QMCO US Equity☆

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

Before investing in any of our securities, you should carefully consider the risks and uncertainties described below, together with all other information in this Annual Report. The risks and uncertainties described below could materially and adversely affect our business, operating results, revenue, financial condition, liquidity, market share or competitive position, and consequently, the value of our securities.

Risks Related to Our Supply Chain, Customers and Sales Strategy

Cost increases, supply disruptions, or raw material shortages, including in single source components, could harm our business.

We have and may continue to experience cost increases or supply interruptions in raw materials and components necessary for our products, as well as increased freight charges and reduced capacity from our freight forwarders.Any such increases or interruptions could materially negatively impact our business, prospects, financial condition and operating results, including delays in manufacturing and shipments of our products and in some cases, result in canceled orders.While we have implemented price increases intended to offset rising costs, we cannot provide assurance that these increases will have the desired effects on our business model in the expected timeframe.

We outsource our component supply, manufacturing, and service repair operations to third parties. Our business, financial condition, and operating results could face material adverse impacts if we cannot obtain parts, products, and services in a cost effective and timely manner that meets our customers’ expectations.

Many aspects of our supply chain and operational results are dependent on the performance of third-party business partners, including contract manufacturers, service providers, and product integrators. We face a number of risks as a result of these relationships, any or all of which could have a material adverse effect on our business and harm our operating results and financial condition.

Sole source of product supply

In many cases, our business partners are the sole source of supply for the products or parts they manufacture, or the services they provide to us, and we do not have executed long-term purchase agreements with these partners. Our reliance on a limited number of suppliers and the lack of any guaranteed sources of supply exposes us to several risks, including:

•the inability to obtain an adequate supply of key components;

•the inability to control delivery schedules;

•price volatility for the components of our products;

•failure of a supplier to meet our quality or production requirements;

•failure of a supplier of key components to remain in business or adjust to market conditions; and

•consolidation among suppliers, resulting in some suppliers exiting the industry, discontinuing the manufacture of components or increasing the price of components.

We cannot assure investors that we will be able to obtain a sufficient supply of these key components or that their costs will not increase. If our component supply is disrupted or delayed, or if we need to replace our existing suppliers or redesign a product to accept different components, we cannot guarantee that additional components will be available when required, on terms that are favorable to us, or at reasonable prices, which could extend our lead times and increase our component costs.

Cost and purchase commitments and processes

We may not be able to control the costs of products or services we obtain from our business partners. We provide a customer demand forecast used to procure inventory to build our products. We could be responsible for the financial impact from any forecast reduction or product mix shift relative to materials already purchased under a prior

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forecast, including the cost of finished goods in excess of current customer demand or for excess or obsolete inventory.

In some cases, we may retain the responsibility to purchase component inventory to support third-party manufacturing activities, which presents a number of risks that could materially and adversely affect our financial condition. For instance, as part of our component planning, we may place orders with or pay certain suppliers for components in advance of receiving customer purchase orders. We may occasionally enter into large orders with vendors to ensure that we have sufficient components for our products to meet anticipated customer demand. It is possible that we could experience a design or manufacturing flaw that could delay or even prevent the production of the components for which we previously committed to pay.

In addition, in order to reduce manufacturing lead times and plan for adequate component supply, from time to time we may issue non-cancelable and non-returnable component or product orders. Our inventory management systems and related supply chain visibility tools may be inadequate to enable us to make accurate forecasts and effectively manage our component and product supply. If we ultimately determine that we have excess supply, we may have to reduce our prices and write down or write off excess or obsolete inventory. Alternatively, insufficient supply levels may lead to shortages resulting in delayed or lost revenue or reduced product margins.We could experience operating losses based on any of these conditions.

We also maintain service parts inventories to satisfy future warranty obligations and to earn service revenue by providing enhanced and extended technical support and product service during and beyond the warranty period. We estimate service parts inventory needs based on historical usage and forecasts of future warranty and service contract requirements, including estimates of failure rates, costs to repair, and out of warranty revenue. Given the significant levels of judgment inherently involved in the process, we cannot provide assurance that we will be able to maintain service parts inventories appropriate to satisfy customer needs or to avoid inventory purchases that later prove to be unnecessary. If we are unable to maintain appropriate levels of service parts inventories, our business, financial condition and results of operations may be materially and adversely impacted.

Although we have contracts for most of our third-party repair service vendors, the contract period may not be the same as the underlying customer service contract. In such cases, we face risks that the third-party service provider may increase the cost of providing services in later periods already under contract to our customers at a fixed price.

Financial condition and stability

Our third-party business partners may suffer adverse financial or operating results or be negatively impacted by economic conditions. We may face interrupted component, product, or service supply as a result of financial or other volatility affecting our supply chain. As a result, we could suffer production downtime or increased costs to procure alternate products or services.

Quality and supplier conduct

We have limited control over the quality of products and components produced and services provided by our third-party business partners and their supply chains. The quality of the products, parts or services may not be acceptable to our customers and could result in customer dissatisfaction, lost revenue, and increased warranty costs. In addition, we have limited control over the manner in which our business partners conduct their business. We may face negative consequences or publicity as a result of a third-party’s failure to comply with applicable compliance, trade, environmental, or employment regulations.

As a result of our global manufacturing and sales operations, we are subject to a variety of risks related to our business outside of the U.S., any of which could, individually or in the aggregate, have a material adverse effect on our business.

A significant portion of our manufacturing, sales, and supply chain operations occur in countries other than the U.S. We utilize third-party business partners to engineer, produce, sell, and fulfill orders for our products, several of which have operations located in foreign countries including China, Hungary, India, Japan, Malaysia, Singapore, Mexico, the Philippines, Thailand, and Ukraine. Because of these operations, we are subject to a number of risks in addition to those already described, including:

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•increasing import and export duties and value-added taxes, or trade regulation changes that could erode our profit margins or delay or restrict our ability to transport our products;

•war, military conflict, and geopolitical unrest, including the Russia-Ukraine and Hamas-Israel conflicts, may affect our engineering and support teams outside the U.S. and their ability to perform as well as our sales and services delivery with sanctioned entities and countries;

•reduced or limited protection of our intellectual property;

•difficulty complying with multiple and potentially conflicting regulatory requirements and practices, including laws governing corporate conduct outside the U.S., such as the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, United Kingdom Bribery Act, and similar regulations;

•commercial laws that favor local businesses and cultural differences that affect how we conduct business;

•differing technology standards or customer requirements;

•exposure to economic uncertainty and fluctuations including inflation, adverse movement of foreign currencies against the U.S. dollar (the currency in which we report our results), restrictions on transferring funds between countries, and continuing sovereign debt risks;

•fluctuations in freight costs, limitations on shipping and receiving capacity, and other disruptions in the transportation and shipping infrastructure at important geographic points for our products and shipments;

•inflexible employee contracts and employment laws that may make it difficult to terminate or change the compensation structure for employees in the event of business downturns;

•difficulties attracting and recruiting employees and wage inflation in highly competitive markets;

•political instability, military, social and infrastructure risks, especially in emerging or developing economies;

•political or nationalist sentiment impacting global trade, including the willingness of non-U.S. consumers to purchase goods or services from U.S. corporations;

•natural disasters, including earthquakes, flooding, typhoons and tsunamis; and

•pandemics and epidemics, and varying and potentially inconsistent governmental restrictions on the operation of businesses, travel and other restrictions.

Any or all of these risks could have a material adverse effect on our business.

We rely on indirect sales channels to market and sell our branded products. The loss of or deterioration in our relationship with one or more of our resellers or distributors, or our inability to establish new indirect sales channels to drive growth of our branded revenue, could negatively affect our operating results.

We sell most of our branded products to distributors, value added resellers, and direct market resellers, who in turn sell our products to end users. We use different distribution channel partners in different countries and regions in the world. The success of these sales channels is hard to predict, particularly over time, and we have no purchase commitments or long-term orders from them that assure us of any baseline sales. Several of our channel partners carry competing product lines they may promote over ours. A channel partner might discontinue our products or fail to effectively market them, and each partner determines the type and amount of our products that it will purchase and the price at which it sells to end users. Establishing new indirect sales channels is an important part of our strategy to drive growth of our branded revenue.Our results of operations could be adversely affected by any number of factors related to our channel partners, including:

•a change in competitive strategy that adversely affects a partner’s willingness or ability to distribute our products;

•the reduction, delay, or cancellation of orders or the return of significant products volume;

•our inability to gain traction in developing new indirect sales channels for our branded products, or the loss of one or more existing partners; or

•changes in requirements or programs that allow our products to be sold by third parties to government or other customers.

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Because we rely heavily on channel partners to market and sell our products, if one or more of them were to experience a significant deterioration in its financial condition or its relationship with us, this could disrupt our product distribution and reduce our revenue, which could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, and operating results.

We heavily utilize channel partners to perform the functions necessary to market and sell our products in certain product and geographic segments. To fulfill this role, partners must maintain an acceptable level of financial stability, creditworthiness, and the ability to successfully manage business relationships with the customers they serve directly. If partners are unable to perform in an acceptable manner, we may be required to reduce sales to the partner or terminate the relationship. We may also incur financial losses for product returns from partners or for the failure or refusal of distributors to pay obligations owed to us. Either scenario could result in fewer of our products being available to the affected market segments, reduced levels of customer satisfaction and increased expenses, which could in turn have a material and adverse impact on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

A certain percentage of our sales are to a few customers, some of which are also competitors, and these customers generally have no minimum or long-term purchase commitments. The loss of, or a significant reduction in demand from, one or more key customers could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Our product sales have been and continue to be concentrated among a small number of channel partners, direct end-users, and original equipment manufacturers. We sell to many end-user customers and channel partners on purchase orders, not under the terms of a binding long-term procurement agreement. Accordingly, they generally are not obligated to purchase any minimum product volume, and our relationships with them are terminable at will. In addition, recently we have focused our direct-sales business on the largest users of hierarchical storage architectures, the so-called “hyperscalers”; there are very few of these extremely large storage customers, but their order activity has a significant impact on our results from quarter to quarter.

Some of our tape and disk products are incorporated into larger storage systems or solutions that are marketed and sold to end users by third parties. Because of this, we may have limited market access to those end users, limiting our ability to influence and forecast their future purchasing decisions. In addition, revenue from OEM customers has decreased in recent years. Certain of our large OEM customers are also our competitors, and could decide to reduce or terminate purchasing our products for competitive reasons.

In addition, our sales efforts may involve long sales cycles during which we incur expenses to educate our customers about product use and benefits and support customer-driven product evaluations.These cycles may make it difficult for us to predict when, or if, future sales will occur.

