Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our financial statements and the related notes to those statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Some of the information contained in this discussion and analysis or set forth elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, including information with respect to our plans and strategy for our business, includes forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. As a result of many important factors, including those set forth in the “Risk Factors” section of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, our actual results could differ materially from the results described in, or implied, by these forward-looking statements.

Overview

We are a medical device company dedicated to solving musculoskeletal disorders of the sacropelvic anatomy. Leveraging our knowledge of pelvic anatomy and biomechanics, we have pioneered proprietary minimally invasive surgical implant systems to address sacroiliac joint dysfunction as well as address unmet clinical needs in pelvic fixation and management of pelvic fractures.

Our products include a series of patented titanium implants and the instruments used to implant them, as well as implantable bone products. Since launching our first generation iFuse in 2009, we have launched new titanium implant product lines, iFuse-3D in 2017, iFuse-TORQ in 2021 and iFuse Bedrock Granite in 2022. Within the United States, our iFuse, iFuse-3D and iFuse-TORQ have clearances for applications across sacroiliac joint dysfunction and fusion, adult deformity and degeneration, and pelvic trauma.

We market our products primarily with a direct sales force as well as a number of third-party sales agents in the United States, and with a combination of a direct sales force and sales agents in other countries. As of December 31, 2023, more than 95,000 procedures have been performed by over 3,600 physicians in the United States and 38 other countries since we introduced iFuse in 2009.

Factors Affecting Results of Operations and Key Performance Indicators

We monitor certain key performance indicators that we believe provide us and our investors indications of conditions that may affect results of our operations. Our revenue growth rate and commercial progress is impacted by, among other things, our key performance indicators, including our ability to expand access to solutions, increase physician penetration, launch new products, address human capital needs and gain operational efficiencies.

Expand Access to Solutions

As we expand our portfolio, the experience, caliber, and strong clinician relationships of our sales force, including our network of third-party sales agents, will be crucial to drive adoption of our future products and procedures. Since our initial public offering in 2018, we have made significant investments in our commercial infrastructure to build a valuable sales team to expand the market, drive physician engagement and deliver revenue growth.

While we will continue to selectively expand our sales force, we are also focused on increasing our sales managers' capacity and driving sales force productivity by adding more clinical support specialists and implementing hybrid models, including selectively adding third-party sales agents for case coverage, and by placing instrument trays and implants at select sites of service. This expansion of our sales force is one aspect of increasing the overall number of procedures in a given period that we can support with products, which is what we call “surgical capacity.” Our surgical capacity is also limited by the volume of implant inventory and the number of instrument trays held ready for surgery, either at our headquarters facility, forward deployed with our sales force or placed at customer facilities. As we grow, and as adoption of our solutions continues to mature, our overall surgical capacity may become an important driver of the amount of revenue that we can generate.

As of December 31, 2023, our U.S. sales force consisted of 82 territory sales managers and 69 clinical support specialists directly employed by us and 175 third-party sales agents, compared to 88 territory sales managers and 73 clinical support specialists directly employed by us and 105 third-party sales agent as of December 31, 2022. As of December 31, 2023, our international sales force consisted of 14 sales representatives directly employed by us and 31 third-party sales agents and resellers, compared to 18 sales representatives directly employed by us and 30 third-party sales agents and resellers as of December 31, 2022.

As of December 31, 2023, over 20 percent of our procedures for sacroiliac joint dysfunction were performed at ambulatory surgery centers, or ASCs. With the steady increase in the numbers of minimally invasive procedures, including sacroiliac joint fusion procedures, being performed at ASCs, we continue to actively engage with these facilities to educate their management groups on our clinical evidence, exclusive commercial payor coverage and focus on driving improved education and pathways between pain physicians and surgeons.

We have been making targeted investments in digital marketing initiatives to drive patient awareness, to empower and educate patients as they manage their sacroiliac joint dysfunction and associated pain. These marketing programs are targeted at patients in chronic, severe sacroiliac joint pain who have been in conservative care for an extended period of time. We are focused on connecting patients with physicians in their area who perform minimally invasive sacroiliac joint procedures through our Find-a-Doctor website tool. Through a variety of channels, including search, social and display, we have deployed a number of campaigns and are continually optimizing to maximize patient awareness and to connect patients with physicians. Our data-driven approach enables us to focus our investment on the most cost-effective programs.

Physician Engagement

Engaging and educating physician and other healthcare professionals about the clinical merits and patient benefits of our solutions will be important to grow physician adoption. Our medical affairs team works closely with our sales team to increase physician engagement and activation. Physician activity includes both the number of physicians performing our procedures as well as the number of procedures performed per physician. In addition to training new physicians, we have several initiatives to re-engage inactive physicians.

We utilize a combination of hands-on cadaveric and dry-lab training, as well as SI-BONE SImulator - a portable, radiation-free, haptics and computer-based simulator - for training purposes, and optimize our programs to improve adoption rate, time to first case and ultimately physician productivity.

We are targeting over 12,000 U.S. physicians including over 8,000 orthopedic and neurological surgeons and approximately 4,500 interventional spine physicians, to perform our procedures. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, in the United States more than 2,700 physicians and 2,200 physicians, respectively, have been trained on iFuse and have treated at least one patient. Outside the United States, as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, more than 900 and 800 physicians, respectively, have been trained on iFuse and have treated at least one patient. Since launching our academic training program in August 2018, we have trained residents and fellows in over 240 academic programs in the United States, resulting in the training of approximately 1,600 surgical residents and fellows.

Expand Addressable Markets

Expanding our platform of sacropelvic solutions to address sacroiliac joint dysfunction, pelvic fixation and pelvic trauma has been a key tenet of our strategy, and we have made substantial progress on this mission. With iFuse-3D, iFuse-TORQ and iFuse Bedrock Granite, we believe that the value of our innovative, versatile, and complementary product portfolio provides physicians with a comprehensive set of alternatives, and positions us as the top choice for physicians for sacropelvic solutions. We also offer an allograft bone implant for physicians who believe that this kind of implant can be important to obtaining stabilization and /or fusion.

In June 2022, we completed enrollment in SILVIA, a two-year prospective international multi-center randomized controlled trial of two different methods for pelvic fixation in adult patients undergoing multi-segmental, or long-construct, spinal fusion. We anticipate the results for the primary endpoint in 2025. In September 2022 we enrolled the first of the targeted 120 patients in our SAFFRON study, a prospective randomized controlled trial of surgery using our iFuse-TORQ device vs. non-surgical management in patients with debilitating sacral fragility or insufficiency fractures. We anticipate results to be available in late 2024. We are working with a select group of physicians on STACI, a prospective study on the use of iFuse-TORQ in patients with sacroiliac joint dysfunction. The purpose of STACI is to provide post-market information on the safety and effectiveness of minimally invasive sacroiliac joint fusion procedures performed with iFuse-TORQ.

We continue to invest in research and development initiatives to bring new and differentiated solutions to the market that deliver on our vision of improving patient quality of life through differentiated solutions to target segments with a clear unmet clinical need. Robust clinical evidence is central to drive adoption and favorable reimbursement, and we remain focused on continuing to set the industry standard in delivering evidence-based care through best-in-class clinical trials that demonstrate the efficacy, safety, and economic benefit of our solutions. In 2023, we spent $15.0 million on research and development, equating to 11% of our 2023 revenue.

Enhance Employee Experience and Engagement

Our ability to recruit, develop and retain highly skilled talent is a significant determinant of our success. To attract, retain, and develop our talent, we seek to create a diverse and inclusive workplace with opportunities for our employees to thrive and advance in their careers. We support this with market-competitive compensation, comprehensive benefits, and health and wellness programs.

In addition to ensuring workforce diversity and equitable compensation for our employees, we maintain a strong focus on enhancing employee retention and job satisfaction. To achieve this, we have established a feedback mechanism to continually monitor and respond to employee sentiment. Using this feedback, we deploy strategies that enhance the skills of our people managers and improve internal communications with employees. Furthermore, we provide ongoing learning and leadership training opportunities to support professional growth.

In 2023, we conducted instructor-led trainings designed to build people leadership capabilities and train managers on delivering actionable feedback. We have also adopted a goal for each of our managers to have regular check-ins with employees to discuss their personal goals and career plans in furtherance of our commitment to career and professional development.

We maintain a commitment to employee retention by leveraging insights from exit interviews and engagement surveys to continuously enhance the workplace experience.

Gain operational efficiency

To support our growing portfolio of solutions, we continue to evolve our business processes to identify, measure and improve operational efficiency. The information developed will allow us to optimize processes, increase sales force productivity and improve asset utilization.

We are focused on increasing our territory sales managers and sales representatives capacity, efficiency and productivity. We may do this by adding more clinical support specialists and third-party sales agents as part of hybrid arrangements for case coverage, and by consigning instrument trays and implants at selective sites of service. Our average revenue per territory sales manager has increased to approximately $1.6 million in fiscal year 2023, from $1.2 million in fiscal year 2022.

We have made significant investments in instrument trays used to perform surgeries. Our goal is to deploy instrument trays to the market where the demand exists to increase our asset utilization rates over time and use capital more effectively by having our instrument trays used in more surgeries in any given time period. Given supply chain disruptions impacting the industry, we are working closely with our suppliers to reduce lead time for our implants to ensure we can support our expanding physician footprint and over time build the resilience in our supply chain to reduce our cash investment in inventory. Additionally, we are partnering with our suppliers around design for manufacturing, specifically for newer products, to reduce the overall cost of the implants as we scale, and reduce waste and rework.Lastly, we are integrating our demand planning and manufacturing systems, to ensure we leverage actual usage trends as we build surgical capacity to support our growth.

Components of Results of Operations

Revenue

Our revenue from sales of implants fluctuate based on volume of cases (procedures performed), discounts, mix of international and U.S. sales, different implant pricing and the number of implants used for a particular patient. Similar to other orthopedic companies, our case volume can vary from quarter to quarter due to a variety of factors including reimbursement, sales force changes, physician activities, product launches, and seasonality.In addition, our revenue is impacted by changes in average selling price as we respond to the competitive landscape and price differences at different medical facilities, such as hospitals, ASCs and OBLs. Further, revenue results can differ based upon the mix of business between U.S. and international sales mix of our products used, and the sales channel through which each procedure is supported. Our revenue from international sales is impacted by fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates between the U.S. dollar (our reporting currency) and the local currency.

Our business is affected by seasonal variations. For instance, we have historically experienced lower sales in the summer months and higher sales in the last quarter of the fiscal year as patients have more time in the winter months to have the procedure completed or want to take advantage of their annual limits on deductibles, co-payments and other out-of-pocket payments specified in their insurance plans. However, taken as a whole, seasonality does not have a material impact on our financial results from year to year.

