TCMD US Equity☆

Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes thereto included elsewhere in this report.

This Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations focuses on discussion of year-over-year comparisons between 2024 and 2023. Discussion of 2022 results and year-over-year comparisons between 2023 and 2022 that are not included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K can be found in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in Part II, Item 7 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023, filed with the SEC on February 20, 2024.

Overview

We are a medical technology company that develops and provides innovative medical devices for the treatment of underserved chronic diseases. Our mission is to help people suffering from chronic diseases live better and care for themselves at home. We focus our efforts on advancing the standard of care in treating underserved chronic diseases in the home setting to improve patient outcomes and quality of life and help control rising healthcare expenditures. Our areas of therapeutic focus are (1) vascular disease, with a goal of advancing the standard of care in treating lymphedema and chronic venous insufficiency, (2) oncology, where lymphedema is a common consequence among cancer survivors and (3) providing airway clearance therapy for those suffering from chronic respiratory conditions. We possess a unique, scalable platform to deliver at-home healthcare solutions throughout the United States. This evolving home care delivery model is recognized by policymakers and insurance payers as a key for controlling rising healthcare costs. Our solutions deliver cost-effective, clinically proven, long-term treatment for people with these chronic diseases.

Our current lymphedema products are the Flexitouch Plus, Entre Plus and Nimbl systems and our airway clearance product is the AffloVest. A predecessor to our Flexitouch system received 510(k) clearance from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (the “FDA”) in July 2002, and we introduced the system to address the many limitations of self-administered home-based manual lymphatic drainage therapy. We began selling our more advanced Flexitouch system after receiving 510(k) clearance from the FDA in October 2006. In September 2016, we received 510(k) clearance from the FDA for the Flexitouch system in treating lymphedema of the head and neck. In June 2017, we announced that we received 510(k) clearance from the FDA for the Flexitouch Plus, the third-generation version of our Flexitouch system. In December 2020, we received 510(k) clearance for two new indications for our Flexitouch Plus system: phlebolymphedema and lipedema. We introduced our Entre system in the United States in February 2013 and our Entre Plus system in March 2023. The Entre Plus system is sold or rented to patients who need a simple pump or who do not yet qualify for insurance reimbursement for an advanced compression device such as our Flexitouch Plus system. Nimbl, our next-generation pneumatic compression platform, received 510(k) clearance in June 2024 and, beginning in October 2024, is commercially available throughout the United States for the treatment of upper extremity lymphedema with planned expansion to lower extremity in 2025. Sales and rentals of our lymphedema products represented 89% and 88% of our revenue in the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

On September 8, 2021, we acquired the assets of the AffloVest airway clearance product line. AffloVest is a portable, wearable vest that provides airway clearance to treat patients with chronic respiratory conditions such as bronchiectasis or conditions resulting from neuromuscular disorders. For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, sales of AffloVest represented 11% and 12% of our revenue, respectively.

To support the growth of our business, we continue to invest in our commercial infrastructure, consisting of our direct sales force, DME sales team, patient education team, reimbursement capabilities and clinical expertise. We market our lymphedema products in the United States using a direct-to-patient and -provider model. The AffloVest device is sold through respiratory durable medical equipment providers throughout the United States that service patients and bill third-party payers for the product. We also employ a small group of respiratory specialists, who educate DME representatives, provide product demonstrations for targeted

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clinicians and support technical questions related to the AffloVest. As of December 31, 2024, we employed 169 account managers and 111 specialists for our lymphedema products and a team of 18 specialists supporting our airway clearance products. This compares to 150 account managers and 104 specialists for our lymphedema products and a team of 16 specialists supporting our airway clearance products as of December 31, 2023.

We invest in our reimbursement function to improve operational efficiencies and enhance individual payer expertise, while continuing our strategic focus of payer development. Our payer relations function focuses on payer policy development, education, contract negotiations, and data analysis. Our reimbursement operations function is responsible for verifying patient insurance benefits, individual patient case development, prior authorization submissions, case follow-up, and appeals when necessary.

We also have a clinical team, consisting of a scientific advisory board, in-house therapists and nurses, and a Chief Medical Officer, that serves as a resource to clinicians and patients and guides the development of clinical evidence in support of our products. Most clinical studies require observation and interaction with clinicians and patients to monitor results and progress.

We rely on third-party contract manufacturers for the sourcing of parts, the assembly of our controllers and the manufacturing of the garments used with our systems. We conduct final assembly of the garments used with our products, perform quality assurance and ship our products from our facility in Minnesota. We manufacture and ship the AffloVest device from our Minnesota-based facility.

In July 2022, we launched KyleeTM, a free mobile application that allows for patients to manage their conditions by tracking treatments and symptoms, as well as having direct access to educational resources.

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For the year ended December 31, 2024, we generated revenue of $293.0 million and had net income of $17.0 million, compared to revenue of $274.4 million and net income of $28.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2023, and revenue of $246.8 million and a net loss of $17.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2022. Our primary sources of capital since our initial public offering in 2016 have been from operating income, bank financing and our public offering in February 2023.

We operate in one segment for financial reporting purposes.

Current Economic Conditions

General global economic downturns and macroeconomic trends, including heightened inflation, capital market volatility, interest rate fluctuations, increased unemployment and economic slowdown or recession, may result in unfavorable conditions that could negatively affect demand for our products and exacerbate some of the other risks that affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Components of our Results of Operations

Revenue

We derive revenue from sales and rentals of our Flexitouch Plus, Entre Plus and Nimbl systems to patients in the United States. Revenue growth has been driven by increased clinician, patient and payer awareness of lymphedema and the clinical efficacy of our Flexitouch Plus system, and the launch of our Entre Plus system in March 2023. We have expanded our direct sales force, which helps us drive and support our revenue growth and intend to continue this expansion. However, any reversal in these recent trends could have a negative impact on our future revenue.

We sell or rent our Flexitouch Plus, Entre Plus and Nimbl systems either directly to patients or to the Veterans Administration on behalf of patients, who are referred to us by physicians, clinical lymphatic therapists or nurses. We bill payers, such as private insurers, Medicare, or Medicaid, on behalf of our patients and bill patients directly for their cost-sharing amounts, including any portion of an unsatisfied deductible and any copayments or co-insurance. We bill the Veterans Administration directly for the purchase or lease of our product on behalf of the patient. Approximately 11% of our revenue in 2024 and 10% of our revenue in 2023

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came from the Veterans Administration. Approximately 18% of our revenue in 2024 and 24% of our revenue in 2023 came from Medicare patients. Changes to the level of Medicare coverage for our products could reduce the number of Medicare patients who have access to our products. Our products currently are not subject to the competitive bidding process for supplying covered items to Medicare recipients.

We also derive revenue from sales of our AffloVest product to accredited DME providers. These respiratory DME providers provide a full range of solutions for these patients with complex diseases, and represent a large, developed channel. Respiratory DME partners serve the role of receiving prescriptions, verifying coverage criteria, shipping, billing and training the patient. We intend to expand and support our respiratory DME partners, in an effort to help demonstrate High Frequency Chest Wall Oscillation (“HFCWO”) as a staple among the host of treatments they bring to chronic respiratory patients, thereby allowing us to continue to grow revenue from this product offering.

Our revenue has fluctuated, and we expect our revenue to continue to fluctuate, from quarter to quarter due to a variety of factors, including seasonality. See Item 7. “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations – Seasonality” for a further discussion of factors contributing to our seasonality. Further, our revenue is impacted by fluctuations in the mix of products being sold and rented during each period and changes in the mix of our payers and contract pricing.

Furthermore, we expect our revenue to continue to increase in the future as a result of increased awareness of our solutions, expansion of our direct sales force, our DME partners, enhanced marketing and customer support efforts, continued focus on developing clinical and economic outcomes data, and efforts related to expanded third-party reimbursement. However, we also anticipate pricing pressure from private insurers, which will result in continued downward pressure on our revenue growth rate.

Cost of Revenue and Gross Margin

Cost of revenue consists primarily of component costs, direct labor, overhead costs, product warranties, provisions for slow-moving and obsolete inventory, delivery costs for items sold or rented, and amortization related to the intangible assets related to our products. Overhead costs include the cost of quality assurance, material procurement, inventory control, facilities, equipment and operations supervision and management. Cost of revenue also includes depreciation expense for product tooling and equipment as well as shipping costs. We expect overhead costs as a percentage of revenue to decrease as a result of expected increases in production volume and yields. We expect cost of revenue to increase in absolute dollars primarily if, and to the extent, our revenue grows.

