SEDG · Read the filing

ITEM 1A. Risk Factors

When evaluating our business, you should carefully consider the risks, events and uncertainties described below together with the other information set forth in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. The events and consequences discussed in these risk factors could materially affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and future growth prospects. The risks described below are not the only risks facing our company. Risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently deem to be immaterial also may materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and operating results in the future. Additionally, while some of the factors, events and contingencies described herein may have occurred in the past, the disclosures herein are not representations as to whether or not they have occurred, and are instead provided because future occurrences of such factors, events, or contingencies could have a material adverse effect.

Risk Factors Summary

The following summarizes the principal factors that make an investment in our company speculative or risky. This summary should be read in conjunction with the full risk factors discussed below and should not be relied upon as an exhaustive summary of the material risks facing our business. The order of presentation is not necessarily indicative of the level of risk that each factor poses to us.

We face risks related to our business and our industry, including those related to:

• Our ability to be profitable in the future.

• The cyclicality of the solar industry.

• Defects or performance problems in our products.

• Mergers in the solar industry among our current or potential customers.

• Fluctuations in currency exchange rates.

We face risks related to legal, compliance and regulatory matters, including those related to:

• Changes to net metering policies.

We face risks related to intellectual property, including those related to:

• Our ability to protect our intellectual property and other proprietary rights.

• The impairment of our goodwill or other intangible assets.

We face risks related to our Notes and the ownership of our common stock, including those related to:

• Volatility of our stock price.

• The forum selection clause contained in our certificate of incorporation.

• Our share repurchase program.

Risk Factors

Risks related to Our Business and Our Industry

Our ability to be profitable in the future.

We achieved a net loss of $1,806.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 and net profit of $34.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2023. In 2021, we experienced an increase in revenues and profitability when compared to the same period in 2020. In 2022 our revenues grew when compared to the same period in 2021 while our net profit decreased due to reasons detailed in the Management's Discussion and Analysis Section of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022. Conversely, in the third quarter of 2023, we experienced a slowdown in the demand for our products and during the second part of the third quarter of 2023, we experienced substantial unexpected cancellations and push outs of existing backlog from our European distributors. We continued to experience a slowdown in demand for our products throughout the year ending December 31, 2024. As a result, revenues in 2024 were significantly lower than the Company expected.

In the future, our revenues may not grow at the pace we anticipate, or may decline for a number of reasons, many of which are outside our control, including a decline in demand for our products, increased competition, a decrease in the growth of the solar industry, and business and industry trends including component shortages and supply chain disruptions due to ocean freight capacity, shipping times and port congestions as well as other macroeconomic conditions in our domestic and international markets, inflation concerns, rising interest rates and recessionary concerns, or our failure to continue to capitalize on growth opportunities. If we fail to maintain sufficient revenue to support our operations, we may not be able to sustain profitability.

In addition, we expect to incur additional costs and expenses related to the continued development and expansion of our business, including in connection with recent or future acquisitions as well as ongoing marketing and developing our products, development of our own manufacturing facilities, expanding into new product markets and geographies, maintaining and enhancing our research and development operations and hiring additional personnel. We do not know whether our revenues will grow rapidly enough to absorb these costs, or the extent of these expenses or their impact on the results of our operations.

The rapidly evolving and competitive nature of the solar industry makes it difficult to evaluate our future prospects.

The rapidly evolving and competitive nature of the solar industry makes it difficult to evaluate our current business and future prospects. In addition, we have limited insight into emerging trends that may adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

The viability and demand for our products and services may be affected by many factors beyond our control, including:

• prices of traditional carbon-based energy sources;

A change in tax law, tax treaties, and regulations or the interpretation of them, including the Inflation Reduction Act.

In August 2022, the IRA was signed into federal law. The IRA provides for, among other things, certain incentives, including certain tax credits, intended to promote clean energy. The Company has invested resources in establishing a manufacturing presence in the U.S. to benefit from the incentives available under the IRA, including benefits to installers for the purchase and installation of U.S. manufactured products and incentives for manufacturers of such products domestically. Moreover, we incorporated into our financial planning and agreements with our customers and suppliers certain assumptions regarding the future level of U.S. tax incentives. Any unfavorable regulatory treatment, or guidance, expiration of or changes to the benefits being made available, which we relied upon in structuring certain projects and investments, or any adverse impacts on our ability to ramp up production in the U.S. in a timely manner to benefit from the incentives available under the IRA, could adversely impact our business and financial condition.

As mentioned, the new U.S. Presidential administration entered office on January 20, 2025, and to the extent that tax benefits or credits available under the IRA may be changed through acts of congress by new regulation or new law, our business could be adversely disadvantaged. We continue to monitor the benefits available to us, such as the availability of tax credits for domestic manufacturers.

The loss of key executives, and our ability to retain key personnel and attract additional qualified personnel

On August 26, 2024, the Company's former CEO, Zvi Lando resigned, and the Board of Directors appointed its former CFO, Ronen Faier to the position of interim CEO. In conjunction with this transition, the Board of Directors also appointed Ariel Porat, formerly the Company’s Senior Vice President of Finance, to serve as CFO. On December 31, 2024, Rachel Prishkolnik, our long time VP General Counsel and Corporate Secretary retired from her position and was replaced by our new Chief Legal Officer, Dalia Litay. Executive leadership and senior management transitions, reductions in workforce and employee turnover can be time consuming, difficult to manage, create instability, cause disruption to our business and result in the loss of institutional knowledge, and any of these outcomes could impede the execution of our day-to-day operations and our ability to fully implement our business strategy. These impacts could also make it more difficult to attract and retain talent. The failure to successfully hire and retain key executives and employees or the further loss of any key executives, senior management and employees could have a significant impact on our operations, including declining product identity and competitive differentiation, eroding employee morale and productivity or an inability to maintain internal controls, regulatory or other compliance related requirements, any and all of which could in turn adversely impact our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

Our ability to successfully operate our global operations with a reduced work force

The workforce reductions we are implementing as part of our Restructuring Plans may negatively impact our ability to attract, integrate, retain and motivate highly qualified employees, may harm our reputation with current or prospective employees. may cause disruption to our business and result in the loss of institutional knowledge and may impede the execution of our day-to-day operations and affect our ability to execute our business strategy. Under the Restructuring Plans, the Company reduced its workforce throughout the year ending December 31, 2024, through involuntary workforce reductions in order to better align the Company with current market conditions.

Demand for solar energy solutions fluctuates, and if demand for solar energy solutions does not resume growth or grows at a slower rate than anticipated,or if we are unable to accurately forecast customer demand, our business and results of operations will suffer.

Our revenues are primarily derived from products utilized in solar PV installations. Thus, our future success depends on continued demand for solar energy solutions and the ability of vendors to meet this demand. The solar industry is an evolving industry that has experienced substantial changes in recent years, and we cannot be certain that consumers, businesses, or utilities will adopt solar PV systems as an alternative energy source at levels sufficient to grow our business. If demand for solar energy solutions fails to continue to develop sufficiently, demand for our products and services will decrease, resulting in an adverse impact on our ability to increase our revenue and grow our business.

Additionally, there is fluctuating demand for solar energy solutions and we manufacture our products according to our estimate of future customer demand. We have experienced, and may in the future continue to experience, excess or shortages of product inventory as a result. This process requires us to make multiple forecasts and assumptions relating to the demand of our distributors, their end customers and general market conditions. Because we sell most of our products to distributors, who in turn sell to their end customers, we have limited visibility as to end-customer demand. We depend significantly on our distributors to provide us visibility into their end-customer demand, and we use these forecasts to make our own forecasts and planning decisions. If the information from our distributors turns out to be incorrect or incomplete, then our own forecasts may also be inaccurate. Furthermore, we do not have long-term purchase commitments with most of our distributors or end customers, and our sales are generally made by purchase orders that may be canceled, changed or deferred without notice to us or penalty. As a result, it is difficult to forecast future customer demand to plan our operations.

The cancellation or deferral of product orders, or overproduction due to a change in anticipated order volumes could result in us holding excess or obsolete inventory, which could result in inventory write-downs and, in turn, could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition. For example, in the second part of 2023, the solar industry began to experience a downturn, particularly in Europe, and we experienced substantial unexpected cancellations and push outs of existing backlog from our European distributors. This was a result of operational challenges in the later part of 2022, followed by record level shipments in the first half of 2023, slowing market demand in the third quarter of 2023, and which continued through the year ending December 31, 2024, as distributors began to experience financial challenges. We may have to make significant provisions for inventory write-downs based on events that are currently not known, and such provisions or any adjustments to such provisions could be material. We may also become involved in disputes with our suppliers who may claim that we failed to fulfill forecast or minimum purchase requirements.

Conversely, if we underestimate demand, we may not have sufficient inventory to meet end-customer demand, and we may incur excess costs related to expedited deliveries, lose market share, damage relationships with our distributors and end customers, harm our reputation and forego potential revenue opportunities. Obtaining additional supply in the face of product shortages may be costly or impossible, particularly in light of supply chain disruptions and our outsourced manufacturing processes, which could prevent us from fulfilling orders in a timely and cost-efficient manner or at all. In addition, if we overestimate our production requirements, our contract manufacturers may purchase excess components and build excess inventory. If our contract manufacturers, at our request, purchase excess components that are unique to our products and are unable to recoup the costs of such excess through resale or return or build excess products, we could be required to pay for these excess parts or products and recognize related inventory write-downs.

In addition, we plan our operating expenses, including research and development expenses, hiring needs and inventory investments, in part on our estimates of customer demand and future revenue. If customer demand or revenue for a particular period is lower than we expect, we may not be able to proportionately reduce our fixed operating expenses for that period, which would harm our operating results for that period.

Macroeconomic conditions in our domestic and international markets, as well as inflation concerns, instability of financial institutions, rising interest rates, and recessionary concerns may adversely affect our industry, business and financial results.

Our business depends on the overall demand for our solar energy products and on the economic health and willingness of our customers and potential customers to make capital commitments to purchase our products and services. As a result of macroeconomic or market uncertainty, including inflation concerns, rising interest rates, recessionary concerns, and geopolitical conflicts, customers may decide to delay purchasing our products and services or not purchase at all. In addition, a number of the risks associated with our business, which are disclosed in these risk factors, may increase in likelihood, magnitude or duration, and we may face new risks that we have not yet identified.

In the past, unfavorable macroeconomic and market conditions have resulted in sustained periods of decreased demand. Macroeconomic and market conditions could be adversely affected by a variety of political, economic or other factors in the U.S. and international markets, which could, in turn, adversely affect spending levels of installers and end users and could create volatility or deteriorating conditions in the markets in which we operate. Macroeconomic uncertainty or weakness could result in:

• the introduction of any disadvantageous trade regulations and import tariffs;

• decrease in the popularity of solar energy as a green energy solution;

• increased overhead and production costs as a percentage of revenue.

Reductions in customer spending in response to unfavorable or uncertain macroeconomic and market conditions, globally or in a particular region where we operate, would adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.

A drop in the retail price of electricity derived from the utility grid or from alternative energy sources may harm our business, financial condition, results of operations, and prospects.

Decreases in the retail prices of electricity from the utility grid, or other renewable energy resources, would make the purchase of solar PV systems less economically attractive and would likely lower sales of our products. The price of electricity derived from the utility grid could decrease as a result of:

• utility rate adjustment and customer class cost reallocation;

Moreover, technological developments in the solar components industry could allow our competitors and their customers to offer electricity at costs lower than those that can be offered by us to our customers, which could result in reduced demand for our products. If the cost of electricity generated by solar PV installations incorporating our systems is high relative to the cost of electricity from other sources, our business, financial condition, and results of operations may be harmed.

An increase in interest rates or tightening of the supply of capital in the global financial markets could make it difficult for end-users to finance the cost of a solar PV system and could reduce the demand for smart energy products and thus the demand for our products.

Many end-users depend on financing to fund the initial capital expenditure required to develop, build, or purchase a solar PV system. An increase in interest rates or a reduction in the supply of project debt financing or tax equity investments, could reduce the number of solar projects that receive financing or otherwise make it difficult for our customers or the end-users to secure the financing necessary to develop, build, purchase, or install a solar PV system on favorable terms, or at all, and thus lower demand for our products which could limit our growth or reduce our net sales. In addition, we believe that a significant percentage of end-users install solar PV systems as an investment, funding the initial capital expenditure through financing. An increase in interest rates could lower such end-user’s return on investment on a solar PV system, increase equity return requirements or make alternative investments more attractive relative to solar PV systems, and, in each case, could cause such end-users to seek alternative investments. During 2022 and 2023, record levels of inflation have resulted in significant volatility and disruptions in the global economy. In response to rising inflation, central banks in the markets in which we operate, including the U.S. Federal Reserve and the European Central Bank, have tightened their monetary policies and raised interest rates. Such measures have adversely impacted the demand for our products which may continue if there is a period of sustained heightened inflation.

The market for our products is highly competitive and we expect to face increased competition as new and existing competitors introduce power optimizers, inverters, solar PV system monitoring, batteries and other smart energy products, which could negatively affect our results of operations and market share.

