Reading International Inc RDI US Equity☆

Item 1A – Risk Factors

Like any other investment, investing in our securities involves risk. Set forth below is a summary of various risk factors that you should consider in connection with your investment in our Company. This summary should be considered in the context of our overall Annual Report on Form 10-K.

BUSINESS RISK FACTORS

We are in the cinema exhibition and real estate businesses. We discuss separately the risks we believe to be material to our involvement in each of these segments. We have discussed separately the risks relating to the international nature of our business activities, our use of leverage, and our status as a controlled corporation. While we report the results of our live theatre operations as real estate operations – because we are principally in the business of renting space to producers rather than in producing plays ourselves – the cinema exhibition and live theatre businesses share certain risk factors and are, accordingly, discussed together.

Cinema Exhibition and Live Theatre Business Risk Factors

Our cinema and live theatre businesses are dependent upon attendance, the availability of attractive entertainment product and employees willing to work in a public environment and, accordingly, are vulnerable to the adverse effects of any future pandemics which may result in government ordered closures, imposition of social distancing requirements, and changes in film release patterns. As demonstrated by the governmental and public response to the COVID-19 pandemic, businesses that bring large numbers of unrelated people together in an enclosed environment are particularly vulnerable to business disruption in the face of contagious diseases with life threatening potential. Not only may government authorities order closures or reduce operating capacities, but the public may feel uncomfortable attending our performances in the face of such an infectious disease risk. Our cinema business has high fixed costs (rent and increasing labor) and our revenue in this segment (ticket sales, food and beverage sales, screen advertising fees) is directly tied to our success at attracting customers to our venues.

We are dependent upon third parties to supply the entertainment product we need for our cinemas and live theatres to attract customers. We do not produce the films we show at our cinemas and, generally speaking, we do not produce the plays that are performed at our live theatres. Film distributors have no obligation to supply us with film and producers have no obligation to make use of our live theatres. Any disruption in the production of these films (including by reason of a strike) could hurt our business and results of operations. The Hollywood Strikes in 2023 halted production of films for several months, and are expected to delay or otherwise affect the supply of certain films. The disruption in film production may also cause delays for currently scheduled film release dates. It is difficult to anticipate the scope and timing of such delays. It is difficult to predict the full extent of the adverse impact of the strikes on our business and results of operations in future reporting periods.

We face competition from other sources of entertainment and other entertainment delivery systems. Both our cinema and live theatre operations face competition from “in-home” and mobile device sources of entertainment. These include competition from network, cable and satellite television, and Video on Demand, internet streaming video services such as Netflix, Hulu, Disney+, HBO Max, Peacock, and Amazon Prime, and social media or user generated internet programing such as, YouTube, TikTok, Reddit, Instagram, and Snapchat, video games and other sources of entertainment. The quality of “in-home” and mobile entertainment systems, as well as programming available on an in-home and mobile basis, has increased, while the cost to consumers of such systems (and such programming) has decreased in recent periods, and some consumers may prefer the security and/or convenience of an “in-home” or mobile entertainment experience to the more public and presentation-oriented experience offered by our cinemas and live theatres. Film distributors have been responding to these developments by, in some cases, decreasing or eliminating the period of time between cinema release and the date such products is made available to “in-home” or mobile forms of distribution. During the COVID-19 pandemic, many distributors moved product onto their proprietary streaming service platforms or onto third party platforms (like Netflix) either in lieu of or simultaneously with a cinema release. Even before the recent pandemic, some traditional in-home and mobile distributors had begun to produce full-length movies, specifically for the purpose of direct or simultaneous release to the in-home and mobile markets. Cinemas will need to meet these competitive factors to continue to attract customers. This may require substantial capital outlays and increased labor expense, which exhibitors may not be able to fully pass on to their customers.

We also face competition from various other forms of “beyond-the-home” entertainment, including sporting events, concerts, restaurants, casinos, video game arcades, and nightclubs. Our cinemas also face competition from live theatres and vice versa.

Supply chain disruptions may negatively impact our operating results. We rely on certain suppliers for a number of our products, supplies and services. Shortages, delays, or interruptions in the availability of food and beverage items and other supplies to our theatres and restaurants may be caused by adverse weather conditions; natural disasters; governmental regulation; recalls; commodity availability; seasonality; public health crises or pandemics; labor issues or other operational disruptions; the inability of our suppliers to manage adverse business conditions, obtain credit or remain solvent; or other conditions beyond our control. Such shortages, delays or interruptions could adversely affect the availability, quality, and cost of the items we buy and the operations of our business. Supply chain risk could increase our costs and limit the availability of products that are critical to our operations. We expect these issues to

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continue for the foreseeable future and plan to minimize the impact by focusing on the supply of those items with the greatest impact on our sales and operations.

We operate in a highly competitive environment with many competitors who are significantly larger and may have significantly better access to films and to funds than we do. We are a comparatively small cinema operator and face competition from much larger exhibitors who are able to offer distributors more screens in more markets – including markets where they may be the exclusive exhibitor – than can we. This may adversely impact our access to films, which may adversely affect our revenue and profitability. These larger competitors may also enjoy (i) greater cash flow, which can be used to develop additional cinemas, including cinemas that may be competitive with our existing cinemas, (ii) better access to equity capital and debt, (iii) better visibility to landlords and real estate developers, (iv) for the sake of building volume, to operate cinemas with margins below our threshold for cinema acquisitions and/or development, and (v) better economies of scale. Access to reasonably priced funding is increasingly important as cinema operators need to upgrade their presentation and food and beverage in order to compete with in-home entertainment options.

In the case of our live theatres, we compete for shows not only with other “for-profit” Off-Broadway theatres, but also with “not-for-profit” operators and, increasingly, with Broadway theatres. We believe our live theatres are generally competitive with other Off-Broadway venues. However, due to the increased cost of staging live theatre productions, we are seeing an increasing tendency for plays that would historically have been staged in an Off-Broadway theatre moving directly to larger Broadway venues.

We are vulnerable to a variety of factors which are beyond our control.

Our cinema and live theatre businesses may be vulnerable to fears of terrorism and random shooter incidents which could cause customers to avoid public assembly venues. Events, such as terrorist attacks and random shooter incidents may discourage patrons from attending our cinemas. We believe that recent shooting incidents have resulted in material increases in insurance premiums for cinema operators.

Our cinema business may be vulnerable to natural disasters. Natural disasters, such as tropical storms, floods, fires, and earthquakes, have damaged and forced the temporary closure, and are likely in the future to similarly impact our cinema operations. A material portion of our cinemas are located in seismically active areas, such as California, Hawaii and New Zealand.

We may be more subject to general economic conditions than some other businesses. Going to a movie or a play is a luxury, not a necessity. Furthermore, consumer demand for better amenities and food offerings have resulted in an increase of the cost of a night at the movies. Accordingly, a decline in the economy resulting in a decrease in discretionary income, or a perception of such a decline, may result in decreased discretionary spending, which could adversely affect our cinema and live theatre businesses. Adverse economic conditions can also affect the supply side of our business, as reduced liquidity can adversely affect the availability of funding for movies and plays. This is particularly true in the case of Off-Broadway plays, which are often times financed by high-net-worth individuals (or groups of such individuals) and that are very risky due to the absence of any ability to recoup investment in secondary markets like – cable, satellite or internet distribution.

We face competition from competitors offering food and beverage and luxury seating as an integral part of their cinema offerings. The number of our competitors offering expanded food and beverage menus (including the sale of alcoholic beverages) and luxury seating, has continued to grow in recent periods. In addition, more competitors such as AMC are converting existing cinemas to provide such expanded menu offerings and in-theater dining options. The existence of such cinemas may alter traditional cinema selection practices of moviegoers, as they seek out cinemas with such expanded offerings as a preferred alternative to traditional cinemas. In order to compete with these new cinemas, the Company has been required to materially increase its capital expenditures to add such features to many of our cinemas and to take on additional and more highly trained (and, consequently, compensated) staff. Also, the conversion to luxury seating typically requires a material reduction in the number of seats that an auditorium can accommodate which may translate into fewer movie tickets being sold and the shutdown (or limitation of activities) during the time required to complete such modifications.

Our failure to obtain and maintain liquor licenses at any of our cinemas could adversely affect our ability to compete. Each of our cinemas offering alcoholic beverages, is subject to licensing and regulation. Typically, licenses must be renewed annually and may be revoked or suspended for cause at any time. Alcoholic beverage control regulations relate to numerous aspects of the daily operations of each cinema, including minimum age of patrons and employees, hours of operation, advertising, wholesale purchasing, inventory control and handling and storage and dispensing of alcoholic beverages. The failure to receive or retain a liquor license, or any other required permit or license, in a particular location, or to continue to qualify for, or renew licenses, could have a material adverse effect on our profitability, our ability to attract patrons, and our ability to obtain such a liquor license in other locations.

We may be subject to increased labor and benefits costs generally. We are subject to inflationary pressures which have resulted in increased costs of goods and increased cost of film. Our labor costs more as post COVID-19 worker shortages continue, particularly in the minimum wage sector where we operate. In venues that have alcohol licenses, there are higher labor, inventory, and insurance costs. Our cinemas are a major user of electricity, and utility costs are also rising. Given competitive pressures and other forces

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adversely impacting movie attendances, it may not be possible to pass all or any material portion of these increased costs on to consumers. In addition, we are subject to a variety of changing laws governing such matters as minimum wages, access to benefits and paid or unpaid leave, working conditions and overtime under which minor violations can result in material liabilities. In California and New York, in particular, law firms have developed which advertise for plaintiffs and bring such cases on a class action, contingent fee basis, where typically between 25% and 40% of any recovery goes to the law firm. Moreover, given the statutory basis of such claims, insurance is not available to cover such exposure. In recent periods, legislatures have been actively increasing minimum wages, mandating minimum hours or imposing notice and leave provisions that make it increasingly difficult to adjust staffing levels to accommodate fluctuating cinema attendance levels, all of which have resulted in increased operating costs as we work to maintain a high level of amenity to our customers.

Real Estate Development and Ownership Business Risks

Specific Risks Related to Our Real Estate Business.

Our real estate business suffered effects from the coronavirus outbreak from which it has not fully recovered. The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in the closure or reduced capacity of certain of our retail tenants. All of our ETCs are anchored by our cinemas, which suffered temporary closures and/or reductions in seating capacities during the COVID-19 Pandemic, thereby reducing foot traffic to our ETCs. In some cases, we have been compelled to provide our tenants with rent abatements or deferrals and some tenants continue to be impacted.

Competition from the Digital Economy may adversely impact our ability to lease and obtain reasonable rents for our properties. An increasing amount of shopping is being done online, a trend that has been given momentum by the stay-at-home admonitions and restrictions associated with our previous battle against the COVID virus. This has adversely impacted retail tenants (particularly those dealing in consumer goods), which may impact our ability to attract such retailers and to obtain rents at historic levels. This is a particular risk to us, given our high percentage of retail tenants. Also, initially motivated by the need to work from home during the COVID-19 pandemic, employers are rethinking the scope and extent of the need for their office space. Some markets may have become overbuilt, which may complicate our ability to lease our properties, to obtain reasonable rents, and to finance future development.