Cost of Goods Sold, Gross Profit, and Gross Margin

We utilize third-party manufacturers for production of our implants and instrument trays. Cost of goods sold consists primarily of costs of the components of implants and instruments, instrument tray depreciation, royalties, scrap and inventory obsolescence, as well as distribution-related expenses such as logistics and shipping costs. Our cost of goods sold has historically increased as case levels increase and from changes in our product mix.

Operating Expenses

Our operating expenses consist of sales and marketing, research and development, and general and administrative expenses. Personnel costs are the most significant component of operating expenses and consist of salaries, sales commissions and other cash and stock-based compensation related expenses. We intend to make investments to execute our strategic plans and operational initiatives. We anticipate certain operating expenses will continue to increase to support our growth.

Sales and Marketing Expenses

Sales and marketing expenses primarily consist of salaries, stock-based compensation expense, and other compensation related costs, for personnel employed in sales, marketing, medical affairs, reimbursement and professional education departments. In addition, our sales and marketing expenses include commissions and bonuses, generally based on a percentage of sales, as well as certain commission guarantees paid to our senior sales management, territory sales managers, clinical support specialists and third-party sales agents.

Research and Development Expenses

Our research and development expenses primarily consist of engineering, product development, clinical and regulatory expenses (including clinical study expenses), consulting services, outside prototyping services, outside research activities, materials, depreciation, and other costs associated with development of our products. Research and development expenses also include related personnel compensation and stock-based compensation expense. We expense research and development costs as they are incurred.

Research and development expenses for engineering projects fluctuate with project timing. Based upon our broader set of product development initiatives and the stage of the underlying projects, we expect to continue to make investments in research and development. As such, we anticipate that research and development expenses will continue to increase in the future.

General and Administrative Expenses

General and administrative expenses primarily consist of salaries, stock-based compensation expense, and other costs for finance, accounting, legal, insurance, compliance, and administrative matters.

Interest Income

Interest income is primarily related to our investments of excess cash in money market funds and marketable securities.

Interest Expense

Interest expense is primarily related to borrowings, amortization of debt issuance costs, and accretion of final fees on the First-Citizens Term Loan.

Other Income (Expense), Net

Other income (expense), net consists primarily of net foreign exchange gains and losses on foreign transactions.

Results of Operations

We manage and operate as one reportable segment. The table below summarizes our results of operations for the periods presented (percentages are amounts as a percentage of revenue), which we derived from the consolidated financial statements:

Amount % Amount %

(in thousands, except for percentages)

Consolidated Statements of Operations Data:

Operating expenses:

Interest and other income (expense), net:

Other income (expense), net 141 — % (132) — %

We derive the majority of our revenue from sales to customers in the United States. Revenue by geography is based on billing address of the customer. The table below summarizes our revenue by geography:

Amount % Amount %

(in thousands except for percentages)

Comparison of the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022

Revenue, Cost of Goods Sold, Gross Profit, and Gross Margin:

Year Ended December 31,

(in thousands except for percentages)

Gross margin 79 % 85 %

Revenue. The increase in revenue for the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to the year ended December 31, 2022 comprised a $31.9 million increase in our U.S. revenue and an increase of $0.6 million in our international revenue. The increase in revenue is due to the increase in case volumes, driven by a seasoned and growing base of active physicians and an expanded product portfolio.

Gross Profit and Gross Margin. Gross profit increased $18.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to the year ended December 31, 2022 driven by higher revenue. Gross margin was 79% for the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to 85% in the prior year. Gross margin decreased due to procedure and product mix given the higher total costs of iFuse-TORQ and iFuse Bedrock Granite implants including royalties, the increase in inventory reserve expense and the increase in depreciation costs to support the growth of the business.

Operating Expenses:

Year Ended December 31,

(in thousands, except for percentages)

Sales and Marketing Expenses. The increase in sales and marketing expenses for the year ended December 31, 2023 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2022 was primarily due to a $6.1 million increase in commissions driven by higher revenues, partially offset by a $3.6 million decrease in employee related costs and travel related costs driven by lower headcount within sales and marketing as well as timing of certain commercial activities.

Research and Development Expenses. The increase in research and development expenses for the year ended December 31, 2023 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2022 was primarily due to a $0.9 million increase in employee related costs and stock-based compensation due to higher compensation, a $0.4 million increase in consulting costs and travel related costs driven by more projects in development, and a $0.1 million increase in facilities and other related costs resulting from the research and development facility.

General and Administrative Expenses. The increase in general and administrative expenses for the year ended December 31, 2023 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2022 was primarily due to a $1.6 million increase in employee related costs and stock-based compensation, a $0.6 million increase in the allowance for credit losses and a $0.3 million increase in accounting and audit fees primarily associated with Sarbanes-Oxley compliance requirements, partially offset by a $0.4 million decrease in consulting costs.

Interest and Other Income (Expense), Net:

Year Ended December 31, $ Change % Change

(in thousands, except for percentages)

Total interest and other income (expense), net $ 3,595 $ (1,647) $ 5,242 318 %

Interest Income. The increase in interest income for the year ended December 31, 2023 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2022 was mainly due to higher interest earned on our investments in marketable securities, primarily as a result of higher interest rates earned on higher cash and investment balances.

Interest Expense. The increase in interest expense for the year ended December 31, 2023 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2022 was primarily due to higher interest rates associated with the First-Citizens Term Loan.

Other Income (Expense), Net. Other income (expense), net changed from expense to income for the year ended December 31, 2023 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2022 due to foreign currency fluctuations.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

As of December 31, 2023, we had cash and marketable securities of $166.0 million compared to $97.3 million as of December 31, 2022. We have financed our operations primarily through our public offerings and debt financing arrangements. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022 we had $36.1 million and $35.2 million outstanding debt, respectively.

As of December 31, 2023, we had an accumulated deficit of $400.4 million. During the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, we incurred a net loss of $43.3 million and $61.3 million, respectively, and expect to incur additional losses in the future. We have not achieved positive cash flow from operations to date.

In May 2023, we received a total of $83.7 million of net proceeds after deducting the underwriting discounts and commissions from the public offering of our common stock.

Based upon our current operating plan, we believe that our existing cash and marketable securities will enable us to fund our operating expenses and capital expenditure requirements over the next 12 months and beyond. However, the financial impact of a potential economic downturn or capital market disruptions pose risks and uncertainties in our future available capital resources. We may face challenges and uncertainties and, as a result, may need to raise additional capital as our available capital resources may be consumed more rapidly than currently expected due to, but not limited to (a) decreases in sales of our products and the uncertainty of future revenues from new products; (b) changes we may make to the business that affect ongoing operating expenses; (c) changes we may make in our business strategy; (d) regulatory and reimbursement developments affecting our existing products; (e) changes we may make in our research and development spending plans; and (f) other items affecting our forecasted level of expenditures and use of cash resources.In addition, as we seek to deploy new product offerings, the need for additional capital to fund the purchase of inventories of implants and instrument trays may become more acute and may limit the number of revenue opportunities that we pursue.Each new product family introduced typically requires the purchase of consumable implant inventory as well as investment in a fleet of instrument trays required to support procedures nationwide.

Term Loan

Our outstanding debt is related to a term loan pursuant to the Loan and Security Agreement dated August 12, 2021 (the “Effective Date”), entered into by us and Silicon Valley Bank (“SVB”). Pursuant the agreement, SVB provided a term loan in the aggregate principal amount of $35.0 million to us (the “Original Term Loan”).

On January 6, 2023, we entered into a First Amendment to Loan and Security Agreement (the “Amendment”) with SVB, which amends our Original Term Loan pursuant to which we had a term loan facility in an aggregate principal amount of $35.0 million (the “Original Loan Agreement” and with the Amendment, collectively the “Amended Loan Agreement”). Upon entry into the Amended Loan Agreement, we borrowed $36.0 million pursuant to a new term loan (the “Term Loan”), which was substantially used to repay in full the $35.0 million term loan facility outstanding under the Original Loan Agreement and secured a revolving credit facility in an aggregate principal amount of up to $15.0 million (the “Revolving Line"). On March 14, 2023 all of SVB’s assets and liabilities, including all of SVB’s rights as the lender pursuant to the Amended Loan Agreement, were assigned to Silicon Valley Bridge Bank. On March 27, 2023, all of Silicon Valley Bridge Bank’s assets and liabilities were assigned and assumed by First-Citizens Bank & Trust Company (“First-Citizens”). The Amended Loan Agreement also includes an uncommitted accordion term loan in an aggregate principal amount of up to $15.0 million, which accordion may be approved by First-Citizens, solely in its discretion, upon our request. The Term Loan matures on December 1, 2027 (the “Term Loan Maturity Date”). Interest on the Term Loan will be payable monthly at a floating annual rate set at the greater of the prime rate as published in the Wall Street Journal plus 0.5% or 6.75%. Commencing on July 1, 2025, we will be required to make monthly principal Term Loan amortization payments. A final fee payment of 2% of the original principal amount of the Term Loan is due upon the earlier of the Term Loan Maturity Date, termination, acceleration by First-Citizens following an event of default, or prepayment of the Term Loan. We may elect to prepay the Term Loan in whole prior to the Term Loan Maturity Date subject to a prepayment fee equal to 2% of the principal amount of the Term Loan prepaid at such time. No prepayment fee would be due if the Term Loan is refinanced by First-Citizens. Pursuant to the terms of the Amended Loan Agreement, revolving loans may be borrowed, repaid and reborrowed until the maturity date, which will be July 6, 2025 (the “Revolving Line Maturity Date”). Borrowings under the Revolving Line are based on 80% of eligible domestic accounts receivable borrowing base. Interest on the outstanding balance of the Revolving Line will be payable monthly at a floating annual rate set at the greater of the prime rate as published in the Wall Street Journal or 6.25%. Interest on borrowings is due monthly and any principal balance is due on the Revolving Line Maturity Date, provided that when Revolving Line Advances are outstanding, in the event we do not maintain an adjusted quick ratio of at least 1.5 to 1.0, then falling below such threshold will allow First-Citizens to apply accounts receivable collections to outstanding Revolving Line borrowings. We will pay a total commitment fee of $187,500 on account of the Revolving Line payable in installments, but fully earned at close. We will also be required to pay a fee of $150,000 if we terminate the Amended Loan Agreement or the Revolving Line prior to Revolving Line Maturity Date, or if First-Citizens terminates the Loan Agreement or the Revolving Line following an event of default. No termination fee would be due if the Revolving Line is replaced with a new facility with First-Citizens. No amounts were outstanding under the Revolving Line as of December 31, 2023.

