RSI · Read the filing

ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with, and is qualified in its entirety by, our consolidated financial statements and the related notes thereto included elsewhere in this Annual Report. In addition to historical financial information, the following discussion and analysis contains forward-looking statements that involve risks, uncertainties and assumptions. Our actual results and timing of selected events may differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of

many factors, including those discussed under the sections of this Annual Report captioned “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” and “Risk Factors.”

This Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (this “MD&A”) contains certain financial measures, in particular the presentation of Adjusted EBITDA, which are not presented in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles of the United States (“GAAP”). We present these non-GAAP financial measures because they provide us and readers of this MD&A with additional insight into our operational performance relative to earlier periods and relative to our competitors. These non-GAAP financial measures are not a substitute for any GAAP financial information. Readers of this MD&A should use these non-GAAP financial measures only in conjunction with the comparable GAAP financial measures. Reconciliations of Adjusted EBITDA to Net Loss, the most comparable GAAP measure, are provided in this MD&A.

Unless the context requires otherwise, all references in this MD&A to the “Company,” “we,” “us,” or “our” refer to the Rush Street Interactive, Inc. and its subsidiaries.

Our Business

We are a leading online gaming and entertainment company that focuses primarily on online casino and online sports betting in the U.S., Canadian and Latin American markets. Our mission is to engage and delight players by delivering friendly, fun and fair betting experiences. In furtherance of this mission, we strive to create an online community for our customers where we are transparent and honest, treat our customers fairly, show them that we value their time and loyalty, and listen to feedback. We also endeavor to implement industry leading responsible gaming practices and provide our customers with a cutting-edge online gaming platform and exciting, personalized offerings that will enhance their user experience.

We provide our customers with an array of leading gaming offerings such as real-money online casino, online sports betting and retail sports betting (i.e., sports betting services provided at bricks-and-mortar locations), as well as social gaming, which involves free-to-play games using virtual credits that users can earn or purchase. We launched our first social gaming website in 2015 and began accepting real-money bets in the United States in 2016. Currently, we offer real-money online casino, online sports betting and/or retail sports betting in 15 U.S. states and the three international markets as outlined in the table below.

Jurisdiction Online Casino Online SportsBetting Retail SportsBetting

Domestic:

Arizona ü

Colorado ü

Delaware ü ü

Illinois ü ü

Indiana ü ü

Iowa ü

Louisiana ü

Maryland ü ü

Michigan ü ü ü

New Jersey ü ü

New York ü ü

Ohio ü

Pennsylvania ü ü ü

Virginia ü ü

West Virginia ü ü

International:

Colombia ü ü

Ontario (Canada) ü ü

Mexico ü ü

Our real-money online casino and online sports betting offerings are generally provided under our BetRivers and PlaySugarHouse brands in the United States and Canada and under our RushBet brand in Latin America (which includes Mexico). We operate and/or support retail sports betting for our bricks-and-mortar partners under our brands or our partners’ respective brands depending on the terms of our arrangement. Many of our social gaming offerings are marketed under our own brands, although we also offer social gaming under our partners’ brands as well. Our decision about what brand or brands to use is market- and partner-specific, and is based on brand awareness, market research, marketing efficiency and applicable gaming rules and regulations.

Our Business Model

We enter new markets by leveraging our proprietary online gaming platform and our ability to provide either a full-suite service model or a customized solution to fit a specific situation. Our business model is designed to be nimble, innovative and customer-centric. By leveraging our dynamic proprietary online gaming platform, we generally aim to be “first to market” where real-money online gaming has been newly legalized and where our management determines that it is desirable to enter such market.

We currently generate revenue through two operating models: (i) B2C and (ii) B2B. Through our primary operating model, B2C, we offer online casino, online sports betting, retail sports betting and social gaming directly to the end customer through our websites, apps or physical retail locations. Our B2C operations contributed more than 98% of our total revenue for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, and we expect that it will continue to be our primary operating model into the future. While real-money B2C transactions represent a majority of our revenue, our social gaming offerings generally increase customer engagement and build online databases in key markets both before and after legalization and regulation. We believe our B2C model is flexible, permitting us to customize our operating structure based on applicable gaming regulations, market demands and, as applicable, our partner’s operations. Through our B2B operations, we offer retail sports betting services to land-based businesses, such as bricks-and-mortar casinos, in exchange for a monthly commission. B2C and B2B products can be launched under one of our existing brands or customized to be incorporated into a local or third-party brand.

Often in advance of markets legalizing online gaming, we build relationships with local bricks-and-mortar casino operators and other potential land-based partners who are seeking online gaming and sports betting partners. In most U.S. jurisdictions, the applicable gaming regulations require online gaming operators that offer real-money offerings to operate under the gaming license of, or partner with, a bricks-and-mortar casino, lottery or other type of local partner such as a professional sports team. Consequently, we leverage our relationships with bricks-and-mortar casinos and others in the gaming industry to find high-quality, reliable partners for online gaming collaboration. Upon securing a partner for access to a specific market (if required or desirable) and before we launch operations in that market, we customize our online gaming platform to comply with the laws and regulations of the jurisdiction. Then, upon entering a new market, we employ a number of marketing strategies to obtain new customers as well as leverage our partner’s database when applicable. We continuously refine our offerings and marketing strategies based on data collected from each market. To attract, engage, retain and/or reactivate customers, we offer a loyalty program that rewards customers in exciting, fair and transparent ways. We recognize and reward customer loyalty by, among other things, ensuring there are exciting benefits at every customer loyalty level we offer.

Trends in Key Metrics

Monthly Active Users

MAUs is the number of unique users per month who have placed at least one real-money bet across one or more of our online casino or online sports betting offerings. For periods longer than one month, we average the MAUs for the months in the relevant period. We exclude users who have made a deposit but have not yet placed a real-money bet on at least one of our online offerings. We also exclude users who have placed a real-money bet but only with promotional incentives.

MAUs is a key indicator of the scale of our user base and awareness of our brands. We believe that year-over-year MAUs is also generally indicative of the long-term revenue growth potential of our business, although MAUs in individual periods may be less indicative of our longer-term expectations. We expect the number of MAUs to grow as we attract, retain and re-engage users in new and existing jurisdictions and expand our offerings to appeal to a wider audience.

The chart below presents our average MAUs in the United States and Canada for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021:

The year-over-year increase in MAUs in the United States and Canada for 2023 compared to 2022 was mainly due to our continued growth and strong customer retention rates in existing markets. Additionally, we continue to achieve a positive response from our strategic advertising and marketing efforts.

The year-over-year increase in MAUs in the United States and Canada for 2022 compared to 2021 was mainly due to our continued growth and strong customer retention rates in existing markets such as Pennsylvania, Illinois, Michigan and

New Jersey, as well as our expansion into new markets such as New York, Ontario (Canada), Louisiana and Maryland. Additionally, we continue to achieve a positive response from our strategic advertising and marketing efforts.

The chart below presents our average MAUs in Latin America (including Mexico) for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021:

The year-over-year increase in MAUs in Latin America for 2023 compared to 2022 was mainly due to our continued growth and strong customer retention rates in Colombia and Mexico, as well as it being the first full year of operations in Mexico. Additionally, we continue to achieve a positive response from our strategic advertising and marketing effort.

The year-over-year increase in MAUs in Latin America for 2022 compared to 2021 was mainly due to our continued growth and strong customer retention rates in Colombia, as well as our expansion into Mexico. Additionally, we continue to achieve a positive response from our strategic advertising and marketing efforts.

Average Revenue Per Monthly Active User

ARPMAU for an applicable period is monthly revenue divided by average MAUs. This key metric represents our ability to drive usage and monetization of our online offerings.

The chart below presents our ARPMAU in the United States and Canada for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021:

The year-over-year increase in ARPMAU in the United States and Canada for 2023 compared to 2022 was mainly due to our continued operations in markets that launched during 2022 where we offer online casino in addition to online sports betting, the impact of our strategic advertising and marketing efforts in other markets where we offer online casino and our focus on retaining quality players.

The year-over-year decrease in ARPMAU in the United States and Canada for 2022 compared to 2021 was mainly due to an increase in the number of sports betting-only markets such as New York, Louisiana and Maryland, which, when combined with our increased promotional and advertising activities in those markets, resulted in an increase in the number of customers in sports betting-only markets. Sports betting-only customers generally generate less revenue per customer than customers who use online casino. This year-over-year decrease in ARPMAUs was partially offset by decreased customer bonusing volumes in existing markets and the addition of the Ontario (Canada) market, which includes casino operations.

The chart below presents our ARPMAU in Latin America (including Mexico) for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021:

The year-over-year decrease in ARPMAU in Latin America for 2023 compared to 2022 was mainly due to negative impact of foreign exchange rate changes. This was partly offset by the positive impact of our continued strategic advertising and marketing efforts and our focus on retaining quality players.

The year-over-year increase in ARPMAU in Latin America for 2022 compared to 2021 was mainly due to our strategic advertising and marketing efforts in Colombia, focus on acquiring quality players in Mexico which launched in 2022, and ability to retain players.

Non-GAAP Information

This MD&A includes Adjusted EBITDA, which is a non-GAAP performance measure that we use to supplement our results presented in accordance with GAAP. We believe Adjusted EBITDA provides useful information to investors regarding our results of operations and operating performance, as it is similar to measures reported by our public competitors and is regularly used by securities analysts, institutional investors and other interested parties in analyzing operating performance and prospects. Non-GAAP financial measures are not intended to be considered in isolation or as a substitute for any GAAP financial measures and, as calculated, may not be comparable to other similarly titled measures of performance of other companies in other industries or within the same industry.

We define Adjusted EBITDA as net income (loss) before interest expense, income taxes, depreciation and amortization, share-based compensation, adjustments for certain one-time or non-recurring items and other adjustments. Adjusted EBITDA excludes certain expenses that are required in accordance with GAAP because certain expenses are either non-cash (i.e., depreciation and amortization, and share-based compensation) or are not related to our underlying business performance (i.e., interest income or expense).

We include Adjusted EBITDA because management uses it to evaluate our core operating performance and trends and to make strategic decisions regarding the distribution of capital and new investments. Management believes that Adjusted EBITDA provides investors with useful information on our past financial and operating performance, enables comparison of financial results from period-to-period where certain items may vary independent of business performance, and allows for greater transparency with respect to metrics used by our management in operating our business. Management also believes that Adjusted EBITDA is useful in evaluating our operating performance compared to that of other companies in our industry, as this metric generally eliminates the effects of certain items that may vary from company to company for reasons unrelated to overall operating performance.

The table below presents our Adjusted EBITDA reconciled from our Net loss, the most directly comparable GAAP measure, for the periods indicated:

Years Ended December 31,

Change in fair value of earnout interests liability — — 13,740

Change in fair value of warrant liabilities — — (41,802)

Key Factors Affecting Our Results

Our financial position and results of operations depend, to a significant extent on the following factors:

Industry Opportunity and Competitive Landscape

We operate within the global gaming and entertainment industry, which is comprised of diverse products and offerings that compete for consumers’ time and disposable income. As we prepare to enter new jurisdictions, we expect to face significant competition from other existing industry players, some of which may have more experience in online casino, and online and/or retail sports betting or in one or more of the markets in which we operate or intend to operate, and have access to more resources. We believe that our proprietary online gaming platform, our experience operating in domestic and foreign jurisdictions, our brand and marketing strategies, which appeal to both male and female customers, and our many unique product offerings and bonusing features will enable us to compete with such existing industry players.

Our performance may vary from one jurisdiction to the next, resulting from the level of competition in each jurisdiction.

Legalization, Regulation and Taxation

Our financial growth prospects largely depend on our ability to make our online casino and sports betting offerings available in more jurisdictions, with particular emphasis on the United States and Latin America, a trend that we believe is still in its early stage. Online casino may expand further due to many factors, including that many U.S. states and foreign jurisdictions are seeking ways to increase revenues. In the United States, online sports betting’s prospects were made possible after the U.S. Supreme Court struck down PASPA in May 2018. Our strategy is to enter new jurisdictions that we believe are financially prudent for us to enter. Online casino is currently authorized only in seven U.S. states: Connecticut, Delaware, Michigan, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, West Virginia and Nevada (although regulators have not authorized online casino outside of physical casinos in Nevada). As of the date hereof, 39 states and the District of Columbia have authorized sports betting. Of those 40 jurisdictions, 31 states have authorized statewide online sports betting while 9 remain authorized for retail-only at casinos or retail locations. In Latin America, several countries, including Brazil and Peru, are either exploring legalizing, expanding or regulating online casino and/or online sports betting, or have recently legalized these activities.