The market for solar PV solutions is highly competitive. We principally compete with traditional inverter manufacturers as well as microinverter manufacturers. Currently, our DC optimized inverter system competes with products from traditional inverter manufacturers, microinverter manufacturers, as well as emerging technology companies offering alternative MLPE products. Over the past few years, several new entrants to the inverter and MLPE market, including low-cost Asian manufacturers, have announced plans to ship or have already shipped products in markets in which we sell our products, including, with respect to sales in the U.S., Australia and in Europe. We expect competition to intensify as new and existing competitors enter the market. In addition, there are several new entrants that are proposing storage batteries as well as solutions to the rapid shutdown functionality which has become a regulatory requirement for PV rooftop solar systems in the U.S. If these new technologies are successful in offering a price competitive and technological attractive solution to the residential solar PV market, this could make it more difficult for us to maintain market share.

Several of our existing and potential competitors have the financial resources or have received certain subsidies in order to offer competitive products at aggressive or below-market pricing levels, which could cause us to lose sales or market share or require us to lower prices for our products in order to compete effectively. Specifically, competition from Chinese state owned or financed companies pose a threat. If we have to reduce our prices by more than we anticipated, or if we are unable to offset any future reductions in our average selling prices by increasing our sales volume, reducing our costs and expenses or introducing new products, our revenues and gross profit would suffer.

In addition, competitors may be able to develop new products more quickly than us, may partner with other competitors to provide combined technologies and competing solutions and may be able to develop products that are more reliable or that provide more functionality than ours.

Developments in alternative technologies or improvements in distributed solar energy generation may have a material adverse effect on demand for our offerings.

Significant developments in alternative technologies, such as advances in other forms of distributed solar PV power generation, storage solutions, such as batteries, the widespread use or adoption of fuel cells for residential or commercial properties or improvements in other forms of centralized power production, may have a material adverse effect on our business and prospects. Any failure by us to adopt new or enhanced technologies or processes, or to react to changes in existing technologies, could result in product obsolescence, the loss of competitiveness of our products, decreased revenue and a loss of market share to competitors.

The solar industry has historically been cyclical and experienced periodic downturns.

Our future success partly depends on continued demand for solar PV systems in the end-markets we serve, including the residential and commercial sectors in the U.S. and Europe. The solar industry has historically been cyclical and has experienced periodic downturns which have affected and may in the future affect demand for our products. The solar industry has undergone challenging business conditions in past years, including downward pricing pressure for PV modules, mainly as a result of overproduction, and reductions in applicable governmental subsidies, contributing to demand decreases. For example, since the second part of 2023 and throughout 2024, the solar industry experienced a downturn, which continues, particularly in Europe, which led to a large amount of requests to cancel or push out orders and the buildup of significant backlog for our products. This slowdown in the market in Europe continues in 2025 and it is not clear when demand for PV systems in Europe will increase and return to the levels that it was at in 2021 and 2022. Additionally, there is no assurance that the solar industry will not suffer additional significant downturns in the future, which will adversely affect demand for our solar products and our results of operations.

Defects or performance problems in our products could result in loss of customers, reputational damage, and decreased revenue, and we may face warranty, indemnity, and product liability claims arising from defective products.

Although our products meet our stringent quality requirements, they may contain undetected errors or defects, especially when first introduced or when new generations are released. Errors, defects, or poor performance can arise due to design flaws, defects in raw materials or components or manufacturing difficulties, which can affect both the quality and the yield of the product. Any actual or perceived errors, defects, or poor performance in our products could result in the replacement or recall of our products or components thereof, shipment delays, rejection of our products, damage to our reputation, lost revenue, diversion of our personnel from our product development efforts, and increases in customer service and support costs, all of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

Furthermore, defective components may give rise to warranty, indemnity, or product liability claims against us that exceed any revenue or profit we receive from the affected products. In most cases, we offer a minimum 12-year limited warranty for our inverters, extendable to twenty-five years for an additional cost, a 25-year limited warranty for our power optimizers and a 10-year limited warranty for our residential energy bank battery. Our limited warranties cover defects in materials and workmanship of our products under normal use and service conditions; therefore, we bear the risk of warranty claims long after we have sold products and recognized revenue. While we do have accrued reserves for warranty claims, our estimated warranty costs for previously sold products may change to the extent future products are not compatible with earlier generation products under warranty. Our warranty accruals are based on our assumptions and we do not have a long history of making such assumptions. As a result, these assumptions could prove to be materially different from the actual performance of our systems, causing us to incur substantial unanticipated expenses to repair or replace defective products in the future or to compensate customers for defective products. Our failure to accurately predict future claims could result in unexpected volatility in, and have a material adverse effect on, our financial condition. In particular, our commercial CSS-OD batteries are still relatively new on the market and we do not have the experience in servicing these products yet.

If one of our products were to cause injury to someone or cause property damage, or in the event that a claim is made alleging false or misleading advertisement, unfair competition or other consumer related claims, we could potentially be exposed to product liability claims and lawsuits which could result in significant costs and liabilities if damages are awarded against us. Further, any product liability claim we face could be expensive to defend and could divert management’s attention. Even in litigation where we believe our liability is remote, there is a risk that a negative finding or decision in a matter involving multiple plaintiffs or a purported class action could have a material adverse effect on our competitive position, results of operations or financial condition.

The successful assertion of a product liability claim against us could result in potentially significant monetary damages, penalties or fines, subject us to adverse publicity, damage our reputation and competitive position, and adversely affect sales of our products. In addition, product liability claims, injuries, defects, or other problems experienced by other companies in the residential solar industry could lead to unfavorable market conditions for the industry as a whole.

We depend upon a small number of outside contract manufacturers. Our operations could be disrupted if we encounter problems with these contract manufacturers, including difficulties ramping production with new contract manufacturers.

While we manufacture a small portion of our products in Israel, we heavily rely upon our contract manufacturers to manufacture most of our products. We mainly rely on two contract manufacturers. Any change in our relationship or contractual terms with our contract manufacturers, or changes in our contract manufacturers’ ability to comply with their contractual obligations could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations. Our reliance on a small number of contract manufacturers makes us vulnerable to possible capacity constraints and reduced control over component availability, delivery schedules, manufacturing yields and costs. Even though we have commenced manufacturing in our facilities in Israel, the expected production volumes will not be sufficient to relieve our significant dependence on our contract manufacturers. In addition, we remain heavily dependent on suppliers of the components needed for our manufacturing.

The revenues that our contract manufacturers generate from our orders represent a relatively small percentage of their overall revenues. Therefore, fulfilling our orders may not be considered a priority in the event of constrained ability to fulfill all of their customer obligations in a timely manner.

If either of our contract manufacturers were unable or unwilling to manufacture our products in required volumes and at high quality levels or continue to supply under existing terms, we would have to identify, qualify, and select acceptable alternative contract manufacturers, which may not be available to us when needed or may be unable to satisfy our quality or production requirements on commercially reasonable terms. Any significant interruption in manufacturing would require us to reduce our supply of products to our customers or increase our shipping costs to make up for delays in manufacturing, which in turn could reduce our revenues, harm our relationships with our customers, subject us to liquidated damages for late deliveries, and damage our reputation with local installers and potential end-users, all of which will cause us to forego potential revenue opportunities.

Further, the ramping up of a new contract manufacturer is time consuming and draining on the resources of our operations team. For example, in light of the IRA, a law in the United States that incentivizes the local manufacturing of renewable energy products by providing benefits to installers for the purchase and installation of U.S.-manufactured products as well as by incentivizing manufacturers of such products domestically, we have engaged two contract manufacturers in the U.S. Our ability to ramp up production with these contract manufacturers in a timely manner, and to realize the benefits from the IRA as planned, is dependent upon supply times of equipment deliveries and readiness of the assembly lines, recruitment and training of the necessary work force, ramp up of the assembly lines and the quality of the initial production.

We may experience delays, disruptions, or quality control problems in our manufacturing operations.

Our product development, manufacturing, and testing processes are complex and require significant technological and production process expertise involving several precise steps from design to production. Any change in our processes could cause one or more production errors, requiring a temporary suspension or delay in our production line until the errors can be identified and properly rectified. This may occur particularly as we introduce new products, modify our engineering and production techniques, and/or expand our capacity. In addition, our failure to maintain appropriate quality assurance processes could result in increased product failures, loss of customers, increased warranty reserve, increased costs and delays, all of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

We depend on a limited number of suppliers for key components and raw materials in our products to adequately meet anticipated demand. Due to the limited number of such suppliers, any changes or shortages in raw materials or key components we use could result in sales delays, higher costs associated with air shipments, cancellations, and loss of market share.

We depend on limited or single source suppliers for certain key components and raw materials used to manufacture our products, making us susceptible to quality issues, shortages and price changes. Any of these limited or single source suppliers could stop supplying, or offering at commercially reasonable prices, our components or raw materials, cease operations or be acquired by, or enter into exclusive arrangements with our competitors. Moreover, we rely on suppliers in China for certain key components, and rising tensions between China and other countries could damage our relationships with these suppliers. Because there are few suppliers of raw materials used to manufacture our products, it may be difficult to timely identify and/or qualify alternate suppliers on commercially reasonable terms; therefore, our ability to satisfy customer demand may be adversely affected. Transitioning to a new supplier or redesigning a product to accommodate a new component manufacturer would result in additional costs and delays that could harm our business or financial performance.

In addition, given our dependence on suppliers in China, changes in international trade policies, tariffs, or trade disputes could significantly and adversely affect our business, revenues, margins, results of operations, and cash flows.

Managing our supplier and contractor relationships is particularly difficult when we are introducing new products. For example, as we began to ramp assembly and production of residential and commercial batteries we became heavily reliant on new third-party suppliers that needed to be approved through rigorous testing and validation processes for use in our supply chain. Once selected, it is time consuming and costly to replace such vendors. Any delay or shortage of supply or inability to deliver the components to our manufacturing facilities could harm our business or financial performance.

Any interruption in the supply of limited source components or raw materials for our products would adversely affect our ability to meet scheduled product deliveries to our customers and could result in lost revenue or higher expenses associated with increased air shipments required to meet customer demand in a timely manner and would harm our business. For example, in 2021 and 2022, we experienced raw material shortages due to increased lead time which affected our ability to timely receive certain components within the previously expected lead times. If this were to reoccur, such shortages could result in a delay in sales, higher costs associated with air shipments, cancellations of orders by customers, liquidated damages for late deliveries and loss of market share.

Disruption in our global supply chain and rising prices of oil and raw materials as a result of the conflict between Russia and Ukraine may adversely affect our businesses and results of operations.

The conflict that began between Russia and Ukraine in late February 2022 may lead to disruptions to our supply-chain and logistics. Specifically, the conflict may disrupt the transit of goods by train from China to Europe, resulting in an increase in prices of certain raw materials sourced in Russia (such as nickel and aluminum) that we use in the manufacture of our products as well as increase in oil prices that will in turn cause overall shipping costs to rise. In addition, the governments of the U.S., the European Union, Japan and other jurisdictions have announced sanctions on certain industry sectors and parties in Russia and the regions of Donetsk and Luhansk, as well as enhanced export controls on certain products and industries. These and any additional sanctions, as well as any counter responses by the governments of Russia or other jurisdictions, could adversely affect the global financial markets generally and levels of economic activity as well as increase financial markets volatility and any additional measures or sanctions, as well as the resulting rise in prices of oil and certain raw materials sourced in Russia may disrupt our business and results of operations and/or adversely affect the pricing of our products.

We rely on distributors and large installers to assist in selling our products, and the failure of these customers to perform as expected could reduce our future revenues.

Our customers’ decisions to purchase our products are influenced by several factors outside of our control. The agreements we have with some of our largest customers do not have long-term purchase commitments and are generally cancellable by either party after a relatively short notice period. The loss of, or events affecting, one or more of these customers could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations (see Note 2.aa to our consolidated financial statements).

In addition, we do not have exclusive arrangements with our third-party distributors and large installers, many of which also market and sell products from our competitors. These distributors and large installers may terminate their relationships with us at any time and with little or no notice. Further, these distributors and large installers may fail to devote resources necessary to sell our products at the prices, in the volumes, and within the time frames that we expect, or may focus their marketing and sales efforts on products of our competitors. Termination of agreements with current distributors or large installers, failure by these distributors or large installers to perform as expected, or failure by us to cultivate new distributor or large installer relationships, could hinder our ability to expand our operations and could negatively impact our revenue and results of operations.

In the second half of 2023 and throughout 2024, with the downturn of the renewable energy demand, some players in the market have announced exiting the solar market and others have shown signs of financial distress. For example, in January 2024, ADT announced that it was exiting the residential solar business completely after having bought Sunpro Solar in 2021. ADT was not a customer of SolarEdge, but the trend could continue and SolarEdge customers could also decide to exit the solar business. Some of our customers and some installers who purchase our products from distributors have shown signs of financial distress and some have requested and received extended payment terms or loans from us. If these installers and distributors become insolvent or if some of their customers fail to pay our distributors for products sold by such distributors, we may need to write off some of their debt to us and we may suffer harm to our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

Mergers in the solar industry among our current or potential customers may adversely affect our competitive position.

There has been an increase in consolidation activities among distributors, large installers, and other strategic partners in the solar industry. For example, in October 2020, Sunrun, a leading provider of residential solar, battery storage and energy services, acquired Vivint Solar. In addition, in December 2021, Stem Inc., a storage software and services company acquired AlsoEnergy, a solar asset management software company. If this consolidation continues and impacts our customers, it will further increase our reliance on a small number of customers for a significant portion of our sales and may negatively impact our competitive position in the solar market.