During the fiscal year ended March 31, 2024, no customer represented 10% or more of our total revenue compared to the fiscal year ended March 31, 2023, when we had one customer represent 10% or more of our total revenue. If any of our large customers should significantly decrease or stop purchasing our solutions, we would see a significant reduction in revenue that may result in a material adverse effect on our operating results.

The U.S. federal government is an important customer, and our business may be materially and adversely harmed by changes in government purchasing activity.

A portion of our sales are to various agencies and departments of the U.S. federal government, and federal spending funding cuts and temporary government shutdowns have previously impacted and may continue to impact our revenue in the future. Future spending cuts by the U.S. federal government, temporary shutdowns of the U.S. federal government, or changes in its procurement processes or criteria could decrease our sales to the federal government and materially and adversely affect our operating results.In addition, changes in government certification requirements applicable to our products could impact our ability to sell to U.S. federal customers.

Risks Related to Our Operating Results, Financial Condition, or Stock Price

We continue to face risks related to inflation, economic uncertainty, and slow economic growth.

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Uncertainty about economic conditions poses risks as businesses may further reduce or postpone spending in response to reduced budgets, tightening of credit markets, increases in inflation and interest rates, negative financial news, and declines in income or asset values which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and operating results. Recent inflationary increases have driven up the prices at which we are able to purchase necessary components, products, and services, as well as the cost of contract labor. In addition, we continue to face risks related to uncertain tariff levels between countries where our products are manufactured and sold, unstable political and economic conditions, including the war between Russia and Ukraine and the Hamas-Israel conflict, and concerns about sovereign debt, which could negatively impact the U.S. and global economies and adversely affect our financial results. In addition, our ability to access capital markets may be restricted or result in unfavorable financing terms, impacting our ability to react to changing economic and business conditions and could also materially and adversely affect our ability to sustain our operations at their current levels.

Our stock price has experienced significant volatility in the past, and continued volatility may cause our common stock trading price to remain volatile or decline.

Our stock price has been extremely volatile in the past.The trading price of our common stock may continue to fluctuate in response to a number of events and factors, many of which may be beyond our control, such as:

•quarterly variations in our operating results;

•failure to meet our financial guidance or the expectations of securities analysts and investors;

•new products, services, innovations, strategic developments, or business combinations and investments by our competitors or us;

•changes in our capital structure, including incurring new debt, issuing additional debt or equity to the public, and issuing common stock upon exercise of our outstanding warrants or subscribing to our recent rights offering;

•large or sudden purchases or sales of stock by investors;

•changes in interest and exchange rates;

•market volatility resulting from a public health emergency;

•a continued widespread decline in the U.S. or global economy as a result of the impact of COVID-19, supply chain constraints, or other factors;

•fluctuations in the stock market in general and market prices for technology companies in particular;

•tariffs imposed by the U.S. government on sales originating in or being shipped to countries with which we have on-going trade or other political conflicts;

•investigations or enforcement actions related to a potential or actual failure to comply with applicable regulations;

•costs of new or ongoing commercial litigation; and

•significant changes in our brand or reputation.

Any of these events and factors may cause our stock price to rise or fall and may adversely affect our business and financing opportunities.

We are not in compliance with the Nasdaq Global Market’s continued listing standards, and if we do not regain compliance, we will be delisted from Nasdaq.

The listing of our common stock on the Nasdaq Global Market is contingent on our compliance with the Nasdaq Global Market’s rules for continued listing. On September 20, 2023, we received a deficiency notice from the Nasdaq Listing Qualifications Department (the “Nasdaq Staff”) notifying us that we were not in compliance with Nasdaq’s minimum closing bid price requirement of $1.00 per share for 30 consecutive business days, as set forth in Nasdaq Listing Rule 5450(a)(1) (the “Minimum Bid Price Requirement”). We did not regain compliance with the Minimum Bid Price Requirement within 180 days from the initial deficiency notice, and on March 19, 2024, we were notified by the Nasdaq Staff that we would be delisted unless we timely request a hearing before a Nasdaq hearings panel (the “Panel”).

We were also notified on November 14, 2023 and February 13, 2024 that we were not in compliance with Nasdaq Listing Rule 5250(c)(1) (the “Filings Requirement”) as a result of our failure to timely file the Quarterly Reports on

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Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarters ended September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2023. The Nasdaq Staff initially provided us until May 7, 2024 to regain compliance with the Filings Requirement.

On May 14, 2024, we had a hearing before the Panel to address the deficiencies in complying with the Minimum Bid Price Requirement and the Filings Requirement and to present a plan to regain compliance. The hearing and stay request with respect to the Minimum Bid Price Requirement and the Filings Requirement stayed any further action by the Nasdaq Staff pending a written decision from the Panel and our common stock remains listed and eligible for trading on the Nasdaq Global Market.

On June 6, 2024, the Panel issued a ruling granting us an extension period for (i) the Minimum Bid Price Requirement until September 16, 2024 and (ii) the Filings Requirement until July 1, 2024. As a result of the filing of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, which includes the financial statements and other information required in the Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarters ended December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2023, we have complied with the Filings Requirement. In addition, we plan to comply with the Minimum Bid Price Requirement by the extension period by effecting a reverse stock split of our common stock by such date.

While we expect to regain compliance with the Minimum Bid Price Requirement within the granted extension period, there can be no guarantee that we will regain compliance by such date. If we do not regain compliance with the Minimum Bid Price Requirement within the extension period, we will be delisted from Nasdaq. Furthermore, there can be no assurance that we will maintain compliance with the other Nasdaq listing requirements.

We may be unable to attract and retain key talent necessary to effectively meet our business objectives.

The market for skilled engineering, sales, and administrative talent is competitive and we have seen delays in recruiting and hiring timeframes. We believe our ability to recruit and hire new talent, and retain existing key personnel, may be negatively impacted by prior and ongoing fluctuations in our operating results, stock price, and ability to offer competitive benefits and total compensation programs.Our business results may be harmed if we are unable to attract and retain key talent in the future.

Our quarterly operating results have fluctuated significantly, and past results should not be used to predict future performance.

Our quarterly operating results have fluctuated significantly in the past and could fluctuate significantly in the future. As a result, our quarterly operating results should not be used to predict future performance. Quarterly results could be materially and adversely affected by a number of factors, including, but not limited to:

•IT spending fluctuations resulting from economic conditions or changes in U.S. federal government spending;

•supply chain constraints or other failures by our contract manufacturers to complete shipments in a timely manner;

•new product announcements by us or our competitors which may cause purchasing delays or cancellations;

•customers canceling, reducing, deferring, or rescheduling significant orders as a result of excess inventory levels, weak economic conditions, reduced demand, or other factors;

•seasonality, including customer and government fiscal year-ends and budget availability impacting demand for our products;

•reduced demand, declines in large orders, royalty, or software revenues, or other changes in product mix;

•product development and ramp cycle delays or product performance or quality issues;

•poor execution of and performance against expected sales and marketing plans and strategies;

•increased competition which may, among other things, increase pricing pressure or reduce sales;

•restructuring actions or unexpected costs; and

•foreign currency exchange fluctuations.

Our operating results depend on continuing and increasing market acceptance of our existing products and on new product introductions, which may be unsuccessful, in which case our business, financial condition and results of operations may be materially and adversely affected.

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A limited number of products comprise a significant majority of our sales, and due to rapid technological change in our industry, our future operating results depend on our ability to improve existing products and develop and successfully introduce new products. We have devoted and expect to continue to devote considerable management and financial resources to these efforts.

When we introduce new products to the market, they may not achieve market acceptance or significant market share.In addition, the target markets for our new products may not continue or grow as we anticipate.Our new products may not be successfully or timely qualified by new customers, and if they are qualified, we may not achieve high volume production in a timely manner, if at all.In addition, we may experience technical, quality, performance-related, or other difficulties that could prevent or delay the introduction and market acceptance of new products.

If we are not successful in timely completing our new product qualifications and ramping sales to our key customers, our revenue and operating results could be adversely impacted. In addition, if the quality of our products is not acceptable to our customers, customer dissatisfaction, lost revenue, and increased warranty and repair costs could result.

We derive significant revenue from products incorporating tape technology. Our future operating results depend in part on continued market acceptance and use of tape products; in the past, decreases in the tape products market have materially and adversely impacted our business, financial condition and operating results.

We currently derive significant revenue from products that incorporate some form of tape technology, and we expect to continue to do so in the next several years. As a result, our future operating results depend in part on continued market acceptance and use of tape products. Decreased market acceptance or use of products employing tape technology has materially and adversely impacted our business, financial condition, and operating results, and we expect that our revenues from certain types of tape products could continue to decline in the future.

Disk, solid-state, and flash storage products, as well as various software solutions and alternative technologies have eroded the demand for tape products. We expect that, over time, many of our tape customers could migrate toward these other products and solutions and their proportionate contribution to our revenue will increase in the future. While we are making targeted investments in software, disk backup and flash storage systems, and other alternative technologies, these markets are characterized by rapid innovation, evolving customer demands, and strong competition, including competition with companies who are also significant customers. If we are not successful in our efforts, we may not be able to attract or retain customers, and our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected.

A significant decline in our media royalty or branded software revenues could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and operating results.

Our media royalties and branded software revenues generate relatively greater profit margins than some of our other products and can significantly impact our overall profitability. We receive media royalty revenue based on tape media cartridges sold by various tape media manufacturers and resellers. Under our patent and technology license agreements with these companies, each of the licensees determines the pricing and number of units of tape media cartridges that it sells. Our media royalty revenue varies based on the licensees’ media sales and other factors, including:

•our customers’ continued use of storage tape media, including the size of the installed base of devices and similar products that use tape media cartridges;

•the relative growth in units of newer device products, since the associated media cartridges for newer products typically sell at higher prices compared with the media cartridges associated with older products;

•media consumption habits and rates of end users and pattern of device retirements;

•the level of channel inventories; and

•agreement on standards for newer generations of the tape media that generates our royalty revenue.

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Risks Related to Our Indebtedness

We have significant indebtedness, which imposes upon us debt service obligations, and our term loan and revolving credit facilities contain various operating and financial covenants that limit our discretion in operating our business. If we are unable to generate sufficient cash flows from operations and overall operating results to meet these debt obligations or remain in compliance with the covenants, our business, financial condition and operating results could be materially and adversely affected.