On March 10, 2023, we violated certain terms of the credit facility by opening bank accounts with another financial institution and transferring funds from SVB. We entered into a letter agreement with Silicon Valley Bridge Bank waiving enforcement of this covenant and providing us the right to hold a portion of our cash at other financial institutions. A future violation of any covenants could result in a default under the Amended Loan Agreement that would permit First-Citizens to restrict our ability to further access the Revolving Line of Credit for loans and require the immediate repayment of any outstanding loans under the agreement. As of December 31, 2023, we were in compliance with all debt covenants, provided, however, that in order to access future credit advances under the Revolving Line of Credit, we will be required to redirect certain customer payments and transfer certain cash management account balances, in each case, back to First-Citizens. As of December 31, 2023, we had cash management accounts with a financial institution other than First-Citizens and instructed our customers to direct payments to us to these separate operating accounts. Until such customer payments are directed back to certain First-Citizens cash collateral accounts, and certain balances and funds are moved back to the First-Citizens cash collateral accounts and other accounts held at First-Citizens, we will be unable to obtain credit advances under the Revolving Line.

The Amended Loan Agreement contains customary events of default, including bankruptcy, the failure to make payments when due, the occurrence of a material impairment on First-Citizens' security interest over the collateral, a material adverse change, the occurrence of a default under certain other indebtedness of our company and our subsidiaries, the rendering of certain types of judgments against us and our subsidiaries, the revocation of certain government approvals, violation of covenants, and incorrectness of representations and warranties in any material respect. In addition, the Amended Loan Agreement contains a financial covenant which requires us to maintain, at all times during which we are subject to financial covenants under the Amended Loan Agreement is in effect, certain net revenue levels as agreed upon by us and First-Citizens. If we do not comply with the various covenants under the Amended Loan Agreement and an event of default occurs under the Amended Loan Agreement, the interest rate on outstanding amounts can increase by 3% and First-Citizens may, subject to various customary cure rights, decline to provide additional advances under the Revolving Line, require the immediate payment of all loans and other amounts outstanding under the Amended Loan Agreement, and foreclose on all collateral.

Cash Requirements

Our material cash requirements include various contractual and other obligations consisting of long-term debt obligations with First-Citizens, operating lease obligations and purchase obligations with some of our suppliers. Expected timing of those payments are as follows:

Payments Due By Period

Total Less than 1 year 1-3 years 4-5 years More than 5 years

(in thousands)

Purchase obligations 430 430 — — —

(1)Represents the principal obligations and the final fee at maturities of our First-Citizens Term Loan.

(2)Represents the future interest obligations on our First-Citizens Term Loan estimated using an interest rate of 9.0% as of December 31, 2023.

This compared to $48.7 million of contractual obligations as of December 31, 2022.

Cash Flows

The following table sets forth the primary sources and uses of cash for each of the periods presented below:

Year Ended December 31,

(in thousands)

Net cash provided by (used in):

Effects of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents 132 (429) 561

Cash Used in Operating Activities

Net cash used in operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2023 of $18.7 million resulted from cash outflows due to net loss of $43.3 million, adjusted for $29.5 million of non-cash items and cash outflows from changes in operating assets and liabilities of $4.8 million. Net cash used in operation activities for the year ended December 31, 2022 of $41.7 million resulted from cash outflows due to net loss of $61.3 million, adjusted for $27.6 million of non-cash items and cash outflows from changes in operating assets and liabilities of $8.0 million. The decrease in net loss, net of non-cash items for the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to the year ended December 31, 2022 was mainly due to increased revenues. Net cash outflows from changes in operating assets and liabilities for year ended December 31, 2023 were primarily due to higher accounts receivable due to timing of collections and the increase in revenue in the fourth quarter of 2023, higher inventory build-up related to our implants, higher prepaid expenses due to timing of payments, and lower accounts payable attributable to the normal course timing of expenses, offset in part by an increase in accrued liabilities and other due to timing of other third-party payments and higher compensation and benefits accruals. Net cash outflows from changes in operating assets and liabilities for the year ended December 31, 2022 were primarily due to higher inventory build-up related to our iFuse-TORQ and iFuse Bedrock Granite implants and higher accounts receivable due to timing of collections and the increase in revenue in the fourth quarter of 2022, offset in part by a decrease in prepaid expenses due to timing of payments for software subscriptions and lower prepaid annual insurance premiums, an increase in accounts payable due to the timing of vendor payments, and an increase in accrued liabilities and other due to timing of other third-party payments and higher compensation and benefits accruals.

Cash Used In Investing Activities

Net cash used in investing activities in the year ended December 31, 2023 was $59.8 million compared to net cash used in investing activities of $2.8 million in the year ended December 31, 2022. Net cash used in investing activities for the year ended December 31, 2023 consisted of purchases of property and equipment of $7.8 million related to individual components in instrument trays to support increased case volumes and capitalized costs related to the lease in Santa Clara and equipment and purchases of our marketable securities, net of maturities, of $52.0 million. Net cash used in investing activities for the year ended December 31, 2022 consisted of purchases of property and equipment of $9.5 million related to individual components in instrument trays to support increased case volumes, increased demand for iFuse-TORQ and the launch of iFuse Bedrock Granite, as well as capitalized costs related to the lease in Santa Clara, partially offset by maturities of our marketable securities, net of purchases of $6.7 million.

Cash Provided by Financing Activities

Cash provided by financing activities in the year ended December 31, 2023 was $90.9 million resulting from proceeds of $83.7 million from the issuance of common stock under our follow-on public offering, proceeds of $6.6 million from the issuance of common stock under our stock-based incentive compensation plans, and net proceeds of $0.7 million from the refinancing of our term loan with First-Citizens. Cash provided by financing activities for the year ended December 31, 2022 was $2.2 million related to proceeds from the issuance of common stock under our stock-based incentive compensation plans.

Critical Accounting Policies, Significant Judgments, and Use of Estimates

This discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations is based on our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”). The preparation of these consolidated financial statements requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements, as well as the reported revenue generated, and expenses incurred during the reporting periods. We base our estimates on our historical experience, current market conditions and on various other factors that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates. We believe that the accounting policy discussed below is critical to understanding our historical and future performance, as it relates to the more significant area involving management's judgments. For more comprehensive discussion of our significant accounting policies, refer to “Note 2 - Summary of Significant Account Policies” in the accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 of this Form 10-K.

Revenue Recognition

We derive our revenue from the sale of our products to medical groups and hospitals through our direct sales force and third-party sales agents throughout the United States and Europe. We receive payment for the implants consumed during the surgery and do not receive additional or separate consideration for the use of the instrument tray furnished for the physicians’s use. We identify the instrument trays as a lease component and the implants as a non-lease component in our arrangements with our customers. We determine that the non-lease component is qualitatively predominant, and as such, elected the practical expedient to not separate the lease and non-lease components. Therefore, the overall arrangement is accounted for under Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASC 606”).

In accordance with ASC 606, we recognize revenue when control is transferred to the customer, in an amount that reflects the consideration we expect to be entitled to in exchange for the goods or services. To recognize revenue, we apply the following five step approach: (1) identify the contract with a customer, (2) identify the performance obligations in the contract, (3) determine the transaction price, (4) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract, and (5) recognize revenue when a performance obligation is satisfied.

As it relates to majority of our revenue consisting of product sales where our sales representative delivers the product at the point of implantation at hospital or medical facilities, we recognize the revenue upon completion of the procedure and authorization by the customer, net of rebates and price discounts. We also generate a small portion of our revenue from sale of products through third-party sales agents and hospital or medical facilities where the product is ordered in advance of a procedure. The performance obligation is the delivery of the product and therefore, we recognize revenue upon shipment to the customers, net of rebates and price discounts. We account for rebates and price discounts as a reduction to revenue, calculated based on the terms agreed to with the customer. Sales prices are specified in either customer contract, agreed price list, or purchase order, which is executed prior to the transfer of control to the customer. For certain hospitals and medical facilities, we have agreements in place consisting of either a master services agreement or an approved price list, which defines the terms and conditions of the arrangement, including the pricing information, payment terms and pertinent aspects of the relationship between the parties. We also have agreements in place with its third-party sales agents, which include standard terms that do not allow for payment contingent on resale of the product, obtaining financing, or other terms that could impact the distributor’s payment obligation. Our standard payment terms are generally net 30 to 90 days. We consider sales commissions and related expenses as incremental and recoverable costs of acquiring customer contracts. Our sales commissions are paid to our sales representatives in connection with each surgery performed. The period of benefit is concurrent when we recognize our revenue, as such, we also recognize sales commission as expense when incurred.

Stock-Based Compensation

We grant restricted stock unit awards subject to market and service vesting conditions to certain executive officers. This type of grant consists of the right to receive shares of common stock, subject to achievement of time-based criteria and certain market-related performance goals over a specified period, as established by the Compensation Committee of the Company’s Board of Directors. The fair value of our market-related performance awards is estimated using a Monte-Carlo simulation, which incorporates the probability of the achievement of the market-related performance goals at the date of grant. If such performance goals are not ultimately met, the expense is not reversed. Stock-based compensation expense is recognized ratably over the requisite service period.

Seasonality

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

See Note 2 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for related discussions on recently adopted accounting standards and updates on recently issued accounting standards not yet effective, which information is incorporated by reference here.

Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

While we became a large accelerated filer as of December 31, 2023, we are not required to reflect the change in our smaller reporting company status and comply with the associated increased disclosure obligations until our quarterly report for the three-month period ending March 31, 2024. As a result, we are not required to provide the information otherwise required by this Item

Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

SI-BONE, INC.

INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (PCAOB ID 238) 75

Consolidated Balance Sheets 77

Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss 78

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders' Equity 79

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows 80

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 81

Supplementary Data 102

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

To the Board of Directors and Stockholders of SI-BONE, Inc.

Opinions on the Financial Statements and Internal Control over Financial Reporting

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of SI-BONE, Inc. and its subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, and the related consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss, of changes in stockholders’ equity and of cash flows for the years then ended, including the related notes (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). We also have audited the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2023, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO).

In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the years then ended in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Also in our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2023, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the COSO.

Basis for Opinions

The Company's management is responsible for these consolidated financial statements, for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting appearing under Item 9A. Our responsibility is to express opinions on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and on the Company's internal control over financial reporting based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud, and whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects.

Our audits of the consolidated financial statements included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audits also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinions.

Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

Critical Audit Matters

The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the consolidated financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that (i) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the consolidated financial statements and (ii) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.