The process of securing the necessary licenses or partnerships to operate in a given jurisdiction may take longer than we anticipate. In addition, legislative or regulatory restrictions and gaming taxes may make it less attractive or more difficult for us to do business in a particular jurisdiction. Further, certain jurisdictions require us to have a relationship with a bricks-and-mortar casino or other land-based partner for online casino and/or sports betting access, which tends to increase our costs of revenue. Jurisdictions that have established state or government-run monopolies may limit opportunities for private operators such as us.

States, foreign jurisdictions and some local governments impose tax rates on online casino and sports betting, which may vary substantially between jurisdictions and may change from time to time, usually because on factors outside our

control. We are also subject to a U.S. federal excise tax of 0.25% on the amount of each sports bet placed in the United States. We believe the jurisdictions that will create the most compelling levels of profitability for us are jurisdictions with both online casino and sports betting at favorable tax rates.

Ability to Acquire, Retain and Monetize Customers

Our ability to effectively market is critical to operational success. Using experience, dynamic learnings and analytics, we leverage marketing to acquire, convert, retain and/or re-engage customers. We use a variety of earned media and paid marketing channels, in combination with compelling offers, brand ambassadors, proprietary content, and unique game and site features, to attract and engage customers. Furthermore, we continuously optimize our marketing spend using data collected from our operations. Our marketing spend is based on a return-on-investment model that considers a variety of factors, including the product offerings in the jurisdiction, local advertising rules, the performance of different marketing channels, predicted lifetime value, marginal costs and expenses and behavior of customers across various product offerings.

With respect to paid marketing, we use a broad array of advertising channels, including television, radio, social media platforms, sponsorships, affiliates and paid search, and other digital channels. We also use other forms of marketing and outreach, such as our social media channels, first-party websites, media interviews and other media spots and organic searches. These efforts are concentrated within the specific jurisdictions where we operate or intend to operate. We believe there is significant benefit to having a flexible approach to advertising spending as we can quickly redirect our advertising spending based on dynamic testing of which advertising methods and channels are working and which ones are not.

These investments and personalized promotions are intended to increase consumer awareness and drive engagement. While we have some data points of the effectiveness of our marketing and promotion activities, our limited operating history and the relative novelty of the U.S. online casino and sports betting industries make it difficult for us to predict when we will achieve our longer-term profitability objectives.

Managing Wagering Risk

The online casino and retail and online sports betting businesses are characterized by an element of chance. Accordingly, we employ theoretical win rates to estimate what a certain type of online casino wager or retail or online sports bet, on average, will win or lose in the long run. Revenue is impacted by variations in the hold percentage (the ratio of our winnings to total amount bet) of our offerings. We use the hold percentage as an indicator of an online casino game or retail or online sports bet’s performance against its expected outcome. Although each bet generally performs within a defined statistical range of outcomes in the long run, actual outcomes may vary for any given period, particularly in the short term. The element of chance may affect win rates (hold percentages); these win rates, particularly for retail and online sports betting, may also be affected in the short term by factors that are largely beyond our control, such as unanticipated event outcomes, a customer’s skill, experience and behavior, the mix of games played or bets placed, the financial resources of customers, the volume of bets placed and the amount of time spent betting. For online casino games, a random number generator outcome or game could malfunction and award errant prizes. For sports betting, our platform could erroneously posts odds or otherwise be misprogrammed to pay out odds that are highly favorable to bettors, and bettors place bets before the odds are corrected. Additionally, odds compilers and risk managers are capable of human error, so even if our betting products are subject to a capped payout, significant volatility can occur. As a result of the variability in these factors, the actual win rates on our online casino games and retail and online sports bets may differ from the theoretical win rates we have estimated and could result in the winnings of our customers exceeding those anticipated. The variability of win rates (hold rates) also has the potential to adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations, prospects and cash flows.

Mix of Revenue Based on Time Period in Markets

Our profitability generally depends on how long we have been operating in each jurisdiction. Usually, but not always, our profitability levels will increase in a jurisdiction as we have operated there for longer.

Mix of Revenue From Our Different Operating Models

Because we operate using two different operating models, each with its own unique range of profitability, the relative proportion of revenue that is derived from each operating model in a given time period could impact our overall level of profitability.

Key Components of Revenue and Expenses

Revenue

We currently offer real-money online casino, online sports betting and/or retail sports betting in 15 U.S. states, Colombia, Ontario, Canada and Mexico. We also provide social gaming (where permitted), where users can earn or purchase virtual credits to enjoy free-to-play games.

Our revenue is predominantly generated from our U.S. and Canada operations, with the remaining revenue being generated from our Latin America (including Mexico) operations. See Note 3 to our consolidated financial statements, included elsewhere in this Annual Report. We generate revenue primarily through the following offerings:

Online Casino

Online casino offerings typically include the full suite of games available in bricks-and-mortar casinos, such as table games (i.e., blackjack and roulette) and slot machines. For these offerings, similar to bricks-and-mortar casinos, we generate revenue through hold, or gross winnings, as customers play against the house. Like bricks-and-mortar casinos, there is volatility with online casino, but as the number of bets placed increases, the revenue retained from bets placed becomes easier to predict. Our experience has been that online casino revenue is less volatile than sports betting revenue.

Our online casino offering consists of a combination of licensed content from leading industry suppliers, customized third-party games and a small number of proprietary games that were developed exclusively for us. Third-party content is usually subject to standard revenue-sharing agreements specific to each supplier, where the supplier generally receives a percentage of the net gaming revenue generated from its casino games played on our platform. In exchange, we receive a limited license to offer the games on our platform to customers in permitted jurisdictions. We generally pay much lower fees on revenue generated through our proprietary casino games such as our multi-bet blackjack (with side bets: 21+3, Lucky Ladies, Lucky Lucky), and single-deck blackjack, which primarily relate to hosting/remote gaming server fees and certain intellectual property license fees.

Online casino revenue is generated based on total customer bets less amounts paid to customers for winning bets, less incentives awarded to customers, plus or minus the change in the progressive jackpot reserve.

Online Sports Betting

Online sports betting involves a user placing a bet on the outcome of a sporting event, a sports-related activity or a series of the same, with the chance to win a pre-determined amount, often referred to as fixed odds. Online sports betting revenue is generated by setting odds such that there is a built-in theoretical margin in each sports bet offered to customers. While sporting event outcomes may result in revenue volatility, we believe that we can achieve a positive long-term betting win margin. In addition to traditional fixed-odds betting, we also offer other fixed-odd sports betting products including in-game betting and multi-sport and same-game parlay betting. We have also incorporated live streaming of certain sporting events into our online sports betting offering. Integrated into our online sports betting platform is a third-party risk and trading platform currently provided by certain subsidiaries of Kambi Group plc.

Online sports revenue is generated based on total customer bets less amounts paid to customers for winning bets, less incentives awarded to customers, plus or minus the change in unsettled sports bets.

Retail Sports Betting

We provide retail sports betting services to certain land-based partners in exchange for a monthly commission that is calculated based on the land-based retail sportsbook revenue. Services generally include ongoing management and oversight of the retail sportsbook (i.e., within a bricks-and-mortar location), technical support for such partner’s customers, risk management, advertising and promotion, and support for third-party sports betting equipment.

In addition, certain relationships with our partners provide us the ability to operate the retail sportsbook at the land-based partner’s facility. In this scenario, revenue is generated based on total customer bets less amounts paid to customers for winning bets, less other incentives awarded to customers, plus or minus the change in unsettled retail sports bets.

Social Gaming

We provide social gaming (where permitted) where users can earn or purchase virtual credits to enjoy free-to-play games. Users who exhaust their credits can either purchase additional virtual credits from the virtual cashier or wait until their virtual credits are replenished for free. Virtual credits have no monetary value and can only be used within our social gaming platform.

Our social gaming business has three main goals: build online databases in key markets ahead of and post-legalization and regulation; generate revenues; and increase engagement and visitation to our bricks-and-mortar partner properties. Our social gaming products are a marketing tool that keeps the applicable brands present in the minds of our users and engages with users through another channel while providing the entertainment value that users seek. We also leverage our social gaming products to cross-sell to our real-money offerings in jurisdictions where real-money gaming is authorized.

We recognize deferred revenue when users purchase virtual credits and revenue when those credits are redeemed. We pay a percentage of the social gaming revenue derived from the sale and redemption of the virtual credits to content suppliers as well as to our land-based partners.

Costs and Expenses

Costs of Revenue. Costs of revenue consist primarily of (i) revenue share and market access fees, (ii) platform and content fees, (iii) gaming taxes, (iv) payment processing fees and chargebacks and (v) salaries, bonuses, benefits and share-based compensation for dedicated personnel. These costs are primarily variable in nature and should typically correlate with the change in revenue. Revenue share and market access fees consist primarily of amounts paid to local partners that hold the applicable gaming license, providing us the ability to offer our real-money online offerings in the respective jurisdictions. Our platform and content fees are primarily driven by costs associated with third-party casino content, sports betting trading services and certain elements of our platform technology, such as geolocation and know-your-customer. Gaming taxes primarily relate to state taxes and are determined on a jurisdiction-by-jurisdiction basis. We incur payment processing costs on customer deposits and occasionally chargebacks (i.e., when a payment processor contractually disallows customer deposits in the normal course of business).

Advertising and Promotions Costs. Advertising and promotion costs consist primarily of costs associated with marketing our offerings via different channels, promotional activities and related customer acquisition costs. These costs also include salaries, bonuses, benefits and share-based compensation for dedicated personnel and are expensed as incurred.

Our ability to effectively market is critical to our success. Using experience, dynamic learnings and analytics, we leverage marketing to acquire, convert, retain and re-engage customers. We use a variety of earned media and paid marketing channels, in combination with compelling offers, brand ambassadors, proprietary content and unique game and site features, to attract and engage customers. Further, we continuously optimize our marketing spend using data collected from our operations. Our marketing spend is based on a return-on-investment model that considers a variety of factors, including the product offerings in the jurisdiction, local advertising rules, the performance of different marketing channels, predicted lifetime value, marginal costs and expenses and behavior of customers across various product offerings.

With respect to paid marketing, we use a broad array of advertising channels, including television, radio, social media platforms, sponsorships, affiliates and paid search, and other digital channels. We also use other forms of marketing and outreach, such as our social media channels, first-party websites, media interviews and other media spots and organic searches. These efforts are primarily concentrated within the specific jurisdictions where we operate or intend to operate. We believe there is significant benefit to having a flexible approach to advertising spending as we can quickly redirect our advertising spending based on dynamic testing of our advertising methods and channels.

General and Administrative. General and administrative expenses consist primarily of administrative personnel costs, including salaries, bonuses and benefits, share-based compensation expense for dedicated personnel, professional fees related to legal, compliance, audit and consulting services, rent and insurance costs.

Depreciation and Amortization. Depreciation and amortization expense consists of depreciation on our property and equipment and amortization of intangible assets (including market access licenses, gaming jurisdictional licenses, internally developed software, trademark, developed technology and content) and finance lease right-of-use assets over their useful lives. See Notes 2, 4 and 5 to our consolidated financial statements, included elsewhere in this Annual Report.

Results of Operations

The following table sets forth a summary of our consolidated results of operations for the years indicated, and the changes between periods. We have derived this data from our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report. This information should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this Annual Report. The results of historical periods are not necessarily indicative of the results of operations for any future period.

Comparison of the Years Ended December 31, 2023 and 2022

Years Ended December 31, Change

Revenue. Revenue increased by $98.9 million, or 17%, to $691.1 million in 2023 as compared to $592.2 million in 2022. The increase was mainly due to and directly correlated with our continued growth across existing markets and expansion into new markets that launched during 2022 and 2023. The increase reflects higher period-over-period online casino and sports betting revenue of $97.5 million, retail sports betting revenue of $1.1 million and social gaming revenue of $0.3 million.

Costs of Revenue. Costs of revenue increased by $50.4 million, or 12%, to $465.0 million in 2023 as compared to $414.6 million in 2022. The increase was mainly due to and directly correlated with, our expansion and continued growth in existing and new markets. Gaming taxes, market access costs, payment processing costs, and operating expenses contributed $26.7 million, $9.6 million, $8.9 million and $2.1 million, respectively, to the year-over-year increase in costs of revenue, with personnel costs contributing to the remaining $3.1 million of the year-over-year increase. Costs of revenue as a percentage of revenue decreased to 67% in 2023 as compared to 70% in 2022.

