ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Information pertaining to fiscal years 2023 and 2022 was included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K/A (“Form 10-K/A”) for the year ended December 31, 2023, on pages 36 through 50 under Part II, Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” which was filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on November 18, 2024 and Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, on pages 37 through 53 under Part II, Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” which was filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 22, 2023, respectively.

Repligen and its subsidiaries, collectively doing business as Repligen Corporation (“Repligen”, “we”, “our”, or “the Company”) is a global life sciences company that develops and commercializes highly innovated bioprocessing technology and systems that increase efficiencies and flexibility in the process of manufacturing biological drugs.

As the overall market for biologics continues to grow and expand, our customers – primarily large biopharmaceutical companies and contract development and manufacturing organizations and other life sciences companies (integrators) – face critical production cost, capacity, quality and time pressures. Built to address these concerns, our products help set new standards for the way biologics are manufactured. We are committed to inspiring advances in bioprocessing as a trusted partner in the production of critical biologic drugs – including monoclonal antibodies (“mAbs”), recombinant proteins, vaccines and cell and gene therapies (“C&GT”) – that are improving human health worldwide. Increasingly, our technologies are being implemented to overcome challenges in processing plasmid DNA (a starting material for the production of mRNA) and gene delivery vectors such as lentivirus and adeno-associated viral vectors. For more information regarding our business, products and acquisitions, see above sections in Part I, Item 1. "Business" including “Overview”, “Our Products”, “2024 Acquisitions”, “2023 Acquisitions” and “Our Market Opportunity” sections therein.

Macroeconomic Trends

As a result of our global presence, a significant portion of our revenue and expenses is denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar. We are therefore subject to non-U.S. exchange exposure. Exchange rates can be volatile and a substantial weakening or strengthening of foreign currencies against the U.S. dollar could increase or reduce our revenue and gross profit margin and impact the comparability of results from period to period.

We have experienced, and expect to continue to experience, cost inflation, primarily in raw materials, and other supply chain costs, as a result of global macroeconomic trends, including global geopolitical conflicts and labor shortages. Actions taken to mitigate supply chain disruptions and inflation, including price increases and productivity improvements, have generally been successful in offsetting the impact of these trends. In addition, decreasing demand for vaccines for the COVID-19 pandemic, including all subsequent variants of the SARS-CoV-1 coronavirus (“COVID-19”) is driving a reduction in future demand of our products related to these vaccines. We expect that these trends will continue to impact our results for 2025 as well.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

While our significant accounting policies are more fully described in the notes to our consolidated financial statements, we have identified the policies and estimates below as being critical to our business operations and the understanding of our results of operations. These policies require management’s most difficult, subjective or complex judgments, often as a result of the need to make estimates about the effect of matters that are inherently uncertain. The impact of and any associated risks related to these policies on our business operations are discussed throughout “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” specifically in the “Results of Operations” section, where such policies affect our reported and expected financial results. Although we believe that our estimates, assumptions, and judgments are reasonable, they are based upon information presently available. Actual results may differ significantly from these estimates under different assumptions, judgments, or conditions.

Revenue recognition

We generate revenue from the sale of bioprocessing products, equipment devices, and related consumables used with these equipment devices to customers in the life science and biopharmaceutical industries. Under Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 606, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers,” revenue is recognized when, or as, obligations under the terms of a contract are

satisfied, which occurs when control of the promised products or services is transferred to customers. Revenue is measured as the amount of consideration we expect to receive in exchange for transferring products or services to a customer (“transaction price”). To the extent the transaction price includes variable consideration, we estimate the amount of variable consideration that should be included in the transaction price utilizing the expected value method or the most likely amount method, depending on the facts and circumstances relative to the contract. Variable consideration is included in the transaction price if, in our judgment, it is probable that a significant future reversal of cumulative revenue under the contract will not occur. Estimates of variable consideration and the determination of whether to include estimated amounts in the transaction price are based largely on an assessment of our anticipated performance and all information (historical, current and forecasted) that is reasonably available. Sales, value add, and other taxes collected on behalf of third parties are excluded from revenue.

When determining the transaction price of a contract, an adjustment is made if payment from a customer occurs either significantly before or significantly after performance, resulting in a significant financing component. We do not assess whether a significant financing component exists if the period between when we perform our obligations under the contract and when the customer pays is one year or less. None of our contracts contained a significant financing component as of December 31, 2024.

Contracts with customers may contain multiple performance obligations. For such arrangements, the transaction price is allocated to each performance obligation based on the estimated relative standalone selling prices of the promised products or services underlying each performance obligation. We determine standalone selling prices based on the price at which the performance obligation is sold separately. If the standalone selling price is not observable through past transactions, we estimate the standalone selling price taking into account available information such as market conditions and internally approved pricing guidelines related to the performance obligations.

We recognize product revenue under the terms of each customer agreement upon transfer of control to the customer, which occurs at a point in time.

Shipping and handling fees are recorded as a component of product revenue, with the associated costs recorded as a component of cost of goods sold in our consolidated statements of comprehensive income.

Inventories

We value inventory at cost or, if lower, net realizable value, using the first-in, first-out method. We review our inventory at least quarterly and record a provision for excess and obsolete inventory based on our estimates of expected sales volume, production capacity and expiration dates of raw materials, work-in-process and finished products. We write down inventory that has become obsolete, inventory that has a cost basis in excess of its expected net realizable value, and inventory in excess of expected requirements to cost of goods sold in our consolidated statements of comprehensive income. Manufacturing of bioprocessing finished goods is done to order and tested for quality specifications prior to shipment.

A change in the estimated timing or amount of demand for our products could result in additional provisions for excess inventory quantities on hand. Any significant unanticipated changes in demand or unexpected quality failures could have a significant impact on the value of inventory and reported operating results. In 2024, we recorded $36.0 million in inventory adjustments, which includes the impact of the Company discontinuing the sale of certain product SKUs and the impact of having proactively secured materials during the pandemic to meet accelerated demand during a challenging supply chain environment in the industry. Where demand has reduced, finished goods and raw materials, whose value exceeded the projected requirements to be used before reaching their expiration date, or in a reasonable time horizon, were written down to their realizable value. The Restructuring Plan described in Note 7, “Restructuring Activities and Other Inventory-Related Charges,” to our consolidated financial statements, also includes the closing of manufacturing facilities and excess production lines, which included inventory that could not be repurposed.

Business combinations

purchase price over the fair value of the net tangible and intangible assets acquired is allocated to goodwill. While we use our best estimates and assumptions to accurately value assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the acquisition date as well as any contingent consideration, where applicable, our estimates are inherently uncertain and subject to refinement. As a result, during the measurement period, which may be up to one year from the acquisition date, we record adjustments to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed with the corresponding offset to goodwill. Upon conclusion of the measurement period or final determination of the values of assets acquired or liabilities assumed, whichever comes first, any subsequent adjustments are recorded to our consolidated statements of comprehensive income. The Company estimates the fair value of the contingent consideration earnouts using a Monte Carlo Simulation and updates the fair value of the contingent consideration at each reporting period based on the estimated probability of achieving the earnout targets and applying a discount rate that captures the risk associated with the expected contingent payments. To the extent that our estimates change in the future regarding the likelihood of achieving these targets, we may need to record material adjustments to our accrued contingent consideration. Such changes in the fair value of contingent consideration are recorded as contingent consideration in our consolidated statements of comprehensive income. The fair value of contingent consideration obligations for the year ended December 31, 2024 had a net change of $3.2 million primarily related to the change in the contingent consideration obligations from the acquisition of Avitide, Inc. (“Avitide”) in September 2021.

We use the income approach to determine the fair value of certain identifiable intangible assets including customer relationships and developed technology. This approach determines fair value by estimating after-tax cash flows attributable to these assets over their respective useful lives and then discounting these after-tax cash flows back to a present value. We base our assumptions on estimates of future cash flows, expected growth rates, expected trends in technology, etc. We base the discount rates used to arrive at a present value as of the date of acquisition on the time value of money and certain industry-specific risk factors. We believe the estimated purchased customer relationships, developed technologies, trademark/tradename, patents, non-competition agreements and in-process research and development ("R&D") amounts so determined represent the fair value at the date of acquisition and do not exceed the amount a third-party would pay for the assets.

Intangible assets and goodwill

Intangible assets

Intangible assets with a definite life are amortized over their useful lives using the straight-line method and the amortization expense is recorded within cost of goods sold, research and development, and selling, general and administrative expense in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income. Intangible assets and their related useful lives are reviewed at least annually to determine if any adverse conditions exist, that would indicate the carrying value of these assets may not be recoverable. More frequent impairment assessments are conducted if certain conditions exist, including a change in the competitive landscape, any internal decisions to pursue new or different technology strategies, a loss of a significant customer, or a significant change in the marketplace, including changes in the prices paid for the Company’s products or changes in the size of the market for the Company’s products. If impairment indicators are present, the Company determines whether the underlying intangible asset is recoverable through estimated future undiscounted cash flows. If the asset is not found to be recoverable, it is written down to the estimated fair value of the asset based on the sum of the future discounted cash flows expected to result from the use and disposition of the asset. If the estimate of an intangible asset’s remaining useful life is changed, the remaining carrying amount of the intangible asset is amortized prospectively over the revised remaining useful life. The Company continues to believe that its definite-lived intangible assets are recoverable at December 31, 2024.

Indefinite-lived intangible assets are tested for impairment at least annually. There has been no impairment of our intangible assets for the periods presented.

Goodwill

We test goodwill for impairment on an annual basis and between annual tests if events and circumstances indicate it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying value. Events that would indicate impairment and trigger an interim impairment assessment include, but are not limited to, macroeconomic conditions, industry and market conditions, entity specific factors such as strategies and financial performance, a significant adverse change in legal factors and an adverse action or assessment by a regulator. Goodwill is tested for impairment as of October 1 of each year, or more frequently as warranted by events or changes in circumstances mentioned above. Accounting guidance also permits an optional qualitative assessment for goodwill to

determine whether it is more likely than not that the carrying value of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value. If, after this qualitative assessment, we determine that it is not more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, then no further quantitative testing would be necessary. A quantitative assessment is performed if the qualitative assessment results in a more likely than not determination or if a qualitative assessment is not performed. The quantitative assessment considers whether the carrying amount of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value, in which case an impairment charge is recorded to the extent the reporting unit’s carrying value exceeds its fair value.

We operate as one reporting unit. We performed a qualitative assessment for our reporting unit as of October 1, 2024, December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022. Based on the assessment, we concluded that it was more likely than not that the estimated fair value of our reporting unit for 2024, 2023 and 2022 was higher than its carrying value for such years, and that the performance of the quantitative impairment test was not required. Therefore, no impairment was required for any of the periods presented.

Prior to fiscal year 2024, testing of impairment on our goodwill occurred annually as of our measurement date of December 31st, pursuant to Company policy. Subsequent to the 2023 annual impairment test, which was completed on December 31, 2023, we voluntarily changed our annual impairment assessment date from December 31st to October 1st, the first day of our fourth quarter, beginning on October 1, 2024. The change is being made to better align the annual impairment assessment date with our annual planning and budgeting process as well as the long-term planning and forecasting process. We have determined that this voluntary change in accounting principle is preferable and will not impact our consolidated financial statements nor is it being done to accelerate, avoid or trigger an impairment charge. This change is not going to be applied retrospectively as it is impracticable to do so because retrospective application would require application of significant estimates and assumptions with the use of hindsight. Therefore, the change will be applied prospectively.

