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Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

You should read the following discussion in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and related notes included in this 2024 Form 10-K. This 2024 Form 10-K contains certain forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 (the “PSLRA”), Section 27A of the Securities Act, and Section 21E of the Exchange Act, about our expectations, beliefs, or intentions regarding our business, financial condition, results of operations, strategies, or prospects. You can identify forward-looking statements by the fact that these statements do not relate strictly to historical or current matters. Rather, forward-looking statements relate to anticipated or expected events, activities, trends, or results as of the date they are made. Because forward-looking statements relate to matters that have not yet occurred, these statements are inherently subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause our actual results to differ materially from any future results expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements. Many factors could cause our actual activities or results to differ materially from the activities and results anticipated in forward-looking statements. These factors include those contained in Part I, “Item 1A. Risk Factors” of this 2024 Form 10-K. We do not undertake any obligation to update forward-looking statements, except as required by law. We intend that all forward-looking statements be subject to the safe harbor provisions of the PSLRA. These forward-looking statements are only predictions and reflect our views as of the date they are made with respect to future events and financial performance.

Overview

Red Violet, Inc., a Delaware corporation, is dedicated to making the world a safer place and reducing the cost of doing business. We build proprietary technologies and apply analytical capabilities to deliver identity intelligence. Our technology powers critical solutions, which empower organizations to operate with confidence. Our solutions enable the real-time identification and location of people, businesses, assets, and their interrelationships. These solutions are used for purposes including identity verification, risk mitigation, due diligence, fraud detection and prevention, regulatory compliance, and customer acquisition. Our AI/ML-driven identity intelligence platform, CORETM, is purpose-built for the enterprise, yet flexible enough for organizations of all sizes, bringing clarity to massive datasets by transforming data into intelligence. We drive workflow efficiency and enable organizations to make better data-driven decisions.

Organizations are challenged by the structure, volume, velocity, and disparity of data. Our platform and applications provide real-time analytics, transforming the way our customers interact with information by presenting connections and relevance of information otherwise unattainable, which drives actionable insights and better outcomes. Leveraging cloud-native proprietary technology and applying machine learning and advanced analytical capabilities, CORE provides essential solutions to public and private sector organizations through intuitive, easy-to-use analytical interfaces. With massive data assets consisting of public record, proprietary, and publicly-available data, our differentiated information and innovative platform and solutions deliver identity intelligence – entities, relationships, affiliations, interactions, and events. Our solutions are used today to enable frictionless commerce, to ensure safety, and to reduce fraud and the concomitant expense borne by society.

While our platform powers a vast array of solutions for our customers, we presently market our solutions primarily through two brands, IDITM and FOREWARN®. IDI is a leading-edge, analytics and information solutions provider delivering actionable intelligence to an expansive and diverse set of industries in support of use cases such as the verification and authentication of consumer identities, due diligence, prevention of fraud and abuse, legislative compliance, and debt recovery. idiCORETM is IDI's flagship product. idiCORE is a next-generation, investigative solution used to address a variety of organizational challenges, including, but not limited to, due diligence, risk mitigation, identity authentication, and regulatory compliance, by financial services companies, insurance companies, healthcare companies, law enforcement and government, identity verification platforms, collections, law firms, retail, telecommunication companies, corporate security, and investigative firms. FOREWARN is an app-based solution currently tailored for the real estate industry, providing instant knowledge prior to face-to-face engagement with a consumer, helping professionals identify and mitigate risk. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, IDI had 8,926 and 7,875 billable customers and FOREWARN had 303,418 and 185,380 users, respectively. We define a billable customer of IDI as a single entity that generated revenue during the last three months of the period. Billable customers are typically corporate organizations. In most cases, corporate organizations will have multiple users and/or departments purchasing our solutions, however, we count the entire organization as a discrete customer. We define a user of FOREWARN as a unique person that has a subscription to use the FOREWARN service as of the last day of the period. A unique person can only have one user account.

We generate substantially all of our revenue from licensing our solutions. Customers access our solutions through a hosted environment using an online interface, batch processing, API, and custom integrations. We recognize revenue from licensing fees (a) on a transactional basis determined by the customer’s usage, (b) via a monthly fee or (c) from a combination of both. Revenue pursuant to pricing contracts containing a monthly fee is recognized ratably over the contract period. Pricing contracts are generally annual contracts or longer, with auto renewal. For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, 77% and 79% of total revenue was attributable to customers with pricing contracts, respectively, versus 23% and 21% attributable to transactional customers, respectively.

We endeavor to understand our customers’ needs at the moment of first engagement. We continuously engage with our customers and evaluate their usage of our solutions throughout their life cycle, to maximize utilization of our solutions and, hence, their productivity. Our go-to-market strategy leverages (a) an inside sales team that cultivates relationships, and ultimately closes business, with their end-user markets, (b) a strategic sales team that provides a more personal, face-to-face approach for major accounts within certain industries, and (c) distributors, resellers, and strategic partners that have a significant foothold in many of the industries that we have not historically served, as well as to further penetrate those industries that we do serve. We employ a “land and expand” approach. Our sales model generally begins with a trial followed by an initial purchase on a transactional basis or minimum-committed monthly spend. As organizations derive benefits from our solutions, we are able to expand within organizations as additional use cases are presented across departments, divisions, and geographic locations, and customers become increasingly reliant on our solutions in their daily workflow.

In order for us to continue to develop new products, grow our existing business and expand into additional markets, we must generate and sustain sufficient operating profits and cash flow in future periods. This will require us to generate additional sales from current products and new products currently under development. We continue to build out our sales organization to drive current products and to introduce new products into the marketplace.

Industry Trends and Uncertainties

Operating results are affected by the following factors that impact the data and analytics sector in the United States:

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The macroeconomic conditions, including the availability of affordable credit and capital, interest rates, inflation, employment levels, and consumer confidence, influence our revenue. Macroeconomic conditions also have a direct impact on overall technology, marketing, and advertising expenditures in the U.S. As marketing budgets are often more discretionary in nature, they are easier to reduce in the short term as compared to other corporate expenses. Future widespread economic slowdowns in any of the industries or markets our customers serve could reduce the technology and marketing expenditures of our customers and prospective customers.

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Our revenue is also significantly influenced by industry trends, including the demand for business analytics services in the industries we serve. Companies are increasingly relying on business analytics and related technologies to help process data in a cost-efficient manner. As customers have gained the ability to rapidly aggregate data generated by their own activities, they are increasingly expecting access to real-time data and analytics from their service providers as well as solutions that fully integrate into their workflows. The increasing number and complexity of regulations centered around data and provision of information services makes operations for businesses in the data and analytic sector more challenging.

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The enactment of new or amended legislation or industry regulations pertaining to consumer or private sector privacy issues could have a material adverse impact on information and marketing services. Legislation or industry regulations regarding consumer or private sector privacy issues could place restrictions upon the collection, sharing, and use of information that is currently legally available, which could materially increase our cost of collecting and maintaining some data. These types of legislation or industry regulations could also prohibit us from collecting or disseminating certain types of data, which could adversely affect our ability to meet our customers’ requirements and our profitability and cash flow targets.

Company Specific Trends and Uncertainties

Our operating results are also directly affected by company-specific factors, including the following:

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Some of our competitors have substantially greater financial, technical, sales and marketing resources, better name recognition, and a larger customer base. Even if we introduce advanced products that meet evolving customer requirements in a timely manner, there can be no assurance that our new products will gain market acceptance.

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Certain companies in the data and analytics sector have expanded their product lines or technologies in recent years as a result of increased investment and acquisitions. We anticipate increased competition from data and analytics suppliers. Increased competition in the data and analytics sector could result in significant price competition, reduced profit margins or loss of market share, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results and financial condition. There can be no assurance that we will be able to compete successfully in the future with current or new competitors.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations are based upon our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with US GAAP. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate our estimates, including those related to the revenue recognition, allowance for doubtful accounts, useful lives of intangible assets, recoverability of the carrying amounts of goodwill and intangible assets, share-based compensation, and income tax provision. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

We believe the following critical accounting policies govern our more significant judgments and estimates used in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements.

Revenue recognition

We recognize revenue in accordance with ASC 606, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers” (“Topic 606”). Under this standard, revenue is recognized when control of goods or services is transferred to the Company’s customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services. Our performance obligation is to provide on demand information and identity intelligence solutions to our customers by leveraging our proprietary technology and applying machine learning and advanced analytics to our massive data repository. The pricing for the customer contracts is based on usage, a monthly fee, or a combination of both.

Revenue is generally recognized on (a) a transactional basis determined by the customers’ usage, (b) a monthly fee, or (c) a combination of both. Revenue pursuant to transactions determined by the customers’ usage is recognized when the transaction is complete, and either party may terminate the transactional agreement at any time. Revenue pursuant to contracts containing a monthly fee is considered to be a single performance obligation consisting of a series of distinct services, and is recognized ratably over the contract period, which is generally 12 months, and the contract shall automatically renew for additional, successive 12-month terms unless written notice of intent not to renew is provided by one party to the other at least 30 days or 60 days prior to the expiration of the then current term. Variable fees are allocated to each distinct month in the series for which they are earned. Our revenue is recorded net of applicable sales taxes billed to customers.

Available within Topic 606, we have applied the portfolio approach practical expedient in accounting for customer revenue as one collective group, rather than individual contracts. Based on our historical knowledge of the contracts contained in this portfolio and the similar nature and characteristics of the customers, we have concluded the financial statement effects are not materially different than if accounting for revenue on a contract by contract basis.

