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ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

General

Plumas Bancorp is a bank holding company for Plumas Bank, a California state-chartered commercial bank. We derive our income primarily from interest received on real estate related, commercial, automobile and consumer loans and, to a lesser extent, interest on investment securities and cash balances, fees received in connection with servicing deposit and loan customers and gains from the sale of government guaranteed loans. Our major operating expenses are the interest we pay on deposits and borrowings and general operating expenses. We rely on locally-generated deposits to provide us with funds for making loans.

We are subject to competition from other financial institutions and our operating results, like those of other financial institutions operating in California and Northern Nevada, are significantly influenced by economic conditions in California and Northern Nevada, including the strength of the real estate market. In addition, both the fiscal and regulatory policies of the federal and state government and regulatory authorities that govern financial institutions and market interest rates also impact the Bank’s financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

U.S. Small Business Administration Paycheck Protection Program

The CARES Act provided for the Paycheck Protection Program (PPP) and additional legislation extended this program into 2021; we have actively participated in the PPP program. The remaining principal balance of PPP loans at December 31, 2022 was $300 thousand and the remaining balance of deferred fees related to these loans totaled $18 thousand at December 31, 2022. For the years ending December 31, 2022 and 2021 we recognized PPP fees, net of costs, totaling $1.3 million and $6.1 million, respectively.

Merger Agreement with Feather River Bancorp, Inc.

On July 1, 2021, pursuant to a previously announced Agreement and Plan of Reorganization and Merger dated as of March 10, 2021 (the “Merger Agreement”) between the Company and Feather River Bancorp, Inc. (“FRB”), FRB merged with and into the Company with the Company continuing as the surviving corporation (the “Merger”). Immediately after the Merger, Bank of Feather River, the wholly owned bank subsidiary of FRB (“BFR”), merged with and into the Bank, with the Bank continuing as the surviving bank. BFR has become our Yuba City branch. The Merger and Bank Merger are collectively referred to as the “Transaction.”

As part of its business strategy, the Company regularly reviews its business strategies and opportunities to enhance the value of its franchise, including through acquisitions. The Transaction is consistent with the Company’s business strategy, which will (1) expand Plumas’ geographic presence into new markets in Northern California, (2) diversify and bring new expertise to Plumas’ agricultural lending business, and (3) strengthen the Company’s talent base.

Pursuant to the terms of the definitive merger agreement between the Company and FRB, each issued and outstanding share of common stock of FRB (the “Common Shares”), was converted into the right to receive, at the election of each holder of Common Shares, either (i) shares of common stock of the Company (“Plumas Common Stock”) or (ii) cash (the “Merger Consideration”). Shareholder elections were subject to proration such that aggregate Merger Consideration payable by the Company was comprised of (i) $4,738,583 in cash (the “Aggregate Cash Amount”) and (ii) 598,020 shares of Plumas Common Stock (the “Aggregate Plumas Share Amount”). Holders of Common Shares received either $19.14 in cash or 0.614 shares of Plumas Common Stock. The value of the total deal consideration was approximately $23.4 million, which is based upon the volume-weighted average trading price of Plumas common stock for the 10 trading days ending on the last trading day immediately preceding July 1, 2021, the closing date of the Merger.

Immediately after the Transaction, the newly combined company, operating as Plumas Bancorp with its banking subsidiary, Plumas Bank, had total assets of approximately $1.5 billion. The estimated fair value of assets acquired at July 1, 2021 was $205.0 million consisting of $28.4 million in cash, $160.4 million in net loans, $1.0 million in core deposit intangible, $5.5 million in goodwill and $9.7 million in other assets. The estimated fair value of deposits assumed totaled $176.7 million consisting of $89.5 million in non-interest bearing transaction accounts, $9.3 million in savings accounts, $45.6 million in money market accounts and $32.3 million in time deposits.

Critical Accounting Policies

Our accounting policies are integral to understanding the financial results reported. Our most complex accounting policies require management’s judgment to ascertain the valuation of assets, liabilities, commitments and contingencies. We have established detailed policies and internal control procedures that are intended to ensure valuation methods are applied in an environment that is designed and operating effectively and applied consistently from period to period. The following is a brief description of our current accounting policies involving significant management valuation judgments.

Allowance for Loan Losses. The allowance for loan losses is an estimate of credit losses inherent in the Company's loan portfolio that have been incurred as of the balance-sheet date. The allowance is established through a provision for loan losses which is charged to expense. Additions to the allowance are expected to maintain the adequacy of the total allowance after credit losses and loan growth. Credit exposures determined to be uncollectible are charged against the allowance. Cash received on previously charged off amounts is recorded as a recovery to the allowance. The overall allowance consists of two primary components, specific reserves related to impaired loans and general reserves for inherent losses related to loans that are collectively evaluated for impairment.

We evaluate our allowance for loan losses quarterly. We believe that the allowance for loan losses is a “critical accounting estimate” because it is based upon management’s assessment of various factors affecting the collectability of the loans, including current economic conditions, past credit experience, delinquency status, the value of the underlying collateral, if any, and a continuing review of the portfolio of loans.

We cannot provide you with any assurance that economic difficulties or other circumstances which would adversely affect our borrowers and their ability to repay outstanding loans will not occur which would be reflected in increased losses in our loan portfolio, which could result in actual losses that exceed reserves previously established.

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The following discussion is designed to provide a better understanding of significant trends related to the Company's financial condition, results of operations, liquidity and capital. It pertains to the Company's financial condition, changes in financial condition and results of operations as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 and for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2022. The discussion should be read in conjunction with the Company's audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto and the other financial information appearing elsewhere herein.

Overview

The Company recorded net income of $26.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2022, an increase of $5.4 million or 26% from net income of $21.0 million during the year ended December 31, 2021. Pretax income increased by $7.2 million, or 25%, to $35.7 million in 2022 from $28.5 million during the year ended December 31, 2021. Results for the twelve months ended December 31, 2022 and six months ended December 31, 2021, benefited from the acquisition of the Bank of Feather River (BFR), the wholly owned subsidiary of Feather River Bancorp, effective July 1, 2021. Total assets acquired from BFR, including goodwill, were $205 million. Loans acquired in the acquisition totaled $160 million and deposits totaled $177 million. Goodwill associated with the acquisition of Feather River Bancorp was $5.5 million and the core deposit intangible was $1.0 million.