Debt accounting

In December 2023, we issued $600.0 million aggregate principal amount of 1.00% Convertible Senior Notes due 2028 (“2023 Notes”) in a private placement pursuant to separate, privately negotiated exchange and subscription agreements (the “Exchange and Subscription Agreements”) with a limited number of holders of our outstanding 0.375% Convertible Senior Notes due 2024 (“2019 Notes”) and certain other qualified institutional buyers pursuant to Rule 144A under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. Pursuant to the Exchange and Subscription Agreements, we exchanged $217.7 million of our 2019 Notes for $309.9 million aggregate principal amount of the 2023 Notes (the “Exchange Transaction”) and issued $290.1 million aggregate principal amount of the 2023 Notes in a private placement to accredited institutional buyers (the “Subscription Transactions”) for cash. Immediately following the closing of the aforementioned transactions, $69.7 million in aggregate principal amount of the 2019 Notes remained outstanding.

We evaluated the Exchange Transaction and determined approximately $29.6 million of the $217.7 million principal of the exchanged 2019 Notes were accounted for as extinguishments of debt and approximately $188.1 million were accounted for as modification of debt. As a result, we recognized a $12.7 million loss on extinguishment of debt in our consolidated statements of comprehensive income for the year ended December 31, 2023. This included unamortized debt issuance costs related to the extinguished 2019 Notes. Under modification accounting, the carrying amount of the modified 2019 Notes was reduced by $2.8 million, with the offset going to additional paid-in capital, to account for the increase in fair value of the embedded conversion option in the modification. The increase in principal, along with the increased option value, totaling $82.1 million, is reflected as a debt discount and is a direct reduction from the carrying value of the debt on our consolidated balance sheets. This amount will be accreted as an adjustment to interest expense using the effective interest method and will accrete up to the full face value of the 2023 Notes of $600.0 million.

Proceeds from the Subscription Transactions amounted to $276.1 million after debt issuance costs of $14.0 million. The exchange resulted in $6.2 million of the debt issuance costs related to the modified notes to be recorded to amortization of debt issuance costs in our 2023 consolidated statement of comprehensive income under the rules of modification accounting. The remaining debt issuance costs of $7.8 million as well as $0.7 million of unamortized costs carried over from the 2019 Notes at the exchange date, were capitalized within long-term debt (as a contra-liability) in our consolidated balance sheets and will be amortized as an adjustment to amortization of debt issuance costs over the five-year term of the 2023 Notes in our consolidated statement of comprehensive income. The carrying value of the 2023 Notes of $525.6 million is included in long-term debt on our consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2024.

Prior to the close of business on the business day immediately preceding September 15, 2028, the 2023 Notes will be convertible at the option of the holders of 2023 Notes only upon the satisfaction of specified conditions and during certain periods into cash up to their principal amount, and into cash, shares of the Company's common stock or a combination of cash and the Company's common stock, at the Company's election, for the conversion value above the principal amount, if any. Thereafter until the close of business on the second scheduled trading day immediately preceding the maturity date, the 2023 Notes will be convertible at the options of the holders of 2023 Notes at any time regardless of these conditions. The Company may redeem for cash, all or a portion of the 2023 Notes, at its option, on or after December 18, 2026 and prior to the 21st scheduled trading day immediately preceding the maturity date at a redemption price of 100% of the principal amount of the 2023 Notes to be redeemed, plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding the redemption date, if certain conditions are met in accordance to the indenture.

During the fourth quarter of 2023, the closing price of the Company’s common stock exceeded 130% of the conversion price of the 2019 Notes for more than 20 trading days of the last 30 consecutive trading days of the quarter. As a result, the remaining $69.7 million aggregate principal amount of 2019 Notes were convertible at the option of the holders of the 2019 Notes during the first quarter of 2024. During 2024, $0.2 million aggregate principal amount of the 2019 Notes converted, bringing the remaining outstanding 2019 Notes to $69.5 million in aggregate principal amount. The remaining 2019 Notes matured and were paid off in full on July 15, 2024. The Company irrevocably elected to settle the conversion of the 2019 Notes using a combination of cash and the Company’s common stock, settling the par value of the 2019 Notes in cash and any excess conversion premium in shares. In connection with the conversion, the Company paid $69.6 million in cash, which included principal and accrued interest, and issued 100,944 shares of the Company’s common stock representing the conversion premium.

Stock-based compensation

We use the Black-Scholes option pricing model to calculate the fair value of stock option awards on the grant date. The expected term of options granted represents the period of time for which the options are expected to be outstanding and is derived from our historical stock option exercise experience and option expiration data. For purposes of estimating the expected term, we have aggregated all individual option awards into one group, as we do not expect substantial differences in exercise behavior among our employees. The expected volatility is a measure of the amount by which our stock price is expected to fluctuate during the expected term of options granted. We determined the expected volatility based upon the historical volatility of our common stock over a period commensurate with the option’s expected term. The risk-free interest rate is the implied yield available on U.S. treasury zero-coupon issues with a remaining term equal to the option’s expected term on the grant date. We have never declared or paid any cash dividends on any of our capital stock and do not expect to do so in the foreseeable future. Accordingly, we use an expected dividend yield of zero to calculate the grant-date fair value of a stock option.

The fair value for stock units, which include restricted stock units and performance stock units, is calculated using the closing price of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant. We recognize compensation expense on awards that vest based on service conditions on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period based upon the number of options that are ultimately expected to vest, and accordingly, such compensation expense has been adjusted by an amount of estimated forfeitures. We recognize compensation expense on awards that vest based on performance conditions following our assessment of the probability that the performance condition will be achieved over the service period. Forfeitures represent only the unvested portion of surrendered options, restricted stock units and performance stock units. Forfeitures are estimated at the time of grant and revised, if necessary, in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from those estimates. Based on an analysis of historical data, we have calculated an 8% annual forfeiture rate for non-executive level employees, a 3% annual forfeiture rate for executive level employees, and a 0% forfeiture rate for non-employee members of the Board of Directors (“Board”), which we believe are reasonable assumptions to estimate forfeitures. However, the estimation of forfeitures requires significant judgment and, to the extent actual results or updated estimates differ from our current estimates, a cumulative adjustment to stock-based compensation expense will be recorded in the period estimates are revised.

For the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, we recorded stock-based compensation expense of $48.1 million, $25.6 million and $27.3 million, respectively, for share-based awards granted under all of the Company’s stock plans.

As of December 31, 2024, there was $56.5 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested share-based awards. This cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted average remaining requisite service period of 2.7 years. We expect 2,305,232 unvested options and stock units to vest over the next five years.

Income taxes

Deferred taxes are determined based on the difference between the consolidated financial statements and tax basis of assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates in effect in the years in which the differences are expected to reverse. Valuation allowances are provided, if, based upon the weight of available evidence, it is more likely than not that some or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. We account for uncertain tax positions using a “more-likely-than-not” threshold for recognizing and resolving uncertain tax positions. The evaluation of uncertain tax positions is based on factors including, but not limited to, changes in tax law, the measurement of tax positions taken or expected to be taken in tax returns, the effective settlement of matters subject to audit, new audit activity and changes in facts or circumstances related to a tax position. We evaluate our tax position on a quarterly basis. We also accrue for potential interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits in income tax expense. We are subject to a territorial tax system under the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act enacted in December 2017, in which we are required to provide for tax on Global Intangible Low-Taxed Income (“GILTI”) earned by certain foreign subsidiaries. We adopted an accounting policy to provide for the tax expense related to GILTI in the year the tax is incurred as a period expense.

In addition, we are subject to the continual examination of our income tax returns by the U.S. Internal Revenue Service and other domestic and foreign tax authorities. We regularly assess the likelihood of outcomes resulting from these examinations to determine the adequacy of our provision for income taxes and have reserved for potential adjustments that may result from such examinations. We believe such estimates to be reasonable; however, the final determination of any of these examinations could significantly impact the amounts provided for income taxes in our consolidated financial statements.

Recent accounting standards update

See Note 2, “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies – Recent Accounting Standards Updates,” to our consolidated financial statements included in this report for more information.

Results of Operations

The following discussion of the financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with the accompanying consolidated financial statements and the related footnotes thereto.

Revenues

Total revenues for years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 were comprised of the following:

(Amounts in thousands, except for percentage data)

Revenue:

Product revenues

Since 2016, we have been increasingly focused on selling our products directly to customers in the pharmaceutical industry and to our contract manufacturers. These direct sales have represented 89.7% of our total product revenue during 2024 compared to 85.8% of our total product revenue in 2023. Sales of our bioprocessing products can be impacted by the timing of large-scale production orders and the regulatory approvals for such antibodies, which may result in significant quarterly fluctuations.

Product revenues were comprised of the following:

For the Years Ended December 31,

(Amounts in thousands)

Revenue from the sale of our products which make up our filtration, chromatography, process analytics and proteins franchises comes from the sale of a number of products as described in Part I, Item 1. “Business - Our Products” of this report. Other revenue primarily consists of revenue from the sale of our operating room products to hospitals as well as freight revenue.

In 2024, product revenue increased by $2.2 million, or 0.3%, as compared to 2023. The change is primarily driven by an increase of $31.6 million in our Filtration product revenue led by the success our of XCell ATF business. This increase was primarily offset by a decrease in our Proteins product revenue of $29.0 million, caused by headwinds in demand as Cytiva (a standalone operating company owned by Danaher Corporation) has moved certain ligand production in-house.

Royalty revenues

Royalty revenues for all periods presented relate to royalties received from a third-party systems manufacturer associated with our OPUS® chromatography columns. Royalty revenues are variable and are dependent on sales generated by our partner.

Costs and operating expenses

Total costs and operating expenses for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 were comprised of the following:

(Amounts in thousands, except for percentage data)

Cost of goods sold

In 2024, cost of goods sold increased $5.9 million, or 1.7%, compared to 2023, including an incremental $12.5 million of inventory adjustments compared to the prior year to reflect inventory at net realizable value, and an incremental $6.1 million charge compared to the prior year related to manufacturing facilities closed and equipment abandoned. These increases were partially offset by a decrease in accelerated depreciation of $3.8 million and a decrease in severance and employee related costs from restructuring of $1.2 million. See Note 6, “Restructuring Activities and Other Inventory-Related Charges” of this report for more information on the restructuring activities to simplify and streamline our organization and strengthen our overall effectiveness of our operations (“Restructuring Plan”). Our restructuring and other inventory-related activities include consolidating a portion of our manufacturing facilities between certain U.S. locations, writing-off abandoned equipment with the rationalization of excess production line capacity, discontinuing the sale of certain product SKUs, and evaluating the net realizable value of finished goods and raw materials. The non-cash inventory write-off in 2024 is the result of the Company discontinuing the sale of certain product SKUs and is also the result of the further evaluation of inventory positions in unusually turbulent market supply conditions. Where the value of finished goods and raw materials exceeded

the projected requirements to be used before reaching their expiration date, or in a reasonable time horizon, they were written down to their realizable value.

The increase in restructuring changes was partially offset by a decrease in employee-related costs unrelated to the restructuring activities in 2024, as compared to 2023.

Gross margin was 43.3% in 2024, compared to 44.0% in 2023. The reduction in gross margin in 2024 as compared to 2023, is primarily due to restructuring activities as noted above during 2024 to simplify and streamline our organization and strengthen the overall effectiveness of our operations, which were $13.6 million higher in 2024 than 2023. Partially offsetting this increase in costs, margins increased as a result of a change in product mix.