Advertising and Promotions. Advertising and promotions expense decreased by $59.8 million, or 27%, to $160.7 million in 2023 as compared to $220.5 million in 2022. The decrease was mainly due to management’s strategy of rationalizing marketing spend as the North American and Latin American online gaming markets continue to mature. Advertising and promotions expense as a percentage of revenue decreased to 23% in 2023 as compared to 37% in 2022.

General and Administrative. General and administrative expense increased by $19.8 million, or 29%, to $87.3 million in 2023 as compared to $67.5 million in 2022. The year-over-year increase was due to higher personnel and other administrative costs, which is consistent with the ongoing growth of our business. General and administrative expense as a percentage of revenue increased to 13% in 2023 as compared to 11% in 2022.

Depreciation and Amortization. Depreciation and amortization expense increased by $15.4 million, or 108%, to $29.7 million in 2023 as compared to $14.3 million in 2022. The increase was mainly due to additional costs to acquire property and equipment and other definite-lived intangible assets such as gaming licenses and internally developed software. Depreciation and amortization expense as a percentage of revenue increased to 4% in 2023 as compared to 2% in 2022.

Interest Income (Expense), Net. Interest income, net was $2.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2023 as compared to Interest expense, net of $0.6 million for the same period in 2022. The increase in interest income was mainly attributed to higher interest rates on cash and cash equivalents as compared to the same period in 2022.

Income tax expense. Income tax expense increased by $2.2 million, or 25%, to $11.2 million in 2023 as compared to $9.0 million in 2022. Income tax expense is attributable to the profitability of our foreign operations for which both current and deferred taxes are recorded. Income tax expense as a percentage of revenue remained flat at 2% in 2023 and 2022.

Comparison of the Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021

A discussion of changes in our results of operations in 2022 compared to 2021 has been omitted from this Form 10-K, but it may be found in “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” of our Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022, filed with the SEC on March 2, 2023, which is available free of charge on the SEC's website at www.sec.gov and at www.RushStreetInteractive.com.

Seasonality and Other Trends Impacting Our Business

Our results of operations may, and generally do, fluctuate due to seasonal trends and other factors such as level of customer engagement, online casino and sports betting results and other factors that are outside of our control or that we cannot reasonably predict. Our financial performance depends on our ability to attract and retain customers. Customer engagement in our online offerings may vary due to, among other things, customer satisfaction with our platform, the number, timing and type of sporting events, the length of professional sports seasons, our offerings and marketing efforts and those of our competitors (including those not just in the online gaming industry but also in the entertainment industry broadly), weather conditions, public sentiment, an economic downturn or other economic factors such as inflation, economic uncertainty or macroeconomic conditions. As customer engagement varies, so may our financial performance.

The number and amount of betting losses and jackpot payouts we experience may also negatively impact our quarterly or annual financial results. Although our losses are limited per wager to a maximum payout, when looking at bets across a period of time, these losses can be significant. We offer progressive jackpot games in our online casino offerings. Each time a customer plays a progressive jackpot game, we contribute a portion of the amount bet to the jackpot for that game or group of games. When a progressive jackpot is won, it is paid out and reset to a predetermined base amount. Winning the jackpot is determined by a random mechanism; we cannot foresee when a jackpot will be won, and we do not insure against jackpot payouts. Paying the progressive jackpot decreases our cash position.

Our online sports betting and retail sports betting operations experience seasonality based on the relative popularity and frequency of certain sporting events. Although sporting events occur throughout the year, our online sports betting customers are most active during the NFL, NBA, college football and basketball seasons. With respect to our online sports betting and retail sports betting operations, customer activity tends to increase, and we may experience increased volatility, in connection with major sporting events such as the NFL super bowl, the NBA finals and NCAA basketball March Madness.

From a legislative perspective, we continue to see strong momentum to legalize and regulate online sports betting in new jurisdictions in the Americas. As expected, many of these new jurisdictions are first trying to legalize and regulate online sports betting before considering whether to legalize and regulate online casino. However, given the tax generation success of online casino in markets where it has been legalized, we also continue to see strong momentum for online casino in several jurisdictions in the Americas that are looking for additional revenue sources to fund expanding budgets.

We operate within the global gaming and entertainment industry, which is comprised of diverse products and offerings that compete for consumers’ time and disposable income. We face and expect to continue to face significant competition from other industry players both within existing and new markets including from competitors with access to more resources, existing assets such as brands or databases, or experience. Customer demands for new and innovative offerings and features require us to continue to invest in new technologies, features and content to improve the customer experience. Many jurisdictions in which we operate or intend to operate in the future have unique regulatory and/or technological requirements, which require us to have robust, scalable networks and infrastructure, and agile engineering and software development capabilities. The global gaming and entertainment industry has seen significant consolidation, regulatory change and technological development over the last few years, and we expect this trend to continue into the foreseeable future, which may create opportunities for us but may also create competitive and margin pressures. We are starting to see some other online gaming operators rationalize their marketing spend in North American jurisdictions, although their marketing spend may vary by quarter depending on, among other things, sports calendars, new market launches and prior commitments.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

We measure liquidity in terms of our ability to fund the cash requirements of our business operations, including working capital and capital expenditure needs, contractual obligations and other commitments, with cash flows from operations. Our current working capital needs relate mainly to supporting our existing businesses, the growth of these businesses in their existing markets and their expansion into other geographic regions, as well as our employees’ compensation and benefits.

We had $168.3 million in cash and cash equivalents as of December 31, 2023 (excluding legally restricted customer cash deposits, which we segregate from our operating cash balances). We intend to continue to finance our operations without third-party debt and entirely from operating cash flows and cash on our balance sheet.

In connection with the Business Combination, we executed the TRA, which generally provides that the Special Limited Partner pay an amount equal to 85% of certain net tax benefits, if any, that the Company and its consolidated subsidiaries, including the Special Limited Partner, realize (or in certain cases is deemed to realize) as a result of the increases in tax basis and tax benefits related to the transactions contemplated under the Business Combination Agreement and the exchange of Retained RSILP Units for Class A Common Stock (or cash) and tax benefits related to entering into the TRA, including tax benefits attributable to payments under the TRA. Although the actual timing and amount of any payments made under the TRA will vary, such payments may be significant. Any payments made under the TRA will generally reduce the amount of overall cash flow that might have otherwise been available to us and, to the extent that payments required under the TRA are unable to be made for any reason, the unpaid amounts generally will be deferred and will accrue interest until paid. To date, no material payments under the TRA have been made, and no material payments or accrued payments thereunder are expected in the near future as payments under the TRA are not owed until the tax benefits generated thereunder are more-likely-than-not to be realized.

We expect our existing cash and cash equivalent and cash flows from operations to be sufficient to fund our operating activities and capital expenditure requirements for at least the next 12 months and thereafter for the foreseeable future. It is possible that we may need additional cash resources due to changed business conditions or other developments, including unanticipated regulatory developments, significant acquisitions, partnerships or marketing initiatives, deteriorating macroeconomic conditions and competitive pressures. We expect our capital expenditures and working capital requirements to continue to increase in the immediate future to support our growth as we seek to expand our offerings across more of North America, Latin America and worldwide, which will require significant investment in our online gaming platform and our personnel, in particular in product development, engineering and operations roles. See Note 15 of our consolidated financial statements, included elsewhere in this Annual Report for a summary of our commitments as of December 31, 2023. We also expect certain costs such as marketing, market access and license fees to increase to the extent we pursue expansion opportunities in new and existing jurisdictions. In particular, we are party to several non-cancelable contracts with vendors and licensors for marketing and other strategic partnerships, pursuant to which we are obligated to make future minimum payments under the non-cancelable terms of these contracts. To the extent that our current resources are insufficient to satisfy our cash requirements, we may need to seek additional equity or debt financing. If the needed financing is not available, or if the terms of financing are less desirable than we expect, we may be forced to decrease our level of investment in new product, service or market launches and related marketing initiatives or to scale back our existing operations, which could have an adverse impact on our business and financial prospects. See Note 1 to our consolidated financial statements, included elsewhere in this Annual Report.

We expect our material cash requirements during the upcoming 12-month period to include $9.1 million of non-cancellable purchase obligations with marketing vendors, $3.5 million of license and market access fees and $1.9 million of lease payments. In addition, we will continue to pursue expansion into new markets, which is expected to require significant capital investments. We have $49.5 million of additional non-cancellable purchase obligations including obligations for license and market access fees, arrangements with marketing vendors and lease payments subsequent to the upcoming 12-month period. Management believes our current cash holdings and, if necessary or desirable, various avenues available to pursue funding in the capital markets will suffice to fund these obligations.

Surety Bonds

As of December 31, 2023, we had been issued $28.0 million in surety bonds that are used to satisfy regulatory requirements related to securing cash held on behalf of customers and $4.6 million in surety bonds to satisfy regulatory requirements necessary to operate in certain jurisdictions.

As of December 31, 2022, we had been issued $3.6 million in surety bonds to satisfy regulatory requirements necessary to operate in certain jurisdictions.

There have been no claims against any of our surety bonds and the likelihood of future claims is remote.

Debt

As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, we had no outstanding debt or letters of credit. As of December 31, 2022, we had an outstanding letter of credit for $1.7 million in connection with our operations in Colombia for which no amounts had been drawn.

Cash Flows

The following table shows our cash flows from operating activities, investing activities and financing activities for the stated periods:

Years Ended December 31,

Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities (518) (1,216) 125,584

A discussion of changes in cash flows in 2023 compared to 2022 is included below. A discussion of changes in cash flows in 2022 compared to 2021 has been omitted from this Form 10-K, but it may be found in “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” of our Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022, filed with the SEC on March 2, 2023, which is available free of charge on the SEC's website at www.sec.gov and at www.RushStreetInteractive.com.

Operating activities. Net cash used in operating activities was $5.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2023 as compared to $60.3 million used in operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2022. The decrease reflects a lower period-over-period net loss totaling $74.3 million and increased non-cash expenses of $27.3 million, which was partially offset by an increase in working capital totaling $45.8 million. The increase in non-cash expenses was driven primarily by additional depreciation and amortization expense of $15.4 million, share-based compensation expense totaling $11.3 million and write-offs of long-lived assets totaling $0.7 million.

Investing activities. Net cash used in investing activities during 2023 increased by $4.8 million to $33.8 million, as compared to $29.0 million during 2022. The increase reflects higher period-over-period cash paid for internally developed software costs totaling $5.8 million, an increase in cash paid for the acquisition of gaming licenses totaling $1.8 million, an increase in cash paid for the development of media content totaling $0.8 million and an increase in investment in equity securities of $0.5 million, which was partially offset by a reduction of property and equipment purchases totaling $2.9 million, reduction of cash paid for trademark intangible asset totaling $1.9 million and the maturity of long-term deposits resulting in a net reduction in investment in long-term deposits totaling $2.4 million.

Financing activities. Net cash used in financing activities during 2023 was $0.5 million, as compared to $1.2 million during 2022. The period-over-period difference reflects lower principal payments of finance lease liabilities.

Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash. The net effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, when expressed in U.S. Dollar terms, was an increase of $5.1 million for the

year ended December 31, 2023 as compared to a decrease of $3.7 million in 2022. These changes were due to fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates from period to period.

Critical Accounting Estimates

We have prepared our consolidated financial statements in accordance with GAAP. In doing so, management is required to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Management bases estimates on historical experience and other assumptions it believes to be reasonable under the circumstances and evaluates these estimates on an on-going basis. Actual results may differ from these estimates. A discussion of our more significant estimates follows. Management has discussed the development, selection and disclosure of these estimates and assumptions with the Audit Committee of the Board. See Note 2 to our consolidated financial statements, included elsewhere in this Annual Report for further information on our critical and other significant accounting policies.

Share-based Compensation

We have issued stock-based awards with service-based conditions or market-based conditions. Our historical and outstanding share-based compensation awards are described in Note 10 to our consolidated financial statements, included elsewhere in this Annual Report.