Many of our Properties are located in areas prone to natural disasters. Many of our properties are located in areas subject to a risk of fires such as California and Australia; of hurricanes, tropical storms and/or flooding, such as Australia, California, Hawaii and New York, New Jersey; or earthquakes in New Zealand, Hawaii and California. The availability of insurance for natural disasters (particularly earthquake) may be limited.

Our entertainment properties may be more subject to access litigation than other properties. Substantially all our properties consist of, or include as a material component, entertainment venues. These facilities may attract more access-based litigation (for example, claims under the Americans with Disabilities Act) than other types of real estate.

We operate in a highly competitive environment in which we must compete against companies with much greater financial and human resources than we have. We have limited financial and human resources, compared to our principal real estate competitors. In recent periods, we have relied heavily on outside professionals in connection with our real estate development activities. Many of our competitors have significantly greater resources and may be able to achieve greater economies of scale than we can. Given our structure as a taxable corporation, our cost of capital is typically higher than other real estate investment vehicles such as real estate investment trusts.

Risks Related to the Real Estate Industry Generally

Our financial performance will be affected by risks associated with the real estate industry generally. Events and conditions generally applicable to developers, owners, and operators of real property will affect our performance as well. These include (i) changes in the national, regional and local economic climate, (ii) local conditions, such as an oversupply of, or a reduction in demand for, commercial space and/or entertainment-oriented properties, (iii) reduced attractiveness of our properties to tenants, (iv) the rental rates and capitalization rates applicable to the markets in which we operate and the quality of properties that we own, (v) competition from other properties, (vi) inability to collect rent from tenants, (vii) increased operating costs, including labor, materials, real estate taxes, insurance premiums, and utilities, (viii) costs of complying with changes in law and government regulations including those relating to access, energy conservation and environmental matters, (ix) the relative illiquidity of real estate investments, and (x) decreases in sources of both construction and long-term lending as traditional sources of such funding leave or reduce their commitments to real estate-based lending. In addition, periods of rising interest rates or declining demand for real estate (for example, due to competition from internet sellers the demand for brick and mortar retail spaces has declined and may continue to decline, and due to the increasing popularity of tele-commuting demand for traditional office space has likewise declined and may likewise continue to decline), or the public perception that any of these events may occur, could result in declining rents or increased lease defaults. Increasing cap rates can result in lower property values.

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Risk of Reliance on Appraisals. In our business planning and forecasts we rely on independent third-party appraisals as to the value of our real estate holdings. Such appraisals are inherently subjective, and a reasonable appraiser can reach significantly different views as to fair market value of a given parcel of real property. Valuations of historic railroad properties can be impacted by uncertainties as to title and property line boundaries. Accordingly, no assurances can be given that the fair market value assigned to a parcel of real property can be achieved in the open market. Further, USPAP methodology is inherently backwards looking and, as a result, can overstate value in times of declining real estate values and understate value in raising markets.

Illiquidity of real estate investments could impede our ability to respond to adverse changes in the performance of our properties. Real estate investments can be relatively illiquid and, therefore, tend to limit our ability to vary our portfolio promptly in response to changes in economic or other conditions. Many of our properties are either “special purpose” properties that could not be readily converted to general residential, retail or office use. In addition, certain significant expenditures associated with real estate investment, such as real estate taxes and maintenance costs, are generally not reduced when circumstances cause a reduction in income from the investment, and competitive factors may prevent the pass-through of such costs to tenants.

Real estate development involves a variety of risks.

Real estate development involves a variety of risks, including the following:

The identification and acquisition of suitable development properties. Competition for suitable development properties is intense. Our ability to identify and acquire development properties may be limited by our size and resources. Also, as we and our affiliates are considered to be “foreign owned” for purposes of certain Australian and New Zealand statutes, we have been in the past, and may in the future be, subject to regulations that are not applicable to other persons doing business in those countries.

The procurement of necessary land use entitlements for the project. This process can take many years, particularly if opposed by competing interests. Competitors and community groups (sometimes funded by such competitors) may object based on various factors, including, for example, impacts on density, parking, traffic, noise levels and the historic or architectural nature of the building being replaced. If they are unsuccessful at the local governmental level, they may seek recourse to the courts or other tribunals. This can delay projects and increase costs.

The construction of the project on time and on budget. Construction risks include the availability and cost of financing; the availability and costs of material and labor; the costs of dealing with unknown site conditions (including addressing pollution or environmental wastes deposited upon the property by prior owners); inclement weather conditions; and the ever-present potential for labor-related disruptions.

The leasing or sell-out of the project. Ultimately, there are risks involved in the leasing of a rental property or the sale of a condominium or built-for-sale property. For our ETCs, the extent to which our cinemas can continue to serve as anchor tenants will be influenced by the same factors as will influence generally the results of our cinema operations. Leasing or sale can be influenced by economic factors that are neither known nor knowable at the commencement of the development process and by local, national, and even international economic conditions, both real and perceived.

The refinancing of completed properties. Properties are often developed using relatively short-term loans. Upon completion of the project, it may be necessary to find replacement financing for these loans. This process involves risk as to the availability of such permanent or other take-out financing, the interest rates, and the payment terms applicable to such financing, which may be adversely influenced by local, national, or international factors. Recent increases in lending interest rates and potential tightening of lending given the recent bank crisis may make more difficult refinancing debt or obtaining new debt.

The ownership of properties involves risk. The ownership of properties involves risks, such as: (i) ongoing leasing and re-leasing risks, (ii) ongoing financing and re-financing risks, (iii) market risks as to the multiples offered by buyers of investment properties, (iv) risks related to the ongoing compliance with changing governmental regulation (including, without limitation, laws and regulations related to access, energy conservation and environmental matters), (v) relative illiquidity compared to some other types of assets, and (vi) susceptibility of assets to uninsurable risks, such as biological, chemical or nuclear terrorism, or risks that are subject to caps tied to the concentration of such assets in certain geographic areas, such as earthquakes. Furthermore, as our properties are typically developed around an entertainment use, the attractiveness of these properties to tenants, sources of finance and real estate investors will be influenced by market perceptions of the benefits and detriments of such entertainment-type properties.

We may be subject to liability under environmental laws and regulations. We own and operate cinemas and other properties within the U.S. and internationally, which may be subject to various foreign, federal, state and local laws and regulations relating to the protection of the environment or human health. Such environmental laws and regulations include those that impose liability for the investigation and remediation of spills or releases of hazardous materials. We may incur such liability, including for any currently or formerly owned, leased or operated property, or for any site, to which we may have disposed, or arranged for the disposal of, hazardous materials or wastes. Certain of these laws and regulations may impose liability, including on a joint and several liability, which can result in a liable party being obliged to pay for greater than its share, regardless of fault or the legality of the original

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disposal. Environmental conditions relating to our properties or operations could have an adverse effect on our business and results of operations and cash flows.

Legislative or regulatory initiatives related to global warming/climate change concerns may negatively impact our business. Recently, there has been an increasing focus and continuous debate on global climate change including increased attention from regulatory agencies and legislative bodies. This increased focus may lead to new initiatives directed at regulating an as yet unspecified array of environmental matters. Legislative, regulatory or other efforts in the U.S. to combat climate change could result in future increases in the cost of raw materials, taxes, transportation and utilities for our vendors and for us which would result in higher operating costs for the Company. Also, compliance by our cinemas and accompanying real estate with new and revised environmental, zoning, land-use or building codes, laws, rules or regulations, could have a material and adverse effect on our business. However, we are unable to predict at this time, the potential effects, if any, that any future environmental initiatives may have on our business.

Changes in interest rates may increase our interest expense. Because a portion of our debt bears interest at variable rates, increases in interest rates could materially increase our interest expense. While much of our debt is fixed rate, approximately $174.6 million of our current debt will mature over the next twenty-four months and will require refinancing. We anticipate that we will not be able to refinance such maturing debt at current interest rates. Based on our debt outstanding as of December 31, 2023, if interest rates were to increase by 1%, the corresponding increase in interest expense on our variable rate debt would decrease future earnings and cash flows by approximately $1.6 million per year. Potential future increases in interest rates may therefore negatively affect our financial condition and results of operations and reduce our access to the debt or equity capital markets.

International Business Risks

Our Company transacts business in Australia and New Zealand and is subject to risks associated with changing foreign currency exchange rates. During year 2023, the Australian dollar and New Zealand dollar weakened against the U.S. dollar by 4.3% and 3.3%, respectively, compared to the prior year. Our international operations are subject to a variety of risks, including the following:

Currency Risk: while we report our earnings and net assets in U.S. dollars, substantial portions of our revenue and of our obligations are denominated in either Australian or New Zealand dollars. The value of these currencies can vary significantly compared to the U.S. dollar and compared to each other. We do not hedge the currency risk, but rather have relied upon the natural hedges that exist as a result of the fact that our film costs are typically fixed as a percentage of the box office, and our local operating costs and obligations are likewise typically denominated in local currencies. Set forth below is a chart of the exchange ratios between these three currencies since 1996:

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In recent periods, we have repaid intercompany debt and used the proceeds to fund capital investment in the United States. Accordingly, our debt levels in Australia are higher than they would have been if funds had not been returned for such purposes. On a company wide basis, this means that a reduction in the relative strength of the U.S. dollar versus the Australian Dollar and/or the New Zealand dollar would effectively raise the overall cost of our borrowing and capital and make it more expensive to return funds from the United States to Australia and New Zealand. As the impacts of COVID on our business operations in Australia and New Zealand have been less severe than on our operations in the U.S., plus the impact of Hollywood Strikes on US operations, we have been looking to our operations in Australia and New Zealand to fund our overall corporate general and administrative expense (most of which is resident in the U.S.). The current strength of the U.S. Dollar has diminished the value to our Company of our Australia and New Zealand cash flow.

Risk of adverse government regulation: currently, we believe that relations between the United States, Australia, and New Zealand are good. However, no assurances can be given that these relationships will continue, and that Australia and New Zealand will not in the future seek to regulate more highly the business done by U.S. companies in their countries.

Risk of adverse labor relations: deterioration in labor relations could lead to an increased cost of labor (including the cost of future government requirements with respect to scheduling, accommodation, pension liabilities, disability insurance and health coverage, vacations and leave).

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Trade disputes and geopolitical instability outside of the U.S. may adversely impact the U.S. and global economies.