Revenue is recognized over a period of time. Our customers simultaneously receive and consume the benefits provided by our performance as and when provided. Furthermore, we have elected the “right to invoice” practical expedient, available within Topic 606, as our measure of progress, since we have a right to payment from a customer in an amount that corresponds directly with the value of our performance completed-to-date. In some arrangements, a right to consideration for our performance under the customer contract may occur before invoicing to the customer, resulting in an unbilled accounts receivable. As of December 31, 2024, the current and noncurrent portion unbilled accounts receivable of $0.9 million and $1.1 million, respectively, were included within accounts receivable and other noncurrent assets, respectively, on the consolidated balance sheets. As of December 31, 2023, the current and noncurrent portion unbilled accounts receivable of $0.8 and $0.4, respectively, were included within accounts receivable and other noncurrent assets, respectively, on the consolidated balance sheets. Our revenue arrangements do not contain significant financing components.

For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, 77% and 79% of total revenue was attributable to customers with pricing contracts, respectively, versus 23% and 21% attributable to transactional customers, respectively. Pricing contracts are generally annual contracts or longer, with auto renewal.

If a customer pays consideration before we transfer services to the customer, those amounts are classified as deferred revenue. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the balance of deferred revenue was $0.7 million, all of which is expected to be realized in the next 12 months. In relation to the deferred revenue balance as of December 31, 2023, $0.7 million was recognized into revenue during the year ended December 31, 2024.

As of December 31, 2024, $22.3 million of revenue is expected to be recognized in the future for performance obligations that are unsatisfied or partially unsatisfied, related to pricing contracts that have a term of more than 12 months, of which $11.3 million of revenue will be recognized in 2025, $6.5 million in 2026, $3.8 million in 2027, $0.6 million in 2028, and $0.1 million in 2029. The actual timing of recognition may vary due to factors outside of our control. We exclude variable consideration related entirely to wholly unsatisfied performance obligations and contracts and recognizes such variable consideration based upon the right to invoice the customer.

Sales commissions are incurred and recorded on an ongoing basis over the term of the customer relationship. These costs are recorded in sales and marketing expenses.

In addition, we elected the practical expedient to not disclose the value of unsatisfied performance obligations for (i) contracts with an original expected length of one year or less and (ii) contracts for which we recognize revenue at the amount to which we have the right to invoice for services performed.

Allowances for doubtful accounts

We maintain allowance for doubtful accounts for estimated losses resulting from the inability of our customers to make required payments. Management determines whether an allowance needs to be provided for an amount due from a customer depending on the aging of the individual receivable balance, recent payment history, contractual terms and other qualitative factors such as status of business relationship with the customer. Historically, our estimates for doubtful accounts have not differed materially from actual results. The amount of the allowance for doubtful accounts was $0.2 million as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, which was included within accounts receivable, net, in the consolidated balance sheets.

Income taxes

We account for income taxes in accordance with ASC 740, “Income Taxes,” which requires the use of the asset and liability method of accounting for income taxes. Under the asset and liability method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are computed based upon the difference between the financial statement and income tax basis of assets and liabilities using the enacted tax rate applicable when the related asset or liability is expected to be realized or settled. Deferred income tax expenses or benefits are based on the changes in the asset or liability each period. If available evidence suggests that it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized, a valuation allowance is required to reduce the deferred tax assets to the amount that is more likely than not to be realized. Prior to the third quarter of 2023, primarily due to cumulative pre-tax losses, management determined a full valuation allowance was necessary to reduce the deferred tax assets to the amount that is more likely than not to be realized. During the third quarter of 2023, we released the valuation allowance previously recorded on our deferred tax assets. We concluded that, due to our established historical cumulative positive income before income taxes plus permanent differences for the recent years, projections of future taxable income, and the reversal of taxable temporary differences, the realization of the deferred tax assets as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 is more likely than not.

ASC 740 clarifies the accounting for uncertain tax positions. This interpretation requires that an entity recognizes in the consolidated financial statements the impact of a tax position, if that position is more likely than not of being sustained upon examination, based on the technical merits of the position. Recognized income tax positions are measured at the largest amount that is greater than 50% likely of being realized. Changes in recognition or measurement are reflected in the period in which the change in judgment occurs. The Company’s accounting policy is to accrue interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions, if and when required, as interest expense and a component of other expenses, respectively, in the consolidated statements of operations.

Intangible assets other than goodwill

Our intangible assets are initially recorded at the capitalized actual costs incurred, their acquisition cost, or fair value if acquired as part of a business combination, and amortized on a straight-line basis over their respective estimated useful lives, which are the periods over which the assets are expected to contribute directly or indirectly to the future cash flows of the Company. The Company’s intangible assets represent software developed for internal use. Intangible assets have estimated useful lives of 5-10 years.

In accordance with ASC 350-40, “Software—internal use software,” we capitalize eligible costs, including personnel-related expenses, share-based compensation, and travel expenses incurred by relevant employees, and other relevant costs of developing internal-use software that are incurred in the application development stage when developing or obtaining software for internal use. Once the software developed for internal use is ready for its intended use, it is amortized on a straight-line basis over its useful life.

Goodwill

In accordance with ASC 350, “Intangibles—Goodwill and Other,” goodwill is tested at least annually for impairment, or when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of such assets may not be recoverable, by assessing qualitative factors or performing a quantitative analysis in determining whether it is more likely than not that its fair value exceeds the carrying value. A quantitative assessment involves determining the fair value of each reporting unit using market participant assumptions. An entity should recognize an impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying amount of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value up to the amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. We have assessed that we have one operating segment and one reporting unit, and the consolidated net assets, including existing goodwill and other intangible assets, are considered to be the carrying value of the reporting unit.

On October 1, 2024 and 2023, we performed qualitative assessments on the reporting unit and, based on this assessment, no events have occurred to indicate that it is more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carry amount. We did not record a goodwill impairment loss during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, and as of December 31, 2024, there was no accumulated goodwill impairment loss.

For purposes of reviewing impairment and the recoverability of goodwill, we must make various assumptions regarding estimated future cash flows and other factors in determining the fair value of the reporting unit, including market multiples, discount rates, etc.

Impairment of long-lived assets

Finite-lived intangible assets are amortized over their respective useful lives and, along with other long-lived assets, are evaluated for impairment periodically whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that their related carrying amounts may not be recoverable in accordance with ASC 360-10-15, “Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets.” In evaluating long-lived assets for recoverability, including finite-lived intangibles and property and equipment, the Company uses its best estimate of future cash flows expected to result from the use of the asset and eventual disposition in accordance with ASC 360-10-15. To the extent that estimated future undiscounted cash inflows attributable to the asset, less estimated future undiscounted cash outflows, are less than the carrying amount, an impairment loss is recognized in an amount equal to the difference between the carrying value of such asset and its fair value. Assets to be disposed of and for which there is a committed plan of disposal, whether through sale or abandonment, are reported at the lower of carrying value or fair value less costs to sell.

Asset recoverability is an area involving management judgment, requiring assessment as to whether the carrying value of assets can be supported by the undiscounted future cash flows. In calculating the future cash flows, certain assumptions are required to be made in respect of highly uncertain matters such as revenue growth rates, gross margin percentages and terminal growth rates.

We did not record an impairment loss of long-lived assets during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023.

Share-based compensation

We account for share-based compensation to employees in accordance with ASC 718, “Compensation—Stock Compensation.” Under ASC 718, we measure the cost of employee services received in exchange for an award of equity instruments based on the grant-date fair value of the award and, for those awards subject only to service condition, recognizes the costs on a straight-line basis over the period the employee is required to provide service in exchange for the award, which generally is the vesting period. For awards with performance and service conditions, we begin recording share-based compensation when achieving the performance criteria is probable and we recognize the costs using the accelerated attribution method. We account for forfeitures as they occur.

We have issued share-based awards with performance-based vesting criteria. Achievement of the milestones must be probable before we begin recording share-based compensation expense. When the performance-based vesting criteria is considered probable, we begin to recognize compensation expense at that time. In the period that achievement of the performance-based criteria is deemed probable, US GAAP requires the immediate recognition of all previously unrecognized compensation since the original grant date. As a result, compensation expense recorded in the period that achievement is deemed probable could include a substantial amount of previously unrecorded compensation expense related to the prior periods. For any share-based awards where performance-based vesting criteria is no longer considered probable, previously recognized compensation cost would be reversed. As of December 31, 2024, no amortization of share-based compensation expense has been recognized for 95,000 RSUs subject to Criteria Four, as defined in Note 10, “Share-based compensation,” included in “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements,” because the Company determined that it is not probable that related performance criteria will be met.

Recently Issued Accounting Standards

See Item 8 of Part II, “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data – Note 2. Summary of significant accounting policies - (r) Recently issued accounting standards.”

Fourth Quarter Financial Results

For the three months ended December 31, 2024 as compared to the three months ended December 31, 2023:

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Total revenue increased 30% to $19.6 million.

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Gross profit increased 43% to $13.7 million. Gross margin increased to 70% from 64%.

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Adjusted gross profit increased 37% to $16.1 million. Adjusted gross margin increased to 82% from 78%.

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Net income was $0.9 million compared to a net loss of $1.1 million, which resulted in earnings of $0.06 per basic and diluted share. Net income margin was 4% compared to a net loss margin of 7%.

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Adjusted EBITDA increased 68% to $4.5 million. Adjusted EBITDA margin increased to 23% from 18%.

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Adjusted net income increased 390% to $1.3 million, which resulted in adjusted earnings of $0.10 and $0.09 per basic and diluted share, respectively.

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Cash from operating activities increased 59% to $6.7 million.

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Cash and cash equivalents were $36.5 million as of December 31, 2024.

Full Year Financial Results

For the year ended December 31, 2024 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2023:

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Total revenue increased 25% to $75.2 million.

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Gross profit increased 33% to $51.8 million. Gross margin increased to 69% from 65%.