Our expansion into new geographic markets or new product lines or services could subject us to additional business, financial, and competitive risks.

We have in the past, and may in the future, evaluate opportunities to expand into new geographic markets and introduce new product offerings and services. We also may from time to time engage in acquisitions of businesses or product lines with the potential to strengthen and expand our market position, technological capabilities, or provide synergy opportunities. For example, we intend to continue to introduce new products targeted at large commercial installations.

Our successful operation in any markets, or any acquired business, will depend on a number of factors, including our ability to develop solutions to address the requirements of the large commercial and utility-scale solar PV markets, timely certification of new products for large commercial and utility-scale solar PV installations, acceptance of power optimizers in solar PV markets in which they have not traditionally been used, and our ability to manage increased manufacturing capacity and production and to identify and integrate any acquired businesses.

Further, we expect these new solar PV markets and additional markets we have entered, or may enter into, to have different characteristics from the markets in which we currently sell our products. Our success will depend on our ability to properly adapt to these differences, which include differing regulatory requirements, such as tax laws, trade laws, labor regulations, tariffs, export quotas, customs duties, or other trade restrictions, limited or unfavorable intellectual property protection, international, political or economic conditions, restrictions on the repatriation of earnings, longer sales cycles, warranty expectations, product return policies and cost, and performance and compatibility requirements. In addition, expanding into new geographic markets will increase our exposure to existing risks, such as fluctuations in the value of foreign currencies and increased expenses in complying with U.S. and foreign laws, regulations and trade standards, including the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977, as amended (the “FCPA”).

Failure to successfully develop and introduce these new products, successfully integrate acquired businesses, or to otherwise manage the risks and challenges associated with our potential expansion into new product and geographic markets, could adversely affect our revenues and our ability to sustain profitability.

We have discontinued our e-Mobility business and energy storage business, resulting in the write-off of tangible and intangible assets.

In October 2023, the Company decided to discontinue its LCV e-Mobility activity related to the supply of products to its sole customer, Stellantis. Our e-Mobility business currently does not have additional substantial projects in the pipeline, and we do not plan to engage additional customers or generate revenues from the e-Mobility business. We have therefore discontinued this business. In the year ended December 31, 2022, we impaired goodwill and intangible assets related to our e-Mobility business and in the year ended December 31, 2023, we impaired tangible assets including machinery and inventory write-off. Such impairment charges have had a negative impact on our operating results and related financial statements.

In November 2024, the Company announced that it intends to discontinue its Energy Storage business related to the manufacture of batteries, mainly at our Sella2 location in South Korea in order to focus on the Company's core solar business.

We may not realize expected benefits from our cost reduction and restructuring efforts, and our profitability or our business otherwise might be adversely affected.

In order to operate more efficiently and cost effectively, we have, and we may from time to time, adjust employment levels, optimize our footprint and/or implement other restructuring activities. For example, in January, July, and November 2024, as well as January 2025, we announced adoption of a restructuring plan in response to challenging industry conditions, including a reduction in workforce. These activities are complex and may involve or require significant changes to our operations. If we do not successfully manage these activities, expected efficiencies and benefits might be delayed or not realized. Risks associated with these actions and other workforce management issues include: unfavorable political responses and reputational harm; unforeseen delays in the implementation of the restructuring activities; additional costs; adverse effects on employee morale; the failure to meet operational targets due to the loss of employees or work stoppages; and difficulty managing our operations during or after facility consolidations, any of which may impair our ability to achieve anticipated cost reductions, harm our business or reputation, or have a material adverse effect on our competitive position, results of operations, cash flows or financial condition.

Any unauthorized access to, disclosure, or theft of personal information we gather, store, or use could harm our reputation and subject us to claims or litigation.

Our business and operations may be impacted by cybersecurity incidents data security breaches and cybersecurity attacks, including attempts to gain unauthorized access to confidential data. We receive, store, and use certain personal information of our employees, customers, and the end-users of our customers’ solar PV systems. We may also share information with contractors and third-party providers to conduct our business. Although such contractors and third-party providers typically implement encryption and authentication technologies to secure the transmission and storage of data, those third-party providers may experience a significant data security breach, which may also detrimentally affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition.

As detailed in Item 106 - Cybersecurity, we take steps to protect the security, integrity, and confidentiality of the personal information we process; however, we have been subject to cybersecurity attacks and other information technology system disruptions in the past and there is no guarantee that inadvertent or unauthorized access, use or disclosure will not occur despite our efforts. As such, while we have not experienced a material cybersecurity incident to date, a material cybersecurity incident could materially affect our operations and production, including our ability to produce goods or provide services and our ability to timely and accurately produce financial reports. In addition, because techniques used to obtain unauthorized access or sabotage systems change frequently and generally are not identified until after they are launched against a target, we and our suppliers or vendors may be unable to anticipate these techniques or to implement adequate preventative or mitigatory measures.

Unauthorized use or disclosure of, or access to, any personal information maintained by us or on our behalf, whether through breach of our systems, breach of the systems of our suppliers or vendors by an unauthorized third party, or through employee or contractor error, theft or misuse, or otherwise, could harm our business, particularly in light of the European General Data Protection Regulation, the California Consumer Privacy Act, and China Personal Information Protection Law (PIP), and other state and federal laws in the U.S., which are already in effect or are coming into effect between 2024 and 2026. If any such unauthorized use manipulation, corruption, loss, or disclosure of, or access to, such personal information were to occur, our operations could be seriously disrupted, including the inability to render services due to system outages, and we could be subject to demands, claims and litigation by private parties, and investigations, related actions, and penalties by regulatory authorities. In addition, we could incur significant costs in notifying affected persons and entities and otherwise complying with the multitude of foreign, federal, state, and local laws and regulations relating to the unauthorized access to, or use or disclosure of, personal information. Any perceived or actual unauthorized access to, or use or disclosure of, such information could harm our reputation, substantially impair our ability to attract and retain customers, and have an adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Any of the foregoing may be exacerbated by a delay or failure to detect a cybersecurity incident or the full extent of such incident. We may be required to incur significant costs to protect against damage caused by these disruptions or security breaches in the future. In addition, our liability insurance, which includes cyber insurance, might not be sufficient in type or amount to cover us against claims related to security incidents, cyberattacks and other related incidents.

Attempts by third parties, our employees, or our vendors might gain unauthorized access to our network or seek to compromise our products and services.

Occasionally, we face attempts by others, including our own employees or vendors, to access our networks, to gain unauthorized access through the Internet, introduce malicious software to our information technology (IT) systems, or corrupt the processes of hardware and software products that we manufacture and services we provide. We or our products may be a target of computer hackers, organizations or malicious attackers who attempt to gain access to our network or data centers or those of our customers or end users; steal proprietary information related to our business, products, employees, and customers; or interrupt our systems or those of our customers or others. Occasionally, we encounter intrusions or attempts at gaining unauthorized access to our network. To date, none of these incidents have resulted in any material adverse impact to our business or operations, although there can be no guarantee that such impacts will not be material in the future. While we seek to detect and investigate all unauthorized attempts and attacks against our network and products, and to prevent their recurrence where practicable, we remain potentially vulnerable to additional known or unknown threats. In addition to intentional third-party cybersecurity breaches, the integrity and confidentiality of Company and customer data may be compromised as a result of human error, product defects, or technological failures. Cybersecurity breaches, whether successful or unsuccessful, and other IT system interruptions, including those resulting from human error and technological failures, could subject us to significant costs arising from, among others, rebuilding internal systems, reduced inventory value, providing modifications to our products and services, defending against litigation, responding to official inquiries or actions, paying damages, or taking other remedial steps with respect to third parties.

Our entry into business engagements with South Korean military bodies as our customers in the lithium-ion battery and energy storage business embodies a risk for potentially large-scale and uncapped liability.

As a result of the acquisition of our Korean subsidiary (formerly Kokam), we sell a small portion of our products to customers who integrate our storage systems or cells and then sell these products to military customers. Our sales to military customers often involve standard form contracts, which may not be subject to negotiation. In particular, certain of these contracts involve unlimited damages provisions that could result in large-scale liabilities.

Our entry into adjacent markets through acquisitions is highly competitive and it is difficult to evaluate our future in these new markets.Our business could be materially adversely affected as a result of the risks associated with acquisitions and investments including our ability to effectively integrate such acquisitions.

Our non-solar businesses in adjacent markets, such as energy storage, are highly competitive markets in which we will need to compete. We have encountered and will continue to encounter risks and difficulties frequently experienced by growing companies in rapidly changing industries, including unpredictable and volatile revenues and increased expenses, with respect to the ability or failure to integrate such acquisitions. For example, in October 2023, we decided to discontinue our light commercial vehicle e-Mobility ("LCV") activity related to the supply of products to the sole customer and do not plan to be active in the e-Mobility business in the future. Also in November 2024, we decided to discontinue our Energy Storage activity in South Korea. The viability and demand for our products and services may be affected by many factors beyond our control, including:

• popularity of solar energy as a green energy solution;

• prices of traditional carbon-based energy sources; and

As part of our growth strategy, we made a number of acquisitions, and may, in the future continue to make acquisitions and investments in the future. Discontinuing businesses may also create liabilities and expenses that may adversely affect our business. We evaluate the tactical or strategic opportunities available related to complementary businesses, products or technologies. There can be no assurance that we will be successful in making additional acquisitions. Even if we are successful in making additional acquisitions, integrating an acquired company’s business into ours or investing in new technologies may result in unforeseen operating difficulties and large expenditures and absorb significant management attention that would otherwise be available for the ongoing development of our business, both of which may result in the loss of key customers or personnel and expose us to unanticipated liabilities. Further, we may not be able to retain the key employees that may be necessary to operate the businesses we acquire and we may not be able to attract, in a timely manner, new skilled employees and management to replace them.

We may not be able to consummate acquisitions or investments that we have identified as crucial to the implementation of our strategy for other commercial or economic reasons. Further, we may not be able to obtain the necessary regulatory approvals, including those of competition authorities and foreign investment authorities, in countries where we seek to consummate acquisitions or make investments. For those and other reasons, we may ultimately fail to consummate an acquisition, even if we announce the intended acquisition.

Disruption to our business operations as a result of war and hostilities in Israel and otherconditions in Israel that affect our operations may limit our ability to develop, produce and sell our products.

Our headquarters and research and development center are located in Israel. Accordingly, political, economic, and military conditions in Israel directly affect us. Israel has been and is currently involved in a number of armed conflicts and is the target of terrorist activity, including threats from Gaza, Iran, the Houthi militants in Yemen, Hezbollah militants in Lebanon, Iranian militia in Syria, and others. The state of hostility disrupts day-to-day civilian activity and negatively affects our business conditions.

Violence between Hamas and Israel intensified on October 7th, 2023 when the terrorist group launched an unprecedented attack on Israel. On October 8, 2023 the Israeli Government declared that the Security Cabinet of the State of Israel approved a war situation in Israel. Since our headquarters and most of our employees operate from Israel, the state of war has disrupted and is continuing to disrupt our business operations. This situation has impacted the availability of our workforce, as part of our workforce in Israel, where we are headquartered, have been called into active reserve duty. Since November 2023, the Houthis, a rebel Shi'a group in Yemen have been attacking international shipping lanes in the red sea forcing commercial ships to redirect commercial freight traffic away from the Bab al Mandab Strait and the Suez Canal, and find alternative longer and safer travel routes. If this situation continues or intensifies shipment costs and energy prices may increase which in turn may have an impact on the Company as well as on the global economy. While our offices and facilities are open worldwide, including in Israel, and, to date, we have not had disruptions to our ability to manufacture and deliver products and services to customers, a prolonged war or an escalation of the current conditions in Israel could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

In addition, any future armed conflict, political instability or violence in the region may impede our ability to manage our business effectively, operate our manufacturing plant in northern Israel, engage in research and development, or otherwise adversely affect our business or operations. In the event of escalation of the current war situation or others, we may be forced to cease operations, which may cause delays in the distribution and sale of our products. Some of our directors, executive officers, and employees in Israel are obligated to perform reserve duty in the Israeli military and are subject to being called for additional active duty under emergency circumstances. In the event that our principal executive office is damaged as a result of hostile action, or hostilities otherwise disrupt the ongoing operation of our offices, our ability to operate could be materially adversely affected.

Additionally, several countries principally in the Middle East, restrict doing business with Israeli companies, and additional countries and groups may impose similar restrictions if hostilities in Israel or political instability in the region continue or increase. If instability in neighboring states results in the establishment of fundamentalist Islamic regimes or governments more hostile to Israel, or if Egypt or Jordan abrogates its respective peace treaty with Israel, Israel could be subject to additional political, economic, and military confines, and our operations and ability to sell our products to countries in the region could be materially adversely affected.

Any current or future hostilities involving Israel or the interruption or curtailment of trade between Israel and its present trading partners, or significant downturn in the economic or financial condition of Israel, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

In that regard, since the start of the war on Hamas, we have become aware of pressure being placed on our customers not to engage in business with us due to our affiliation with Israel. In addition, foreign policy could be negatively impacted with regard to Israel. If these pressures intensify or continue to occur, they could impact our business with suppliers and customers which could in turn adversely impact our reputation, results of operations or financial condition.