Share-based compensation expense is measured based on the grant-date fair value of the stock-based awards and is recognized over the requisite service period of the awards. To estimate the fair value of stock option awards, we used the Black-Scholes model, and we used a Monte Carlo simulation to determine the fair value of grants with market-based conditions. Both the Black-Scholes model and the Monte Carlo simulation require management to make a number of key assumptions, including expected volatility, expected term, fair value of our Class A Common Stock, risk-free interest rate and expected dividends. The risk-free interest rate is estimated using the rate of return on U.S. treasury notes with a life that approximates the expected term. The expected term assumption used in the Black-Scholes model represents the period of time that the options are expected to be outstanding and is estimated using the midpoint between the requisite service period and the contractual term of the option. The fair value of our Class A Common Stock is determined based on the quoted market price.

The assumptions underlying these valuations represent management’s best estimates, which involve inherent uncertainties and the application of judgment. As a result, if factors or expected outcomes change and our management uses significantly different assumptions or estimates, our share-based compensation expense for future periods could be materially different, including as a result of adjustments to share-based compensation expense recorded for prior periods.

Fair value measurements

Fair value measurements are based on the premise that fair value is an exit price representing the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. As such, fair value is a market-based measurement that should be determined based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability. As a basis for considering such assumptions, we use the following three-tier fair value hierarchy in determining the inputs used in measuring fair value:

•Level 1 – Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities on the reporting date.

•Level 2 – Pricing inputs are based on quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active and model-based valuation techniques for which all significant assumptions are observable in the market or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.

•Level 3 – Pricing inputs are generally unobservable and include situations where there is little, if any, market activity for the investment. The inputs into the determination of fair value require management’s judgment or estimation of assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the assets or liabilities. The fair values are therefore determined using factors that involve considerable judgment and interpretations, including but not limited to private and public comparables, third-party appraisals, discounted cash flow models and fund manager estimates.

Financial instruments measured at fair value are classified in their entirety based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. Management’s assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement in its entirety requires judgment and considers factors specific to the asset or liability. The use of different assumptions and/or estimation methodologies may have a material effect on estimated fair values and are subject to inherent uncertainty and the application of judgment. Accordingly, the fair value estimates disclosed or initial amounts recorded may not be indicative of the amount that the Company or holders of the instruments could realize in a current market exchange. Financial liabilities subject to fair value measurements on a recurring basis included the Earnout Interests Liability and Warrant Liabilities.

Earnout Interests Liabilities

The earnout interests, as described in Note 8 to our consolidated financial statements, included elsewhere in this Annual Report, were subject to certain restrictions on transfer and voting and potential forfeiture pending the achievement of certain earnout targets. The earnout targets included (a) a change of control within three years of the Closing, (b) achieving certain revenue targets for the year ended December 31, 2021, and (c) achieving certain volume weighted average share prices (“VWAPs”) within three years of the Closing. With respect to the revenue targets for the 2021 year, the percentage of Earnout Interests no longer subject to the restrictions, starting at 25% and ending at 100%, was dependent on achieving revenue equal to $270 million up to $300 million, respectively. With respect to the earnout targets related to VWAPs, the share price must have equaled or exceeded the target price for 10 trading days of any 20 consecutive trading day period. Pursuant to the Business Combination Agreement, a VWAP of $12.00 and $14.00 would have resulted in 50% and 100%, respectively, of the Earnout Interests being no longer subject to the restrictions. Certain of those earnout targets were achieved in January 2021 and, as a result, 100% of the shares and units subject to these restrictions were deemed earned and thus were no longer subject to the restrictions.

We obtained a third-party valuation at December 29, 2020 (i.e., the Closing date) and at December 31, 2020 based upon assumptions regarding share price, maturity, volatility and risk-free rate. The share price represents the trading price as of the valuation date. The maturity assumption represents the time to maturity or expiration of the earnout interest, which was three years. The volatility in the analysis was determined using the Guideline Public Companies’ daily trading activity. Daily volatilities were calculated based on the daily trading activity using a historical lookback period commensurate with the maturity. The selected volatility was the average of the Guideline Public Companies’ volatility for the period, which was calculated to be 54.58%. The risk-free rate utilizes the three-year U.S. Treasury bond rate in effect at the time of the grant.

The fair value was determined using a Monte Carlo simulation of 500,000 trials to value the earnout interests as of the valuation date. Within each trial, the Geometric Brownian Motion formula is used to simulate the underlying security price through the life of the earnout interests. In each trial, the 10th largest simulated trading price within any 20-day trading period was observed to determine if and when the earnout interests met either of the threshold values ($12.00 and $14.00) defined in the Trigger Events. Each future value is discounted to the appropriate valuation date at the risk-free rate to determine the value conclusion within each trial. The average of all 500,000 trials yields the overall valuation conclusion. The assumptions, inputs and methodologies we use in determining fair value result in inherent uncertainty due to the application of judgment.

As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, none of the earnout interests remained outstanding.

Warrant Liabilities

As described in Note 7 to our consolidated financial statements, included elsewhere in this Annual Report, we evaluated the warrants that entitled the holder thereof to purchase one share of Class A Common Stock at an exercise price of $11.50 per share (the “Public Warrants”), 6,600,000 private placement warrants sold to the Sponsor (the “Private Placement Warrants”) and an additional 75,000 warrants issued to the Sponsor upon the Closing in connection with converting certain working capital loans into warrants (the “Working Capital Warrants” and together with the Private Placement Warrants, the “Private Warrants” and the Private Warrants together with the Public Warrants, the “Warrants”) under ASC 815-40, and concluded that they did not meet the criteria to be classified in stockholders’ equity. Specifically, the exercise of the Warrants could have been settled in cash upon the occurrence of a tender offer or exchange that involves 50% or more of our stockholders holding Class A Common Stock. Because not all of the stockholders needed to participate in such tender offer or exchange to trigger the potential cash settlement and we did not control the occurrence of such an event, we concluded that the Warrants did not meet the conditions to be classified in equity. Because the Warrants met the definition of a derivative under ASC 815-40, we recorded the Warrants as liabilities on our consolidated balance sheet at

fair value as of each reporting date, with subsequent changes in their respective fair values recognized in our consolidated statement of operations.

We determined the fair value of our Public Warrants based on the publicly listed trading price of such warrants on the valuation date. We determined the fair value of the Private Warrants using Level 3 inputs within a Black-Scholes model. The Private Warrants were valued as of December 29, 2020 (i.e., the Closing date) and December 31, 2020. The significant inputs and assumptions in this method were the stock price, exercise price, volatility, risk-free rate, and term or maturity. The underlying stock price input was the closing stock price as of each valuation date and the exercise price was the price as stated in the warrant agreement. The volatility input was determined using the historical volatility of comparable publicly traded companies which operated in a similar industry or were our direct competitors. Volatility for each comparable was calculated as the annualized standard deviation of daily continuously compounded returns. The Black-Scholes analysis was performed in a risk-neutral framework, which required a risk-free rate assumption based upon constant-maturity treasury yields, which were interpolated based on the remaining term of the Private Warrants as of each valuation date. The term/maturity was the duration between each valuation date and the maturity date, which was five years following the Closing date, or December 29, 2025.

As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, none of the Warrants remained outstanding.

Income Taxes

We account for income taxes using the asset and liability method. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the estimated future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are calculated by applying existing tax laws and the rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect of a change in tax rates on deferred tax assets and liabilities is recognized in the year of the enacted rate change.

We regularly review our deferred tax assets, including net operating loss carryovers, for recoverability, and a valuation allowance is provided when it is more likely than not that some portion or all of a deferred tax asset may not be realized. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income during the periods in which the temporary differences are deductible. In assessing the need for a valuation allowance, we make estimates and assumptions regarding projected future taxable income, our ability to carry back operating losses to prior periods, the reversal of deferred tax liabilities and the implementation of tax planning strategies. Based on our cumulative earnings history and forecasted future sources of taxable income, we have determined we are not more-likely-than-not to realize existing deferred tax assets and thus have recorded a valuation allowance. As we reassess these assumptions in the future, changes in forecasted taxable income may alter this expectation and may result in an increase to the valuation allowance and an increase in the effective tax rate.

We account for uncertainty in income taxes using a recognition and measurement threshold for tax positions taken or expected to be taken in a tax return, which are subject to examination by applicable taxing authorities. The tax benefit from an uncertain tax position is recognized when it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained upon examination by taxing authorities based on technical merits of the position. The amount of the tax benefit recognized is the largest amount of the benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement. The effective tax rate and the tax basis of assets and liabilities reflect management’s estimates of the ultimate outcome of various tax uncertainties. We recognize penalties and interest related to uncertain tax positions within the provision (benefit) for income taxes line in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.

Tax Receivable Agreement

Pursuant to the TRA, the Special Limited Partner is required to pay to the Sellers and/or the exchanging holders of RSILP Units, as applicable, 85% of the net income tax savings that we and our consolidated subsidiaries (including the Special Limited Partner) realize as a result of increases in tax basis in RSILP’s assets related to the transactions contemplated under the Business Combination Agreement and the future exchange of the Retained RSILP Units for shares of Class A Common Stock (or cash) pursuant to the RSILP A&R LPA and tax benefits related to entering into the TRA, including tax benefits attributable to payments under the TRA, and those payments may be substantial.

We evaluate the realizability of the deferred tax assets resulting from the exchange of RSILP Units for Class A Common Stock. If the deferred tax assets are determined to be realizable, we then assess whether payment of amounts

under the TRA have become probable. If so, we record a TRA liability equal to 85% of such deferred tax assets. In subsequent periods, we assess the realizability of all our deferred tax assets subject to the TRA. Should it be determined that a deferred tax asset with a valuation allowance is realizable in a subsequent period, the related valuation allowance will be released and consideration of a corresponding TRA liability will be assessed. The realizability of deferred tax assets, including those subject to the TRA, is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income during the periods in which those deferred tax assets become deductible and consideration of prudent and feasible tax-planning strategies.

The measurement of the TRA liability is accounted for as a contingent liability. Therefore, once we determine that a payment becomes probable and can be estimated, the estimate of the payment will be accrued.

Recently Adopted and Issued Accounting Pronouncements

Recently issued and adopted accounting pronouncements are described in Note 2 to our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report.

Emerging Growth Company Accounting Election

Section 102(b)(1) of the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 (“JOBS Act”) exempts emerging growth companies from being required to comply with new or revised financial accounting standards until private companies are required to comply with the new or revised financial accounting standards. The JOBS Act provides that a company can choose not to take advantage of the extended transition period and comply with the requirements that apply to non-emerging growth companies, and any such election to not take advantage of the extended transition period is irrevocable. RSI is an “emerging growth company” as defined in Section 2(a) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and has elected to take advantage of the benefits of this extended transition period. The Company remains an emerging growth company and is expected to continue to take advantage of the benefits of the extended transition period. This may make it difficult or impossible to compare the Company financial results with the financial results of another public company that is either not an emerging growth company or is an emerging growth company that has chosen not to take advantage of the extended transition period exemptions for emerging growth companies because of the potential differences in accounting standards used.

ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

We operate primarily in the United States, Canada and Latin America. As such, we have been exposed in the past and may in the future be exposed to certain market risks, including interest rate, foreign currency exchange and inflation risks, in the ordinary course of our business. Currently, these risks are not material to our financial condition or results of operations, but they may be in the future.

Interest Rate Risk

As of December 31, 2023, we had cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash of $171.0 million, which consisted primarily of bank deposits, certificates of deposits and money market funds. Such interest-earning instruments carry a degree of interest rate risk; however, due to the relatively short-term nature of these instruments, historical fluctuations of interest income have not been significant. The primary objective of our investment activities is to preserve principal and provide liquidity without significantly increasing risk. A 10% increase or decrease in the interest rates of these interest-earning instruments would not have a material effect on our consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2023.

Foreign Currency Exchange Rate Risk

We have been exposed to foreign currency exchange risk related to our transactions in currencies other than the U.S. Dollar, which is our reporting and functional currency for a majority of operations. We seek to naturally hedge our foreign exchange transaction exposure by matching the transaction currencies for our cash inflows and outflows. Currently, we do not otherwise hedge our foreign exchange exposure but may consider doing so in the future. Our foreign currency exposure is primarily with respect to the Colombian Peso, the Canadian Dollar and the Mexican Peso. Markets with a functional currency other than the U.S. Dollar accounted for less than 20% and 15% of our revenue for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. A 10% increase or decrease in the value of these currencies compared to the U.S. Dollar would not have a material effect on our consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2023.