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Adjusted gross profit increased 30% to $61.2 million. Adjusted gross margin increased to 81% from 78%.

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Net income was $7.0 million compared to $13.5 million (inclusive of a one-time deferred income tax benefit of $10.3 million in 2023), which resulted in earnings of $0.51 and $0.50 per basic and diluted share, respectively. Net income margin decreased to 9% from 22%.

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Adjusted EBITDA increased 44% to $23.6 million. Adjusted EBITDA margin increased to 31% from 27%.

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Adjusted net income increased 42% to $11.5 million, which resulted in adjusted earnings of $0.83 and $0.82 per basic and diluted share, respectively.

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Cash from operating activities increased 59% to $24.0 million.

Use and Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Financial Measures

Management evaluates the financial performance of our business on a variety of key indicators, including non-GAAP metrics of adjusted EBITDA, adjusted EBITDA margin, adjusted net income, adjusted earnings per share, adjusted gross profit, adjusted gross margin, and free cash flow ("FCF"). Adjusted EBITDA is a non-GAAP financial measure equal to net income (loss), the most directly comparable financial measure based on US GAAP, excluding interest income, income tax (benefit) expense, depreciation and amortization, share-based compensation expense, litigation costs, and write-off of long-lived assets and others. We define adjusted EBITDA margin as adjusted EBITDA as a percentage of revenue. Adjusted net income is a non-GAAP financial measure equal to net income (loss), the most directly comparable financial measure based on US GAAP, excluding share-based compensation expense, amortization of share-based compensation capitalized in intangible assets, and discrete tax items, and including the tax effect of adjustments. We define adjusted earnings per share as adjusted net income divided by the weighted average shares outstanding. We define adjusted gross profit as revenue less cost of revenue (exclusive of depreciation and amortization), and adjusted gross margin as adjusted gross profit as a percentage of revenue. We define FCF as net cash provided by operating activities reduced by purchase of property and equipment and capitalized costs included in intangible assets.

The following is a reconciliation of net income (loss), the most directly comparable US GAAP financial measure, to adjusted EBITDA:

Three Months Ended December 31, Year Ended December 31,

Write-off of long-lived assets and others 3 19 92 77

Net income (loss) margin 4 % (7 %) 9 % 22 %

Adjusted EBITDA margin 23 % 18 % 31 % 27 %

The following is a reconciliation of net income (loss), the most directly comparable US GAAP financial measure, to adjusted net income:

Three Months Ended December 31, Year Ended December 31,

Discrete tax items(1) - - - (10,272 )

Earnings per share:

Adjusted earnings per share:

Weighted average shares outstanding:

(1) During the three months ended September 30, 2023, a one-time income tax benefit of $10.3 million was recognized as a result of the release of the valuation allowance previously recorded on our deferred tax asset and cumulative research and development tax credit, which were excluded to calculate the adjusted net income.

(2) The tax effect of adjustments is calculated using the expected federal and state statutory tax rate. The expected federal and state income tax rate was approximately 26.00% for the three and twelve months ended December 31, 2024, and 25.75% for the three and twelve months ended December 31, 2023.

(3) For the three months ended December 31, 2023, diluted weighted average shares outstanding for adjusted diluted earnings per share are calculated by the inclusion of unvested RSUs, which were not included in US GAAP diluted weighted average shares outstanding due to the Company's net loss position for such period.

The following is a reconciliation of gross profit, the most directly comparable US GAAP financial measure, to adjusted gross profit:

Three Months Ended December 31, Year Ended December 31,

Adjusted gross margin 82 % 78 % 81 % 78 %

The following is a reconciliation of net cash provided by operating activities, the most directly comparable US GAAP measure, to FCF:

Three Months Ended December 31, Year Ended December 31,

Less:

Purchase of property and equipment (17 ) (24 ) (169 ) (122 )

In order to assist readers of our consolidated financial statements in understanding the operating results that management uses to evaluate the business and for financial planning purposes, we present non-GAAP measures of adjusted EBITDA, adjusted EBITDA margin, adjusted net income, adjusted earnings per share, adjusted gross profit, adjusted gross margin, and FCF as supplemental measures of our operating performance. We believe they provide useful information to our investors as they eliminate the impact of certain items that we do not consider indicative of our cash operations and ongoing operating performance. In addition, we use them as an integral part of our internal reporting to measure the performance and operating strength of our business.

We believe adjusted EBITDA, adjusted EBITDA margin, adjusted net income, adjusted earnings per share, adjusted gross profit, adjusted gross margin, and FCF are relevant and provide useful information frequently used by securities analysts, investors and other interested parties in their evaluation of the operating performance of companies similar to ours and are indicators of the operational strength of our business. We believe adjusted EBITDA eliminates the uneven effect of considerable amounts of non-cash depreciation and amortization, share-based compensation expense, and the impact of other non-recurring items, providing useful comparisons versus prior periods or forecasts. Adjusted EBITDA margin is calculated as adjusted EBITDA as a percentage of revenue. We believe adjusted net income provides additional means of evaluating period-over-period operating performance by eliminating certain non-cash expenses and other items that might otherwise make comparisons of our ongoing business with prior periods more difficult and obscure trends in ongoing operations. Adjusted net income is a non-GAAP financial measure equal to net income (loss), excluding share-based compensation expense, amortization of share-based compensation capitalized in intangible assets, and discrete tax items, and including the tax effect of adjustments. We define adjusted earnings per share as adjusted net income divided by the weighted average shares outstanding. Our adjusted gross profit is a measure used by management in evaluating the business’s current operating performance by excluding the impact of prior historical costs of assets that are expensed systematically and allocated over the estimated useful lives of the assets, which may not be indicative of the current operating activity. Our adjusted gross profit is calculated by using revenue, less cost of revenue (exclusive of depreciation and amortization). We believe adjusted gross profit provides useful information to our investors by eliminating the impact of non-cash depreciation and amortization, and specifically the amortization of software developed for internal use, providing a baseline of our core operating results that allow for analyzing trends in our underlying business consistently over multiple periods. Adjusted gross margin is calculated as adjusted gross profit as a percentage of revenue. We believe FCF is an important liquidity measure of the cash that is available, after capital expenditures, for operational expenses and investment in our business. FCF is a measure used by management to understand and evaluate the business’s operating performance and trends over time. FCF is calculated by using net cash provided by operating activities, less purchase of property and equipment and capitalized costs included in intangible assets.

Adjusted EBITDA, adjusted EBITDA margin, adjusted net income, adjusted earnings per share, adjusted gross profit, adjusted gross margin, and FCF are not intended to be performance measures that should be regarded as an alternative to, or more meaningful than, financial measures presented in accordance with US GAAP. In addition, FCF is not intended to represent our residual cash flow available for discretionary expenses and is not necessarily a measure of our ability to fund our cash needs. The way we measure adjusted EBITDA, adjusted EBITDA margin, adjusted net income, adjusted earnings per share, adjusted gross profit, adjusted gross margin, and FCF may not be comparable to similarly titled measures presented by other companies, and may not be identical to corresponding measures used in our various agreements.

Quarterly Financial Data (unaudited)

The following tables set forth the Company's unaudited quarterly consolidated statements of operations data and reconciliations of certain directly comparable US GAAP financial measures to non-GAAP financial measures, including adjusted EBITDA, adjusted EBITDA margin, adjusted net income, adjusted earnings per share, adjusted gross profit, adjusted gross margin, and FCF for each of the eight quarters in the two-year period ended December 31, 2024. The Company has prepared the quarterly unaudited consolidated statements of operations data on a basis consistent with the audited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this 2024 Form 10-K. In the opinion of management, the financial information in these tables reflects all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments, which management considers necessary for a fair presentation of this data. This information should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this 2024 Form 10-K. The results of historical periods are not necessarily indicative of the results for any future period.

Three Months Ended

Costs and expenses:

Earnings (loss) per share:

Weighted average shares outstanding:

Three Months Ended

Write-off of long-lived assets and others 2 - 56 19 7 - 82 3

Net income (loss) margin 5 % 9 % 79 % (7 %) 10 % 14 % 9 % 4 %

Three Months Ended

Discrete tax items - - (10,272 ) - - - - -

Earnings (loss) per share:

Adjusted earnings per share:

Weighted average shares outstanding:

Three Months Ended

Less:

Results of Operations

Year ended December 31, 2024 compared to year ended December 31, 2023

Revenue. Revenue increased $15.0 million or 25% to $75.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 from $60.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2023. Revenue from new customers increased $1.0 million or 18%, base revenue from existing customers increased $11.6 million or 25%, and growth revenue from existing customers increased $2.4 million or 33%. Our IDI billable customer base grew from 7,875 customers as of December 31, 2023 to 8,926 customers as of December 31, 2024, and our FOREWARN user base grew from 185,380 users to 303,418 users during that same period. Revenue from new customers represents the total monthly revenue generated from new customers in a given period. A customer is defined as a new customer during the first six months of revenue generation. Base revenue from existing customers represents the total monthly revenue generated from existing customers in a given period that does not exceed the customers' trailing six-month average revenue. A customer is defined as an existing customer six months after their initial month of revenue. Growth revenue from existing customers represents the total monthly revenue generated from existing customers in a given period in excess of the customers' trailing six-month average revenue.

Cost of revenue (exclusive of depreciation and amortization). Cost of revenue (exclusive of depreciation and amortization) increased $0.9 million or 7% to $14.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 from $13.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2023. Our cost of revenue primarily includes data acquisition costs. Data acquisition costs consist primarily of the costs to acquire data either on a transactional basis or through flat-fee data licensing agreements, including unlimited usage agreements. We continue to enhance the breadth and depth of our data through the addition and expansion of relationships with key data suppliers, including our largest data supplier, which accounted for 45% and 48% of our total data acquisition costs for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Other cost of revenue items include expenses related to third-party infrastructure fees.