Additionally, in 2023, the Israeli government announced plans to significantly reduce the Israeli Supreme Court's judicial oversight, including reducing its ability to strike down legislation that it deems unreasonable, and plans to increase political influence over the selection of judges. Although the Israeli Supreme Court partially struck down these plans, the current government has vowed to make other changes to law that limit the powers of the Supreme Court. If such government plans are eventually enacted, they may cause operational challenges for us since we are headquartered in Israel and many of our employees are located in Israel.

The tax benefits that are available to us under Israeli law require us to meet various conditions and may be terminated or reduced in the future, which could increase our costs and taxes.

SolarEdge Technologies, Ltd., our Israeli subsidiary ("Israeli Subsidiary") was eligible for certain tax benefits provided to “Benefited Enterprises” under the Israeli Law for the Encouragement of Capital Investments, 1959 (the “Investments Law”). Beginning in January 2019, and with respect to its taxable results from 2019 onwards, our Israeli Subsidiary further elected to apply the terms of the Investments Law as per “Preferred Enterprise” (“PE”) or “Preferred Technological Enterprise” (“PTE”). In order to remain eligible for the tax benefits for “Benefited Enterprises” with respect to our Israeli Subsidiary’s taxable results until 2018 and with respect to its taxable results from 2019 for PE or PTE, we must continue to meet certain conditions stipulated in the Investments Law and its regulations, as amended. If these tax benefits are reduced, cancelled, or discontinued, or if we are held to have violated the conditions stipulated in the Law, our Israeli taxable income would be subject, in whole or in part, to regular Israeli corporate tax rates and we may be required to refund any tax benefits that we have already received, plus interest and penalties thereon. The statutory corporate tax rate for Israeli companies is 23% as of January 1, 2018 and onward. Additionally, if we increase our activities outside of Israel through acquisitions or otherwise through our Israeli Subsidiary, our existing or expanded activities might not be eligible for inclusion in existing or future Israeli tax benefit programs. The Israeli government may furthermore independently determine to reduce, phase out or eliminate entirely the benefit programs under the Investments Law, regardless of whether we then qualify for benefits under those programs at the time, which would also adversely affect our global tax rate and our results of operations.

It may be difficult to enforce a judgment of a U.S. court against our officers and directors, to assert U.S. securities laws claims in Israel, or to serve process on our officers and directors.

Many of our directors and executive officers, their assets, and most of our assets are located outside of the U.S. Consequently, a judgment obtained against any of these persons, including a judgment based on the civil liability provisions of the U.S. federal securities laws, may not be collectible in the U.S. It also may be difficult to effect service of process on these persons in the U.S. or to assert U.S. securities law claims in original actions instituted in Israel. Israeli courts may refuse to hear a claim based on an alleged violation of U.S. securities laws on the grounds of forum non conveniens. In addition, even if an Israeli court hears a claim, it may determine that Israeli law and not U.S. law is applicable to the claim. If U.S. law is found to be applicable, the content of applicable U.S. law must be proven as a fact by expert witnesses, which can be a lengthy and costly process. Further, an Israeli court may not enforce a judgment awarded by a U.S. or other non-Israeli court. Certain matters of procedure will also be governed by Israeli law. There is little binding case law in Israel that addresses these matters. As a result of the difficulty associated with enforcing a judgment against any of these persons in Israel, judgment against many of our directors and executive officers may be unachievable or unenforceable.

We are dependent on ocean transportation to deliver our products in a timely and cost efficient manner. If we are unable to use ocean transportation to deliver our products, our business and financial condition could be materially and adversely impacted. Additionally, we are impacted by storage prices that have increased in the past year.

We rely on ocean transportation for the delivery of most of our products to our customers, and when unavailable, incompatible with customer delivery time requirements, or when we are unable to accommodate accelerated delivery times due to growing customer volume demands or shipment constraints, we rely on alternative, more expensive air transportation. Our ability to deliver our products via ocean transportation could be adversely impacted by shortages in available cargo capacity, changes by carriers and transportation companies in policies and practices, such as scheduling, pricing, payment terms and frequency of service or increases in the cost of fuel, taxes and labor, disruptions to ports and other shipping facilities as a result of the Covid-19 or other epidemics and other factors not within our control. If we are unable to use ocean transportation and are required to substitute more expensive air transportation, our financial condition and results of operations could be materially and adversely impacted.

Throughout the year ended December 31, 2023 and until the middle of the year ending December 31, 2024, we experienced an increase in the cost of revenues sold due to an increase in shipping rates that resulted from a reduction in ocean freight capacity and the reduction in the availability of air freight that increased the demand for ocean freight. Shipping rates have significantly decreased in the second half of 2024. Due to a decrease in the sale of our products, the mentioned costs have had marginal effects on our business.

Fluctuations in currency exchange rates may negatively impact our financial condition and results of operations.

Although our financial results are reported in U.S. dollars, 42.6% of our revenues in the year ended December 31, 2024 were generated in currencies other than the U.S. Dollar. In addition, a significant portion of our operating expenses are accrued in New Israeli Shekels (primarily related to payroll), the Euro and, to a lesser extent, the South Korean Won (“KRW”) and other currencies. As detailed in the Foreign Currency Exchange Risk under Item 7A - Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk, our profitability is affected by movements of the U.S. dollar against the Euro, and, to a lesser extent, the New Israeli Shekel, KRW and other currencies in which we generate revenues, incur expenses and maintain cash balances. Foreign currency fluctuations may also affect the prices of our products which are denominated primarily in U.S. dollars. If there is a devaluation of a particular currency, the prices of our products will increase relative to the local currency and may be less competitive. Despite our efforts to minimize foreign currency risks, primarily by maintaining cash balances in New Israeli Shekels, significant long-term fluctuations in relative currency values, in particular a significant change in the relative values of the Euro and, New Israeli Shekel, KRW and other currencies, against the U.S. dollar could have an adverse effect on our profitability and financial condition.

Occasionally, we enter into derivative financial instruments to hedge the exchange rates impacts on our assets, liabilities and certain transactions denominated in Israeli Shekels, Euro, KRW and other currencies.

Our hedging activities may also contribute to increased losses as a result of volatility in foreign currency markets. If foreign exchange currency markets continue to be volatile, such fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates could materially and adversely affect our profit margins and results of operations in future periods, and may make it difficult to hedge our foreign currency exposures effectively.

We are subject to risks related to corporate social responsibility and sustainability, including the impact of evolving legal and regulatory requirements.

We may face scrutiny related to our corporate social responsibility practices and requested disclosures by institutional and individual investors who may be using corporate social responsibility screening criteria in making investment decisions. Our disclosures on these matters or a failure to satisfy evolving stakeholder expectations for corporate social responsibility practices and reporting may potentially harm our reputation and impact relationships with investors, customers, and /or regulators. Certain market participants including major institutional investors use third-party benchmarks or scores to measure our corporate social responsibility practices in making investment decisions. Similarly, some of our customers and suppliers may evaluate our corporate social responsibility practices. At the same time, stakeholders and regulators have increasingly expressed or pursued opposing views, legislation, and investment expectations with respect to sustainability initiatives. In addition, our failure or perceived failure to pursue or fulfill our goals, targets and objectives or to satisfy various reporting standards within the timelines we announce, or at all, could expose us to government enforced actions and/or private litigation.

As sustainability-related, reporting standards and disclosure requirements continue to develop, we may incur increasing costs related to sustainability monitoring and reporting. For example, in January 2023, the EU enacted the Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive, which will require sustainability reporting across a broad range of environmental, social and governance topics for both EU and non-EU companies, and in October 2023, California enacted legislation addressing the disclosure of greenhouse gas emissions, climate-related risks, environmental claims and the use or sale of voluntary carbon offsets. Numerous countries have also begun proposing climate-reporting frameworks aligned with the International Sustainability Standards Board standards. These proposed regulatory changes related to climate change and reporting could increase the complexity of and costs associated with compliance with such regulations that could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Complications with the design or implementation of our new ERP system could adversely impact our business and operations.

We rely extensively on information systems and technology to manage our business and summarize operating results. We are in the process of a multi-year implementation of a new global enterprise resource planning (“ERP”) system. This ERP system will replace our existing operating and financial systems. The ERP system is designed to accurately maintain the Company’s financial records, enhance operational functionality and provide timely information to the Company’s management team related to the operation of the business. The ERP system implementation process has required, and will continue to require, the investment of significant personnel and financial resources. We may not be able to successfully implement the ERP system without experiencing delays, increased costs and other difficulties. If we are unable to successfully design and implement the new ERP system as planned, our financial positions, results of operations and cash flows could be negatively impacted. Additionally, if we do not effectively implement the ERP system as planned or the ERP system does not operate as intended, the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting could be adversely affected or our ability to assess those controls adequately could be delayed.

Natural disasters, public health events, significant disruptions of information technology systems, data security breaches, or other catastrophic events could adversely affect our operations.

Our worldwide operations could be subject to natural disasters (including as a result of climate change), public health events, significant disruptions of information technology systems, data security breaches and other catastrophic business disruptions, which could harm our future revenue and financial condition and increase our costs and expenses. We own manufacturing facilities in Israel, Italy and South Korea and rely on third-party manufacturing facilities, including for all product assembly and final testing of our products, which are performed at third-party manufacturing facilities, in the United States, and to a lesser extent, Vietnam. There may be conflict or uncertainty in the countries in which we operate, including public health issues (for example, a pandemic or an outbreak of contagious diseases or health epidemics), safety issues, natural disasters, fire, disruptions of service from utilities, nuclear power plant accidents, regional wars, or general economic or political factors. Such risks could result in an increase in the cost of components, production delays, general business interruptions, delays from difficulties in obtaining export licenses for certain technology, tariffs and other barriers and restrictions, longer payment cycles, increased taxes, restrictions on the repatriation of funds and the burdens of complying with a variety of foreign laws, any of which could ultimately have a material adverse effect on our business.

In the event that natural disasters (including as a result of climate change), public health epidemics or technical catastrophes were to damage or destroy any part of our facilities or those of our contract manufacturers, destroy or disrupt vital infrastructure systems or interrupt our operations or services for any extended period of time, our business, financial condition and results of operations would be materially and adversely affected.

Risks Related to Legal, Compliance and Regulations

The reduction, elimination or expiration of government subsidies and economic incentives for on-grid solar electricity applications could reduce demand for solar PV systems and harm our business.

Federal, state, local and foreign government bodies provide incentives to promote solar electricity in the form of rebates, tax credits or exemptions and other financial incentives. The market for on-grid applications, where solar power is used to supplement a customer’s electricity purchased from the utility network or sold to a utility under tariff, often depends in large part on the availability and size of government and economic incentives. As our customers’ sales are typically to the on-grid market, the reduction, elimination or expiration of government subsidies and incentives for on-grid solar electricity may negatively affect the desirability of solar electricity and could harm or halt the growth of the solar electricity industry and our business. For example, in 2015 the U.S. congress passed a multi-year extension to the solar Investment Tax Credit (ITC), and such extension helped grow the U.S. solar market. The IRA extended the term of the ITC through 2034. However, future reduction in the ITC could reduce the demand for solar energy solutions in the U.S. which would have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

In general, subsidies and incentives may expire on a particular date, end when the allocated funding is reduced or terminated due to, inter alia, legal challenges, adoption of new statutes or regulations or the passage of time, they often occur without warning.

In addition, several jurisdictions have adopted renewable portfolio standards, mandating that a certain portion of electricity delivered by utilities to customers come from a set of eligible renewable energy resources, such as solar, by a certain compliance date. Under some programs, a utility can receive a “credit” for renewable energy produced by a third party by either purchasing the electricity directly from the producer or paying a fee to obtain the right to renewable energy generated but used or sold by the generator. A renewable energy credit allows the utility to add this electricity to its renewable portfolio requirement without actually expending the capital for generating facilities. However, there can be no assurances that such policies will continue. Reduction or elimination of renewable portfolio standards or successful efforts to meet current standards could harm or halt the growth of the solar PV industry and our business.

In 2023, we began to move manufacturing to the U.S in order to benefit further from the clean energy tax credits provided under the IRA. Recent executive orders issued by the newly elected administration may lead to uncertainty regarding future projects and manufacturing costs of U.S.-made products. We are actively monitoring the situation and evaluating potential impacts on our financial condition and operational strategy.

Changes to net metering policies may reduce demand for electricity from solar PV systems and harm our business.

Our business benefits from favorable net metering policies in most U.S. states and some European countries, that allow a solar PV system owner to pay his or her electric utility only for power usage net of production from the solar PV system. System owners receive credit for the energy that the solar installation generates to offset energy usage at times when the solar installation is not generating energy. Under a net metering program, the customer typically pays for the net energy used or receives a credit against future bills if more energy is produced than consumed.

Most U.S. states have adopted some form of net metering. Yet, net metering programs have recently come under regulatory scrutiny in some U.S. states due to allegations that net metering policies inequitably shift costs onto non-solar ratepayers, by allowing solar ratepayers to sell electricity at rates that are too high for utilities to recoup their fixed costs. For example, in 2019, Louisiana Public Service Commissions adopted net metering policies aimed at lowering the solar customers’ savings. In December 2022, the California Public Utilities Commission voted to approve lowering current net energy metering tariffs, in addition to imposing a new grid-connection fee, on new rooftop solar users. The tariff cuts became effective in April of 2023. This new rate plan, known as NEM 3.0, has significantly reduced how much money California solar homeowners receive for a PV system resulting in a reduced rate of installations in the second half of 2023. We cannot be certain that similar programs will not be adopted in other states or that existing programs will not be further modified going forward.