Our level of indebtedness presents significant risks to our business and investors, both in terms of the constraints that it places on our ability to operate our business and because of the possibility that we may not generate sufficient cash and operating results to remain in compliance with our covenants and pay the principal and interest on our indebtedness as it becomes due. As recently as March 2024, we were in danger of failing to meet certain financial covenants in our debt agreements, which could have resulted in a default under these agreements if we had not obtained a waiver of noncompliance from our lenders. For further description of our outstanding debt, see the section captioned “Liquidity and Capital Resources” in Part II, Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

As a result of our indebtedness:

•Our ability to invest in growing our business is constrained by the financial covenants contained in our credit facilities, which require us to maintain certain maximum total net leverage ratio levels, a minimum fixed charge coverage ratio, and liquidity levels and restrict our ability to:

▪Incur debt and liens;

▪Acquire businesses or entities or sell certain assets;

▪Make investments, including loans, guarantees, and advances;

▪Engage in transactions with affiliates;

▪Pay dividends or repurchase stock; and

▪Enter into certain restrictive agreements;

•We must dedicate a significant portion of our cash flow from operations and other capital resources to debt service, thereby reducing our ability to fund working capital, capital expenditures, research and development, mergers and acquisitions, and other cash-based activities, all of which may place us at a competitive disadvantage;

•If we are not able to generate sufficient cash flows to meet our substantial debt service obligations or to fund our other liquidity needs, we may have to take actions such as selling assets or raising additional equity or reducing or delaying capital expenditures, strategic acquisitions, investments and joint ventures, restructuring our debt and other capital-intensive activities;

•We are subject to mandatory field audits and control of cash receipts by the lenders if we do not maintain liquidity above certain thresholds;

•We may be more vulnerable to adverse economic and industry conditions;

•We may not be able to fund future working capital, capital investments and other business activities; and

•We may be unable to make payments on other indebtedness or obligations.

Our ability to make scheduled payments of the principal, to pay interest on, or refinance our debt, or to make cash payments in connection with our credit facilities, depends on our future performance, which is subject to economic, financial, competitive and other factors beyond our control. Further, as our debt reaches maturity, we will be required to make large cash payments or adopt one or more alternatives, such as restructuring indebtedness or obtaining additional debt or equity financing on terms that may be onerous or highly dilutive. Our ability to restructure or refinance our debt will depend on the capital markets and our financial condition at such time. We may be unable to incur additional debt or refinance our existing debt on acceptable terms, if at all, which could result in a default on our debt obligations.

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Our credit facilities are collateralized by a pledge of all our assets. If we were to default and be unable to cure it within any applicable grace periods or obtain a waiver of such default, the lenders would have a right to foreclose on our assets to satisfy our obligations under these agreements. Any such action on the part of the lenders could have a materially adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

In connection with entering into our prior credit facilities and certain amendments to our prior credit facilities, we were required to issue to our lenders thereunder, certain warrants to purchase our common stock. When exercised, these warrants will result in significant dilution to our stockholders. As a result, the issuance of common stock upon the exercise of our outstanding warrants may cause our stock price to decline.

We must maintain compliance with the terms of our existing credit facilities or receive a waiver for any non-compliance. The failure to do so could have a material adverse effect on our ability to finance our ongoing operations and we may not be able to find an alternative lending source if a default occurs.

In March 2024, we fell out of compliance with certain financial covenants in our credit agreements, which would have resulted in default had we not received a waiver of noncompliance from our lenders. Our credit agreements contain negative covenants and customary events of default provisions, including for payment default, covenant default, cross default to other material indebtedness, and judgment default. Each of these limitations are subject to certain liquidity levels, thresholds, or grace periods. In addition, the credit agreement contains affirmative covenants, including certain financial covenants that require us to maintain minimum fixed charge coverage ratios. The applicable interest rate on the facility may increase if our total leverage ratio increases to specified amounts that would result in our interest expenses rising.

These covenants could materially adversely affect our ability to finance our future operations or capital needs. Furthermore, they may restrict our ability to expand and pursue our business strategies and otherwise conduct our business. There are no assurances that we can continue to maintain compliance with these covenants. Our ability to comply with these covenants may be affected by circumstances and events beyond our control, such as prevailing economic conditions and changes in regulations. The restrictions limit our ability to obtain future financings or to withstand a future downturn in our business or the economy in general, which may affect our ability to make the payments required of us under the waiver. Complying with these covenants may also cause us to take actions that may make it more difficult for us to successfully execute our business strategy and compete against companies that are not subject to such restrictions.

If we do not maintain compliance with all of the continuing covenants imposed by the credit agreements and other terms and conditions of the credit facility, we could be required to repay outstanding borrowings on an accelerated basis, which could subject us to decreased liquidity and other negative impacts on our business, results of operations and financial condition. There is no assurance that we will be able to negotiate an amendment that will provide for modified financial covenant levels that we can satisfy, or that we will be able to obtain an additional waiver to the credit agreement in the case of future events of default (including but not limited to those related to financial covenants). Any additional amendment or waiver will likely require concessions from the Company, such as prepayments, the imposition of other covenants or restrictions, limitations on future borrowing, or the payment of lender expenses. Furthermore, if the debt is accelerated, we may not be able to make all of the required payments or borrow sufficient funds to refinance such debt. Even if new financing were available at such time, it may not be on terms that are acceptable to us or as favorable to us as our current agreements. Without a sufficient credit facility, we would be adversely affected by a lack of access to liquidity needed to operate our business.

Risks Related to Our Business and Industry

If we do not successfully manage the changes that we have made and may continue to make to our business model, infrastructure, and management, our business could be disrupted, and that could adversely impact our operating results and financial condition.

Managing change is an important focus for us. In recent years, we have implemented several significant initiatives involving our sales and marketing, product engineering, and operations organizations, aimed at transitioning our revenue model from discrete hardware sales to recurring software revenue, increasing our efficiency, and better aligning internal operations with our corporate strategy. In addition, we have reduced headcount to streamline and consolidate our supporting functions as appropriate following recent acquisitions and in response to market or competitive conditions, and have increased our reliance on certain third-party business relationships. If we are

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unable to successfully manage the changes that we implement and detect and address issues as they arise, our business could be disrupted, and our results of operations and financial condition could be materially and adversely impacted.

In addition, given that we are relatively new to offering products and services on a subscription basis, and those models in the storage industry continue to evolve, we may not be able to effectively compete, drive expected revenue and margin growth, or obtain profitability for the foreseeable future.Demand for subscription-based products could also erode one-time sales of our hardware products that might not be immediately offset by increased recurring revenue.

We have taken considerable steps towards reducing our cost structure. The steps we have taken may not reduce our cost structure to a level appropriate in relation to our future sales and therefore, these cost reductions may be insufficient to achieve profitability.

In the last several years, we have recorded significant restructuring charges and made cash payments to reduce our cost of sales and operating expenses to respond to adverse economic and industry conditions, to execute strategic management decisions, and to rationalize our operations following acquisitions. These restructuring plans may result in decreases to our revenues or adversely affect our ability to grow our business in the future. Workforce reductions may also adversely affect employee morale and our ability to retain our employees. We may take future steps to further reduce our operating costs, including additional restructurings in response to strategic decisions, increased operating and product costs due to inflation, supply chain constraints, and other external factors, adverse changes in our business or industry, or future acquisitions. We may be unable to reduce our cost of sales and operating expenses at a rate and to a level appropriate in relation to our future sales, which may materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

In addition, our ability to achieve the anticipated cost savings and other benefits from these restructuring plans within the expected time frame is subject to many estimates and assumptions which may be adversely impacted by significant economic, competitive and other uncertainties, some of which are beyond our control. If these estimates and assumptions are incorrect, if we experience delays, or if other unforeseen events occur, our business, financial condition, and operating results could be adversely affected.

The failure to successfully integrate future acquired businesses, products or technologies could harm our business, financial condition, and operating results.

As a part of our business strategy, we have in the past and may make acquisitions in the future. We may also make significant investments in complementary companies, products or technologies. If we fail to successfully integrate such acquisitions or significant investments, it could harm our business, financial condition, and operating results. Risks that we may face in our efforts to integrate any recent or future acquisitions include, among others:

•failure to realize anticipated synergies or return on investment from the acquisition;

•difficulties assimilating and retaining employees, business culture incompatibility, or resistance to change;

•diverting management’s attention from ongoing business concerns;

•coordinating geographically separate organizations and infrastructure operations in a rapid and efficient manner;

•the potential inability to maximize our financial and strategic position through the successful incorporation of acquired technology and rights into our products and services;

•failure of acquired technology or products to provide anticipated revenue or margin contribution;

•insufficient revenues to offset increased expenses associated with the acquisition;

•costs and delays in implementing or integrating common systems and procedures;

•reduction or loss of customer orders due to the potential for market confusion, hesitation and delay;

•impairment of existing customer, supplier and strategic relationships of either company;

•insufficient cash flows from operations to fund the working capital and investment requirements;

•difficulties in entering markets in which we have no or limited direct prior experience and where competitors in such markets have stronger market positions;

•dissatisfaction or performance problems with the acquired company;

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•the assumption of risks, unknown liabilities, or other unanticipated adverse circumstances of the acquired company that are difficult to quantify; and

•the cost associated with the acquisition, including restructuring actions, which may require cash payments that, if large enough, could materially and adversely affect our liquidity.

A cybersecurity breach could adversely affect our ability to conduct our business, harm our reputation, expose us to significant liability, or otherwise damage our financial results.

We maintain sensitive data related to our employees, strategic partners, and customers, including personally identifiable information, intellectual property, and proprietary business information on our own systems. In addition, many of our customers and partners store sensitive data on our products.

It is critical to our business that our employees’, strategic partners’ and customers’ sensitive information remains and is perceived as secure. While we employ sophisticated security measures in our own environment and our product features, we may face internal and external threats including unauthorized access, ransomware attacks, security breaches, and other system disruptions. A cybersecurity breach of our own IT infrastructure or products sold to our customers could result in unauthorized access to, loss of, or unauthorized disclosure of such information and expose us to litigation, indemnity obligations, government investigations, and other possible liabilities. Additionally, a cyber-attack, whether actual or perceived, could result in negative publicity which could harm our reputation and reduce our customers’ confidence in the effectiveness of our solutions, which could materially and adversely affect our business and operating results. A breach could also expose us to increased costs from remediation, disruption of operations, or increased cybersecurity protection costs that may have a material adverse effect on our business. Although we maintain cybersecurity liability insurance, our insurance may not cover all or any portion of claims of these types or may not be adequate to indemnify us for inability that may be imposed. Any imposition or liability or litigation costs that are not covered by insurance could harm our business.

If our products fail to meet our or our customers’ specifications for quality and reliability, we may face liability and reputational or financial harm which may adversely impact our operating results and our competitive position may suffer.

We may from time to time experience problems with the performance of our products, which could result in one or more of the following:

•increased costs related to fulfilling our warranty obligations;

•reduced, delayed, or cancelled orders or the return of a significant amount of products; or

•the loss of reputation in the market and customer goodwill.

These factors could cause our business, financial condition and results of operations to be materially and adversely affected.