Revenue Recognition – U.S. Implantation Product Sales

As described in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements, product sales where the Company’s sales representative delivers the product at the point of implantation at the hospital or medical facilities represent the majority of the Company's consolidated revenue. The Company’s consolidated revenue was $138.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2023, of which, $130.6 million is related to the U.S. Management recognizes the revenue from these sales upon completion of the procedure and authorization by the customer, net of rebates and price discounts. This represents the majority of the Company’s consolidated revenue.

The principal consideration for our determination that performing procedures relating to revenue recognition - U.S. implantation product sales is a critical audit matter is a high degree of auditor effort in performing procedures related to the Company’s revenue recognition.

Addressing the matter involved performing procedures and evaluating audit evidence in connection with forming our overall opinion on the consolidated financial statements. These procedures included testing the effectiveness of controls relating to the revenue recognition process, including controls over the recording of product sales upon completion of the procedure and authorization by the customer. These procedures also included, among others, (i) evaluating revenue transactions by testing the issuance and settlement of invoices and credit memos, (ii) tracing transactions not settled to a detailed listing of accounts receivable, (iii) confirming a sample of outstanding customer invoice balances at year end and obtaining and inspecting source documents, including invoices, sales contracts, and proof of implantation for unpaid invoices, and obtaining subsequent cash receipt for paid invoices, where applicable, for confirmations not returned, and (iv) testing the completeness and accuracy of data provided by management.

/s/PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP

San Jose, California

February 27, 2024

We have served as the Company's auditor since 2013.

SI-BONE, INC.

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)

ASSETS

CURRENT ASSETS

Prepaid expenses and other current assets 3,173 2,365

Operating lease right-of-use assets 2,706 4,002

Other non-current assets 325 375

LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

CURRENT LIABILITIES

Operating lease liabilities, current portion 1,416 1,388

Operating lease liabilities, net of current portion 1,511 2,871

Other long-term liabilities 18 30

Commitments and contingencies (Note 6)

STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

Accumulated other comprehensive income 335 232

TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY $ 230,425 $ 157,552

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

SI-BONE, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS

(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)

Year Ended December 31,

Operating expenses:

Interest and other income (expense), net:

Other income (expense), net 141 (132)

Other comprehensive income (loss):

Unrealized gain (loss) of marketable securities 166 (65)

Changes in foreign currency translation (63) (55)

Net loss per share, basic and diluted $ (1.13) $ (1.79)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

SI-BONE, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY

(In thousands, except share amounts)

Shares Amount

Foreign currency translation — — — (55) — (55)

Net unrealized loss on marketable securities — — — (65) — (65)

Foreign currency translation — — — (63) — (63)

Net unrealized gain on marketable securities — — — 166 — 166

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

SI-BONE, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(In thousands)

Year Ended December 31,

Cash flows from operating activities

Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities

Depreciation and amortization 5,428 3,452

Accounts receivable credit losses 761 150

Amortization of debt issuance costs 208 198

Loss on disposal of property and equipment 1,302 153

Changes in operating assets and liabilities

Prepaid expenses and other assets (762) 810

Accrued liabilities and other 3,888 1,207

Net cash used in operating activities (18,713) (41,655)

Cash flows from investing activities

Purchases of property and equipment (7,799) (9,507)

Net cash used in investing activities (59,798) (2,815)

Cash flows from financing activities

Proceeds from debt financing 36,000 —

Repayments of debt financing (35,275) —

Payments of debt issuance costs (40) —

Proceeds from the exercise of common stock options 4,386 379

Net cash provided by financing activities 90,933 2,197

Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents 132 (429)

Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents 12,554 (42,702)

Cash and cash equivalents at

Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information

Supplemental disclosure of non-cash information

Unpaid purchases of property and equipment 501 1,115

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

SI-BONE, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

1. The Company and Nature of Business

SI-BONE, Inc. (the “Company”) was incorporated in the state of Delaware on March 18, 2008 and is headquartered in Santa Clara, California. The Company is a medical device company that has pioneered a proprietary minimally invasive surgical implant system to fuse the sacroiliac joint for treatment of musculoskeletal disorders of the sacropelvic anatomy. The Company introduced its first generation iFuse implant in 2009 in the United States, in 2010 in certain countries in the European Union, and in 2015 in certain countries in the rest of the world. The second generation iFuse implant, iFuse 3-D, was introduced in 2017 followed by iFuse-TORQ in 2021 and iFuse Bedrock Granite in 2022.

In May 2023, the Company received a total of $83.7 million of net proceeds after deducting the underwriting discounts and commissions from the offering of 3,775,000 shares of the Company’s common stock and the exercise of underwriter's option to purchase from the Company an additional 566,250 shares of the Company's common stock, at a public offering price of $22.00 per share. Of these shares, 272,753 shares were offered by a selling stockholder, and the Company did not receive any proceeds from the sale by the selling stockholder.

Risks and Uncertainties

The Company is subject to uncertainties related to liquidity, the ability to meet covenants and access to funding for its capital needs as the financial service industry has experienced disruptions characterized by the bankruptcy, failure, collapse or sale of various financial institutions. The Company’s cash and cash equivalents are primarily invested in deposits and money market accounts with two major financial institutions in the U.S. Deposits in these banks may exceed the federally insured limits or any other insurance provided on such deposits, if any. The Company had accounts with Silicon Valley Bank (“SVB”). On March 10, 2023, California regulators shut down SVB and the FDIC was appointed as SVB’s receiver. On March 26, 2023, the FDIC announced that it had entered into a purchase and assumption agreement with First-Citizens Bank & Trust Company (“First-Citizens”) under which all deposits of the former Silicon Valley Bank were assumed by First-Citizens.First-Citizens acquired the rights as lender under the Company’s Loan and Security Agreement as amended. To date, the Company has not experienced any losses on its deposits of cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities and continues to have access to these funds. As such the Company's future results of operations and liquidity could be adversely impacted by a variety of factors including those discussed in the section entitled "Risk Factors" in this report. As of the date of issuance of these consolidated financial statements, the extent to which the current macroeconomic environment may materially impact the Company's financial condition, liquidity, or results of operations remains uncertain.

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”).The consolidated financial statements include the Company's accounts, as well as those of the Company's wholly-owned international subsidiaries. All inter-company accounts and transactions have been eliminated.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Significant accounting estimates and management judgments reflected in the consolidated financial statements primarily includes the fair value of performance-based restricted stock unit awards. Estimates are based on historical experience, where applicable and other assumptions believed to be reasonable by the management. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Reclassification of prior year presentation

Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified for consistency with the current year presentation. These reclassifications are limited to the consolidated statements of cash flows and have no effect on the reported results of operations.

Segments

The Company's chief operating decision makers are the Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) and Chief Financial Officer (“CFO”). The CEO and the CFO review financial information presented on a consolidated basis, accompanied by information about revenue by geographic region, for purposes of evaluating financial performance. The Company has one business activity and there are no segment

SI-BONE, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

managers who are held accountable for operations, operating results or plans for levels or components below the consolidated unit level. Accordingly, the Company has determined that it has a single reportable and operating segment structure.

The Company derives substantially all of its revenue from sales to customers in the United States Revenue by geography is based on billing address of the customer. International revenue accounted for less than 10% of the total revenue during the periods presented. Long-lived assets held outside the United States are immaterial. Following table summarizes the Company's revenue by geography:

Year Ended December 31,

(in thousands)

Foreign Currency

The Company’s foreign subsidiaries use local currency as their functional currency. Assets and liabilities are translated at exchange rates prevailing at the balance sheet dates. Revenue, costs and expenses are translated into U.S. dollars using average exchange rates for the period. Gains and losses from foreign currency translation are recorded as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). Gains and losses from foreign currency transactions are recognized as a component of other income (expense), net.

Concentration of Credit Risk

Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to a concentration of credit risk consist of cash and marketable securities. The Company’s cash and marketable securities are deposited with financial institutions in the United States and in Europe. The majority of the Company’s cash and marketable securities are deposited with a single financial institution in the United States Deposits in this institution exceed the amount of insurance provided on such deposits. The Company has not experienced any net losses on its deposits of cash and marketable securities.

The Company’s revenue and accounts receivable are spread across a large number of customers, primarily in the United States, and no customer accounts for more than 10% of total revenue or gross accounts receivable in any period presented.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Carrying amounts of certain of the Company’s financial instruments, including cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable, and accrued liabilities, approximate fair value due to their relatively short maturities and market interest rates, if applicable. The Company's marketable securities are classified as Level 1 or Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy as defined below. The carrying value of the Company’s long-term debt also approximates fair value based on management’s estimation that a current interest rate would not differ materially from the stated rate.

The Company discloses and recognizes the fair value of its assets and liabilities using a hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value. Fair value is an exit price, representing the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. As such, fair value is a market-based measurement that should be determined based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability. As a basis for considering such assumptions, a three-tier value hierarchy has been established, which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value as follows:

Level 1: Quoted prices (unadjusted) in active market that are accessible at measurement date for assets or liabilities. The fair value hierarchy gives the highest priority to Level 1 inputs.

Level 2: Observable prices that are based on inputs not quoted on active markets, but corroborated by market data.

Level 3: Unobservable inputs are used when little or no market data is available. The fair value hierarchy gives the lowest priority to Level 3 inputs.

Assets and liabilities measured at fair value are classified in their entirety based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The Company’s assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement in its entirety requires management to make judgments and considers factors specific to the asset or liability.

SI-BONE, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Cash and Cash Equivalents

The Company considers all highly liquid investments with remaining maturities at the date of purchase of three months or less to be cash equivalents.

Marketable Securities

The Company's marketable securities primarily consist of investments in money market funds, U.S. treasury securities, U.S. agency bonds, corporate bonds and commercial paper. All of the Company's marketable securities are available-for-sale debt securities and are classified based on their maturities. Marketable securities with remaining maturities at the date of purchase of three months or less are classified as cash equivalents. Short term investments are securities that original or remaining maturity is greater than three months and not more than twelve months. Long-term investments are securities that original or remaining maturity is more than twelve months. All marketable securities are recorded at their estimated fair value. When the fair value of a security is below its amortized cost, the amortized cost will be reduced to its fair value if it is more likely than not that the Company will be required to sell the potentially impaired security before recovery of its amortized cost basis, or the Company has the intention to sell the security. If neither of these conditions are met, the Company determines whether the impairment is due to credit losses by comparing the present value of the expected cash flows of the security with its amortized cost basis. The amount of impairment recognized is limited to the excess of the amortized cost over the fair value of the security. An allowance for credit losses for the excess of amortized cost over the expected cash flows is recorded in other income, net in the consolidated statements of operations. Impairment losses that are not credit-related are included in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) in stockholders’ equity.

Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Credit Losses

Trade accounts receivable are recorded at the invoiced amount, net of allowances for credit losses for any potential uncollectible amounts. The allowance for credit losses is based on our assessment of the collectability of accounts. Management regularly reviews the adequacy of the allowance for credit losses on a collective basis by considering the age of each outstanding invoice, each customer’s expected ability to pay and collection history, current market conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts of future economic conditions to determine whether the allowance is appropriate. Accounts receivable are written-off and charged against an allowance for credit losses when the Company has exhausted collection efforts without success.

The movement in the allowance for credit losses was as follows:

Year ended December 31,

(in thousands)

Balance at beginning of year $ 400 $ 264

Balance at end of year $ 1,118 $ 400

Inventory

Inventory is stated at lower of cost or net realizable value. The Company establishes the inventory basis by determining the cost based on standard costs approximating the purchase costs on a first-in, first-out basis. The excess and obsolete inventory is estimated based on future demand and market conditions. Inventory write-downs are charged to cost of goods sold.

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization. All property and equipment is depreciated on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of the assets, which are as follows:

Computer and office equipment 3 – 5 years

Instrument trays 3 years

Machinery and equipment 3 – 5 years

Furniture and fixtures 7 years

Construction in progress includes assets that have not yet been placed into service including the cost of individual components of an instrument tray. Once an instrument tray is placed into service, the Company transfers its carrying value into surgical equipment

SI-BONE, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

and instrument trays and begins depreciating the cost of the instrument tray over its useful life. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the lesser of their useful lives or the life of the lease. Upon the sale or retirement of these assets, the cost and related accumulated depreciation are removed from the consolidated balance sheet and the resulting gain or loss is recognized in the consolidated statement of operations. Maintenance and repairs are charged to operations as incurred.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

The Company reviews long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the assets (or asset group) may not be fully recoverable. Whenever events or changes in circumstances suggest that the carrying amount of long-lived assets may not be recoverable, the Company estimates the future cash flows expected to be generated by the assets (or asset group) from its use or eventual disposition. If the sum of the expected future cash flows is less than the carrying amount of those assets, the Company recognizes an impairment loss based on the excess of the carrying amount over the fair value of the assets. Significant management judgment is required in the grouping of long-lived assets and forecasts of future operating results that are used in the discounted cash flow method of valuation. For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company has not experienced impairment losses on its long-lived assets.

Leases

The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception. The classification of leases is evaluated at commencement and, as necessary, at modification. Operating leases are included in operating lease right-of-use assets and operating lease liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets. The Company does not have any material finance leases in any of the periods presented.

Under Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2016-02, Leases Topic 842 ("Topic 842"), operating lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. Variable lease payments are recognized as operating expenses in the period in which the obligation for those payments is incurred. Variable lease payments primarily include common area maintenance, utilities, real estate taxes and other operating costs that are passed on from the lessor in proportion to the space leased by the Company. The lease term represents the non-cancelable period of the lease. For certain leases, the Company has an option to extend the lease term. These renewal options are not considered in the remaining lease term unless it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise such options.

The Company elected certain practical expedients under Topic 842 which are: (i) to not record leases with an initial term of twelve months or less on the balance sheet; (ii) to combine the lease and non-lease components in determining the lease liabilities and right-of-use assets, and (iii) to carry forward prior conclusions about lease identification and classification. The Company’s lease contracts do not provide an implicit borrowing rate; hence the Company determined the incremental borrowing rate based on information available at lease commencement to determine the present value of lease liability. The Company determines its incremental borrowing rate based on the rate of interest that the Company would have to pay to borrow on a collateralized basis over a similar term, an amount equal to the lease payments in a similar economic environment. The Company uses its headquarters in the United States ("parent entity")’s incremental borrowing rates as the treasury operations are managed centrally by the parent entity.

Revenue Recognition

The Company’s revenue is derived from the sale of its products to medical groups and hospitals through its direct sales force and third-party sales agents and resellers throughout the United States and Europe. The Company receives payment for its implants consumed during the surgery and does not receive additional or separate consideration for the use of the instrument tray furnished by the Company for the physicians’s use. The Company identifies the instrument trays as a lease component and the implants as a non-lease component in its arrangements with its customers. The Company determines that the non-lease component is qualitatively predominant, and as such, elected the practical expedient to not separate the lease and non-lease components. Therefore, the overall arrangement is accounted for under Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASC 606”).

In accordance with ASC 606, the Company recognizes revenue when control is transferred to the customer, in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to be entitled to in exchange for the goods or services. Under the revenue recognition standard, the Company applies the following five step approach: (1) identify the contract with a customer, (2) identify the performance obligations in the contract, (3) determine the transaction price, (4) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract, and (5) recognize revenue when a performance obligation is satisfied. As it relates to product sales where the Company's sales representative delivers the product at the point of implantation at the hospital or medical facilities, the Company continues to recognize the revenue upon completion of the procedure and authorization by the customer, net of rebates and price discounts. This represents the majority of the Company's consolidated revenue. The Company also generates a small portion of revenue from the sale of products through third-party sales agents and to certain hospital or medical facilities where the products are ordered in advance of a procedure. The performance obligation is the delivery of the products and therefore, revenue is recognized upon shipment to the customers, net of rebates and price discounts. The Company accounts for rebates and price discounts as a reduction to revenue,

SI-BONE, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

calculated based on the terms agreed to with the customer. Sales prices are specified in either the customer contract or agreed price list, which is executed prior to the transfer of control to the customer. For certain hospitals and medical facilities, the Company has agreements in place consists of either a master services agreement or an agreed price list, which defines the terms and conditions of the arrangement, including the pricing information, payment terms and pertinent aspects of the relationship between the parties. The Company also has agreements in place with its third-party sales agents, which include standard terms that do not allow for payment contingent on resale of the product, obtaining financing, or other terms that could impact the distributor’s payment obligation. The Company's standard payment terms are generally net 30 to 90 days.

Shipping and Handling Costs

Shipping and handling costs are treated as fulfillment costs, which are expensed as incurred and are included in cost of goods sold.

Costs to Obtain Customer Contracts

Sales commissions and related expenses are considered incremental and recoverable costs of acquiring customer contracts. The Company’s sales commissions paid to its sales representatives are generally based on the surgeries performed. The Company applied the practical expedient that permits an entity to expense the cost to obtain a contract as incurred when the expected amortization is one year or less. The period of benefit is concurrent with when the Company recognizes its revenue and as such, the Company recognizes sales commissions as expense when incurred.

Warranty

The Company has a warranty program that provides a purchaser a one-time replacement of any iFuse implant at no additional cost for a revision procedure within a one-year period following the original procedure and is accounted for as a warranty accrual. The Company also provides a purchaser with a one-time credit equal to the purchase price paid for use on future purchases for any revision procedure within the one-year period following an original procedure where an implant is not required. The warranty is not priced or sold separately and is intended to safeguard the customer against defects and it does not provide incremental service to the customer. As such, it is considered an assurance type warranty and is not accounted as a service type warranty, which could represent a separate performance obligation. The Company accounts for these one-time credits as sales reserves and is included in accrued liabilities and other in the consolidated balance sheets. Sales and warranty reserves from the warranty program were immaterial as of December 31, 2023 and 2022.

Research and Development

Research and development costs are charged to operations as incurred and consist of costs incurred by the Company for the development of the Company’s product which primarily include: (1) employee-related expenses, including salaries, benefits, travel and stock-based compensation expense; (2) external research and development expenses; and (3) other expenses, which include direct and allocated expenses for facilities and other costs.

Advertising Expenditures

The cost of advertising is expensed as incurred and is included under sales and marketing expense in the consolidated statements of operations. Advertising expenses were $1.1 million and $1.6 million for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Loss Contingency

The Company is subject to various potential loss contingencies arising in the ordinary course of business. From time to time, the Company may be involved in certain proceedings, legal actions and claims. Such matters are subject to many uncertainties, and the outcomes of these matters are not within the Company's control and may not be known for prolonged periods of time. In some actions, the claimants may seek damages, as well as other relief, including injunctions which may prohibit the Company to engage in certain activities, which, if granted, could require significant expenditures and/or result in lost revenues. The Company records a liability in the consolidated financial statements when a loss is known or considered probable and the amount can be reasonably estimated. If the reasonable estimate of a known or probable loss is a range, and no amount within the range is a better estimate than any other, the minimum amount of the range is accrued. If a loss is reasonably possible but not known or probable, and can be reasonably estimated, the estimated loss or range of loss is disclosed. In most cases, significant judgment is required to estimate the amount and timing of a loss to be recorded.

Stock-Based Compensation

SI-BONE, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

The Company applies the fair value recognition provisions of stock-based compensation. Stock-based compensation expense is recognized over the requisite service period using the straight-line method and is based on the value of the portion of stock-based payment awards that is ultimately expected to vest. As such, the Company’s stock-based compensation is reduced for the estimated forfeitures at the date of grant and revised, if necessary, in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from those estimates. The Company uses historical data to estimate pre-vesting forfeitures and record stock-based compensation expense only for those awards that are expected to vest. To the extent actual forfeitures differ from the estimates, the difference will be recorded as a cumulative adjustment in the period that the estimates are revised.

The Company estimates the grant date fair value of stock options using the Black-Scholes option valuation model. The model requires management to make a number of assumptions including expected volatility, expected term, risk-free interest rate and expected dividends. A number of these assumptions are subjective, and their determination generally require judgment.

•Expected Term - The expected term represents the period that the share-based awards are expected to be outstanding. The Company uses the simplified method to determine the expected term as permitted by the guidance. The simplified method is calculated as the average of the time to vesting and the contractual life of the options.

•Expected Volatility - The expected volatility is measured using the historical daily changes in the market price of the Company's common stock over a period consistent with the expected term.

•Risk-Free Interest Rate - The risk-free interest rate is based on the U.S. Treasury zero coupon issued in effect at the time of grant for periods corresponding with the expected term of the option.

•Dividend Yield - The Company has not paid any dividends and has no current plans to pay dividends on its common stock. As such, the Company uses expected dividend yield of zero.

The fair value of the restricted stock unit (“RSU”) grant is based on the market price of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant.

The Company grants restricted stock unit awards subject to market and service vesting conditions to certain executive officers. This type of grant consists of the right to receive shares of common stock, subject to achievement of time-based criteria and certain market-related performance goals over a specified period, as established by the Compensation Committee of the Company’s Board of Directors. For these awards that are subject to market-related performance, the fair value is determined based on the number of shares granted and a Monte Carlo valuation model, which incorporates the probability of the achievement of the market-related performance goals as part of the grant date fair value. If such performance goals are not ultimately met, the expense is not reversed. Stock-based compensation expense is recognized ratably over the requisite service period.