If the value of the credit that customers receive for net metering is reduced, it could impact the current level of cost savings associated with net metering. The absence of favorable net metering policies or of net metering entirely, or the imposition of new charges that only or disproportionately affect end-users that use net metering would significantly limit demand for our products and could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and future growth.

Existing electric utility industry regulations and changes to regulations, may present technical, regulatory, and economic barriers to the purchase and use of solar PV systems, that may significantly reduce demand for our products or harm our ability to compete. In addition, determinations of various regulatory bodies regarding lack of compliance with certifications or other regulatory requirements, could harm our ability to sell our products in certain countries.

Federal, state, local and foreign government regulations and policies concerning the electric utility industry, and internal policies and regulations promulgated by electric utilities, heavily influence the market for electricity generation products and services, and could deter purchases of solar PV systems sold by our customers, significantly reducing the potential demand for our products. For example, utilities commonly charge fees to larger, industrial customers for disconnecting from the electric grid or for having the capacity to use power from the electric grid for back-up purposes. These fees could increase the cost to use solar PV systems sold by our customers and make them less desirable, thereby harming our business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations. In addition, depending on the region, electricity generated by solar PV systems competes most effectively with expensive peak-hour electricity from the electric grid, rather than the less expensive average price of electricity. Modifications to the utilities’ peak hour pricing policies or rate design, such as to a flat rate, could require the price of solar PV systems and their component parts to be lower in order to compete with the price of electricity from the electric grid.

Changes in current laws or regulations applicable to us or the imposition of new laws and regulations in the U.S., Europe, or other jurisdictions in which we do business could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Any changes to government or internal utility regulations and policies that favor electric utilities could reduce the competitiveness of solar PV systems sold by our customers, causing a significant reduction in demand for our products and services. In addition, changes in our products or changes in export and import laws and implementing regulations may delay the introduction of new products in international markets, prevent our customers from deploying our products internationally or, in some cases, prevent the export or import of our products to certain countries altogether, resulting in a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

Compliance with various regulatory requirements and standards is a prerequisite for placing our products on the market in most countries in which we do business. We have all such certifications but there are at times, challenges by local administrative telecommunications, consumer board or other authorities that can place sales bans on products.

Risks Related to Intellectual Property

If we fail to protect, or incur significant costs in defending our intellectual property and other proprietary rights, our business and results of operations could be materially harmed.

Our success depends to a significant degree on our ability to protect our intellectual property and other proprietary rights. We rely on a combination of patents, trademarks, copyrights, trade secrets, and unfair competition laws, as well as confidentiality and license agreements and other contractual provisions with our customers, suppliers, employees, and others, to establish and protect our intellectual property (IP) and other proprietary rights. Our ability to enforce these rights is subject to litigation risks, as well as uncertainty as to the enforceability of our IP rights in various countries, specifically claims that our IP rights are invalid or unenforceable. Our assertion of IP rights may result in another party seeking to assert claims against us, which could harm our business. Our inability to enforce our IP rights under any of these circumstances can harm our competitive position and business.

We have applied for patents in the U.S., Europe, and other jurisdictions, some of which have been issued. We cannot guarantee that any of our pending applications will be approved or that our existing and future intellectual property rights will be sufficiently broad to protect our proprietary technology. Any failure to obtain such approvals or finding that our intellectual property rights are invalid or unenforceable could force us to, among other things, rebrand or re-design our affected products. In countries where we have not applied for patent protection or where effective intellectual property protection is not available to the same extent as in the U.S., we may be at greater risk that our proprietary rights will be misappropriated, infringed, or otherwise violated.

Our intellectual property may be stolen or infringed upon. We were in the past and may in the future engage in legal proceedings related to intellectual property. Litigation proceedings are inherently uncertain, and adverse rulings may occur, including monetary damages, injunction stopping us from manufacturing or selling certain products, or requiring other remedies. Lawsuits are intended to protect our significant investment in our intellectual property, but they also may consume management and financial resources for long periods of time and may not result in favorable outcome for us, which may adversely affect our business, results of operations or financial condition.

Third parties may assert that we are infringing upon their intellectual property rights, which could divert management’s attention, cause us to incur significant costs, and prevent us from selling or using the technology to which such rights relate.

Our competitors and other third parties hold numerous patents related to technology used in our industry. Occasionally, we may also be subject to claims of intellectual property right infringement and related litigation, and, as we gain greater recognition in the market, we face a higher risk of being the subject to claims of violation of others’ intellectual property rights. For example, in July 2022, we were served with a complaint by Ampt LLC filed with the International Trade Commission pursuant to Section 337 of the Tariff Act of 1930, as amended and the District Court for the District of Delaware alleging patent infringement against the Company and its subsidiary SolarEdge Technologies Ltd. In May 2023, we entered into a settlement agreement under which the parties agreed to dismiss all proceedings related to the complaints and the parties have granted each other 10-year cross-licenses for certain intellectual property.

Responding to such claims can be time consuming, divert management’s attention and resources and may cause us to incur significant expenses in litigation or settlement. While we believe that our products and technology do not infringe in any material respect upon any valid third-party IP rights, we cannot be certain of successfully defending against any such claims. If we do not successfully defend or settle an IP claim, we could be liable for significant monetary damages and could be prohibited from continuing to use certain technology, business methods, content, or brands. To avoid a prohibition, we could seek a license from the applicable third party, which could require us to pay significant royalties, increasing our operating expenses. If a license is unavailable at all or unavailable on reasonable terms, we may be required to develop or license a non-violating alternative, either of which could require significant effort and expense. If we cannot license or develop a non-violating alternative, we could be forced to modify, limit or, in extreme cases, stop manufacturing and sales of our affected products in the relevant country and may be unable to effectively compete. Any of these results could adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

We may become subject to claims for remuneration or royalties for assigned service invention rights by our employees, which could result in litigation and adversely affect our business.

We enter into agreements with our employees pursuant to which they agree that any inventions created in the scope of their employment or engagement are assigned to us or owned exclusively by us, depending on the jurisdiction, without the employee retaining any rights. A significant portion of our intellectual property has been developed by our employees in the course of their employment for us. Under the Israeli Patent Law, 5727-1967 (the “Patent Law”), inventions conceived by an employee during the scope of his or her employment with a company are regarded as “service inventions,” which belong to the employer, absent a specific agreement between the employee and employer giving the employee service invention rights. The Patent Law also provides that if there is no such agreement between an employer and an employee, the Israeli Compensation and Royalties Committee (the “Committee”), a body constituted under the Patent Law, shall determine whether the employee is entitled to remuneration for his or her inventions. Case law clarifies that the right to receive consideration for “service inventions” can be waived by the employee and that in certain circumstances, such waiver does not necessarily have to be explicit. The Committee will examine, on a case-by-case basis, the general contractual framework between the parties, using interpretation rules of the general Israeli contract laws. Further, the Committee has not yet determined the method for calculating this Committee-enforced remuneration, but rather uses the criteria specified in the Patent Law. Although our employees have agreed that any rights related to their inventions are owned exclusively by us, we may face claims demanding remuneration in consideration for such acknowledgement. As a consequence of such claims, we could be required to pay additional remuneration or royalties to our current and/or former employees, or be forced to litigate such claims, which could negatively affect our business.

If our goodwill or other intangible assets become impaired, our financial condition and results of operations could be negatively affected.

Due to our acquisitions and following the latest impairment recorded during 2024, goodwill and other intangible assets totaled approximately $58.0 million, or approximately 2.2% of our total assets, as of December 31, 2024. We test our goodwill for impairment at least annually, or more frequently if an event occurs indicating the potential for impairment, and we assess on an as-needed basis whether there have been impairments in our other intangible assets, which include complex, and often subjective, assumptions and estimates. These assumptions and estimates can be affected by a variety of external factors such as industry and economic trends, and internal factors such as changes in our business strategy or our internal forecasts. To the extent that the factors described above change, we could be required to record additional non-cash impairment charges in the future, which could negatively affect our financial condition and results of operations (see Notes 10 and 11 of the financial statements for additional information).

Risks Related to our Notes and the Ownership of Our Common Stock

Our stock price has been, and may continue to be, subject to significant volatility.

Our common stock price during the year ended December 31, 2024, ranged from $10.24 to $97.27 per share. As further detailed in the Performance Graph in Item 5 below, the price of our Common Stock in 2024 was highly volatile and may fluctuate in response to our results of operations in future periods or due to other factors, including factors specific to companies in our industry, many of which are beyond our control. As a result, our share price may experience significant volatility and may not necessarily reflect the value of our expected performance. We have been subject to securities class action litigation as a result of our stock price volatility, which could result in substantial cost and diversion of our management’s attention from other business concerns, which could seriously harm our business.

Among other factors that could affect our stock price are:

• the addition or loss of significant customers;

• changes in the popularity of solar energy or renewable energy in general;

• speculation about our business in the press or the investment community;

• our ability to protect our intellectual property and other proprietary rights;

• the expiration of contractual lock-up agreements;

• success of competitive products or services;

• the effectiveness of our internal controls over financial reporting;

• our entry into new markets;

• tax developments in the U.S., Europe, or other markets;

• the inclusion, exclusion, or deletion of our stock from any trading indices;

• conversion of all or portion of the Convertible Senior Notes;

• changes in accounting principles.

Further, the stock markets have experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of affected companies. In addition, the stock prices of many renewable energy companies have experienced wide fluctuations that have often been unrelated to the operating performance of those companies. These broad market and industry fluctuations, as well as general economic, political, and market conditions such as recessions, changes in U.S. regulations and policies with respect to renewable energy, interest rate changes, or international currency fluctuations, may cause the market price of our common stock to decline.

Provisions in our certificate of incorporation and by-laws may have the effect of delaying or preventing a change of control or changes in our management.

Our certificate of incorporation and by-laws contain provisions that could depress the trading price of our common stock by discouraging, delaying, or preventing a change of control of our Company or changes in our management that the stockholders of our Company may believe advantageous. These provisions include:

• limiting the ability of stockholders to call a special stockholder meeting;

• prohibiting stockholders from acting by written consent;

In addition, we are governed by the provisions of Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law (“DGCL”), which generally prohibits a Delaware corporation from engaging in a broad range of business combinations with any “interested” stockholder for a period of three years following the date on which the stockholder becomes an “interested” stockholder.

Our certificate of incorporation includes a forum selection clause, which could limit our stockholders’ ability to obtain a favorable judicial forum for disputes with us.

Our certificate of incorporation provides that, unless we consent in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the sole and exclusive forum for any stockholder (including any beneficial owner) to bring (i) any derivative action or proceeding brought on our behalf, (ii) any action asserting a claim of breach of a fiduciary duty owed by any of our directors, officers, or employees to us or to our stockholders, (iii) any action asserting a claim arising pursuant to any provision of the DGCL or our certificate of incorporation or by-laws, or (iv) any action asserting a claim governed by the internal affairs doctrine, will be a state court located within the State of Delaware (or, if no state court located within the State of Delaware has jurisdiction, the federal district court for the District of Delaware). In addition, unless the Corporation, in writing, selects or consents to the selection of an alternative forum, to the fullest extent permitted by law, the sole and exclusive forum for any complainant asserting a cause of action arising under the Securities Act of 1933, to the fullest extent permitted by law, shall be the federal district courts of the United States of America. Any person or entity purchasing or otherwise acquiring any interest in shares of our capital stock is deemed to have notice of and consented to the foregoing provisions. This forum selection provision may limit our stockholders’ ability to obtain a favorable judicial forum for disputes with us. It is also possible that, notwithstanding the forum selection clause that is included in our certificate of incorporation, a court outside of Delaware could rule that such a provision is inapplicable or unenforceable.

We may not have the ability to raise the funds necessary to settle conversion of our Convertible Senior Notes or Notes in cash or to repurchase the Notes upon a fundamental change, and our future debt may contain limitations on our ability to pay cash upon conversion of the Notes or to repurchase the Notes.

Holders of the Notes 2025 or Notes 2029 (together, the "Notes") have the right to require us to repurchase all or a portion of their notes upon the occurrence of a fundamental change (as defined in the Indentures governing their respective Convertible Senior Notes) at a repurchase price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the Notes to be repurchased, plus accrued and unpaid special interest, if any. In addition, upon conversion of the Notes, unless we elect to deliver solely shares of our common stock to settle such conversion (other than paying cash in lieu of delivering any fractional share), we will be required to make cash payments in respect of the Notes being converted. We may not have enough available cash or be able to obtain financing at the time we are required to make repurchases of Notes surrendered or Notes being converted. In addition, our ability to repurchase the Notes or to pay cash upon conversions of the Notes may be limited by law, regulatory authority or agreements governing our future indebtedness. Our failure to repurchase Notes at a time when the repurchase is required by the indenture governing such Notes or to pay cash upon conversion of the Notes as required by such indenture would constitute a default under such indenture. A default under the indenture governing the Notes or the fundamental change itself could also lead to a default under agreements governing our future indebtedness. If the payment of the related indebtedness were to be accelerated after any applicable notice or grace periods, we may not have sufficient funds to repay the indebtedness and repurchase the Notes or make cash payments upon conversion of the Notes.

