-routine price adjustments requires auditor judgment to evaluate the evidence available from customer negotiations.

How the Critical Audit Matter Was Addressed in the Audit

Our audit procedures related to non-routine price adjustments including the following, among others:

•We tested the effectiveness of controls over non-routine price adjustments.

•We tested a sample of non-routine price adjustments recorded and compared such adjustments to underlying supporting documentation.

•We inspected pricing-related communications between the Company and its customers.

•We evaluated management’s process for estimating non-routine price adjustments by comparing current year adjustments to accruals established in prior periods.

•We made inquiries of Company executives responsible for customer relationships regarding customer negotiations and non-routine price adjustments.

Income Taxes - U.S. net deferred tax asset valuation allowance - Refer to Note 1 and Note 14 to the financial statements

Critical Audit Matter Description

The Company records a valuation allowance to reduce deferred tax assets when it is more likely than not that such assets will not be realized. In determining the need for a valuation allowance, all available positive and negative evidence, including historical and projected financial performance, is considered along with any other pertinent information.

As of December 31, 2024, after considering all positive and negative evidence, including improvement in the Company’s U.S. profitability beyond the projections utilized in estimating the realizability of its U.S. deferred tax assets in 2023, the Company concluded that additional U.S. deferred income tax assets were more likely than not to be realized resulting in a $49 million non-cash benefit (the tax benefit) to income tax expense in 2024. In determining the amount of the U.S. valuation allowance to release, the Company applied the incremental economic benefit approach.

Auditing the tax benefit required a high degree of auditor judgment and an increased extent of effort, including the need to involve our income tax specialists, due to the complexity in applying the incremental economic benefit approach.

How the Critical Audit Matter Was Addressed in the Audit

Our audit procedures related to the Company’s tax benefit included the following, among others:

•We tested the effectiveness of controls over management’s application of the incremental economic benefit approach to determine the amount of the tax benefit.

•With the assistance of our income tax specialists, we tested the application of the incremental economic benefit approach including the underlying data and assumptions used by management.

•We tested the completeness and accuracy of management’s calculation of the tax benefit.

/s/ Deloitte & Touche LLP

Detroit, Michigan

February 18, 2025

We have served as the Company's auditor since 2022.

VISTEON CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(In millions, except per share amounts)

Year Ended December 31,

Selling, general and administrative expenses (207) (207) (188)

Restructuring and impairment, net (32) (5) (14)

Interest expense (15) (17) (14)

Equity in net (loss) income of non-consolidated affiliates (3) (10) (1)

Other income (loss), net 7 (1) 20

Benefit from (provision for) income taxes (14) 248 (45)

Less: Net (income) loss attributable to non-controlling interests (10) (19) (6)

Net income (loss) attributable to Visteon Corporation $ 274 $ 486 $ 124

See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.

VISTEON CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

(In millions)

Year Ended December 31,

Foreign currency translation adjustments (a) (68) 15 (66)

Net investment hedge (a) 13 (7) 8

Benefit plans, net of tax (a) 10 (51) 56

Unrealized hedging gains (losses), net of tax (a) (1) (1) 13

Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax (46) (44) 11

Comprehensive income attributable to non-controlling interests 16 16 1

Comprehensive income attributable to Visteon Corporation $ 222 $ 445 $ 140

(a) These amounts are net of income tax effects.

See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.

VISTEON CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(In millions)

December 31,

ASSETS

Cash and equivalents $ 623 $ 515

Restricted cash 3 3

Accounts receivable, net 578 666

Property and equipment, net 452 418

Intangible assets, net 152 90

Investments in non-consolidated affiliates 27 35

Other non-current assets 94 75

LIABILITIES AND EQUITY

Short-term debt $ 18 $ 18

Accrued employee liabilities 107 99

Current lease liability 29 30

Other current liabilities 257 233

Total current liabilities 916 931

Non-current lease liability 78 79

Deferred tax liabilities 43 31

Other non-current liabilities 87 85

Stockholders’ equity:

Accumulated other comprehensive loss (306) (254)

Total Visteon Corporation stockholders’ equity 1,229 1,038

Non-controlling interests 81 85

Total liabilities and equity $ 2,862 $ 2,727

See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.