In connection with the acquisition, the Company incurred a variety of non-recurring expenses. There were no material non-recurring expenses related to the acquisition during 2022. The non-recurring costs, exclusive of salaries and benefits, for the twelve months ended December 31, 2021, were $692 thousand consisting of $292 thousand in consulting costs including investment advisor fees, $171 thousand in legal expense, $175 thousand in outside service costs and $54 thousand in other expenses.

During the twelve months ended December 31, 2022, PPP fees net of the amortization of PPP origination costs were $1.3 million. This compares to $6.1 million during the twelve months ended December 31, 2021.

During the second and third quarters of 2021 the Company qualified for the Employee Retention Credit (ERC). The ERC was made available under the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act and modified and extended under the Taxpayer Certainty and Disaster Tax Relief Act of 2020. We recorded an ERC of $1.1 million during the 2021 second quarter and $1.2 million during the 2021 third quarter as a reduction of salary and benefit expense.

The provision for loan losses increased from $1.1 million during the twelve months ended December 31, 2021 to $1.3 million during 2022.

Net interest income increased by $11.6 million to $58.5 million during 2022 from $46.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2021. This increase in net interest income resulted from an increase in interest income of $11.7 million partially offset by an increase in interest expense of $113 thousand. Interest and fees on loans, including loans held for sale, increased by $2.4 million, interest on investment securities increased by $4.7 million and interest on other interest earning assets increased by $4.6 million.

During the year ended December 31, 2022 , non-interest income totaled $11.0 million, an increase of $2.3 million from the $8.7 million earned during 2021. Non-interest expense increased by $6.6 million from $26.0 million during 2021 to $32.6 million during the twelve months ending December 31, 2022. The provision for income taxes increased by $1.7 million from $7.5 million in 2021 to $9.2 million during the year ended December 31, 2022.

Total assets at December 31, 2022 were $1.6 billion, an increase of $7 million from December 31, 2021. The largest components of this increase were increases of $75 million in net loans, $139 million in investment securities and $18 million in accrued interest and other assets. These items were mostly offset by reductions of $197 million in cash and due from banks and $29 million in loans held for sale.

Gross loans, excluding loans held for sale, increased by $73 million, or 9%, from $839 million at December 31, 2021, to $912 million at December 31, 2022. Increases in loans included $97 million in commercial real estate loans, $8 million in automobile loans and $3 million in equity lines of credit; these items were partially offset by decreases of $23 million in commercial loans, $8 million in construction loans and $4 million in agricultural loans. Excluding PPP loan activity, commercial loans would have increased by $11 million and gross loans would have increased by $107 million or 13%. PPP loans totaled $300 thousand at December 31, 2022, and $35 million at December 31, 2021. Loans held for sale represent the guaranteed portion of SBA 7(a) loans. As of December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021 the Company had $2.3 million and $31.3 million, respectively in SBA government guaranteed loans held for sale.

Total deposits increased by $18.8 million from $1.4 billion at December 31, 2021 to $1.5 billion at December 31, 2022. The increase in deposits includes increases of $30 million in demand deposits and $27 million in savings accounts. These increases were partially offset by declines of $23 million in money market accounts, and $15 million in time deposits. At December 31, 2022, 53% of the Company’s deposits were in the form of non-interest bearing demand deposits.

Shareholders’ equity decreased by $15.1 million from $134.1 million at December 31, 2021 to $119.0 million at December 31, 2022. The $15.1 million decrease was related to a reduction in accumulated other comprehensive income/loss of $38.4 million from accumulated other comprehensive income of $1.6 million at December 31, 2021 to an accumulated other comprehensive loss of $36.8 million at December 31, 2022. In addition, shareholder dividends decreased shareholders’ equity by $3.7 million. These items were partially offset by earnings during 2022 of $26.4 million and $571 thousand representing stock option and restricted stock activity.

Return on average assets was 1.61% during the twelve months ended December 31, 2022, up from 1.52% during 2021. Return on average equity increased to 21.9% for the twelve months ended December 31, 2022, up from 17.8% during 2021.

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Results of Operations

Net Interest Income

The following table presents, for the years indicated, the distribution of consolidated average assets, liabilities and shareholders' equity. Average balances are based on average daily balances. It also presents the amounts of interest income from interest-earning assets and the resultant yields expressed in both dollars and yield percentages, as well as the amounts of interest expense on interest-bearing liabilities and the resultant cost expressed in both dollars and rate percentages. Nonaccrual loans are included in the calculation of average loans while nonaccrued interest thereon is excluded from the computation of yields earned.

Year ended December 31,

Interest Rates Interest Rates Interest Rates

Average income/ earned/ Average income/ earned/ Average income/ earned/

balance expense paid balance expense paid balance expense paid

(dollars in thousands)

Assets

Liabilities and shareholders’ equity

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The following table sets forth changes in interest income and interest expense, for the years indicated and the amount of change attributable to variances in volume, rates and the combination of volume and rates based on the relative changes of volume and rates:

Increase (decrease) due to change in: Increase (decrease) due to change in:

Average Average Average Average

Volume(1) Rate(2) Mix(3) Total Volume(1) Rate(2) Mix(3) Total

(dollars in thousands)

Interest-earning assets:

Interest-bearing liabilities:

Interest bearing demand deposits - - - - (77 ) - - (77 )

Junior subordinated debentures - 11 - 11 - (37 ) - (37 )

Repurchase agreements and other (1 ) 65 (5 ) 59 1 (4 ) - (3 )

2022compared to 2021. Net interest income is the difference between interest income and interest expense. Net interest income increased by $11.6 million to $58.5 million during 2022 from $46.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2021. Driven by a large increase in the federal funds rate during 2022, interest income increased by $11.7 million from $48.1 million during 2021 to $59.8 million during the twelve months ended December 31, 2022. The increase in the federal funds rate had a much smaller affect on the Company's interest expense which increased by $113 thousand to $1.2 million. Interest and fees on loans, including loans held for sale, increased by $2.4 million, interest on investment securities increased by $4.7 million and interest on interest-bearing cash and due from banks and deposits in banks increased by $4.6 million. Net interest margin for the year ended December 31, 2022 increased 19 basis points to 3.82%, up from 3.63% during 2021.