Inflation Risk

We do not believe that inflation has had a material effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations as of and for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023. If our costs become subject to significant inflationary pressures, we may not be able to fully offset such higher costs through price increases. Our inability or failure to do so could harm our business, financial condition and operating results. In addition, our customers may experience inflationary pressures and rising costs. This could result in our customers having less disposable income, and thus they may reduce their spending on discretionary entertainment activities such as our products and services. Such a reduction in spending by our customers could harm our business, financial condition, revenues and operating results.

ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA

See financial statements included in Item 15 “Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules” of this Annual Report.

ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE

None.

ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Disclosure Controls and Procedures

As required by Rule 13a-15(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), under the supervision and with the participation of management, including our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, we have carried out an evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Exchange Act) as of the end of the period covered by this Annual Report. Our disclosure controls and procedures are designed to provide reasonable assurance that information we are required to disclose in reports that are filed or submitted under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure and is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified by the SEC. Our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of December 31, 2023.

Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting. Internal control over financial reporting is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act as a process designed by, or under the supervision of, the Company’s principal executive and principal financial officers and effected by the Company’s board of directors, management and other personnel, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles and includes those policies and procedures that:

•pertain to the maintenance of records that in reasonable detail accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the Company;

•provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the Company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the Company; and

•provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of the Company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, we conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting based on the framework in Internal Control - Integrated Framework, issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations

of the Treadway Commission (2013 Framework). Based on our evaluation, our management concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2023.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect all misstatements. Projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risks that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

This Annual Report does not include an attestation report of our independent registered public accounting firm because as a “Emerging Growth Company” our independent registered public accounting firm is not required to issue such an attestation report.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

During the most recently completed fiscal quarter, there has been no change in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

Limitations on Effectiveness of Controls and Procedures

Our disclosure controls and procedures are designed to provide reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives, as specified above. Our management recognizes that any control system, no matter how well designed and operated, is based upon certain judgments and assumptions and cannot provide absolute assurance that its objectives will be met.

ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION

Amended & Restated CEO and COO Employment Agreements

On March 5, 2024, we entered into an amended and restated offer letter agreement with each of Messrs. Richard Schwartz, our Chief Executive Officer, and Mattias Stetz, our Chief Operating Officer (the “Schwartz Letter” and the “Stetz Letter,” respectively, and collectively, the “A&R Employment Letters”). The A&R Employment Letters supersede and replace the employment letters that we previously entered into with Messrs. Schwartz and Stetz. The Compensation Committee of the Board and the Board itself approved the terms of the A&R Employment Letters.

The Schwartz Letter

Pursuant to the Schwartz Letter, Mr. Schwartz continues to serve as our Chief Executive Officer. For his service as our Chief Executive Officer, we will generally provide Mr. Schwartz with (a) an annual base salary of $613,000, (b) eligibility to participate in our discretionary bonus plan with a target annual bonus equal to 110% of base salary and with the actual bonus payment amount to be equal to an amount between 80% and 140% of base salary based on the achievement of corporate/financial and individual objectives, (c) eligibility to receive annual awards of stock options or shares/units under the long-term incentive compensation plan with a value of annual awards equal to 8.3 times Mr. Schwartz’s base salary, subject to both time-based and performance-based vesting (with the final amount to be determined by the Board or applicable committee thereof, at the time of approval of such awards), and (d) eligibility to participate in any employee benefit plans generally available to our employees. Under a separate restrictive covenant agreement, Mr. Schwartz is subject to certain restrictive covenants, including, but not limited to, confidentiality, and during the employment term and for an 18-month post-employment period, non-disparagement, noncompete and non-solicitation of customers and employees.

In the event that Mr. Schwartz’s employment is terminated prior to a “change in control” (as defined in our policies) either by us without “cause” or by Mr. Schwartz for “good reason” (each as defined in the Schwartz Letter) subject to his timely execution and non-revocation of a general release of claims in favor of the Company and continued compliance with his restrictive covenant obligations (as described above), the Schwartz Letter provides Mr. Schwartz with eligibility to receive (a) a prorated portion of his annual bonus for the year of termination based on actual performance, (b) a cash severance payment equal to the sum of his annualized base salary and target bonus over a 12 months period (or in a lump sum at the Company’s discretion), (c) payment of COBRA health care continuation premiums for up to 12 months, and (d) partial accelerated vesting of his unvested time-based equity awards that would have otherwise vested within 12 months following the date of termination, with any performance-based equity awards being earned in a prorated portion of such award based on the portion of the applicable performance period that Mr. Schwartz was employed and calculated according to actual performance as determined at the end of the applicable performance period.

In the event that Mr. Schwartz’s employment is terminated within the 24 months following a “change in control,” either by us without “cause” or by Mr. Schwartz for “good reason,” subject to his timely execution and non-revocation of a general release of claims in favor of the Company and continued compliance with his restrictive covenant obligations, as described above, the Schwartz Letter provides Mr. Schwartz with eligibility to receive (a) a prorated portion of his annual bonus for the year of termination based on actual performance, (b) a lump sum cash severance payment equal totwice the sum of his annualized base salary and the greater of his target bonus amount or the average actual bonus paid over the most recent two years prior to the “change in control”, (c) payment of COBRA health care continuation premiums for up to 12 months, and (d) accelerated vesting of all of his unvested time-based equity awards and the assumption, conversion or replacement of his performance-based awards with substantially similar awards or, if such awards are not assumed, converted or replaced, vesting in full of such awards at the greater of target or actual performance through the date of the “change in control.”

The Schwartz letter also provides that in the event of a “change in control”, with respect to any long-term compensation plan equity grants that Mr. Schwartz received but have not vested, (a) any unvested performance-based equity awards shall immediately, at the successor entity’s option, be replaced with new performance-based publicly traded equity awards, provided that if replaced, the value of and associated performance conditions of any such replacement awards can be substantially replicated to those of any performance-based equity award being replaced, and (b) if the successor entity does not assume, convert or replace the performance-based equity awards as set forth in the preceding clause (a), such performance-based equity awards shall fully vest, based upon the greater of target or Company's actual performance achieved through the date of the “change in control.” In addition, upon Mr. Schwartz’s involuntary termination without “cause” or any voluntary termination for “good reason” within twenty-four months of any “change in control,” any granted but unvested time-based shall fully vest and any granted but unvested performance-based equity awards shall fully vest, based upon the greater of target or Company's actual performance achieved through the date of the “change in control.”

The Stetz Letter

Pursuant to the Stetz Letter, Mr. Stetz continues to serve as our Chief Operating Officer. For his service as our Chief Operating Officer, we will generally provide Mr. Stetz with (a) an annual base salary of $440,000, (b) eligibility to participate in our discretionary bonus plan with a target annual bonus equal to 80% of base salary and with the actual bonus payment amount to be equal to an amount between 50% and 110% of base salary based on the achievement of corporate/financial and individual objectives, (c) eligibility to receive annual awards of stock options or shares/units under the long-term incentive compensation plan with a value of annual awards equal to 2.6 times Mr. Stetz’s base salary, subject to both time-based and performance-based vesting (with the final amount to be determined by the Board or applicable committee thereof, at the time of approval of such awards), and (d) eligibility to participate in any employee benefit plans generally available to our employees. Under a separate restrictive covenant agreement, Mr. Stetz is subject to certain restrictive covenants, including, but not limited to, confidentiality, and during the employment term and for an 18-month post-employment period, non-disparagement, noncompete and non-solicitation of customers and employees.

The other terms of the Stetz Letter, including the rights, obligations, covenants and other terms related to termination or resignation for good reason both in prior to a “change of control” and within 24 months of a “change of control,” are substantially identical to those described above with respect to the Schwartz Letter.

The information contained in this Item 9B. regarding the A&R Employment Letters is qualified in its entirety by reference to the copies of the A&R Employment Letters and the related restrictive covenant agreements attached to this Annual Report on Form 10-K as Exhibits 10.18, 10.19, 10.20 and 10.21, respectively, and are incorporated herein by reference.

Securities Trading Plans of Directors and Executive Officers

Certain of our directors and executive officers have made, and may from time to time enter into trading plans or make elections to have shares sold or withheld to cover withholding taxes or pay the exercise price of options, which may be designed to satisfy the affirmative defense conditions of Rule 10b5-1 under the Exchange Act or may constitute non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangements (as defined in Item 408(c) of Regulation S-K).

During the three months ended December 31, 2023, except as noted above, none of our directors or executive officers adopted or terminated any contract, instruction or written plan for the purchase or sale of the Company’s securities that was intended to satisfy the affirmative defense conditions of Rule 10b5-1(c) or any “non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement.”

ITEM 9C. DISCLOSURE REGARDING FOREIGN JURISDICTIONS THAT PREVENT INSPECTIONS

Not applicable.

PART III

ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

The information required by this item will be included in our 2024 Proxy Statement, which is incorporated herein by reference.

ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION

The information required by this item will be included in our 2024 Proxy Statement, which is incorporated herein by reference.

ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS

The information required by this item will be included in our 2024 Proxy Statement, which is incorporated herein by reference.

ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE

The information required by this item will be included in our 2024 Proxy Statement, which is incorporated herein by reference.

ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES

The information required by this item will be included in our 2024 Proxy Statement, which is incorporated herein by reference.

PART IV

ITEM 15. EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES

(a) Documents filed as part of this report

(a)1. Financial Statements

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm F-1

Consolidated Balance Sheets F-2

Consolidated Statements of Operations F-3

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss F-4

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders' Equity (Deficit) F-5

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows F-7

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements F-9

(3) Exhibits: The exhibits to this report are listed in the exhibit index below

(3)(b) Description of Exhibits

Exhibit Index 97

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the Board of Directors and Stockholders of

Rush Street Interactive, Inc.

Opinion on the Consolidated Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Rush Street Interactive, Inc. and Subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive loss, changes in stockholders’ equity (deficit), and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2023, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2023, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

Basis for Opinion

These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, audits of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.

Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

/s/ WithumSmith+Brown, PC

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2020.

New York, New York

March 7, 2024

PCAOB ID Number 100

F-1

RUSH STREET INTERACTIVE, INC.

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(Amounts in thousands except for share and per share amounts)

December 31,

ASSETS

Current assets

Prepaid expenses and other current assets 13,651 11,312

LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

Current liabilities

Current deferred royalty liabilities 1,712 1,526

Current operating lease liabilities 621 722

Non-current deferred royalty liabilities 12,395 14,106

Non-current operating lease liabilities 673 1,177

Other non-current liabilities 1,690 244

Commitments and contingencies

Stockholders’ equity

Accumulated other comprehensive loss (100) (1,648)

Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity $ 318,580 $ 350,346

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

F-2

RUSH STREET INTERACTIVE, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(Amounts in thousands except for share and per share amounts)

December 31,

Operating costs and expenses

Other income (expenses)

Change in fair value of warrant liabilities — — 41,802

Change in fair value of earnout interests liability — — (13,740)

Net loss attributable to non-controlling interests (41,750) (95,701) (51,603)

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

F-3

RUSH STREET INTERACTIVE, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE LOSS

(Amounts in thousands except for share and per share amounts)

December 31,

Other comprehensive income (loss)

Foreign currency translation adjustment 5,290 (3,886) (2,111)

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

F-4

RUSH STREET INTERACTIVE, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (DEFICIT)

(Amounts in thousands except for share amounts)

Shares Amount Shares Amount

F-5

Shares Amount Shares Amount Shares Amount

Reissuance of treasury stock — — — — (218,589) 850 (850) — — — — —

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

F-6

RUSH STREET INTERACTIVE, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(Amounts in thousands)

December 31,

Cash flows from operating activities

Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities

Long-lived assets write off 683 — —

Change in fair value of earnout interests liability — — 13,740

Change in fair value of warrant liabilities — — (41,802)

Changes in assets and liabilities:

Prepaid expenses and other current assets 722 (3,879) (4,562)

Cash flows from investing activities

Media content production costs (765) — —

Investments in equity securities (470) — (1,500)

Short-term investments (3,061) — —

Proceeds from (investment in) long-term time deposits 1,705 (689) (748)

Acquisition of trademark intangible asset, net of cash acquired — (1,890) —

Acquisition of developed technology intangible assets — — (3,281)

Cash flows from financing activities

Proceeds from shares issued for warrants — — 131,588

Repurchase of common stock — — (3,465)

Principal payments of finance lease liabilities (518) (1,216) (2,142)

Distributions paid to non-controlling interest holders — — (397)

Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities (518) (1,216) 125,584

F-7

December 31,

Supplemental disclosure of noncash investing and financing activities:

Non-cash redemption of Private Placement and Working Capital Warrants — — 50,798

Non-cash settlement of Public Warrants — — 77,509

Non-cash settlement of Earnout Interests Liability — — 364,788

Reissuance of treasury stock — — 850

Class V Common stock issued to acquire trademark intangible asset — 2,400 —

Class A Common stock issued to acquire trademark intangible asset — 300 —

Capitalized intangible assets in Accounts payable and Accrued Expenses 609 — —

Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

F-8

Table of Contents

RUSH STREET INTERACTIVE, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

1. Description of Business

Rush Street Interactive, Inc. is a holding company organized under the laws of the State of Delaware and, through its main operating subsidiary, Rush Street Interactive, LP and its subsidiaries (collectively, “RSILP”), is a leading online gaming company that provides online casino and sports betting in the U.S., Canadian and Latin American markets. Rush Street Interactive, Inc. and its subsidiaries (including RSILP) are collectively referred to as “RSI” or the “Company.” The Company is headquartered in Chicago, IL.