VISTEON CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(In millions)

Year Ended December 31,

Operating Activities

Non-cash stock-based compensation 41 34 26

Impairments — — 5

U.S. deferred tax benefit (49) (313) —

Other non-cash items 9 (6) (1)

Changes in assets and liabilities:

Other assets and other liabilities 8 (7) 10

Net cash provided from operating activities 427 267 167

Investing Activities

Capital expenditures, including intangibles (137) (125) (81)

Acquisition of businesses, net of cash acquired (55) — —

Net investment hedge transactions — — 12

Loan provided to non-consolidated affiliate (5) — —

Loan repayment from non-consolidated affiliate 5 — —

Other, net 3 2 1

Net cash used by investing activities (189) (123) (68)

Financing Activities

Borrowings on term debt facility — — 350

Payments on term debt facility — — (350)

Short-term debt, net — — (4)

Principal repayment of term debt facility (18) (13) —

Dividends paid to non-controlling interests (12) (29) (2)

Repurchase of common stock (63) (106) —

Stock based compensation tax withholding payments (7) (16) —

Proceeds from the exercise of stock options — 8 —

Other — — (3)

Net cash used by financing activities (100) (156) (9)

Effect of exchange rate changes on cash (30) 7 (22)

Net increase (decrease) in cash, equivalents, and restricted cash 108 (5) 68

Cash, equivalents, and restricted cash at beginning of the period 518 523 455

Cash, equivalents, and restricted cash at end of the period $ 626 $ 518 $ 523

Supplemental Disclosures:

Cash paid for interest $ 14 $ 16 $ 14

Cash paid for income taxes, net of refunds $ 73 $ 68 $ 29

See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.

VISTEON CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY

(In millions)

Total Visteon Corporation Stockholders' Equity

Other comprehensive income (loss) — — — 16 — 16 (5) 11

Stock-based compensation, net — 3 — — 16 19 — 19

Cash dividends — — — — — — (2) (2)

Other comprehensive income (loss) — — — (41) — (41) (3) (44)

Stock-based compensation, net — 4 — — 21 25 — 25

Cash dividends — — — — — — (30) (30)

Other comprehensive income (loss) — — — (52) — (52) 6 (46)

Stock-based compensation, net — 20 — — 12 32 — 32

Shares repurchase — — — — (63) (63) — (63)

Dividends payable — — — — — — (7) (7)

Cash dividends — — — — — — (12) (12)

Acquisition of non-controlling interest — — — — — — (1) (1)

See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.

VISTEON CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NOTE 1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation: Visteon Corporation (the "Company" or "Visteon") financial statements have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States ("U.S. GAAP") on a going concern basis, which contemplates the continuity of operations, realization of assets, and satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business.

Principles of Consolidation: The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and subsidiaries over which it exerts control. Investments in affiliates over which the Company does not exercise control, but does have the ability to exercise significant influence over operating and financial policies, are accounted for using the equity method.

The Company determines whether the joint venture in which it has invested is a Variable Interest Entity (“VIE”) at the start of each new venture and when a reconsideration event has occurred. An enterprise must consolidate a VIE if it is determined to be the primary beneficiary of the VIE. The primary beneficiary has both the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly impact the entity’s economic performance and the obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive benefits from the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE.

Use of Estimates: The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect amounts reported herein. Considerable judgment is involved in making these determinations and the use of different estimates or assumptions could result in significantly different results. Management believes its assumptions and estimates are reasonable and appropriate. However, actual results could differ from those reported herein. Events and changes in circumstances arising after December 31, 2024 will be reflected in management's estimates for future periods.

Foreign Currency: We translate the assets and liabilities of foreign subsidiaries to United States (U.S.) dollars at end-of-period exchange rates. We translate the income statement elements of foreign subsidiaries to U.S. dollars at average-period exchange rates. We report the effect of translation for foreign subsidiaries that use the local currency as their functional currency as a separate component of stockholders' equity. Gains and losses resulting from the remeasurement of assets and liabilities in a currency other than the functional currency of a subsidiary are reported in current period income. We also report any gains and losses arising from transactions denominated in a currency other than the functional currency of a subsidiary in current period income. Net transaction gains and losses decreased net income by $2 million, decreased net income by $2 million, and increased net income by $5 million for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022, respectively.

Revenue Recognition: The Company generates revenue from the production of automotive vehicle cockpit electronics parts sold to Original Equipment Manufacturers ("OEMs"), or Tier 1 suppliers at the direction of the OEM, under long-term supply agreements supporting new vehicle production. Such agreements may also require related production for service parts subsequent to initial vehicle production periods.