We provide a warranty for our products against defects in material and workmanship for a period of one to five years. We record a liability for future warranty claims at the time of sale for the warranty period offered to a customer in cost of revenue. If the assumptions used in calculating the provision were to materially change, such as incurring higher than anticipated warranty claims, an additional provision may be required.

We calculate gross margin as gross profit divided by revenue. Our gross margin has been and will continue to be affected by a variety of factors, including product and payer mix, production volumes, manufacturing costs and cost-reduction strategies. We continue to work to reduce product manufacturing costs through enhanced product design efforts as well as supply chain initiatives in an effort to offset anticipated price erosion. Our gross margin will likely fluctuate from quarter to quarter.

Sales and Marketing Expenses

Our sales and marketing expenses consist primarily of personnel-related expenses, including salaries, bonuses, commissions and benefits for employees. They also include expenses for patient training, social media and advertising, informational kits, public relations and other promotional and marketing activities, field sales travel and entertainment expenses, trade shows and conferences, stock-based compensation, as well as customer service. We expect sales and marketing expenses to continue to increase in absolute dollars as we expand our commercial infrastructure to drive and support our planned revenue growth. To the extent our revenue grows, we expect sales and marketing expenses to decrease as a percentage of revenue over time.

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Research and Development Expenses

Research and development, or R&D, expenses consist primarily of personnel-related expenses, third-party product development costs, laboratory supplies, consulting fees and related costs, clinical research expenses, expenses related to clinical and regulatory affairs, patent amortization costs, stock-based compensation and patent legal fees, including defense costs, and testing costs for new product launches. Clinical research expenses include clinical trial management and monitoring, payment to clinical investigators, consulting fees, data management, stock-based compensation, travel expenses and the cost of manufacturing products for clinical trials. We have made substantial investments in R&D since our inception. Our R&D efforts have focused primarily on activities designed to enhance our technologies and to support development and commercialization of new and existing products. We expect R&D expenses to increase for the foreseeable future as we continue to develop, enhance and commercialize new products and expand clinical trial efforts. We expect R&D expenses as a percentage of our revenue to vary over time depending on the level and timing of initiating new product development efforts, as well as our clinical trial activities.

Intangible Asset Amortization and Earn-Out

Amortization of intangible assets includes the amortization expense of our definite-lived intangible assets, consisting of patents, customer relationships, customer accounts, developed technology and defensive intangible assets. The costs of definite-lived intangibles are amortized to expense over their useful lives. Indefinite-lived intangible assets, such as goodwill and tradenames, are not amortized; we test for impairment on these assets annually.

The fair value of the earn-out, which was payable based on certain U.S. revenues of AffloVest being met, was recorded as a liability. On a quarterly basis the earn-out was revalued to fair value until the end of the earn-out period, which was September 30, 2023. Any gain or loss related to the revaluation was recorded through the income statement.

Reimbursement, General and Administrative Expenses

Reimbursement, general and administrative expenses consist primarily of compensation, including salaries, bonuses and benefits for employees in our patient services and advocacy, billing and collections, case management, payer relations and governmental affairs and reimbursement operations departments, as well as finance, human resources and administration, information technology, business development and general management functions, and facilities costs. Reimbursement expenses also include consulting, travel to payer case manager seminars, professional development and training, and certification expenses. General and administrative expenses also include professional services such as legal, consulting and accounting services, stock-based compensation, travel expenses, insurance and acquisition costs.

Other Income (Expense), Net

Other income (expense), net consists primarily of interest income related to investment income earned on our invested capital portfolio and interest expense related to our debt obligations.

Income Tax Expense (Benefit)

Our income tax expense (benefit) consists primarily of permanent differences related to share-based compensation activity, as well as deferred income taxes resulting from temporary differences between the reporting of amounts for financial statement purposes and income tax purposes.

Critical Accounting Estimates

Our discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based upon our financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States, or GAAP. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, and related disclosure of contingent

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assets and liabilities, revenue and expenses at the date of the financial statements. Generally, we base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions in accordance with GAAP that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results may differ from these estimates and such differences could be material to our financial position and results of operations. Critical accounting estimates are those that involve a significant level of estimation uncertainty and have had or are reasonably likely to have a material impact on our financial condition and results of operations.

While our significant accounting policies are more fully described in Note 3 to our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this report, we believe the following discussion addresses our most critical accounting estimates, which involve significant subjectivity and judgment, and changes to such estimates or assumptions could have a material impact on our financial condition or operating results. Therefore, we consider an understanding of the variability and judgment required in making these estimates and assumptions to be critical in fully understanding and evaluating our reported financial results.

Revenue Recognition

We derive lymphedema product revenue from the sales and rentals of our proprietary line of Flexitouch Plus, Entre Plus and Nimbl systems. We recognize revenue when control of the product has been transferred to our customer, in the amount of the expected consideration to be received for the product. Expected consideration is estimated as follows:

We update our assessment of collectability on a quarterly basis, with any adjustments for Flexitouch Plus, Entre Plus and Nimbl systems being reflected as sales and rental revenue in the Consolidated Statements of Operations in the period of adjustment.

If in the future we determine that another method is more reasonable, or if another method for calculating these input assumptions is prescribed by authoritative guidance, the expected consideration associated with the sales and rentals of our products could change significantly. Changes in contractual pricing, payment trends and rebate structures would impact, either positively or negatively, our sales and rental revenue.

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Results of Operations

Comparison of the Years Ended December 31, 2024 and 2023

The following table presents our results of operations for the periods indicated:

​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

​ Year Ended ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

​ ​ December 31, ​ Change

Condensed Consolidated Statement ​ ​ ​ ​ % of ​ ​ ​ ​ % of ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

of Operations Data: ​ ​ ​ ​ revenue ​ ​ ​ ​ revenue ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

Revenue ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

Cost of revenue ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

Gross profit ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

Operating expenses ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

Other income ​ ​ 9 ​ — % ​ ​ 2 ​ — % ​ ​ 7 ​ N.M. %

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“N.M.” Not Meaningful

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Revenue

Revenue increased $18.6 million, or 7%, to $293.0 million in the year ended December 31, 2024, compared to $274.4 million in the year ended December 31, 2023. The increase in revenue was attributable to an increase of $17.6 million, or 7%, in sales and rentals of the lymphedema product line and an increase of $0.9 million, or 3%, in sales of the airway clearance product line in the year ended December 31, 2024, compared to the year ended December 31, 2023.

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The increase in the lymphedema product line revenue in the year ended December 31, 2024, was attributable to the growth of our field sales team and ongoing technology and workflow initiatives. The increase in the airway clearance product line revenue was primarily attributable to the onboarding of a new DME partner in 2024.

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Revenue from the Veterans Administration represented 11% and 10% of total revenue for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Revenue from Medicare represented 18% and 24% of total revenue for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

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The following table summarizes our revenue by product linefor the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, both in dollars and percentage of total revenue:

​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

​ ​ Year Ended ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

​ ​ December 31, ​ Change

Revenue ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

Percentage of total revenues ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

Lymphedema products ​ 89% ​ 88% ​ ​ ​ ​

Airway clearance products ​ ​ 11% ​ ​ 12% ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

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Cost of Revenue and Gross Margin

Cost of revenue decreased $3.0 million, or 4%, to $76.3 million during the year ended December 31, 2024, compared to $79.3 million during the year ended December 31, 2023. The decrease in cost of revenue was primarily attributable to lower manufacturing and warranty costs.

Gross margin was 74% and 71% in the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Sales and Marketing Expenses

Sales and marketing expenses increased $4.9 million, or 5%, to $112.0 million during the year ended December 31, 2024, compared to $107.1 million during the year ended December 31, 2023. The increase was primarily attributable to a:

● $2.5 million increase in personnel-related compensation expense;

● $1.6 million increase in travel and entertainment expenses;

● $0.6 million increase in expenses related to meetings and tradeshows; and

● $0.4 million increase in general office and printing expenses.

These increases were partially offset by a $0.2 million decrease in educational grants.

Research and Development Expenses

Research and development (“R&D”) expenses increased $1.0 million, or 13%, to $8.8 million during the year ended December 31, 2024, compared to $7.8 million during the year ended December 31, 2023, which was primarily attributable to a $0.6 million increase in professional fees and a $0.5 million increase in personnel-related expenses. These increases were partially offset by a $0.1 million decrease in clinical studies.