Research and development expenses

R&D expenses are related to bioprocessing products, which include personnel, supplies and other research expenses. Due to the fact that these various programs share personnel and fixed costs, we do not track all of our expenses or allocate any fixed costs by program, and therefore, have not provided historical costs incurred by project.

R&D expenses increased $0.5 million, or 1.1%, during 2024, compared to 2023. The increase during the periods is primarily due to a $1.8 million increase in employee-related costs, partially offset by a decrease in product development costs of $1.4 million.

R&D expense also includes payments made to expand our proteins product offering through our development agreement with Navigo Proteins GmbH (“Navigo”). Such expenses were $3.1 million in 2024, $3.8 million in 2023, and $2.6 million in 2022 in the form of milestone payments to Navigo.

Selling, general and administrative expenses

Selling, general and administrative (“SG&A”) expenses include the costs associated with selling our commercial products and costs required to support our marketing efforts, including legal, accounting, patent, shareholder services, amortization of intangible assets and other administrative functions.

SG&A costs increased by $44.8 million, or 20.5%, in 2024, as compared to 2023 primarily due to $22.4 million in costs associated with the modification of our former Chief Executive Officer’s (“CEO”) unvested equity awards resulting from the announcement of his transition from CEO to Executive Chair of our Board, which was announced on June 12, 2024 and effective September 1, 2024. For more information on the former CEO’s transition to Executive Chair of our Board, see Note 13, “Stockholders’ Equity - Chief Executive Officer Accounting Modifications” included in this report. In addition, employee-related costs increased $15.9 million, and rent increased $5.9 million primarily related to the expansion of our Waltham headquarters.

Contingent consideration

Contingent consideration represents the change in fair value of the contingent consideration obligation included in current and noncurrent contingent consideration on the consolidated balance sheets as of the end of each period. Remeasurement of the contingent consideration obligation is done each quarter and the carrying value of the obligation is adjusted to the current fair value through our consolidated statements of comprehensive income. In 2024, 2023 and 2022, actual and expected results and a change in market inputs used to calculate the discount rate, resulted in adjustments to the fair value of the contingent consideration obligation for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 of $3.2 million, ($30.6) million, and ($28.7) million, respectively.

Other income (expenses), net

The table below provides detail regarding our other income (expenses), net:

(Amounts in thousands, except for percentage data)

Investment income

Investment income includes income earned on invested cash balances. Our investment income increased by $11.7 million in 2024, as compared to 2023 due to having higher average invested cash balances since December 31, 2023. We expect investment income to vary based on changes in the amount of funds invested and fluctuation of interest rates.

Interest expense

Interest expense in 2024 is primarily from contractual coupon interest on the convertible debt outstanding as of December 31, 2024. On December 14, 2023, we entered into a privately negotiated exchange and subscription agreement with certain holders of the 2019 Notes and certain new investors pursuant to which we issued $600.0 million aggregate principal amount of the 2023 Notes. Interest expense in 2024 includes $0.1 million of interest on the 2019 Notes, compared to $1.0 million of interest expense on the 2019 Notes in 2023. Interest expense in 2024 also includes $6.0 million of contractual coupon interest on the 2023 Notes for which there were no comparable amounts in 2023 as well as $13.7 million in accretion of the $82.1 million debt discount on the modified notes, which includes the accretion of an increase in principal and the accretion of increased fair value of the conversion option in 2024, for which there were no comparable costs in 2023. See Note 15, “Convertible Senior Notes,” to our consolidated financial statements included in this report for more information on this transaction.

Loss on extinguishment of debt

In 2023, as part of the Exchange Transaction, we exchanged $217.7 million in aggregate principal amount of the 2019 Notes for $309.9 million in aggregate principal amount of the 2023 Notes. Upon evaluation of the Exchange Transaction, approximately $29.6 million, of the $217.7 million in aggregate principal amount of the 2019 Notes were deemed extinguished. As a result, we recorded a $12.7 million loss on extinguishment of debt in our consolidated statements of comprehensive income in 2023, which includes a $12.6 million write-off for the increase in principal of the converted notes being extinguished and a $0.1 million write-off of unamortized debt issuance costs related to the converted notes being extinguished. No such transactions occurred in 2024.

Amortization of debt issuance costs

Amortization of debt issuance costs decreased during 2024, as compared to 2023. Transaction costs related to the issuance of the 2019 Notes and the 2023 Notes are amortized to amortization of debt issuance costs on the consolidated statements of comprehensive income. Any third-party costs directly related to the modification or exchange are expensed as incurred. Therefore, in 2023, we recorded $6.4 million to amortization of debt issuance costs, which included $6.2 million of debt issuance costs directly related to the modified notes and $0.2 million of amortization of the capitalized debt issuance costs.

Other income (expenses), net

The changes in other expenses, net in 2024, as compared to 2023, is primarily attributable to realized and unrealized foreign currency gains and losses related to transactions with customers and vendors, as well as the revaluation impact of intercompany loans with subsidiaries.

Income tax (benefit) provision

Income tax (benefit) provision for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 was as follows:

(Amounts in thousands, except for percentage data)

Effective tax rate 5.6 % 37.2 %

For year ended December 31, 2024, we recorded an income tax benefit of $1.5 million. The effective tax rate was 5.6% for 2024 and is based upon the net loss for the year ended December 31, 2024 and the composition of income in different jurisdictions. The difference in effective tax rates between 2024 and 2023 was primarily due to a loss before income taxes and nonrecurring nondeductible loss on extinguishment of debt and debt discount that occurred in 2023.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

We have financed our operations primarily through revenues derived from product sales, and the issuance of the Notes and public offerings. Most recently, the 2023 Notes issued in in December 2023. Our revenue for the foreseeable future will primarily be limited to our bioprocessing product revenue.

At December 31, 2024, we had cash and cash equivalents of $757.4 million compared to cash and cash equivalents of $751.3 million at December 31, 2023. There were no restrictions on cash as of December 31, 2024 and 2023.

In 2024, we acquired Tantti for $54.8 million in cash, net of cash acquired. In connection with the acquisitions, the Company has an obligation to pay up to $54.5 million (undiscounted) in contingent consideration earnout payments in cash over a three-year earnout period beginning January 1, 2025 and ending December 31, 2027. See Note 3, “Fair Value Measurements,” and Note 5, “Acquisitions,” for additional information.

On December 14, 2023, the Company issued $600.0 million aggregate principal amount of its 2023 Notes in a private placement pursuant to separate, privately negotiated exchange and subscription agreements (the “Exchange and Subscription Agreements”) with a limited number of holders of its outstanding 2019 Notes and certain other qualified institutional buyers pursuant to Rule 144A under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (“Securities Act”). Pursuant to the Exchange and Subscription Agreements, the Company exchanged $217.7 million of its 2019 Notes for $309.9 million aggregate principal amount of the 2023 Notes (the “Exchange Transaction”) and issued $290.1 million aggregate principal amount of the 2023 Notes (the “Subscription Transactions”) for $290.1 million in cash. Proceeds from the Subscription Transactions amounted to $276.1 million after debt issuance costs of $13.9 million. The 2023 Notes are senior, unsecured obligations of the Company, and bear interest at a rate of 1.00% per year. Interest is payable semi-annually in arrears on each June 15 and December 15, commencing on June 15, 2024. The 2023 Notes will mature on December 15, 2028, unless earlier redeemed, repurchased or converted. During the fourth quarter of 2024, the closing price of the Company's common stock did not exceed 130% of the conversion price of the 2023 Notes for more than 20 trading days of the last 30 consecutive trading days of the quarter. As a result, the 2023 Notes are not convertible at the option of the holders of the 2023 Notes during the fourth quarter of 2024, the quarter immediately following the quarter when the conditions are met, as stated in the indenture governing the 2023 Notes. For more information on the 2023 Notes, see Note 15, Convertible Senior Notes, to this report.

In 2024, we had lease arrangements for certain equipment and facilities including corporate and manufacturing sites. As of December 31, 2024, the Company had fixed lease payment obligations of $195.5 million, with $24.9 million payable within 12 months. See Note 7, “Leases,” for additional information.

In 2024, we had other purchase obligations primarily consisting of purchase commitments with certain vendors and open purchase orders for the procurement of raw materials for manufacturing. As of December 31, 2024, the Company had other purchase obligations of $31.0 million, payable within 12 months.

Cash flows

(Amounts in thousands)

Cash provided by (used in):

Operating activities

For 2024, our operating activities provided cash of $175.4 million reflecting net loss of $25.5 million and non-cash charges totaling $140.0 million primarily related to depreciation, intangible amortization, amortization of debt discount and issuance costs, contingent consideration fair value adjustments, deferred income taxes, stock-based compensation charges, loss on disposal of fixed assets, and right of use asset amortization. A decrease in inventory contributed $56.9 million to the change in working capital, of which $36.1 million was related to the Restructuring Plan and other inventory-related charges. Accounts payable and accrued expenses provided $19.0 million due to the timing of payments to vendors. Partially offsetting these favorable changes, accounts receivable increased $14.0 million due to timing of sales and receipts from customers.

For 2023, our operating activities provided cash of $113.9 million reflecting net income of $35.6 million and non-cash charges totaling $98.4 million primarily related to amortization of inventory step-up charges, depreciation expense, intangible amortization expense, amortization of debt discount and issuance costs, contingent consideration fair value adjustments, deferred income taxes, stock-based compensation charges, loss on extinguishment of debt and operating lease right of use asset amortization. A decrease in inventory provided $41.0 million of which $23.6 million was related to the Restructuring Plan. An increase in prepaid expenses, primarily related to prepaid taxes and insurance as well as subscriptions, consumed $13.3 million. A decrease in accounts payable and accrued expenses consumed $31.3 million and was due to the timing of payments to vendors as well as the payment of employee bonuses related to 2022 during 2023. The remaining cash provided by operating activities resulted from favorable changes in various other working capital accounts.

Investing activities

Our investing activities consumed $86.4 million of cash in 2024, primarily due to $54.8 million in cash (net of cash received) used for the 2024 acquisition of Tantti Laboratory Inc. Capital expenditures consumed $29.9 million in 2024, including $4.2 million of capitalized costs related to our internal-use software for 2024. In addition, in November 2024, the Company amended the License Agreement (the “Daylight Agreement”) with DRS Daylight Solutions, Inc. (“Daylight”) to extend the License Agreement one additional year for a one-time payment of $3.0 million.

Our investing activities consumed $123.3 million of cash in 2023, primarily due to $186.6 million in cash (net of cash received) used for the 2023 acquisitions of Metenova and FlexBiosys, in the aggregate. Capital expenditures consumed $39.0 million in 2023, as we continue to increase our manufacturing capacity worldwide. Of these expenditures, $2.8 million represented capitalized costs related to our internal-use software for 2023. These uses of cash were partially offset by the maturity of our short-term investment in U.S. treasury securities in June 2023, which provided cash of $102.3 million.

Financing activities

In 2024, cash consumed by financing activities was $82.9 million, driven primarily by the repayment of the 2019 Notes of $69.9 million, $9.9 million in cash disbursed for shares withheld to cover employee income tax due upon the vesting and release of restricted stock units, and $7.3 million paid to settle the cash portion of the contingent earnout obligation related to our acquisition of Avitide in September 2021. These payments were partially offset by proceeds received from stock option exercises during the period.