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The $2.4 million increase in interest and fees on loans and loans held for sale resulted from an increase in average balance of $65 million partially offset by a decrease in yield of 13 basis points to 5.28%. Included in interest and fees on loans during the current year were PPP fees net of costs of $1.3 million, a decrease of $4.8 million from $6.1 million during 2021. Excluding interest and fees on PPP loans, loan yield would have increased by 13 basis points to 5.18% for the current year compared to 5.05% during the twelve months ended December 31, 2021. Interest on investment securities increased by $4.7 million related to an increase in average balance of $122 million and an increase in yield of 68 basis points from 1.84% during 2021 to 2.52% during 2022. Yield on taxable investment securities increased by 81 basis points and yield on non-taxable investment securities increased by 43 basis points. Interest on interest-bearing cash and due from banks and deposits in banks, which primarily relates to interest on cash balances held at the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco, increased by $4.6 million related to an increase in average balance of $52 million and an increase in the average rate paid on these balances from 0.14% during 2021 to 1.61% during 2022. This is consistent with the increase in the federal funds rate during 2022 from an average of 0.13% during 2021 to an average of 1.76% during 2022.

Interest expense on deposits increased by $43 thousand to $823 thousand during 2022, up from $780 thousand during 2021. The average rate paid on interest bearing deposits decreased slightly from 0.13% during 2021 to 0.12% during 2022, while average interest bearing deposits increased by $128 million to $714 million. In recent months, market rates for deposits have increased significantly and we would expect in 2023 an increase in our cost of interest bearing deposits.

Interest expense on junior subordinated debentures increased by $11 thousand from $348 thousand during 2021 to $359 thousand during 2022 and interest on other interest bearing liabilities increased by $59 thousand to $67 thousand.

Net interest margin is net interest income expressed as a percentage of average interest-earning assets. As a result of the changes noted above, the net interest margin for 2022 increased by 19 basis points to 3.82%.

2021 compared to 2020. Net interest income increased by $8.5 million to $46.9 million during 2021 from $38.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2020. This increase in net interest income resulted from an increase in interest income of $8.4 million and a decline in interest expense of $92 thousand. Interest on loans, including loans held for sale, increased by $7.3 million, interest on investment securities increased by $978 thousand and interest on interest-bearing cash and due from banks and deposits in banks increased by $135 thousand. Net interest margin for the year ended December 31, 2021 decreased 39 basis points to 3.63%, down from 4.02% during 2020.

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Interest and fees on loans, including loans held for sale, increased by $7.3 million. This increase resulted from an increase in average balance of $102 million and an increase in yield of 26 basis points to 5.41%. Included in interest income during 2021 were the amortization of PPP fees, net of costs, of $6.1 million, an increase of $3.6 million from the same period in 2020. Excluding the effect of the PPP loans, loan yield would have declined by 18 basis points to 5.05% during 2021 and 5.23% during 2020. This is consistent with a decline in market interest rates during the comparison periods. Interest on investment securities increased by $978 thousand as an increase in average balance of $80 million was partially offset by a decline in yield of 31 basis points from 2.15% during 2020 to 1.84% during 2021.Yield on taxable investment securities declined by 37 basis points and yield on non-taxable investment securities declined by 28 basis points. Interest on interest-bearing cash and due from banks and deposits in banks, which primarily relates to interest on cash balances held at the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco, increased by $135 thousand related to an increase in average balance $157 million partially offset by a decline in the rate paid on these balances from 0.22% during 2020 to 0.14% during 2021.

Interest expense on deposits decreased by $52 thousand to $780 thousand during 2021, down from $832 thousand during 2020 . The largest components of this decrease were declines of $77 thousand in interest on Now accounts, and $6 thousand in interest on time deposits. The decline in NOW interest expense is related to the elimination of our NOW deposit product in November 2020. The largest increase in interest expense on deposits was an increase of $29 thousand in interest on money market accounts related to an increase in average balance of $110 million mostly offset by a decline in rate paid of 10 basis points from 24 basis points during 2020 to 14 basis points during 2021. The average rate paid on interest bearing deposits declined from 0.18% during 2020 to 0.13% during 2021, while average interest bearing deposits increased by $123 million to $586 million.

Interest expense on junior subordinated debentures decreased by $37 thousand from $385 thousand during 2020 to $348 thousand during the 2020. This decrease was related to a decrease in rate paid on junior subordinated debentures from 3.73% during 2020 to 3.38% during 2021. For most of the first half of 2020 interest on the debentures fluctuated with changes in the 3-month LIBOR rate. On May 26, 2020 we entered into two separate interest rate swap agreements, effectively converting the $10 million in Subordinated Debentures to fixed obligations effective with the quarterly payments due in September, 2020. The swaps have a 10 year maturity and fix the LIBOR rate on the Subordinated Debentures at approximately 75 basis points.

As a result of the changes noted above, the net interest margin for 2021 decreased by 39 basis points to 3.63%.

Provision for Loan Losses

During the year ended December 31, 2022 we recorded a provision for loan losses of $1.3 million an increase of $175 thousand from $1.1 million during the year ended December 31, 2021. See “Analysis of Asset Quality and Allowance for Loan Losses” for further discussion of loan quality trends and the provision for loan losses.

The allowance for loan losses is maintained at a level that management believes will be appropriate to absorb inherent losses on existing loans based on an evaluation of the collectability of the loans and prior loan loss experience. The evaluations take into consideration such factors as changes in the nature and volume of the portfolio, overall portfolio quality, review of specific problem loans, and current economic conditions that may affect the borrower's ability to repay their loan. The allowance for loan losses is based on estimates, and ultimate losses may vary from the current estimates.

These estimates are reviewed periodically and, as adjustments become necessary, they are reported in earnings in the periods in which they become known. Based on information currently available, management believes that the allowance for loan losses is appropriate to absorb potential risks in the portfolio. However, no assurance can be given that the Company may not sustain charge-offs which are in excess of the allowance in any given period.

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Non-Interest Income

The following table sets forth the components of non-interest income for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020.