In 2023, global growth weakened, trade tensions heightened, and several emerging markets experienced significant downturns as macroeconomic and geopolitical developments weighed on market sentiments. Governmental policies of developed economies, such as the U.S., have a substantial effect on emerging markets, and the consequences of a trade war between two developed countries, like that of the U.S. and China, could further contribute to the adverse economic and political conditions of emerging and other developed economies. Additionally, North Korea’s nuclear weapons capabilities, Chinese activities relative to the South China Sea, Taiwan, and Hong Kong, and the Russian invasion of Ukraine continue to be an ongoing security concern and worsening relations between the U.S. and North Korea, Russia and China continue to create a global security issue that may adversely affect international business and economic conditions. While it is difficult for us to predict the effect of such trade wars and heightened geopolitical and economic instability on our business, they could lead to currency devaluation, economic and political turmoil, market volatility, and a loss of consumer confidence in the broader U.S. economy.

Risks Associated with Certain Discontinued Operations

Certain of our subsidiaries were previously in industrial businesses. As a consequence, properties that are currently owned or may have in the past been owned by these subsidiaries may prove to have environmental issues. Where we have knowledge of such environmental issues and are able to make an assessment as to our exposure, we have established what we believe to be appropriate reserves, but we are exposed to the risk that currently unknown problems may be discovered. These subsidiaries are also exposed to potential claims related to exposure of former employees to coal dust, asbestos, and other materials now considered to be, or which in the future may be found to be, carcinogenic or otherwise injurious to health.

Operating, Financial Structure and Borrowing Risk

Typically, we have negative working capital. As we invest our cash in new acquisitions and the development of our existing properties, we have negative working capital. This negative working capital is typical in the cinema exhibition industry because our short-term liabilities are in part financing our long-term assets instead of long-term liabilities financing short-term assets, as is the case in other industries such as manufacturing and distribution. Our short-term liabilities also include significant obligations related to our cinema leases. See Part II, Item 8 – Financial Statements and Supplementary Data—Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements--Note 2 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies – Operating Leases.

We are subject to complex taxation, changes in tax rates, adoption of new U.S. or international tax legislation and disagreements with tax authorities that could adversely affect our business, financial condition, or results of operations. We are subject to many different forms of taxation in both the U.S. and in foreign jurisdictions where we operate, such as the U.S. Tax Cuts and Jobs Act signed into law in December 2017. The new laws are still evolving and require that we interpret the provisions of the law as we work to comply with them. The costs of compliance with these laws and regulations are high and are likely to increase in the future. Any failure on our part to comply with these laws and regulations can result in negative publicity and diversion of management’s time and effort and may subject us to significant liabilities and other penalties.

We have substantial short- to medium-term debt. Generally speaking, we have historically financed our operations through relatively short-term debt. No assurances can be given that we will be able to refinance this debt, or if we can, that the terms will be reasonable. However, as a counterbalance to this debt, we have certain unencumbered real property assets, which could be sold to pay debt or encumbered to assist in the refinancing of existing debt, if necessary.

We have substantial lease liabilities. Most of our cinemas operate in leased facilities. These leases typically have “cost of living” or other rent adjustment features and require that we operate the properties as cinemas. The COVID-19 pandemic, increased competition from the internet, streaming and cable-based entertainment, and changes in film distribution have adversely affect the ability of our cinema operating subsidiaries to meet these rental obligations. Even if our cinema exhibition business returns to pre-Pandemic levels and thereafter remains relatively constant, cinema level cash flow will likely be adversely affected unless we can increase our revenue sufficiently to offset increases in our rental liabilities.

If our company suffers cybersecurity attacks, data security challenges or privacy incidents that result in security breaches, we could suffer a loss of sales, additional liability, reputational harm or other adverse consequences. The effective operation of our international businesses depends on our network infrastructure, computer systems, physical, virtual and/or cloud based, and software. Our information technology systems collect and process information provided by customers, employees and vendors. In addition, third-party vendors’ systems process ticketing for our theaters. These various information technology systems and the data stored within them are subject to penetration by cyber attackers. We utilize industry accepted security protocols to securely maintain and protect proprietary and confidential information. However, despite our best efforts, our information systems may fail to operate for a variety of technological or human reasons. An interruption or failure of our information technology systems and of those maintained by our third-party providers could adversely affect our business, liquidity or results of operations and result in increases in reputational risk, litigation or penalties. Furthermore, any such occurrence, if significant could require us to expend resources to remediate and

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upgrade information technology systems. Since 2015, we have annually procured cybersecurity insurance to protect against cybersecurity risks; however, we cannot provide any assurance regarding the adequacy of such insurance coverage.

Our stock is thinly traded. Our stock is thinly traded, with an average daily volume in 2023 of only approximately 30,231 shares of Class A Stock. Our Class B Stock is very thinly traded with even less volume. This can result in significant volatility, as demand by buyers and sellers can easily get out of balance.

Uninsured bank deposits may be at risk. We maintain cash in certain financial institution bank accounts in the United States, Australia, and New Zealand. In the United States, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation insures accounts in the amount of $250,000 per depositor, per insured bank, for each account ownership category. At certain of our financial institutions, we have more than $250,000 in deposit and those amounts may not be insured in the event of a bank failure.

Ownership and Management Structure, Corporate Governance, and Change of Control Risks

As of December 31, 2023, according to a Schedule 13D/A filed on October 27, 2023 by Margaret Cotter (the Chair of our Board, Executive Vice President of our Company and sister of Ellen Cotter), Ellen Cotter (the Vice-Chair of our Board, President and Chief Executive Officer of our Company and sister of Margaret Cotter) and certain of their affiliates (the “Cotter Schedule 13D”), Margaret Cotter has sole voting control over 1,058,988 shares of Class B Stock and shared voting power with Ellen Cotter over 100,000 shares of Class B Stock, collectively representing 69% of the outstanding Class B stock of the Company.

For as long as Margaret Cotter continues to have voting power over more than 2/3rds of the Class B Stock, Margaret Cotter will be able to unilaterally elect or remove all of the members of our Board of Directors and determine the outcome of all matters submitted to a vote of our stockholders, including matters involving mergers or other business combinations, the acquisition or disposition of assets, the incurrence of indebtedness, the issuance of any additional shares of common stock or other equity securities, related party transactions, and the payment of dividends on common stock. Margaret Cotter will also have the unilateral power to prevent or cause a change in control and could take other actions that might be desirable to her and/or other members of her family, but not to other stockholders.

For as long as Margaret Cotter continues to have voting power over more than 2/3rds of the Class B Stock, Margaret will have the power to sell the control of our Company to a purchaser or purchasers of her choosing without any approval of our Company’s Board or any other stockholder. To the extent that the Margaret Cotter controls more than two-thirds of our outstanding Class B Stock, she will have the power under Nevada law at any time, with or without cause, to remove any one or more Directors (up to and including the entire Board of Directors) by written consent taken without a meeting of the stockholders.

While controlling stockholders may owe certain fiduciary duties to our Company and/or minority stockholders, these duties are limited. No assurances can be given that Margaret Cotter, alone or in conjunction with Ellen Cotter, will not take action that, while beneficial to her and members of her family (including Ellen Cotter) and legally enforceable, would not necessarily be in the best interests of our Company and/or our stockholders generally. Margaret Cotter holds her beneficial ownership of 409,552 shares of our Class B Stock ultimately as the trustee of the DMC Trust, under which she owes fiduciary duties to her children which may conflict with her obligations as a controlling stockholder of our Company.

Reference is made to the Cotter Schedule 13D for more detail information of the scope and extent of the holdings of Margaret Cotter and Ellen Cotter. Our Class A Stock is non-voting and accordingly our Class B Stock represents all of the voting power of our Company.

We are a “Controlled Company” under applicable NASDAQ Regulations. As permitted by those Regulations, our Board has elected to opt-out of certain corporate governance rules applicable to non-controlled companies. Generally speaking, NASDAQ requires listed companies to meet certain minimum corporate governance provisions. However, a “Controlled Company,” such as we, may elect not to be governed by certain of these provisions. Our Board of Directors has elected to exempt our Company from requirements that (i) at least a majority of our Directors be independent and (ii) nominees to our Board of Directors be nominated by a committee comprised entirely of independent Directors or by a majority of our Company’s independent Directors. Notwithstanding the determination by our Board of Directors to opt-out of these NASDAQ requirements, we believe that a majority of our Board of Directors and the entirety of our Compensation Committee are nevertheless currently comprised of independent Directors. As a practical matter, subject to her fiduciary duties as a controlling stockholder, Margaret Cotter controls the composition of our Board of Directors.

We depend on key personnel for our current and future performance. Our current and future performance depends to a significant degree upon the continued contributions of our senior management team and other key personnel. The loss or unavailability to us of any member of our senior management team or a key employee could significantly harm us. We cannot assure you that we would be able to locate or employ qualified replacements for senior management or key employees on acceptable terms. Due to the uncertainty of our control situation, the ongoing availability of these employees and our ability to replace them is uncertain. Recent action by the Securities Exchange Commission with respect to the claw back of executive bonuses under certain circumstances may, in our view, put us at a competitive disadvantage compared to private companies in recruiting talented executives.

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Item 1B – Unresolved Staff Comments

None.

Item 1C – Cybersecurity

RISK MANAGEMENT AND STRATEGY

We have implemented a cybersecurity program to address all levels of cybersecurity threats based on our determination of the risk level. Our program includes policies and procedures that dictate the method in which we develop, deploy, and maintain security measures and controls. We use a cybersecurity framework to select security controls to protect against identified risks. When designing the controls, we consider the severity of risk and its impact on the Company, including the cost of the control and the impact it may have on the Company operations. We use various combinations of controls and tools to mitigate the risk to the Company such as firewalls and intrusion devices, endpoint threat detection systems, multi-factor authentication systems, endpoint threat detection systems as well patch management to prevent exploitable vulnerabilities.

We utilize third-party cybersecurity firms in various capacities to operate some of these controls, including remote monitoring, cloud-based platforms and services as well as on-premises services. For example, we use third parties to perform a variety of functions for the Company, including, but not limited to cybersecurity audits, targeted ransomware assessment and table-top exercises, internal penetration tests and other internal and external audits. These expert services enable us to leverage specialized knowledge and insights into our cybersecurity strategies and processes.

We maintain a written incident response plan and carry out periodic tabletop exercises to improve incident response readiness. Employees undergo security awareness training when hired and periodically thereafter; the scope of this training is continually updated to address newly identified threats. We utilize a risk-based approach and analysis to determine the cybersecurity controls to implement, and hence, there is a possibility that these controls may not adequately address every risk if we do not identify or place a high enough risk factor on a given threat. We are at risk of zero-day attacks and other vulnerabilities that may have been placed at a very low risk. In addition, even well-designed and properly deployed controls may not fully eliminate a given risk.

CYBERSECURITY THREATS

We have not had any cybersecurity incidents that we believe have materially affected or are likely to materially affect the Company.

GOVERNANCE.

Board Member Guy W. Adams serves as our Lead Technology and Cyber Risk Director. In December 2017, Mr. Adams was recognized as a Governance Fellow for the National Association of Corporate Directors, The Gold Standard Director Credential®. In 2018, Director Adams completed the Cyber-Risk Oversight course presented by the National Association of Corporate Directors.