The Company’s contracts with customers consist of various governing documents (such as long-term supply agreements, master purchase agreements, purchase orders and customer release order) which do not reach the level of a performance obligation of the Company until the Company receives either a purchase order and/or a customer release for a specific number of parts at a specified price, at which point the collective group of documents represent an enforceable contract. While the long-term supply agreements generally range from three to five years, customers make no commitments to volumes, and pricing or specifications can change prior to or during production. The Company recognizes revenue when control of the parts produced are transferred to the customer according to the terms of the contract, which is usually when the parts are shipped or delivered to the customer’s premises. Customers are generally invoiced upon shipment or delivery and payment generally occurs within 45 to 90 days and do not include significant financing components. Customers in China are often invoiced one month after shipment or delivery. Customer returns, when they occur, relate to quality rework issues and are not connected to any repurchase obligation of the Company. As of December 31, 2024, all unfulfilled performance obligations are expected to be fulfilled within the next twelve months.

the Company records consideration at the most likely amount to which the Company expects to be entitled based on historical experience and input from customer negotiations. The Company records pricing accruals as adjustments to Net sales and Accounts receivable, net, within the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Consolidated Balance Sheets, respectively. In addition, the Company periodically negotiates cost recoveries with its customers.Recoveries are recorded as adjustments to Net sales when agreements with customers become contractual. The Company adjusts its pricing reserves at the earlier of when the most likely amount of consideration changes or when the consideration becomes fixed. In 2024, revenue recognized related to performance obligations satisfied in previous periods represented less than 1% of consolidated net sales.

Taxes assessed by a governmental authority that are both imposed on and concurrent with a specific revenue-producing transaction that are collected by the Company from a customer are excluded from revenue. Shipping and handling costs associated with outbound freight after control of the parts has transferred to a customer are accounted for as a fulfillment cost and are included in Cost of sales.

Restructuring Expense: Restructuring expense includes costs directly associated with exit or disposal activities. Such costs include employee severance and termination benefits, special termination benefits, contract termination fees and penalties, and other exit or disposal costs. In general, the Company records involuntary employee-related exit and disposal costs when there is a substantive plan for employee severance and related costs are probable and estimable. For one-time termination benefits (i.e., no substantive plan) and employee retention costs, expense is recorded when the employees are entitled to receive such benefits and the amount can be reasonably estimated. Contract termination fees and penalties and other exit and disposal costs are generally recorded when incurred.

Debt Issuance Costs: The costs related to issuance or modification of long-term debt are deferred and amortized into interest expense over the life of each respective debt issue. Deferred amounts associated with debt extinguished prior to maturity are expensed upon extinguishment.

Other Costs within Cost of Sales: Repair and maintenance costs, certain pre-production costs, and research and development expenses are expensed as incurred. Pre-production costs expensed represent engineering and development costs that are not contractually guaranteed for reimbursement by the customer. Research and development expenses include salary and related employee benefits, contractor fees, information technology, occupancy, telecommunications, depreciation, forward model program development, and advanced engineering activities. Research and development expenses were $191 million, $210 million, and $196 million in 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively, which includes recoveries from customers of $143 million, $120 million and $145 million, respectively.

Net Earnings (Loss) Per Share Attributable to Visteon: Basic earnings (loss) per share is calculated by dividing net income (loss) attributable to Visteon by the average number of shares of common stock outstanding. Diluted earnings (loss) per share is computed by dividing net income (loss) attributable to Visteon by the average number of common and potential dilutive common shares outstanding after deducting undistributed income allocated to participating securities. Performance based share units are considered contingently issuable shares and are included in the computation of diluted earnings per share if their conditions have been satisfied as if the reporting date was the end of the contingency period.

Cash and Equivalents: The Company considers all highly liquid investments purchased with an original maturity of three months or less, including short-term time deposits, commercial paper, repurchase agreements, and money market funds to be cash and cash equivalents. As of December 31, 2024, the Company's cash balances are invested in a diversified portfolio of cash and highly liquid cash equivalents including money market funds and time deposits with highly rated banking institutions with maturities less than three months. The cost of such funds approximates fair value based on the nature of the investment.

Restricted Cash: Restricted cash represents amounts designated for uses other than current operations and includes $2 million related to a Letter of Credit Facility, and $1 million related to cash collateral for other corporate purposes as of December 31, 2024 and 2023.

Accounts Receivable: Accounts receivable are stated at the invoiced amount, less an allowance for doubtful accounts for estimated amounts not expected to be collected, and do not bear interest.