As the construct of our data costs is primarily a flat-fee, unlimited usage model, the cost of revenue as a percentage of revenue decreased to 19% for the year ended December 31, 2024 from 22% for the year ended December 31, 2023. We expect that cost of revenue as a percentage of revenue will continue to decrease over the coming years as our revenue increases. Historically, at scale, the industry business model’s cost of revenue will trend between 15% and 30% as a percentage of revenue.

Sales and marketing expenses. Sales and marketing expenses increased $4.0 million or 29% to $17.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 from $13.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2023. Sales and marketing expenses consist of personnel-related expenses, advertising, marketing and agency expenses, travel expenses, and share-based compensation expense, incurred by our sales team, and provision for bad debts. The increase during the year ended December 31, 2024 was primarily attributable to an increase of $4.1 million in personnel-related expenses, $0.3 million in advertising, marketing and agency expenses, and $0.2 million in share-based compensation expense, which was partially offset by the decrease of $0.7 million in provision for bad debts.

General and administrative expenses. General and administrative expenses increased $3.5 million or 15% to $25.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 from $22.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2023. For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, our general and administrative expenses consisted primarily of personnel-related expenses of $13.8 million and $11.8 million, share-based compensation expense of $5.3 million and $4.9 million, and professional fees of $4.2 million and $3.2 million, respectively.

Depreciation and amortization. Depreciation and amortization expenses increased $1.2 million or 14% to $9.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 from $8.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2023. The increase in depreciation and amortization for the year ended December 31, 2024 resulted primarily from the amortization of software developed for internal use that became ready for its intended use after December 31, 2023.

Interest income, net. Interest income increased $0.1 million or 5% to $1.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 from $1.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2023. This was primarily due to interest income earned on investments in certain money market funds.

Income before income taxes. Income before income taxes increased $5.5 million or 143% to $9.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 from $3.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2023. The increase was primarily attributable to the increase in revenue, decrease in our cost of revenue as a percentage of revenue, and decrease in provision for bad debts of $0.7 million, which was partially offset by the increase in personnel-related expenses of $6.1 million, share-based compensation expense of $0.6 million, professional fees of $1.0 million, and depreciation and amortization of $1.2 million.

Income tax expense (benefit). Income tax expense of $2.3 million was recognized for the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to income tax benefit of $9.7 million, inclusive of a one-time deferred income tax benefit as a result of the release of the valuation allowance previously recorded on deferred tax asset and the cumulative research and development tax credit, for the year ended December 31, 2023. Beginning from the third quarter of 2023, the Company released the valuation allowance previously recorded against its deferred tax assets as the Company concluded that the realization of the deferred tax assets is more likely than not. See Note 8, “Income Taxes,” included in “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.”

Net income. Net income was $7.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to $13.5 million (inclusive of a one-time deferred income tax benefit of $10.3 million) for the year ended December 31, 2023, as a result of the foregoing.

Effect of Inflation

We believe the persistent inflationary pressure throughout 2024 and 2023 has contributed to deteriorating macroeconomic conditions and increased recession fears, causing businesses to slow their spending, which have resulted in, and may continue to result, in fluctuations in volumes, pricing, and operating margins for our services. Also, higher interest rates imposed to combat inflation, may reduce the demand for credit, which may lead to a decline in the volume of services we provide to our customers in the banking or financial industry, or other industries that are affected by these types of disruptions. However, the rates of inflation experienced in recent years have had no material impact on our financial statements as we have attempted to recover increased costs by increasing prices for our services, to the extent permitted by contracts and competition.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Cash flows provided by operating activities. For the year ended December 31, 2024, net cash provided by operating activities was $24.0 million, primarily the result of the net income of $7.0 million, adjusted for certain non-cash items (consisting of share-based compensation expense, depreciation and amortization, write-off of long-lived assets, provision for bad debts, noncash lease expenses, and deferred income tax expense (benefit)) totaling $18.5 million, and the cash used as a result of changes in assets and liabilities of $1.5 million, primarily the result of the increase in accounts receivable, prepaid expenses and other current assets, and other noncurrent assets, and the decrease in operating lease liabilities, which was partially offset by the increase in accounts payable and accrued expenses and other current liabilities. For the year ended December 31, 2023, net cash provided by operating activities was $15.1 million, primarily the result of the net income of $13.5 million, adjusted for certain non-cash items, as mentioned above, totaling $5.6 million, and the cash used as a result of changes in assets and liabilities of $4.1 million, primarily the result of the increase in accounts receivable and prepaid expenses and other current assets, and the decrease in accounts payable and operating lease liabilities.

Cash flows used in investing activities. For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, net cash used in investing activities was $9.6 million and $9.1 million, respectively, primarily as a result of capitalized costs included in intangible assets.

Cash flows used in financing activities. For the year ended December 31, 2024, net cash used in financing activities was $9.9 million, resulting from the taxes paid related to the net share settlement of vesting of RSUs of $4.1 million, and the result of $5.9 million paid in aggregate for the repurchase of common stock pursuant to a stock repurchase program that the Board of Directors authorized on May 2, 2022 (the "Stock Repurchase Program"), authorizing the repurchase of up to $5.0 million of our common stock. Subsequently on each of December 19, 2023 and March 28, 2024, the Board of Directors approved the repurchases of an additional $5.0 million of our common stock under the Stock Repurchase Program. For the year ended December 31, 2023, net cash used in financing activities was $5.7 million, the result of $2.0 million in taxes paid related to the net share settlement of vesting of RSUs, and $3.7 million paid in aggregate for the repurchase of common stock pursuant to the Stock Repurchase Program.

As of December 31, 2024, we had material commitments under certain data licensing agreements of $13.7 million. We anticipate funding our operations using available cash and cash flow generated from operations within the next twelve months.

We reported net income of $7.0 million and $13.5 million (inclusive of a one-time deferred income tax benefit of $10.3 million as a result of the release of valuation allowance previously recorded against our deferred tax assets and the cumulative research and development tax credit) for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. As of December 31, 2024, we had a total shareholders’ equity balance of $86.6 million.

As of December 31, 2024, we had cash and cash equivalents of $36.5 million. Based on projections of growth in revenue and operating results in the next twelve months, and the available cash and cash equivalents held by us, we believe that we will have sufficient cash resources to finance our operations and expected capital expenditures for the next twelve months.

Subject to revenue growth and our ability to generate positive cash flow, we may have to raise capital through the issuance of additional equity and/or debt, which, if we are able to obtain, could have the effect of diluting stockholders. Any equity or debt financings, if available at all, may be on terms which are not favorable to us.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We do not have any outstanding off-balance sheet guarantees, interest rate swap transactions or foreign currency forward contracts. In addition, we do not engage in trading activities involving non-exchange traded contracts. In our ongoing business, we do not enter into transactions involving, or otherwise form relationships with, unconsolidated entities or financial partnerships that are established for the purpose of facilitating off-balance sheet arrangements or other contractually narrow or limited purposes.

CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This 2024 Form 10-K contains certain “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the PSLRA, Section 27A of the Securities Act, and Section 21E of the Exchange Act. Such forward-looking statements contain information about our expectations, beliefs or intentions regarding our product development and commercialization efforts, business, financial condition, results of operations, strategies or prospects. You can identify forward-looking statements by the fact that these statements do not relate strictly to historical or current matters. Rather, forward-looking statements relate to anticipated or expected events, activities, trends or results as of the date they are made. Because forward-looking statements relate to matters that have not yet occurred, these statements are inherently subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause our actual results to differ materially from any future results expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements.

Many factors could cause our actual activities or results to differ materially from the activities and results anticipated in forward-looking statements. These factors include the following:

•

Our products and services are highly technical and if they contain undetected errors, our business could be adversely affected and we may have to defend lawsuits or pay damages in connection with any alleged or actual failure of our products and services.

•

If we fail to respond to rapid technological changes in the data and analytics sector, we may lose customers and/or our products and/or services may become obsolete.

•

Because our networks and information technology systems are critical to our success, if unauthorized persons access our systems or our systems otherwise cease to function properly, our operations could be adversely affected and we could lose revenue or proprietary information, all of which could materially adversely affect our business.

•

Data security and integrity are critically important to our business, and breaches of security, unauthorized access to or disclosure of confidential information, disruption, including distributed denial of service (“DDoS”) attacks or the perception that confidential information is not secure, could result in a material loss of business, substantial legal liability or significant harm to our reputation.

•

If we fail to maintain and improve our systems, our certifications, our technology, and our interfaces with data and customers, demand for our services could be adversely affected.

•

Issues in the development and use of artificial intelligence may result in reputational harm, liability, or other adverse consequences to our business.

•

Our business is subject to various governmental regulations, laws, and orders, compliance with which may cause us to incur significant expenses or reduce the availability or effectiveness of our solutions, and the failure to comply with which could subject us to civil or criminal penalties or other liabilities.

•

The outcome of litigation, inquiries, investigations, examinations, or other legal proceedings in which we are involved, in which we may become involved, or in which our customers or competitors are involved, could subject us to significant monetary damages or restrictions on our ability to do business.

•

Our bylaws designate the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware as the sole and exclusive forum for certain actions, including derivative actions, which could limit a stockholder’s ability to bring a claim in a judicial forum that it finds favorable for disputes with the Company and its directors, officers, other employees, or the Company's stockholders, and may discourage lawsuits with respect to such claims.

•

Our future operating results remain uncertain.

•

We depend, in part, on strategic alliances and joint ventures to grow our business. If we are unable to develop and maintain these strategic alliances and joint ventures, our growth may be adversely affected.