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Reimbursement, General and Administrative Expenses

Reimbursement, general and administrative expenses increased $9.1 million, or 15%, to $71.1 million during the year ended December 31, 2024, compared to $62.1 million during the year ended December 31, 2023. The increase was primarily attributable to a:

● $2.8 million increase in IT related expenses; and

Intangible Asset Amortization and Earn-out

Intangible asset amortization and earn-out expense increased $2.4 million to $2.5 million during the year ended December 31, 2024, compared to $0.1 million during the year ended December 31, 2023. The increase was related to there being no earn-out expense in the twelve months ended December 31, 2024, as final payment under the AffloVest acquisition earn-out arrangement was made on November 28, 2023, and therefore there was no change in fair value of an earn-out expense recorded in the twelve months ended December 31, 2024, compared to a decrease in the fair value of the earn-out expense of $2.5 million for the twelve months ended December 31, 2023, due to the lower than expected airway clearance product revenue.

Interest Income and Interest Expense

Interest income increased $1.5 million, or 81%, to $3.4 million during the year ended December 31, 2024, compared to $1.9 million during the year ended December 31, 2023, primarily due to a higher cash balance and the movement of cash into a higher yielding Institutional Insured Liquid Deposit demand account in August 2023. Interest expense decreased $2.1 million, or 50%, to $2.1 million during the year ended December 31, 2024, compared to $4.1 million during the year ended December 31, 2023, primarily due to the decrease in the outstanding balance of our term loan.

Income Tax Expense

We recorded an income tax expense of $6.5 million and an income tax benefit of $12.7 million for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The primary driver of the change was the fact that we did not have a release of a valuation allowance on our deferred tax assets for 2024, while in 2023 there was a release of a valuation allowance to recognize the full value of our deferred tax assetsbecause there was sufficient positive evidence to conclude that it was more likely than not that additional deferred taxes were realizable.

Seasonality

Our business is affected by seasonality. In the first quarter of each year, when most patients have started a new insurance year and have not yet met their annual out-of-pocket payment obligations, we experience substantially reduced demand for our products. We typically experience higher revenue in the third and fourth quarters of the year when more patients have met their annual insurance deductibles, thereby reducing their out-of-pocket costs for our products, and because patients desire to exhaust their flexible spending accounts at year end. This seasonality applies only to purchases and rentals of our products by patients covered by commercial insurance and is not relevant to Medicare, Medicaid or the Veterans Administration, as those payers either do not have plans that have declining deductibles over the course of the plan year and/or do not have plans that include patient deductibles for purchases or rentals of our products.

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Liquidity and Capital Resources

Overview

As of December 31, 2024, we had cash of $94.4 million and net accounts receivable of $44.9 million compared to cash of $61.0 million and net accounts receivable of $54.1 million as of December 31, 2023. Our primary sources of capital since our initial public offering in 2016 have been from operating income, bank financing and our public offering in February 2023.

Cash Flows

The following table summarizes our cash flows for the periods indicated:

​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

​ ​ Year Ended

​ ​ December 31,

Net cash provided by (used in): ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

Investing activities ​ ​ (2,497) ​ ​ (2,481)

Financing activities ​ ​ (4,824) ​ ​ 5,730

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Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities

Net cash provided by operating activities during the year ended December 31, 2024, was $40.7 million, resulting from net income of $17.0 million, non-cash net income adjustments of $16.0 million and a change in operating assets and liabilities of $7.7 million. The positive non-cash net income adjustments consisted primarily of $7.8 million of stock-based compensation expense, $6.8 million of depreciation and amortization expense, $1.1 million of deferred income taxes and $0.3 million of loss on disposal of property and equipment and intangibles. Cash provided relating to the change in operating assets and liabilities primarily consisted of a decrease in accounts receivable of $9.2 million, a decrease in inventories of $3.9 million and an increase in accrued payroll and related taxes of $1.1 million, partially offset by an increase in prepaid expenses and other assets of $3.9 million, a decrease in income taxes payable of $1.4 million and a decrease in accounts payable of $1.1 million.

Net cash provided by operating activities during the year ended December 31, 2023, was $35.9 million, resulting from net income of $28.5 million and a change in operating assets and liabilities of $15.1 million, which were partially offset by non-cash net income adjustments of $7.8 million. Cash provided relating to the change in operating assets and liabilities primarily consisted of a decrease in accounts receivable of $23.8 million, a decrease in net investment in leases of $1.9 million and a decrease in inventories of $0.6 million, partially offset by a decrease in accrued expenses of $6.5 million, a decrease in accounts payable of $3.9 million, a decrease in income taxes payable of $0.7 million and a decrease in accrued payroll and related taxes of $0.3 million. The negative non-cash net income adjustments consisted primarily of $19.4 million of deferred income taxes and a $2.5 million change in the fair value of earn-out liability, partially offset by $7.5 million of stock-based compensation expense and $6.5 million of depreciation and amortization expense.

Net Cash Used in Investing Activities

Net cash used in investing activities during the year ended December 31, 2024, was $2.5 million, primarily consisting of $2.4 million in purchases of property and equipment primarily related to tenant improvements, production tooling and office equipment and $0.1 million related to the acquisition of patents and other intangible assets.

Net cash used in investing activities during the year ended December 31, 2023, was $2.5 million, primarily consisting of $2.3 million in purchases of property and equipment primarily related to production tooling and office equipment and $0.2 million related to the acquisition of patents and other intangible assets.

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Net Cash (Used in) Provided by Financing Activities

Net cash used in financing activities during the year ended December 31, 2024, was $4.8 million,primarily consisting of payments of $3.5 million for the repurchase of our common stock and payments of $3.0 million on our term loan, partially offset by $1.7 million in proceeds from the issuance of common stock under our Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the “ESPP”).

Net cash provided by financing activities during the year ended December 31, 2023, was $5.7 million, primarily consisting of net proceeds from the offering of our common stock of $34.6 million, $8.3 million in borrowings under our term loan, and $1.5 million in proceeds from the issuance of common stock under the ESPP, partially offset by payments of $25.0 million on the revolving credit facility, $10.6 million on the AffloVest earn-out, and $3.0 million on our term loan.

Credit Agreement

On April 30, 2021, we entered into an Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (the “Restated Credit Agreement”) with the lenders from time to time party thereto, and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as Administrative Agent. The Restated Credit Agreement amended and restated in its entirety our prior credit agreement.

On September 8, 2021, we entered into a First Amendment Agreement (the “Amendment”), which amended the Restated Credit Agreement (as amended by the Amendment, the “Credit Agreement”) with the lenders from time to time party thereto and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as administrative agent. The Amendment, among other things, added a $30.0 million incremental term loan to the $25.0 million revolving credit facility provided by the Restated Credit Agreement. The term loan is reflected on our consolidated financial statements as a note payable. The Credit Agreement provides that, subject to satisfaction of certain conditions, we may increase the amount of the revolving loans available under the Credit Agreement and/or add one or more term loan facilities in an amount not to exceed $25.0 million in the aggregate, such that the total aggregate principal amount of loans available under the Credit Agreement (including under the revolving credit facility) does not exceed $80.0 million.

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On September 8, 2021, in connection with the closing of the acquisition of the AffloVest business, we borrowed the $30.0 million term loan and utilized that borrowing, together with a draw of $25.0 million under the revolving credit facility and cash on hand, to fund the purchase price.

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On February 22, 2022, we entered into a Second Amendment Agreement (the “Second Amendment”), which further amended the Credit Agreement. The Second Amendment modified the maximum leverage ratio, the minimum fixed charge coverage ratio and the minimum consolidated EBITDA covenants under the Credit Agreement, and added a minimum liquidity covenant, through the quarter ended June 30, 2023. The Second Amendment also increased the applicable margin for LIBOR rate loans under the Credit Agreement during the period commencing on the date of the Second Amendment and ending on the last day of the fiscal quarter ending June 30, 2023. Pursuant to the Second Amendment, we made a mandatory principal prepayment of the term loan of $3.0 million on February 22, 2022.

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On June 21, 2023, we entered into a Third Amendment Agreement (the “Third Amendment”) that replaced the interest rate benchmark under the Credit Agreement from LIBOR to the term Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”). All tenors of term SOFR are subject to a credit spread adjustment of 0.10% (“Adjusted Term SOFR”).