In 2023, cash provided by financing activities of $249.0 million included $290.1 million of proceeds from the issuance of the 2023 Notes in December 2023 and proceeds from stock option exercises during 2023 were $1.1 million. Offsetting these activities was

$14.4 million for the buyback of 92,090 shares of our common stock, $13.2 million in cash disbursed for shares withheld to cover employee income tax due upon the vesting and release of restricted stock units, $7.3 million paid for debt issuance costs related to the 2023 Notes and the payment of $7.3 million to settle the cash portion of the First Earnout Year contingent earnout obligation related to our acquisition of Avitide in September 2021.

Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash

The effect of exchange rate changes on cash during 2024 is a result of the strengthening of the U.S. dollar against the Swedish krona by 9%, the strengthening of the U.S. dollar against the Euro by 6% and the strengthening of the U.S. dollar against the British pound by 2%.

Capital Requirements

Our future capital requirements will depend on many factors, including the following:

•

the expansion of our bioprocessing business;

•

the ability to sustain sales and profits of our bioprocessing products and successfully integrate them into our business;

•

our ability to acquire additional bioprocessing products;

•

the scope of and progress made in our R&D activities;

•

the scope of investment in our intellectual property portfolio;

•

contingent consideration earnout payments resulting from our acquisitions;

•

the extent of any share repurchase activity;

•

the success of any proposed financing efforts;

•

general economic and capital markets;

•

change in accounting standards;

•

the impact of inflation on our operations, including our expenditures on raw material and freight charges;

•

fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates; and

•

costs associated with our ability to comply with emerging environmental, social and governance standards.

Absent acquisitions of additional products, product candidates or intellectual property, we believe our current cash balances and future cash flow from operations are adequate to meet our cash needs for at least the next 24 months. We expect operating expenses in 2025 to increase as we continue to expand our bioprocessing business. We expect to incur continued spending related to the development and expansion of our bioprocessing product lines and expansion of our commercial capabilities for the foreseeable future. Our future capital requirements may include, but are not limited to, purchases of property, plant and equipment, the acquisition of additional bioprocessing products and technologies to complement our existing manufacturing capabilities, and continued investment in our intellectual property portfolio.

We plan to continue to invest in our bioprocessing business and in key R&D activities associated with the development of new bioprocessing products. We actively evaluate various strategic transactions on an ongoing basis, including licensing or acquiring complementary products, technologies or businesses that would complement our existing portfolio. We continue to seek to acquire such potential assets that may offer us the best opportunity to create value for our shareholders. In order to acquire such assets, we may need to seek additional financing to fund these investments. If our available cash balances and anticipated cash flow from operations are insufficient to satisfy our liquidity requirements, for example, due to acquisition-related financing needs or lower demand for our products, among potential other events, we may seek to sell common or preferred equity or convertible debt securities, enter into a credit facility or another form of third-party funding, or seek other debt funding. The sale of equity and convertible debt securities may result in dilution to our shareholders, and those securities may have rights senior to those of our common shares. If we raise additional funds through the issuance of preferred stock, convertible debt securities or other debt financing, these securities or

other debt could contain covenants that would restrict our operations. Any other third-party funding arrangement could require us to relinquish valuable rights. We may require additional capital beyond our currently anticipated amounts. Additional capital may not be available on reasonable terms, if at all.

Net Operating Loss Carryforwards

At December 31, 2024, we had federal net operating loss carryforwards of $19.3 million, state net operating loss carryforwards of $11.9 million, and foreign net operating loss carryforwards of $26.0 million. The federal net operating loss carryforwards have unlimited carryforward periods and do not expire. The state net operating loss carryforwards will expire at various dates through 2044. Approximately $4.8 million of the foreign net operating loss carryforwards have unlimited carryforward periods and do not expire, while $21.2 million of the foreign net operating loss carryforwards will expire at various dates through 2034. We had federal and state business tax credit carryforwards of $6.6 million available to reduce future federal and state income taxes. The business tax credit carryforwards will expire at various dates through 2044. Net operating loss carryforwards and available tax credits are subject to review and possible adjustment by the Internal Revenue Service, state and foreign jurisdictions and may be limited in the event of certain changes in the ownership interest of significant stockholders.

Foreign Earnings

As of December 31, 2024, we have accumulated undistributed earnings generated by our foreign subsidiaries of approximately $266.2 million. Because $5.7 million of such earnings have previously been subject to the one-time transition tax on foreign earnings required by the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act enacted in December 2017, any additional taxes due with respect to such earnings or the excess of the amount for financial reporting over the tax basis of our foreign investments would generally be limited to foreign and state taxes. At December 31, 2024, we have not provided for taxes on outside basis differences of our foreign subsidiaries as it is not practicable and we have the ability and intent to indefinitely reinvest the undistributed earnings of our foreign subsidiaries, and there are no needs for such earnings in the United States that would contradict our plan to indefinitely reinvest.

Effects of Inflation

Our assets are primarily monetary, consisting of cash and cash equivalents and marketable securities. Because of their liquidity, these assets are not directly affected by inflation. Since we intend to retain and continue to use our equipment, furniture, fixtures and office equipment, computer hardware and software and leasehold improvements, we believe that the incremental inflation related to replacement costs of such items will not materially affect our operations. However, the rate of inflation affects our expenses, such as those for employee compensation and contract services, which could increase our level of expenses and the rate at which we use our resources.

ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

We are exposed to market risk in the ordinary course of our business. Market risk represents the risk of loss that may impact our financial position due to adverse changes in financial market prices and rates. Our market risk exposure is primarily a result of fluctuations in interest rates and foreign currency exchange rates.

Interest Rate Risk

We have historically held investments in commercial paper, U.S. treasury and government securities as well as corporate bonds and other debt securities. As a result, we have been exposed to potential loss from market risks that may occur as a result of changes in interest rates, changes in credit quality of the issuer or otherwise. We do not have any such investments as of December 31, 2024. Our investment portfolio consists of cash and cash equivalents (cash and money market funds) that total $757.4 million on the consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2024. Our cash equivalent investments (money market funds) have short-term maturity periods that dampen the impact of market or interest rate risk. As a result, a hypothetical 100 basis point increase in interest rates would have no effect on our cash position as of December 31, 2024.

We manage our investment portfolio in accordance with our investment policy or approval by the Board of Directors. The primary objectives of our investment policy are to preserve principal, maintain a high degree of liquidity to meet operating and other needs, and obtain competitive returns subject to prevailing market conditions without significantly increasing risk. To achieve this objective, we maintain our portfolio of cash equivalents in high-quality securities, including money market funds.

Foreign Exchange Risk

The reporting currency of the Company is U.S. dollars, and the functional currency of each of our foreign subsidiaries is its respective local currency. Our foreign currency exposures include the Swedish krona, Euro, British pound, Chinese yuan, Japanese yen, Singapore dollar, South Korean won and Indian rupee; of these, the primary foreign currency exposures are the Swedish krona, Euro and Chinese yuan. Exchange gains or losses resulting from the translation between the transactional currency and the functional currency are included in net income. Fluctuations in exchange rates may adversely affect our results of operations, financial position and cash flows.

Although a majority of our contracts are denominated in U.S. dollars, 37.0% and 37.9% of total revenues were denominated in foreign currencies during 2024 and 2023, respectively.

We use foreign exchange forward contracts to hedge a portion of our exposures to changes in currency exchange rates which result from an intercompany loan with a subsidiary. We do not use derivative financial instruments for trading or speculative purposes. A hypothetical 10% change in currency exchange rates would not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA

Financial statements and supplementary data required by Item 8 are set forth at the pages indicated in Item 15(a) below and are incorporated herein by reference.

ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE.

None.

ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

(a) Disclosure Controls and Procedures.

The Company’s management, with the participation of our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) or 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (“Exchange Act”) and as required by paragraph (b) of Rules 13a-15 or 15d-15 under the Exchange Act) as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on such evaluation, our principal executive officer and principal financial officer have concluded that, as of December 31, 2024, the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were not effective as of such date due to material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting, as described below.

(b) Report of Management on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting.

Management of the Company is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting. Internal control over financial reporting is defined in Rule 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act as a process designed by, or under the supervision of, the Company’s principal executive and principal financial officers and effected by the Company’s Board of Directors (“Board”), management and other personnel, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles and includes those policies and procedures that:

•

pertain to the maintenance of records that in reasonable detail accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the Company;

•

provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the Company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the Company; and

•

provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of the Company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Management assessed the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2024. In making this assessment, management used the criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework, issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework) (COSO).

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risks that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

We acquired Tantti Laboratory Inc. (“Tantti”) on December 2, 2024 and the financial results of this acquisition are included in our audited consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2024. The Company's consolidated total assets as of December 31, 2024 includes $78.1 million from the Tantti acquisition and no associated revenue. As this acquisition occurred during 2024, the scope of our assessment of our internal control over financial reporting does not include this acquisition. This exclusion is in accordance with the Securities and Exchange Commission's general guidance that an assessment of a recently acquired business may be omitted from our scope in the year of such acquisition.

In connection with our initiative to integrate and enhance our global information technology systems and business processes, we continued the phased implementation of our enterprise resource planning (“ERP”) system. The Company is implementing the ERP system in phases and will continue until the current and future subsidiaries are using it. The sixth phase of implementation was in process as of December 31, 2024. We continue to execute certain existing internal controls over financial reporting related to our ERP system as of December 31, 2024.

As reported in the Company’s December 31, 2023 Form 10-K/A, the Company previously identified the following material weaknesses in internal control over financial reporting:

Management identified a material weakness in the operation of our controls over the deferred income tax accounting for complex and non-routine transactions. Specifically, management did not have adequate supervision and review controls over the complex accounting for deferred income tax on the exchange of our outstanding 0.375% Convertible Senior Notes due 2024 and the issuance of 1.00% Convertible Senior Notes due 2028, including work performed by external advisors and the internal review of such transaction and related analyses. This material weakness did not result in an error in any of our previously issued consolidated financial statements including the consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2023.

Management identified deficiencies related to the design and operating effectiveness of controls related to revenue recognition specific to the evaluation of accounting for contract terms. The Company has concluded that such deficiencies represented a material weakness as of December 31, 2023 and 2022.

As of December 31, 2024, the Company identified the following new material weaknesses in internal control over financial reporting:

Management did not maintain effective information technology (“IT”) general controls for information systems that are relevant to the preparation of our financial statements. Specifically, we did not maintain logical access controls and program change management controls to ensure that access to programs and data are appropriately restricted and program and data changes are identified, tested, authorized, and implemented appropriately. As a result, automated and business process controls that rely on information from the systems were also deemed ineffective because they could have been adversely affected.

Irrespective of the effects of the IT general controls deficiencies, management did not perform certain business process-level controls related to inventory valuation and the financial statement close process either in a timely manner or with an appropriate precision threshold.

Based on these material weaknesses, the Company’s management concluded that at December 31, 2024, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting was not effective.

Remediation of a Previously Disclosed Material Weakness - Income tax accounting related to non-routine transactions

In connection with our 2024 financial statement close process, we designed and implemented enhanced internal controls over accounting for non-routine transactions that had income tax implications for the Company. This included performing additional control procedures over our acquisition of Tantti, which occurred in December 2024. Based upon the successful execution of the remediation plan previously disclosed and the testing and evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting, we have concluded that the material weakness referred to above has been remediated and no longer existed as of December 31, 2024.

Remediation Plan – Material Weaknesses

Following identification of the material weaknesses identified above, and as part of our commitment to strengthen our internal control over financial reporting, we have and will continue to implement remedial actions under the oversight of the Audit Committee of our Board to address these deficiencies.