RSI launched its first social gaming website in 2015 and began accepting real-money bets in the United States in 2016. The Company establishes and utilizes subsidiaries to facilitate its operations in jurisdictions where the Company is licensed to operate. In 2018, RSI also became the first U.S.-based online gaming operator to launch in Colombia, which was an early adopting Latin American country to legalize and regulate online casino and sports betting nationally. In addition, RSI launched its real-money offering in Canada and Mexico during the second quarter of 2022.

As of December 31, 2023, RSI offered real-money online casino, online sports betting and/or retail sports betting in the 15 U.S. states and three international jurisdictions as outlined in the table below.

Jurisdictions Online Casino Online SportsBetting Retail SportsBetting

Domestic:

Arizona ü

Colorado ü

Delaware ü ü

Illinois ü ü

Indiana ü ü

Iowa ü

Louisiana ü

Maryland ü ü

Michigan ü ü ü

New Jersey ü ü

New York ü ü

Ohio ü

Pennsylvania ü ü ü

Virginia ü ü

West Virginia ü ü

International:

Colombia ü ü

Ontario (Canada) ü ü

Mexico ü ü

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements are presented in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) and the applicable rules and regulations of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company, its direct and indirect wholly owned subsidiaries, and all entities in which the Company has a controlling interest. RSI is deemed to have a controlling interest of RSILP through its wholly owned subsidiary RSI GP, LLC (“RSI GP”), which is the sole general partner of RSILP. For consolidated entities that are less than wholly owned, third party holdings of equity interests are

F-9

Table of Contents

RUSH STREET INTERACTIVE, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

presented as Non-controlling interests in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets and consolidated statements of changes in stockholders’ equity. The portion of net loss attributable to the non-controlling interests is presented as net loss attributable to non-controlling interests in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations, while the portion of comprehensive loss attributable to the non-controlling interests is reported as comprehensive loss attributable to non-controlling interests in the Company’s consolidated statements of comprehensive loss. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated upon consolidation.

The Company is organized as an umbrella partnership-C corporation, or Up-C, structure, as a result of the transactions contemplated in the Business Combination Agreement, dated as of July 27, 2020 (as amended and/or restated from time to time, the “Business Combination Agreement” and the transactions contemplated thereby, the “Business Combination”). The Business Combination Agreement was entered among RSILP, the sellers set forth on the signature pages thereto (collectively, the “Sellers” and each, a “Seller”), dMY Sponsor, LLC (the “Sponsor”) and Rush Street Interactive GP, LLC, resulting in dMY Technology Group, Inc. (“dMY”) acquiring certain Class A Units of RSILP (the “RSILP Units”).

The Business Combination was accounted for as a reverse recapitalization in accordance with U.S. GAAP. Under this method of accounting, dMY is treated as the acquired company and RSILP is treated as the acquirer for financial statement reporting purposes. Accordingly, for accounting purposes, the Business Combination was treated as the equivalent of RSILP issuing stock for the net assets of dMY, accompanied by a recapitalization.

RSILP was determined to be the accounting acquirer based on evaluation of the following facts and circumstances:

•RSILP’s existing members, through their ownership of RSI’s Class V Common Stock, have the largest portion of the voting rights in the Company;

•The Board of Directors of the Company (the “Board”) and management are primarily composed of individuals associated with RSILP; and

•RSILP is the larger entity based on historical operating activity and has the larger employee base.

As an Up-C, substantially all of the assets of the combined company are held by RSILP and the Company’s primary assets are its equity interests in RSILP (which are held indirectly through wholly owned subsidiaries of the Company – RSI ASLP, Inc. (the “Special Limited Partner”) and RSI GP). The Company controls RSILP through RSI GP. As of December 31, 2023, the Company owned 32.49% of the RSILP Units and the holders of the non-controlling interest 67.51% of the RSILP Units.

Neil G. Bluhm and his trusts and entities controlled by him and Richard Schwartz (collectively, the “Controlling Holders”) together as a group control a majority of the voting power of the Company’s outstanding common stock. As a result, RSI is a “controlled company” under the New York Stock Exchange’s corporate governance standards.

Reclassifications

Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation. Such reclassifications had no impact on the Company’s reported total revenues, expenses, net loss, current assets, total assets, current liabilities, total liabilities, stockholders’ equity, non-controlling interests or cash flows. No reclassifications of prior period balances were material to the consolidated financial statements.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

The Company currently expects that its cash will be sufficient to fund its operating expenses and capital expenditure requirements for at least 12 months from the date of issuance of this report based on future spend assumptions. The Company experienced negative operating cash flows of $5.9 million, $60.3 million and $48.2 million for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

The Company had working capital totaling $90.9 million as of December 31, 2023.

F-10

Table of Contents

RUSH STREET INTERACTIVE, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Use of Estimates

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Significant estimates and assumptions reflected in the consolidated financial statements relate to and include, but are not limited to, the valuation of share-based awards, the earnout interests liability, the warrant liabilities and acquired intangibles; internally developed software; long-lived assets and investments in equity; the estimated useful lives of property and equipment and intangible assets; redemption rate assumptions associated with the loyalty program and other discretionary player bonuses; accrued expenses; determination of the incremental borrowing rate to calculate operating lease liabilities and finance lease liabilities; and deferred taxes and amounts associated with the tax receivable agreement (the “Tax Receivable Agreement” or “TRA”) entered into in connection with the closing on December 29, 2020 of the Business Combination (the “Closing”).

Segment Reporting

Operating segments are identified as components of an enterprise about which separate discrete financial information is available for evaluation by the Chief Operating Decision Maker (“CODM”) in making decisions regarding resource allocation and assessing performance. The Company views its operations and manages its business in one operating segment.

Cash and Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash

Cash and cash equivalents consist of highly liquid, unrestricted savings, checking, instant access internet banking accounts, money market funds and certificates of deposits with original maturities of 90 days or less at acquisition.

Restricted cash includes any cash and cash equivalents held by the Company that are legally restricted as to withdrawals or usage. This consists of certain deposits that are restricted under regulatory requirements. Regardless of whether customer deposits are legally restricted, the Company maintains separate bank accounts to segregate cash that resides in customers’ accounts from operational funds.

The following table reconciles cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash in the consolidated balance sheets to the totals shown on the consolidated statements of cash flows:

December 31,

Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash $ 170,977 $ 206,081

Players Receivables

Players receivables consist of cash deposits from customers that the Company has not yet received. Players receivables are reported at the amount that the Company expects to collect from customers, generally via third-party payment processors. These receivables arise due to the timing difference between a customer’s deposit and the Company’s receipt of that deposit from the payment processor. The amounts are generally outstanding for a short period of time. On a periodic basis, the Company evaluates its players receivables and establishes an allowance for doubtful accounts based on a specific review of the accounts as well as historical collection experience and current economic conditions. No allowance for doubtful accounts was recorded for the periods presented in these consolidated financial statements.

F-11

Table of Contents

RUSH STREET INTERACTIVE, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Due from Affiliates

Due from affiliates consists of amounts that are expected to be collected from certain affiliated land-based casino partners. In certain cases, the affiliate casino maintains the bank account that processes cash deposits and withdrawals for RSI customers. Accordingly, at any point in time, the Company will record a receivable from the affiliate, representing the Company’s total revenue (with RSI customers) that was collected by the affiliate, less consideration payable to the affiliate for use of its license, which is offset by any consideration received from the affiliate based on the terms of the applicable agreement. On a periodic basis, the Company evaluates the collectability of amounts due from affiliates and establishes an allowance for amounts not expected to be collected. No allowance was recorded for the periods presented in these consolidated financial statements. See Note 13 for disclosure on related parties.

Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets

Prepaid expenses and other current assets consist primarily of prepaid expenses and a short-term investment. Prepaid expenses consist of various advance payments for goods or services to be received in the future. These costs include insurance, subscriptions, marketing, other contracted services and deposits paid in advance. Prepaid expenses totaled $7.5 million and $5.6 million as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

The short-term investment consists of a certificate of deposit with an original maturity greater than three months but less than one year. As of December 31, 2023, the Company had a short-term investment of $3.1 million. The Company did not have any short-term investments as of December 31, 2022.

Property and Equipment, net

Property and equipment are carried at cost, net of accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful life of the asset. Leasehold improvements depreciation is computed over the shorter of the remaining lease term or estimated useful life of the asset. Additions and improvements are capitalized, while repairs and maintenance are expensed as incurred. Useful lives of each asset class are as follows:

Asset Useful Life

Computers, software and related equipment 3 years

Furniture and fixtures 4 years

Operating equipment and servers 5 years

Intangible Assets, Net

License Fees, Net

The Company incurs costs in connection with operating in certain jurisdictions, including license applications fees, market access payments to strategic partners and related renewals or extensions. These costs are capitalized as an intangible asset and amortized over the estimated useful life of the asset using the straight-line method. In certain markets, the Company agrees to pay minimum market access royalties to its partner, which is considered an integral cost in connection with operating in certain jurisdictions. The Company records fixed minimum royalty payments as intangible assets with an offset to deferred royalty liabilities, both of which are included on the consolidated balance sheets. The Company’s access to operate in a particular market is often dependent upon the continued viability of its strategic partner in that market. The useful life is the period over which the asset is expected to contribute directly or indirectly to the Company’s cash flows. The remaining useful life of license fee intangible assets is evaluated at least annually.

Internally Developed Software

Software that is developed for internal use is accounted for pursuant to Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 350-40, Intangibles, Goodwill and Other - Internal-Use Software. Qualifying costs incurred to develop internal-use software are capitalized when (i) the preliminary project stage is completed, (ii) management has authorized further funding for the completion of the project and (iii) it is probable that the project will be completed and perform as intended. These capitalized costs include compensation for employees who develop internal-use software and external costs related

F-12

Table of Contents

RUSH STREET INTERACTIVE, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

to development and implementation of internal-use software. Capitalization of these costs ceases once the project is substantially complete and the software is ready for its intended purpose. Internally developed software is amortized using the straight-line method over an estimated useful life of three to four years. All other expenditures, including those incurred to maintain an intangible asset’s current level of performance, are expensed as incurred.

Trademark Asset

On June 10, 2022, the Company entered into an agreement to purchase all of the equity interests of Rush Street Productions, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“RSP”), in exchange for $1.5 million cash (net of $0.7 million cash acquired), 480,000 RSILP Units and the same number of newly issued shares of Class V Common Stock, par value $0.0001 per share of the Company (the “Class V Common Stock”), valued at $2.4 million, and 60,000 shares of Class A Common Stock of the Company, par value $0.0001 per share of the Company (the “Class A Common Stock”), valued at $0.3 million. The Company also assumed $0.5 million of outstanding liabilities and incurred $0.4 million of transaction costs directly attributable to the acquisition.

To account for the transaction, the Company applied the definition of a business in ASC 805-10, Business Combinations – Overall, and concluded that the asset set acquired does not constitute a business as substantially all of the fair value of the acquired assets was concentrated in a single asset. Therefore, the transaction has been accounted for as an asset acquisition in accordance with ASC 805-50, Business Combinations — Related Issues.