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Item 2 – Properties

OPERATING PROPERTY

As of December 31, 2023, we own fee interests across our two operating segments in approximately 662,000 square feet of income-producing properties (including certain properties principally occupied by our cinemas) as follows:

United States

including a 72-space parking structure

4. Orpheum Theatre 0 / 5,000 n/a 1,355 Real Estate 126 2nd Avenue, Manhattan, NY

Australia

plus 588 parking spaces Real Estate

New Zealand

2. Dunedin Cinema 0 / 25,000 n/a 4,959 Cinema Exhibition 33 The Octagon, Dunedin

(1)Rental square footage refers to the amount of potential area available to be rented to third parties. A number of our real estate holdings include entertainment components rented to one or more of our subsidiaries at fair market rent. The rental area to such subsidiaries is noted under the entertainment square footage.

(2)Represents the percentage of available rental square footage currently leased or licensed to third parties.

(3)Refers to the net carrying value of the land and buildings of the property presented as “Operating Property” in our Consolidated Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2023 (net of any impairments recorded).

(4)Owned by a limited liability company in which we hold a 75% managing member interest. The remaining 25% is owned by Sutton Hill Capital, LLC (“SHC”), a company owned in equal parts by the Cotter Estate or the Cotter Estate and a third party.

(5)Our Cannon Park City and Discount Centers are operated as a single ETC.

(6)Our Courtenay Central parking structure was demolished due to damage suffered as a result of an earthquake on November 14, 2016. For further information on the on-going development projects of these properties, refer to succeeding section Item 7 - Recent Developments.

(7)This schedule does not include (i) our leasehold assets on cinemas under leased-facility model, (ii) those portions of the owned assets that are not income-producing or purely used for administrative purposes, and (iii) our assets on our legacy business principally in Pennsylvania.

(8)As of February 23, 2024, we have sold our Culver City office building, and have vacated the premises.

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ENTERTAINMENT PROPERTIES

As of December 31, 2023, we leased approximately 1,970,000 square feet of completed cinema space in the United States, Australia, and New Zealand as follows:

In certain cases, we have long-term leases that we view more akin to real estate investments than cinema leases. As of 2023, we had approximately 90,000 square feet of space subject to such long-term leases, which are reported as part of our Cinema Exhibition segment, detailed as follows:

In United States

In Australia

(1)Rental square footage refers to the amount of area available to be rented to third parties. A number of our real estate holdings include entertainment components rented to one or more of our subsidiaries at fair market rent. The rental area to such subsidiaries is noted under the entertainment square footage.

(2)Represents the percentage of rental square footage currently leased to third parties.

(3)Refers to the net carrying value of the leasehold property presented as “Operating Property” in our Consolidated Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2023 (net of any impairments recorded).

INVESTMENT AND DEVELOPMENT PROPERTY

We are engaged in several investment and development projects relative to our currently undeveloped parcels of land. In addition, we are currently executing, or still pursuing to execute, our redevelopment plans on several of our existing developed properties to take them to their highest and best use. The following table summarizes our investment and development projects as of 2023:

Property Acreage Net Book‎Value‎(US Dollars‎in thousands) Status

New Zealand

Some of our income producing properties and our investment and development properties carry various debt encumbrances based on their income streams and geographic locations. For an explanation of our debt and the associated security collateral please see Part II, Item 8 – Financial Statements and Supplementary Data—Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements--Note 12 – Borrowings.

EXECUTIVE AND ADMINISTRATIVE OFFICES

In the United States, we occupy approximately 3,500 square feet at our Village East leasehold property in New York for administrative purposes and our principal executive offices. We occupied approximately 12,500 square feet of our Culver City office building for administrative purposes. In February 2024, we sold our Culver City office and our employees who formerly worked at that office are currently working remotely until we secure a new Los Angeles office.

In Australia, we own an approximately 9,000 square foot office building in Melbourne, Australia, approximately 6,000 square feet of which serve as the administrative office for our Australian and New Zealand operations (the remainder being leased to an unrelated third party). We have approximately 4,800 square feet of office space located in our Courtenay Central ETC in Wellington, New Zealand, which is currently closed due to seismic concerns. This office space used to house our accounting personnel and certain IT and operational personnel who are working remotely in the meantime.

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OTHER PROPERTY INTERESTS AND INVESTMENTS

We own the fee interests in various parcels related to our historic railroad operations, currently comprised of 201-acres principally in Pennsylvania. These are primarily vacant land. With the exception of certain properties located in Philadelphia (including the raised railroad bed near Center City, known as the Reading Viaduct), the properties are principally located in rural areas of Pennsylvania. These properties are unencumbered by any debt.

Item 3 – Legal Proceedings

The information required under Part I, Item 3 – Legal Proceedings is incorporated by reference to the information contained in Note 14 – Commitments and Contingencies to the Consolidated Financial Statements included herein in Part II, Item 8– Financial Statements and Supplementary Data on this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Item 4 – Mine Safety Disclosures

Not Applicable.

PART II

Item 5 – Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

MARKET INFORMATION

Our common stock is traded on the NASDAQ under the symbols RDI (Class A Stock) and RDIB (Class B Stock).

As of March 27, 2024, the approximate number of common stockholders of record was 338 for Class A Stock and 46 for Class B Stock.

We have never declared a cash dividend on either class of our common stock, and we have no current plans to declare a dividend.

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Performance Graph

The following line graph compares the cumulative total stockholder return on RDI’s Class A Stock for the five-year period ended December 31, 2023, against the cumulative total return as calculated by the NASDAQ composite, a peer group of public companies engaged in the motion picture theater operator industry and a peer group of public companies engaged in the real estate operator industry. Measurement points are the last trading day for each of the five-years ended December 31, 2023. The graph assumes that $100 was invested on December 31, 2018, in our Class A Stock, the NASDAQ composite and the noted peer groups, and assumes reinvestment of any dividends. The stock price performance on the following graph is not necessarily indicative of future stock price performance.

The following performance graph shall not be deemed to be “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Exchange Act, nor shall this information be incorporated by reference into any future filing under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act, except to the extent that we specifically incorporate it by reference into a filing.

Reading underperformed in 2023 compared to the market due to the aftermath of COVID-19 pandemic and Hollywood strikes, delayed releases of movies and/or movies going straight to streaming or PVOD, and a weakening foreign currency exchange rate.

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EQUITY COMPENSATION

Please refer to Part II, Item 8 – Financial Statements and Supplementary Data-Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements – Note 16 – Share-Based Compensation and Share Repurchase Plans

RECENT SALES OF UNREGISTERED SECURITIES

None

REPURCHASE OF EQUITY SECURITIES BY THE ISSUER AND AFFILIATED PURCHASERS

None

Item 6 – [RESERVED]

Item 7 – Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (“MD&A”)

INDEX Page

Our Business 36

Results of Operations 41

Liquidity and Capital Resources 49

Contractual Obligations, Commitments and Contingencies 51

Financial Risk Management 51

Critical Accounting Estimates 52

OUR BUSINESS

Where have we been, and where we are going.

We have discussed in some detail under the heading “Business Description” in Part I of this Report our views as to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, the 2023 Hollywood Strikes and spiking interest rates on our business and, while not repeating that disclosure here, we want to incorporate it by reference. As a general matter, the COVID-19 pandemic caused considerable economic instability all over the world and greatly affected our Company’s global operations from 2020 through 2022. It in someways created some big governmental winners and losers as privately held exhibitors were provided with hundreds of millions of dollars in government aid, the four publicly owned exhibitors (of which we are the smallest) received no assistance. Public stockholders suffered. Private interests were saved. But through determination and persistence we have survived. We have preserved our people and our core assets, and we are prepared and eager to go forward.

In 2021, as we began reopening our cinemas from the pandemic that began in March 2020, we faced strict operating guidelines that often prevented us from recouping our operational costs. Additionally, film availability was inconsistent, with major releases diverted to streaming platforms or postponed. Attendance remained low, and operating costs were further impacted by stricter cleaning protocols, which reduced the number of showtimes. However, in Australia and New Zealand, business on the real estate side began to return to normal.

To address our negative operating cash flow situation, we significantly cut back our capital expenditures and, in 2021, monetized five non-core real estate assets generating a net profit from such sales of $93.3 million and, more importantly, net cash of $144.8 million. We selected assets that were primarily non-cash flowing, had values that were not adversely impacted by the pandemic and that, if retained, would have required significant capital investment to achieve any material increase in value. In the two cases where we monetized properties with cinemas, we were able to lease back the cinema component, and consequently, suffered no loss in our cinema count. We used the cash from these monetizations to pay down debt ($59.1 million) and fund necessary capital expenditures ($24.2 million). During 2023 we monetized an underperforming cinema in Australia for $A2.8 million, and during the first quarter of

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2024, sold our underutilized administrative office building in Culver City, California for $10 million. At December 31, 2023, we had cash and cash equivalents of $12.9 million.

During 2022, our operations began to return to normal as health and safety restrictions loosened and as studio releases gradually improved. Although cinema attendances were still below pre-pandemic levels, the industry box office results significantly rebounded in 2022, compared to the prior two years, as audiences embraced the shared community experience of movies on the big screen. Despite reduced film releases and alternative distribution methods, the release of highly anticipated blockbuster films, such as TopGun: Maverick and Avatar: The Way of Water, were among some of the highest grossing films since the start of the pandemic and provided optimism for the cinema industry.

As we stepped into 2023, the progress made in the previous year had established a hopeful setting for the world of cinema, reigniting audiences' passion for the immersive experience of the big screen. The release of The Super Marios Bros. Movie, Barbie, and Oppenheimer created a summer film season that drove audiences back to theaters. The anticipation and excitement surrounding the joint release of Barbie and Oppenheimer contributed to the cultural phenomenon, ‘Barbenheimer’, with new box office records being achieved as eager moviegoers flocked to experience these highly anticipated films on the big screen. The 2023 film slate also benefitted from the release of franchise favorites such as Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 3, Fast X, and Spider-Man Across The Spider-Verse.

While the cinema industry continued to recover during 2023, the industry suffered another challenge during the year with the onset of the 2023 Hollywood Strikes. Though not as severe as the pandemic, these strikes negatively impacted our business in 2023 and we anticipate that we will continue to experience the fallout of these strikes throughout 2024. Many films that were scheduled for release in 2024 have now been pushed into 2025 as production was halted, and some films were pushed from 2023 into 2024 following the screen actor’s inability to promote those films.

However, despite these challenges, we remain optimistic about the future of our industry, and we believe that this new challenge will have a short-term impact on our operations and the industry as a whole. We are encouraged by the grosses achieved by recent releases such as Dune: Part Two and Kung Fu Panda 4. We are encouraged by the film line up scheduled for the remainder of 2024 and continuing into 2025. And, we are encouraged by the fact that the motion picture industry has once again realized that a theatrical release is important to getting the best return on investment for a major motion picture.

In order to get through this period, we have monetized a number of real estate assets. However, these have not been fire sales, and we believe that we have been able to get fair value for these assets. Every asset sold, save one, was sold at a material profit. None of the assets sold was core to our operations. And, we believe we have been able to preserve the assets which offer us the most in the way of future upside potential.