•

If we consummate any future acquisitions, we will be subject to the risks inherent in identifying, acquiring, and operating a newly acquired business.

•

Our relationships with key customers may be materially diminished or terminated, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

•

If we lose the services of key personnel, it could adversely affect our business.

•

Our revenue is concentrated in the U.S. market across a broad range of industries. When these industries or the broader financial markets experience a downturn, demand for our services and revenue may be adversely affected.

•

We could lose our access to data sources which could prevent us from providing our services.

•

We must adequately protect our intellectual property in order to prevent loss of valuable proprietary information.

•

We face intense competition from both start-up and established companies that may have significant advantages over us and our products.

•

There may be further consolidation in our end-customer markets, which may adversely affect our revenue.

•

To the extent the availability of free or relatively inexpensive consumer and/or business information increases, the demand for some of our services may decrease.

•

If our newer products do not achieve market acceptance, revenue growth may suffer.

•

Our products and services can have long sales and implementation cycles, which may result in substantial expenses before realizing any associated revenue.

•

If our outside service providers and key vendors are not able to or do not fulfill their service obligations, our operations could be disrupted and our operating results could be harmed.

•

Consolidation in the data and analytics sector may limit market acceptance of our products and services.

•

We may incur substantial expenses defending against claims of infringement.

•

Environmental issues, including any future reporting obligations in connection with environmental issues, may adversely impact our business and operations.

•

Our stock price has been and may continue to be volatile, and the value of an investment in our common stock may decline.

•

Future issuances of shares of our common stock in connection with acquisitions or pursuant to our stock incentive plan could have a dilutive effect on your investment.

•

The concentration of our stock ownership may limit individual stockholder ability to influence corporate matters.

•

We are no longer an “emerging growth company,” however, we are still a “smaller reporting company,” and the reduced disclosure requirements applicable to smaller reporting companies may make our common stock less attractive to investors.

•

We expect that we may need additional capital in the future; however, such capital may not be available to us on reasonable terms, if at all, when or as we require additional funding. If we issue additional shares of our common stock or other securities that may be convertible into, or exercisable or exchangeable for, our common stock, our existing stockholders would experience further dilution.

•

There is no assurance that we will continue to declare or pay dividends on our common stock in the future.

Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.

As a smaller reporting company as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act, we are not required to include information otherwise required by this item.

Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.

Our Consolidated Financial Statements and the Notes thereto, together with the report thereon of our independent registered public accounting firm are filed as part of this report, beginning on page F-1.

Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure.

None.

Item 9A. Controls and Procedures.

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Our management, with the participation of the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d–15(e) of the Exchange Act) as of December 31, 2024. We maintain disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow for timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Based on the evaluation of disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Exchange Act), the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of December 31, 2024.

Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) of the Exchange Act) for the Company. Management, under the supervision of and with the participation of the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, conducted an assessment of the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations (the "COSO") of the Treadway Commission in Internal Control-Integrated Framework (2013). Management concluded that the Company’s internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) of the Exchange Act) was effective as of December 31, 2024, based on criteria in Internal Control-Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the COSO.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

There were no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting identified in connection with management's evaluation pursuant to Rules 13a-15(d) or 15d-15(d) of the Exchange Act during the last fiscal quarter of 2024 that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

Limitations on Effectiveness of Controls and Procedures and Internal Control over Financial Reporting

In designing and evaluating the disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting, management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives. In addition, the design of disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints and that management is required to apply judgment in evaluating the benefits of possible controls and procedures relative to their costs.

Item 9B. Other Information.

Rule 10b5-1 Trading Plans

No officers or directors had any contract, instruction, or written plan for the purchase or sale of our securities that was intended to satisfy the affirmative defense conditions of Rule 10b5-1(c) or any “non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement” in effect at any time during the quarter or year ended December 31, 2024.

Item 9C. Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections.

Not applicable.

PART III

Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance.

The information required by this item (other than certain information required by Item 401 of Regulation S-K with respect to our executive officers, which is provided under Item 1, “Business” of Part I of this 2024 Form 10-K) is incorporated by reference to the definitive proxy statement for our 2025 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be filed with the SEC within 120 days of December 31, 2024.

Item 11. Executive Compensation.

The information required by this item is incorporated by reference to the definitive proxy statement for our 2025 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be filed with the SEC within 120 days of December 31, 2024.

Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters.

Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence.

Item 14. Principal Accountant Fees and Services.

PART IV

Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules.

(a) List of documents filed as part of this report:

1. Financial Statements: The information required by this item is contained in Item 8 of this 2024 Form 10-K.

2. Financial Statement Schedules: The information required by this item is included in the consolidated financial statements contained in Item 8 of this 2024 Form 10-K.

3. Exhibits: The following exhibits are filed as part of, or incorporated by reference into, this 2024 Form 10-K.

Incorporated by Reference Filed

Exhibit No. Exhibit Description Form File No. Exhibit Filing Date Herewith

19.1** Insider Trading Policy. X

21.1 Subsidiaries of Red Violet, Inc. X

23.1 Consent of Grant Thornton LLP. X

+ Management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.

* This certification is deemed furnished and not filed for purposes of Section 18 of the Exchange Act, or otherwise subject to the liability of that section, nor shall it be deemed incorporated by reference into any filing under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act.

** Certain portions of this exhibit (indicated by “####”) have been redacted pursuant to Regulation S-K, Item 601(a)(6).

Item 16. Form 10-K Summary.

Registrants may voluntarily include a summary of information required by Form 10-K under this Item 16. The Company has elected not to include such summary information.

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

February 27, 2025 RED VIOLET, INC.

By: /s/ Derek Dubner

Derek Dubner

Chief Executive Officer

By: /s/ Daniel MacLachlan

Daniel MacLachlan

Chief Financial Officer

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

Signature Title Date

/s/ Derek Dubner Chief Executive Officer and Chairman February 27, 2025

Derek Dubner (Principal Executive Officer)

/s/ Daniel MacLachlan Chief Financial Officer February 27, 2025

Daniel MacLachlan (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

/s/ Peter Benz Director February 27, 2025

Peter Benz

/s/ Steven D. Rubin Director February 27, 2025

Steven D. Rubin

/s/ Lisa Stanton Director February 27, 2025

Lisa Stanton

/s/ William Livek Director February 27, 2025

William Livek

Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.

Index to Financial Statements

Page

Consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 F-3

Notes to consolidated financial statements F-7

F-1

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

Board of Directors and Shareholders

Red Violet, Inc.

Opinion on the financial statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Red Violet, Inc. (a Delaware corporation) and subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the related consolidated statements of operations, changes in shareholders’ equity, and cash flows for the years then ended, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the years then ended, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

Basis for opinion

These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.

Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Critical audit matters

Critical audit matters are matters arising from the current period audit of the financial statements that were communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relate to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. We determined that there are no critical audit matters.

/s/ GRANT THORNTON LLP

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2017.

Fort Lauderdale, Florida

February 27, 2025

F-2

RED VIOLET, INC.

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(Amounts in thousands, except share data)

ASSETS:

Current assets:

Prepaid expenses and other current assets 1,627 1,113

Property and equipment, net 545 592

LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY:

Current liabilities:

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities 2,881 1,989

Current portion of operating lease liabilities 406 569

Dividend payable 4,181 -

Noncurrent operating lease liabilities 1,592 1,999

Shareholders' equity:

Total liabilities and shareholders' equity $ 98,531 $ 92,990

See notes to consolidated financial statements

F-3

RED VIOLET, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(Amounts in thousands, except share data)

Year Ended December 31,

Costs and expenses:

Cost of revenue (exclusive of depreciation and amortization) 13,997 13,069

Depreciation and amortization 9,562 8,352

Income tax expense (benefit) 2,317 (9,691 )

Earnings per share:

Weighted average shares outstanding:

See notes to consolidated financial statements

F-4

RED VIOLET, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(Amounts in thousands, except share data)

Common stock Treasury stock Additional paid-in Accumulated

Shares Amount Shares Amount capital deficit Total

Vesting of restricted stock units 309,416 - - - - - -

Share-based compensation - - - - 7,237 - 7,237

Vesting of restricted stock units 395,690 - - - - - -

Share-based compensation - - - - 7,575 - 7,575

Dividend declared on common stock, $0.30 per share - - - - (4,181 ) - (4,181 )

See notes to consolidated financial statements

F-5

RED VIOLET, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(Amounts in thousands)

Year Ended December 31,

CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:

Depreciation and amortization 9,562 8,352

Share-based compensation expense 5,948 5,386

Write-off of long-lived assets 85 6

Deferred income tax expense (benefit) 2,018 (9,801 )

Changes in assets and liabilities:

Prepaid expenses and other current assets (514 ) (342 )

Other noncurrent assets (656 ) 84

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities 936 100

Deferred revenue 22 20

Operating lease liabilities (570 ) (641 )

Net cash provided by operating activities 23,960 15,071

CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:

Purchase of property and equipment (169 ) (122 )

Capitalized costs included in intangible assets (9,398 ) (9,024 )

Net cash used in investing activities (9,567 ) (9,146 )

CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:

Repurchases of common stock (5,853 ) (3,711 )

Net cash used in financing activities (9,921 ) (5,703 )

Net increase in cash and cash equivalents $ 4,472 $ 222

Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period 32,032 31,810

Cash and cash equivalents at end of period $ 36,504 $ 32,032

SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE INFORMATION:

Cash paid for interest $ - $ -

Cash paid for income taxes $ 607 $ 82

Share-based compensation capitalized in intangible assets $ 1,627 $ 1,851

Dividend declared not yet paid $ 4,181 $ -

See notes to consolidated financial statements

F-6

RED VIOLET, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Amounts in thousands, except share data)

1. Principal activities

Red Violet, Inc. (“red violet,” or the “Company”), a Delaware corporation, is an analytics and information solutions company building proprietary technologies and applying analytical capabilities to deliver identity intelligence. The Company’s technology powers critical solutions, which empower organizations to operate with confidence. The Company’s solutions enable the real-time identification and location of people, businesses, assets, and their interrelationships. These solutions are used for purposes including identity verification, risk mitigation, due diligence, fraud detection and prevention, regulatory compliance, and customer acquisition. The Company’s AI/ML-driven identity intelligence platform, CORETM, is purpose-built for the enterprise, yet flexible enough for organizations of all sizes, bringing clarity to massive datasets by transforming data into intelligence. The Company drives workflow efficiency and enables organizations to make better data-driven decisions.