Years Ended December 31, Change during Year

(dollars in thousands)

Gain on sale of building - - 218 - (218 )

Loss on sale of investments - (209 ) - 209 (209 )

2022 compared to 2021. During 2022, non-interest income totaled $11.0 million, an increase of $2.3 million from the $8.7 million earned during 2021. This increase included increases in several categories of non-interest income, the largest of which was $1.7 million in gains on sale of SBA loans. During 2022, we sold $50.5 million in guaranteed portions of SBA loans. This compares to sales of $14.2 million during 2021. Loans held for sale at December 31, 2022 and 2021 totaling $2.3 million and $31.3 million, respectively consist of the guaranteed portion of SBA 7(a) loans.

2021 compared to 2020. During 2021, non-interest income totaled $8.7 million, an increase of $253 thousand from the $8.5 million earned during 2020. This increase included increases in several categories of non-interest income, the largest of which were $711 thousand in interchange income, which was mostly related to an increase in the size of the bank, and $230 thousand in other income. The increase in other income mostly relates to insurance proceeds related to fire damage at our Greenville, California branch. These items were partially offset by decreases of $336 thousand in gains on sale of loans, a $218 thousand gain on sale of an administrative building in 2020 and a $209 thousand loss on sale of investment securities classified as available for sale. While gains on sale of loans decreased by $336 thousand, loans held for sale increased by $30.6 million to $31.3 million. During the year ended December 31, 2021 the Company sold twenty-nine available-for-sale investment securities for total proceeds of $20 million recording a $209 thousand loss on sale.

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Non-Interest Expense

The following table sets forth the components of other non-interest expense for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020.

Years Ended December 31, Change during Year

(dollars in thousands)

Provision from change in OREO valuation - 37 - (37 ) 37

Loss (gain) on sale of OREO 37 2 (9 ) 35 11

2022 compared to 2021. During 2022, non-interest expense increased by $6.6 million. The largest components of this increase were $4.7 million in salary and benefit expense, $627 thousand in occupancy and equipment costs, $304 thousand in outside service fees, $242 thousand in advertising and shareholder relations and $163 thousand in business development expense. The largest component of the increase in salary and benefit expense was related to a $2.3 million ERC recorded in 2021 as a reduction in salary and benefit expense. The ERC was made available under the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act and modified and extended under the Taxpayer Certainty and Disaster Tax Relief Act of 2020. Other significant increases in salary and benefit expense include $1.4 million in salary expense and $889 thousand in accrued bonus expense. The salary expense includes normal merit increases, promotional increases and and a full year of salaries at our Yuba City branch. The increase in bonus expense includes the affect of the increase in pretax pre-bonus income during the comparison period as well as an increase in performance compared to peers.

The increase in occupancy and equipment expense includes $293 thousand related to a full year of operations of our Yuba City branch. The largest components of the increase in outside service fees were $227 thousand in interchange fees and ATM processing costs and $90 thousand in human resources administration and payroll processing. The increase in advertising and shareholder costs mostly relates to an increase of $219 thousand in expense paid to an advertising agency which is primarily focused on building our brand in Northern Nevada. The increase in business development expense mostly relates to increases in travel, and education and training expenses from relatively low levels during 2021 and 2020 related to the Pandemic.

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2021 compared to 2020. During the twelve months ended December 31, 2021, total non-interest expense increased by $2.3 million from the comparable period in 2020. The largest components of this increase were increases of $882 thousand in outside service fees, $623 thousand in professional fees and $621 thousand in occupancy and equipment expense. Increases in outside service fees include operating costs associated with our Yuba City branch including data processing, item processing, statement processing, online banking expenses and network administration totaling $183 thousand and merger related costs of $175 thousand. Other significant increases in outside service fees include $121 thousand in interchange expense consistent with the increase in interchange income and $210 thousand in costs related to outsourcing of various Human Resources functions effective April 1, 2021. Professional fees included legal, investment banking, consulting and accounting costs related to the acquisition of Bank of Feather River totaling $482 thousand. In addition to merger related costs, the single largest increases in professional fees were $82 thousand in costs related to converting our loan files to a digital document imaging system and $66 thousand in consulting costs related to implementation of the current expected credit losses methodology for estimating allowances for credit losses. Both of these projects are ongoing. The largest single increase in occupancy and equipment costs was $325 thousand in occupancy and equipment costs at the Yuba City branch.

Partially offsetting the above increases in non-interest expense was a decline of $490 thousand in salary and benefit expense. We recorded an ERC of $2.3 million during 2021 as a reduction of salary and benefit expense. In addition to the ERC, the deferral of loan origination costs, which reduces salary and benefit expense, increased by $1.2 million which was mostly related to SBA loan production activities. These items were partially offset by an increase in other components of salary and benefit expense, the largest of which were an increase of $1.1 million in bonus expense consistent with the increase in pre-tax pre bonus income during the comparable periods and an increase in commission expense of $622 thousand related to an increase in SBA activity as well as commissions earned on PPP loan production and forgiveness activities and an increase in salary expense of $1.2 million of which $721 thousand was related to the Yuba City branch.

Provision for Income Taxes. The Company recorded an income tax provision of $9.2 million, or 25.9% of pre-tax income for the year ended December 31, 2022. This compares to an income tax provision of $7.5 million, or 26.2% of pre-tax income during 2021. The percentages for 2022 and 2021 differ from statutory rates as tax exempt items of income such as earnings on Bank owned life insurance and municipal securities interest decrease taxable income. The effect of these items during 2021 was somewhat offset by nondeductible merger expenses.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the tax consequences of temporary differences between the reported amount of assets and liabilities and their tax basis. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The determination of the amount of deferred income tax assets which are more likely than not to be realized is primarily dependent on projections of future earnings, which are subject to uncertainty and estimates that may change given economic conditions and other factors. The realization of deferred income tax assets is assessed and a valuation allowance is recorded if it is "more likely than not" that all or a portion of the deferred tax asset will not be realized. "More likely than not" is defined as greater than a 50% chance. All available evidence, both positive and negative is considered to determine whether, based on the weight of that evidence, a valuation allowance is needed. Based upon the analysis of available evidence, management has determined that it is "more likely than not" that all deferred income tax assets as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 will be fully realized and therefore no valuation allowance was recorded.