As of the date of this report, all of our cinemas are fully operating with the exception of our cinema in Wellington, New Zealand, which remains closed due to seismic concerns pending the redevelopment of that ETC. However, we still have remaining deferred occupancy costs that we are continuing to repay. At December 31, 2023, these rent deferrals totaled approximately $10 million.

With regard to our real estate business, all of our tenants are currently open for business at our Australian and New Zealand properties (with the exception of one tenant in Australia completing a new fit out). Most of the rentable retail portion of our Courtenay Central location in New Zealand continues to be closed due to seismic concerns, however, one tenant remains open at this property. On our Wakefield property a further digital billboard tenant and one tenant at our Napier property are open.

Our anticipated plans for 2024 and beyond are discussed in greater detail below.

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RECENT DEVELOPMENTS

Recent developments in our two business segments are discussed below. For an overview of our two business segments, including a breakdown of assets that we own and/or manage, please see Part I, Item 1 –Our Business of this 2023 Form 10-K.

Cinema Exhibition

Key Performance Indicators

Food and Beverage Spend Per Patron

A key performance indicator utilized by management in our cinema segment is Food and Beverage (“F&B”) Spend Per Patron (“SPP”), which is calculated based on our total F&B Revenues on a post-tax basis divided by our attendance during a specific period.

One of our strategic priorities has been to continue upgrading the food and beverage menu at several of our global cinemas. As of December 31, 2023, we have a total of 40 theater locations with an all-new upgraded food and beverage menus (i.e. menus that are beyond traditional popcorn, soda, and candy).

We use F&B SPP as a measure of our F&B operational performance as compared to that of our competitors. Although the profitability of our F&B operations is influenced by numerous factors, including labor and cost of goods, F&B SPP serves as an indicator of our ability to achieve consistent strong top-line performance. In addition, F&B SPP highlights our ability to optimize revenue by effectively promoting and selling supplementary products to our customers during each visit. Moreover, this metric assists in evaluating how well we can differentiate our F&B offerings from our competitors. Management in turn uses F&B SPP to adjust food and beverage pricing strategies at our individual theaters, measure the effectiveness of promotional marketing initiatives, optimize menu offerings, and to ensure price barriers are not created for our attendance.

Average Ticket Price Per Patron

An additional key performance indicator utilized by management in our cinema segment is Average Ticket Price (“ATP”) per patron, which is calculated based on our total box office revenues on a post-tax basis divided by our attendance during a specific period. ATP serves to measure our operational cinema performance when compared to that of our competitors. ATP is a useful metric for evaluating our ability to achieve a strong top line performance as we recover from the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, ATP gauges the effectiveness of our cinemas’ pricing strategies and our ability to draw back audiences to our theaters. Management uses ATP to adjust and inform ticket pricing schemes for our individual theaters, measure the effectiveness of our content programming, and ensure that price barriers are not created for core guests.

Cinema Additions

The additions to our cinema portfolio during the 2021-2023 COVID years were as follows:

Australia and New Zealand

Busselton, Western Australia, Australia: On September 22, 2023, we opened a five-screen complex in the newly expanded Busselton Central Shopping Centre precinct of Busselton, Western Australia. The state-of-the-art complex features a TITAN LUXE screen, elevated F&B offerings, and recliner seating.

South City Square, Queensland, Australia: On August 24, 2023, we launched our first-ever Angelika Cinemas outside of the United States at South City Square in Woolloongabba, Brisbane. The location currently operates as an eight-screen complex, featuring elevated food and beverage offerings (including alcoholic beverages) and recliner seating.

Armadale, Western Australia, Australia: On January 13, 2023, we took over an existing six-screen cinema in Armadale, Australia, a suburb of Perth in Western Australia.

Traralgon, Victoria, Australia: On December 15, 2021, we opened a new state-of-the-art five-screen Reading Cinemas in Traralgon, Victoria.

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Millers Junction, Victoria, Australia: On June 16, 2021, we opened a new state-of-the-art six screen Reading Cinemas at the expanded Millers Junction Village featuring two TITAN LUXE auditoriums with DOLBY ATMOS immersive sound, luxury recliner seating in all auditoriums, and an enhanced F&B offering.

Upgrades to our Film Exhibition Technology and Theater Amenities

Prior to COVID-19, we invested in both (i) the upgrading of our existing cinemas and (ii) the development of new cinemas to provide our customers with premium offerings, including state-of-the-art presentation (including sound, lounges, and bar service) and luxury recliner seating. As of December 31, 2023, all of the upgrades to our theater circuits’ film exhibition technology and amenities over the years are as summarized in the following table:

Location‎Count Screen‎Count

Screen Format

Digital (all cinemas in our theater circuit) 61 491

TITAN XC and LUXE 26 32

Dine-in Service

Gold Lounge (AU/NZ)(1) 11 29

Spotlight (U.S.)(3) 1 6

Upgraded Food & Beverage menu (U.S.)(4) 17 n/a

Premium Seating (features recliner seating) 33 198

Liquor Licenses in Use(5) 47 n/a

(1)Gold Lounge: This is our "First Class Full Dine-in Service" in our Australian and New Zealand cinemas, which includes an upgraded F&B menu (with alcoholic beverages), luxury recliner seating features (intimate 25-50 seat cinemas) and waiter service.

(2)Premium Service: This is our "Business Class Dine-in Service" in our Australian and New Zealand cinemas, which typically includes upgraded F&B menu (some with alcoholic beverages) and may include luxury recliner seating features (less intimate 80-seat cinemas), but no waiter service.

(3)Spotlight Service: Our first dine-in cinema concept in the U.S. at Reading Cinemas in Murrieta, California. Six of our 17 auditoriums at this cinema feature waiter service before the movie begins with a full F&B menu, luxury recliner seating, and laser focus on customer service. Our Spotlight service has been temporarily suspended since the initial COVID-19 shutdown.

(4)Upgraded Food & Beverage Menu: Features an elevated F&B menu including a menu of locally inspired and freshly prepared items that go beyond traditional concessions, which we have worked with former Food Network executives to create. The elevated menu also includes beer, wine and/or spirits at most of our locations.

(5)Liquor Licenses: Licenses are applicable at each cinema location, rather than each cinema auditorium. As of December 31, 2023, we have pending applications

for additional liquor licenses in five cinemas in Australia.

Global Real Estate Developments

44 Union Square Redevelopment (New York, N.Y.) – We have made significant progress in the development of our 44 Union Square property in Manhattan. On January 27, 2022, we entered a long-term lease with Petco for the lower level, ground floor, and second floor of the building, representing 42% of the leasable area. Petco is in occupancy of its premises on a full rent cash paying basis and opened to the public on June 1, 2023.

Effective mid-March 2024, we engaged George Comfort & Sons (www.gcomfort.com), as the new exclusive leasing broker for the remaining space at 44 Union Square. While the space was originally designed for office uses, given the dramatic presence of the property on Union Square, the rebound in foot traffic being enjoyed by Union Square and our building’s significant branding potential, we are considering, a range of uses beyond traditional office tenants, including short term and special purpose uses. While we cannot guarantee the successful leasing of the remaining space, we anticipate that George Comfort & Sons with its varied and long experience in New York City real estate will bring a fresh approach and thinking to activating the remaining space at 44 Union Square.

Effective April 1, 2024, George Comfort & Sons will also take on the property management role at 44 Union Square.

Minetta Lane Theatre (New York, N.Y.) – Prior to COVID-19, our theatre was used by Audible to present plays featuring a limited cast of one or two characters and special live performance engagements on the Audible streaming service. Due to COVID-19, no shows were presented between March 2020 and October 8, 2021, the date on which public performances resumed, and during this period we provided certain abatements.We are currently in negotiations with Audible regarding an extension of the term of their current license to use our Minetta Lane Theatre for their productions.

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Orpheum Theatre (New York, N.Y.)–Prior to COVID-19, our theatre was the home of STOMP. Due to COVID-19, no shows were presented between April 2020 and June 2021. Thereafter, performances were intermittent. During this period, we provided certain abatements. STOMP ultimately closed (after 30 years at our theatre) on January 8, 2023. Under our termination agreement with the producers of STOMP, we have certain rights to provide the New York City venue for any future production of that show.

Following STOMP’s historic run at the Orpheum, The Empire Strips Back ran for approximately three months, followed by a limited holiday engagement of Death, Let Me Do My Show starring comedian Rachel Bloom. The Off-Broadway solo version of William Shakespeare’s Hamlet starring Eddie Izzard opened at the Orpheum on March 19, 2024 and is expected to run through mid-April 2024. We are also finalizing another license agreement for an open-ended show anticipated to open in September 2024.

Cinemas 1,2,3 Redevelopment (New York, N.Y.) – Currently operated as the Cinemas 123, we have historically treated this property as an asset held for long term development. However, in light of a variety of factors, such as market conditions in Manhattan for real estate assets, cost of capital and demands on our liquidity, we have begun to explore alternatives for this property. These alternatives may include, again by way of example, the bringing in of a capital partner, the entering into a long-term ground lease (which could serve as the basis for medium to long term finance), and/or the sale (in whole or in part) of our interest in the property.

Australia:

Newmarket Village ETC, (Brisbane, Australia) – We continue to work on the expansion and upgrading of our Newmarket Village ETC. The site includes a 23,250 square foot parcel adjacent to the center, improved with an office building. Over the next few years, we will be evaluating development options for this space. The combined center and office building is currently 99% leased.

Cannon Park ETC, (Queensland, Australia) – We acquired two adjoining properties in Townsville, Queensland, Australia comprising of approximately 9.4-acres in 2015. The total gross leasable area of the Cannon Park City Center and the Cannon Park Discount Center is 132,731 square feet. Our multiplex cinema is the anchor tenant at the Cannon Park City Center. This site is currently 94% leased.

The Belmont Common, (Belmont, Perth, Australia): The total gross leasable area of the Belmont Common is 60,117 Sq ft. Our multiplex cinema is the anchor tenant with six third-party tenants and our Reading Cinemas, the site is currently 100%leased.

New Zealand:

Courtenay Central Redevelopment (Wellington, New Zealand) – Damage from the 2016 Kaikoura earthquake necessitated demolition of our nine-story parking garage at the site, and unrelated seismic issues caused us to close major portions of the existing cinema and retail structure in early 2019. Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, our real estate team had developed a comprehensive plan featuring a variety of uses to complement and build upon the “destination quality” of the Courtenay Central location. Notwithstanding the COVID-19 pandemic, our real estate team is continuing to work with our consultants, tenants, potential tenants, and city representatives to advance our redevelopment plans for this property. We anticipate that this redevelopment opportunity will be a principal focus over the next few years. We remain optimistic about the development potential for our Courtenay Central property, in light of, among other things, (i) the successful June 3, 2023 opening of Takina (wcec.co.nz), this capital city’s first premium conference and exhibition space, (ii) the loosening of certain height and density restrictions, and (iii) the lack of comparable building sites.