Our remediation activities include the following with respect to revenue recognition:

•

Designing and implementing new internal controls to validate there is a complete listing of revenue contracts that have non-standard terms, which require incremental accounting analysis under ASC 606.

•

Designing and implementing new internal controls evaluating the accounting for contract amendments, including amendments accounted for as contract modifications.

•

Enhancing and expanding our existing revenue recognition control procedures and attributes when evaluating the accounting impact of non-standard contract terms and contract modifications.

•

Increased education for internal resources on accounting for contracts within the scope of ASC 606 and deploying enablers to facilitate documentation of accounting analyses and conclusions.

Our remediation activities will include the following with respect to IT general controls:

•

Reassessing the operating effectiveness of internal controls related to the program and data change management and user access processes; and

•

Expanding the management and governance over IT system controls.

Our remediation activities will include the following with respect to certain business process-level controls:

•

Reassessing the operating effectiveness of these controls, including precision thresholds, timely execution, and documentation requirements for control owners;

•

Assessing the frequency of our control monitoring activities to ensure that they are conducted in a timely manner; and

•

Hiring additional staff, including external experts, to enhance the performance, documentation, and monitoring of such controls. This includes providing training for control owners setting out expectations as it relates to the control risk and design, execution and monitoring of such controls, including enhancements to the documentation to evidence the execution of the control.

We expect to undertake significant remediation activities in the coming fiscal year, and expect to continue to execute, test, and assess the effectiveness of these controls as we progress into fiscal 2025.

Our CEO and CFO have certified that, based on their knowledge, our consolidated financial statements and other financial information included in this Amendment, fairly present, in all material respects, our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows as of, and for, the periods presented in this Amendment.

Ernst & Young LLP, the independent registered public accounting firm that audited our consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, has issued an unqualified opinion on our consolidated financial statements and has issued an adverse opinion on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2024.

Our independent registered public accounting firm, Ernst & Young LLP, which audited the financial statements included in this Form 10-K, containing the disclosure required by this Item, has issued an attestation report on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2024, which is included below.

ATTESTATION REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the Stockholders and the Board of Directors of Repligen Corporation

Opinion on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

We have audited Repligen Corporation’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2024, based on criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework) (the COSO criteria). In our opinion, because of the effect of the material weaknesses described below on the achievement of the objectives of the control criteria, Repligen Corporation (the Company) has not maintained effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2024, based on the COSO criteria.

As indicated in the accompanying Report of Management on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting, management’s assessment of and conclusion on the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting did not include the internal controls of Tantti Laboratory Inc. (“Tantti”), which is included in the 2024 consolidated financial statements of the Company and constituted $78.1 million of total assets as of December 31, 2024 and no associated revenue for the year then ended. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting of the Company also did not include an evaluation of the internal control over financial reporting of Tantti.

A material weakness is a deficiency, or combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of the company’s annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. The following material weaknesses have been identified and included in management’s assessment. Management has identified material weaknesses related to the Company’s revenue recognition process, the operating effectiveness of IT general controls around logical access and change management in IT systems and the precision and timeliness of business process-level controls in the areas of inventory valuation and the financial statement close process.

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the consolidated balance sheets of the Company as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the related consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss), stockholders' equity and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2024, and the related notes. These material weaknesses were considered in determining the nature, timing and extent of audit tests applied in our audit of the 2024 consolidated financial statements, and this report does not affect our report dated March 13, 2025, which expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.

Basis for Opinion

The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting included in the accompanying Report of Management on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the

Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects.

Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Definition and Limitations of Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

/s/ Ernst & Young LLP

Boston, Massachusetts

March 13, 2025

(d) Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

Excluding the material weaknesses identified above, there have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting identified in connection with the evaluation required by paragraph (d) of Exchange Act Rule 13a-15 or Rule 15d-15 that occurred in the three months ended December 31, 2024 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting. Management believes the consolidated financial statements reflected in our current Amendment are accurately stated.

ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION

Director and Officer Trading Plans and Arrangements

During the fourth quarter of 2024, Tony J. Hunt, Director and Executive Chair of the Board of Directors, adopted a trading plan intended to satisfy Rule 10b5-1(c) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 ("Exchange Act") on December 9, 2024 to sell up to 107,314 shares of our common stock between March 10, 2025 and November 25, 2025, the date this plan expires. The trading plan will cease upon the earlier of November 25, 2025 or the sale of all shares subject to the trading plan.

During the fourth quarter of 2024, Olivier Loeillot, our President and Chief Executive Officer, adopted a trading plan intended to satisfy Rule 10b5-1(c) under the Exchange Act on December 12, 2024 to sell up to 24,968 shares of our common stock between March 13, 2025 and December 12, 2025, the date this plan expires. The trading plan will cease upon the earlier of December 12, 2025 or the sale of all shares subject to the trading plan.

During the fourth quarter of 2024, Jason K. Garland, our Chief Financial Officer, adopted a trading plan intended to satisfy Rule 10b5-1(c) under the Exchange Act on December 13, 2024 to sell up to 1,579 shares of our common stock between May 5, 2025 and

December 12, 2025, the date this plan expires. The trading plan will cease upon the earlier of December 12, 2025 or the sale of all shares subject to the trading plan.

ITEM 9C. DISCLOSURE REGARDING FOREIGN JURISDICTIONS THAT PREVENT INSPECTIONS

Not applicable.

PART III

Pursuant to General Instructions G to Form 10-K, the information required for Part III, Items 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14, is incorporated herein by reference from the Company’s proxy statement for the 2025 Annual Meeting of Stockholders.

PART IV

ITEM 15. EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES

The following documents are filed as part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K ("Form 10-K"):

(a) (1) Financial Statements:

The financial statements required by this item are submitted in a separate section beginning on page 68 of this report, as follows:

Page

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm 66

Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 68

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 73

(a) (2) Financial Statement Schedules:

None.

(a) (3) Exhibits:

The Exhibits which are filed as part of this Form 10-K or which are incorporated by reference are set forth in the Exhibit Index hereto.

EXHIBIT INDEX

ExhibitNumber Document Description

4.5 Form of 0.375% Convertible Senior Notes due 2024 (included in Exhibit 4.3).

4.7 Form of 1.00% Convertible Senior Notes due 2028 (included in Exhibit 4.6).

21.1+ Subsidiaries of the Registrant.

23.1+ Consent of Ernst & Young LLP, Independent Registered Accounting Firm.

24.1+ Power of Attorney (included on signature page).

101.SCH Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema With Embedded Linkbase Documents.

104 Cover page formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibits 101.

# Confidential treatment obtained as to certain portions.

* Management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.

+ Filed electronically herewith.

++ Furnished herewith.

The exhibits listed above are not contained in the copy of the Annual Report on Form 10-K distributed to stockholders. Upon the request of any stockholder entitled to vote at the 2025 Annual Meeting, the Registrant will furnish that person without charge a copy of any exhibits listed above. Requests should be addressed to Repligen Corporation, 41 Seyon Street, Waltham, MA 02453.

ITEM 16. 10-K SUMMARY

We may voluntarily include a summary of information required by Annual Report on Form 10-K under Item 16. We have elected not to include such summary information.

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

REPLIGEN CORPORATION

Date: March 13, 2025 By: /S/ OLIVIER LOEILLOT

Oliver LoeillotChief Executive Officer

POWER OF ATTORNEY

KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENTS, that each person whose signature appears below hereby makes, constitutes and appoints Olivier Loeillot and Jason K. Garland with full power to act without the other, his true and lawful attorney-in-fact and agent, with full power of substitution and resubstitution, for him and in his name, place and stead, in any and all capacities to sign any or all amendments to this Annual Report on Form 10-K, and to file the same with all exhibits thereto, and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, granting unto said attorney-in-fact and agents, and each of them, full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary to be done in connection therewith, as fully to all intents and purposes as he might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorney-in-fact and agents of any of them, or any substitute or substitutes, lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

Signature Title Date

/S/ TONY J. HUNT Tony J. Hunt Executive Chair of the Board March 13, 2025

/S/ KAREN DAWES Karen Dawes Lead Independent Director March 13, 2025

/S/ NICOLAS M. BARTHELEMY Nicolas M. Barthelemy Director March 13, 2025

/S/ CARRIE EGLINTON MANNER Carrie Eglinton Manner Director March 13, 2025

/S/ KONSTANTIN KONSTANTINOV Konstantin Konstantinov Director March 13, 2025

/S/ MARTIN D. MADAUS Martin D. Madaus Director March 13, 2025

/S/ ROHIN MHATRE Rohin Mhatre Director March 13, 2025

/S/ GLENN P. MUIR Glenn P. Muir Director March 13, 2025

/S/ MARGARET A. PAX Margaret A. Pax Director March 13, 2025

INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Page

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm 66

Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 68

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 73

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the Stockholders and the Board of Directors of Repligen Corporation:

Opinion on the Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Repligen Corporation (the Company) as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the related consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss), stockholders' equity and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2024, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company at December 31, 2024 and 2023, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2024, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2024, based on criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework), and our report dated March 13, 2025 expressed an adverse opinion thereon.

Basis for Opinion

These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Critical Audit Matter

The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective or complex judgments. The communication of the critical audit matter does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.

Accounting for Tantti acquisition

/s/ Ernst & Young LLP

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2002.

Boston, Massachusetts

March 13, 2025

REPLIGEN CORPORATION

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(Amounts in thousands, except share data)

December 31, December 31,

ASSETS

Current assets:

Prepaid expenses and other current assets 31,607 33,541

Noncurrent assets:

LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY

Current liabilities:

Convertible Senior Notes due 2024, net — 69,452

Noncurrent liabilities:

Commitments and contingencies (Note 14)

Stockholders' equity:

Accumulated other comprehensive loss (52,533 ) (37,808 )

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

REPLIGEN CORPORATION

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)

(Amounts in thousands, except per share data)

For the Years Ended December 31,

Revenue:

Costs and operating expenses:

Other income (expenses):

Loss on extinguishment of debt — (12,676 ) —

Amortization of debt issuance costs (1,843 ) (8,075 ) (1,815 )

(Loss) earnings per share:

Weighted average common shares outstanding:

Other comprehensive income (loss):

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

REPLIGEN CORPORATION

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(Amounts in thousands, except share data)

Common Stock

Issuance of common stock for debt conversion 21 1 (7 ) — — (6 )

Exercise of stock options and vesting of stock units 326,192 3 3,704 — — 3,707

Stock-based compensation expense — — 27,316 — — 27,316

Issuance of common stock for debt conversion 8 — (13 ) — — (13 )

Exercise of stock options and vesting of stock units 251,886 3 1,073 — — 1,076

Stock-based compensation expense — — 25,575 — — 25,575

Convertible note modification — — 2,791 — — 2,791

Deferred tax impact on conversion feature — — (651 ) — — (651 )

Translation adjustment — — — (3,414 ) — (3,414 )

Exercise of stock options and vesting of stock units 248,108 3 4,294 — — 4,297

Stock-based compensation expense — — 48,070 — — 48,070

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

REPLIGEN CORPORATION

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(Amounts in thousands)

For the Years Ended December 31,

Cash flows from operating activities:

Inventory step-up charges — 1,238 —

Amortization of debt discount and issuance costs 15,588 2,448 1,815

Non-cash interest income — (2,023 ) —

Loss on extinguishment of debt — 12,676 —

Loss on fixed asset abandonment 3,596 — —

Changes in operating assets and liabilities, excluding impact of acquisitions:

Cash flows from investing activities:

Purchase of marketable securities held to maturity — — (100,000 )

Redemption of marketable securities — 102,323 —

Additions to capitalized software costs (4,222 ) (2,766 ) (3,512 )

Acquisitions, net of cash acquired (54,765 ) (186,642 ) —

Purchase of intellectual property (3,006 ) — (45,000 )

Cash flows from financing activities:

Repurchase of common stock — (14,386 ) —

Proceeds from issuance of 2023 Convertible Senior Notes — 290,094 —

Payment of debt issuance costs — (7,253 ) —

Payment of earnout consideration (7,375 ) (7,298 ) —

Repayment of Convertible Senior Notes (69,939 ) — —

Other financing activities — (45 ) (26 )

Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents 6,032 227,865 (80,356 )

Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:

Supplemental disclosure of non-cash investing and financing activities:

Fair value of shares of common stock issued for acquisitions $ — $ 13,569 $ —

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

REPLIGEN CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Organization and Nature of Business

Repligen Corporation (NASDAQ: RGEN) is a global life sciences company that develops and commercializes highly innovative bioprocessing technologies and systems that increase efficiencies and flexibility in the process of manufacturing biological drugs. The Company’s franchises include filtration, chromatography, process analytics and proteins. See Part I, Item 1. “Business - Our Products”, of this report for additional information related to the Company's products. The Company’s bioprocessing products are sold to major life sciences companies, biopharmaceutical development companies and contract manufacturing organizations worldwide. The Company operates under one reportable segment. The Company’s chief operating decision maker (“CODM”), its Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”), reviews financial information presented on a consolidated basis for purposes of allocating resources and evaluating financial performance. See Note 2, “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies – Segment Reporting,” for more information on the Company’s segment.