The acquired trademark asset represents an intangible asset that is recognized at its relative fair value in accordance with ASC 350-30, General Intangibles Other Than Goodwill. Goodwill is not recognized in an asset acquisition, and as such, any consideration that exceeds the fair value of the net assets acquired is allocated to the identifiable assets based on relative fair values.

The Company capitalized a $5.1 million trademark intangible asset representing the total consideration paid of $4.2 million, assumed liabilities of $0.5 million, and legal and consulting fees incurred that were directly attributable to the asset acquisition of $0.4 million. The asset is recognized in intangible assets, net on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 and is amortized over the estimated useful life of five years using the straight-line method. The asset acquisition is presented on the consolidated statement of cash flows as net cash used in investing activities.

Developed Technology

On December 21, 2021, the Company entered into an agreement to purchase certain assets from Run It Once, Ltd. (“RIO”) in exchange for $3.3 million cash and 158,127 Class A Common Shares valued at $2.5 million.

To account for the transaction, the Company applied the definition of a business in ASC 805-10, Business Combinations – Overall, and concluded that the asset set acquired does not constitute a business as the acquired assets did not include the necessary inputs, substantive processes, and outputs needed to operate as a business. Thus, the transaction has been accounted for as an asset acquisition in accordance with ASC 805-50, Business Combinations — Related Issues.

The acquired intellectual property represents developed technology intangible assets that are recognized at their relative fair value in accordance with ASC 350-30, General Intangibles Other Than Goodwill. Goodwill is not recognized in an asset acquisition and, as such, any consideration that exceeds the fair value of the net assets acquired is allocated to the identifiable assets based on relative fair values. The Company capitalized a $5.9 million developed technology intangible asset, representing the total consideration paid of $5.8 million and an incremental $0.1 million related to legal fees directly attributable to the asset acquisition incurred by the Company. The asset is recognized in intangible assets, net on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2023 and 2022. The asset is amortized over the estimated useful life of eight years using the straight-line method. The asset acquisition is presented on the consolidated statement of cash flows as net cash used in investing activities.

Media Content Production Costs

The Company capitalizes costs associated with the development and production of media content in accordance with ASC 350, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other. The asset is recognized in intangible assets, net in the Company’s consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2023 and is amortized over the estimated useful life of two years.

F-13

Table of Contents

RUSH STREET INTERACTIVE, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Investments in Equity

The Company accounts for investments in equity that are within the scope of ASC 321-10, Investments - Equity Securities (“ASC 321-10”), as either (1) investments with a readily determinable fair value, which are recorded at fair value or (2) investments without a readily determinable fair value, which are recorded at cost less any impairment. Equity investments that are initially concluded to not have a readily determinable fair value are reassessed at each reporting period. If the Company identifies observable price changes in orderly transactions for the identical or a similar investment of the same issuer, it measures the equity security at fair value as of the date that the observable transaction occurred using valuation techniques that are permitted under ASC 820, Fair Value Measurement.

As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company had investments in equity of $2.0 million and $1.5 million, respectively. The equity investments are accounted for in accordance with ASC 321-10, and the Company accounts for the equity investments at cost less impairment because there are no readily determinable fair values for these investments as of December 31, 2023 and 2022. No impairment was recorded during the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022. The investments are recognized in other assets on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

The Company’s long-lived assets primarily consist of property and equipment, operating lease right-of-use assets, finance lease right-of-use assets and finite-lived intangible assets (i.e., license fees, internally developed software, developed technology, trademark assets and media content production costs).

The Company evaluates long-lived assets for indicators of impairment quarterly or when events or changes in circumstances indicate that their carrying amounts may not be recoverable. The factors that would be considered by management in performing this assessment include current operating results, trends and prospects, the manner in which the long-lived asset is used and the effects of obsolescence, demand, competition and other economic factors. If indicators of impairment are identified, the Company performs an undiscounted cash flow analysis of the long-lived assets. Asset groups are written down only to the extent that their carrying value is lower than their respective fair value. Fair values of the asset group are determined by discounting the cash flows at a rate that approximates the cost of capital of a market participant.

Players’ Liabilities

The Company’s players’ liabilities include liabilities for customer account balances, the incremental progressive jackpot reserve, and the expected future payout relating to customers’ unredeemed bonus store points and unused discretionary bonus incentives. Customer cash account balances consist of customer deposits, cash winnings and pending cash wagers, less customer cash losses, withdrawals and tax withholdings. The Company’s restricted cash balance, players receivables balance and the value of surety bonds held for the benefit of customers will equal or exceed the customer cash account balances.

Deferred Royalty

The Company records liabilities for minimum royalty payments related to licensing and market access agreements. These liabilities are recorded on the consolidated balance sheets at the present value of future payments discounted using a rate that reflects the duration of the agreement. The deferred royalty liability is accreted through interest expense in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations. The Company records deferred royalty liabilities as either current deferred royalty liabilities, or non-current deferred royalty liabilities based on the timing of future payments.

Warrant Liabilities

As part of dMY’s initial public offering, dMY issued to third-party investors 23.0 million units, each consisting of one share of dMY’s Class A common stock and one-half of one warrant, at a price of $10.00 per unit. Each whole warrant entitled the holder to purchase one share of Class A common stock at an exercise price of $11.50 per share (the “Public Warrants”). Simultaneously with its initial public offering, dMY sold 6,600,000 private placement warrants to the Sponsor (the “Private Placement Warrants”) and it issued an additional 75,000 warrants to the Sponsor upon the Closing in connection with converting certain working capital loans into warrants (the “Working Capital Warrants” and together with the Private Placement Warrants, the “Private Warrants” and the Private Warrants together with the Public Warrants, the “Warrants”). Each Private Warrant allowed the Sponsor to purchase one share of Class A Common Stock at $11.50 per

F-14

Table of Contents

RUSH STREET INTERACTIVE, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

share. Subsequent to the Business Combination, 11,500,000 Public Warrants and 6,675,000 Private Warrants remained outstanding. None of the Public Warrants or Private Warrants remained outstanding as of December 31, 2023 and 2022.

The Private Warrants and the shares of Class A Common Stock issuable upon the exercise of the Private Warrants were not transferable, assignable or salable until after the completion of a business combination, subject to certain limited exceptions. Additionally, the Private Warrants were exercisable for cash or on a cashless basis, at the holder’s option, and were non-redeemable so long as they are held by the initial purchasers or their permitted transferees. If the Private Warrants were held by someone other than the initial purchasers or their permitted transferees, the Private Warrants would have become redeemable by the Company and exercisable by such holders on the same basis as the Public Warrants.

The Company evaluated the Warrants pursuant to ASC 815-40 and concluded that they did not meet the criteria to be classified in stockholders’ equity. Specifically, the exercise of these Warrants may be settled in cash upon the occurrence of a tender offer or exchange that involves 50% or more of our stockholders holding Class A Common Stock. Because not all of the stockholders need to participate in such tender offer or exchange to trigger the potential cash settlement and the Company does not control the occurrence of such an event, the Company concluded that the Warrants did not meet the conditions to be classified in equity. Because the Warrants met the definition of a derivative under ASC 815-40, the Company records these Warrants as liabilities on its consolidated balance sheets at fair value as of each reporting date, with subsequent changes in their respective fair values recognized in its consolidated statements of operations.

See Note 7 for additional discussion of the Warrants.

Earnout Interests Liability

Earnout interests represent a freestanding financial instrument classified as liabilities on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets as the Company determined that these financial instruments are not indexed to the Company’s own equity in accordance with ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging. Earnout interests were initially recorded at fair value in the Business Combination and were adjusted to fair value at each reporting date with changes in fair value recorded in change in fair value of earnout interests liability in the consolidated statements of operations. None of the earnout interests remained outstanding as of December 31, 2023 and 2022.

See Note 8 for additional discussion of earnout interests.

Surety Bonds

As of December 31, 2023, the Company had been issued $28.0 million in surety bonds that are used to satisfy regulatory requirements related to securing cash held for the benefit of customers and $4.6 million in surety bonds to satisfy regulatory requirements necessary to operate in certain jurisdictions.

As of December 31, 2022, the Company had been issued $3.6 million in surety bonds to satisfy regulatory requirements necessary to operate in certain jurisdictions.

There have been no claims against any of the Company’s surety bonds and the likelihood of future claims is remote.

Concentrations of Credit Risk

Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of operating cash, restricted cash, cash equivalents, and short term investments. The Company maintains cash, restricted cash, cash equivalents, and short term investments primarily across nine financial institutions within separate bank accounts. Any loss incurred, or a lack of access, to such funds could have a significant adverse impact on the Company’s financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. Although the Company maintains balances with certain institutions in excess of the federally insured limits, the Company is not subject to unusual credit risk beyond the normal credit risk associated with commercial banking relationships. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company has not experienced losses on these accounts.

F-15

Table of Contents

RUSH STREET INTERACTIVE, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Leases

The Company determines whether an arrangement is or contains a lease at contract inception. The Company accounts for leases in accordance with ASC 842, Leases, under which arrangements meeting the definition of a lease are classified as operating or finance leases and are recorded on the consolidated balance sheets as both a right-of-use asset and a lease liability.

The Company elects to apply the practical expedient that allows for the combination of lease and non-lease components for all asset classes. The lease classification evaluation begins at the lease commencement date. The lease term used in the evaluation includes the non-cancellable period for which the Company has the right to use the underlying asset, together with renewal option periods when the exercise of the renewal option is reasonably certain.

For leases with an initial term greater than 12 months, a related lease liability is recorded on the consolidated balance sheets at the present value of future payments discounted using the interest rate implicit in the lease and if not determinable, the estimated fully collateralized incremental borrowing rate (discount rate) corresponding with the lease term. In addition, a right-of-use asset is recorded as the initial amount of the lease liability, plus any lease payments made to the lessor before or at the lease commencement date and any initial direct costs incurred, less any tenant improvement allowance incentives received. Tenant incentives are amortized through the right-of-use asset as a reduction of lease expense over the lease term. The difference between the minimum rents paid and the straight-line rent is reflected within the associated right-of-use asset. Certain leases contain provisions that require variable payments consisting of common area maintenance costs (i.e., variable lease cost). Variable lease costs are expensed as incurred. The Company made an accounting policy election to exclude any short-term lease (i.e., leases with a term of twelve months or less) from the balance sheet. Short-term lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

When the interest rate implicit in the lease is not readily determinable, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate corresponding with the lease term. As the Company does not have any outstanding debt, this rate is determined based on prevailing market conditions and comparable company and credit analysis. The discount rate is reassessed upon a modification that is not accounted for as a separate contract.

Revenue Recognition

Revenue is recognized in accordance with ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, when control of the promised goods or services is transferred to the customer, in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services. The Company determines revenue recognition through the following steps:

•Identify the contract with the customer

•Identify the performance obligations in the contract

•Determine the transaction price

•Allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract

•Recognize revenue when, or as, the company satisfies a performance obligation

The Company’s revenue from contracts with customers consists of online casino, online sports betting, retail sports betting and social gaming.

Online casino and online sports betting

Online casino offerings typically include the full suite of games available in land-based casinos, such as table games (i.e., blackjack and roulette) and slot machines. The Company generates revenue from these offerings through hold, or gross winnings, as customers play against the house. Online casino revenue is generated based on total customer bets less amounts paid to customers for winning bets, less other incentives awarded to customers, plus or minus the change in the progressive jackpot liability.

F-16

Table of Contents

RUSH STREET INTERACTIVE, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Online sports betting involves a user placing a bet on the outcome of a sporting event, sports-related activity, or a series of the same, with the chance to win a pre-determined amount, often referred to as fixed odds. Online sports betting revenue is generated by setting odds such that there is a built-in theoretical margin in each bet offered to customers. Online sports betting revenue is generated based on total customer bets less amounts paid to customers for winning bets, less other incentives awarded to customers, plus or minus the change in unsettled bets.

The Company provides various incentives to promote customer engagement, many of which allow customers to place bets without using their own funds. For some incentive programs, benefits are provided to customers based only on past play and represent an option that grants the customer a material right. Other benefits that are provided to customers are more discretionary in nature and may not be related to the customer’s level of play.

Performance obligations related to online gaming and sports betting transactions include (1) servicing the customer’s bet, which is fulfilled when the outcome of the bet is known and (2) transferring additional goods or services to a player for which the Company has received consideration, such as bonus store points or other discretionary bonus incentives.