Corporate Matters

Board Compensation and Stock Options Committee – Refer to Part II, Item 8 – Financial Statements and Supplementary Data—Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements--Note 16 – Share-Based Compensation and Repurchase Plans for details regarding our Board, Executive and Employee stock-based remuneration programs.

OVERALL RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

In this section, we discuss the results of our operations for the year ended December 31, 2023, compared to the year ended December 31, 2022. For a discussion of the year ended December 31, 2022, compared to the year ended December 31, 2021, please refer to Part II, Item 7, “Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022.

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The following table sets forth the overall results of operations for the three years ended December 31, 2023:

% Change - ‎Favorable/‎(Unfavorable)

SEGMENT RESULTS

NON-SEGMENT RESULTS

CONSOLIDATED RESULTS

2023 vs. 2022

Net Loss attributable to Reading International, Inc. was $30.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2023, a decrease of $5.5 million from a Net Loss of $36.2 million for year ended December 31, 2022. This decrease was primarily due to (i) improved segment operating performance from both cinemas and real estate, (ii) decreased depreciation and amortization expenses, and (iii) decreased general and administrative expenses, partially offset by (i) a $5.0 million increase in interest expenses due to rising interest rates, and (ii) a $7.0 million decrease in other income.

BUSINESS SEGMENT RESULTS –2023 vs. 2022

Presented below is the comparison of the segment operating income of our two business segments for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively:

2023 2022 % Change ‎Favorable/‎(Unfavorable)

(Dollars in thousands) Cinema Real Estate Cinema Real Estate Cinema Real Estate

Segment Operating Expenses

Impairment of long-lived assets — — (1,549) — 100 % — %

Breakdown by country:

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A discussion for each segment follows:

Cinema Exhibition – The following table details our Cinema Exhibition segment operating results for the years ended

December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively:

REVENUE

Advertising and other revenue 724 5 % 777 5 % (53) (7) %

OPERATING EXPENSE

Food & beverage cost (911) (7) % (915) (6) % (4) — %

DEPRECIATION, AMORTIZATION, GENERAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE EXPENSE

Impairment of long-lived assets — — % (1,549) (2) % (1,549) (>100) %

General and administrative expense (2,502) (2) % (2,749) (3) % (247) 9 %

General and administrative expense (1,495) (2) % (1,597) (2) % (102) 6 %

New Zealand Depreciation and amortization $ (600) (4) % $ (809) (6) % (209) 26 %

General and administrative expense — — % — — % — — %

OPERATING INCOME (LOSS)

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Cinema Exhibition – The following table details our Cinema Exhibition segment operating results for the quarters ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively:

REVENUE

OPERATING EXPENSE

DEPRECIATION, AMORTIZATION, IMPAIRMENT AND GENERAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE EXPENSE

Impairment of long-lived assets — — % — — % — — %

General and administrative expense (663) (3) % (628) (4) % 35 (6) %

General and administrative expense (351) (2) % (358) (2) % (7) 2 %

New Zealand Depreciation and amortization $ (178) (7) % $ (159) (5) % 19 (12) %

General and administrative expense — — % — — % — — %

OPERATING INCOME (LOSS)

Cinema Exhibition Segment Operating Income

Cinema exhibition segment operating loss decreased by $11.8 million, to an income of $0.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2023, compared to December 31, 2022, primarily driven by (i) improved cinema performance as a result of stronger movie slate and more patrons returning to the theaters. Major movie studios released blockbuster movies, such as Barbie, Oppenheimer, The Super Mario Bros. Movie, Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 3, Fast X, and Spider-Man: Across the Spider-Verse, which have driven higher admissions and box office revenue in the U.S., (ii) decrease in depreciation, amortization, general and administrative expense, (iii) impairment expense that was incurred in 2022 that was not incurred in 2023.

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Cinema exhibition segment operating loss for the fourth quarter of 2023 was $4.1 million, a decrease of $1.7 million from an operating loss of $5.8 million in the same time period of 2022 primarily attributable to better operating performance world-wide.

Revenue

Cinema revenue increased by $16.3 million, to $207.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2023, compared to 2022 primarily as a result of blockbuster hits, such as Barbie, Oppenheimer, The Super Mario Bros. Movie, Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 3, and Spider-Man: Across The Spider-Verse.

The table below is the revenue breakdown, by country, for the years ended December 31, 2023, and 2022, respectively:

Below are the changes in our cinema revenue by market:

In the United States, cinema revenues increased by $16.7 million, to $113.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2023, compared to 2022.

In Australia, cinema revenues increased by $0.1 million, to $80.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2023, compared to 2022.

In New Zealand, cinema revenues decreased by $0.5 million, to $13.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2023, compared to 2022.

For the quarter ended December 31, 2023, Cinema segment revenue decreased by $1.9 million against the fourth quarter of 2022, to $41.9 million, which was primarily attributable to a weaker film slate in 2023 vs 2022 when Black Panther: Wakanda Forever, Avatar: The Way of Water, and Black Adam were all released.

Operating Expense

Operating expense for the full year 2023 increased by $8.4 million, to $192.2 million when compared to 2022 due to higher film rent associated with increased ticket sales and the release of more major tentpole films, higher food & beverage costs, and higher insurance expense, along with increased occupancy expenses in the U.S.

For the quarter ended December 31, 2023, operating expenses decreased by $3.1 million, to $42.2 million when compared to the fourth quarter of 2022 due to decreased film rent and concession cost as a result of lower attendance along with a decrease in other operating expense.

Depreciation, Amortization, Impairment, General and Administrative Expense

Depreciation, amortization, general and administrative expense for the year-ended December 31, 2023 decreased by $3.9 million, to $15.3 million compared to 2022 primarily driven by a $1.5 million impairment expense that was incurred in 2022 that was not incurred in 2023, cinema closures in U.S. and delay in CAPEX spending.

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Real Estate – The following table details our Real Estate segment operating results for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively:

REVENUE

OPERATING EXPENSE

United States Live theatre cost $ (565) (9) % $ (727) (24) % (162) 22 %

DEPRECIATION, AMORTIZATION, GENERAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE EXPENSE

General and administrative expense (700) (11) % (695) (23) % 5 (1) %

General and administrative expense (240) (2) % (174) (1) % 66 (38) %

New Zealand Depreciation and amortization $ (758) (50) % $ (827) (54) % (69) 8 %

General and administrative expense — (1) % — — % — — %

OPERATING INCOME (LOSS)

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Real Estate – The following table details our Real Estate segment operating results for the quarters ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively:

REVENUE

OPERATING EXPENSE

United States Live theatre cost $ (89) (7) % $ (196) (16) % (107) 55 %

DEPRECIATION, AMORTIZATION, GENERAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE EXPENSE

General and administrative expense (193) (16) % (52) (5) % 141 (>100) %

Australia Depreciation and amortization $ (614) (21) % $ (641) (22) % (27) 4 %

General and administrative expense (51) (2) % (62) (2) % (11) 18 %

New Zealand Depreciation and amortization $ (186) (51) % $ (192) (49) % (6) 3 %

General and administrative expense — — % — — % — — %

OPERATING INCOME (LOSS)

Real Estate Segment Operating Income

Real estate segment operating income was $3.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2023, which was an increase of $3.3 million from an operating income of $0.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2022, primarily as a result of recognition of rental income from our tenant at our 44 Union Square property, which did not occur in the same period of the prior year.

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Revenue

The table below is the revenue breakdown by country for each year:

Real estate revenues for the year ended December 31, 2023, increased by $3.1 million, to $19.9 million compared to 2022. This increase is attributable to recognition of rental income from our tenant at our 44 Union Square property, which did not occur in the same period of the prior year.

NON-SEGMENT RESULTS – 2023 vs. 2022

For more information about the legal expense, please refer to Part II, Item 8 – Financial Statements and Supplementary Data—Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements--Note 14 – Commitments and Contingencies.

Income Tax Expense

Income tax expense decreased by $0.2 million, to $0.6 million, when compared to 2022, primarily due to a decrease in reserve for uncertain tax positions in 2023.

Please refer to Part II, Item 8 – Financial Statements and Supplementary Data—Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements-- Note 11 – Income Taxes for further information.

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LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

Our Financing Strategy

In 2023, due to the negative operating conditions caused by the 2023 Hollywood Strikes and increased interest rates, as well as the lingering impacts from the COVID-19 pandemic, we (i) conserved our cash and chose to defer non-essential capital expenditures, (ii) refinanced our existing debt to provide longer maturity dates and eased financial covenants and/or obtained waivers of financial ratio tests and (iii) monetized one non-core asset and identified certain other assets as candidates for potential monetization to raise additional liquidity. In February, we sold an additional asset, our underutilized administrative office building in Culver City, California, to take advantage of a tenant friendly office market in Los Angeles.

During 2023, our bank loans with Bank of America, NAB, and Westpac required that our Company comply with certain covenants. We either complied with the underlying bank covenants or obtained waivers from compliance. In 2023, we drew down on our 44 Union Square debt facility to provide financing for tenant improvements for our tenant at 44 Union Square, Petco who opened its flagship store in June 2023, and to pay brokerage fees associated with that lease.

If our Company is unable to generate sufficient cash flow in the upcoming months or if its cash needs exceed our Company’s borrowing capacity under its available facilities, we could be required to adopt one or more alternatives, such as reducing, delaying or eliminating planned capital expenditures, selling additional assets, or further restructuring debt.

Generally speaking, we believe our relationship with our lenders is good.

For more information about our borrowings, including loan modifications and modifications to waivers of certain covenants, please refer to Part II, Item 8 – Financial Statements and Supplementary Data—Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements-- Note 12 – Borrowings.

The table below presents the changes in our total available resources (cash and borrowings), debt-to-equity ratio, working capital, and other relevant information addressing our liquidity for the last five years:

Total Resources (cash and borrowings)

Debt-to-Equity Ratio

Changes in Working Capital

(1)This relates to the construction facilities specifically negotiated for 44 Union Square redevelopment project.

(2)Typically, our working capital is reported as a deficit, as we receive revenue from our cinema business ahead of the time that we have to pay our associated liabilities. We use the money we receive to pay down our borrowings in the first instance.

We endeavor to manage our cash, investments, and capital structure to meet the short-term and long-term obligations of our business, while maintaining financial flexibility and liquidity. We forecast, analyze, and monitor our cash flows to enable investment and financing within the overall constraints of our financial strategy. In the past, we used cash generated from operations and other excess cash to the extent not needed for any capital expenditures, to pay down our loans and credit facilities providing us some flexibility on our available loan facilities for future use and thereby, reducing interest charges. To meet our liquidity’s need, in 2023, we have worked with our lenders to extend the maturity of various loans.

Refer to Part II, Item 8 – Financial Statements and Supplementary Data—Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements--Note 12 – Borrowings for further details on our various borrowing arrangements.