A majority of our 16 manufacturing sites are located in the United States (California, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, and New York). Outside the United States, we have manufacturing sites in Estonia, France, Germany, Ireland, the Netherlands, Sweden, and Taiwan.

The Company is subject to a number of risks typically associated with companies in the biotechnology industry. These risks principally include the Company’s dependence on key customers, development by the Company or its competitors of new technological innovations, dependence on key personnel, protection of proprietary technology, compliance with the U.S. Food and Drug Association and other governmental regulations and approval requirements, as well as the ability to grow the Company’s business and obtain adequate funding to finance this growth.

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods.

Significant estimates and assumptions by management affect the Company’s revenue recognition for multiple element arrangements, the net realizable value of inventory, valuations and purchase price allocations related to business combinations, contingent consideration, estimated fair values of intangible assets and goodwill, amortization methods and periods, warranty reserves, certain accrued expenses, estimates related to the fair value of the conversion features of the convertible notes for purposes of assessing whether debt extinguishment or modification accounting applies to the Company’s debt exchange, stock-based compensation, tax reserves and recoverability of the Company’s net deferred tax assets and related valuation allowance.

Although the Company regularly assesses these estimates, actual results could differ materially from these estimates. Changes in estimates are recorded in the period in which they become known. The Company bases its estimates on historical experience and various other assumptions that it believes to be reasonable under the circumstances.

Basis of Presentation

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Foreign Currency

The Company translates the assets and liabilities of its foreign subsidiaries at rates in effect at the end of the reporting period. Revenues and expenses are translated at average rates in effect during the reporting period. Translation adjustments include

adjustments related to the Company’s various intercompany loans with foreign subsidiaries. Intercompany loans determined to be permanent are remeasured at each period end and included in accumulated other comprehensive loss on the consolidated balance sheets. Intercompany loans with foreign subsidiaries determined to be repayable are remeasured at each period end and included in other income (expenses) on the consolidated statements of comprehensive income. Exchange gains or losses resulting from the translation between the transactional currency and the functional currency are included in other income (expenses).

Revenue Recognition

The Company generates revenue from the sale of bioprocessing products, equipment devices, and related consumables used with these equipment devices to customers in the life sciences and biopharmaceutical industries. Under Accounting Standard Codification No. (“ASC”) 606, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers,” revenue is recognized when, or as, obligations under the terms of a contract are satisfied, which occurs when control of the promised products or services is transferred to customers. Revenue is measured as the amount of consideration the Company expects to receive in exchange for transferring products or services to a customer (“transaction price”). To the extent the transaction price includes variable consideration, the Company estimates the amount of variable consideration that should be included in the transaction price utilizing the expected value method or the most likely amount method, depending on the facts and circumstances relative to the contract. Variable consideration is included in the transaction price if, in the Company’s judgment, it is probable that a significant future reversal of cumulative revenue under the contract will not occur. Estimates of variable consideration and determination of whether to include estimated amounts in the transaction price are based largely on an assessment of the Company’s anticipated performance and all information (historical, current and forecasted) that is reasonably available. Sales, value add, and other taxes collected on behalf of third parties are excluded from revenue.

When determining the transaction price of a contract, an adjustment is made if payment from a customer occurs either significantly before or significantly after performance, resulting in a significant financing component. Applying the practical expedient in paragraph 606-10-32-18, the Company does not assess whether a significant financing component exists if the period between when the Company performs its obligations under the contract and when the customer pays is one year or less. None of the Company’s contracts contained a significant financing component as of December 31, 2024.

Contracts with customers may contain multiple performance obligations. For such arrangements, the transaction price is allocated to each performance obligation based on the estimated relative standalone selling prices of the promised products or services underlying each performance obligation. The Company determines standalone selling prices based on the price at which the performance obligation is sold separately. If the standalone selling price is not observable through past transactions, the Company estimates the standalone selling price taking into account available information such as market conditions and internally approved pricing guidelines related to the performance obligations.

The Company recognizes product revenue under the terms of each customer agreement upon transfer of control to the customer, which occurs at a point in time.

Shipping and handling fees are recorded as a component of product revenue, with the associated costs recorded as a component of cost of goods sold.

Risks and Uncertainties

The Company evaluates its operations periodically to determine if any risks and uncertainties exist that could impact its operations in the near term. The Company does not believe that there are any significant risks that have not already been disclosed in the consolidated financial statements. A loss of certain suppliers could temporarily disrupt operations, although alternate sources of supply exist for these items. The Company has mitigated these risks by working closely with key suppliers, identifying alternate sources and developing contingency plans.

Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash

Cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand and on deposit. Highly liquid investments in money market mutual funds with an original maturity of three months or less are classified as cash equivalents. All cash equivalents are carried at cost, which

approximates fair value. Restricted cash represents cash that is restricted as to withdrawal or usage. There was no restriction on the Company’s cash balance as of December 31, 2024 and 2023.

The Company’s cash and cash equivalents total as presented in the Company’s consolidated statements of cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 was $757.4million, $751.3 million and $523.5 million, respectively.

Investment Securities

We classify our investment securities in one of three categories: held to maturity, trading, or available for sale. Our investment portfolio at December 31, 2022 consisted of an investment in U.S. treasury bills classified as held to maturity which was included in the Company's consolidated balance sheets under marketable securities held to maturity. These marketable securities matured in June 2023 and there are no comparable investments as of December 31, 2024 and 2023. Securities that we have the positive intent and ability to hold to maturity are classified as held to maturity and stated at amortized cost in the consolidated balance sheets. Management determines the appropriate classification of securities at the time of purchase based upon management's intent with regards to such investment and reevaluates such designation as of each balance sheet date. The Company's investment policy requires that it only invest in high-rated securities and limit its exposure to any single-user. There were no realized or unrealized gains or losses on investments recorded as of December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022.

The Company classifies marketable securities as short-term when they have remaining contractual maturities of one year or less from the balance sheet date. The Company periodically assesses its marketable securities, if any, for impairment or credit losses.

Derivative Instruments

We use derivative financial instruments to manage exposure to foreign exchange risk, specifically foreign exchange forward contracts. Outstanding derivatives are recognized as assets or liabilities at their fair value. These forward contracts are not designated as hedging instruments, and the changes in fair value are recognized in other income (expense), net in the period of change. The gains and losses recorded in other income (expense), net for derivative instruments not designated as hedges were not material. We do not use derivative financial instruments for speculative or trading purposes

Fair Value Measurement

In determining the fair value of its assets and liabilities, the Company uses various valuation approaches. The Company employs a hierarchy for inputs used in measuring fair value that maximizes the use of observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs by requiring that observable inputs be used when available. Observable inputs are inputs that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability based on market data obtained from sources independent of the Company. Unobservable inputs are inputs that reflect the Company’s assumptions about the inputs that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability and are developed based on the best information available in the circumstances. The fair value hierarchy is broken down into three levels based on the source of inputs as follows:

The availability of observable inputs can vary among the various types of financial assets and liabilities. To the extent that the valuation is based on models or inputs that are less observable or unobservable in the market, the determination of fair value requires more judgment. In certain cases, the inputs used to measure fair value may fall into different levels of the fair value hierarchy. In such cases, for financial statement disclosure purposes, the level in the fair value hierarchy within which the fair value measurement is categorized is based on the lowest level input that is significant to the overall fair value measurement.

Convertible Instruments

The Company evaluates the embedded conversion feature within its convertible debt instruments under ASC 815, “Derivatives and Hedging.” The Company refers to ASC 815-15 and ASC 815-40 to determine if the conversion feature meets the definition of a derivative and, if so, whether to bifurcate the conversion feature and account for it as a separate derivative liability. Based on the Company’s analysis, its Convertible Senior Notes do not have an embedded conversion feature requiring bifurcation under ASC 815-15 and thus are accounted for as a single unit of account, a liability under ASC 470, “Debt.”

Allowance for credit losses

We establish an allowance for credit losses through a review of several factors, including historical collection experience, current aging status of the customer accounts, and current financial condition of our customers. Losses are charged against the allowance when the customer accounts are determined to be uncollectible.

Inventories

Inventories relate to the Company’s bioprocessing business. The Company values inventory at cost or, if lower, net realizable value, using the first-in, first-out method. The Company reviews its inventories at least quarterly and records a provision for excess and obsolete inventory based on its estimates of expected sales volume, production capacity and expiration dates of raw materials, work-in-process and finished products. The Company writes down inventory that has become obsolete, inventory that has a cost basis in excess of its expected net realizable value, and inventory in excess of expected requirements to cost of goods sold. Manufacturing of bioprocessing finished goods is done to order and tested for quality specifications prior to shipment.

A change in the estimated timing or amount of demand for the Company’s products could result in additional provisions for excess inventory quantities on hand. Any significant unanticipated changes in demand or unexpected quality failures could have a significant impact on the value of inventory and reported operating results. Material adjustments related to a revised estimate of inventory valuations in 2024 and 2023 are discussed in Note 6, “Restructuring Activities and Other Inventory-Related Charges.”

Work-in-process and finished products inventories consist of material, labor, outside processing costs and manufacturing overhead.

Lease Accounting

The Company adopted Accounting Standards Update No. (“ASU”) 2016-02, “Leases (Topic 842)” (“ASC 842”) as of January 1, 2019. Under ASC 842, the Company determines whether the arrangement contains a lease at the inception of an arrangement. If a lease is identified in an arrangement, the Company recognizes a right-of-use asset and liability on its consolidated balance sheets and determines whether the lease should be classified as a finance or operating lease. The Company does not recognize assets or liabilities for leases with lease terms of less than 12 months.