In addition, we face potential liability for product performance problems because our end users employ our technologies to store and backup important data and to satisfy regulatory requirements. Loss of this data could cost our customers significant amounts of money, directly and indirectly as a result of lost revenues, intellectual property, proprietary business information, or other harm to their business. In some cases, the failure of our products may be caused by third-party technology that we incorporate into them.Even if failures are caused by third-party technology, we may be required to expend resources to address the failure and preserve customer relationships. We could also potentially face claims for product liability from our customers if our products cause property damage or bodily injury. Although there are limitations of liability in our commercial agreements and we maintain technology errors and omissions liability and general liability insurance, our insurance may not cover potential claims of these types or may not be adequate to indemnify us for all liability that may be imposed. Any imposition of liability or litigation costs that are not covered by insurance or could harm our business.

Competition is intense in the data storage and protection market in which we operate.

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Our competitors in the data storage and protection market are aggressively trying to advance and develop new technologies and products to compete against us. Consequently, we face the risk that customers could choose competitor products over ours. As a result of competition and new technology standards, our sales or gross margins could decline, which could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, and operating results. Some of those competitors are much larger and financially stronger, have more diverse product offerings, and aggressively compete based on their reputations and greater size.

Technological developments, industry consolidation, and storage market competition over the years have resulted in decreased prices and increased commoditization for tape device and automation products and our other product offerings. Pricing pressure is more pronounced for entry-level products and less pronounced for enterprise products. Over time, the prices of our and competitor products have decreased, but such products often incorporate new or different features and technologies from what we offered in prior years. We face risks that customers could choose competitors’ products over ours due to these features and technologies or pricing differences. If competition further intensifies, our product sales and gross margins could decline, which could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Additional industry consolidation may further result in:

•competitors consolidating, having greater resources and becoming more competitive with us;

•new entrants into one or more of our primary markets increasing competition;

•customers that are also competitors becoming more competitive with us and/or reducing their purchase of our products;

•competitors acquiring our current suppliers or business partners and negatively impacting our business model; and

•market uncertainty and disruption due to the impact and timing of announced and completed transactions.

Risks Related to Intellectual Property

Some of our products contain licensed, third-party technology that provides important product functionality and features. The loss or inability to obtain any such license could have a material adverse effect on our business.

Certain of our products contain technology licensed from third parties that provides important product functionality and features. We cannot provide assurance that we will have continued access to this technology in the future. In some cases, we may seek to enforce our technology access via litigation against the licensing company itself, which may cause us to incur significant legal or other costs and may not be resolved in our favor. Other legal actions against the licensing company, such as for intellectual property infringement, could also impact our future access to the technology. We also have limited visibility or control of the technology roadmap at the licensing company and cannot ensure that the licensing company will advance the roadmap of the licensed technology in the manner best for us. We also face the risk of not being able to quickly implement a replacement technology or otherwise mitigate the risks associated with not having access to this licensed technology.Any of these actions could negatively impact our available technology portfolio, thereby reducing the functionality or features of our products, and could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, and operating results.

Third-party intellectual property infringement claims could result in substantial liability and significant costs, and, as a result, our business, financial condition and results of operations may be materially and adversely affected.

From time to time, third parties allege that our products infringe their patented or proprietary technology and demand that we purchase a license from them. The ultimate outcome of any license discussion or litigation is uncertain. Adverse resolution of any third-party infringement claim could subject us to substantial liabilities and require us to refrain from manufacturing and selling certain products. In addition, the costs incurred in intellectual property litigation can be substantial, regardless of the outcome. As a result, our business, financial condition, and operating result could be materially and adversely affected.

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If we fail to protect our intellectual property or if others use our proprietary technology without authorization, our competitive position may suffer.

Our future success and ability to compete depends in part on our proprietary technology. We rely on a combination of copyright, patent, trademark, and trade secrets laws and nondisclosure agreements to establish and protect our proprietary technology. However, we cannot provide assurance that patents will be issued with respect to pending or future patent applications that we have filed or plan to file, that our patents will be upheld as valid, or that our patents will prevent the development of competitive products, or that any actions we have taken will adequately protect our intellectual property rights.

Despite our efforts to protect our proprietary rights, unauthorized parties may attempt to copy or otherwise obtain or use our products or technology. Enforcing our intellectual property rights can sometimes only be accomplished through litigation, which is expensive and can divert management’s attention away from our business. In addition, the laws of some foreign countries do not protect our proprietary rights to the same extent as the laws of the U.S.

We license certain of our software under “open source” licenses. Because of the characteristics of open source software licenses, it may be relatively easy for competitors, some of whom have greater resources than we have, to enter our markets and compete with us.In addition, our failure to comply with the terms of open source licenses could have a material adverse effect on our competitive position and financial results.

One of the characteristics of open source software is that the source code is typically publicly available at no charge, and anyone who obtains copies has a license under certain of our intellectual property rights. Depending on the license, that may include access to certain of our patents, to modify and redistribute the software, and use it to compete in the marketplace.Certain open source software licenses require users to license to other any software that is based on, incorporates, or interacts with the open source software. Although we endeavor to comply fully with those requirements, third parties could claim we are required to license larger portions of our software than we intended.If such claims were successful, they could adversely impact our competitive position and financial results by providing our competitors with access to sensitive information that may help them develop competitive products without the degree of overhead and lead time required by traditional proprietary software development.

It is possible for competitors to use our open source project software to develop their own software, potentially reducing the demand for our solution and putting price pressure on our subscription offerings. We cannot guarantee that competitive pressure or the availability of new open source software will not result in price reductions, reduced operating margins and loss of market share, any one of which could harm our business, financial condition, operating results, and cash flows.

In addition, we use our own open source project software in our proprietary products. As a result, there is a risk that we may inadvertently release as open source certain code that was intended to be kept as proprietary, that reveals confidential information regarding the inner workings of our proprietary products, or that could enable competitors to more readily reverse engineer or replicate aspects of our proprietary technology that we would otherwise protect as trade secrets. We may also accept contributions from third parties to our open source projects, and it may be difficult for us to accurately determine the origin of the contributions and whether their use, including in our proprietary products, infringes, misappropriates, or violates third-party intellectual property or other rights. The availability of certain of our own software in source code form may also enable others to detect and exploit security vulnerabilities in our products.In addition, our use of open source software may harm our business and subject us to intellectual property claims, litigation, or proceedings in the future.

Risks Related to Regulatory Matters

We are subject to many laws and regulations, and violation of or changes in those requirements could materially and adversely affect our business.

We are subject to numerous U.S. and international laws and requirements regarding corporate conduct, fair competition, corruption prevention, import and export practices, and hazardous or restricted material use, storage, discharge, and disposal, including laws applicable to U.S. government contractors. We have incurred, and will continue to incur, costs and business process changes to comply with such regulations. While we maintain a

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rigorous corporate ethics and compliance program, we may be subject to increased regulatory scrutiny, significant monetary fines or penalties, suspension of business opportunities, loss of jurisdictional operating rights, and increased litigation and investigation costs as a result of any failure to comply with those requirements. If we identify that we have fallen out of compliance, we may proactively take corrective actions, including the filing of voluntary self-disclosure statements with applicable agencies, which could cause us to incur additional expenses and subject us to penalties and other consequences that could adversely affect our business, financial condition, and operating results. Our supply and distribution models may be reliant upon the actions of our third-party business partners and we may also be exposed to potential liability resulting from their violation of these or other compliance requirements. Further, our U.S. and international business models are based on currently applicable regulatory requirements and exceptions. Changes in those requirements or exceptions could necessitate changes to our business model. Any of these consequences could materially and adversely impact our business and results of operations.

Our actual or perceived failure to adequately protect personally identifiable information could adversely affect our business, financial condition, and operating results.

A variety of state, national, foreign, and international laws and regulations apply to the collection, use, retention, protection, disclosure, transfer, deletion, and other processing of personally identifiable information. These privacy- and data protection-related laws and regulations are evolving, with new or modified laws and regulations proposed and implemented frequently and existing laws and regulations subject to new or different interpretations. Compliance with these laws and regulations can be costly and can delay or impede the development or implementation of new products or internal systems.Failure to comply could result in enforcement actions and significant penalties against us, which could result in negative publicity, increase our operating costs, and have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and operating results.

Risks Related to Being a Public Company

We incur significant costs as a result of operating as a public company, and our management devotes substantial time to complying with public company regulations.

As a public company, we are obligated to file with the SEC annual and quarterly reports and other reports that are specified in Section 13 and other sections of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). We are also required to ensure that we have the ability to prepare financial statements that are fully compliant with all SEC reporting requirements on a timely basis. In addition, we are and will continue to become subject to other reporting and corporate governance requirements, including certain requirements of Nasdaq, and certain provisions of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (“SOX Act”) and the regulations promulgated thereunder, which will impose significant compliance obligations upon us.

Section 404 of the SOX Act, as well as rules subsequently implemented by the SEC and Nasdaq, have imposed increased regulation and disclosure and required enhanced corporate governance practices of public companies. We are committed to maintaining high standards of corporate governance and public disclosure, and our efforts to comply with evolving laws, regulations and standards in this regard are likely to result in increased selling, general, and administrative expenses and a diversion of management’s time and attention from revenue-generating activities to compliance activities. These changes will require a significant commitment of additional resources. We may not be successful in implementing these requirements and implementing them could materially and adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition. In addition, if we fail to implement the requirements with respect to our internal accounting and audit functions, our ability to report our operating results on a timely and accurate basis could be impaired. If we do not implement such requirements in a timely manner or with adequate compliance, we might be subject to sanctions or investigation by regulatory authorities, such as the SEC and Nasdaq. Any such action could harm our reputation and the confidence of investors and customers in us and could materially and adversely affect our business and cause our share price to fall.

Wehave restated certain of our prior consolidated financial statements, which has resulted in unanticipated costs and may lead to additional risks and uncertainties, including loss of investor confidence and negative impacts on our stock price.

In this Annual Report on Form 10-K, we restated certain of our financial statements. The determination to restate the financial statements was made by our Audit Committee of the Board of Directors upon management’s

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recommendation. Our management concluded that certain of our previously issued financial statements should no longer be relied upon.

The restatement of our previously issued financial statements has been time-consuming and expensive and could expose us to additional risks that could materially adversely affect our financial position, results of operations and cash flows, including unanticipated costs for accounting and legal fees in connection with or related to the restatement and the risk of potential stockholder litigation. If lawsuits are filed, we may incur additional substantial defense costs regardless of the outcome of such litigation. Likewise, such events might cause a diversion of our management’s time and attention. If we do not prevail in any such litigation, we could be required to pay substantial damages or settlement costs. In addition, the restatement may lead to a loss of investor confidence and have negative impacts on the trading price of our common stock.

We have identified material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting, which could, if not properly remediated, result in additional material misstatements in our interim or annual consolidated financial statements, could impair our ability to produce accurate and timely financial statements and could adversely affect investor confidence in our financial reports, which could negatively affect our business.