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On December 31, 2023, our consolidated cash and cash equivalents totaled $12.9 million. Of this amount, $7.1 million, $5.2 million and $0.7 million were held by our U.S., Australian and New Zealand operations, respectively. The funds held in Australia and New Zealand are, under our applicable bank lending arrangement, subject to limitations on their use outside of Australia or New Zealand as applicable. Due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and continuing funding needs in the US, we no longer intend to indefinitely reinvest offshore any earnings derived from our Australian and New Zealand operations.

We have historically funded our working capital requirements, capital expenditures and investments in individual properties primarily from a combination of internally generated cash flows and debt. During 2023, the need for such funding for capital expenditures and investments has decreased, as we have deferred to the fullest extent reasonable such expenditures. However, due to the Hollywood Strikes and the increase in interest rates, our operating income is still insufficient to cover our costs and expenses accordingly, our negative working capital has increased over the course of the year. The funding that has been required, has been funded predominantly from cost reductions, debt and strategic asset sales and landlord concessions. As noted in the preceding table, we had no unused available unrestricted corporate credit facilities at December 31, 2023.

The change in cash and cash equivalents for the three years ended December 31, 2023 is as follows:

% Change

Operating Activities

2023 vs. 2022

Cash used in operating activities for 2023 decreased by $16.6 million, to cash used of $9.7 million, driven by a $14.8 million decrease in net changes in operating assets and liabilities primarily resulting from taxes payable, film rent payable, and prepaid and other assets, plus better operating result comparing to prior year.

Investing Activities

2023 vs. 2022

Cash used in investing activities during the twelve months ended December 31, 2023 decreased by $6.8 million, to cash used of $2.7 million. This is mainly due to delay in CAPEX spending, and the sale of our Maitland property in Australia in the fourth quarter of 2023.

Financing Activities

2023 vs. 2022

Cash used in financing activities for the twelve months ended December 31, 2023, decreased by $9.9 million, to $6.7 million due to reduced debt payment compared to prior year, plus $4.1 million draws on our loan with Emerald Creek Capital.

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CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS, COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

The following table provides information with respect to the future maturities and scheduled principal repayments of our recorded contractual obligations and certain of our commitments and contingencies, either recorded or off-balance sheet, as of December 31, 2023:

Finance leases, including imputed interest 44 44 — — — — 88

Village East purchase option(2) 5,900 — — — — 5,900

(1)Information is presented gross of deferred financing costs.

(2)Represents the lease liability of the option associated with the ground lease purchase of the Village East Cinema.

(3)Estimated interest on debt is based on the anticipated loan balances for future periods and current applicable interest rates.

Please refer to Part II, Item 8 – Financial Statements and Supplementary Data—Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements--Note 14 – Commitments and Contingencies for more information.

Litigation

We are currently involved in certain legal proceedings and, as required, have accrued estimates of probable and estimable losses for the resolution of these claims, as appropriate.

Please refer to Part I,Item 3 – Legal Proceedings for more information.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

There are no off-balance sheet arrangements or obligations (including contingent obligations) that have, or are reasonably likely to have, a current or future material effect on our financial condition, changes in the financial condition, revenue or expense, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources.

FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT

Currency and Interest Rate Risk

Our Company’s objective in managing exposure to foreign currency and interest rate fluctuations is to reduce volatility of earnings and cash flows in order to allow management to focus on core business issues and challenges.

Historically, we have managed our currency exposure by creating, whenever possible, natural hedges in Australia and New Zealand. This involves local country sourcing of goods and services, as well as borrowing in local currencies to match revenues and expenses. We have also historically paid management fees to the U.S. to cover a portion of our domestic overhead. The decrease in the value of the Australian and New Zealand currencies as compared to the U.S. dollar combined with the limitations under our bank loans in Australia and New Zealand to move funds into the U.S., however, have negatively impacted and are expected in 2024 to continue to negatively impact, our ability to rely on such funding for ongoing support of our domestic overhead.

Our exposure to interest rate risk arises out of our long-term floating-rate borrowings. To manage the risk, we utilize interest rate derivative contracts to convert certainfloating-rate borrowings into fixed-rate borrowings. It is our Company’s policy to enter into interest rate derivative transactions only to the extent considered necessary to meet its objectives as stated above. Our Company does not enter into these transactions or any other hedging transactions for speculative purposes. We are currently facing additional risk as approximately $174.6 million of our current borrowings mature over the next 24 months. We believe it unlikely that we will be able to refinance this debt at their current interest rates in this environment.

Inflation

We continually monitor inflation and the effects of changing prices. Inflation increases the cost of goods and services used. Competitive conditions in many of our markets restrict our ability to recover fully the higher costs of acquired goods and services

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through price increases. We attempt to mitigate the impact of inflation by implementing continuous process improvement solutions to enhance productivity and efficiency and, as a result, lower costs and operating expenses. Inflation may also adversely impact the rent we pay for our leased cinemas, as many have cost of living adjustment features.

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES

We believe that the application of the following accounting policies requires significant judgments and estimates in the preparation of our Consolidated Financial Statements and hence, are critical to our business operations and the understanding of our financial results:

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets, Including Goodwill and Intangible Assets

We review long-lived assets, including goodwill and intangibles, for impairment as part of our annual budgeting process, at the beginning of the fourth quarter, and whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the asset may not be fully recoverable.

(i)Impairment of Long-lived Assets (other than Goodwill and Intangible Assets with indefinite lives) – we evaluate our long-lived assets and finite-lived intangible assets using historical and projected data of cash flows as our primary indicator of potential impairment and we take into consideration the seasonality of our business. If the sum of the estimated, undiscounted future cash flows is less than the carrying amount of the asset, then an impairment is recognized for the amount by which the carrying value of the asset exceeds its estimated fair value based on an appraisal or a discounted cash flow calculation. For certain non-income producing properties or for those assets with no consistent historical or projected cash flows, we obtain appraisals or other evidence to evaluate whether there are impairment indicators for these assets.

No impairment losses were recorded for long-lived assets for the year ended December 31, 2023. $1.5 million of impairment losses were recorded against certain cinema assets in the second quarter of the year ended December 31, 2022. No impairment losses were recorded for long-lived and finite-lived intangible assets for the year ended December 31, 2021.

(ii)Impairment of Goodwill and Intangible Assets with indefinite lives –goodwill and intangible assets with indefinite useful lives are not amortized, but instead, tested for impairment at least annually on a reporting unit basis. The impairment evaluation is based on the present value of estimated future cash flows of each reporting unit plus the expected terminal value. There are significant assumptions and estimates used in determining the future cash flows and terminal value. The most significant assumptions include our cost of debt and cost of equity assumptions that comprise the weighted average cost of capital for each reporting unit. Accordingly, actual results could vary materially from such estimates.

No impairment losses were recorded for goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, or 2021.

Tax Valuation Allowance and Deferred Taxes

We record our estimated future tax benefits and liabilities arising from the temporary differences between the tax basis of assets and liabilities and amounts reported in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets, as well as operating loss carryforwards. In evaluating our ability to recover our deferred tax assets in the jurisdiction from which they arise, we consider all available positive and negative evidence, including scheduled reversals of deferred tax liabilities, projected future taxable income, tax planning strategies, and results of recent operations. In projecting future taxable income, we begin with historical results and incorporate assumptions about the amount of future federal, state, and foreign pretax operating income adjusted for items that do not have tax consequences. The assumptions about future taxable income require the use of significant judgment and are consistent with the plans and estimates we are using to manage the underlying businesses. In evaluating the objective evidence that historical results provide, we consider three years of cumulative operating income (loss). As of December 31, 2023, we had recorded approximately $59.4 million of deferred tax assets (net of $50.4 million deferred tax liabilities) related to the temporary differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and amounts reported in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets, as well as operating loss carryforwards and tax credit carryforwards. These deferred tax assets were offset by a valuation allowance of $59.1 million resulting in a net deferred tax asset of $0.3 million. The recoverability of deferred tax assets is dependent upon our ability to generate future taxable income.

Recognition of Gift Card Breakage Income

Generally, our revenue recognition is not assessed as an area requiring significant judgment or estimation. Revenues from ticket and food and beverage sales are recognized when the service is provided – that is when the show has commenced, or the food has been provided. Transaction fees from online sales are recorded at the time of the online transaction. In regard to our real estate business, we execute lease contracts for existing tenancies, but revenue is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

In contrast, recognition of gift card breakage income requires certain estimates and judgements to be made in regarding the pattern of customer behavior at our cinemas. This policy is described in detail in the section Part II, Item 8 – Financial Statements and

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Supplementary Data—Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements-- Note 2 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies – Accounting Changes.

Contingencies

For loss contingencies, we record any loss contingencies when there is a probable likelihood that the liability has been incurred and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated.

For other contingencies,

(i)for recoveries through an insurance claim, we record a recoverable asset (not to exceed the amount of the total losses incurred) only when the collectability of such claim is considered probable. To evaluate the probable collectability of an insurance claim, we consider communications with our insurance company.

(ii)for gain contingencies resulting from legal settlements, we record those settlements in our consolidated statements of operations when cash or other forms of payments are received.

Legal contingencies

From time to time, we are involved with claims and lawsuits arising in the ordinary course of our business that may include contractual obligations, insurance claims, tax claims, employment matters, and anti-trust issues, among other matters. We provide accruals for matters that have probable likelihood of occurrence and can be properly estimated as to their expected negative outcome. We do not record expected gains until the proceeds (either in cash or other forms of payments) are received by us. Please refer to Part II, Item 8 – Financial Statements and Supplementary Data—Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements--Note 14 – Commitments and Contingencies for more information on legal matters.

For a summary of our significant accounting policies, including the critical accounting estimates discussed above, see Part II, Item 8 – Financial Statements and Supplementary Data—Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements--Note 2.

Item 7A – Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosure about Market Risk

The SEC requires that registrants include information about potential effects of changes in currency exchange and interest rates in their Form 10-K filings. Several alternatives, all with some limitations, have been offered. The following discussion is based on a sensitivity analysis, which models the effects of fluctuations in currency exchange rates and interest rates. This analysis is constrained by several factors, including the following:

it is based on a single point in time; and

it does not include the effects of other complex market reactions that would arise from the changes modeled.

Although the results of such an analysis may be useful as a benchmark, they should not be viewed as forecasts.

At December 31, 2023, approximately 36% and 9% of our assets were invested in assets denominated in Australian dollars (Reading Australia) and New Zealand dollars (Reading New Zealand), respectively, including approximately $5.8 million in cash and cash equivalents. At December 31, 2022, approximately 34% and 8% of our assets were invested in assets denominated in Australian and New Zealand dollars, respectively, including approximately ($14.6) million in cash and cash equivalents.

Our policy in Australia and New Zealand is to match revenues and expenses, whenever possible, in local currencies. As a result, we have procured in local currencies a majority of our expenses in Australia and New Zealand. Despite this natural hedge, recent movements in foreign currencies have had an effect on our current earnings. The effect of the translation adjustment on our assets and liabilities noted in our other comprehensive income was a decrease of $0.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2023. As we continue to progress our acquisition and development activities in Australia and New Zealand, no assurances can be given that the foreign currency effect on our earnings will not be material in the future.