The Company receives bank notes from certain customers in China to settle trade accounts receivable. The collection on such bank notes are included in operating cash flows based on the substance of the underlying transactions, which are operating in nature. The Company may hold such bank notes until maturity, exchange them with suppliers to settle liabilities, or sell them to third-party financial institutions in exchange for cash. The Company has entered into arrangements with financial institutions to sell certain bank notes, generally maturing within nine months. Bank notes are sold with recourse but qualify as a sale as all

rights to the notes have passed to the financial institution. The Company redeemed $159 million of China bank notes during the year ended December 31, 2024. Remaining amounts outstanding at third-party institutions related to sold bank notes will mature by June 30, 2025.

Allowance for Doubtful Accounts: The Company establishes an allowance for doubtful accounts for accounts receivable based on the current expected credit loss impairment model (“CECL”). The Company applies a historical loss rate based on historic write-offs by region to aging categories. The historical loss rate will be adjusted for current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts of future losses, as necessary.The Company may also record a specific reserve for individual accounts when the Company becomes aware of specific customer circumstances, such as in the case of a bankruptcy filing or deterioration in the customer's operating results or financial position.

The allowance for doubtful accounts related to accounts receivable and related activity are summarized below:

December 31,

Balance at beginning of year $ 7 $ 5 $ 4

Balance at end of year $ 10 $ 7 $ 5

Provision for estimated uncollectible accounts receivable are included in Selling, general and administrative expenses in the Company's Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Inventories: Inventories are stated at the lower of cost, determined on a first-in, first-out (“FIFO”) basis, or net realizable value. Cost includes the cost of materials, direct labor, in-bound freight and the applicable share of manufacturing overhead. The cost of inventories is reduced for excess and obsolete inventories based on management’s review of on-hand inventories compared to historical and estimated future sales and usage.

Product Tooling: Product tooling includes molds, dies, and other tools used in production of a specific part or parts of the same basic design owned either by the Company or its customers. Company owned tooling is capitalized and depreciated over the shorter of the expected useful life of the tooling or the term of the supply arrangement, generally not exceeding six years. The Company had receivables of $29 million and $22 million as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, related to product tools which will not be owned by the Company and for which there is a contractual agreement for reimbursement from the customer.

Contractually Reimbursable Engineering Costs: Engineering, testing, and other costs incurred in the design and development of production parts are expensed as incurred, unless the cost reimbursement is contractually guaranteed in a customer contract, in which case costs are capitalized and subsequently reduced upon lump sum or piece price recoveries.

Property and Equipment: Property and equipment is stated at cost, or if impaired at fair value as of the impairment date. Property and equipment is depreciated using the straight-line method of depreciation over the related asset's estimated useful life.

Asset impairment charges are recorded for assets held-in-use when events and circumstances indicate that such assets may not be recoverable and the undiscounted net cash flows estimated to be generated by those assets are less than their carrying amounts. If estimated future undiscounted cash flows are not sufficient to recover the carrying value of the assets, an impairment charge is recorded for the amount by which the carrying value of the assets exceeds fair value. Fair value is determined using appraisals, management estimates, or discounted cash flow calculations. For further detail on asset impairments see Note 4, "Restructuring and Impairments."

Leases: The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease at contract inception. Right-of-use ("ROU") assets represent the Company's right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent its obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Operating lease ROU assets and liabilities are recognized at commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. As most of the Company's leases do not provide an implicit rate, the Company estimates the incremental borrowing rate to discount the lease payments based on information available at lease commencement. The Company's lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise such options. Lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. The

Company has lease agreements containing lease and non-lease components which are accounted for as a single lease component.

Goodwill: The Company performs either a qualitative or quantitative assessment of goodwill for impairment on an annual basis. Goodwill impairment is tested annually on October 1 and when occasions warrant a review. Goodwill impairment testing is performed at the reporting unit level. The qualitative assessment considers several factors at the reporting unit level including the excess of fair value over carrying value as of the last quantitative impairment test, the length of time since the last fair value measurement, the current carrying value, market and industry metrics, actual performance compared to forecast performance, and the Company's current outlook on the business. If the qualitative assessment indicates it is more likely than not that goodwill is impaired, the reporting unit is quantitatively tested for impairment. To quantitatively test goodwill for impairment, the fair value of the reporting unit is determined and compared to the carrying value. An impairment charge is recognized for the amount by which the reporting unit's carrying value exceeds its fair value.

Intangible Assets: Definite-lived intangible assets are amortized over their estimated useful lives, and tested for impairment in

accordance with the methodology discussed above under "Property and Equipment."