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On August 1, 2023, we entered into a Fourth Amendment Agreement (the “Fourth Amendment”), which further amended the Credit Agreement. The Fourth Amendment, among other things, decreased the commitment fees payable under the revolving credit facility and eliminated the temporary increase in the applicable margin for Adjusted Term SOFR loans. The Fourth Amendment also eliminated the liquidity financial covenant and modified the remaining financial covenants to reflect the termination of the temporary covenant relief period that was in place until June 30, 2023 pursuant to the Second Amendment. In addition, the Fourth Amendment provided for an additional term loan in the amount of $8.25 million, which we used for a paydown

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of the revolving credit facility. The Fourth Amendment also extended the maturity date of the term loans and revolving credit facility under the Credit Agreement from September 8, 2024 to August 1, 2026.

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On November 1, 2024, we entered into a Fifth Amendment Agreement (the “Fifth Amendment”), which further amended the Credit Agreement. The Fifth Amendment permits the Company to make payments to repurchase shares of its common stock, as long as the Company is not in default before and after giving effect to such repurchases, and as long as such repurchases do not exceed $30.0 million.

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On December 21, 2023, we made a payment of $16.8 million to repay in full the outstanding balance on the revolving credit facility.

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As of December 31, 2024, we had outstanding borrowings of $26.3 million under the Credit Agreement, comprised entirely of the term loan. The principal of the term loan is required to be repaid in quarterly installments of $750,000.

For additional information regarding the Credit Agreement, including interest rates, fees and maturities, see Note 11 – “Credit Agreement” of the consolidated financial statements contained in this report.

Share Repurchase Program

On October 30, 2024, our Board of Directors authorized a program to repurchase up to $30.0 million of common stock. Under the program, purchases may be made from time to time in the open market, in privately negotiated purchases, or both. The timing and number of shares to be purchased will be based on the price of our common stock, general business and market conditions and other investment considerations and factors. The share repurchase program expires on October 31, 2026. The program does not obligate us to repurchase any specific number of shares and may be suspended or discontinued at any time without prior notice.

During the three months ended December 31, 2024, we repurchased 195,518 shares for approximately $3.5 million. We used cash on hand to fund these repurchases. As of December 31, 2024, approximately $26.5 million remained authorized under the stock repurchase program.

Future Cash Requirements

Our material estimated future cash requirements under our contractual obligations and commercial commitments as of December 31, 2024, in total and disaggregated into current (payable in 2025) and long-term (payable after 2025) obligations, are summarized as follows:

​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

​ ​ Payments Due By Period

​ ​ Less Than ​ ​ More Than

(In thousands) Total 1 Year 1-3 Years 3-5 Years 5 Years

Purchase commitments (1) ​ $ 22,752 ​ $ 22,752 ​ $ — ​ $ — ​ $ —

Interest payments (4) ​ ​ 2,477 ​ ​ 1,622 ​ ​ 855 ​ ​ — ​ ​ —

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Adequacy of Resources

Our future cash requirements may vary significantly from those now planned and will depend on many factors, including:

● the impact of inflation, rising interest rates or a recession on our business;

● sales and marketing resources needed to further penetrate our market;

● expansion of our operations;

● IT investments to scale our business;

● response of competitors to our solutions and applications;

● costs associated with clinical research activities;

● increases in interest rates;

● labor shortages and wage inflation;

● component price inflation;

● costs to develop and implement new products; and

● use of capital for acquisitions or licenses, if any.

Historically, we have experienced increases in our expenditures consistent with the growth in our revenue, operations and personnel, and we anticipate that our expenditures will continue to increase as we expand our business.

We believe our cash and cash flows from operations will be sufficient to meet our working capital, capital expenditure, debt repayment and related interest, and other cash requirements for at least the next twelve months.

Inflation and changing prices did not have a material effect on our business during the year ended December 31, 2024, and we do not expect that inflation or changing prices will materially affect our business for at least the next twelve months.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We did not have during the periods presented, and we do not currently have, any off-balance sheet arrangements, as defined under the applicable regulations.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Refer to Note 3 - “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies,” of our consolidated financial statements contained in this report for a description of recently issued accounting pronouncements that are applicable to our business.

Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Interest Rate Risk

We are exposed to market risk from changes in interest rates, primarily related to our investments and our borrowings. The principal objectives of our investment activities are to preserve principal, provide liquidity

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and maximize income consistent with minimizing risk of material loss. Our interest income is sensitive to changes in the general level of interest rates in the United States, particularly since our investments are generally short-term in nature. Based on the nature of our short-term investments, an immediate 100 basis point change in interest rates would not have a material effect on the fair market value of our portfolio. We also have exposure to variable interest rates through our credit facility, as the interest expense related to any borrowings will fluctuate with changes in SOFR and other benchmark rates. Therefore, increases in interest rates may impact our net income or loss by increasing the cost of carrying debt.

Inflation

Inflationary factors, such as increases in our cost of revenue, sales and marketing expenses and reimbursement expenses, may adversely affect our operating results. Although we do not believe that inflation has had a material impact on our financial condition or results of operations to date, a high rate of inflation in the future may have an adverse effect on our ability to maintain and increase our gross margin, and on our sales and marketing and reimbursement expenses as a percentage of our revenue if the prices for our products do not increase as much or more than these increased costs.

Credit Risk

As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, our cash was maintained with one financial institution in the United States. We perform periodic evaluations of the relative credit standing of this financial institution and believe it has sufficient assets and liquidity to conduct its operations in the ordinary course of business with little or no credit risk to us. We have not experienced any losses on our cash to date.

Our accounts receivable primarily relate to revenue from the sale of our products to patients in the United States. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, our accounts receivable were $44.9 million and $54.1 million, respectively. We had accounts receivable from two insurers representing approximately 23% and 12% of accounts receivable as of December 31, 2024. We had accounts receivable from two insurers representing approximately 36% and 15% of accounts receivable as of December 31, 2023. The credit risks associated with customers, which for these purposes are insurers, considers aggregation for entities that are known to be under common control.

Foreign Currency Risk

Our business is conducted in U.S. dollars and international transactions have been nominal. As we begin building relationships to commercialize our products internationally, our results of operations and cash flows may become increasingly subject to changes in foreign exchange rates.

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Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.

Index to Financial Statements

​ ​ ​

Consolidated Balance Sheets ​ 87

Consolidated Statements of Operations ​ 88

Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity ​ 89

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows ​ 90

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements ​ 91

​

​

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REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

Board of Directors and Stockholders

Tactile Systems Technology, Inc.

Opinion on the financial statements

​

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Tactile Systems Technology, Inc. (a Delaware corporation) and subsidiary (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the related consolidated statements of operations, stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2024, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Companyas of December 31, 2024 and 2023, and the results of itsoperations and itscash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2024, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

​

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”), the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2024, based on criteria established in the 2013 Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (“COSO”), and our report dated February 18, 2025 expressed an unqualified opinion.

​

Basis for opinion

​

These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

​

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

​

Critical audit matter

​

The critical audit mattercommunicated below is a matterarising from the current period audit of the financial statements that wascommunicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matterbelow, providing aseparate opinionon the critical audit matteror on the accounts or disclosures to which itrelates.

​

Transaction Price Adjustments – Uncollected Lymphedema Product Sales with Commercial Payers and Medicare

​

As described further in Note 3 Summary of Significant Accounting Policies – Revenue Recognition to the consolidated financial statements, revenue is recognized upon transfer of control of the product to the patient based on a transaction price determined to be the amount of expected consideration to be received for the

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product. In most cases, there is a contracted third-party payer, such as a commercial insurer or Medicare, involved with the transaction. The transaction price is impacted by multiple factors including the terms and conditions contracted by third-party payers. Thus, payments from third-party payers typically are less than the Company’s standard charge and represent an implicit price concession, resulting in variable consideration. The transaction price for commercial payers and Medicare is determined based on the payment history of the payer drawn from actual write-off and collections experience over a rolling 12-month period, as well as historical patient collections by payer. The results of the variable consideration assessment are the primary source of information in estimating the recognition of net revenue and the net valuation of the related accounts receivable.

​

We identified transaction price adjustments, as it relates to the uncollected lymphedema product sales with commercial payers and Medicare, as a critical audit matter. The principal considerations for our determination that this is a critical audit matter are:

​

Our audit procedures related to the transaction price adjustments – uncollected lymphedema product sales with commercial payers and Medicare included the following, among others:

​

​

/s/ GRANT THORNTON LLP

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2015.

Minneapolis, Minnesota

February 18, 2025

​

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​

​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

Tactile Systems Technology, Inc.