Bonus store points as well as discretionary bonus incentives, such as bonus money and bonus bets (collectively referred to herein as “customer bonuses”) are recognized as a reduction to revenue upon issuance of the incentive and as revenue upon redemption by the customer. Reductions to revenue include estimates for the stand-alone selling price of customer bonuses and the percentage of customer bonuses that are expected to be redeemed. The expected redemption percentage is based on historical redemption patterns and considers current information or trends. The estimated redemption rate is evaluated each reporting period. The Company does not believe that there is a reasonable likelihood that there will be a material change in the future estimates or assumptions used to calculate the estimated redemption rate. Adjustments to earnings resulting from revisions to management’s estimates of the redemption rates have not been material during the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022.

Progressive jackpots related to online casino jackpot games are accrued and charged to revenue at the time the obligation to pay the jackpot is established. The progressive jackpot liability is recorded in Players’ liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets.

Retail sports betting

The Company provides retail sports services to land-based partners in exchange for a monthly commission based on that partner’s retail sportsbook revenue. Services generally include ongoing management and oversight of the retail sportsbook, technical support for the partner’s customers, risk management, advertising and promotion, and support for third-party vendors’ sports betting equipment. The Company has a single performance obligation to provide retail sports services and records the revenue as services are performed and when the commission amounts are no longer constrained (i.e., the amount is known).

Certain relationships with business partners provide the Company the ability to operate the retail sportsbook. In this scenario, revenue is generated based on total customer bets less amounts paid to customers for winning bets, less other incentives awarded to customers, plus or minus the change in unsettled retail sports bets.

Social gaming

The Company provides a social gaming platform for users to enjoy free-to-play games that use virtual credits. While virtual credits are issued to users for free, some users may choose to purchase additional virtual credits through the Company’s virtual cashier. The Company has a single performance obligation associated with social gaming services, to provide social gaming services to users upon the redemption of virtual credits. Deferred revenue is recorded when users purchase virtual credits and revenue is recognized when the virtual credits are redeemed, and the Company’s performance obligation has been fulfilled.

Certain costs to obtain or fulfill contracts

Pursuant to the accounting guidance, certain costs to obtain or fulfill a contract with a customer must be capitalized to the extent recoverable from the associated contract margin, and subsequently amortized as the products or services are delivered to the customer. These costs are capitalized as contract acquisition costs and are amortized over the period of benefit to the customer. For the Company, the period of benefit has been determined to be less than or equal to one year.

F-17

Table of Contents

RUSH STREET INTERACTIVE, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

As such, the Company applied the practical expedient and contract acquisition costs are expensed immediately. Customer contract costs that do not qualify for capitalization as contract fulfillment costs are expensed as incurred.

Contract balances

Contract assets and liabilities represent the differences in timing between the fulfillment of the Company's performance obligations and the receipt of cash from the Company's customers. The Company does not have material contract assets. The Company’s contract liabilities consist of deferred revenue.

Deferred revenue represents wagered amounts that relate to unsettled or pending outcomes, such as a future sports bet. The Company recognizes revenue once the outcome of the bet is settled and fixed. Deferred revenue also includes contract liabilities for the Company’s obligation to transfer additional goods or services to a customer for which the Company has received consideration, such as bonus store points. The Company recognizes breakage on these liabilities proportionately as redemption occurs. Revenue recognized relating to breakage during the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 was not material to the consolidated financial statements.

Deferred revenue relating to unsettled customer bets and unredeemed customer incentives is recorded in Players’ liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets.

Deferred revenue relating to the Company’s social gaming services includes virtual credits purchased by users but not yet redeemed and is recorded in other current liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets.

Principal versus agent considerations

The Company evaluates the criteria outlined in ASC 606-10-55, Principal versus Agent Considerations, in determining whether it is appropriate to record the gross amount of revenues and related costs, or the net amount earned as commissions. When the Company is the principal in a transaction and controls the specific good or service before it is transferred to the customer, revenue is recorded gross; otherwise, revenue is recorded on a net basis. The Company controls the promised goods or services for online casino and sports betting transactions, retail sports betting transactions and social gaming services, and as a result records related revenue on a gross basis. For retail sports service arrangements, the Company does not control the promised goods or services and, therefore, records the net amount of revenue earned as a commission.

See Note 3 for a disaggregation of the Company’s revenues.

Costs of Revenue

Costs of revenue consist primarily of (i) revenue share and market access fees which is reduced by any consideration received from the vendor, (ii) platform and content fees, (iii) gaming taxes, (iv) payment processing fees and chargebacks and (v) salaries, bonuses, benefits and share-based compensation for dedicated personnel. These costs are primarily variable in nature and should, in large part, correlate with the change in revenue. Revenue share and market access fees consist primarily of amounts paid to local land-based partners that hold the applicable gaming license, providing us the ability to offer our real-money online offerings in the respective jurisdictions. The Company’s platform and content fees are primarily driven by costs associated with third-party casino content, sports betting trading services and certain elements of our platform technology, such as geolocation and know-your-customer. Gaming taxes relate to state taxes that are determined on a jurisdiction-by-jurisdiction basis, or federal excise taxes that are determined based on a percentage of the value of online sports and retail sports bets. The Company incurs payment processing costs on player deposits and occasionally chargebacks (i.e., when a payment processor contractually disallows customer deposits in the normal course of business).

Advertising and Promotions Costs

Advertising and promotion costs consist primarily of marketing the Company’s products and services via different channels, promotional activities and the related costs incurred to acquire new customers. These costs also include salaries, bonuses, benefits and share-based compensation for dedicated personnel and are expensed as incurred.

F-18

Table of Contents

RUSH STREET INTERACTIVE, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

General and Administrative

General and administrative expenses consist primarily of administrative personnel costs, including salaries, bonuses and benefits, share-based compensation expenses, professional service fees (related to legal, compliance, accounting and consulting), rent expense and insurance costs.

Share-Based Compensation

The Company records share-based compensation in accordance with ASC 718, Compensation—Stock Compensation, and recognizes share-based compensation expense in the period in which a grantee is required to provide service, which is generally over the vesting period of the individual share-based payment award. Compensation expense for awards with performance conditions is not recognized until it is probable that the performance target will be achieved. Compensation expense for awards is recognized over the requisite service period on a straight-line basis. The Company accounts for forfeitures as they occur.

The Company classifies unit awards as either an equity award or a liability award depending on whether the award contains certain repurchase provisions. Equity-classified awards are valued as of the grant date based upon the price of the underlying unit or share and a number of assumptions, including volatility, performance period, risk-free interest rate and expected dividends. Liability-classified awards are valued at fair value at each reporting date. See Note 10 for additional information about share-based compensation.

Income Taxes

Rush Street Interactive, Inc. is a corporation and, as a result, is subject to U.S. federal, state and foreign income taxes.

RSILP is treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes and therefore does not pay U.S. federal income tax on its taxable income. Instead, the RSILP unitholders, including the Company, are liable for U.S. federal income tax on their respective shares of RSILP’s taxable income reported on the unitholders’ U.S. federal income tax returns. RSILP is liable for income taxes in those states not recognizing its status as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes.

The Company accounts for income taxes using the asset and liability method. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the estimated future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are calculated by applying existing tax laws and the rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect of a change in tax rates on deferred tax assets and liabilities is recognized in the year of the enacted rate change.

The Company recognizes deferred tax assets to the extent it believes these assets are more-likely-than-not to be realized. In making such a determination, the Company considers all available positive and negative evidence, including future reversals of existing taxable temporary differences, projected future taxable income, tax planning strategies and recent results of operations.

The Company accounts for uncertainty in income taxes using a recognition and measurement threshold for tax positions taken or expected to be taken in a tax return, which are subject to examination by applicable taxing authorities. The tax benefit from an uncertain tax position is recognized when it is more-likely-than-not that the position will be sustained upon examination by taxing authorities based on technical merits of the position. The amount of the tax benefit recognized is the largest amount of the benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement. The effective tax rate and the tax basis of assets and liabilities reflect management’s estimates of the ultimate outcome of various tax uncertainties. The Company recognizes penalties and interest related to uncertain tax positions within the provision (benefit) for income taxes line in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.

See Note 11, “Income Taxes” for additional information regarding income taxes.

Tax Receivable Agreement

In connection with the Business Combination, the Special Limited Partner entered into the TRA, which generally provides for the payment by it of 85% of certain net tax benefits, if any, that the Company (including the Special Limited

F-19

Table of Contents

RUSH STREET INTERACTIVE, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Partner) realize (or in certain cases is deemed to realize) as a result of these increases in tax basis and tax benefits related to the transactions contemplated under the Business Combination Agreement and the exchange of Retained RSILP Units for Class A Common Stock (or cash at the Company’s option) pursuant to the RSILP A&R LPA and tax benefits related to entering into the TRA, including tax benefits attributable to payments under the TRA. These payments are the obligation of the Special Limited Partner and not of RSILP. The actual increase in the Special Limited Partner’s allocable share of RSILP’s tax basis in its assets, as well as the amount and timing of any payments under the TRA, will vary depending upon a number of factors, including the timing of exchanges, the market price of the Class A Common Stock at the time of the exchange and the amount and timing of the recognition of the Company’s and its consolidated subsidiaries’ (including the Special Limited Partner’s) income. While many of the factors that will determine the amount of payments that the Special Limited Partner will make under the TRA are outside of the Company’s control, the Company expects that the payments the Special Limited Partner will make under the TRA will be substantial and could have a material adverse effect on the financial condition of the Company.

The Company evaluates the realizability of the deferred tax assets resulting from the exchange of RSILP Units for Class A Common Stock. If the deferred tax assets are determined to be realizable, the Company then assesses whether payment of amounts under the TRA have become probable. If so, the Company records a TRA liability equal to 85% of such deferred tax assets. In subsequent periods, the Company assesses the realizability of all of its deferred tax assets subject to the TRA. Should it be determined that a deferred tax asset with a valuation allowance is realizable in a subsequent period, the related valuation allowance will be released and consideration of a corresponding TRA liability will be assessed. The realizability of deferred tax assets, including those subject to the TRA, is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income during the periods in which those deferred tax assets become deductible and consideration of prudent and feasible tax-planning strategies.

The measurement of the TRA liability is accounted for as a contingent liability. Therefore, once the Company determines that a payment becomes probable and can be estimated, the estimate of the payment will be accrued.

Loss Per Share

Basic net loss per share of Class A Common Stock is computed by dividing net earnings attributable to RSI by the weighted-average number of shares of Class A Common Stock outstanding during the same period.

Diluted net loss per share of Class A Common Stock is computed by dividing net loss attributable to RSI, adjusted for the assumed exchange of all potentially dilutive securities, by the weighted-average number of shares of Class A Common Stock outstanding adjusted to give effect to potentially dilutive shares. The dilutive effect of outstanding awards or financial instruments, if any, is reflected in diluted loss per share by application of the treasury stock method or if-converted method, as applicable.

See Note 12 for additional discussion of the loss per share.

Foreign Currency

The Company’s reporting currency is the U.S. dollar while the functional currency of subsidiaries not deemed to be the U.S. dollar include the Colombian Peso, Mexican Peso and Canadian Dollar. The financial statements of non-U.S. subsidiaries are translated into U.S. dollars in accordance with ASC 830, Foreign Currency Matters, using period-end exchange rates for assets and liabilities, and average exchange rates for the period for revenues, costs, and expenses and historical exchange rates for equity. Translation adjustments resulting from the process of translating the local currency financial statements into U.S. dollars are included in determining other comprehensive income (loss).

If transactions are recorded in a currency other than the subsidiary’s functional currency, remeasurement into the functional currency is required and may result in transaction gains or losses. Transaction gains (losses) were $0.9 million, $(1.9) million and less than $(0.1) million for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Amounts are recorded in general and administrative on the Company’s consolidated statements of operations.

Fair Value Measurements

F-20

Table of Contents

RSI US Equity

RSI · 10-K · period ended 2023-12-31

ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA

ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE

ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 9C. DISCLOSURE REGARDING FOREIGN JURISDICTIONS THAT PREVENT INSPECTIONS

ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION

ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS

ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE

ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES

ITEM 15. EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES

RSI US Equity☆

RSI · 10-K · period ended 2023-12-31

ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA

ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE

ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 9C. DISCLOSURE REGARDING FOREIGN JURISDICTIONS THAT PREVENT INSPECTIONS

ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION

ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS

ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE

ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES

ITEM 15. EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES

RSI US Equity