A lease qualifies as a finance lease if any of the following criteria are met at the inception of the lease: (i) there is a transfer of ownership of the leased asset to the Company by the end of the lease term, (ii) the Company holds an option to purchase the leased asset that it is reasonably certain to exercise, (iii) the lease term is for a major part of the remaining economic life of the leased asset, (iv) the present value of the sum of lease payments equals or exceeds substantially all of the fair value of the leased asset, or (v) the nature of the leased asset is specialized to the point that it is expected to provide the lessor no alternative use at the end of the lease term. All other leases are recorded as operating leases.

Finance and operating lease assets and liabilities are recognized at the lease commencement date based on the present value of the lease payments over the lease term using the discount rate implicit in the lease. If the rate implicit is not readily determinable, the Company utilizes its incremental borrowing rate at the lease commencement date. Operating lease assets are further adjusted for prepaid or accrued lease payments. Operating lease payments are expensed using the straight-line method as an operating expense over the lease term. Finance lease assets are amortized to depreciation expense using the straight-line method over the shorter of the useful life of the related asset or the lease term. Finance lease payments are bifurcated into (i) a portion that is recorded as imputed interest expense and (ii) a portion that reduces the finance liability associated with the lease.

The Company does not separate lease and non-lease components when determining which lease payments to include in the calculation of its lease assets and liabilities. Variable lease payments are expensed as incurred. If a lease includes an option to extend or terminate the lease, the Company reflects the option in the lease term if it is reasonably certain it will exercise the option.

Finance leases are recorded in property, plant and equipment, net, other current liabilities and long-term finance lease liabilities and operating leases are recorded in operating lease right of use assets, operating lease liability and operating lease liability, long-term on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets.

Certain of the Company’s operating leases where the Company is the lessee provide for minimum annual payments that increase over the life of the lease. Some of these leases include obligations to pay for other services, such as operations and maintenance. For leases of property, the Company accounts for these other services as a component of the lease. The aggregate minimum annual payments are expensed on the straight-line basis beginning when the Company takes possession of the property and extending over the term of the related lease, including renewal options when the exercise of the option is reasonably certain as an economic penalty may be incurred if the option is not exercised. The Company also accounts in its straight-line computation for the effect of any “rental holidays.”

Operating lease assets represent the Company’s right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent the Company’s obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Operating lease assets and liabilities are recognized at the lease commencement date based on the estimated present value of the fixed lease payments, reduced by landlord incentives using a discount rate based on similarly secured borrowings available to the Company. Most of the leases do not provide implicit interest rates and therefore the Company determines the discount rate based on its incremental borrowing rate. The incremental borrowing rate for the Company’s leases is determined based on lease term and currency in which the lease payments are made.

Accrued Liabilities

The Company estimates accrued liabilities by identifying services performed on the Company’s behalf, estimating the level of service performed and determining the associated cost incurred for such service as of each balance sheet date. For example, the Company would accrue for professional and consulting fees incurred with law firms, audit and accounting service providers and other third-party consultants. These expenses are determined by either requesting those service providers to estimate unbilled services at each reporting date for services incurred or tracking costs incurred by service providers under fixed fee arrangements.

The Company has processes in place to estimate the appropriate amounts to record for accrued liabilities, which principally involve the applicable personnel reviewing the services provided. In the event that the Company does not identify certain costs that have begun to be incurred or the Company under or over-estimates the level of services performed or the costs of such services, the reported expenses for that period may be too low or too high. The date on which certain services commence, the level of services performed on or before a given date, and the cost of such services often require the exercise of judgment. The Company makes these judgments based upon the facts and circumstances known at the date of the consolidated financial statements.

Income Taxes

Deferred taxes are determined based on the difference between the consolidated financial statements and tax basis of assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates in effect in the years in which the differences are expected to reverse. Valuation allowances are provided, if, based upon the weight of available evidence, it is more likely than not that some or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The Company accounts for uncertain tax positions using a “more-likely-than-not” threshold for recognizing and resolving uncertain tax positions. The evaluation of uncertain tax positions is based on factors including, but not limited to, changes in tax law, the measurement of tax positions taken or expected to be taken in tax returns, the effective settlement of matters subject to audit, new audit activity and changes in facts or circumstances related to a tax position. The Company evaluates this tax position on a quarterly basis. The Company also accrues for potential interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits in income tax expense. The Company is subject to a territorial tax system under the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act enacted in December 2017, in which the Company is required to provide for tax on Global Intangible Low-Taxed Income (“GILTI”) earned

by certain foreign subsidiaries. The Company has adopted an accounting policy to provide for the tax expense related to GILTI in the year the tax is incurred as a period expense.

Property, Plant & Equipment

Property, plant & equipment is recorded at cost less allowances for depreciation. Depreciation is calculated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful life of the asset as follows:

Classification Estimated Useful Life

Buildings Thirty years

Leasehold improvements Shorter of the term of the lease or estimated useful life

Equipment Three to twelve years

Furniture, fixtures and office equipment Three to eight years

Computer hardware and software Three to seven years or estimated useful life

Vehicles Five years

Upon disposal of property, plant & equipment, the cost of the asset and the accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts and the resulting gain or loss is reflected in our results of operations. Fully depreciated assets are not removed from the accounts until they are physically disposed of.

Certain systems development costs related to the purchase, development and installation of computer software developed or obtained for internal use are capitalized and depreciated over the estimated useful life of the related project. Costs incurred prior to the development stage, as well as maintenance, training costs, and general and administrative expenses are expensed as incurred.

Earnings (Loss) Per Share

The Company reports earnings (loss) per share (“EPS”) in accordance with ASC 260, "Earnings Per Share," which establishes standards for computing and presenting EPS. Basic EPS is computed by dividing net income available to common shareholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted EPS is computed by dividing net income available to common shareholders by the weighted-average number of common shares and dilutive common share equivalents outstanding during the period. Potential common share equivalents consist of restricted stock awards (including performance stock units) and the incremental common shares issuable upon the exercise of stock options and warrants. Under the treasury stock method, unexercised “in-the-money” stock options are assumed to be exercised at the beginning of the period or at issuance, if later. The assumed proceeds are then used to purchase common shares at the average market price during the period. In periods when the Company has a net loss, stock awards are excluded from the calculation of earnings (loss) per share as their inclusion would have an antidilutive effect.

A reconciliation of basic and diluted weighted average share outstanding is as follows:

For the Years Ended December 31,

(Amounts in thousands, except per share data)

Numerator:

Effect of dilutive securities:

Charges associated with convertible debt instruments, net of tax — — 387

Denominator:

Effect of dilutive shares:

Options and stock units — 457 608

Contingent consideration — 8 11

Dilutive effect of unvested performance stock units — 11 16

Dilutive potential common shares — 657 1,995

(Loss) earnings per share:

(1)

Represents the dilutive impact for the Company's 0.375% Convertible Senior Notes due 2024 (the “ 2019 Notes”) and its 1.00% Convertible Senior Notes due 2028 (the “2023 Notes”).

As the Company was in a net loss position for the year ended December 31, 2024, 422,325 shares of potentially dilutive options and restricted stock units are considered anti-dilutive. For the year ended December 31, 2024, 422,130 shares of the Company’s common stock were excluded from the calculation of diluted (loss) earnings per share because the exercise prices of the stock options were greater than or equal to the average price of the common shares and were therefore anti-dilutive. For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, 306,849 shares and 177,318 shares, respectively, of the Company’s common stock were excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per share because they would have had an anti-dilutive effect for years presented.

In July 2019, the Company issued $287.5 million aggregate principal amount of its 2019 Notes. As provided by the terms of the indenture underlying the 2019 Notes, prior to March 4, 2022, conversion of the 2019 Notes could have been settled in cash, shares of the Company’s common stock or a combination thereof, at the Company’s election. On March 4, 2022, we entered into the Second Supplemental Indenture for the 2019 Notes, which irrevocably elected to settle the conversion of the 2019 Notes using a combination of cash and shares of the Company's common stock, settling the par value of the 2019 Notes in cash and any excess conversion premium in shares. On December 14, 2023, the Company exchanged, in a privately negotiated exchange, $309.9 million principal amount of 2023 Notes for $217.7 million principal amount of 2019 Notes and issued $290.1 million aggregate principal amount of 2023 Notes for $290.1 million in cash. Following the close of the Exchange Transaction, $69.7 million in aggregate principal amount of 2019 Notes remains outstanding with terms unchanged.

As provided by the terms of the Second Supplemental Indenture underlying the 2019 Notes, the Company irrevocably elected to settle the conversion obligation for the 2019 Notes in a combination of cash and shares of the Company's common stock. This means the Company will settle the par value of the 2019 Notes in cash and any excess conversion premium in shares. As mentioned in Note 15, “Convertible Senior Notes,” the Company adopted ASU 2020-06 effective January 1, 2022. Under ASU 2020-06, the Company is required to reflect the dilutive effect of the convertible securities by application of the “if-converted”

method, which means the denominator of the EPS calculation would include the total number of shares assuming the 2019 Notes had been fully converted at the beginning of the period. Prior to March 4, 2022, the Company had the choice to settle the conversion of the 2019 Notes in cash, stock or a combination of the two. Therefore, from January 1, 2022 (the date the Company adopted ASU 2020-06) to March 4, 2022, the Company included 3,474,429 shares in the denominator of the EPS calculation, applying the if converted method. Subsequent to March 4, 2022, after the Second Supplemental Indenture became effective, the Company irrevocably elected to settle the conversion obligation for the 2019 Notes in a combination of cash and shares of the Company's common stock, and from March 5, 2022 forward, only the excess premium will be settled with shares. Under the if-converted method of calculating dilutive shares, the Company was also required to exclude amortization of debt issuance costs and interest charges applicable to the convertible debt from the numerator of the dilutive EPS calculation for the period from January 1, 2022 to March 4, 2022, as if the interest on convertible debt was never recognized for that period. As a result, the Company excluded interest charges of $0.4 million (net of tax) from the numerator and included 1,359,957 shares in the calculation of diluted earnings as the dilutive effect of the conversion premium for the year ended December 31, 2022. There were no comparable amounts included in 2024 or 2023.

Segment Reporting

Operating segments are components of an enterprise that engage in business activities for which discrete financial information is available and regularly reviewed by the CODM in deciding how to allocate resources and assess performance. Our CEO has been identified as our CODM.

The Company views its operations, makes decisions regarding how to allocate resources and manages its business as one reportable segment and one reporting unit. Net (loss) income as reported on the consolidated statement of comprehensive (loss) income is the measure of segment profit or loss used by the CODM in allocating resources and assessing performance. As a result, the financial information disclosed herein represents all of the material financial information related to the Company.

The following table represents product revenues by product line:

For the Years Ended December 31,

(Amounts in thousands)

The following table represents the Company’s total revenue by our country of domicile (the United States) and other countries where our major subsidiaries are domiciled for the periods presented (based on the location of the customer):

For the Years Ended December 31,

Revenue by customers' geographic locations:

The following table represents the Company’s total assets by our country of domicile (the United States) and other countries where our major subsidiaries are domiciled for the periods presented:

December 31,

(Amounts in thousands)

Total assets by geographic locations:

The following table represents the Company’s long-lived assets by our country of domicile (the United States) and other countries where our major subsidiaries are domiciled for the periods presented:

December 31,

(Amounts in thousands)

Long-lived assets by geographic locations:

Total long-lived assets by geographic location $ 333,984 $ 324,232

The following table presents the Company’s significant segment expenses which are regularly provided to the CODM for the single reportable segment:

For the Years Ended December 31,

Costs and operating expenses:

Concentrations of Credit Risk and Significant Customers

Financial instruments that subject the Company to significant concentrations of credit risk primarily consist of cash and cash equivalents, marketable securities and accounts receivable. Per the Company’s investment policy, cash equivalents and marketable securities are invested in financial instruments with high credit ratings, limit its credit exposure to any one issuer (with the exception of U.S. treasury obligations) and type of instrument is limited. At December 31, 2024, the Company had no investments associated with foreign exchange contracts or options contracts. As of December 31, 2024, the Company used derivative financial instruments to manage exposure to foreign exchange risk on certain repayable intercompany loans with foreign subsidiaries, specifically foreign exchange forward contracts.