In the event the underlying terms of stock awards are modified on which stock-based compensation was granted, additional expense is recognized for any modification that increases the total fair value of the share-based payment arrangement at the modification date.

Income Taxes

The Company accounts for income taxes under the asset and liability method, whereby deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the difference between the financial statement and tax bases of assets and liabilities using the enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to affect taxable income. A valuation allowance is established when necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to the amounts expected to be realized.

The Company recognizes uncertain tax positions when it meets a more-likely-than-not threshold. The Company recognizes potential accrued interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits as income tax expense.

Net Loss per Share of Common Stock

Basic net loss per common share is calculated by dividing the net loss by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period, without consideration for potentially dilutive securities. Diluted net loss per share is computed by dividing the net loss by the weighted-average number of common shares and potentially dilutive securities outstanding for the period. For purposes of the diluted net loss per share calculation, common stock options, restricted stock units, ESPP purchase rights and warrants are considered to be potentially dilutive securities. Because the Company has reported a net loss in all periods presented, common stock options, restricted stock units, ESPP purchase rights and warrants are anti-dilutive and therefore diluted net loss per common share is the same as basic net loss per common share for those periods.

SI-BONE, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Comprehensive Loss

Comprehensive loss represents changes in the stockholders’ equity except those resulting from distributions to stockholders. The Company’s unrealized foreign currency translation income (losses) and unrealized gains (losses) on marketable securities represent the two components of other comprehensive income that are excluded from the reported net loss for each of the reporting periods and has been presented in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

Warrants

The Company accounts for warrants for shares of common stock as equity in accordance with the accounting guidance for derivatives. The accounting guidance provides a scope exception from classifying and measuring as a financial liability a contract that would otherwise meet the definition of a derivative if the contract is both (i) indexed to the entity’s own stock and (ii) classified in the stockholders’ equity section of the consolidated balance sheet. The Company determined that the warrants for shares of common stock issued in connection with its prior debt arrangements are required to be classified in equity. Warrants classified as equity are recorded as additional paid-in capital on the consolidated balance sheet and no further adjustments to their valuation are made.

Recently Issued Accounting Standards Not Yet Adopted

In October 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued ASU 2023-06, Disclosure Agreements - Codification Amendments in Response to the SEC’s Disclosure Update and Simplification Initiative ("ASU 2023-06"). This amendment will impact various disclosure areas, including the statement of cash flows, accounting changes and error corrections, earnings per share, debt, equity, derivatives, and transfers of financial assets. The amendments in this ASU 2023-06 will be effective on the date the related disclosures are removed from Regulation S-X or Regulation S-K by the SEC, and will no longer be effective if the SEC has not removed the applicable disclosure requirement by June 30, 2027. Early adoption is prohibited. The Company is currently evaluating the impacts of the amendment on its disclosures.

In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures. ASU 2023-07 requires companies with a single reportable segment to provide all existing segment disclosures, as well as requires incremental segment information to be disclosed. The guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023 on a retrospective basis, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the guidance to determine the impact on its disclosures.

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures ("ASU 2023-09"). ASU 2023-09 requires public business entities to disclose additional information in specified categories with respect to the reconciliation of the effective tax rate to the statutory rate (the rate reconciliation) for federal, state, and foreign income taxes. It also requires greater detail about individual reconciling items in the rate reconciliation to the extent the impact of those items exceeds a specified threshold. ASU 2023-09 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, and for interim periods for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2025. The Company is currently evaluating the impacts of ASU 2023-09 on its disclosures.

SI-BONE, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

3. Marketable Securities

All of the Company's marketable securities were available-for-sale debt securities and were classified based on their maturities. Marketable securities with remaining maturities at the date of purchase of three months or less are classified as cash equivalents. Short-term investments are securities that original maturity or remaining maturity is greater than three months and not more than twelve months. Long-term investments are securities for which the original maturity or remaining maturity is greater than twelve months.

The table below summarizes the marketable securities:

Amortized Cost Unrealized Gains Unrealized Losses Aggregate Fair Value

(in thousands)

Amortized Cost Unrealized Gains Unrealized Losses Aggregate Fair Value

(in thousands)

Money market funds $ 8,002 $ — $ — $ 8,002

The amortized cost of the Company's available-for-sale securities approximates their fair value. Unrealized losses are generally due to interest rate fluctuations, as opposed to credit quality. However, the Company reviews individual securities that are in an unrealized loss position in order to evaluate whether or not they have experienced or are expected to experience credit losses. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, unrealized gains and losses from the investments were not material and were not the result of a decline in credit quality. As a result, the Company did not recognize any credit losses related to its investments and that all unrealized gains and losses on available-for-sale securities are recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) on the consolidated balance sheets during the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022.

The Company elected to present accrued interest receivable separately from short-term and long-term investments on its consolidated balance sheets. Accrued interest receivable was $0.2 million as of December 31, 2023, and was recorded in prepaid expenses and other current assets. The Company also elected to exclude accrued interest receivable from the estimation of expected credit losses on its marketable securities and reverse accrued interest receivable through interest income (expense) when amounts are determined to be uncollectible. The Company did not write off any accrued interest receivable during the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022.

SI-BONE, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

4. Fair Value Measurement

Carrying amounts of certain of the Company’s financial instruments, including cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued liabilities, approximate fair value due to their relatively short maturities and market interest rates, if applicable. The carrying value of the Company’s long-term debt also approximates fair value based on management’s estimation that a current interest rate would not differ materially from the stated rate. There were no other financial assets and liabilities that requires fair value hierarchy measurements and disclosures for the periods presented.

The table below summarizes the fair value of the Company’s marketable securities measured at fair value on a recurring basis based on the three-tier fair value hierarchy:

Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total

(in thousands)

Marketable securities

Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total

(in thousands)

Marketable securities

Money market funds $ 8,002 $ — $ — $ 8,002

5. Balance Sheet Components

Inventory

As of December 31, 2023, inventory consisted of finished goods of $18.8 million and work-in-progress and components of $1.4 million. As of December 31, 2022, inventory consisted of finished goods of $15.6 million and work-in-progress and components of $1.7 million.

SI-BONE, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Property and Equipment, net:

(in thousands)

Computer and office equipment 1,856 976

Less: Accumulated depreciation and amortization (15,246) (10,207)

As of December 31, 2023, construction in progress pertains to cost of individual components of a custom instrument set used for surgical placement of the Company's products that have not yet been placed into service of $3.5 million and software costs of $0.4 million. Depreciation expense was $5.4 million and $3.4 million for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Accrued Liabilities and Other:

(in thousands)

Accrued compensation and related expenses $ 13,464 $ 11,365

Accrued professional services 929 355

6. Commitments and Contingencies

Operating Leases

The Company has a non-cancelable operating lease for an office building space, located in Santa Clara, California which expires in May 2025 and a building used for research and development and warehouse space in Santa Clara, California which expires in October 2026. The Company also has a non-cancelable operating lease for its office building spaces in Gallarate, Italy which expires in August 2027.

The Company also leases vehicles under operating lease arrangements for certain of its personnel in Europe which expire at various times throughout 2022 to 2026.

Supplemental information related to lease expense and valuation of the lease assets and lease liabilities are as follows:

SI-BONE, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(in thousands)

Weighted average remaining lease term (in years) 2.20 3.05

Weighted average discount rate 5.87% 5.77%

Future minimum lease payments under non-cancelable operating leases as of December 31, 2023 was as follows:

Year Ending December 31, (in thousands)

Thereafter —

Total operating lease payments $ 3,118

Less: imputed interest (191)

Total operating lease liabilities $ 2,927

As of December 31, 2023, the Company had no operating lease liabilities that had not commenced.

Purchase Commitments and Obligations

The Company has certain purchase commitments related to its inventory management with certain manufacturing suppliers wherein the Company is required to purchase the amounts forecasted in a blanket purchase order. The contractual obligations represent future cash commitments and liabilities under agreements with third parties and exclude orders for goods and services entered into in the normal course of business that are not enforceable or legally binding. These outstanding commitments amounted to $0.4 million and $0.8 million as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Indemnification

The Company enters into standard indemnification arrangements in the ordinary course of business. Pursuant to these arrangements, the Company indemnifies, holds harmless, and agrees to reimburse the indemnified parties for losses suffered or incurred by the indemnified party, in connection with any trade secret, copyright, patent or other intellectual property infringement claim by any third-party with respect to the Company’s technology. The term of these indemnification agreements is generally perpetual. The maximum potential amount of future payments the Company could be required to make under these agreements is not determinable because it involves claims that may be made against the Company in the future, but have not yet been made.

The Company has entered into indemnification agreements with its directors and officers that may require the Company to indemnify its directors and officers against liabilities that may arise by reason of their status or service as directors or officers, other than liabilities arising from willful misconduct of the individual.

The Company has not incurred costs to defend lawsuits or settle claims related to these indemnification agreements. No liability associated with such indemnifications has been recorded to date.

SI-BONE, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Legal Contingencies

From time to time, the Company may become involved in legal proceedings arising in the ordinary course of its business. The Company is not presently a party to any material legal proceedings that, if determined adversely to the Company, would have a material adverse effect on the Company.

7. Borrowings

Term Loan

The following table summarizes the outstanding borrowings from the term loan as of the periods presented:

(in thousands)

Principal outstanding and final fee $ 36,720 $ 35,700

Less: Unamortized debt issuance costs (81) (73)

Unaccreted value of final fee (574) (456)

Classified as:

The outstanding debt is related to a term loan pursuant to the Loan and Security Agreement dated August 12, 2021 entered into by the Company with Silicon Valley Bank (“SVB”). Pursuant the agreement, SVB provided a term loan in the aggregate principal amount of $35.0 million to the Company (the “Original Term Loan”).