Consolidated Balance Sheets

​ December 31, December 31,

(In thousands, except share and per share data) 2024 2023

Assets ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

Current assets ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

Prepaid expenses and other current assets ​ 5,053 ​ 4,366

Non-current assets ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

Property and equipment, net ​ 5,603 ​ 6,195

Right of use operating lease assets ​ 16,633 ​ 19,128

Accounts receivable, non-current ​ — ​ 10,936

Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

Current liabilities ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

Accrued payroll and related taxes ​ 17,923 ​ 16,789

Operating lease liabilities ​ 2,980 ​ 2,807

Other current liabilities ​ 3,147 ​ 4,475

Non-current liabilities ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

Accrued warranty reserve, non-current ​ 1,209 ​ 1,681

Income taxes payable, non-current ​ 239 ​ 446

Operating lease liabilities, non-current ​ ​ 15,955 ​ 18,436

​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

Stockholders’ equity: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity ​ $ 297,924 ​ $ 281,438

​

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

​

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​

​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

Tactile Systems Technology, Inc.

Consolidated Statements of Operations

​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

​ ​ Year Ended

​ ​ December 31,

(In thousands, except share and per share data) 2024 2023 2022

Revenue ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

Cost of revenue ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

Gross profit ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

Operating expenses ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

Intangible asset amortization and earn-out ​ ​ 2,531 ​ ​ 76 ​ ​ 14,432

Other income ​ 9 ​ 2 ​ 13

Net income (loss) per common share ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

​

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

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​

​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

Tactile Systems Technology, Inc.

Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity

​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Retained ​ ​ ​

​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Additional ​ Earnings ​ ​ ​

​ ​ Common Stock ​ Paid-In ​ (Accumulated ​ ​ ​

(In thousands, except share data) Shares Par Value Capital Deficit) Total

Stock-based compensation ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ 9,600 ​ ​ — ​ ​ 9,600

Net loss for the period ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ (17,866) ​ ​ (17,866)

Stock-based compensation ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ 7,547 ​ ​ — ​ ​ 7,547

Net income for the period ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ 28,515 ​ ​ 28,515

Stock-based compensation ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ 7,819 ​ ​ — ​ ​ 7,819

Net income for the period ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ 16,960 ​ ​ 16,960

​

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

​

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​

​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

Tactile Systems Technology, Inc.

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

​ ​ ​

​ ​ Year Ended December 31,

Cash flows from operating activities ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

Stock-based compensation expense ​ ​ 7,819 ​ ​ 7,547 ​ ​ 9,600

Loss on disposal of property and equipment and intangibles ​ ​ 308 ​ ​ 3 ​ ​ 20

Change in fair value of earn-out liability ​ ​ — ​ ​ (2,475) ​ ​ 11,850

Changes in assets and liabilities, net of acquisition: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

Net investment in leases ​ ​ (345) ​ ​ 1,935 ​ ​ (3,648)

Prepaid expenses and other assets ​ ​ (3,929) ​ ​ 72 ​ ​ (950)

Right of use operating lease assets ​ ​ 187 ​ ​ 71 ​ ​ 168

Accrued payroll and related taxes ​ ​ 1,134 ​ ​ (311) ​ ​ 4,961

Accrued expenses and other liabilities ​ ​ 120 ​ ​ (6,464) ​ ​ 7,076

Net cash provided by operating activities ​ ​ 40,655 ​ ​ 35,855 ​ ​ 5,209

Cash flows from investing activities ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

Purchases of property and equipment ​ ​ (2,392) ​ ​ (2,324) ​ ​ (1,780)

Proceeds from sale of property and equipment ​ ​ 12 ​ ​ — ​ ​ 11

Intangible assets expenditures ​ ​ (117) ​ ​ (157) ​ ​ (140)

Net cash used in investing activities ​ ​ (2,497) ​ ​ (2,481) ​ ​ (1,909)

Cash flows from financing activities ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

Proceeds from issuance of note payable ​ ​ — ​ ​ 8,250 ​ ​ —

Payments on earn-out ​ ​ — ​ ​ (10,575) ​ ​ (5,000)

Payments on revolving line of credit ​ ​ — ​ ​ (25,000) ​ ​ —

Payments of deferred debt issuance costs ​ ​ — ​ ​ (125) ​ ​ (39)

Proceeds from exercise of common stock options ​ ​ 24 ​ ​ 14 ​ ​ 153

Payments for repurchases of common stock ​ ​ (3,508) ​ ​ — ​ ​ —

Proceeds from issuance of common stock at market ​ ​ — ​ ​ 34,625 ​ ​ —

​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

Supplemental cash flow disclosure ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

Capital expenditures incurred but not yet paid ​ $ 76 ​ $ 528 ​ $ 38

​

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

​

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​

Tactile Systems Technology, Inc.

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

Note 1. Nature of Business and Operations

Tactile Systems Technology, Inc. (“we,” “us,” and “our”) manufactures and distributes medical devices for the treatment of patients with underserved chronic diseases at home. We provide our Flexitouch Plus, Entre Plus and Nimbl systems, which help control symptoms of lymphedema, a chronic progressive medical condition, through our direct sales force for use in the home and sell or rent them through vascular, wound and lymphedema clinics throughout the United States.

On September 8, 2021, we acquired the assets of the AffloVest airway clearance business. AffloVest is a portable, wearable vest that treats patients with chronic respiratory conditions. We sell this device through home medical equipment and durable medical equipment (“DME”) providers throughout the United States.

We were originally incorporated in Minnesota under the name Tactile Systems Technology, Inc. on January 30, 1995. During 2006, we established a merger corporation and subsequently, on July 21, 2006, merged with and into this merger corporation, resulting in us being reincorporated as a Delaware corporation. The resulting corporation assumed the name Tactile Systems Technology, Inc. In September 2013, we began doing business as “Tactile Medical.”

On August 2, 2016, we closed the initial public offering of our common stock, which resulted in the sale of 4,120,000 shares of our common stock at a public offering price of $10.00 per share. We received net proceeds from the initial public offering of approximately $35.4 million, after deducting underwriting discounts and approximately $2.9 million of transaction expenses.

On February 27, 2023, we closed on a public offering of 2,875,000 shares of our common stock at a public offering price of $13.00 per share. We received net proceeds from this offering of $34.6 million after deducting underwriting discounts, commissions, and offering expenses.

Our business is affected by seasonality. In the first quarter of each year, when most patients have started a new insurance year and have not yet met their annual out-of-pocket payment obligations, we experience substantially reduced demand for our products. We typically experience higher revenue in the third and fourth quarters of the year when patients have met their annual insurance deductibles, thereby reducing their out-of-pocket costs for our products, and because patients desire to exhaust their flexible spending accounts at year end. This seasonality applies only to purchases and rentals of our products by patients covered by commercial insurance and is not relevant to Medicare, Medicaid or the Veterans Administration, as those payers either do not have plans that have declining deductibles over the course of the plan year and/or do not have plans that include patient deductibles for purchases or rentals of our products.

Note 2. Basis of Presentation

Our accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) and pursuant to the rules and regulations of the SEC.

The results for the year ended December 31, 2024, are not necessarily indicative of results to be expected for any future year.

Principles of Consolidation

Our accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Tactile Systems Technology, Inc. and its wholly owned subsidiary, Swelling Solutions, Inc. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

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Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and to disclose contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

​

Note 3. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Cash

Cash consists of all cash on hand and deposits. Our cash was held primarily in checking accounts and an Institutional Insured Liquid Deposit demand account as of December 31, 2024 and 2023.At times the amount of cash on deposit may exceed the federally insured limit of the bank. Deposit accounts at each of the institutions are insured up to $250,000 by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC). At December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company exceeded FDIC limits at various institutions. The Company has not experienced any losses in such accounts.

Equity Investments

Equity investments (including equity securities) with readily determinable fair value are reported at fair value, with unrealized gains and losses included in the determination of net income (loss). For equity investments with no readily determinable fair value, we measure these investments at cost less impairment, if any, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for the identical or a similar investment of the same issuer. Such observable price changes may include instances where the investee issues equity securities to new investors, thus creating a new indicator of fair value, as an example. As of eachof December 31, 2024 and 2023, the total carrying value of our equity investments, with no readily determinable fair value, was $0.3 million, and are included in other non-current assets on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. On an annual basis, we perform a qualitative assessment considering impairment indicators to evaluate whether these investments are impaired and also monitor for any observable price changes. During theyears ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, we did not have any impairment loss on these investments.

Accounts Receivable

The majority of our accounts receivable and revenue are from commercial insurance payers and government payers, such as Medicare, the Veterans Administration and Medicaid.