Government Incentives: The Company receives certain incentives from governments primarily related to research and development programs. The Company records incentives in accordance with their purpose as a reduction of expense or an offset to the related property and equipment. The benefit is recorded when all conditions related to the incentive have been met or are expected to be met and there is reasonable assurance of their receipt. The Company recorded incentive benefits of $2 million and less than $1 million for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and deferred income of $3 million and $1 million as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Product Warranty and Recall: Amounts accrued for product warranty and recall claims are based on management’s best estimates of the amounts that will ultimately be required to settle such items. The Company’s estimates for product warranty and recall obligations are developed with support from its sales, engineering, quality, and legal functions and include consideration of contractual arrangements, past experience, current claims and related information, production changes, industry and regulatory developments and various other considerations. For further detail on warranty obligations see Note 19, "Commitments and Contingencies."

Income Taxes: Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases and operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The Company records a valuation allowance to reduce deferred tax assets when it is more likely than not that such assets will not be realized. This assessment requires significant judgment, and must be done on a jurisdiction-by-jurisdiction basis. The Company monitors the realizability of its deferred tax assets taking into account all relevant factors at each reporting period. In determining the need for a valuation allowance, all available positive and negative evidence, including historical and projected financial performance, is considered along with any other pertinent information. The Company valuation allowance assessment is based on its best estimate of future results considering all available information.

The Company operates in multiple jurisdictions throughout the world and the income tax returns of its subsidiaries in various tax jurisdictions are subject to periodic examination by respective tax authorities. The Company regularly assesses the status of these examinations and the potential for adverse and/or favorable outcomes to determine the adequacy of its provision for income taxes. The Company believes that it has adequately provided for tax adjustments that it believes are more likely than not to be realized as a result of any ongoing or future examination. Accounting estimates associated with uncertain tax positions requires the Company to make judgments regarding the sustainability of each uncertain tax position based on its technical merits. If the Company determines it is more likely than not a tax position will be sustained based on its technical merits, the Company records the largest amount that is greater than 50% likely of being realized upon ultimate settlement. These estimates are updated at each reporting date based on the facts, circumstances and information available. Due to the complexity of these uncertainties, the ultimate resolution may result in a payment that is materially different from the Company's current estimate of the liabilities recorded. Accrued interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits are classified as income tax expense.

Value Added Taxes: The Company reports value added taxes collected from customers and remitted to government authorities, on a net basis within Cost of sales.

Financial Instruments: The Company uses derivative financial instruments, including forward contracts, swaps, and options to manage exposures to changes in currency exchange rates and interest rates. The Company's policy specifically prohibits the use of derivatives for speculative or trading purposes.

Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted

In August 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-05, "Joint Venture Formation (Subtopic 805-60) - Recognition and initial measurement." to provide decision-useful information to investors and other allocators of capital (collectively, investors) in a joint venture’s financial statements and to create consistency in presentation. The amendments in this ASU are effective for fiscal years beginning after January 1, 2025 and interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company is currently evaluating the impacts of the provisions of ASU 2023-05.

In October 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-06, "Disclosure Improvements (Release No. 33-10532)." The amendments in this update modify the disclosure or presentation requirements of a variety of topics in the codification. Certain of the amendments represent clarifications to or technical corrections of the current requirements. The amendments in this ASU are effective for the interim period June 30, 2027. The Company is currently evaluating the impacts of the provisions of ASU 2023-06.

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-09 (“ASU 2023-09”), Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvement to Income Tax Disclosures to enhance the transparency and decision usefulness of income tax disclosures. ASU 2023-09 is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024 on a prospective basis and early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the potential effect of this accounting standard update on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU No. 2024-03 (“ASU 2024-03”), Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses (DISE) which requires disaggregated disclosure of income statement expenses for public business entities. The standard requires public business entities to disclose disaggregated information about specific natural expense categories underlying certain income statement expense line items that are considered relevant. The FASB also issued ASU No. 2025-01 (“ASU 2025-01”), Clarifying the Effective Date, which clarifies the adoption date of ASU 2024-03 as annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim periods within annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027 The Company is currently evaluating the potential effect of this accounting standard update on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

Recently adopted accounting pronouncements

In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-07, Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures (Topic 280). This ASU updates reportable segment disclosure requirements by requiring disclosures of significant reportable segment expenses that are regularly provided to the Chief Operating Decision Maker (“CODM”) and included within each reported measure of a segment's profit or loss. This ASU also requires disclosure of the title and position of the individual identified as the CODM and an explanation of how the CODM uses the reported measures of a segment’s profit or loss in assessing segment performance and deciding how to allocate resources. The Company adopted this ASU retrospectively on December 31, 2024. Refer to Note 20, "Segment Information and Revenue Recognition" inclusion of the new required disclosures.