Concentration of credit risk with respect to accounts receivable is limited to customers to whom the Company makes significant sales. While a reserve for the potential write-off of accounts receivable is maintained, the Company has not written off any significant accounts to date. To control credit risk, the Company performs regular credit evaluations of its customers’ financial condition.

There was no revenue from customers that represented 10% or more of the Company's total revenue for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 or 2022.

No accounts receivable balance from a specific customer represented 10% or more of the Company's total trade accounts receivable at December 31, 2024 and 2023.

Business Combinations, Goodwill and Intangible Assets

Business Combinations

Total consideration transferred for acquisitions is allocated to the tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed, if any, based on their fair values at the dates of acquisition. This purchase price allocation process requires management to make significant estimates and assumptions with respect to intangible assets and deferred revenue. The fair value of identifiable intangible assets is based on detailed valuations that use information and assumptions determined by management. Any excess of purchase price over the fair value of the net tangible and intangible assets acquired is allocated to goodwill. While the Company uses its best estimates and assumptions to accurately value assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the acquisition date as well as any contingent consideration, where applicable, the Company’s estimates are inherently uncertain and subject to refinement. As a result, during the measurement period, which may be up to one year from the acquisition date, the Company records adjustments to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed with the corresponding offset to goodwill. Upon conclusion of the measurement period or final determination of the values of assets acquired or liabilities assumed, whichever comes first, any subsequent adjustments are recorded to the Company’s consolidated statements of comprehensive income. The fair value of contingent consideration includes estimates and judgments made by management regarding the probability that future contingent payments will be made and the extent of royalties to be earned in excess of the defined minimum royalties. Management updates these estimates and the related fair value of contingent consideration at each reporting period. These changes in the fair value of contingent consideration are recorded to contingent consideration in the Company’s consolidated statements of comprehensive income. For the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022 we recorded an increase of $3.2 million, decrease of $(30.6) million, and decrease of $(28.7) million, respectively, to the estimated contingent consideration obligation, primarily related to the acquisition of Avitide (the “Avitide Acquisition”).

The Company uses the income approach to determine the fair value of certain identifiable intangible assets including customer relationships and developed technology. This approach determines fair value by estimating after-tax cash flows attributable to these assets over their respective useful lives and then discounting these after-tax cash flows back to a present value. The Company bases its assumptions on estimates of future cash flows, expected growth rates, expected trends in technology, etc. Discount rates used to arrive at a present value as of the date of acquisition are based on the time value of money and certain industry-specific risk factors. The Company believes the estimated purchased customer relationships, developed technologies, trademark/tradename, patents, non-compete agreements and in-process research and development amounts so determined represent the fair value at the date of acquisition, and do not exceed the amount a third-party would pay for such assets.

Goodwill

Goodwill is not amortized and is tested for impairment at least annually at the reporting unit level. The Company operates as one reporting unit as of the goodwill impairment measurement date of October 1, 2024. During the qualitative assessment of the Company’s one reporting unit during the 2024 goodwill impairment testing, it was determined that it was not more likely than not that its fair value was less than its carrying amount. As such, a quantitative impairment assessment was not required as of October 1, 2024. If an event occurs or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of its reporting unit below its carrying value, the Company will evaluate its goodwill for impairment between annual tests. There was no impairment to goodwill and therefore no impairment charge recorded for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022.

voluntary change in accounting principle is preferable and will not impact our consolidated financial statements nor is it being done to accelerate, avoid or trigger an impairment charge. This change is not going to be applied retrospectively as it is impracticable to do so because retrospective application would require application of significant estimates and assumptions with the use of hindsight. Therefore, the change will be applied prospectively.

Intangible Assets

Intangible assets with a definite life are amortized over their useful lives using the straight-line method and the amortization expense is recorded within cost of goods sold, research and development (“R&D”) and selling, general and administrative expense in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income. Intangible assets and their related useful lives are reviewed at least annually to determine if any adverse conditions existed that would indicate the carrying value of these assets may not be recoverable. More frequent impairment assessments are conducted if certain conditions exist, including a change in the competitive landscape, any internal decisions to pursue new or different technology strategies, a loss of a significant customer, or a significant change in the marketplace, including changes in the prices paid for the Company’s products or changes in the size of the market for the Company’s products. If impairment indicators are present, the Company determines whether the underlying intangible asset is recoverable through estimated future undiscounted cash flows. If the asset is not found to be recoverable, it is written down to the estimated fair value of the asset based on the sum of the future discounted cash flows expected to result from the use and disposition of the asset. If the estimate of an intangible asset’s remaining useful life is changed, the remaining carrying amount of the intangible asset is amortized prospectively over the revised remaining useful life. The Company continues to believe that its definite-lived intangible assets are recoverable at December 31, 2024.

Indefinite-lived intangible assets are reviewed for impairment at least annually. There has been no impairment of our intangible assets for the periods presented.

Stock Based Compensation

The Company measures stock-based compensation cost at the grant date based on the estimated fair value of the award and recognizes it as an expense over the employee’s requisite service period on a straight-line basis. The Company records the expense for share-based awards subject to performance-based milestone vesting over the remaining service period when management determines that achievement of the milestone is probable. Management evaluates whether the achievement of a performance-based milestone is probable as of the reporting date. The Company has no awards that are subject to market conditions. The Company recognizes stock-based compensation expense based upon options that are ultimately expected to vest, and accordingly, such compensation expense has been adjusted by an amount of estimated forfeitures.

The Company uses the Black-Scholes option pricing model to calculate the fair value of share-based awards on the grant date. The following assumptions are used in calculating the fair value of share-based awards:

Expected term – The expected term of options granted represents the period of time for which the options are expected to be outstanding. For purposes of estimating the expected term, the Company has aggregated all individual option awards into one group as the Company does not expect substantial differences in exercise behavior among its employees.

Expected volatility – The expected volatility is a measure of the amount by which the Company’s stock price is expected to fluctuate during the expected term of options granted. The Company determines the expected volatility based primarily upon the historical volatility of the Company’s common stock over a period commensurate with the option’s expected term.

Risk-free interest rate – The risk-free interest rate is the implied yield available on U.S. treasury zero-coupon issues with a remaining term equal to the option’s expected term on the grant date.

Expected dividend yield – The Company has never declared or paid any cash dividends on any of its capital stock and does not expect to do so in the foreseeable future. Accordingly, the Company uses an expected dividend yield of zero to calculate the grant-date fair value of a stock option.

Estimated forfeiture rates – The Company has applied, based on an analysis of its historical forfeitures, annual forfeiture rates of 8% for awards granted to non-executive level employees, 3% for awards granted to executive level employees and 0% for awards granted to non-employee members of the Board of Directors (“Board”) to all unvested stock options as of December 31, 2024. The Company reevaluates this analysis periodically and adjusts these estimated forfeiture rates as necessary. Ultimately, the Company will only recognize an expense for those shares that vest.

Advertising Costs

The Company expenses advertising costs as they are incurred. Advertising expense for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 was $0.7 million, $0.8 million and $0.6 million, respectively.

Recent Accounting Standards Updates

We consider the applicability and impact of all ASUs and other accounting guidance on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. Updates not listed below were assessed and determined to be either not applicable or are expected to have minimal impact on the Company’s consolidated financial position or results of operations. Recently issued accounting guidance that we feel may be applicable to the Company are as follows:

Recently Issued Accounting Guidance – Adopted During the Fiscal Year

In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, “Segment Reporting (Topic 820) - Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures.” ASU 2023-07 will improve reportable segment disclosure requirements, primarily through enhanced annual and interim disclosures about significant segment expenses that are regularly provided to the CODM. ASU 2023-07 was effective for the Company for annual periods beginning on January 1, 2024 and interim periods beginning on January 1, 2025. The amendments of this guidance apply retrospectively to all prior periods presented in the consolidated financial statements. The adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and disclosures and is reflected in Note 2, “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies – Segment Reporting.”

Recently Issued Accounting Guidance – Not Yet Adopted

In November 2024, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2024-03, “Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses.” The ASU requires additional disclosures by disaggregating the costs and expense line items that are presented on the face of the income statement. The disaggregation includes: (i) amounts of purchased inventory, employee compensation, depreciation, amortization, and other related costs and expenses; (ii) an explanation of costs and expenses that are not disaggregated on a quantitative basis; and (iii) the definition and total amount of selling expenses. The ASU is effective for our Annual Report on Form 10-K beginning in 2027 and subsequent interim reports. Early adoption is permitted. The ASU should be applied prospectively. Retrospective application is permitted for all prior periods presented in the financial statements. We are currently evaluating the impact of adopting this ASU on our financial reporting disclosures.

In March 2024, the SEC adopted final rules under SEC Release No. 33-11275 requiring public companies to provide certain climate-related information in their registration statements and annual reports. As part of the disclosures, registrants will be required to quantify certain effects of severe weather events and other natural conditions in a note to their audited financial statements. The rules were immediately challenged in a number of lawsuits, which were subsequently consolidated by the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit. In April 2024, the SEC announced that it is staying implementation of the new rules pending resolution of the consolidated litigation before the Eighth Circuit. The Company is assessing the effect of compliance with the new rules on its condensed consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, “Income Taxes (Topic 740) - Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures.” ASU 2023-09 enhances the transparency and decision usefulness of income tax disclosures by requiring consistent categories and greater disaggregation of information in the rate reconciliation and income taxes paid disaggregated by jurisdiction. ASU 2023-09 will be effective for the Company in its income tax disclosure included in its 2025 Annual Report on Form 10-K and will be applied on a prospective basis. However, retrospective application is permitted. Early adoption is also permitted. Besides a change

in income tax disclosures, the Company does not expect the adoption of ASU 2023-09 to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.

Fair Value Measurements

Cash, Cash Equivalents and Marketable Securities Held to Maturity

The following table summarizes the Company's cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities held to maturity as of December 31, 2024:

Amortized Costs GrossUnrealizedGains GrossUnrealizedLosses EstimatedFair Value

Cash and cash equivalents:

Amortized Cost GrossUnrealizedGains GrossUnrealizedLosses EstimatedFair Value

Cash and cash equivalents:

During the fourth quarter of 2022, the Company purchased $100.0 million of 6-month U.S. treasury bills with the positive intent and ability to hold them until maturity. Therefore, the Company classified this investment as held to maturity and stated it at amortized cost on the consolidated balance sheets. There is no comparable investment as of December 31, 2024 or 2023.

RGEN US Equity

RGEN · 10-K · period ended 2024-12-31

ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA

ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE.

ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 9C. DISCLOSURE REGARDING FOREIGN JURISDICTIONS THAT PREVENT INSPECTIONS

ITEM 15. EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES

ITEM 16. 10-K SUMMARY

RGEN US Equity☆

RGEN · 10-K · period ended 2024-12-31

ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA

ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE.

ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 9C. DISCLOSURE REGARDING FOREIGN JURISDICTIONS THAT PREVENT INSPECTIONS

ITEM 15. EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES

ITEM 16. 10-K SUMMARY

RGEN US Equity