We may not be able to raise additional capital to execute on our current or future business opportunities on favorable terms, if at all, or without dilution to our stockholders.

We believe that our existing cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash and cash flows from our operating activities will be sufficient to meet our anticipated cash needs for at least the next 12 months. However, we may need to raise additional capital or debt financing to execute on our current or future business strategies, including to:

• provide additional cash reserves to support our operations;

• invest in our research and development efforts;

• expand our operations into new product markets and new geographies;

• acquire complementary businesses, products, services or technologies; or

We do not know what forms of financing, if any, will be available to us. If financing is not available on acceptable terms, if and when needed, our ability to fund our operations, enhance our research and development and sales and marketing functions, develop and enhance our products, respond to unanticipated events and opportunities, or otherwise respond to competitive pressures would be significantly limited. In any such event, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially harmed, and we may be unable to continue our operations. Moreover, if we raise additional funds through the issuance of equity or convertible debt securities, the percentage ownership of our stockholders could be significantly diluted, and these newly issued securities may have rights, preferences or privileges senior to those of existing stockholders.

We do not intend to pay any cash dividends on our common stock in the foreseeable future.

We have never declared or paid any dividends on our common stock and currently do not expect to pay any dividends in the foreseeable future. Any future determination to declare cash dividends will be made at the discretion of our board of directors, subject to applicable laws and organizational documents. As a result, capital appreciation in the price of our common stock, if any, may be your only source of gain on an investment in our common stock.

Our share repurchase program may be subject to certain risks.

Although the board of directors has authorized the share repurchase program, any determination to execute the share repurchase program will be subject to, among other things, the Company’s financial position and results of operations, available cash and cash flow, capital requirements and other factors, as well as the board of director’s continuing determination that the repurchase program is in the best interests of its stockholders and is in compliance with all laws and agreements applicable to the repurchase program. Our share repurchase program does not obligate us to acquire any common stock. If we fail to meet any expectations related to share repurchases, this could have a material adverse impact on investor confidence and the market price of our common stock could decline. Additionally, price volatility of our common stock over a given period may cause the average price at which we repurchase our common stock to exceed the stock’s market price at a given point in time. Our share repurchase program expired on December 31, 2024.

We may further increase or decrease the amount of repurchases of our common stock in the future. Any reduction or discontinuance of repurchases of our common stock pursuant to our current share repurchase program could cause the market price of our common stock to decline. Moreover, in the event repurchases of our common stock are reduced or discontinued, our failure or inability to resume repurchasing common stock at historical levels could result in a lower market valuation of our common stock.

ITEM 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments.

Not applicable.

ITEM 1C. Cybersecurity

Cyber security risk is an area of increasing focus for our Board, particularly as an increasingly significant part of our operations rely on digital technologies. As a result, we have implemented a cyber security program to assess, identify, and manage risks from cyber security threats that may result in material adverse effects on the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of our information systems. This program has been integrated into the Company’s overall risk management process.

We design and assess our cybersecurity program based on the CIS Controls and NIST Cybersecurity Framework (CSF). These frameworks provide us with a common language and structure for identifying, assessing, and managing cybersecurity risks across our organization. We do not claim to comply with any technical standards, specifications, or requirements by using these frameworks. They are guides that help us to deal with the cybersecurity risks that are relevant to our business.

Our cybersecurity program is integrated into our overall enterprise risk management program, and shares common methodologies, reporting channels and governance processes that apply across the enterprise risk management program to other legal, compliance, strategic, operational, and financial risk areas. To this end, we have implemented a cybersecurity program that includes the following elements:

Based on the information that we have to date, we have not identified risks from known cybersecurity threats, including any prior cybersecurity incidents, that have materially affected, including our operations, business strategy, results of operations, or financial condition. and, as of the date of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, the Company is not aware of any material risks from cybersecurity threats that are reasonably likely to do so. However, we cannot eliminate all risks from cybersecurity threats or provide assurances that the Company will not be materially affected by such risks in the future. There can be no guarantee that our policies, programs and controls, and those of our third-party vendors, including those described in this section, will be sufficient to protect our information, information systems or other property. Additional information on cybersecurity risks we face is discussed in Item 1A of Part I, “Risk Factors,” which should be read in conjunction with the foregoing information.

Risk Management and Strategy

While we follow IoT cybersecurity standards and regulations, our products and information systems are potentially subject to cyber risks of data leakage and operational damages. To protect our products and information systems from cybersecurity threats, we use various security tools that help prevent, identify, escalate, investigate, resolve and recover from identified vulnerabilities and security incidents in a timely manner. These include, but are not limited to, annual cyber testing, internal auditing, monitoring and detection tools, and a bug bounty program to allow security researchers to assist us in identifying vulnerabilities in our products before they are exploited by malicious threat actors. Any reported vulnerability is analyzed and reported to our Chief Information Security Officer ("CISO").

As part of our program to mitigate risk from cyber security threats, the Company actively evaluates and refines its cyber security tools and processes with the intention of reducing cyber security risks and aligning with the National Institute of Standards and Technology Cyber-security Framework for risk management. Features of our cybersecurity program include:

◦ Security events monitoring in our security operations center.

◦ Implementation of data loss prevention tools.

◦ Performing penetration testing on cloud and app platform.

Third Party Cybersecurity Oversight

We have implemented governance processes designed to monitor, evaluate, and mitigate security risks that may arise from a relationship with a third party vendor, partner, or customer. These security measures include:

We engaged a well-known external firm to audit our compliance with the European Union's NIS 2.0 Directive (the Directive on Security of Network and Information Systems). This audit is being conducted to confirm that our cybersecurity practices align with the latest regulatory requirements and best practices for managing the security of critical infrastructure and services. The Technology Committee receives periodic reports from management on our cybersecurity program and risks. In addition, management updates the Technology Committee, as necessary, regarding any material cybersecurity incidents, as well as any incidents with lesser impact potential. The Technology Committee reports to our Board regarding its risk management functions, including those related to cybersecurity.

Governance & Oversight

The Board has delegated primary oversight of the Company's risks from cybersecurity threats to the Technology Committee. Our management team, including our CISO, provides quarterly updates to our Technology Committee and annually to the full Board regarding our cyber security activities and other developments impacting our digital security. We have protocols by which certain cyber security incidents are escalated within the Company and, where appropriate, reported to the Board and Technology Committee in a timely manner.

At the management level, our CISO, who reports to our Chief Information Officer, is responsible for overseeing the assessment and management of our material risks from cyber security threats.Our CISO has extensive experience and knowledge in cyber security as a result of 27 years of experience in leading security teams, developing security strategies, and managing risk across various industries.The CISO is informed about and monitors the prevention, detection, mitigation, and remediation of cybersecurity incidents through reports from a number of experienced information security officers responsible for various parts of the business and regularly reviewing risk management measures implemented by the Company to identify and mitigate cyber security risks.

ITEM 2. Properties

Our corporate headquarters are located in Herziliya Pituach, Israel.

Leased Offices and R&D Laboratories

As of December 31, 2024, we lease office, testing, and product design facilities in Israel. In May 2021, we signed a long-term lease agreement for the development of a 38,000 square meter campus, to be built on 16,500 square meters of land, in the central area of Israel. The campus, which is scheduled to be completed in by the end of 2025, will replace our current headquarters in Herziliya, Israel.

In addition to our leased properties in Israel, we lease offices and lab facilities in California, Nevada, Germany, Netherlands, Italy, France, Australia, UK, Japan, India, Bulgaria, Belgium, Taiwan, Korea, Brazil, Spain, Sweden, Vietnam and Poland.

Manufacturing

We outsource most of our manufacturing to our manufacturing partners. We have our own manufacturing facility, Sella 1 (which property is leased), in the North of Israel, which is used in our solar segment. We also have our own manufacturing facility, Sella 2 in South Korea and own an additional smaller facility in South Korea, both of which are used in our Energy Storage segment. In November 2024, the Company announced that it is closing its Energy Storage segment. As such, Sella 2 is no longer operational. We also own manufacturing facilities in Umbria, Italy which currently are leased out in part and also used for support for remaining commitments of e-Mobility parts.

We believe that our existing properties are in good condition and are sufficient and suitable for the conduct of our business for the foreseeable future. To the extent our needs change as our business grows, we expect that additional space and facilities will be available on commercially reasonable terms.

ITEM 3. Legal Proceedings

On November 3, 2023, Daphne Shen, a purported stockholder of the Company, filed a proposed class action complaint for violation of federal securities laws, individually and putatively on behalf of all others similarly situated, in the U.S District Court of the Southern District of New York against the Company, the Company’s CEO and the Company’s CFO. The complaint alleges violations of Section 10(b) and Rule 10b-5 of the Exchange Act, as well as violations of Section 20(a) of the Exchange Act against the individual defendants. The complaint seeks class certification, damages, interest, attorneys’ fees, and other relief. On December 13, 2023, Javier Cascallar filed a similar proposed class action. On January 2, 2024, six purported lead plaintiffs filed motions in the Shen litigation seeking to consolidate the Cascallar and Shen litigations and appoint lead plaintiffs and lead counsel pursuant to the procedures of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995.

On February 7, 2024, the Court consolidated the two actions (the "Consolidated Securities Litigation"), and appointed co-lead plaintiffs (the “Plaintiffs”) and lead counsel. On April 22, 2024, the co-lead Plaintiffs filed an amended complaint adding two additional officers. The amended complaint made substantially similar allegations and claims. Defendants moved to dismiss the amended complaint on July 15, 2024 (the “Motion”), and the motion was fully briefed as of September 17, 2024. On December 4, 2024, the Court issued an order granting in part the Motion, dismissing all allegations except those relating to two purported misstatements, characterizing inventory levels as low. The Court allowed the Plaintiffs to again amend their complaint, and they filed a Second Amended Complaint on January 3, 2025. On February 10, 2025, Defendants moved to dismiss the Second Amended Complaint insofar as it attempts to resurrect any of the allegations dismissed in the Court’s December 4 order. Discovery remains stayed pending the Court’s ultimate decision on the motion to dismiss the Second Amended Complaint.

On March 15, 2024, Abdul Hirani filed a purported derivative complaint in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York against certain current and former SolarEdge executive officers and board members, including Zvi Lando, Ronen Faier, Nadav Zafrir, Betsy Atkins, Marcel Gani, Dana Gross, Dirk Hoke, Avery More, and Tal Payne. The Hirani complaint makes largely the same allegations as those in the abovementioned securities litigation, namely, that the Company failed to disclose information about SolarEdge’s inventory in Europe and cancellation rates from European distributors, which allegedly resulted in material misstatements about the Company’s business and prospects in its quarterly filings. The Hirani complaint contends that defendants’ role in allowing those alleged misstatements to be made constitutes (i) breach of fiduciary duty, (ii) aiding and abetting breach of fiduciary duty, (iii) unjust enrichment, (iv) waste of corporate assets, and (v) securities fraud under Section 10(b) of the Exchange Act. The complaint seeks compensatory and punitive damages, interest, attorneys’ fees, and other relief.

On June 10, 2024, Jonathan Blaufarb filed a second purported derivative complaint in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York against the same defendants as those named in the Hirani complaint as well as Lior Danziger and J.B. Lowe. The Blaufarb complaint makes largely the same allegations as those in the complaint in the abovementioned securities litigation and seeks declaratory relief, corporate governance reforms, damages, restitution, attorneys’ fees, and other relief. It also pleads the same counts as those in the Hirani complaint, as well as additional counts for abuse of control and gross mismanagement. Defendants accepted service of the Hirani and Blaufarb complaints via stipulation that was so-ordered on July 12, 2024, and the two cases were consolidated with the Hirani matter designated as the lead case. September 9, 2024 the parties agreed to stay the Hirani and Blaurarb actions pending a decision on the motion to dismiss in the Consolidated Securities Litigation. The parties have agreed to keep the stay in place pending a decision on the motion to dismiss the plaintiffs’ Second Amended Complaint in the Consolidated Securities Litigation.

On August 7, 2024, Edwin Isaac filed a purported derivative complaint in the United States District Court for the District of Delaware against the same defendants as those named in the Consolidated Derivative Actions. The Isaac complaint makes largely the same allegations as those in the Daphne Shen and Javier Cascallar cases. It also pleads the similar counts to those in the aforementioned securities claims, including (i) breach of fiduciary duty, (ii) contribution, (iii) violation of Section 14(a) of the Exchange Act and SEC Rule 14a-9, (iv) unjust enrichment, (v) waste of corporate assets, and (vi) aiding and abetting breach of fiduciary duty. The complaint seeks declaratory relief, damages, interest, unspecified equitable relief, attorneys’ fees, and other relief. The parties are conferring on service of process and a possible stay of proceedings pending resolution of the motion to dismiss in the consolidated securities litigation.

Due to the early stage of these proceedings, we cannot reasonably estimate the potential range of loss, if any, or the likelihood of a potential adverse outcome. The Company disputes the allegations of wrongdoing and intends to vigorously defend against them.