NOTE 2. Business Acquisition

On August 29, 2024, Visteon acquired all equity shares of a German advanced design and R&D services company for cash of $55 million ("German Acquisition") not including contingent consideration of up to $13 million to be paid over a period not to exceed three years if certain financial and operational milestones are achieved. The German Acquisition is expected to expand and strengthen the Company's technology service offerings.

As of December 31, 2024, the German Acquisition purchase price was allocated to the assets and liabilities assumed as follows:

(In millions)

Fair value of contingent consideration 8

Total fair value of consideration $ 63

Assets acquired:

Cash $ 3

Accounts receivable 5

Intangible assets 36

Other non-current assets 2

Liabilities assumed:

Deferred tax liability $ 11

Other liabilities 8

Goodwill $ 36

The German Acquisition was accounted for as a business combination, assets acquired and liabilities assumed were initially recorded at estimated fair values based on management's estimates at the date of acquisition based on available information, reasonable and supportable assumptions and, when necessary, a third-party utilized by the Company to assist with certain fair value estimates. The purchase price was allocated on a preliminary basis as of August 29, 2024, certain adjustments were made as of December 31, 2024 based on updated information provided by management, such adjustments resulted in an increase in goodwill of $1 million. The purchase price allocation is subject to change during the measurement period and may be subsequently adjusted to reflect final valuation results. The measurement period is not to exceed one year from the acquisition date during which the Company may adjust estimated or provisional amounts recorded if new information is obtained about facts and circumstances that existed as of the acquisition date that, if known, would have resulted in revised estimated values of those assets or liabilities as of that date. Measurement period adjustments are recorded in the period identified. Any adjustments to amounts recorded in purchase accounting that do not qualify as measurement period adjustments are included in earnings in the period identified. As of December 31, 2024 the final purchase price allocation has not been completed.

Fair values for intangible assets were based on the income approach including excess earnings and relief from royalty methods. The Company recorded intangible assets including a tradename of $2 million and customer-related assets totaling $34 million. These definite-lived intangible assets are being amortized using the straight-line method over their estimated useful lives of 10 years for tradename and 15 years for customer-related assets. The fair value of contingent consideration was measured using a Monte Carlo simulation which is a financial model that utilizes the probabilities of various outcomes.

Goodwill arising from the Acquisition is deductible for tax purposes.

These fair value measurements are classified within level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. Certain preliminary purchase price allocations may be subsequently adjusted to reflect final valuation results.

The pro forma effects of the German Acquisition do not materially impact the Company's reported results for any period presented, and as a result no unaudited pro forma disclosures are included herein.

The Company incurred $1 million in costs related to the Acquisition which are classified as Other income (expense).

The Company acquired an additional business in the fourth quarter of 2024 for cash consideration of $3 million which was allocated to Goodwill as of December 31, 2024.

NOTE 3. Non-Consolidated Affiliates

A summary of the Company's investments in non-consolidated equity method affiliates is provided below:

December 31,

Yanfeng Visteon Investment Co., Ltd. ("YFVIC") (50%) $ — $ 8

Limited partnerships 15 15

Total investments in non-consolidated affiliates $ 27 $ 35

Investments in Affiliates

Due to losses reported in the aggregate by our non-consolidated affiliates, the Company recorded a reduction in our investments in non-consolidated affiliates of $3 million, $10 million, and $1 million for the year ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022, respectively.

The Company monitors its investments in affiliates for indicators of other-than-temporary declines in value on an ongoing basis. If the Company determines that an other-than-temporary decline in value has occurred, an impairment loss will be recorded, measured as the difference between the carrying value and the fair value of the investment. As of December 31, 2024, the Company determined that no such indicators were present.

Non-Consolidated Affiliate Transactions

The Company has committed to make a $20 million investment in multiple entities principally focused on the automotive sector pursuant to limited partnership agreements. As a limited partner in each entity, the Company will periodically make capital contributions toward this total commitment amount. Through December 31, 2024, the Company had contributed approximately $13 million to these entities. These investments are classified as equity method investments.

In 2022, the Company made an investment in a private limited company focused on technology development for the automotive industry of $1 million. There have been no further contributions as of December 31, 2024.