Leveraging cloud-native proprietary technology and applying machine learning and advanced analytical capabilities, CORE provides essential solutions to public and private sector organizations through intuitive, easy-to-use analytical interfaces. With massive data assets consisting of public record, proprietary, and publicly-available data, the Company’s differentiated information and innovative platform and solutions deliver identity intelligence – entities, relationships, affiliations, interactions, and events. The Company’s solutions are used today to enable frictionless commerce, to ensure safety, and to reduce fraud and the concomitant expense borne by society.

2. Summary of significant accounting policies

(a) Basis of preparation and liquidity

The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared by red violet in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“US GAAP”).

The Company reported net income of $7,003 and $13,529(inclusive of a one-time deferred income tax benefit of $10,272 in 2023 as a result of the release of valuation allowance previously recorded against our deferred tax assets and the cumulative research and development tax credit) for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Net cash provided by operating activities was $23,960 and $15,071 for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. As of December 31, 2024, the Company had an accumulated deficit of $870.

As of December 31, 2024, the Company had available cash and cash equivalents of $36,504, an increase of $4,472 from $32,032 as of December 31, 2023. Based on this available cash and cash equivalents, and the projections of growth in revenue and operating results in the coming year, the Company believes that it will have sufficient cash resources to finance its operations and expected capital expenditures for the next twelve months from the date the financials are issued.

Principles of consolidation

The consolidated financial statements include the financial statements of the Company and its subsidiaries. All significant transactions among the Company and its subsidiaries have been eliminated upon consolidation.

(b) Use of estimates

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in accordance with US GAAP requires red violet’s management to make estimates and assumptions relating to the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting periods. Significant items subject to such estimates and assumptions include the revenue recognition, allowance for doubtful accounts, useful lives of intangible assets, recoverability of the carrying amount of goodwill and intangible assets, share-based compensation, and income tax provision. These estimates are often based on complex judgments and assumptions that management believes to be reasonable but are inherently uncertain and unpredictable. Actual results could differ from these estimates.

Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash on hand and bank deposits with original maturities of three months or less, which are unrestricted as to withdrawal and use.

F-7

The Company’s cash and bank deposits were held in major financial institutions located in the United States, which management believes have high credit ratings. The cash and bank deposits held in the United States, denominated in USD, amounted to $36,504 and $32,032 as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Financial instruments and related items, which potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk, consist principally of cash investments. The Company places its temporary cash instruments with well-known financial institutions within the United States, and, at times, may maintain balances in United States banks in excess of the $250 US Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation insurance limit. The Company monitors the credit ratings of the financial institutions to mitigate this risk.

(d) Accounts receivable

Accounts receivable are due from customers and are generally unsecured, which consist of amounts earned but not yet collected. None of the Company’s accounts receivable bear interest. In some arrangements, a right to consideration for the Company's performance under the customer contract may occur before invoicing to the customer, resulting in an unbilled accounts receivable. As of December 31, 2024, the current and noncurrent portion unbilled accounts receivable of $937 and $1,080, respectively, were included within accounts receivable and other noncurrent assets, respectively, on the consolidated balance sheets. As of December 31, 2023, the current and noncurrent portion unbilled accounts receivable of $829 and $371, respectively, were included within accounts receivable and other noncurrent assets, respectively, on the consolidated balance sheets.

The allowance for doubtful accounts is management’s best estimate of the amount of probable credit losses in the Company’s existing accounts receivable. Management determines the allowance based on reviews of various factors, including historical experience, the age of the accounts receivable balance, customer-specific facts, economic conditions, and other factors that may affect the Company's ability to collect from customers. Account balances are charged off against the allowance after all means of collection have been exhausted and the potential for recovery is considered remote. The Company does not have any off-balance-sheet credit exposure related to its customers. The amount of the allowance for doubtful accounts was $188 and $159 as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, which was included within accounts receivable, net, on the consolidated balance sheets.

(e) Property and equipment

Property and equipment are stated at cost, net of accumulated depreciation or amortization. Expenditures for maintenance, repairs, and minor renewals are charged to expense in the period incurred. Betterments and additions are capitalized. Property and equipment are depreciated on the straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of the assets. Leasehold improvements are depreciated over the shorter of their estimated useful lives or lease terms that are reasonably assured. The estimated useful lives of property and equipment are as follows:

Computer and network equipment 5-7 years

Furniture, fixtures and office equipment 5 years

Leasehold improvements 7 years

When items of property and equipment are retired or otherwise disposed of, loss/income is charged or credited for the difference between the net book value and proceeds received thereon.

(f) Intangible assets other than goodwill

The Company’s intangible assets are initially recorded at the capitalized actual costs incurred, their acquisition cost, or fair value if acquired as part of a business combination, and amortized on a straight-line basis over their respective estimated useful lives, which are the periods over which the assets are expected to contribute directly or indirectly to the future cash flows of the Company. The Company’s intangible assets represent software developed for internal use. Intangible assets have estimated useful lives of 5-10 years.

In accordance with Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") 350-40, “Software — Internal use software,” the Company capitalizes eligible costs, including personnel-related expenses, share-based compensation, and travel expenses incurred by relevant employees, and other relevant costs of developing internal-use software that are incurred in the application development stage when developing or obtaining software for internal use. Once the software developed for internal use is ready for its intended use, it is amortized on a straight-line basis over its useful life.

(g) Goodwill

Goodwill represents the cost in excess of the fair value of the net assets acquired in a business combination. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the balance of goodwill of $5,227 was as a result of the acquisition of Interactive Data, LLC (“Interactive Data”), a wholly-owned subsidiary of red violet, effective on October 2, 2014.

F-8

In accordance with ASC 350, “Intangibles - Goodwill and Other,” goodwill is tested at least annually for impairment, or when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of such assets may not be recoverable, by assessing qualitative factors or performing a quantitative analysis in determining whether it is more likely than not that its fair value exceeds the carrying value. A quantitative step one assessment involves determining the fair value of each reporting unit using market participant assumptions. Should an impairment exist, the Company would recognize an impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying amount of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value up to the amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. The Company has assessed that it has one operating segment and one reporting unit, and the consolidated net assets, including existing goodwill and other intangible assets, are considered to be the carrying value of the reporting unit.

The measurement date of the Company’s annual goodwill impairment test is October 1. On October 1, 2024 and 2023, the Company performed qualitative assessments on the reporting unit and, based on this assessment, no events have occurred to indicate that it is more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carry amount. The Company did not record a goodwill impairment loss during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, and as of December 31, 2024, there was no accumulated goodwill impairment loss.

For purposes of reviewing impairment and the recoverability of goodwill, the Company must make various assumptions regarding estimated future cash flows and other factors in determining the fair values, including market multiples, discount rates, etc.

(h) Impairment of long-lived assets

The Company did not record an impairment loss of long-lived assets during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023.

(i) Fair value of financial instruments

ASC 820, “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures,” establishes a three-tier fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value. The hierarchy prioritizes the inputs into three levels based on the extent to which inputs used in measuring fair value are observable in the market.

These tiers include:

•

Level 1 – defined as observable inputs such as quoted prices in active markets;

•

Level 2 – defined as inputs other than quoted prices in active markets that are either directly or indirectly observable; and

•

Level 3 – defined as unobservable inputs in which little or no market data exists, therefore requiring an entity to develop its own assumptions.

The fair value of the Company’s cash and cash equivalents, receivables, and payables approximate their carrying amount because of the short-term nature of these instruments. The fair value of the noncurrent portion of unbilled accounts receivable included in other noncurrent assets approximates its carrying amount.

F-9

(j) Revenue recognition

The Company recognized revenue in accordance with ASC 606, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers” (“Topic 606”). Under this standard, revenue is recognized when control of goods or services is transferred to the Company’s customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services. The Company’s performance obligation is to provide on demand information and identity intelligence solutions to its customers by leveraging its proprietary technology and applying machine learning and advanced analytics to its massive data repository. The pricing for the customer contracts is based on usage, a monthly fee, or a combination of both.

Revenue is generally recognized on (a) a transactional basis determined by the customers’ usage, (b) a monthly fee, or (c) a combination of both. Revenue pursuant to transactions determined by the customers’ usage is recognized when the transaction is complete, and either party may terminate the transactional agreement at any time. Revenue pursuant to contracts containing a monthly fee is considered to be a single performance obligation consisting of a series of distinct services, and is recognized ratably over the contract period, which is generally 12 months, and the contract shall automatically renew for additional, successive 12-month terms unless written notice of intent not to renew is provided by one party to the other at least 30 days or 60 days prior to the expiration of the then current term. Variable fees are allocated to each distinct month in the series for which they are earned. The Company’s revenue is recorded net of applicable sales taxes billed to customers.

Available within Topic 606, the Company has applied the portfolio approach practical expedient in accounting for customer revenue as one collective group, rather than individual contracts. Based on the Company’s historical knowledge of the contracts contained in this portfolio and the similar nature and characteristics of the customers, the Company has concluded the financial statement effects are not materially different than if accounting for revenue on a contract by contract basis.