Historically, our policy has been to borrow in local currencies to finance the development and construction of our long-term assets in Australia, and New Zealand. As a result, the borrowings in local currencies have provided somewhat of a natural hedge against the foreign currency exchange exposure. Even so, and as a result of our issuance of fully subordinated Trust Preferred Securities in 2007, and their subsequent partial repayment, approximately 17% and 40% of our Australian and New Zealand assets, respectively, remain subject to such exposure, unless we elect to hedge our foreign currency exchange between the U.S. and Australian and New Zealand dollars. If the foreign currency rates were to fluctuate by 10%, the resulting change in Australian and New Zealand assets would result in an increase or decrease of $3.4 million and $1.9 million, respectively, and the change in our net income for the year would be $0.3 million and $0.5 million, respectively. Presently, we have no plans to hedge such exposure.

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With changes in the tax landscape caused by the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017, we may reconsider our strategy for financing operations and redevelopment projects in the three countries we are invested in, which may include increased borrowings from banks in higher-tax countries, and dividends to the U.S. from foreign subsidiaries, being mindful of withholding taxes on interest, and thin capitalization limitations on interest deduction in Australia and New Zealand. However, our ability to adopt such strategies will naturally be limited by our results of operation and the value of our assets in these various jurisdictions.

We record unrealized foreign currency translation gains or losses that could materially affect our financial position. We have accumulated unrealized foreign currency translation losses of approximately ($1.0) million and ($0.7) million as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Historically, we maintained most of our cash and cash equivalent balances in short-term money market instruments with original maturities of three months or less. Due to the short-term nature of such investments, a change of 1% in short-term interest rates would not have a material effect on our financial condition. The negative spread between our borrowing costs and earned interest will exacerbate as we hold cash to provide a safety net to meet our expenses while some of our cinema operations remain closed and some of our tenant income curtailed.

We have a combination of fixed and variable interest rate loans. In connection with our variable interest rate loans, a change of approximately 1% in short-term interest rates would have resulted in approximately $1.6 million increase or decrease in our 2023 interest expense.

For further discussion on market risks, please refer to International Business Risks included in Item 1A –Risk Factors.

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Item 8 – Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

READING INTERNATIONAL, INC.TABLE OF CONTENTS Page

Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting 56

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (PCAOB ID Number 248) 57

Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 58

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 63

Note 1 – Description of Business and Segment Reporting 63

Note 2 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies 64

Note 3 – Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic and Liquidity 73

Note 4 – Earnings (Loss) Per Share 74

Note 5 – Real Estate Transactions 75

Note 6 – Properties and Equipment 78

Note 7 – Leases 79

Note 8 – Investments in Unconsolidated Joint Ventures 81

Note 9 – Goodwill and Intangible Assets 82

Note 10 – Prepaid and Other Assets 83

Note 11 – Income Taxes 83

Note 12 – Borrowings 86

Note 13 – Pension and Other Liabilities 89

Note 14 – Commitments and Contingencies 91

Note 15 – Noncontrolling Interests 92

Note 16 – Share-based Compensation and Repurchase Plans 92

Note 17 – Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income 95

Note 18 – Fair Value Measurements 95

Note 19 – Hedge Accounting 96

Note 20 – Related Parties 97

Note 21 – Subsequent Events 99

Schedule II – Valuation and Qualifying Accounts 100

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MANAGEMENT'S REPORT ON INTERNAL CONTROL OVER FINANCIAL REPORTING

Board of Directors and Stockholders

Reading International, Inc.

Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Securities Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f). Our internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with U.S. GAAP. Because of inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

Management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting based on the criteria established in 2013 Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations (COSO) of the Treadway Commission. Based on this assessment, our management believes that the Company’s internal control over financial reporting is effective as of December 31, 2023.

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REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

Board of Directors and Stockholders

Reading International, Inc.

Opinion on the financial statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Reading International, Inc. and subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income, changes in stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2023, and the related notes and financial statement schedule included under Item 15(a) (collectively referred to as the “financial statements”). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2023, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

Basis for opinion

These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.

Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Critical Audit Matters

Critical audit matters are matters arising from the current period audit of the financial statements that were communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relate to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. We determined that there are no critical audit matters.

/s/ GRANT THORNTON LLP

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2011.

Los Angeles, California

‎March 29, 2024

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READING INTERNATIONAL, INC. and SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2023 and 2022

(U.S. dollars in thousands, except share information)

December 31,

ASSETS

Current Assets:

Derivative financial instruments - current portion — 907

Prepaid and other current assets 2,881 3,804

Asset groups held for sale 11,179 —

Investment and development properties, net 8,789 8,792

Investment in unconsolidated joint ventures 4,756 4,756

Deferred tax assets, net 299 447

LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY

Current Liabilities:

Accounts payable and accrued liabilities $ 43,828 $ 42,590

Subordinated debt - current portion 586 747

Operating lease liabilities - current portion 23,047 23,971

Subordinated debt - non-current portion 27,172 26,950

Operating lease liabilities - non-current portion 180,898 200,037

Commitments and Contingencies

Stockholders’ Equity:

Class B voting common shares, par value $0.01, 20,000,000 shares authorized and

or outstanding shares at December 31, 2023 and 2022 — —

Retained earnings (accumulated deficit) (79,489) (48,816)

Accumulated other comprehensive income (2,673) (1,957)

Total Reading International, Inc. ("RDI") Stockholders’ Equity 33,087 62,856

Noncontrolling Interests (91) 423

Total Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity $ 533,051 $ 587,055

The accompanying Notes are an integral part of the Consolidated Financial Statements.

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READING INTERNATIONAL, INC. and SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Three Years Ended December 31, 2023

(U.S. dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)

Revenues

Costs and expenses

Impairment of long-lived assets — (1,549) —

Equity earnings of unconsolidated joint ventures 456 271 258

Basic earnings (loss) per share $ (1.38) $ (1.64) $ 1.46

Diluted earnings (loss) per share $ (1.38) $ (1.64) $ 1.42

The accompanying Notes are an integral part of the Consolidated Financial Statements.

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READING INTERNATIONAL, INC. and SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the Three Years Ended December 31, 2023

(U.S. dollars in thousands)

Foreign currency translation gain (loss) (290) (7,543) (8,123)

The accompanying Notes are an integral part of the Consolidated Financial Statements.

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READING INTERNATIONAL, INC. and SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity for the Three Years Ended December 31, 2023

(In thousands)

Common Shares Retained Accumulated Reading

Other comprehensive income, net — — — — — — — (7,620) (7,620) 1 (7,619)

Share-based compensation expense — — — — 2,152 — — — 2,152 — 2,152

Contributions from noncontrolling stockholders — — — — — — — — — 3 3

Distributions to noncontrolling stockholders — — — — — — — — — (5,315) (5,315)

Other comprehensive income, net — — — — — — — (6,839) (6,839) (4) (6,843)

Share-based compensation expense — — — — 1,888 — — — 1,888 — 1,888

Restricted Stock Units 150 2 — — (85) — — — (83) — (83)

Contributions from noncontrolling stockholders — — — — — — — — — 4 4

Distributions to noncontrolling stockholders — — — — — — — — — (87) (87)

Other comprehensive income, net — — — — — — — (716) (716) (1) (717)

Share-based compensation expense — — — — 1,864 — — — 1,864 — 1,864

The accompanying Notes are an integral part of the Consolidated Financial Statements.

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READING INTERNATIONAL, INC. and SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Three Years Ended December 31, 2023

(U.S. dollars in thousands)

Operating Activities

Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash flows from operating activities:

Equity earnings of unconsolidated joint ventures (456) (271) (258)

Distributions of earnings from unconsolidated joint ventures 465 278 —

Gain recognized on foreign currency transactions 10 (3,338) (2,085)

Net loss (gain) on sale of assets (562) 54 (92,219)

Amortization of finance leases 25 38 49

Interest on hedged derivatives — — (56)

Purchase of derivative instruments — (86) (62)

Impairment of long-lived assets — 1,549 —

Net changes in operating assets and liabilities:

Payments for accrued pension (683) (683) (683)

Deferred revenue and other liabilities (930) (889) (3,368)

Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities (9,735) (26,351) (13,498)

Investing Activities

Contributions to unconsolidated joint ventures — (95) —

Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities (2,699) (9,486) 129,610

Financing Activities

Repayment of finance lease principal (28) (40) (49)

Proceeds (payments) from stock option exercises (244) (83) (148)

Noncontrolling interest contributions — 4 3

Noncontrolling interest distributions — (87) (5,315)

Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities (6,667) (16,557) (50,280)

Effect of exchange rate on cash and restricted cash (437) (1,198) (4,095)

Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash consists of:

Supplemental Disclosures

Non-Cash Transactions

The accompanying Notes are an integral part of the Consolidated Financial Statements.

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READING INTERNATIONAL, INC. and SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

As of and for Three Years Ended December 31, 2023

________________________________________________________________________________________________________

NOTE 1 – DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS AND SEGMENT REPORTING

The Company

Reading International, Inc., a Nevada corporation (“RDI” and collectively with our consolidated subsidiaries and corporate predecessors, the “Company,” “Reading,” and “we,” “us,” or “our”), was incorporated in 1999. Our businesses consist primarily of:

the development, ownership, and operation, of cinemas in the United States, Australia, and New Zealand; and,

the development, ownership, operation and/or rental of retail, commercial and live venue real estate assets in Australia, New Zealand, and the United States.

Business Segments

Our business is comprised of two operating segments, as follows: (i) cinema exhibition and (ii) real estate. Each of these segments has discrete and separate financial information and for which operating results are evaluated regularly by our Chief Executive Officer, the chief operating decision-maker of the Company. As part of our real estate activities, we have historically held undeveloped land in urban and suburban centers in the United States, Australia, and New Zealand. However, in 2021, and 2023, we monetized certain raw landholdings and other real estate assets as detailed at Note 5 – Real Estate Transactions.

The tables below summarize the results of operations for each of our business segments. Operating expense includes costs associated with the day-to-day operations of the cinemas and the management of rental properties, including our live theatre assets.

Operating expense

Impairment of long-lived assets — — — (1,549) — (1,549) — — —

(1)Inter-segment Revenues and Operating Expense relates to the internal charge between the two segments where the cinema operates within real estate owned within the group.

A reconciliation of segment operating income to income before income taxes is as follows:

Unallocated corporate expense:

Depreciation and amortization expense (711) (1,072) (1,232)

Equity earnings (loss) of unconsolidated joint ventures 456 271 258

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Assuming cash and cash equivalents are accounted for as corporate assets, total assets by business segment and by country are presented as follows:

December 31,

By segment:

By country:

(1)Corporate Assets includes cash and cash equivalents of $12.9 million and $29.9 million as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.