In August 2019, the Company was served with a lawsuit filed in the Tribunal of Milan, Italy against our Italian subsidiary SolarEdge e-Mobility S.r.l (previously SMRE S.p.A) that purchased the shares of SolarEdge e-Mobility s.r.l in the tender offer that followed the SolarEdge e-Mobility Acquisition by certain former shareholders of SolarEdge e-Mobility who tendered their shares. The lawsuit asked for damages of approximately $3 million, representing the difference between the amount for which they tendered their shares (6 Euro per share) and 6.7 Euros per share. On December 6, 2023, the courts of Milan rendered a decision ordering SolarEdge to pay, in favor of each plaintiff, the difference between the price paid (6 Euro per share) and 6.44 Euro per share, i.e. 0.44 euros per share for a total payment of approximately $1.6 million Euros. The Company has paid the amount due under the judgement and appealed this decision to a court of appeal. The first hearing was held on November 27, 2024, and the case was adjourned to January 14, 2026.

On January 13, 2025, Stellantis Europe s.p.a. ("Stellantis") submitted an application for injunctive relief, to the Court of Turin, Italy, claiming that SolarEdge e-Mobility was allegedly in breach of contract. The application for injunctive relief is aimed at obtaining the following interim measures: i) order the Company to resume supply of spare parts and technical assistance activities in favor of Stellantis; and ii) to order the Company to pay a penalty of 100,000 Euro for each day of delay in fulfilling the order above. The Company disputes the allegations of wrongdoing and intends to vigorously defend against them.

ITEM 4. Mine Safety Disclosures.

Not applicable.

PART II

ITEM 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity

Market Information

Our common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, trades on the Nasdaq Global Select Market, where prices are quoted under the symbol “SEDG”.

Holders of Record

As of December 31, 2024, there were 11 holders of record of our common stock. Because many of our shares of common stock are held by brokers and other institutions on behalf of stockholders, we are unable to estimate the total number of stockholders represented by these record holders.

Dividends

We have never declared or paid any dividends on our common stock. We currently intend to retain any future earnings to finance the operation and expansion of our business, and we do not expect to pay any dividends in the foreseeable future. Any future determination to declare cash dividends will be made at the discretion of our board of directors, subject to applicable laws and organizational documents.

Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities

None.

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

We did not purchase any shares of the Company’s common stock during the three months ended December 31, 2024.

On November 1, 2023, we announced the approval by the Board of Directors of a share repurchase program which authorizes the repurchase of up to $300 million of the Company’s common stock. Under the share repurchase program, which expired on December 31, 2024, repurchases can be made using a variety of methods, which may include open market purchases, block trades, privately negotiated transactions, accelerated share repurchase programs and/or a non-discretionary trading plan or other means, including through 10b5-1 trading plans, all in compliance with the rules of the SEC and other applicable legal requirements. The timing, manner, price and amount of any common share repurchases under the share repurchase program are determined by the Company in its discretion and depend on a variety of factors, including legal requirements, price and economic and market conditions. The program does not obligate the Company to acquire any amount of common stock, it may be suspended, extended, modified, discontinued or terminated at any time at the Company’s discretion without prior notice, and expired on December 31, 2024. During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company repurchased 753,364 shares of common stock from the open market at an average cost of $66.63 per share for a total of $50.2 million.

Performance Graph

The following graph compares the cumulative total shareholder return on our common stock for each year from December 31, 2019 to December 31, 2024 to that of the total return of the S&P 500 Index and the Invesco Solar ETF. This graph is furnished and not “filed” with the Securities and Exchange Commission or “soliciting material” under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and shall not be incorporated by reference into any such filings, irrespective of any general incorporation contained in such filing.

* The stock performance graph assumes for comparison that the value of the Company's common stock and of each index was $100 on December 31, 2019 and that all dividends were reinvested.

ITEM 6. Reserved

ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with the section of this Annual Report on Form 10-K captioned “Business” and our consolidated financial statements and the related notes to those statements included elsewhere in this Form 10-K. In addition to historical financial information, the following discussion and analysis contains forward looking statements that involve risks, uncertainties, and assumptions. Our actual results and timing of selected events may differ materially from those anticipated in these forward looking statements as a result of many factors, including those discussed under the sections of this Annual Report captioned “Special Note Regarding Forward Looking Statements” and “Risk Factors”. For discussion related to changes in financial condition and the results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2023 (including as compared to 2022), refer to Item 7- Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in our Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 26, 2024.

Overview

We develop, manufacture, and sell products that address a broad range of energy market segments through our diversified product offering, including residential, commercial and large scale photovoltaic or PV, energy storage and backup solutions, electric vehicle or EV charging capabilities, home energy management, grid services and virtual power plants, as well as products in our non-solar businesses including lithium-ion cells, batteries and energy storage systems, prior to October 2024, automation machines ("Automation Machines") and in prior years we also had product offerings for the e-mobility market. In October 2023, we decided to discontinue our LCV activity and the remaining e-mobility activity. Starting January 1, 2024, all e-mobility activity, which includes PV solutions are included under our solar segment. In October 2024, the Company completed the sale of Automation Machines. Additionally, in November 2024, the Company announced the closure of its Energy Storage Division, as part of its focus on its core solar activities

In the fourth quarter 2024 the Company identified one reportable segment: the Solar segment.

Further information regarding our business is provided in “Part I, Item 1. Business” of this Annual Report.

For the year ended December 31, 2024, one customer accounted for 12.9% of our revenues and our top three customers (all distributors) together represented 31.3% of our revenues.

Our revenues were $901.5 million and $2,976.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. For the year ended December 31, 2024 our gross loss was 97.3% as compared to gross profit of 23.6% for the year ended December 31, 2023. For the year ended December 31, 2024, our net loss was $1,806.4 million as compared to our net income of $34.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2023.

Performance Measures

In managing our business and assessing financial performance, we supplement the information provided by the financial statements with other operating metrics. These operating metrics are utilized by our management to evaluate our business, measure our performance, identify trends affecting our business and formulate projections. We use metrics relating to shipments of inverters, power optimizers and megawatts to evaluate our sales performance and to track market acceptance of our products. We use metrics relating to monitoring (systems monitored) to evaluate market acceptance of our products and usage of our solution.

We provide the “megawatts shipped” and "megawatt hours shipped" metrics, which are calculated based on inverter or battery nameplate capacity shipped respectively, to show adoption of our system on a nameplate capacity basis. Nameplate capacity shipped is the maximum rated power output capacity of an inverter or battery, and corresponds to our financial results in that higher total nameplate capacities shipped are generally associated with higher total revenues. However, revenues may increase in a non-correlated manner to the "megawatt shipped" metric since other products such as Power Optimizers, are not accounted for in this metric.

Year ended December 31,

Megawatt hours shipped - batteries for PV applications 576 744

1Excluding batteries for PV applications, based on the aggregate nameplate capacity of inverters shipped during the applicable period.

Global Circumstances Influencing our Business and Operations

Demand for Products

We have seen a slowdown in demand for our products in our Solar segment from our direct customers since the second part of the third quarter of 2023 and throughout 2024. This was a result of slowed market demand in the third quarter of 2023 and throughout 2024 as distributors began to take actions to reduce inventory levels. In particular, beginning in the second part of the third quarter of 2023, we experienced substantial unexpected cancellations and push outs of existing backlog from our European distributors. We attribute these cancellations and pushouts to high inventory in the channels and slower than expected installation rates both in the United States and to a greater extent in Europe. This trend continued in the subsequent quarters, throughout 2024. Additionally, the Company anticipates that this trend will continue in the first quarter of 2025, as our inventory destocking process continues.

Disruptions due to the war in Israel

Due to the war that began on October 7, 2023, some of our employees in Israel were called to active reserve duty and additional employees may be called in the future, if needed. In the year ended December 31, 2024 approximately 319 or 13% of our employees in Israel have been called to active reserve duty for varying periods. While our offices and facilities are open worldwide, including in Israel, and, to date, we have not had disruptions to our ability to manufacture and deliver products and services to customers. Although the situation is somewhat stabilized due to ceasefires between Israel and Hamas, as well as Israel and Hezbollah, an escalation of the current conflicts in Israel could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations. Due to the ongoing and evolving nature of the conflict in Israel, and the extent of these events, the adverse effect on our business operations is still unknown.

The majority of our key employees and officers are residents of Israel. If any of our facilities in Israel were to be damaged, destroyed or otherwise rendered unable to operate, whether due to war, acts of hostility, earthquakes, fire, floods, storms,other natural disasters, employee malfeasance, terrorist acts, power outages or otherwise, or if performance of our research and development is disrupted for any other reason, such an event could delay commercialization of our products, and if we choose to manufacture all or any part of them internally, jeopardize our ability to manufacture our products as promptly as our prospective customers will likely expect, or possibly at all. If we experience delays in achieving our development objectives within a timeframe that meets our prospective customers’ expectations, our business, prospects, financial results and reputation could be harmed.

Impact of Ukraine’s Conflict on the Energy Landscape

The conflict between Ukraine and Russia, which started in early 2022, and the sanctions and other measures imposed in response to this conflict, have increased the level of economic and political uncertainty. While we do not have any meaningful business in Russia or Ukraine and we do not have physical assets in these countries, this conflict has, and is likely to continue to have, a multidimensional impact on the global economy, the energy landscape in general and the global supply chain. While the impact of this conflict continued to decreased in 2024, an escalation of this ongoing conflict could lead to an adverse effect on our business and results of operations.

Inflation Reduction Act

In August 2022, the U.S. government enacted the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 (the “IRA”), which includes several provisions intended to accelerate U.S. manufacturing and adoption of clean energy, battery and energy storage, electrical vehicles, and other solar products and is expected to impact our business and operations. As part of such incentives, the IRA, among other things, extends the investment tax credit and production tax credit through 2034 and is therefore expected to increase the demand for solar products. The IRA also further incentivizes residential and commercial solar customers and developers through the inclusion of a tax credit for qualifying energy projects of up to 30%. Section 45X of the IRA offers advanced manufacturing production tax credits ("AMPTC") that incentivize the production of eligible components within the U.S. To that end, we established manufacturing capabilities in the U.S. in 2023. These provisions of the law are new and regulations and guidance concerning their implementation are gradually being published by the U.S. Treasury Department. On October 24, 2024, final regulations concerning the application of IRC §45X were published. The regulations contain detailed rules concerning the eligibility, qualifying and accounting for AMPTCs. Of particular relevance to the Company are the rules concerning the qualification and measurement of AMPTCs to Residential Inverters, Commercial Inverters and DC-Optimized Inverter Systems, that are included in the definition of Microinverters. In 2024 we sold a significant part of the AMPTCs we generated from our U.S. production of eligible components.

In January 2025, the new U.S. administration issued executive orders aimed at pausing grants and other government funding that have not already been dispersed to under the IRA, creating uncertainty regarding the ability to secure government awards and grants. This potential loss of financial support could adversely impact our business, and potentially the overall financial performance of the Company.

Key Components of Our Results of Operations

The following discussion describes certain line items in our Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Revenues

We generate revenues from the sale of DC optimized inverter systems for solar PV installations, which include power optimizers, inverters, storage and backup solutions, EV chargers, smart energy devices, our cloud-based monitoring platform, extended warranty for our products and grid services. Our customer base mainly includes distributors, large solar installers, wholesalers, and EPCs. In addition, we also generated revenues from the sale of lithium-ion cells, batteries and energy storage solutions and automation machines.

Our revenues from the sale of solar-related products are affected by changes in the volume and average selling prices of our DC optimized inverter systems. The volume and average selling price of our systems is driven by the supply and demand for our products, changes in the product mix between our residential and commercial products, the customer mix between large and small customers, the geographical mix of our sales, sales incentives, end user government incentives, seasonality, and competitive product offerings. Revenues from the sale of lithium-ion cells, batteries, energy storage system or ESS products, are affected by the type of product sold (cell, battery or system) and the type of battery that is sold.

Our revenue growth is dependent on our ability to expand our market share in each of the geographies in which we compete, expand and retain our global footprint to new evolving markets, manage our production capabilities to meet demand, continue to develop and introduce new and innovative products that address the changing technology and performance requirements of our customers and expand of the new businesses we acquired.

In the year ended December 31, 2024, 42.1% of our revenues were generated from the United States, 35.8% of our revenues were generated from Europe, and 22.1% of our revenues were generated from the rest of the world ("ROW"). In the year ended December 31, 2023, 64.0% of our revenues were generated from Europe, 25.5% of our revenues were generated from the United States and 10.5% of our revenues were generated from ROW.

Cost of Revenues and Gross Profit

Cost of revenues consists primarily of product costs, including purchases from our contract manufacturers and other suppliers, as well as costs related to shipping, customer support, product warranty, personnel, depreciation of testing and manufacturing equipment, amortization of intangible assets and other fixed costs, provision for losses related to slow moving and dead inventory, hosting services for our cloud based monitoring platform, variable utility costs, operational costs related to the manufacturing factories, other logistics services, and contract termination costs, partially offset by AMPTCs we are entitled to under IRA. Our product costs are affected by technological innovations, such as advances in semiconductor integration and new product introductions, economies of scale resulting in lower component costs, improvements in production processes and automation, the volume of products subject to import tariffs (for example, for imports from China to the U.S.) and the volume of products for which manufacturing credits are available (for example, for products made in the U.S.). Some of these costs, primarily personnel, amortization of intangible assets and depreciation of testing and manufacturing equipment, are not directly affected by sales volume.