A $6 million dividend was declared and paid by a non-consolidated affiliate during 2024.

Variable Interest Entities

The Company determined that YFVIC is a VIE. The Company holds a variable interest in YFVIC primarily related to its ownership interests and subordinated financial support. The Company and Yangfeng Automotive Trim Systems Co. Ltd., ("YF") each own 50% of YFVIC and neither entity has the power to control the operations of YFVIC; therefore, the Company is not the primary beneficiary of YFVIC and does not consolidate the joint venture.

A summary of transactions with affiliates is shown below:

Year Ended December 31,

Billings to affiliates (a) $ 50 $ 45

Purchases from affiliates (b) $ 25 $ 62

(a) Primarily relates to parts production and engineering reimbursement

A summary of the Company's investments in YFVIC is provided below:

December 31,

Payables due to YFVIC $ 22 $ 24

Exposure to loss in YFVIC

Investment in YFVIC $ — $ 8

Receivables due from YFVIC 13 19

Maximum exposure to loss in YFVIC $ 13 $ 27

During 2024, the Company's share of YFVIC reported losses were greater than the carrying value of this investment.Based on the equity method of accounting, losses exceeding the investment balance were not recorded and are monitored as suspended losses. As of December 31, 2024, the total suspended loss attributable to YFVIC was $3 million, for which the Company has no contractual obligation to fund.

During the second quarter of 2024, the Company loaned YFVIC $5 million to provide financial support. During the fourth quarter of 2024, YFVIC repaid the loan to the Company in full.

During the fourth quarter of 2022 the Company incurred approximately $19 million of charges related to program management costs and other charges associated with a joint venture. This charge is recorded within Cost of sales.

The Company recorded a $9 million settlement charge related to a one-time contract dispute with a joint venture partner during the second quarter 2022. This charge is recorded within Cost of sales.

NOTE 4.Restructuring and Impairments

During the year ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022, the Company recorded $32 million, $5 million, and $9 million, respectively, of net restructuring expense primarily related to employee severance.

Current restructuring actions include the following:

•During September of 2024, the Company approved a global restructuring program impacting manufacturing and engineering facilities, as well as administrative functions to improve efficiency and further rationalize the Company’s footprint. During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company recorded approximately $27 million of employee severance, retention and termination costs related to this program. As of December 31, 2024, $22 million remains accrued for the program and all payments are expected to be made in 2025.

•During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company approved and recorded $5 million of net restructuring expense related to various other global programs to improve efficiencies and rationalize the Company's footprint. As of December 31, 2024, $2 million remains accrued related to this action.

•During prior periods the Company approved various restructuring programs to improve efficiencies across the organization. As of December 31, 2024, $1 million remains accrued related to these programs.

•As of December 31, 2024, the Company retained restructuring reserves as part of the Company's divestiture of the majority of its global Interiors business (the "Interiors Divestiture") and legacy operations of $3 million associated with completed programs for the fundamental reorganization of operations at facilities in Brazil and France.

Restructuring Reserves

The Company’s restructuring reserves and related activity are summarized below. The Company anticipates that the activities associated with the current restructuring reserve balance will be substantially complete by the end of 2026. The Company’s condensed consolidated restructuring reserves are shown as Other liabilities as detailed in Note 10, "Other Liabilities"..

(In millions)

Expense 6

Change in estimates 3

Payments (15)

Foreign currency (1)

Expense 6

Change in estimates (1)

Payments (8)

Foreign currency —

Payments (10)

Foreign currency (2)

Impairments

The Company evaluates its long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or circumstances indicate the value of these long-lived asset groups are not recoverable.

In 2022, due to the geopolitical situation in Eastern Europe the Company elected to close the Russian facility resulting in a non-cash impairment charge of $5 million to fully impair property and equipment and reduce inventory to its net realizable value. Additionally, as a result of the closure, during the fourth quarter of 2022, the Company recorded expense of approximately $3 millionrelated to foreign currency translation amounts recorded in accumulated other comprehensive loss.

NOTE 5. Inventories

Inventories, net consist of the following components:

December 31,

Work-in-process 31 32

Finished products 53 37

NOTE 6. Other Assets

Other current assets are comprised of the following components:

December 31,

Recoverable taxes $ 47 $ 51

Prepaid assets and deposits 23 24

Contractually reimbursable engineering costs 20 33

Joint venture receivables 13 19

Contractual payments 1 3

Other non-current assets are comprised of the following components:

December 31,

Contractual payments $ 25 $ 22

Contractually reimbursable engineering costs 21 21

Derivative financial instruments 8 1

Recoverable taxes 6 10

Current and non-current contractually reimbursable engineering costs are related to pre-production design and development costs incurred pursuant to long-term supply arrangements that are contractually guaranteed for reimbursement by customers. The Company expects to receive payments of approximately $20 million in 2025, $17 million in 2026, $1 million in 2027, $1 million in 2028 and $2 million in 2029 and beyond.