Accounts receivable are recorded based on management’s assessment of the expected consideration to be received, based on a detailed review of historical pricing adjustments and collections. Management relies on the results of the assessment, which includes payment history of the applicable payer as well as historical patient collections, as a primary source of information in estimating the collectability of our accounts receivable. We update our assessment on a quarterly basis, which to date has not resulted in any material adjustments to the valuation of our accounts receivable. We believe the assessment provides reasonable estimates of our accounts receivable valuation, and therefore we believe that substantially all accounts receivable are fully collectible.

A portion of claims to Medicare are initially denied and enter the appeals process, where many are ultimately reviewed by an Administrative Law Judge. After final adjudication of all claims, approximately 90% of the claims submitted are approved (this is on a number of claims, not a dollars claimed, basis across all our products). The appeals process can be lengthy, lasting more than a year in most cases. Accordingly, we classify a portion of our Medicare accounts receivable as non-current based on our experience with Medicare collections.

Inventories

Inventories are valued at the lower of cost (first-in, first-out method) or net realizable value.

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Property and Equipment

Property and equipment are stated at cost and are depreciated using the straight-line method over their estimated useful lives of three to seven years. Leasehold improvements are depreciated over the remaining life of the respective building lease agreement. The value of demonstration equipment in the possession of our field sales representatives is capitalized and depreciated over the estimated useful life of the equipment.

Major expenditures for property and equipment are capitalized. Maintenance, repairs and minor renewals are expensed as incurred. When assets are retired or otherwise disposed of, their costs and related accumulated depreciation are removed from the accumulated depreciation accounts and the resulting gains or losses are included in income.

Software Costs

We capitalize certain implementation costs incurred during the development stage of implementing new software. Capitalized costs are included within prepaid expenses and other current assets and other non-current assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. We expense costs as incurred during the post-implementation/operation stage. Capitalized implementation costs are amortized on a straight-line basis over the contractual term of the cloud computing arrangement, which includes renewal options that are reasonably certain to be exercised.

Revenue Recognition

We derive revenue from the sales and rentals of our Flexitouch Plus, Entre Plus and Nimbl systems, and from the sales of our AffloVest product.

Flexitouch Plus, Entre Plus and Nimbl

We recognize revenue when control of the product has been transferred to our customer, in the amount of the expected consideration to be received for the product. In general, revenue from the sale or rental of a product is recognized upon shipment, unless circumstances dictate that control has not yet passed to the customer.

We provide a warranty for these products against defects in material and workmanship for a period of one to five years on garments and one to two years on controllers. In accordance with applicable accounting guidance, we have determined these were assurance warranties and therefore not considered a performance obligation. In addition, we did not evaluate immaterial promised goods or services in the context of the contract. As a result, the sale or rental of these products represent a single performance obligation that is satisfied at a point in time and is short-term in nature. In certain cases, we receive payment from Medicare sales over a period of time that may exceed one year. Despite these extended payment terms, no significant financing component is deemed to exist as the terms are not for the benefit of the patient with whom we have the contract. Rather, the extended payment terms occur as a result of an initial claim denial, which subsequently enters the Medicare appeals process as noted below.

We commercially distribute these products directly to patients who are referred to us by physicians, therapists or nurses. In most cases, there is a third-party payer, such as a commercial insurer, Medicare or the Veterans Administration, involved with the transaction. Our contractual relationship resides with the patient when the third-party payer is either a commercial insurer or Medicare and with the Veterans Administration if the patient is covered under their services. Revenue is recognized from such sales upon transfer of control of the product to the customer at a transaction price determined by collection history. As a result, the transaction price is impacted by multiple factors, including the terms and conditions contracted by various third-party payers, and therefore payments from third-party payers typically are less than our standard charge and represent an implicit price concession, resulting in variable consideration. As most contracts are with each individual sale to a patient, we have elected the portfolio approach to determine the transaction price, and ultimately the expected consideration. The portfolios used to determine transaction price are at the payer level, with pricing for each payer assessed based on the underlying similar characteristics.

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For any of our products sold to patients covered by private payers, such as commercial insurance companies, revenue is recognized upon shipment. A product is not shipped until we have received a prescription from a physician for our products and, as applicable, receipt of prior authorization from payers. At shipment, we invoice the payer for the total product price, and we recognize revenue in the amount of cash consideration anticipated to be received based on the transaction price. After the insurance payer has remitted payment, we separately invoice the patient for their portion of the payment obligation, such as copayments and deductibles. The transaction price is determined based on the payment history of the applicable payer drawn from actual write-off and collections experience from the payer over a rolling 12-month period, as well as historical patient collections.

For our products sold to Medicare patients, we recognize revenue from such sales upon shipment of our products, which can occur only after we have received a prescription from a physician and all applicable patient documentation is obtained. The transaction price for our Entre Plus and Nimbl systems is determined based on the payment history using the same methodology as our private insurers. A portion of claims for payment for our Flexitouch Plus system are initially denied, and enter the appeals process, which can be lengthy. We assess the variable consideration for each of these claims as a percentage of the total invoice price based on ultimate approval and collection history.

For our products sold to the Veterans Administration on behalf of the patient, our contract is with the Veterans Administration rather than the patient. We enter into individual sales contracts with the Veterans Administration on behalf of each patient. These contracts determine the amount of consideration, which is typically paid in full within 2-3 days of shipment, and therefore there is no implicit price concession. In addition, the contracts provide for the right of control to transfer to the Veterans Administration upon delivery of the product to the patient, at which time revenue is recognized.

We incur incremental costs that directly relate to the sales of our products; however, as the amortization period would be less than one year, we have elected the practical expedient to expense these costs as incurred.

We sell and rent these products either directly to patients or the Veterans Administration on behalf of patients, who are referred to us by physicians, therapists or nurses. We bill private insurers and other payers, Medicare, and the Veterans Administration directly for purchases or rentals of our product on behalf of a patient and bill patients directly for their cost-sharing amounts, including any portion of an unsatisfied deductible and any copayments or co-insurance obligation.

A portion of our revenue is derived from patients who obtain our products under multiple-month rental arrangements. We bill these patients’ insurance payers monthly over the duration of the rental term. Title to these products passes to the patients at the end of the rental period. Rental agreements are recorded as sales-type leases in accordance with Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2016-02, “Leases” (Topic 842) (“ASC 842”). Accordingly, as sales-type leases, the transaction price for the entire rental term is recognized upon transfer of control.

AffloVest

The AffloVest device is sold through durable medical equipment providers. Revenue is recognized when control of the promised goods or services is transferred to the distributors, in an amount that reflects the consideration we expect to be entitled to in exchange for transferring those goods or providing services. We account for a contract when it has approval and commitment from both parties, the rights of the parties are identified, payment terms are identified, the contract has commercial substance and collectability of consideration is probable. When determining whether the distributor has obtained control of the goods or services, we consider any future performance obligations. Generally, there is no post-shipment obligation on products sold other than warranty obligations in the normal and ordinary course of business. Consequently, revenue from the sale of the AffloVest product is recognized at shipment, unless circumstances dictate that control has not yet passed to the distributor.

Certain of our contracts include volume-based incentives which involve rebates that are negotiated at or prior to the time of sale with the customer and are redeemable only if the customer achieves a specified cumulative level of sales or sales increase. Under these incentive programs, at the time of sale, we determine

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the most likely amount of the rebate to be paid based on forecasted sales levels. These forecasts are updated at least quarterly for applicable customers, and the transaction price is reduced for the anticipated cost of the rebate. If the forecasted sales for a customer change, the accrual for rebates is adjusted to reflect the new rebates expected to be earned by the customer.

Amounts billed to customers for shipping and handling activities after the customer obtains control are treated as a promised service performance obligation and recorded in revenue in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations. Shipping and handling costs incurred for the delivery of goods to customers are considered a cost to fulfill the contract and are included in cost of revenue sold in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations.

We provide a warranty for the AffloVest products against defects in material and workmanship for a period of five years. In accordance with applicable accounting guidance, we have determined these were assurance warranties and therefore not considered a performance obligation. In addition, we did not evaluate immaterial promised goods or services in the context of the contract. As a result, the sale of these products represents a single performance obligation that is satisfied at a point in time and is short-term in nature.

Research and Development Costs

We expense research and development costs as incurred, including expenses associated with clinical research studies and development.