In November 2024, the Company announced its decision to cease all activities in its Energy Storage Division. As such, SolarEdge is currently in the process of closing down its operations in South Korea, including at Sella 2.

Cost of revenues also includes our operations, production and support departments’ costs. The operations and production departments are responsible for production management such as planning, procurement, supply chain, production methodologies and machinery planning, logistics management and manufacturing support to our contract manufacturers, as well as the quality assurance of our products. Our support department provides customer and technical support at various levels through our call centers around the world as well as second and third-level support services, which are provided by support personnel located in our headquarters. Our employees headcount in our operations, production and support departments has reduced to 1,804 as of December 31, 2024 from 2,857 as of December 31, 2023.

In October of 2023, the Company made an announcement regarding its restructuring plans to adjust its manufacturing capacity and increase operating efficiency, including, terminating the manufacturing process in Mexico, reducing manufacturing capacity in China, and discontinuing the Company’s LCV e-Mobility activity, and on January 21, 2024, the Company announced adoption of additional measures in response to challenging industry conditions, including reducing its headcount by approximately 900 over the first half of 2024 through involuntary workforce reduction plans, followed by an additional involuntary workforce reduction in July 2024 resulting in the layoff of approximately 400 employees (together, the “Restructuring Plans”). These decisions were made in order to better align the Company with current market conditions.

On November 27, 2024, the Company announced the closure of its Energy Storage Division. Under the closure, the Company expects to reduce its headcount by approximately 500 employees, primarily employees working in manufacturing positions in South Korea. In connection with this closure and associated headcount reduction, almost all of the employee population will be dismissed over the first half of 2025.

Gross profit (loss) may vary from quarter to quarter and is primarily affected by our average selling prices, product costs, manufacturing ramp-up costs, restructuring costs, product mix, customer mix, geographical mix, location of manufacturing, shipping method, warranty costs, inventory write-offs, exchange rates and seasonality.

Operating Expenses

Operating expenses consist of research and development, sales and marketing, general and administrative, goodwill impairment and other operating expenses, net. Personnel-related costs are a significant component of the operating expenses and include salaries, benefits, payroll taxes, commissions, severance and stock-based compensation. Our employees headcount in our research and development, sales and marketing and general and administrative departments, has reduced to 2,157 as of December 31, 2024 from 2,776 as of December 31, 2023. Under the 2024 and 2025 Restructuring Plans described above, our headcount will be further reduced over the first half of 2025.

Research and development expenses

Research and development expenses include personnel-related expenses such as salaries, severance, benefits, stock-based compensation and payroll taxes. Our research and development employees are engaged in the design and development of power electronics, semiconductors, software, power-line communications, networking and chemistry. Our research and development expenses also include third-party design and consulting costs, materials for testing and evaluation, ASIC development and licensing costs, depreciation and amortization expenses, and other indirect costs. We devote substantial resources to ongoing research and development programs that focus on enhancements to, and cost efficiencies in, our existing products and timely development of new products that utilize technological innovation, thereby maintaining our competitive position.

Sales and marketing expenses

Sales and marketing expenses consist primarily of personnel-related expenses such as salaries, severance, sales commissions, benefits, payroll taxes, and stock-based compensation. These expenses also include travel, fees of independent consultants, trade shows, marketing, costs associated with the operation of our sales offices and other indirect costs. We currently have a sales presence in many countries worldwide. We may either continue to expand our sales presence to additional regions or reduce our presence in certain regions, globally.

General and administrative expenses

General and administrative expenses consist primarily of salaries, severance, employee benefits and stock-based compensation related to our executives, finance, human resources, information technology, and legal organizations, travel expenses, facilities costs, fees for professional services, and registration fees related to being a publicly-traded company. Professional services consist of audit and legal costs, remuneration to board members, insurance, information technology and other costs. General and administrative expenses also include expenses related to certain legal claims and provision for expected credit losses in the event of uncollectible account receivables balances.

Other operating expenses, net

Other operating expenses, net, consist primarily of impairment and abandonment of long-lived assets, as well as goodwill impairment assigned to our reporting units and tested for impairment at least on an annual basis and certain other nonrecurring items.

Non Operating Expenses

Financial income (expense), net

Financial income (expense), net, consists primarily of interest income, interest expense, gains or losses from foreign currency fluctuations, credit loss related to loans receivable and hedging transactions.

Interest income consists of interest from our investment in available for sale marketable securities, deposits, loans to third parties and accretion of discounts related to our investment in available for sale marketable securities.

Interest expense consists of interest related to bank loans, advance payments received for performance obligations that extend for a period greater than one year, related to Accounting Standard Codification 606, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers” (ASC 606), interest related to Accounting Standard Codification 842, “Leases” (ASC 842), amortization of premium related to our investment in available for sale marketable securities, the amortization of debt issuance cost associated with our Notes due 2025 and 2029 as well as the contractual interest expenses from our Notes due 2029.

Our functional currency is the U.S. dollar. With respect to certain of our subsidiaries, the functional currency is the applicable local currency. Financial income (expenses), net, also consists of gains or losses from foreign currency fluctuations, the fair value remeasurement of hedging contracts not designated as cash flow hedge and bank charges. Foreign currency fluctuations primarily consist of the effect of foreign exchange differences between the U.S. dollar and the New Israeli Shekel, the Euro, and other currencies related to our monetary assets and liabilities.

Other income (loss)

Other income (loss) consists primarily of realized and unrealized gains and losses on investments in privately-held companies and realized gains and losses on investment in available for sale marketable securities.

Income taxes

We are subject to income taxes in the countries where we operate.

In the year ended December 31, 2024, we recorded a net income tax expense of $96.2 million, which consists of a $79.2 million of deferred tax expense and $16.9 million current income tax expense. In the year ended December 31, 2023, we recorded a net income tax expense of $46.4 million, which consists of a $89.5 million current income tax expense and a $43.1 million deferred tax income. Our tax rate for 2024 is a negative 6% compared with 57% in 2023. The change in effective tax rate for the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to the year ended December 31, 2023, is mainly due our transition to a significant loss position in 2024 and the valuation allowance recorded against the tax benefit of such loss, as well as the valuation allowance booked against deferred tax assets of the company and its subsidiaries from previous years.

On December 22, 2017, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the "Tax Act") was signed into law, making significant changes to U.S. income tax law. These changes include, but are not limited to, a corporate tax rate decrease from 35% to 21% effective for tax years 2018 onwards and created new taxes on certain foreign-sourced earnings (including tax on Global Intangible Low Taxed Income (“GILTI”) and certain related-party payments. The Tax Act also amended Section 174 of the U.S Internal Revenue Code, effective from January 1, 2022, eliminating the option to deduct research and development expenditures currently and requiring taxpayers to amortize them over five years (if incurred in the U.S.) or fifteen years (if incurred outside the U.S.).

Furthermore, the Tax Act required the Company to pay U.S. income taxes on accumulated foreign subsidiaries earnings not previously subject to U.S. income tax at a rate of 15.5% to the extent of foreign cash and certain other net current assets, and 8% on the remaining earnings. The total tax liability will be paid over the eight-year period provided in the Tax Act (ending 2025).

The new U.S. administration has identified potential changes to U.S. tax policy, which could include lowering the corporate tax rate, modifying other corporate tax adjustments, or eliminating other deductions, tax credits, or other tax preferences. We continue to monitor how any changes could affect our business.

SolarEdge Technologies Ltd., our Israeli Subsidiary, is taxed under Israeli law. Income not eligible for benefits under the Investments Law is taxed at the corporate tax rate. The Israeli corporate tax rate is 23%.

Our Israeli Subsidiary elected tax year 2012 as a ”Year of Election” for “Benefited Enterprise” under the Israeli Investments Law, which provides certain benefits, including tax exemptions and reduced tax rates. Upon meeting the requirements under the Israeli Investments Law, the two-year tax exemption has ended on December 31, 2018.

The Investment Law was amended in 2005 and was further amended as of January 1, 2011 and in August 2013 (the “2011 Amendment”). The 2011 Amendment canceled the availability of the benefits granted in accordance with the provisions of the Investments Law prior to 2011 and, instead, introduced new benefits for income generated by a “Preferred Company” through its “Preferred Enterprise” (both as defined in the 2011 Amendment). Under the 2011 Amendment, income derived by Preferred Companies from Preferred Enterprise would be subject to a uniform rate of corporate tax. The tax rate applicable to such income, referred to as “Preferred Income”, would be 7.5% in areas in Israel that are designated as Development Zone A and 16% elsewhere in Israel starting in the year 2017 and thereafter. Our Israeli Subsidiary has established its own manufacturing facility in Israel, located in a Development Zone A, therefore income from manufacturing attributed to that facility is subject to a 7.5% tax rate.

In December 2016, Amendment 73 to the Investments Law (the “2017 Amendment”) was published. According to the 2017 Amendment, special tax tracks for technological enterprises have been introduced, which are subject to rules that were issued by the Israeli Ministry of Finance. A Preferred Technological Enterprise (PTE), as defined in the 2017 Amendment, that is located in the central region of Israel, will be subject to a tax at a rate of 12% on profits deriving from intellectual property, or 6% if its annual revenues exceed New Israeli Shekel 10 billion.

On June 14, 2017, the Encouragement of Capital Investments Regulations (Preferred Technological Income and Capital Gain for Technological Enterprise), 2017 (the “Regulations”) were published. The Regulations describe, inter alia, the mechanism used to determine the calculation of the benefits under the PTE regime. A company that complies with the terms under the PTE regime, may be entitled to certain tax benefits with respect to certain income generated during the company’s regular course of business and derived from the preferred intangible asset.

As of January 2019, our Israeli Subsidiary elected to implement the 2011 and 2017 Amendments starting as of tax year 2019 and as a result, under the PTE regime with respect to our business activities in Israel. Our PTE income was subject to a 12% tax rate in Israel in the years 2019-2021, and in 2022-2023 to a 6% tax rate as we surpassed 10 billion New Israeli Shekel revenues threshold. In 2024, the Company incurred losses for tax purposes.

The Law for the Encouragement of Industry (Taxes), 1969, (the “Industry Encouragement Law”), provides certain tax benefits for an ‘Industrial Company’ as such term is defined in the Industry Encouragement Law. An Industrial Company is entitled to certain tax benefits including, inter alia, amortization over an eight-year period of the cost of purchased know-how, patents and accelerated depreciation rates on equipment and buildings. We qualify as an Industrial Company under the Law and benefit from its provisions as applicable.

Loss from equity method investments

Loss from equity method investments consists of our proportionate share of the net income or loss of equity method investments.

Results of Operations

The following tables set forth our consolidated statements of income for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023. We have derived this data from our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report. This information should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this Annual Report. The results of historical periods are not necessarily indicative of the results of operations for any future period.

Comparison of year ended December 31, 2024 and year ended December 31, 2023

(In thousands)

Operating expenses:

Revenues

(In thousands)

Revenues decreased by $2,075.1 million, or 69.7%, in the year ended December 31, 2024, as compared to the year ended December 31, 2023, primarily due to (i) a decrease of $1,713.9 million related to a decrease in the number of inverters and power optimizers sold; (ii) a decrease of $187.8 million related to the number of batteries for PV applications sold, mainly in Europe; (iii) a decrease of $81.8 million in the amount of ancillary solar products sold; and (iv) a decrease of $66.0 million in revenues generated from e-mobility components, related to the discontinuation of the Company’s LCV e-Mobility activity. The overall decrease in revenues was due to a decline in demand that began in the second part of the third quarter of 2023. This decline was the result of high inventory in the channels and slower than expected installation rates, leading to substantial unexpected cancellations and push outs of existing backlog, from our distributors.

Revenues from outside of the U.S. comprised 57.9% of our revenues in the year ended December 31, 2024 as compared to 74.5% in the year ended December 31, 2023.

The number of power optimizers recognized as revenues decreased by approximately 10.8 million units, or 62.0%, from approximately 17.5 million units in the year ended December 31, 2023, to approximately 6.6 million units in the year ended December 31, 2024. The number of inverters recognized as revenues, decreased by approximately 770.1 thousand units, or 75.8%, from approximately 1,015.8 thousand units in the year ended December 31, 2023 to approximately 245.7 thousand units in the year ended December 31, 2024. The megawatt hours of batteries for PV applications recognized as revenues decreased by approximately 181.2 megawatts hour, or 24.6% from approximately 737.4 megawatts in the year ended December 31, 2023 to approximately 556.2 megawatts in the year ended December 31, 2024, as a result of lower demand.

SEDG US Equity

SEDG · 10-K · period ended 2024-12-31

ITEM 1A. Risk Factors

ITEM 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments.

ITEM 1C. Cybersecurity

ITEM 2. Properties

ITEM 3. Legal Proceedings

ITEM 4. Mine Safety Disclosures.

ITEM 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity

ITEM 6. Reserved

ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

SEDG US Equity☆

SEDG · 10-K · period ended 2024-12-31

ITEM 1A. Risk Factors

ITEM 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments.

ITEM 1C. Cybersecurity

ITEM 2. Properties

ITEM 3. Legal Proceedings

ITEM 4. Mine Safety Disclosures.

ITEM 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity

ITEM 6. Reserved

ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

SEDG US Equity