Financial Condition

Deposits totaled $1.5 billion at December 31, 2022, an increase of $18.8 million from December 31, 2021. Mostly related to a $38.4 million decrease in other comprehensive loss/income from income of $1.6 million at December 31, 2021 to a loss of $36.8 million at December 31, 2022, shareholders’ equity decreased by $15.1 million from $134.1 million at December 31, 2021 to $119.0 million at December 31, 2022.

Loan Portfolio. Gross loans, excluding loans held for sale, increased by $73 million, or 9%, from $839 million at December 31, 2021, to $912 million at December 31, 2022. Increases in loans included $97 million in commercial real estate loans, $8 million in automobile loans and $3 million in equity lines of credit; these items were partially offset by decreases of $23 million in commercial loans, $8 million in construction loans and $4 million in agricultural loans. Excluding PPP loan activity, commercial loans would have increased by $11 million and gross loans would have increased by $107 million or 13%. PPP loans totaled $300 thousand at December 31, 2022, and $35 million at December 31, 2021. Loans held for sale decreased by $29.0 million to $2.3 million at December 31, 2022. See page 36 for additional information related to Loans Held for Sale.

Although the Company offers a broad array of financing options, it continues to concentrate its focus on small to medium sized commercial businesses. These loans offer diversification as to industries and types of businesses, thus limiting material exposure in any industry concentrations. The Company offers both fixed and floating rate loans and obtains collateral in the form of real property, business assets and deposit accounts, but looks to business and personal cash flows as its primary source of repayment.

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As shown in the following table the Company's largest lending categories are commercial real estate loans, auto loans, agricultural loans and commercial loans.

Percent of Percent of

Loans in Loans in

Balance at Each Balance at Each

End of Category to End of Category to

(dollars in thousands) Period Total Loans Period Total Loans

Real estate – construction & land development 43,420 4.8 % 51,526 6.1 %

The Company’s real estate related loans, including real estate mortgage loans, real estate construction and land development loans, consumer equity lines of credit, and agricultural loans secured by real estate, comprised 77% of the total loan portfolio at December 31, 2022. Moreover, the business activities of the Company currently are focused in the California counties of Plumas, Nevada, Placer, Lassen, Modoc, Shasta, Sierra, and Sutter and in Washoe and Carson City Counties in Northern Nevada. Consequently, the results of operations and financial condition of the Company are dependent upon the general trends in these economies and, in particular, the commercial real estate markets. In addition, the concentration of the Company's operations in these areas of Northeastern California and Northwestern Nevada exposes it to greater risk than other banking companies with a wider geographic base in the event of catastrophes, such as earthquakes, fires and floods in these regions.

The rates of interest charged on variable rate loans are set at specific increments in relation to the Company's lending rate or other indexes such as the published prime interest rate or U.S. Treasury rates and vary with changes in these indexes. The frequency in which variable rate loans reprice can vary from one day to several years. At December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, approximately 80% and 76%, respectively of the Company's loan portfolio was comprised of variable rate loans. Loans indexed to the prime interest rate were approximately 23% of the Company’s loan portfolio; these loans reprice within one day to three months of a change in the prime rate. At December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, 51% and 55%, respectively of the variable loans were at their respective floor rate. While real estate mortgage, agricultural, commercial and consumer lending remain the foundation of the Company's historical loan mix, some changes in the mix have occurred due to the changing economic environment and the resulting change in demand for certain loan types.

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The following table sets forth the maturity of gross loan categories as of December 31, 2022. Also provided with respect to such loans are the amounts due after one year, classified according to sensitivity to changes in interest rates:

After One After 5

Within Through 5 Through 15 Due After 15

One Year Years Years Years

( in thousands)

Amount due after one year at fixed interest rates:

(in thousands)

Real estate – residential 8,750

Real estate – commercial 16,805

Real estate – construction & land development 2,445

Equity Lines of Credit -

Amount due after one year at variable interest rates:

(in thousands)

Real estate – residential 4,300

Real estate – commercial 443,873

Real estate – construction & land development 24,552

Equity Lines of Credit 27,705

Auto -

Other -

Analysis of Asset Quality and Allowance for Loan Losses. The Company attempts to minimize credit risk through its underwriting and credit review policies. The Company’s credit review process includes internally prepared credit reviews as well as contracting with an outside firm to conduct periodic credit reviews. The Company’s management and lending officers evaluate the loss exposure of classified and impaired loans on a quarterly basis, or more frequently as loan conditions change. The Management Asset Resolution Committee (MARC) reviews the asset quality of criticized and past due loans monthly and reports the findings to the full Board of Directors. In management's opinion, this loan review system helps facilitate the early identification of potential criticized loans. MARC also provides guidance for the maintenance and timely disposition of OREO properties including developing financing and marketing programs to incent individuals to purchase OREO. MARC consists of the Bank’s Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer and Chief Credit Officer, and the activities are governed by a formal written charter. The MARC meets monthly and reports to the Board of Directors.

The allowance for loan losses is established through charges to earnings in the form of the provision for loan losses. Loan losses are charged to and recoveries are credited to the allowance for loan losses. The allowance for loan losses is maintained at a level deemed appropriate by management to provide for known and inherent risks in the loan portfolio. The adequacy of the allowance for loan losses is based upon management's continuing assessment of various factors affecting the collectability of loans including current economic conditions, maturity of the portfolio, size of the portfolio, industry concentrations, borrower credit history, collateral, the existing allowance for loan losses, independent credit reviews, current charges and recoveries to the allowance for loan losses and the overall quality of the portfolio as determined by management, regulatory agencies, and independent credit review consultants retained by the Company. There is no precise method of predicting specific losses or amounts which may ultimately be charged off on particular segments of the loan portfolio. The collectability of a loan is subjective to some degree, but must relate to the borrower’s financial condition, cash flow, quality of the borrower’s management expertise, collateral and guarantees, and state of the local economy.

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Formula allocations are calculated by applying loss factors to outstanding loans with similar characteristics. Loss factors are based on the Company’s historical loss experience as adjusted for changes in the business cycle and may be adjusted for significant factors that, in management's judgment, affect the collectability of the portfolio as of the evaluation date. Historical loss data from the beginning of the latest business cycle are incorporated in the loss factors.