Shipping and Handling Costs

Amounts billed to customers for shipping and handling activities after the customer obtains control are treated as a promised service performance obligation and recorded in total revenue in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations. Shipping and handling costs incurred for the delivery of goods to customers are considered a cost to fulfill the contract and are included in cost of revenue in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Product Warranty

We provide a warranty for our products against defects in material and workmanship for a period of one to five years. We record a liability for future warranty claims at the time of sale for the warranty period offered to a customer. If the assumptions used in calculating the provision were to materially change, such as incurring higher than anticipated warranty claims, an additional provision may be required.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

We review long-lived assets, including property and equipment and patents, for impairment whenever events or changes in business circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be fully recoverable. We will assess long-lived assets used in operations for impairment indicators, including when undiscounted cash flows estimated to be generated by those assets are less than the assets’ carrying amount (see Note 8 – “Goodwill and Intangible Assets”).

Goodwill

Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price paid over the estimated fair value of the net assets acquired and liabilities assumed in the acquisition of a business. Goodwill is not amortized, but is tested for impairment at least annually or on an interim basis if an event occurs or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of a reporting unit below its carrying value. We perform our annual assessment of goodwill for impairment as of July 1st of each fiscal year. See Note 8 – “Goodwill and Intangible Assets” for additional information.

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Stock-Based Compensation

We provide stock-based compensation in the form of various types of equity-based awards, including time-based restricted stock units, performance-based restricted stock units, stock options, and through our Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“ESPP”). Stock-based compensation expense is based on the estimated fair value of the award on the grant date for equity awards, or on the first date of the ESPP purchase period for shares under the ESPP, and recognized over the requisite service periods on our Consolidated Statements of Income using the straight-line expense attribution approach.

The estimated fair value of time-based and performance based restricted stock units is based on the closing price of our common stock on the grant date. Stock options and ESPP shares are valued using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. The Black-Scholes valuation model requires the input of highly subjective assumptions. The assumptions include the expected term of the option or ESPP shares, the expected volatility of the price of our common stock, expected dividend yield and the risk-free interest rate. These estimates involve inherent uncertainties and the significant application of management’s judgment. If factors change and different assumptions are used, our stock-based compensation expense could be materially different in the future (see Note 13 – “Stockholders’ Equity”).

Income Taxes

Income taxes are accounted for under the liability method. Deferred income taxes are provided for temporary differences between the financial reporting and the tax basis of assets and liabilities. If we determine in the future that it is more likely than not that we will not realize all or a portion of the deferred tax assets, we will record a valuation allowance in the period the determination is made (see Note 15 – “Income Taxes”). Changes in tax rates are reflected in the tax provision as they occur.

Net Income (Loss) Per Common Share

Basic net income (loss) per common share is computed based on the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. Diluted net income (loss) per common share is computed based on the weighted average number of shares of common stock plus the effect of dilutive potential stock-based awards outstanding during the period using the treasury stock method. Dilutive potential stock-based awards include outstanding common stock options, time- and performance-based restricted stock units and ESPP shares.

Business Segments

The Company operates as one operating segment. The Company's Chief Operating Decision Maker ("CODM") is its Chief Executive Officer, who reviews financial information presented on a consolidated basis. The CODM uses consolidated net income (loss) as the measure of segment profit or loss. Significant segment expenses are those expenses reported in the Consolidated Statement of Operations. The CODM assesses performance for the segment, allocates resources and monitors budget versus actual results using consolidated revenue and net income (loss) which is reflected in the Consolidated Statement of Operations.

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Accounting Pronouncement Not Yet Adopted

In November 2024, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2024-03, “Income Statement – Reporting Comprehensive Income – Expense disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses” which requires entities to disclose additional information about specific expense categories in the notes to financial statements on an annual and interim basis. The guidance is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2027, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the effect that this standard will have on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-09, “Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures” which requires entities to enhance disclosures around income taxes. The guidance is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the effect this standard will have on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncement

In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-07, “Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures” which requires entities to enhance disclosures around segment reporting. The guidance is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. The Company adopted ASU 2023-07 with respect to the year ended December 31, 2024. As a result, we have enhanced our segment disclosures in this report. The adoption of this ASU affects only our disclosures, with no impacts to our financial condition and results of operations.

Note 4. Acquisitions

On September 8, 2021, we entered into an Asset Purchase Agreement (“AffloVest APA”) to acquire the AffloVest therapy business from International Biophysics Corporation (“IBC”). Under the terms of the AffloVest APA, we agreed to pay IBC a total of up to $100.0 million for the purchase of substantially all of the assets related to its branded high frequency chest wall oscillation vest therapy business, other than specifically identified excluded assets. We acquired AffloVest to further expand our position as a leader in treating patients with underserved chronic conditions in the home. The acquired assets included inventory, tooling, intellectual property, permits and approvals, data and records, and customer and supplier information. At closing, $80.0 million of the purchase price was paid, of which a total of $0.5 million was deposited into an escrow account at closing for purposes of satisfying certain post-closing purchase price adjustments and indemnification claims. Subsequent to closing, $0.2 million was returned to us as a result of working capital adjustments and the remaining $0.3 million was released to IBC. The AffloVest acquisition was funded through a combination of cash on hand and proceeds from borrowings.

On November 4, 2022, we entered into an Amendment to the AffloVest APA, the “Amendment” with IBC, which modified the terms of the earn-out arrangement under the AffloVest APA, as follows:

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The fair value of the earn-out as of the acquisition date was $6.4 million. The fair value of the earn-out, reflecting management’s estimate of the likelihood of achieving these targets, was determined by employing a Monte Carlo Simulation model. This amount and the current versus non-current allocation was remeasured at the end of each reporting period until the payment requirement ended, with any adjustments reported in income from operations (see Note 17 – “Fair Value Measurements”).

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Note 5. Accounts Receivable

We had accounts receivable from two insurers representing approximately 23% and 12% of accounts receivable as of December 31, 2024. We had accounts receivable from two insurers representing approximately 36% and 14% of accounts receivable as of December 31, 2023. Revenue from these insurers accounted for 18% and 2% of our total revenue for the year ended December 31, 2024, and 24% and 1% for the year ended December 31, 2023. The credit risks associated with customers which for these purposes are insurers considers aggregation for entities that are known to be under common control.

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Note 6. Inventories

Inventories consisted of the following:

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Component parts and work-in-process ​ 12,517 ​ 14,548

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Note 7. Property and Equipment

Property and equipment consisted of the following:

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​ ​ At December 31,

Demonstration equipment ​ ​ 1,106 ​ ​ 896

Construction in progress ​ ​ 152 ​ ​ 1,271

Less: accumulated depreciation ​ (10,976) ​ (8,583)

Property and equipment, net ​ $ 5,603 ​ $ 6,195

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Depreciation expense was $3.0 million, $2.7 million and $2.5 million for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

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Note 8. Goodwill and Intangible Assets

Goodwill

In the third quarter of fiscal 2021, we completed the AffloVest acquisition. The purchase price of the AffloVest business exceeded the net acquisition-date estimated fair value amounts of the identifiable assets acquired and the liabilities assumed by $31.1 million, which was assigned to goodwill.

Intangible Assets

Our patents and other intangible assets are summarized as follows:

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​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

​ ​ Weighted- ​ At December 31, 2024

​ ​ Average ​ Gross ​ ​ ​ ​

​ ​ Amortization ​ Carrying ​ Accumulated ​ Net

(In thousands) Period ​ Amount ​ Amortization ​ Amount

Definite-lived intangible assets: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

Defensive intangible assets ​ < 1 year ​ ​ 1,125 ​ ​ 1,065 ​ ​ 60

Customer accounts ​ — ​ ​ 125 ​ ​ 125 ​ ​ —

Unamortized intangible assets: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

Patents pending ​ ​ ​ ​ 223 ​ ​ — ​ ​ 223

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​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

​ ​ Weighted- ​ At December 31, 2023

​ ​ Average ​ Gross ​ ​ ​ ​

​ ​ Amortization ​ Carrying ​ Accumulated ​ Net

(In thousands) Period ​ Amount ​ Amortization ​ Amount

Definite-lived intangible assets: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

Defensive intangible assets ​ 1 year ​ ​ 1,125 ​ ​ 920 ​ ​ 205

Customer accounts ​ — ​ 125 ​ 125 ​ —

Unamortized intangible assets: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

Patents pending ​ ​ ​ ​ 491 ​ ​ — ​ ​ 491

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Amortization expense was $3.8 million for each of the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, of which $1.3 million in each of the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, were recorded in cost of sales revenue. Future amortization expenses are expected as follows:

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(In thousands) ​ ​ ​

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The weighted-average remaining amortization period for these intangible assetswas 9.2 years as of December 31, 2024.