NOTE 7. Property and Equipment

Property and equipment, net consists of the following:

December 31,

(In millions) Estimated Useful Life (years) 2024 2023

Land $ 8 $ 9

Buildings and improvements 40 100 95

Construction in progress 91 83

Accumulated depreciation and amortization (647) (627)

Property and equipment, net $ 452 $ 418

Depreciation and product tooling amortization expenses are summarized as follows:

Year Ended December 31,

Amortization 7 7 7

The net book value of capitalized internal use software costs was approximately $7 million and $8 million as of December 31, 2024 and 2023. respectively. Related amortization expense was approximately $5 million, $3 million and $5 million for the years ended 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Amortization expense related to internal use software expected for the future annual periods are as follows:

(In millions)

NOTE 8. Intangible Assets

Intangible assets consisted of the following:

Definite-Lived:

Tradename 10 years 10 2 — 2 — — —

Indefinite-Lived:

Capitalized software development consists of software development costs intended for integration into customer products.

Goodwill as of December 31, 2024 consisted of the following:

(In millions)

Foreign currency (5)

Foreign currency (1)

Additions 39

Foreign currency (2)

The Company recorded amortization expense of approximately $12 million, $19 million, and $18 million for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022, respectively, related to definite-lived intangible assets.

The Company currently estimates annual amortization expense to be as follows:

(In millions)

NOTE 9. Leases

The Company has operating leases primarily for corporate offices, technical and engineering centers, plants, vehicles, and certain equipment. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023 the Company had $6 million and $7 million of net assets recorded under finance leasing arrangements, respectively.

Certain of the Company's lease agreements include rental payments adjusted periodically primarily for inflation. The Company’s lease agreements do not contain any material residual value guarantees or material restrictive covenants. The Company subleases certain real estate to third parties primarily in the U.S., Germany, and Brazil.

For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, the weighted average remaining lease term and discount rate for operating leases were 5 years and 4.9% and 4 years and 4.14%, respectively. For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, the weighted average remaining lease term and discount rate for financing leases were 38 years and 4.65% and 40 years and 4.54%, respectively.

The components of lease expense are as follows:

Year Ended December 31,

Short-term lease expense (2) (2) (1)

Sublease income 2 2 2

Total lease expense $ (38) $ (38) $ (35)

Other information related to leases is as follows:

Year Ended December 31,

Cash flows used for operating leases 36 $ 36 $ 33

Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations 29 $ 11 $ 17

Future minimum lease payments under non-cancellable leases are as follows:

(In millions)

Total future minimum lease payments 132

Less imputed interest (25)

Total lease liabilities $ 107

NOTE 10. Other Liabilities

Other current liabilities are summarized as follows:

December 31,

Product warranty and recall $ 49 $ 48

Deferred income 48 57

Non-income taxes payable 33 25

Income taxes payable 25 25

Joint venture payables 22 25

Royalty reserves 19 16

Restructuring reserves 19 5

Dividends payable 10 2

Other non-current liabilities are summarized as follows:

December 31,

Product warranty and recall accruals $ 31 $ 23

Income tax reserves 15 12

Deferred income 12 12

Restructuring reserves 9 3

Contingent payments 2 7

Derivative financial instruments 1 9

NOTE 11. Debt

The Company’s short and long-term debt consists of the following:

Weighted AverageInterest Rate Carrying Value

Short-Term Debt:

Current portion of long-term debt 6.39% 6.53% $ 18 $ 18

Long-Term Debt:

On July 19, 2022 the Company entered into an amended and restated Credit Agreement which included a $350 million Term Facility and a $400 million Revolving Credit Facility. The amendment, among other things, changed the Credit Agreement from a LIBOR-based rate to a Secured Overnight Financing Rate ("SOFR") based rate and extended the Credit Agreement maturity date to July 19, 2027.

VC US Equity

VC · 10-K · period ended 2024-12-31

Item 7.Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Item 7A.Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Item 8.Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

VC US Equity☆

VC · 10-K · period ended 2024-12-31

Item 7.Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Item 7A.Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Item 8.Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

VC US Equity