The discretionary allocation is based upon management’s evaluation of various loan segment conditions that are not directly measured in the determination of the formula and specific allowances. The conditions may include, but are not limited to, general economic and business conditions affecting the key lending areas of the Company, credit quality trends, collateral values, loan volumes and concentrations, and other business conditions. We have added a new specific pandemic qualitative factor to our allowance for loan loss calculation and have increased the qualitative factor related to economic conditions. These changes resulted in the need for additional loan loss provision during 2020. See Item 1A - Risk Factors for a discussion of the COVID-19 global pandemic and its potential effect on the Company's current and future financial position and results of operations.

Beginning January 1, 2023, we are subject to new accounting standard ASU No. 2016-13, Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. The new standard significantly changes how entities measure credit losses for most financial assets and certain other instruments that aren’t measured at fair value through net income.

The new standard replaces the earlier “incurred loss” approach with an “expected loss” model. The new model, referred to as the current expected credit loss (“CECL”) model, applies to: (1) financial assets subject to credit losses and measured at amortized cost, and (2) certain off-balance sheet credit exposures. This includes, but is not limited to, loans, leases, held-to-maturity securities, loan commitments, and financial guarantees. The CECL model does not apply to available-for-sale (“AFS”) debt securities. For AFS debt securities with unrealized losses, entities will measure credit losses in a manner similar to what they do today, except that the losses will be recognized as allowances rather than reductions in the amortized cost of the securities. The ASU also simplifies the accounting model for purchased credit-impaired debt securities and loans. ASU No. 2016-13 also expands the disclosure requirements regarding an entity’s assumptions, models, and methods for estimating the allowance for loan and lease losses. Entities will apply the standard’s provisions as a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the beginning of the first reporting period in which the guidance is effective (i.e., modified retrospective approach). The federal banking regulators, including the Federal Reserve and the FDIC, have adopted a rule that gives a banking organization the option to phase in over a three-year period the day-one adverse effects of CECL on its regulatory capital.

To implement the CECL model, we established an implementation team chaired by our Chief Lending Officer and composed of members of our credit administration and accounting departments, invested in technology to support the CECL calculation of the allowance for loan losses and engaged a consultant to review our CECL model and to assist us in documenting aspects of the CECL model.

Based on the loan portfolio composition, characteristics and quality of the loan portfolio as of December 31, 2022, and the current economic environment, management estimates that the total allowance for loan losses will increase by between $500,000 and $800,000. The estimated decline in equity, net of tax, will range from $350,000 to $550,000. The economic conditions, forecasts and assumptions used in the model could be significantly different in future periods. The impact of the change in the allowance on our results of operations in a provision for credit losses will depend on the current period net charge-offs, level of loan originations, and change in mix of the loan portfolio. The ranges noted above exclude any impact to the Company's reserve for unfunded commitments, which is expected to increase by between $250,000 and $350,000. The estimated decline in equity, net of tax, will range from $175,000 to $250,000. As time progresses and the results of economic conditions require model assumption inputs to change, further refinements to the estimation process may also be identified.

During the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 we recorded a provision for loan losses of $1.3 million and $1.1 million, respectively. Net charge-offs totaled $935 thousand during the year ended December 31, 2022, an increase of $260 thousand from $675 thousand during the year ended December 31, 2021. Net charge-offs as a percentage of average loans increased from 0.09% during 2021 to 0.11% during the year ended December 31, 2022.

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The following table provides selected credit ratios as of December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020:

(dollars in thousands) As of and for the Year Ended December 31,

Allowance for loan losses to total loans outstanding 1.18 % 1.23 % 1.40 %

Nonaccrual loans to total loans outstanding 0.13 % 0.58 % 0.36 %

Net charge-offs during the period to average loans outstanding:

Net charge-off during the period $ 180 $ 116 $ 97

Net charge-off during the period $ - $ - $ -

Real estate - residential (0.02 %) (0.03 %) (0.11 %)

Net charge-off during the period $ (3 ) $ (3 ) $ (15 )

Net charge-off during the period $ 17 $ (8 ) $ (8 )

Real estate - construction & land development 0.00 % 0.00 % 0.00 %

Net charge-off during the period $ - $ - $ -

Equity lines of credit (0.00 %) (0.01 %) (0.01 %)

Net charge-off during the period $ - $ (4 ) $ (4 )

Net charge-off during the period $ 713 $ 567 $ 374

Net charge-off during the period $ 28 $ 7 $ 72

Net charge-off during the period $ 935 $ 675 $ 516

The allowance for loan losses totaled $10.7 million at December 31, 2022 and $10.4 million at December 31, 2021. Specific reserves related to impaired loans decreased by $8 thousand from $28 thousand at December 31, 2021 to $20 thousand at December 31, 2022. At December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company's recorded investment in impaired loans totaled $1.2 million and $4.9 million, respectively. At least quarterly the Company evaluates each specific reserve and if it determines that the loss represented by the specific reserve is uncollectable it records a charge-off for the uncollectable portion. General reserves were $10.7 million at December 31, 2022 and $10.3 million at December 31, 2021. The allowance for loan losses as a percentage of total loans decreased from 1.23% at December 31, 2021 to 1.18% at December 31, 2022. The percentage of general reserves to unimpaired loans totaled 1.17% at December 31, 2022 and 1.24% at December 31, 2021.

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The following table provides a breakdown of the allowance for loan losses:

Percent of Percent of

Loans in Loans in

Balance at Each Balance at Each

End of Category to End of Category to

(dollars in thousands) Period Total Loans Period Total Loans

Real estate – construction & land development 1,500 4.8 % 1,325 6.1 %

The Company places loans 90 days or more past due on nonaccrual status unless the loan is well secured and in the process of collection. A loan is considered to be in the process of collection if, based on a probable specific event, it is expected that the loan will be repaid or brought current. Generally, this collection period would not exceed 90 days. When a loan is placed on nonaccrual status the Company's general policy is to reverse and charge against current income previously accrued but unpaid interest. Interest income on such loans is subsequently recognized only to the extent that cash is received and future collection of principal is deemed by management to be probable. Where the collectability of the principal or interest on a loan is considered to be doubtful by management, it is placed on nonaccrual status prior to becoming 90 days delinquent.