We have concluded that our internal control over financial reporting and disclosure controls and procedures were not effective as of March 31, 2024 due to the existence of material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting, as described in Item 9A. Controls and Procedures of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

As described in Item 9A. Controls and Procedures of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, these material weaknesses resulted in the restatement of the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2023 and March 31, 2022, the unaudited condensed quarterly financial information for the quarterly period ended June 30, 2023 and each of the fiscal quarters for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2023.

We cannot provide assurance that the material weaknesses and deficiencies identified in this Annual Report on Form 10-K will not recur, or that additional material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting will not arise or be identified in the future. We intend to continue our control remediation activities and to continue to improve our financial reporting process, and our operational, information technology, financial systems, compliance and infrastructure procedures and controls. We also intend to continue to expand, train, retain and manage our personnel who are essential to effective internal control and compliance. In doing so, we will continue to incur expenses and expend management time.

If our remediation measures are insufficient to address the identified deficiencies, or if additional deficiencies in our internal control over financial reporting are discovered or occur in the future, our consolidated financial statements may contain material misstatements and we could be required to restate our financial results in the future. Moreover, because of the inherent limitations of any control system, material misstatements due to error or fraud may not be prevented or detected on a timely basis, or at all. If we are unable to provide reliable and timely financial reports in the future, our business and reputation may be further harmed. Restated financial statements and failures in internal control may also cause us to fail to meet reporting obligations or debt covenants, negatively affect investor confidence in our management and the accuracy of our financial statements and disclosures, or result in adverse publicity, any of which could have a negative effect on the price of our common stock, subject us to further regulatory investigations and penalties or stockholder litigation, and materially and adversely impact our business and financial condition.

General Risk Factors

We face risks related to health epidemics which could have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations.

We face various risks related to public health issues, including epidemics, pandemics, and other outbreaks, including a resurgence of the COVID-19 pandemic. For example, the COVID-19 pandemic and efforts to control its spread had an impact on our workforce and operations, and those of our strategic partners, customers, suppliers, and logistics providers. These impacts included increased component, product, transportation, and overhead costs, increased logistics capacity and flexibility needs, decreased workforce availability, component supply, and product output, increased cybersecurity threats from remote work, and general economic downturns. We or our third-party business partners were subject to government restrictions that impacted our ability to continue efficient business

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operations.Other global health concerns in the future could also result in social, economic and labor instability in the countries in which we or the third parties with whom we engage operate.

To the such pandemics adversely affect our business and financial results, they may also have the effect of heightening many of the other risks described in more detail in this “Risk Factors” section, such as those relating to adverse global or regional conditions, our highly competitive industry, supply chain disruption, customer demand conditions and our ability to forecast demand, cost saving initiatives, our indebtedness and liquidity, and cyber-attacks.

We are exposed to fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates, and an adverse change in foreign currency exchange rates relative to our position in such currencies could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We do not currently use derivative financial instruments for speculative purposes. To the extent that we have assets or liabilities denominated in a foreign currency that are inadequately hedged or not hedged at all, we may be subject to foreign currency losses, which could be significant.Our international operations can act as a natural hedge when both operating expenses and sales are denominated in local currencies. In these instances, although an unfavorable change in the exchange rate of a foreign currency against the U.S. dollar would result in lower sales when translated to U.S. dollars, operating expenses would also be lower in these circumstances. The competitive price of our products relative to others could also be negatively impacted by changes in the rate at which a foreign currency is exchanged for U.S. dollars. Such fluctuations in currency exchange rates could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

If the future outcomes related to the estimates used in recording tax liabilities to various taxing authorities result in higher tax liabilities than estimated, then we would have to record tax charges, which could be material.

We have provided amounts and recorded liabilities for probable and estimable tax adjustments required by various taxing authorities in the U.S. and foreign jurisdictions. If events occur that indicate payments of these amounts will be less than estimated, then reversals of these liabilities would create tax benefits recognized in the periods when we determine the liabilities have reduced. Conversely, if events occur which indicate that payments of these amounts will be greater than estimated, then tax charges and additional liabilities would be recorded. In particular, various foreign jurisdictions could challenge the characterization or transfer pricing of certain intercompany transactions. In the event of an unfavorable outcome of such challenge, material tax charges and adverse impacts on operating results could occur in the period in which the matter is resolved or an unfavorable outcome becomes probable and estimable.

Certain changes in stock ownership could result in a limitation on the amount of net operating loss and tax credit carryovers that can be utilized each year. Should we undergo such a change in stock ownership, it would severely limit the usage of these carryover tax attributes against future income, resulting in additional tax charges, which could be material.

Anti-takeover provisions contained in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws, as well as provisions of Delaware law, could impair a takeover attempt.

Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and bylaws, and Delaware law, contain provisions that could have the effect of rendering more difficult or discouraging an acquisition deemed undesirable by our Board of Directors. Our corporate governance documents include provisions:

•authorizing blank check preferred stock, which could be issued with voting, liquidation, dividend, and other rights superior to our common stock;

•limiting the liability of, and providing indemnification to, our directors and officers;

•limiting the ability of our stockholders to call and bring business before special meetings and to take action by written consent in lieu of a meeting;

•requiring advance notice of stockholder proposals for business to be conducted at meetings of our stockholders and for nominations of candidates for election to our Board of Directors;

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•controlling the procedures for the conduct and scheduling of meetings of the Board of Directors and stockholders;

•providing our Board of Directors with the express power to postpone and cancel previously scheduled special meetings at any time;

•limiting the determination of the number of directors on our Board of Directors and the filling of vacancies or newly created seats on the board to our Board of Directors then in office; and

•providing that directors may be removed by stockholders only for cause.

While these provisions have the effect of encouraging persons seeking to acquire control of our Company to negotiate with our Board of Directors, they could enable the Board of Directors to hinder or frustrate a transaction that some, or a majority, of the stockholders might believe to be in their best interests and, in that case, may prevent or discourage attempts to remove and replace incumbent directors. We are also subject to Delaware laws that could have similar effects. One of these laws prohibits us from engaging in a business combination with a significant stockholder unless specific conditions are met.

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ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS

None.

Item 1C. CYBERSECURITY.

Risk Management and Strategy

The Company recognizes the importance of being able to assess, effectively respond to and manage material cybersecurity threats and incidents that may compromise the confidentiality, integrity or availability of its information systems, data or network resources.

As part of its overall enterprise risk management framework, the Company maintains both a Cyber Incident Evaluation Committee (“CIEC”) and an Incident Response Plan (“IRP”). The Company’s CIEC is managed by its Chief Information Officer (the “CIO”) whose team (the Incident Response Team, or “IRT”) is responsible for leading company-wide cybersecurity strategy, policy, standards, architecture, and processes. The purpose of the IRP is to define procedures for reporting and responding to cybersecurity incidents. It creates objectives for actionable procedures that can be measured, evaluated, scaled and revised as necessary for each specific cybersecurity incident. These objectives are designed to maximize the effectiveness of the Company’s response through an established plan of action and assigning responsibilities to appropriate personnel and/or third-party contractors.

If a cybersecurity threat or incident is identified, the IRT will communicate the cybersecurity threat or incident and any damages to the CIEC. The CIEC will assess the materiality of the cybersecurity threat or incident to determine if any public disclosures are required under the SEC’s cybersecurity disclosure rule and make a recommendation to the Board. If deemed necessary, third-party consultants, legal counsel, and assessors will be engaged to evaluate the materiality assessment.

The cybersecurity program of the Company interfaces with other functional areas within the Company, including but not limited to the Company’s brands and information technology, accounting, finance, legal and human resources, as well as external third-party partners, where appropriate, to assess, identify and manage potential cybersecurity threats. The Company regularly assesses and updates its processes, procedures and management techniques in light of ongoing cybersecurity developments.

Recognizing the complexity and evolving nature of cybersecurity threats, the Company also engages with a range of external experts, including cybersecurity assessors and consultants in evaluating and testing its cybersecurity management systems and IRP. These partnerships enable the Company to leverage specialized knowledge and insights, to assist in updating its cybersecurity strategies and processes to align with industry best practices. The Company’s collaboration with these third parties includes consultation and review of security enhancements.

To date, we have not identified risks from cybersecurity threats or incidents, including as a result of any previous cybersecurity incidents, that have materially affected the Company or are reasonably likely to materially affect our operations, business strategy, results of operations, of financial condition. However, the sophistication of and risks from cybersecurity threats and incidents continues to increase, and there can be no assurance that our cybersecurity risk management program and processes, including our IRP, and other preventative actions the Company has taken and continues to take to reduce the risk of cybersecurity threats and incidents and protect its systems and information, will be fully implemented, complied with or successful in protecting against all cybersecurity threats and incidents. For more information on how cybersecurity risk could materially affect the Company’s business strategy, results of operations, or financial condition, please refer to “Item 1A Risk Factors—Risks Related to our Business and Industry—A cybersecurity breach could adversely affect our ability to conduct our business, harm our reputation, expose us to significant liability or otherwise damage our financial results.”

Governance

Our Board considers cybersecurity risk as part of its risk oversight function. The Board oversees management’s implementation of our cybersecurity risk management program. The Board receives regular reports from the CIEC on our cybersecurity risks. In addition, CIEC updates the Board, as necessary, regarding any material cybersecurity incidents, as well as any incidents with lesser impact potential. The Board also receives briefings from IRT on our cyber risk management program. Board members receive presentations on cybersecurity topics from our CIO,

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internal security staff or external experts as part of the Board’s continuing education on topics that impact public companies.

The CIEC is responsible for assessing and managing our material risks from cybersecurity threats. The team has primary responsibility for our overall cybersecurity risk management program and supervises both our internal cybersecurity personnel and our retained external cybersecurity consultants. Our CIEC’s expertise includes a combined 20 plus years of experience in managing security technologies; designing and implementing security strategies; and risk management and incident response across various industries. Our CIEC supervises efforts to prevent, detect, mitigate, and remediate cybersecurity risks and incidents through various means, which may include briefings from internal security personnel; threat intelligence and other information obtained from governmental, public or private sources, including external consultants engaged by us; and alerts and reports produced by security tools deployed in the IT environment.

ITEM 2. PROPERTIES

Our headquarters are located in San Jose, California. We lease facilities in North America, Europe, and Asia Pacific. We believe that our facilities are adequate to meet our needs for the immediate future, and that, should it be needed, suitable additional space will be available to accommodate expansion of our operations.

ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

See Item 8 of Part II, “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data—Note 11: Commitments and Contingencies.”

ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE

None.

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PART II

ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES

Market Information

Our common stock is traded on the Nasdaq Global Market under the symbol "QMCO".

Holders of Record, and Dividends

As of June 25, 2024, we had 223 holders of record of our common stock.