Revenue is recognized over a period of time. The Company’s customers simultaneously receive and consume the benefits provided by the Company’s performance as and when provided. Furthermore, the Company has elected the “right to invoice” practical expedient, available within Topic 606, as its measure of progress, since it has a right to payment from a customer in an amount that corresponds directly with the value of its performance completed-to-date. In some arrangements, a right to consideration for the Company's performance under the customer contract may occur before invoicing to the customer. The Company's revenue arrangements do not contain significant financing components.

If a customer pays consideration before the Company transfers services to the customer, those amounts are classified as deferred revenue. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the balance of deferred revenue was $712 and $690, respectively, all of which is expected to be realized in the next 12 months. In relation to the deferred revenue balance as of December 31, 2023, $690 was recognized into revenue during the year ended December 31, 2024.

As of December 31, 2024, $22,250 of revenue is expected to be recognized in the future for performance obligations that are unsatisfied or partially unsatisfied, related to pricing contracts that have a term of more than 12 months, of which $11,260 of revenue will be recognized in 2025, $6,494 in 2026, $3,832 in 2027, $604 in 2028, and $60 in 2029. The actual timing of recognition may vary due to factors outside of the Company’s control. The Company excludes variable consideration related entirely to wholly unsatisfied performance obligations and contracts and recognizes such variable consideration based upon the right to invoice the customer.

Sales commissions are incurred and recorded on an ongoing basis over the term of the customer relationship. These costs are recorded in sales and marketing expenses.

In addition, the Company elected the practical expedient to not disclose the value of unsatisfied performance obligations for (i) contracts with an original expected length of one year or less and (ii) contracts for which the Company recognizes revenue at the amount to which it has the right to invoice for services performed.

(k) Cost of revenue (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)

The Company’s cost of revenue primarily includes data acquisition costs and other cost of revenue. Data acquisition costs consist primarily of the costs to acquire data either on a transactional basis or through flat-fee data licensing agreements, including unlimited usage agreements. Data acquisition costs are recognized based on a straight-line amortization method. Other cost of revenue includes expenses related to third-party infrastructure fees.

F-10

(l) Advertising and promotion costs

Advertising and promotion costs are charged to operations as incurred. Advertising and promotion costs, included in sales and marketing expenses amounted to $761 and $541 for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

(m) Share-based compensation

The Company accounts for share-based compensation to employees in accordance with ASC 718, “Compensation—Stock Compensation.” Under ASC 718, the Company measures the cost of employee services received in exchange for an award of equity instruments based on the grant-date fair value of the award and, for those awards subject only to service conditions, the Company recognizes the costs on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period for the entire award the employee is required to provide service in exchange for the award, which generally is the vesting period. For awards with performance and service conditions, we begin recording share-based compensation when achieving the performance criteria is probable and we recognize the costs using the accelerated attribution method. The Company accounts for forfeitures as they occur.

The Company has issued share-based awards with performance-based vesting criteria. Achievement of the milestones must be probable before the Company begins recording share-based compensation expense. When the performance-based vesting criteria is considered probable, the Company begins to recognize compensation expense at that time. In the period that achievement of the performance-based criteria is deemed probable, US GAAP requires the immediate recognition of all previously unrecognized compensation since the original grant date. As a result, compensation expense recorded in the period that achievement is deemed probable could include a substantial amount of previously unrecorded compensation expense related to the prior periods. For any share-based awards where performance-based vesting criteria is no longer considered probable, previously recognized compensation cost would be reversed. As of December 31, 2024, no amortization of share-based compensation expense has been recognized for 95,000 RSUs subject to Criteria Four, as defined in Note 10.

(n) Income taxes

The Company accounts for income taxes in accordance with ASC 740, “Income Taxes,” which requires the use of the asset and liability method of accounting for income taxes. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases and operating loss and tax credit carry forwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled.

The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates or laws is recognized in income in the period that the change in tax rates or laws is enacted. A valuation allowance is provided to reduce the amount of deferred tax assets if it is considered more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. Prior to the third quarter of 2023, primarily due to cumulative pre-tax losses, management determined a full valuation allowance was necessary to reduce the deferred tax assets to the amount that is more likely than not to be realized. Since the third quarter of 2023, the Company released the valuation allowance previously recorded on its deferred tax assets. The Company concluded that, due to its established historical cumulative positive income before income taxes plus permanent differences for the recent years, projections of future taxable income, and the reversal of taxable temporary differences, the realization of deferred tax assets as of December 31, 2024 was more likely than not.

(o) Earnings per share

Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing net income by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the periods. Diluted earnings per share reflects the potential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue common stock were exercised or converted into common stock and is calculated using the treasury stock method for stock options and unvested shares. Common equivalent shares are excluded from the calculation in the loss periods as their effects would be anti-dilutive.

F-11

(p) Contingencies

In the ordinary course of business, the Company is subject to loss contingencies that cover a wide range of matters. An estimated loss from a loss contingency such as a legal proceeding or claim is accrued if it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. In determining whether a loss should be accrued, the Company evaluates, among other factors, the degree of probability and the ability to make a reasonable estimate of the amount of loss.

(q) Significant concentrations and risks

Concentration of credit risk

Assets that potentially subject the Company to significant concentration of credit risk primarily consist of cash and cash equivalents, and accounts receivable. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, all of the Company’s cash and cash equivalents were deposited in financial institutions located in the United States, which management believes are of high credit quality. Accounts receivable are typically unsecured and are derived from revenue earned from customers. The risk with respect to accounts receivable is mitigated by credit evaluations the Company performs on its customers and its ongoing monitoring process of outstanding balances.

Concentration of customers

For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, no individual customer accounted for more than 10% of the total revenue.

No individual customer accounted for more than 10% of the Company’s accounts receivable, net, as of December 31, 2024, and one individual customer accounted for 11% of the Company’s accounts receivable, net, as of December 31, 2023.

Concentration of suppliers

The Company’s products and services depend extensively upon continued access to and receipt of data from external sources, including data received from the major credit bureaus, including the Company’s largest data supplier. The Company’s other data suppliers include strategic partners, as well as various government and public records databases. The Company’s largest data supplier, with whom the Company has expanded its relationship while securing what it believes to be favorable business terms over the years, accounted for 45% and 48% of the Company’s total data acquisition costs for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The amended and renewed term of the agreement with this supplier ends June 30, 2026. The Company may elect to extend the term for an additional twelve months upon written notice to this supplier at least 30 days prior to the end of the amended and renewed term. During the term of the agreement, either party has the right to terminate the agreement: (i) in the event of the other party’s failure to cure a material breach, and (ii) in the event of the other party’s insolvency. In addition, this supplier may terminate this agreement by providing not less than 12 months’ advance written notice to the Company and the Company may terminate this agreement by providing not less than 24 months’ advance written notice to this supplier. As of December 31, 2024, the remaining minimum purchase commitments through the end of the amended and renewed term is $8.1 million. If the Company is unable to maintain its relationship with its largest data supplier, its ability to provide products and services could be negatively impacted, as it would need to secure comparable data on similar terms, which would require significant time, expense, and resources, and may in the short-term adversely affect its reputation, business, financial condition and results of operations and, if it is unable to establish a similar relationship with other data suppliers over time, could have a long-term material impact on its business and financial condition.

As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, among data suppliers, one data supplier accounted for 37% and 27% of the Company’s total accounts payable, respectively.

(r) Recently issued accounting standards

In November 2023, the Financial Accounting Standard Board (the “FASB”) issued Accounting Standard Updates (“ASU”) No. 2023-07, "Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures ("ASU 2023-07")," which requires a public entity to disclose significant segment expenses that are regularly provided to the chief operating decision maker ("CODM"), a description of other segment items by reportable segment, and an explanation of any additional measures the CODM uses in deciding how to allocate resources, and extend nearly all annual segment reporting requirements to quarterly reporting requirements. In addition, entities with a single reportable segment must now provide all segment disclosures required in ASC 280, including the new disclosures for reportable segments under the amendments in ASU 2023-07. The new guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023 and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. The Company has assessed the impact of this guidance and concluded that it would not have a material impact on its consolidated financial statement and disclosure requirements. The Company has adopted this guidance as of December 31, 2024 on a retrospective basis, as presented in Note 12.

F-12

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-09, "Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures (ASU 2023-09)," which improves the transparency of income tax disclosures by requiring consistent categories and greater disaggregation of information in the effective tax rate reconciliation and income taxes paid disaggregated by jurisdiction. It also includes certain other amendments to improve the effectiveness of income tax disclosures. This guidance will be effective for the annual periods beginning after December 31, 2024. Early adoption is permitted. Upon adoption, the guidance can be applied prospectively or retrospectively. The Company is currently evaluating the guidance to determine its impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

3. Earnings per share

For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, the basic and diluted earnings per share was as follows:

Year Ended December 31,

(In thousands, except share data) 2024 2023

Numerator:

Denominator:

Weighted average shares outstanding:

Earnings per share:

(1)

For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, diluted weighted average shares outstanding are calculated by the inclusion of unvested restricted stock units ("RSUs").

4. Accounts receivable, net

Accounts receivable, net consists of the following:

Less: Allowance for doubtful accounts (188 ) (159 )

Total accounts receivable, net $ 8,061 $ 7,135

The movement of allowance for doubtful accounts is shown below:

Year Ended December 31,

Beginning balance $ 159 $ 60

5. Property and equipment, net

Property and equipment, net consists of the following:

Computer and network equipment $ 1,263 $ 1,127

Furniture, fixtures and office equipment 814 787

Leasehold improvements 53 53

Less: Accumulated depreciation (1,585 ) (1,375 )

Property and equipment, net $ 545 $ 592

Depreciation of property and equipment of $213 and $233 was recorded for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

F-13

6. Intangible assets, net

Intangible assets other than goodwill consist of the following:

The gross amount associated with software developed for internal use represents capitalized costs of internally-developed software, including eligible personnel-related expenses, share-based compensation, and travel expenses incurred by relevant employees, and other relevant costs.