Note 9. Accrued Expenses

Accrued expenses consisted of the following:

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Legal and consulting ​ ​ 1,318 ​ ​ 611

In-transit inventory ​ ​ 1,013 ​ ​ 401

Sales and use tax ​ ​ 802 ​ ​ 183

Clinical studies ​ ​ 304 ​ ​ 363

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Note 10. Warranty Reserves

The activity in the warranty reserve during and as of the end of the years presented was as follows:

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​ Year Ended

​ December 31,

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Accrued warranty reserve, current $ 1,784 ​ $ 2,357 ​ $ 2,005

Accrued warranty reserve, non-current ​ 1,209 ​ ​ 1,681 ​ ​ 2,207

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Note 11. Credit Agreement

On April 30, 2021, we entered into an Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (the “Restated Credit Agreement”) with the lenders from time to time party thereto, and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as Administrative Agent. The Restated Credit Agreement amended and restated in its entirety our prior credit agreement.

On September 8, 2021, we entered into a First Amendment Agreement (the “Amendment”), which amended the Restated Credit Agreement (as amended by the Amendment, the “Credit Agreement”) with the lenders from time to time party thereto and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as administrative agent. The Amendment, among other things, added a $30.0 million incremental term loan to the $25.0 million revolving credit facility provided by the Restated Credit Agreement. The term loan is reflected on our consolidated financial statements as a note payable. The Credit Agreement provides that, subject to satisfaction of certain conditions, we may increase the amount of the revolving loans available under the Credit Agreement and/or add one or more term loan facilities in an amount not to exceed $25.0 million in the aggregate, such that the total aggregate principal amount of loans available under the Credit Agreement (including under the revolving credit facility) does not exceed $80.0 million.

On September 8, 2021, in connection with the closing of the AffloVest acquisition, we borrowed the $30.0 million term loan and utilized that borrowing, together with a draw of $25.0 million under the revolving credit facility and cash on hand, to fund the purchase price.

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On February 22, 2022, we entered into a Second Amendment Agreement (the “Second Amendment”), which further amended the Credit Agreement. The Second Amendment modified the maximum leverage ratio, the minimum fixed charge coverage ratio and the minimum consolidated EBITDA covenants under the Credit Agreement, and added a minimum liquidity covenant, through the quarter ended June 30, 2023. The Second Amendment also increased the applicable margin for LIBOR rate loans under the Credit Agreement during the period commencing on the date of the Second Amendment and ending on the last day of the fiscal quarter ending June 30, 2023. Pursuant to the Second Amendment, we made a mandatory principal prepayment of the term loan of $3.0 million on February 22, 2022.

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On June 21, 2023, we entered into a Third Amendment Agreement (the “Third Amendment”) that replaced the interest rate benchmark under the Credit Agreement from LIBOR to the term Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”). All tenors of term SOFR are subject to a credit spread adjustment of 0.10% (“Adjusted Term SOFR”).

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Following the Third Amendment, the term loan and amounts drawn under the revolving credit facility bear interest, at our option, at a rate equal to (a) the highest of (i) the prime rate, (ii) the federal funds rate plus 0.50% and (iii) Adjusted Term SOFR for a one-month tenor plus 1% (the “Base Rate”) plus an applicable margin or (b) Adjusted Term SOFR for an interest period of one, three or six months, at our option, plus the applicable margin. The applicable margin is 0.75% to 2.25% on loans bearing interest at the Base Rate and 1.75% to 3.25% on loans bearing interest at Adjusted Term SOFR, in each case depending on our consolidated total leverage ratio; except that, pursuant to the Second Amendment and the Third Amendment, during the period commencing on February 22, 2022 and ending on the last day of the fiscal quarter ending June 30, 2023, the applicable margin for LIBOR rate loans and Adjusted Term SOFR loans, as applicable, was 3.50%. At December 31, 2024, all outstanding borrowings were subject to interest at a rate calculated at Adjusted Term SOFR plus an applicable margin, for an interest rate of 6.42%.

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On August 1, 2023, we entered into a Fourth Amendment Agreement (the “Fourth Amendment”), which further amended the Credit Agreement. The Fourth Amendment, among other things, decreased the commitment fees payable under the revolving credit facility under the Credit Agreement such that the undrawn portions of the revolving credit facility are subject to an unused line fee at a rate per annum from 0.125% to 0.200%, depending on our consolidated leverage ratio, and eliminated the language providing that the applicable margin for Adjusted Term SOFR loans was 3.50%, such that the interest rates are in effect as set forth in the above paragraph. The Fourth Amendment also eliminated the liquidity financial covenant and modified the remaining financial covenants to reflect the termination of the temporary covenant relief period that was in place until June 30, 2023 pursuant to the Second Amendment, such that the financial covenants now include a maximum consolidated total leverage ratio covenant, a minimum consolidated EBITDA covenant and a minimum fixed charge coverage ratio covenant. In addition, the Fourth Amendment provided for an additional term loan in the amount of $8.25 million, which we used for a paydown of the revolving credit facility. The Fourth Amendment also extended the maturity date of the term loans and revolving credit facility under the Credit Agreement from September 8, 2024, to August 1, 2026.

On November 1, 2024, we entered into a Fifth Amendment Agreement (the “Fifth Amendment”), which further amended the Credit Agreement. The Fifth Amendment permits the Company to make payments to repurchase shares of its common stock, as long as the Company is not in default before and after giving effect to such repurchases, and as long as such repurchases do not exceed $30.0 million.

On December 21, 2023, we made a payment of $16.8 million to repay in full the outstanding balance on the revolving credit facility.

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As of December 31, 2024, we had outstanding borrowings of $26.3 million under the Credit Agreement, comprised entirely of the term loan. The principal of the term loan is required to be repaid in quarterly installments of $750,000. Maturities of the term loan for the next three years as of December 31, 2024, were as follows:

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(In thousands) Amount

Less: Deferred financing fees ​ ​ (74)

Net Note Payable ​ ​ 26,176

Less: Current portion of note payable ​ ​ (2,956)

Non-current portion of note payable ​ $ 23,220

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Our obligations under the Credit Agreement are secured by a security interest in substantially all of our and our subsidiary’s assets and are also guaranteed by our subsidiary. As of December 31, 2024, the Credit Agreement contained a number of restrictions and covenants, including that we maintain compliance with a maximum consolidated total leverage ratio, a minimum fixed charge coverage ratio and a minimum consolidated EBITDA covenant. As of December 31, 2024, we were in compliance with all covenants under the Credit Agreement.

Note 12. Commitments and Contingencies

Lease Obligations

We lease property and equipment under operating leases, typically with terms greater than 12 months, and determine if an arrangement contains a lease at inception. In general, an arrangement contains a lease if there is an identified asset and we have the right to direct the use of and obtain substantially all of the economic benefit from the use of the identified asset. We record an operating lease liability at the present value of lease payments over the lease term on the commencement date. The related right of use (“ROU”) operating lease asset reflects rental escalation clauses, as well as renewal options and/or termination options. The exercise of lease renewal and/or termination options are at our discretion and are included in the determination of the lease term and lease payment obligations when it is deemed reasonably certain that the option will be exercised. When available, we use the rate implicit in the lease to discount lease payments to present value; however, certain leases do not provide a readily determinable implicit rate. Therefore, we must estimate our incremental borrowing rate to discount the lease payments based on information available at lease commencement.

We classify our leases as buildings, vehicles or computer and office equipment and do not separate lease and nonlease components of contracts for any of the aforementioned classifications. In accordance with applicable guidance, we do not record leases with terms that are less than one year on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

None of our lease agreements contain material restrictive covenants or residual value guarantees.

Buildings

We lease certain office and warehouse space at various locations in the United States where we provide services. These leases are typically greater than one year with fixed, escalating rents over the noncancelable terms and, therefore, ROU operating lease assets and operating lease liabilities are recorded on the Consolidated Balance Sheets, with rent expense recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. The remaining lease terms vary from approximately one to seven years as of December 31, 2024.

We entered into a lease (“initial lease”) in October 2018, for approximately 80,000 square feet of office space for our new corporate headquarters in Minneapolis, Minnesota. In December 2018, we amended the initial lease to add approximately 29,000 square feet of additional office space, which is accounted for as a separate lease (“second lease”) in accordance with ASU No. 2016-02, “Leases” (Topic 842) (“ASC 842”). In