Dividends

We have no intention of paying cash dividends in the foreseeable future. Our ability to pay dividends is restricted by the covenants in our senior secured term loan and amended credit facility agreements. See the section captioned “Liquidity and Capital Resources” in Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations and Note 5: Debt to the consolidated financial statements.

Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities

During the periods covered by this Annual Report, we did not sell any equity securities that were not registered under the Securities Act of 1933.

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

During each of the fiscal quarters ended March 31, 2024, December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2023, there were no purchases of our common stock by or on behalf of us or any of our affiliated purchasers, as such term is defined in Rule 10b-18(a)(3) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended ("the "Exchange Act").

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Stock Performance Graph

The graph below compares the cumulative total return of a $100 investment in our common stock with the cumulative total return of the same investment in the Nasdaq and the S&P 500 Index from March 31, 2019 through March 31, 2024.

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ITEM 6. [RESERVED]

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ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following discussion gives effects to the restatement of our consolidated financial statements for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, discussed in Note 14 to the consolidated financial statements of this Annual Report. and should be read together with our consolidated financial statements, the accompanying notes, and other information included in this Annual Report. In particular, the risk factors contained in Item 1A may reflect trends, demands, commitments, events, or uncertainties that could materially impact our results of operations and liquidity and capital resources. Our fiscal year ends on March 31 of each calendar year. "Fiscal 2024" in this Annual Report refers to the fiscal year ended March 31, 2024.

The following discussion contains forward-looking statements, such as statements regarding anticipated impacts on our business, our future operating results and financial position, our business strategy and plans, our market growth and trends, and our objectives for future operations. Please see "Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements" for more information about relying on these forward-looking statements.

Overview and Highlights

We are a technology company whose mission is to deliver innovative solutions to forward-thinking organizations across the world. We design, manufacture and sell technology and services that help customers capture, create and share digital content, and protect it for decades. We emphasize innovative technology in the design and manufacture of our products to help our customers unlock the value in their video and unstructured data in new ways to solve their most pressing business challenges.

We generate revenue by designing, manufacturing, and selling technology and services. Our most significant expenses are related to compensating employees; designing, manufacturing, marketing, and selling our products and services; data center costs in support of our cloud-based services; and income taxes.

Restatement

The accompanying Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations gives effect to the restatement adjustments made to the previously reported consolidated financial statements for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2022 and March 31, 2023. For additional information and a detailed discussion of the restatement, see Note 14: Restatement of Previously Issued Financial Statements in the Notes to our consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report under the caption Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data. Restatement adjustments have also been made to the previously reported consolidated financial statements for the quarterly periods ended June 30, 2022 and June 30, 2023 as well as the quarters ended September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2022. For additional information related to the quarterly restatement, see Note 15: Quarterly Financial Summary (Unaudited) in the Notes to our consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K under the caption Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.

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RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Year Ended March 31,

Restated Restated

Operating expenses

Loss on debt extinguishment, net — (1,392) (4,960)

(1) Includes stock-based compensation as follows:

Year Ended March 31,

Comparison of the Years Ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 (restated)

Revenue

Year Ended March 31,

(in thousands) 2024 % ofrevenue 2023 % ofrevenue $ Change % Change

Restated

Product Revenue

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In fiscal 2024, product revenue decreased $100.0 million, or 36%, as compared to fiscal 2023. The primary driver of the decrease was a $62.5 million decrease in demand from our large hyperscale customers, as well as more general decreases in the overall tape market with declines in media and devices revenue. Outside of the Tape and Hyperscale business, our remaining Secondary and Primary storage systems are also offered as a subscription. We anticipate the product revenue portion of our Primary and Secondary storage systems to decrease as we continue to transition to subscription-based offerings.

Service and Subscription Revenue

Service and subscription revenue decreased $6.9 million, or 5%, in fiscal 2024 compared to fiscal 2023. This decrease was due in part to certain long-lived products reaching their end-of-service-life, partially offset by new support bookings and the transition towards subscription-based licensing.

Royalty Revenue

We receive royalties from third parties that license our linear-tape open media patents through our membership in the linear-tape open consortium. Royalty revenue decreased $3.6 million, or 26%, in fiscal 2024, as compared to fiscal 2023, related to lower overall unit shipments.

Gross Profit and Margin

Year Ended March 31,

(in thousands) 2024 Grossmargin % 2023 Grossmargin % $ Change Basis point change

Restated

Gross profit and margin percentages are key metrics that management monitors to assess the performance on the business.

Product Gross Margin

Product gross margin increased 210 basis points for fiscal 2024, as compared to fiscal 2023. This increase was due primarily to a $9.8 million inventory provision recorded during fiscal 2023. Due to longer purchasing lead times and other factors caused by the global supply chain disruptions occurring since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, certain inventory had become obsolete due to next generation products being released and legacy products being discontinued. In addition, following our integration of several past acquisitions, certain legacy products were discontinued and replaced with updated product offerings rendering the related inventory obsolete. We do not believe that the magnitude of this inventory provision is indicative of our ongoing operations and was not repeated in fiscal 2024.

The other primary driver of product gross margin improvement in fiscal 2024 was a revenue mix less weighted towards hyperscalers, media, and devices. These revenue lines typically carry a lower gross margin than sales of our other secondary and primary storage products.

Service and subscription Gross Margin

Service and subscription gross margin increased 430 basis points for fiscal 2024, as compared to fiscal 2023. This increase was due primarily to improved operational costs as we implemented strict cost controls and improved our organization design. It was also partially driven by service parts inventory write downs in fiscal 2023, caused by the transition of certain service logistics activities to a third party provider

Royalty Gross Margin

Royalties do not have significant related cost of sales.

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Operating expenses

Year Ended March 31,

(in thousands) 2024 % ofrevenue 2023 % ofrevenue $ Change % Change

Restated

In fiscal 2024, sales and marketing expenses decreased $5.1 million, or 8%, as compared with fiscal 2023. This decrease was primarily driven by decreased commission expense on lower revenue.

In fiscal 2024, general and administrative expenses increased $3.8 million, or 8%, as compared with fiscal 2023 This increase was primarily driven by large non-recurring costs related to our re-evaluation of Topic 606, and other related projects.

In fiscal 2024, research and development expenses decreased $6.5 million, or 15%, as compared with fiscal 2023. This decrease was the result of the continued consolidation of acquisition costs, and efficiencies realized through improved organization design.

In fiscal 2024, restructuring expenses increased $1.7 million, or 104%, as compared with fiscal 2023. This increase is driven by corporate restructuring activities as we consolidated our physical footprint and operations in certain markets.

Other expense, net

Year Ended March 31,

(in thousands) 2024 % ofrevenue 2023 % ofrevenue $ Change % Change

Restated

In fiscal 2024, other income (expense), net decrease of $3.7 million or 189%, compared to fiscal 2023. The decrease was primarily related to differences in foreign currency gains and losses during each period, as well as the non-recurring sale of $2.3 million IP licenses in fiscal 2023.

Interest expense

Year Ended March 31,

(in thousands) 2024 % ofrevenue 2023 % ofrevenue $ Change % Change

Restated

In fiscal 2024, interest expense increased $4.5 million, or 43%, as compared to fiscal 2023. This increase was primarily due to a higher principal balance on our Term Loan as well as a higher interest rate.

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Warrant liabilities

Year Ended March 31,

(in thousands) 2024 % ofrevenue 2023 % ofrevenue $ Change % Change

Restated

In fiscal 2024, the fair value of warrant liabilities decreased $5.1 million, or 50%, as compared to fiscal 2023. The decrease was primarily due to a lower average stock price in fiscal 2024.

Loss on debt extinguishment, net

Year Ended March 31,

(in thousands) 2024 % ofrevenue 2023 % ofrevenue $ Change % Change

Restated

Loss on debt extinguishment, net $ — — % $ (1,392) — % $ 1,392 100 %

In fiscal 2023, loss on debt extinguishment, net was related to prepayment of our long-term debt.

Income tax provision

Year Ended March 31,

(in thousands) 2024 % ofrevenue 2023 % ofrevenue $ Change % Change

Restated

Our income tax provision is primarily influenced by foreign and state income taxes. In fiscal 2024, the income tax provision decreased $1.2 million or 63%, compared to fiscal 2023, related primarily to lower current foreign taxes as a result of a decrease in foreign taxable income.

Due to our history of net losses in the U.S., the protracted period for utilizing tax attributes in certain foreign jurisdictions, and the difficulty in predicting future results, we believe that we cannot rely on projections of future taxable income to realize most of our deferred tax assets. Accordingly, we have established a full valuation allowance against our U.S. and certain foreign net deferred tax assets. Significant management judgment is required in assessing our ability to realize any future benefit from our net deferred tax assets. We intend to maintain this valuation allowance until sufficient positive evidence exists to support its reversal. Our income tax expense recorded in the future will be reduced to the extent that sufficient positive evidence materializes to support a reversal of, or decrease in, our valuation allowance.

Comparison of the Years Ended March 31, 2023 and 2022

Revenue

Year Ended March 31,

(in thousands) 2023 % ofrevenue 2022 % ofrevenue $ Change % Change

Restated Restated

Product Revenue

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In fiscal 2023, product revenue increased $44.0 million, or 19%, as compared to fiscal 2022. The primary driver of the increase was demand from our large hyperscale customers, as well as continued strong demand globally for data protection and archive solutions. Outside of the Tape and Hyperscale business, our remaining Secondary and Primary storage systems are also offered as a subscription. We anticipate the product revenue portion of our Primary and Secondary storage systems to decrease as we continue to transition to subscription-based offerings. The devices and media also decreased partially driven by lower volume of linear-tape open media sales.

Service and Subscription Revenue

Service and subscription revenue decreased $3.7 million, or 3%, in fiscal 2023 compared to fiscal 2022. This decrease was due in part to certain long-lived products reaching their end-of-service-life, partially offset by new support bookings and the transition towards subscription-based licensing.

Royalty Revenue

We receive royalties from third parties that license our linear-tape open media patents through our membership in the linear-tape open consortium. Royalty revenue decreased $1.7 million, or 11%, in fiscal 2023, as compared to fiscal 2022, related to lower overall unit shipments.

Gross Profit and Margin

Year Ended March 31,

(in thousands) 2023 Grossmargin % 2022 Grossmargin % $ Change Basis point change

Restated Restated

Gross profit and margin percentages are key metrics that management monitors to assess the performance on the business.

Product Gross Margin

Product gross margin decreased 650 basis points for fiscal 2023, as compared to fiscal 2022. This decrease was due primarily to a $9.8 million inventory provision recorded during fiscal 2023. Due to longer purchasing lead times and other factors caused by the global supply chain disruptions occurring since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, certain inventory has become obsolete due to next generation products being released and legacy products being discontinued. In addition, following our integration of several past acquisitions, certain legacy products were discontinued and replaced with updated product offerings rendering the related inventory obsolete. We do not believe that the magnitude of this inventory provision is indicative of our ongoing operations and is not expected to be repeated in the near term.