On January 6, 2023, the Company entered into a First Amendment to Loan and Security Agreement (the “Amendment”) with SVB, which amended the Company's Original Term Loan pursuant to which the Company had a new term loan facility in an aggregate principal amount of $35.0 million (the “Original Loan Agreement” and with the Amendment, collectively the “Amended Loan Agreement”). Upon entry into the Amended Loan Agreement, the Company borrowed $36.0 million pursuant to a term loan (the "Term Loan"), which was substantially used to repay in full the $35.0 million term loan facility outstanding under the Original Loan Agreement and secured a revolving credit facility in an aggregate principal amount of up to $15.0 million (the “Revolving Line”). On March 14, 2023 all of SVB’s assets and liabilities, including all of SVB’s rights as the lender pursuant to the Amended Loan Agreement, were assigned to Silicon Valley Bridge Bank.On March 27, 2023, all of Silicon Valley Bridge Bank’s assets and liabilities were assigned and assumed by First-Citizens Bank & Trust Company (“First-Citizens”). The Amended Loan Agreement also includes an uncommitted accordion term loan in an aggregate principal amount of up to $15.0 million, which accordion may be approved by First-Citizens solely in its discretion, upon the Company’s request. The Term Loan matures on December 1, 2027 (the “Term Loan Maturity Date”). Interest on the Term Loan will be payable monthly at a floating annual rate set at the greater of the prime rate as published in the Wall Street Journal plus 0.5% or 6.75%. Commencing on July 1, 2025, the Company will be required to make monthly principal Term Loan amortization payments. A final fee payment of 2% of the original principal amount of the Term Loan is due upon the earlier of the Term Loan Maturity Date, termination, acceleration by First-Citizens following an event of default, or prepayment of the Term Loan. The Company may elect to prepay the Term Loan in whole prior to the Term Loan Maturity Date subject to a prepayment fee equal to 2% of the principal amount of the Term Loan prepaid at such time. No prepayment fee would be due if the Term Loan is refinanced by First-Citizens. Pursuant to the terms of the Amended Loan Agreement, revolving loans may be borrowed, repaid and reborrowed until the maturity date, which will be July 6, 2025 (the “Revolving Line Maturity Date”). Borrowings under the Revolving Line are based on 80% of eligible domestic accounts receivable borrowing base. Interest on the outstanding balance of the Revolving Line will be payable monthly at a floating annual rate set at the greater of the prime rate as published in the Wall Street Journal or 6.25%. Interest on borrowings is due monthly and any principal balance is due on the Revolving Line Maturity Date, provided that when Revolving Line Advances are outstanding, in the event the Company does not maintain an adjusted quick ratio of at least 1.5 to 1.0, then falling below such threshold will allow First-Citizens to apply accounts receivable collections to outstanding Revolving Line borrowings. The Company will pay a total commitment fee of $187,500 on account of the Revolving Line payable in installments, but fully earned at close. The Company will also be required to pay a fee of $150,000 if it terminates the Amended Loan Agreement or Revolving Line prior to Revolving Line Maturity Date, or if First-Citizens terminates the Loan Agreement or the Revolving Line following an event of default. No termination fee would be due if the Revolving Line is replaced with a new facility with First-Citizens. No amounts were outstanding under the Revolving Line as of December 31, 2023.

The Company accounted for the Amended Loan Agreement as a debt modification. Accordingly, the remaining unamortized debt issuance costs related to the Original Loan Agreement together with any lender fees incurred in connection with the entry of the

SI-BONE, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Amended Loan Agreement are amortized to interest expense using the straight-line method over the new term of the loan through December 2027.

The effective interest rate related to the First-Citizens Term Loan for the the years ended December 31, 2023 was 9.0%. The effective interest rate related to the Original Term Loan was 7.8% for the year ended December 31, 2022.

The table below summarizes the future principal and final fee payments under the Term Loan as of December 31, 2023:

Year ending December 31, (in thousands)

Total principal and final fee payments $ 36,720

The Term Loan includes affirmative and negative covenants applicable to the Company and certain of its foreign subsidiaries. The affirmative covenants include, among others, covenants requiring the Company to maintain its legal existence and governmental compliance, deliver certain financial reports, and maintain insurance coverage. The negative covenants include, among others, restrictions regarding transferring collateral, pledging the Company's intellectual property to other parties, engaging in mergers or acquisitions, paying dividends or making other distributions, incurring indebtedness, transacting with affiliates, and entering into certain investments, in each case subject to certain exceptions. As of December 31, 2023, the Company was in compliance with all debt covenants.

In January 2023, the Company's outstanding amount under the Original Term Loan was refinanced on a long-term basis and was accordingly classified as term note, non-current as of December 31, 2022.

8. Warrants

During the three months ended June 30, 2023, a warrant holder exercised warrants, and the Company issued 22,603 net shares of common stock through a cashless exercise of the warrants in accordance with the conversion terms. The table below summarizes common stock warrants issued and outstanding at December 31, 2023 and 2022:

Issuance Expiration

9. Common and Preferred Stock

The Company's certificate of incorporation as amended and restated in October 2018, authorizes the Company to issue 100,000,000 shares of common stock and 5,000,000 shares of preferred stock, each having a par value of $0.0001. Common stock issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 were 40,693,299 shares and 34,731,577 shares, respectively. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, there was no preferred stock issued and outstanding.

The holders of common stock are entitled to receive dividends whenever funds are legally available, as, when, and if declared by the Board of Directors. There have been no dividends declared to date.

10. Stock-Based Compensation

SI-BONE, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

2008 Stock Option Plan and 2018 Equity Incentive Plan

In April 2008, the Company adopted the 2008 Stock Option Plan (the “2008 SOP”), as amended, under which the Board of Directors may issue incentive and non-qualified stock options to employees, directors and consultants. In October 2018, the Company adopted the 2018 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2018 EIP”), which serves as the successor to the 2008 SOP, under which the Board of Directors may issue incentive and non-qualified stock options, RSUs and PSUs to employees, directors and consultants. No new options have been granted under the 2008 SOP since August 2018. Outstanding options under the 2008 SOP continue to be subject to the terms and conditions of that plan.

The number of shares of common stock reserved for issuance under the 2018 EIP will automatically increase on January 1 of each year, beginning January 1, 2019, and continuing through and including January 1, 2028, by 5% of the total number of shares of the Company's capital stock outstanding on December 31 of the preceding calendar year, or a lesser number of shares determined by the Company's Board of Directors. As of December 31, 2023, a total of 4,454,432 shares of common stock are available for future grants under the 2018 EIP. On January 1, 2024, the total number of shares of common stock reserved for issuance under the 2018 EIP automatically increased by 2,034,664 shares.

The Board of Directors has the authority to determine to whom options will be granted, the number of shares, the term and the exercise price. If an individual owns stock representing more than 10% of the outstanding shares, the price of each share shall be at least 110% of the fair market value, as determined by the Board of Directors. The exercise price of an incentive stock option and a non-qualified stock option shall not be less than 100% and 85%, respectively, of the fair market value on the date of grant.

Options granted have a term of 10 years, except, options granted to individuals holding more than 10% of the outstanding shares have a term of five years. Options generally vest over a four-year period. RSUs granted under the 2018 EIP generally vest over two to four years based upon continued services and are settled at vesting in shares of the Company's common stock.

Stock Options

The following table summarizes stock option activity for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022:

Options Outstanding

The aggregate intrinsic value of options exercised during the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 amounted to $11.7 million and $1.0 million, respectively, representing the difference between the fair value of the Company's common stock at the date of exercise and the exercise price paid. The aggregate intrinsic values of options outstanding, options vested and exercisable, and options vested and expected to vest as of December 31, 2023 represents the difference between the exercise price and the closing price of the Company’s common stock on the last trading day of the year.

Outstanding options and exercisable options information by range of exercise prices as of December 31, 2023 was as follows:

SI-BONE, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Exercise Price Options Outstanding Options Vested and Exercisable

There were no stock options granted during the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022.

As of December 31, 2023, there is no unrecognized compensation cost related to stock options.

Restricted Stock Units

Restricted stock units (“RSUs”) are share awards that entitle the holder to receive freely tradable shares of the Company’s common stock upon vesting. RSUs generally vest over two to four years based upon continued services and are settled at vesting in shares of the Company's common stock. The grant date fair value of the RSUs is equal to the closing price of the Company’s common stock on the grant date.

The Company has granted performance-based restricted stock unit awards subject to market and service vesting conditions to certain executive officers under SI-BONE's 2018 Equity Incentive Plan (“PSUs”). The shares subject to the PSUs vest over a three-year performance period. The actual number of PSUs that will vest in each measurement period will be determined by the Compensation Committee based on the Company’s total shareholder return (“TSR”) relative to the TSR of the Median Peer Companies (as defined in the award agreement). The grant date fair value of each stock award with a market condition was determined using the Monte Carlo valuation model. The table below summarizes the assumptions used to estimate the grant date fair value of the PSUs granted:

Year Ended December 31,

Expected volatility of common stock 58.0% to 73.0% 48.9% to 58.7%

Correlation coefficient of peer companies (0.15) to 1.00 (0.13) to 1.00

Risk-free interest rate 3.9% to 5.0% 0.4% to 1.2%

Dividend yield —% to 1.3% —% to 1.0%

The following table summarizes RSU and PSU activity for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022:

SI-BONE, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

RSUs PSUs

As of December 31, 2023, the unrecognized compensation cost related to the RSUs was $30.2 million, which is expected to be recognized over a period of approximately 2.3 years. As of December 31, 2023, the unrecognized compensation cost related to the PSUs was $2.2 million, which is expected to be recognized over a period of approximately 1.8 years.

Employee Stock Purchase Plan

The Company’s 2018 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the “ESPP”) allows eligible employees to purchase shares of the Company's common stock through payroll deductions at the price equal to 85% of the lesser of the fair market value of the stock as of the first date or the ending date of each six month offering period. The offering period generally commences in May and November. On March 26, 2020, the Company's Compensation Committee approved the amendment of the terms of future offerings under the ESPP which, among other things, increased the maximum number of shares that may be purchased on any single purchase date and provided for automatic enrollment in a new offering.

As of December 31, 2023, a total of 1,218,576 shares of common stock are available for future grants under the ESPP. On January 1, 2024, the total number of shares of common stock reserved for issuance under the ESPP Plan increased by 406,932 shares.

The fair value of the ESPP shares is estimated using the Black-Scholes option pricing model, which is being amortized over the requisite service period. The Company issued 178,918 shares and 170,717 shares under the ESPP during the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, representing $2.2 million and $1.8 million in employee contributions. For each of the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, total accumulated ESPP related employee payroll deductions amounted to $0.4 million and $0.3 million, respectively, which were included within accrued compensation and related expenses in the consolidated balance sheets. For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company recognized $1.0 million and $0.7 million, respectively, of stock-based compensation expense related to ESPP. As of December 31, 2023, the unrecognized compensation cost for the ESPP was $0.4 million.

SI-BONE, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

The Company estimated the fair value of ESPP purchase rights during the offering period using a Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following assumptions:

Year Ended December 31,

Expected term (years) 0.5 0.5

Dividend yield —% —%

Stock-Based Compensation

The following table sets forth stock-based compensation expense recognized for the periods presented:

Year Ended December 31,

(in thousands)

11. Employee Benefit Plan

The Company sponsors a 401(k) plan covering all employees. Contributions made by the Company are discretionary and are determined annually by the Board of Directors. Effective January 1, 2019, the Company made a discretionary matching contribution equal to dollar for dollar employee contribution, up to 3% eligible compensation of the employee, with a maximum annual contribution from the Company of one thousand dollars per employee. Further, in order for an employee to receive the matching contribution, the employee must be at least 21 years old, work at least 1,000 hours per year, and must be employed by the Company at the beginning through the end of the year.