Amortization expenses of $9,349 and $8,119 were included in depreciation and amortization expense for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. As of December 31, 2024, intangible assets of $6,284, included in the gross amounts of software developed for internal use, have not started amortization, as they are not ready for their intended use.

The Company capitalized costs of software developed for internal use of $11,025 and $10,875 during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

As of December 31, 2024, estimated amortization expenses related to the Company’s intangible assets for 2025 through 2030 and thereafter are as follows:

(In thousands)

7. Accrued expenses and other current liabilities

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities consist of the following:

Accrued personnel-related expenses $ 2,534 $ 1,685

Accrued data acquisition costs 131 131

Sales tax payable 93 50

Income tax payable - 16

F-14

8. Income taxes

The Company is subject to federal and state income taxes in the United States. The income taxes on income before income taxes consisted of the following:

Year Ended December 31,

Current

Deferred

Valuation allowance - (8,033 )

Income tax expense (benefit) $ 2,317 $ (9,691 )

The Company’s effective income tax expense (benefit) differed from the U.S. corporate statutory income tax rate for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023. A reconciliation is as follows:

Year Ended December 31,

Tax on income before income taxes $ 1,957 21 % $ 806 21 %

Effect of state taxes (net of federal income tax effect) 529 6 % 515 13 %

Research and development tax credits (479 ) -5 % (3,213 ) -84 %

Excess tax benefit from share-based compensation (573 ) -6 % 135 4 %

Nondeductible executive compensation 834 9 % 300 8 %

Other permanent differences 25 0 % (115 ) -4 %

State rate change 24 0 % (86 ) -2 %

Changes in valuation allowance - 0 % (8,033 ) -209 %

Components of deferred tax assets and liabilities consist of the following:

Deferred tax assets:

Net operating loss carryforwards $ 6,573 $ 8,786

Research and development tax credits 3,329 3,165

Share-based compensation 759 941

Accounts receivable 49 41

Operating lease liabilities 520 661

Deferred revenue and others 186 177

Deferred tax liabilities:

As of December 31, 2024, the Company had gross federal and state net operating loss carryforwards of $27,043 and $18,820, respectively. Federal net operating losses have an indefinite life and do not expire. Certain state net operating losses of approximate $6,235 expire beginning in 2029 and the remaining could be carried forward indefinitely. As of December 31, 2024, the Company has $3,329 of research and development tax credits which begin to expire in 2040. The Company’s federal and state net operating losses, and research and development tax credits, are not subject to annual Section 382 limitations due to ownership changes that could impact the future realization.

F-15

ASC 740 requires a valuation allowance to reduce the deferred tax assets reported if, based on the weight of the evidence, it is more likely than not that some or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. On a periodic basis, management evaluates and determines the amount of valuation allowance required and adjusts such valuation allowance accordingly. Prior to the third quarter of 2023, primarily due to cumulative pre-tax losses, management determined a full valuation allowance was necessary to reduce the deferred tax assets to the amount that is more likely than not to be realized. Since the third quarter of 2023, the Company released the valuation allowance previously recorded on its deferred tax assets. The Company concluded that, due to its established historical cumulative positive income before income taxes plus permanent differences for the recent years, projections of future taxable income, and the reversal of taxable temporary differences, the realization of deferred tax assets as of December 31, 2024 was more likely than not.

The Company assesses its income tax positions and records tax benefits for all years subject to examination based upon its evaluation of the facts, circumstances and information available at the reporting date. For those tax positions where it is more-likely-than-not that a tax benefit will be sustained, the Company has recorded the largest amount of tax benefit with a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement with a taxing authority that has full knowledge of all relevant information. For those income tax positions where it is not more-likely-than-not that a tax benefit will be sustained, no tax benefit has been recognized in the Company’s financial statements.

The Company continually evaluates expiring statutes of limitations, audits, proposed settlements, changes in tax law, and new authoritative rulings. Due to the existence of net operating loss carryforwards since inception, all of the Company’s income tax filings remain open for tax examinations.

The Company does not have any unrecognized tax benefits as of December 31, 2024 and 2023.

9. Shareholders' equity

Common stock and treasury stock

As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the number of authorized shares of common stock was 200,000,000, with a par value of $0.001 per share, of which, 13,936,329 and 13,980,274 shares of common stock were issued, respectively, which included shares of treasury stock of 0 and 9,428, respectively.

During the year ended December 31, 2023, the changes in the number of issued shares of common stock and treasury stock was due to the following factors:

•

An aggregate of 309,416 shares of common stock were issued as a result of the vesting of RSUs, of which, 99,234 shares of common stock were withheld to pay withholding taxes upon such vesting, which were reflected in treasury stock, with a cost of $1,992. The treasury stock of 99,234 shares was then retired during the year ended December 31, 2023.

•

On May 2, 2022, the Board of Directors of the Company authorized the repurchase of up to $5.0 million of the Company's common stock from time to time, and subsequently on December 19, 2023 and March 28, 2024, the Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of an additional $5.0 million each, bringing the total authorization to $15.0 million (the "Stock Repurchase Program"). The Stock Repurchase Program does not obligate the Company to repurchase any shares and may be modified, suspended, or terminated at any time and for any reason at the discretion of the Board of Directors. During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company repurchased 195,740 shares of common stock under the Stock Repurchase Program, which was reflected in treasury stock, with a cost of $3,755. Related treasury stock of 186,312 shares, with a cost of $3,567, was retired during the year ended December 31, 2023, which resulted in a treasury stock balance of $188 as of December 31, 2023. Among the total 195,740 shares of common stock repurchased, there were 49,600 shares of common stock repurchased by the Company on November 15, 2023 from Nantahala Capital Management, LLC, a greater than 5% stockholder of the Company, at a price of $20.00 per share.

During the year ended December 31, 2024, the changes in the number of issued shares of common stock and treasury stock was due to the following factors:

•

An aggregate of 395,690 shares of common stock were issued as a result of the vesting of RSUs, of which, 137,463 shares of common stock were withheld to pay withholding taxes upon such vesting, which were reflected in treasury stock, with a cost of $4,068. Related treasury stock of 137,463 shares was then retired during the year ended December 31, 2024.

F-16

•

During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company repurchased 292,744 shares of common stock under the Stock Repurchase Program, which was reflected in treasury stock, with a cost of $5,809. Related treasury stock of 302,172 shares, with a cost of $5,997, was retired during the year ended December 31, 2024, resulting in no treasury stock balance as of December 31, 2024. Among the total 292,744 shares of common stock repurchased, there were 200,000 shares of common stock repurchase by the Company from the Greater Miami Jewish Federation, Inc., a greater than 5% stockholder of the Company, at a price of $20.50 per share.

Preferred stock

As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company had 10,000,000 shares of preferred stock with par value of $0.001 per share authorized, and there were no shares of preferred stock issued or outstanding.

Dividend

On December 3, 2024 (the "Declaration Date"), the Company declared a special cash dividend on its common stock of $0.30 per share (the “Special Cash Dividend”), payable on or about February 14, 2025, to shareholders of record as of January 31, 2025. The aggregate amount of payment to be made in connection with the Special Cash Dividend will be approximately $4.2 million. Due to the existence of accumulated deficit as of the Declaration Date, the dividend was charged to additional paid-in capital, on the consolidated balance sheet.

10. Share-based compensation

On March 22, 2018, the Board of Directors of the Company and Cogint, Inc. (“cogint”) (now known as Fluent, Inc.), in its capacity as sole stockholder of the Company prior to the Company’s spin-off from cogint on March 26, 2018 (the “Spin-off”), approved the Red Violet, Inc. 2018 Stock Incentive Plan (the “2018 Plan”), which became effective immediately prior to the Spin-off. A total of 3,000,000 shares of common stock were authorized to be issued under the 2018 Plan. On June 3, 2020, the Company’s stockholders approved an amendment to the 2018 Plan to increase the number of shares of common stock authorized for issuance under the 2018 Plan from 3,000,000 shares to 4,500,000 shares, and on May 25, 2022, the Company's stockholders approved an amendment to the 2018 Plan to increase the number of shares of common stock authorized for issuance under the 2018 Plan from 4,500,000 shares to 6,500,000 shares.

The primary purpose of the 2018 Plan, as amended, is to attract, retain, reward and motivate certain individuals by providing them with an opportunity to acquire or increase a proprietary interest in the Company and to incentivize them to expend maximum effort for the growth and success of the Company, so as to strengthen the mutuality of the interests between such individuals and the stockholders of the Company.

As of December 31, 2024, there were 1,724,265 shares of common stock available for future issuance under the 2018 Plan, as amended.

RDVT US Equity

RDVT · 10-K · period ended 2024-12-31

Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.

Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.

Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure.

Item 9A. Controls and Procedures.

Item 9B. Other Information.

Item 9C. Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections.

Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance.

Item 11. Executive Compensation.

Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters.

Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence.

Item 14. Principal Accountant Fees and Services.

Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules.

Item 16. Form 10-K Summary.

RDVT US Equity☆

RDVT · 10-K · period ended 2024-12-31

Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.

Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.

Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure.

Item 9A. Controls and Procedures.

Item 9B. Other Information.

Item 9C. Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections.

Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance.

Item 11. Executive Compensation.

Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters.

Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence.

Item 14. Principal Accountant Fees and Services.

Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules.

Item 16. Form 10-K Summary.

RDVT US Equity