Excluding this non-recurring adjustment, product gross margin declined approximately 370 basis points for fiscal 2023, as compared to fiscal 2022 primarily due to the continuation of pricing pressure on materials cost and freight, as global supply chain constraints disrupted normal procurement channels. Our product mix was also more heavily weighted to lower margin solutions.

Service and subscription Gross Margin

Service and subscription gross margin decreased 320 basis points for fiscal 2023, as compared to fiscal 2022. This decrease was due partially to increased costs for freight and repair on replacement parts in addition to additional inventory write downs required for service parts caused by the transition of certain service logistics activities to a third party provider.

Royalty Gross Margin

Royalties do not have significant related cost of sales.

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Operating expenses

Year Ended March 31,

(in thousands) 2023 % ofrevenue 2022 % ofrevenue $ Change % Change

Restated Restated

In fiscal 2023, sales and marketing expenses increased $3.1 million, or 5%, as compared with fiscal 2022. This increase was partially driven by increased investment in sales resources in key strategic markets, as well as the resumption of large trade shows and other events that are a key driver of our marketing activities.

In fiscal 2023, general and administrative expenses increased $2.5 million, or 6%, as compared with fiscal 2022. This increase was driven primarily by transition costs as we complete large projects in our IT and facilities infrastructure.

In fiscal 2023, research and development expense decreased $7.3 million, or 14%, as compared with fiscal 2022. This decrease was the result of one-time acquisition-related costs that occurred in the prior year, as well as the overall consolidation of those acquisitions.

In fiscal 2023, restructuring expenses increased $0.8 million, or 89%, as compared with fiscal 2022. This increase is driven by corporate restructuring activities as we consolidated our physical footprint and operations in certain markets.

Other expense, net

Year Ended March 31,

(in thousands) 2023 % ofrevenue 2022 % ofrevenue $ Change % Change

Restated Restated

In fiscal 2023, other income (expense), net increased $2.2 million or 879%, compared to fiscal 2022. The increase was primarily related to differences in foreign currency gains and losses during each period, as well as the sale of IP licenses.

Interest expense

Year Ended March 31,

(in thousands) 2023 % ofrevenue 2022 % ofrevenue $ Change % Change

Restated Restated

In fiscal 2023, interest expense decreased $1.3 million, or 11%, as compared to fiscal 2022. This decrease was primarily due to a lower principal balance on our Term Loan.

Warrant liabilities

Year Ended March 31,

(in thousands) 2023 % ofrevenue 2022 % ofrevenue $ Change % Change

Restated Restated

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In fiscal 2023, the fair value of warrant liabilities decreased $49.8 million, or 83%, as compared to fiscal 2022. This decrease was primarily due to a lower average stock price in fiscal 2023.

Loss on debt extinguishment, net

Year Ended March 31,

(in thousands) 2023 % ofrevenue 2022 % ofrevenue $ Change % Change

Restated Restated

In fiscal 2023, loss on debt extinguishment, net was related to prepayment of our long-term debt.

Income tax provision

Year Ended March 31,

(in thousands) 2023 % ofrevenue 2022 % ofrevenue $ Change % Change

Restated Restated

Our income tax provision is primarily influenced by foreign and state income taxes. In fiscal 2023, the income tax provision increased $0.6 million or 45%, compared to fiscal 2022, related primarily to higher current foreign taxes as a result of an increase in foreign taxable income.

Due to our history of net losses in the U.S., the protracted period for utilizing tax attributes in certain foreign jurisdictions, and the difficulty in predicting future results, we believe that we cannot rely on projections of future taxable income to realize most of our deferred tax assets. Accordingly, we have established a full valuation allowance against our U.S. and certain foreign net deferred tax assets. Significant management judgment is required in assessing our ability to realize any future benefit from our net deferred tax assets. We intend to maintain this valuation allowance until sufficient positive evidence exists to support its reversal. Our income tax expense recorded in the future will be reduced to the extent that sufficient positive evidence materializes to support a reversal of, or decrease in, our valuation allowance.

Comparison of the Three Months Ended December 31, 2023 and 2022

Revenue

Three Months Ended December 31,

(dollars in thousands) 2023 % ofrevenue 2022 % ofrevenue $ Change % Change

Product Revenue

In the three months ended December 31, 2023, product revenue decreased $40.4 million, or 52%, as compared to the same period in 2022. The primary driver of the decrease was lower demand from our large hyperscale customers, as well as declines in the linear-tape open media market impacting both media cartridge sales and associated linear-tape open royalties.

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Service Revenue

Service and subscription revenue decreased $0.4 million, or 1%, in the three months ended December 31, 2023 compared to the same period in 2022. This decrease was due in part to certain long-lived products reaching their end-of-service-life, partially offset by new support bookings and the transition towards subscription-based licensing.

Royalty Revenue

We receive royalties from third parties that license our linear-tape open media patents through our membership in the linear-tape open consortium. Royalty revenue decreased $0.8 million, or 28%, in the three months ended December 31, 2023 compared to the same period in 2022 due to decreased market volume of older generation linear-tape open media.

Gross Profit and Margin

Three Months Ended December 31,

Gross profit and margin percentages are key metrics that management monitors to assess the performance on the business.

Product Gross Margin

Product gross margin decreased to 19.0%, or by 550 basis points, for the three months ended December 31, 2023, as compared with the same period in 2022. The primary driver of the decrease was lower demand from our large hyperscale customers, as well as declines in the linear-tape open media market impacting both media cartridge sales and associated linear-tape open royalties.

Service and Subscription Gross Margin

Service and subscription gross margins decreased 150 basis points for the three months ended December 31, 2023, as compared with the same period in 2022. This decrease was primarily driven by lower service revenues on a similar service cost basis.

Royalty Gross Margin

Royalties do not have significant related cost of sales.

Operating Expenses

Three Months Ended December 31,

(dollars in thousands) 2023 % ofrevenue 2022 % ofrevenue $ Change % Change

In the three months ended December 31, 2023, sales and marketing expenses decreased $2.1 million, or 13%, as compared with the same period in 2022. This decrease was primarily driven by the pivot of existing sales and marketing investment towards high-growth markets.

In the three months ended December 31, 2023, general and administrative expenses increased $0.9 million, or 8%, as compared with the same period in 2022. This increase was largely driven by higher project expense related to the re-evaluation of the Company's application of standalone selling price under Topic 606.

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In the three months ended December 31, 2023, research and development expenses decreased $2.5 million, or 22%, as compared with the same period in 2022. This decrease was primarily driven by cost reduction measures to streamline common development functions across business units, and further consolidate acquired businesses.

In the three months ended December 31, 2023, restructuring expenses increased $0.5 million as compared with the same period in 2022. The increase was the result of cost reduction initiatives.

Other Income (Expense)

Three Months Ended December 31,

(dollars in thousands) 2023 % ofrevenue 2022 % ofrevenue $ Change % Change

The change in other income (expense), net during the three months ended December 31, 2023 compared with the same period in 2022 was related primarily to fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates during the three months ended December 31, 2023.

Interest Expense

Three Months Ended December 31,

(dollars in thousands) 2023 % ofrevenue 2022 % ofrevenue $ Change % Change

In the three months ended December 31, 2023, interest expense increased $1.2 million, or 46%, as compared with the same period in 2022 due to a higher effective interest rate on our Term Loan.

Loss on Debt Extinguishment

There were no debt extinguishments in the three months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022.

Income Taxes

Three Months Ended December 31,

(dollars in thousands) 2023 % ofrevenue 2022 % ofrevenue $ Change % Change

The income tax provision for the three months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 is primarily influenced by foreign and state income taxes. Due to our history of net losses in the United States, the protracted period for utilizing tax attributes in certain foreign jurisdictions, and the difficulty in predicting future results, we believe that we cannot rely on projections of future taxable income to realize most of our deferred tax assets. Accordingly, we have established a full valuation allowance against our U.S. and certain foreign net deferred tax assets. Significant management judgment is required in assessing our ability to realize any future benefit from our net deferred tax assets. We intend to maintain this valuation allowance until sufficient positive evidence exists to support its reversal. Our income tax expense recorded in the future will be reduced to the extent that sufficient positive evidence materializes to support a reversal of, or decrease in, our valuation allowance.

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Comparison of the Nine Months Ended December 31, 2023 and 2022

Revenue

Nine Months Ended December 31,

(dollars in thousands) 2023 % ofrevenue 2022 % ofrevenue $ Change % Change

Product Revenue

In the nine months ended December 31, 2023, product revenue decreased $64.6 million, or 32%, as compared to the same period in 2022. The primary driver of the decrease was lower demand from our large hyperscale customers, as well as declines in the linear-tape open media market impacting both media cartridge sales and associated linear-tape open royalties.

Service Revenue

We offer a broad range of services including product maintenance, implementation, and training as well as software subscriptions. Service revenue is primarily comprised of customer field support contracts which provide standard support services for our hardware. Standard service contracts may be extended or include enhanced service, such as faster service response times.

Service and subscription revenue decreased $5.7 million or 6% in the nine months ended December 31, 2023 compared to the same period in 2022, partially driven by lower overall legacy service revenues offset by higher subscription revenue.

Royalty Revenue

We receive royalties from third parties that license our linear-tape open media patents through our membership in the linear-tape open consortium. Royalty revenue decreased $2.5 million, or 26%, in the nine months ended December 31, 2023 compared to the same period in 2022 due to decreased market volume of older generation linear-tape open media.

Gross Profit and Margin

Nine Months Ended December 31,

Gross profit and margin percentages are key metrics that management monitors to assess the performance on the business.

Product Gross Margin

Product gross margin increased to 24.1% or by 430 basis points for the nine months ended December 31, 2023, as compared with the same period in 2022. This increase was primarily due to a more favorable mix of revenues, weighted towards our higher margin product lines, as well as improvements in our operational efficiency and logistics costs. In addition, the prior year period included a $6.9 million inventory reserve provision recorded during the nine months ended December 31, 2022.

Service and Subscription Gross Margin

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Service and subscription gross margin of 60.4% increased 270 basis points for the nine months ended December 31, 2023, as compared with the same period in 2022. This increase was primarily driven by lower overhead costs across our support and repair functions.

Royalty Gross Margin

Royalties do not have significant related cost of sales.

Operating expenses

Nine Months Ended December 31,

(dollars in thousands) 2023 % ofrevenue 2022 % ofrevenue $ Change % Change

In the nine months ended December 31, 2023, sales and marketing expenses decreased $2.1 million, or 4% compared with the same period in 2022 as we pivoted existing sales and marketing investment towards high growth markets.