12. Net Loss Per Share of Common Stock

The following table summarizes the computation of basic and diluted net loss per share:

Year Ended December 31,

(in thousands, except share and per share data)

Net loss per share, basic and diluted $ (1.13) $ (1.79)

SI-BONE, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Because the Company has reported a net loss in all periods presented, outstanding stock options, restricted stock units, ESPP purchase rights and common stock warrants are anti-dilutive and therefore diluted net loss per common share is the same as basic net loss per common share for the periods presented. The following anti-dilutive common stock equivalents were excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share for the periods presented:

Year Ended December 31,

13. Income Taxes

The components of the Company’s loss before income taxes are as follows:

Year Ended December 31,

(in thousands)

There was no provision for income taxes recorded for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022. The Company continues to maintain a full valuation allowance against its net deferred tax assets due to the uncertainty surrounding realization of such assets. The Company periodically evaluates the realizability of its net deferred tax assets based on the expected realization and is dependent on the Company's ability to generate sufficient future taxable income during periods prior to the expiration of tax attributes to fully utilize these assets.

SI-BONE, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

The components of deferred income taxes are as follows:

Year Ended December 31,

(in thousands)

Change in deferred tax valuation allowance (12,434) (15,990)

Net deferred income tax $ — $ —

Income tax expense differs from the amount computed by applying the statutory federal income tax rate due to the following:

Year Ended December 31,

Tax at statutory federal rate (21.0) % (21.0) %

State tax, net of federal benefit (4.3) % (4.9) %

Tax credits (1.3) % (0.7) %

Change in deferred tax valuation allowance 28.7 % 26.1 %

Stock compensation (2.8) % 0.3 %

Foreign rate differences (2.1) % 0.1 %

Total income tax expense — % — %

The tax effects of temporary differences and carryforwards that give rise to significant portions of the deferred tax assets are presented below:

Year Ended December 31,

(in thousands)

Research and development credits 5,342 4,464

Depreciation and amortization 474 263

Operating lease liabilities 735 1,079

Capitalized research and development 4,614 2,486

Operating lease right-of-use assets (678) (1,014)

Total deferred tax liabilities (678) (1,014)

Total deferred tax asset, net of valuation allowance $ — $ —

The following table summarizes changes in the valuation allowance for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022:

SI-BONE, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Year Ended December 31,

(in thousands)

As of December 31, 2023, the Company had net operating loss (“NOL”) carryforwards of approximately $331.6 million and $259.6 million available to reduce future taxable income, if any, for federal and state income tax purposes, respectively. If not utilized, the Company’s federal NOL carryforward begins to expire in 2030, and the state NOL carryforward began to expire in 2023.

As of December 31, 2023, the Company had credit carryforwards of approximately $4.6 million and $3.8 million available to reduce future taxable income, if any, for both federal and state income tax purposes, respectively. The federal credits begin to expire in 2029, and the state credits have no expiration date.

The Company updated its Section 382 ownership change analysis through December 31, 2020 and determined that the last ownership change was in February 2020 due to the follow-offering. The analysis concluded that no additional NOL carryforwards will expire due to the Section 382 limitation from the ownership change for both federal and state tax purposes. The Company maintains the reduction of $1.4 million of its NOL carryforwards from the previous ownership change. The Company has reviewed changes in the outstanding number of shares and equity transactions for the period January 1, 2021 through December 31, 2023 to determine if an additional ownership change occurred for Section 382 purposes. The Company reasonably believes no additional ownership change occurred in the current year, however, noted there has been a material increase to the equity shift. The Company will continually assess the need to update its Section 382 ownership change analysis. An ownership change in the future could materially limit the Company’s ability to utilize its NOL carryforwards and other tax attributes.

Under an Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development Inclusive Framework, countries that agreed to enact a two-pillar solution aim to address the challenges arising from the digitalization of the world economy (Pillar Two). Pillar Two sets out a global minimum Effective Tax Rate (ETR) rules to ensure that large multinational businesses with consolidated revenue over €750 million are subject to a minimum ETR of 15% on income arising in low-tax jurisdictions. Rules under Pillar Two are expected to be enacted beginning January 1, 2024. The Company will continue to monitor the impact of Pillar Two; however, the Pillar Two is currently not applicable as the Company does not meet the threshold of having consolidated revenue over €750 million.

The Company accounts for the uncertainty in income taxes by utilizing a comprehensive model for the recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosure in financial statements of any uncertain tax positions that have been taken or are expected to be taken on an income tax return. The changes in the Company’s uncertain income tax positions for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 consisted of the following:

Year ended December 31,

(in thousands)

Balance at beginning of the year $ 2,944 $ 2,655

Increases related to tax positions taken prior to current year (726) $ (12)

Increases related to current year's tax positions 411 301

Balance at end of the year $ 2,629 $ 2,944

The Company has elected to recognize interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions as a component of income tax expense. The Company has no accrued interest related to unrecognized tax benefits as of December 31, 2023 and 2022. None of the Company’s unrecognized tax benefits that, if recognized, would affect its effective tax rates for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022. The Company does not anticipate the total amounts of unrecognized tax benefits will significantly increase or decrease in the next 12 months.

The Company currently has no federal, state or foreign tax examinations in progress nor has it had any federal or state examinations since inception. As a result of the Company’s net operating loss carry forwards, all of its tax years are subject to federal and state tax examinations.

100

SI-BONE, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

14. Related Party Transactions

On February 24, 2020, the Company entered into a joint development agreement (the “Development Agreement”) with SeaSpine Orthopedics Corporation (“SeaSpine”), which recently merged with Orthofix Medical, Inc. ("Orthofix"), to develop a next generation device for sacropelvic fixation. Mr. Keith Valentine, who serves as the President, Chief Executive Officer and a member of the board of directors of SeaSpine, also serves as a member of the Company's Board of Directors since August 2015. On April 27, 2021, Addendum No.1 to the Development Agreement was entered into by and between the Company and SeaSpine to extend certain obligations as described under the Development Agreement to a consultant of the Company. On October 4, 2023, Keith C. Valentine resigned as a member of the Board of Directors of Orthofix. As such, subsequent to October 4, 2023, SeaSpine is no longer a related party of the Company.

Pursuant to the development plan, SeaSpine shall use reasonable efforts to assist in the development of the potential product offering, including licensing certain existing intellectual property to be incorporated into such product. Under the terms of the Development Agreement, the Company agreed to make monthly payments to SeaSpine to reimburse for full time resources employed by SeaSpine responsible to conduct the development activities. For the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company did not incur any reimbursement charges but purchased an immaterial amount of instrument components from Seaspine. For the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company expensed $38,725 of reimbursement charges from SeaSpine. The reimbursement charges were recorded within research and development expense in the consolidated statement of operations.

Certain intellectual property developed pursuant to the project plan will be owned by the Company, certain intellectual property developed pursuant to the project plan will be owned by SeaSpine, and other intellectual property developed pursuant to the project plan will be jointly owned by SeaSpine and the Company. The Company also agreed to provide SeaSpine a royalty-free, worldwide, perpetual, non-exclusive license of certain of the Company's intellectual property incorporated into the product to be developed. The Company also agreed to pay SeaSpine a product royalty, in an amount specified in the Development Agreement, for each resulting product sold for a period of 10 years beginning on the initial market launch. The term of the Development Agreement shall continue until the expiration of all royalty terms, unless earlier terminated by either party, as provided for by the Development Agreement. The Company recorded $0.3 million of royalty for the year ended December 31, 2023. The Company recorded an immaterial amount of royalty for the year ended December 31, 2022.

The outstanding liability to SeaSpine as of December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 was $0.1 million and was recorded within accounts payable and accrued liabilities and other in the consolidated balance sheet.

15. Subsequent Events

On January 25, 2024, the Company entered into a Second Amendment to Loan and Security Agreement (the “Second Amendment”) with SVB which amends the Company's First Amendment. The Second Amendment revised certain provisions related to financial covenants and the periods in which the covenants apply.

On February 23, 2024 the Company entered into a Manufacture and Supply Agreement with RMS Company, for the manufacture and supply of our requirements for iFuse-3D, iFuse-TORQ and components of iFuse Bedrock Granite implants. Pricing is set forth in the agreement through the end of 2026. The agreement has a three year initial term with automatic one-year renewals.

101

Supplementary Data

Selected Quarterly Consolidated Financial Data (Unaudited)

Pursuant to the amendments to Item 302 of Regulation S-K, since we do not have any material retrospective change to the statements of comprehensive income for any of the quarters within the two most recent fiscal years either individually or in the aggregate, we are not required to disclose the quarterly financial data.

Schedule II - Valuation and Qualifying Accounts

All schedules are omitted because they are not applicable, or the required information is shown in the financial statements or notes thereto.

Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure.

None.

Item 9A. Controls and Procedures.

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

We maintain disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the reports that we file or submit under the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934 is (i) recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms and (ii) accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

The effectiveness of any system of internal control over financial reporting, including ours, is subject to inherent limitations, including the exercise of judgment in designing, implementing, operating, and evaluating the controls and procedures, and the inability to eliminate misconduct completely. Accordingly, any system of internal control over financial reporting, including ours, no matter how well designed and operated, can only provide reasonable, not absolute assurances. In addition, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. We intend to continue to monitor and upgrade our internal controls as necessary or appropriate for our business but cannot assure you that such improvements will be sufficient to provide us with effective internal control over financial reporting.

As of December 31, 2023, our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) and our Chief Financial Officer (“CFO”), have evaluated our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a‐15(e) and 15d‐15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended). Based on that evaluation, our CEO and our CFO have concluded that, as of December 31, 2023, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective at the reasonable assurance level.

Management's Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act). Management conducted an assessment of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2023 based on the criteria set forth in "Internal Control-Integrated Framework" (2013 framework) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). Based on this assessment, management has concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2023 based on those criteria. The effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2023 has been audited by our independent registered public accounting firm, PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, as stated in their report, which appears in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting.

SIBN US Equity

SIBN · 10-K · period ended 2023-12-31

Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure.

Item 9A. Controls and Procedures.

SIBN US Equity☆

SIBN · 10-K · period ended 2023-12-31

Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure.

Item 9A. Controls and Procedures.

SIBN US Equity