Impaired loans are measured based on the present value of the expected future cash flows discounted at the loan's effective interest rate or the fair value of the collateral if the loan is collateral dependent. The amount of impaired loans is not directly comparable to the amount of nonperforming loans disclosed later in this section. The primary difference between impaired loans and nonperforming loans is that impaired loan recognition considers not only loans 90 days or more past due, restructured loans and nonaccrual loans but also may include identified problem loans other than delinquent loans where it is considered probable that we will not collect all amounts due to us (including both principal and interest) in accordance with the contractual terms of the loan agreement.

A restructuring of a debt constitutes a troubled debt restructuring (TDR) if the Company, for economic or legal reasons related to the debtor's financial difficulties, grants a concession to the debtor that it would not otherwise consider. Restructured workout loans typically present an elevated level of credit risk as the borrowers are not able to perform according to the original contractual terms. Loans that are reported as TDRs are considered impaired and measured for impairment as described above.

Loans restructured (TDRs) and not included in nonperforming loans in the following table totaled $0.8 million at December 31, 2022 and $0.9 million at December 31, 2021 and 2020. For additional information related to restructured loans see Note 5 of the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 - Financial Statements and Supplementary Data of this Annual Report on Form 10-K

The following table sets forth the amount of the Company's nonperforming assets as of the dates indicated.

At December 31,

(dollars in thousands)

Loans past due 90 days or more and still accruing - - -

Other real estate owned - 487 403

Interest income forgone on nonaccrual loans $ 121 $ 381 $ 119

Interest income recorded on a cash basis on nonaccrual loans $ - $ - $ -

Nonperforming loans to total loans 0.13 % 0.58 % 0.36 %

Nonperforming assets to total assets 0.07 % 0.33 % 0.27 %

Nonperforming loans at December 31, 2022 were $1.2 million, a decrease of $3.7 million from the $4.9 million balance at December 31, 2021. There were no specific reserves on nonaccrual loans at December 31, 2022 and 2021. Performing loans past due thirty to eighty-nine days were $8.8 million at December 31, 2022, up from $3.5 million at December 31, 2021. Performing loans past due thirty to eighty-nine days were $1.2 million at December 31, 2020. Nonperforming assets as a percentage of total assets were 0.07% at December 31, 2022 and 0.33% at December 31, 2021.

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A substandard loan is not adequately protected by the current sound worth and paying capacity of the borrower or the value of the collateral pledged, if any. Total substandard loans decreased by $2.1 million from $5.5 million at December 31, 2021 to $3.4 million at December 31, 2022. Loans classified as special mention increased by $17.8 million from $5.0 million at December 31, 2021 to $22.8 million at December 31, 2022.

Loans Held for Sale. Included in the loan portfolio are loans which are 75% to 90% guaranteed by the Small Business Administration (SBA), US Department of Agriculture Rural Business Cooperative Service (RBS) and Farm Services Agency (FSA). The guaranteed portion of these loans may be sold to a third party, with the Bank retaining the unguaranteed portion. The Company can receive a premium in excess of the adjusted carrying value of the loan at the time of sale.

As of December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021 the Company had $2.3 million and $31.3 million, respectively in SBA government guaranteed loans held for sale. Loans held for sale are recorded at the lower of cost or fair value and therefore may be reported at fair value on a non-recurring basis. The fair values for loans held for sale are based on either observable transactions of similar instruments or formally committed loan sale prices.

OREO represents real property acquired by the Bank either through foreclosure or through a deed in lieu thereof from the borrower. Repossessed assets include vehicles and other commercial assets acquired under agreements with delinquent borrowers. There was no OREO holdings at December 31, 2022. OREO holdings represented three properties totaling $487 thousand at December 31, 2021.

The following table provides a summary of the change in the number and balance of OREO properties for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, dollars in thousands:

Year Ended December 31,

Provision from change in OREO valuation - - - (37 )

Ending Balance - $ - 3 $ 487

Investment Portfolio and Federal Reserve Balances. Total investment securities were $445 million as of December 31, 2022 and $306 million as of December 31, 2021. Net unrealized losses on available-for-sale investment securities totaling $54.2 million were recorded, net of $16.0 million in tax benefit, as accumulated other comprehensive loss within shareholders' equity at December 31, 2022. Net unrealized gains on available-for-sale investment securities totaling $1.7 million were recorded, net of $493 thousand in tax expense, as accumulated other comprehensive income within shareholders' equity at December 31, 2021. No securities were sold during the year ended December 31, 2022. During the year ended December 31, 2021 the Company sold twenty-nine available-for-sale investment securities for total proceeds of $20 million recording a $209 thousand loss on sale. The change from an unrealized gain of $1.7 million to an unrealized loss of $54.2 million was related to a significant increase in market rates. During the first quarter of 2022 the Federal Reserve began increasing the Federal Funds rate to combat inflationary pressures in the economy. The Federal Funds rate has increased 425 basis points during the twelve months ended December 31, 2022 .

The investment portfolio at December 31, 2022 consisted of $9.7 million in U.S. Treasury securities, $214.4 million in securities of U.S. Government-sponsored agencies residential mortgage back securities, $99.6 million in securities of U.S. Government-agencies commercial mortgage-backed securites and 239 municipal securities totaling $121.0 million. The investment portfolio at December 31, 2021 consisted of $151.0 million in securities of U.S. Government-sponsored agencies residential mortgage back securities, $57.2 million in securities of U.S. Government-agencies commercial mortgage-backed securites and 188 municipal securities totaling $97.7 million.

The Company classifies its investment securities as available-for-sale or held-to-maturity. Currently all securities are classified as available-for-sale. Securities classified as available-for-sale may be sold to implement the Company's asset/liability management strategies and in response to changes in interest rates, prepayment rates and similar factors.

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The following table summarizes the maturities of the Company's securities at their carrying value, which represents fair value, and their weighted average tax equivalent yields at December 31, 2022. Mortgage-backed securities are included in maturity categories based on their stated maturity date. Expected maturities may differ from contractual maturities because the issuers may have the right to call or prepay obligations.