In the nine months ended December 31, 2023, general and administrative expenses decreased $0.4 million, or 1%, as compared with the same period in 2022. This decrease was largely driven by a reduced facilities footprint, as well as other cost reduction efforts across the business, offset by higher project expense related to the re-evaluation of the Company's application of standalone selling price under Topic 606.

In the nine months ended December 31, 2023, research and development expense decreased $5.1 million, or 15%, as compared with the same period in 2022. This decrease was primarily driven by cost reduction measures to streamline common development functions across business units, and further consolidate acquired businesses.

In the nine months ended December 31, 2023, restructuring expenses increased $1.6 million as compared with the same period in 2022. The increase was the result of cost reduction initiatives.

Other Income (Expense)

Nine Months Ended December 31,

(dollars in thousands) 2023 % ofrevenue 2022 % ofrevenue $ Change % Change

The change in other income (expense), net during the nine months ended December 31, 2023 compared with the same period in 2022 was related primarily to fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates during the nine months ended December 31, 2023.

Interest expense

Nine Months Ended December 31,

(dollars in thousands) 2023 % ofrevenue 2022 % ofrevenue $ Change % Change

In the nine months ended December 31, 2023, interest expense increased $3.5 million, or 46%, as compared with the same period in 2022 due to a higher effective interest rate on our Term Loan.

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Loss on debt extinguishment

Nine Months Ended December 31,

(dollars in thousands) 2023 % ofrevenue 2022 % ofrevenue $ Change % Change

Loss on debt extinguishment $ — — % $ (1,392) — % $ 1,392 100 %

In the nine months ended December 31, 2023, loss on debt extinguishment decreased $1.4 million as compared with the same period in 2022 due to a loss on debt extinguishment of $1.4 million for a prepayment of our Term Loan.

Income Taxes

Nine Months Ended December 31,

(dollars in thousands) 2023 % ofrevenue 2022 % ofrevenue $ Change % Change

The income tax provision for the nine months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 is primarily influenced by foreign and state income taxes. Due to our history of net losses in the United States, the protracted period for utilizing tax attributes in certain foreign jurisdictions, and the difficulty in predicting future results, we believe that we cannot rely on projections of future taxable income to realize most of our deferred tax assets. Accordingly, we have established a full valuation allowance against our U.S. and certain foreign net deferred tax assets. Significant management judgment is required in assessing our ability to realize any future benefit from our net deferred tax assets. We intend to maintain this valuation allowance until sufficient positive evidence exists to support its reversal. Our income tax expense recorded in the future will be reduced to the extent that sufficient positive evidence materializes to support a reversal of, or decrease in, our valuation allowance.

Comparison of the Three Months Ended September 30, 2023 and 2022

Revenue

Three Months Ended September 30,

(dollars in thousands) 2023 % ofrevenue 2022 % ofrevenue $ Change % Change

Product Revenue

In the three months ended September 30, 2023, product revenue decreased $21.2 million, or 33%, as compared to the same period in 2022. The primary driver of the decrease was lower demand from our large hyperscale customers, as well as declines in the linear-tape open media market impacting both media cartridge sales and associated linear-tape open royalties.

Service and subscription revenue decreased $2.5 million, or 7%, in the three months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the same period in 2022. This decrease was due in part to certain long-lived products reaching their end-of-service-life, partially offset by new support bookings and the transition towards subscription-based licensing.

Royalty Revenue

We receive royalties from third parties that license our linear-tape open media patents through our membership in the linear-tape open consortium. Royalty revenue decreased $1.3 million, or 36%, in the three months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the same period in 2022 due to decreased market volume of older generation linear-tape open media.

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Gross Profit and Margin

Three Months Ended September 30,

Gross profit and margin percentages are key metrics that management monitors to assess the performance on the business.

Product Gross Margin

Product gross margin increased to 28.5%, or by 1,670 basis points, for the three months ended September 30, 2023, as compared with the same period in 2022. This increase was primarily due to a more favorable mix of revenues, weighted towards our higher margin product lines, as well as improvements in our operational efficiency and logistics costs. In addition, the prior year period included a $6.9 million inventory reserve provision recorded during the three months ended September 30, 2022.

Service and Subscription Gross Margin

Service and subscription gross margins increased 460 basis points for the three months ended September 30, 2023, as compared with the same period in 2022. This increase was primarily driven by lower overhead costs across our support and repair functions.

Royalty Gross Margin

Royalties do not have significant related cost of sales.

Operating Expenses

Three Months Ended September 30,

(dollars in thousands) 2023 % ofrevenue 2022 % ofrevenue $ Change % Change

In the three months ended September 30, 2023, sales and marketing expense increased $0.1 million, or 1%, as compared with the same period in 2022. Overall costs remain relatively flat as we pivot existing sales and marketing investment towards high-growth markets.

In the three months ended September 30, 2023, general and administrative expenses decreased $1.7 million, or 14%, as compared with the same period in 2022. This decrease was largely driven by a reduced facilities footprint, as well as other cost reduction efforts across the business.

In the three months ended September 30, 2023, research and development expenses decreased $1.4 million, or 13%, as compared with the same period in 2022. This decrease was primarily driven by cost reduction measures to consolidate acquired businesses.

In the three months ended September 30, 2023, restructuring expenses increased $0.4 million as compared with the same period in 2022. The increase was the result of cost reduction initiatives.

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Other Income (Expense)

Three Months Ended September 30,

(dollars in thousands) 2023 % ofrevenue 2022 % ofrevenue $ Change % Change

The change in other income (expense), net during the three months ended September 30, 2023 compared with the same period in 2022 was related primarily to fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates during the three months ended September 30, 2023.

Interest Expense

Three Months Ended September 30,

(dollars in thousands) 2023 % ofrevenue 2022 % ofrevenue $ Change % Change

In the three months ended September 30, 2023, interest expense increased $1.1 million, or 40%, as compared with the same period in 2022 due to a higher effective interest rate on our Term Loan.

Loss on Debt Extinguishment

There were no debt extinguishments in the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022.

Income Taxes

Three Months Ended September 30,

(dollars in thousands) 2023 % ofrevenue 2022 % ofrevenue $ Change % Change

The income tax provision for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 is primarily influenced by foreign and state income taxes. Due to our history of net losses in the United States, the protracted period for utilizing tax attributes in certain foreign jurisdictions, and the difficulty in predicting future results, we believe that we cannot rely on projections of future taxable income to realize most of our deferred tax assets. Accordingly, we have established a full valuation allowance against our U.S. and certain foreign net deferred tax assets. Significant management judgment is required in assessing our ability to realize any future benefit from our net deferred tax assets. We intend to maintain this valuation allowance until sufficient positive evidence exists to support its reversal. Our income tax expense recorded in the future will be reduced to the extent that sufficient positive evidence materializes to support a reversal of, or decrease in, our valuation allowance.

Comparison of the Six Months Ended September 30, 2023 and 2022

Revenue

Six Months Ended September 30,

(dollars in thousands) 2023 % ofrevenue 2022 % ofrevenue $ Change % Change

Product Revenue

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In the six months ended September 30, 2023, product revenue decreased $24.2 million, or 19%, as compared to the same period in 2022. The primary driver of the decrease was lower demand from our large hyperscale customers, as well as declines in the linear-tape open media market impacting both media cartridge sales and associated linear-tape open royalties.

Service Revenue

We offer a broad range of services including product maintenance, implementation, and training as well as software subscriptions. Service revenue is primarily comprised of customer field support contracts which provide standard support services for our hardware. Standard service contracts may be extended or include enhanced service, such as faster service response times.

Service and subscription revenue decreased $5.3 million, or 8%, in the six months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the same period in 2022, partially driven by lower overall legacy service revenues offset by higher subscription revenue.

Royalty Revenue

We receive royalties from third parties that license our linear-tape open media patents through our membership in the linear-tape open consortium. Royalty revenue decreased $1.7 million, or 25%, in the six months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the same period in 2022 due to decreased market volume of older generation linear-tape open media.

Gross Profit and Margin

Six Months Ended September 30,

Gross profit and margin percentages are key metrics that management monitors to assess the performance on the business.

Product Gross Margin

Product gross margin increased to 26.0%, or by 910 basis points, for the six months ended September 30, 2023, as compared with the same period in 2022. This increase was primarily due to a more favorable mix of revenues, weighted towards our higher margin product lines, as well as improvements in our operational efficiency and logistics costs. In addition, the prior year period included a $6.9 million inventory reserve provision recorded during the six months ended September 30, 2022.

Service and Subscription Gross Margin

Service and subscription gross margin of 59.9% increased 460 basis points for the six months ended September 30, 2023, as compared with the same period in 2022. This increase was primarily driven by lower overhead costs across our support and repair functions.

Royalty Gross Margin

Royalties do not have significant related cost of sales.

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Operating expenses

Six Months Ended September 30,

(dollars in thousands) 2023 % ofrevenue 2022 % ofrevenue $ Change % Change

In the six months ended September 30, 2023, sales and marketing expense was flat compared with the same period in 2022 as we pivoted existing sales and marketing investment towards high-growth markets.

In the six months ended September 30, 2023, general and administrative expense decreased $1.3 million, or 5%, compared with the same period in 2022. This decrease was largely driven by a reduced facilities footprint, as well as other cost reduction efforts across the business.

In the six months ended September 30, 2023, research and development expenses decreased $2.6 million, or 11%, as compared with the same period in 2022. This decrease was primarily driven by cost reduction measures to consolidate acquired businesses.

In the six months ended September 30, 2023, restructuring expenses increased $1.0 million as compared with the same period in 2022. The increase was the result of cost reduction initiatives.

Other Income (Expense)

Six Months Ended September 30,

(dollars in thousands) 2023 % ofrevenue 2022 % ofrevenue $ Change % Change

The change in other income (expense), net during the six months ended September 30, 2023 compared with the same period in 2022 was related primarily to fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates during the three months ended September 30, 2023.

Interest expense

Six Months Ended September 30,

(dollars in thousands) 2023 % ofrevenue 2022 % ofrevenue $ Change % Change

In the six months ended September 30, 2023, interest expense increased $2.2 million, or 46%, as compared with the same period in 2022 due to a higher effective interest rate on our Term Loan.

Loss on debt extinguishment

Six Months Ended September 30,

(dollars in thousands) 2023 % ofrevenue 2022 % ofrevenue $ Change % Change

Loss on debt extinguishment $ — — % $ (1,392) (1) % $ 1,392 100 %

In the six months ended September 30, 2023, loss on debt extinguishment decreased $1.4 million as compared with the same period in 2022 due to a loss on debt extinguishment of $1.4 million for a prepayment of our Term Loan.