After One Through After Five Through

Deposits. Deposits represent the Bank's primary source of funds. Deposits are primarily core deposits in that they are demand, savings and time deposits generated from local businesses and individuals. These sources are considered to be relatively stable, long-term relationships thereby enhancing steady growth of the deposit base without major fluctuations in overall deposit balances. The Company experiences, to a small degree, some seasonality with the slower growth period between November through April, and the higher growth period from May through October. To assist in meeting any funding demands, the Company maintains a secured borrowing arrangement with the FHLB. Total deposits increased by $18.8 million from $1.4 billion at December 31, 2021, to $1.5 billion at December 31, 2022. The increase in deposits includes increases of $30 million in demand deposits and $27 million in savings accounts. These increases were partially offset by declines of $23 million in money market accounts, and $15 million in time deposits. At December 31, 2022, 53% of the Company’s deposits were in the form of non-interest bearing demand deposits.

The following tables show the distribution of deposits by type at December 31, 2022 and 2021 and the average balance and rates paid on deposits for the three years ending December 31, 2020:

Percent of Percent of

Deposits in Deposits in

Each Category Each Category

Balance at End to Total Balance at End to Total

of Period Deposits of Period Deposits

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The following table shows the Company's time deposits in excess of the FDIC insurance limit and time deposits otherwise uninsured at December 31, 2022 (dollars in thousands):

Amount

Portion of time deposits in excess of insurance limit $ 3,811

Time deposits otherwise uninsured $ -

Time deposits of $250,000 or more are generally from the Company's local business and individual customer base. The potential impact on the Company's liquidity from the withdrawal of these deposits is discussed at the Company's asset and liability management committee meetings, and is considered to be minimal.

Short-term Borrowing Arrangements. The Company is a member of the FHLB and can borrow up to $233 million from the FHLB secured by commercial and residential mortgage loans with carrying values totaling $504 million. The Company is required to hold FHLB stock as a condition of membership. At December 31, 2022 the Company held $5.0 million of FHLB stock which is recorded as a component of other assets. Based on this level of stock holdings the Company can borrow up to $183.8 million. To borrow the full $233 million in available credit the Company would need to purchase $1.3 million in additional FHLB stock. In addition to its FHLB borrowing line, the Company has unsecured short-term borrowing agreements with two of its correspondent banks in the amounts of $50 million and $20 million. There were no outstanding borrowings to the FHLB or the correspondent banks at December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021.

Note Payable. The Company maintained a $15 million line of credit facility with one of its correspondent banks (the "Note"). Interest on the Note was payable at the "Prime Rate". There were no borrowings on the Note during 2022 or 2021. The Note was secured by 100 shares of Plumas Bank stock representing the Company's 100% ownership interest in Plumas Bank. Under the Note, the Bank was subject to several negative and affirmative covenants including, but not limited to, providing timely financial information, maintaining specified levels of capital, restrictions on additional borrowings, and meeting or exceeding certain capital and asset quality ratios. The Bank was in compliance with all such covenants related to the Note at December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020.

On January 25, 2022 the Company replaced this facility with a $15 million Loan Agreement (the “Loan Agreement”) and Promissory Note (the “Term Note”). The Term Note matures on January 25, 2035 and can be prepaid at any time. During the initial three years of the Loan Agreement the Term Note functions as an interest only revolving line of credit. Beginning on year four the Term Note converts into a term loan requiring semi-annual principal and interest payments and no further advances can be made. The proceeds of this lending facility shall be used by the Company for general corporation purposes, and to provide capital injections into the Bank. The Term Note bears interest at a fixed rate of 3.85% for the first 5 years and then at a floating interest rate linked to WSJ Prime Rate for the remaining eight year term. The Loan Agreement provides for a $187,500 loan fee. The Note is secured by the common stock of the Bank. The Loan Agreement contains certain financial and non-financial covenants, which include, but are not limited to, a minimum leverage ratio at the Bank, a minimum total risk-based capital ratio at the Bank, a maximum Texas Ratio at the Bank, a minimum level of Tier 1 capital at the Bank and a return on average assets needed to generate a 1.25X debt service coverage ratio. The Loan Agreement also contains customary events of default, including, but not limited to, failure to pay principal or interest, the commencement of certain bankruptcy proceedings, and certain adverse regulatory events affecting the Company or the Bank. Upon the occurrence of an event of default under the Loan Agreement, the Company’s obligations under the Loan Agreement may be accelerated. The Company was in compliance with all covenants related to the Term Note at December 31, 2022 and has not borrowed on the Term Note.

Repurchase Agreements. The Bank offers a repurchase agreement product for its larger customers which use securities sold under agreements to repurchase as an alternative to interest-bearing deposits. Securities sold under agreements to repurchase totaling $18.6 million and $17.3 million at December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively, are secured by U.S. Government agency securities with a carrying amount of $29.6 million and $23.0 million at December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. Interest paid on this product is similar to that which is paid on the Bank’s money market accounts; however, these are not deposits and are not FDIC insured.

Junior Subordinated Deferrable Interest Debentures. Plumas Statutory Trust I and II are business trust subsidiaries formed by the Company with capital of $374 thousand and $188 thousand, respectively, for the sole purpose of issuing trust preferred securities fully and unconditionally guaranteed by the Company. During 2002, Trust I issued 6,000 Floating Rate Capital Trust Pass-Through Securities ("Trust Preferred Securities"), with a liquidation value of $1,000 per security, for gross proceeds of $6,000,000. During 2005, Trust II issued 4,000 Trust Preferred Securities with a liquidation value of $1,000 per security, for gross proceeds of $4,000,000. The entire proceeds were invested by Trust I in the amount of $6,186,000 and Trust II in the amount of $4,124,000 in Floating Rate Junior Subordinated Deferrable Interest Debentures (the "Subordinated Debentures") issued by the Company, with identical maturity, repricing and payment terms as the Trust Preferred Securities. The Subordinated Debentures represent the sole assets of Trusts I and II.

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Trust I’s Subordinated Debentures mature on September 26, 2032, bear a current interest rate of 8.12% (based on 3-month LIBOR plus 3.40%), with repricing and payments due quarterly. Trust II’s Subordinated Debentures mature on September 28, 2035, bear a current interest rate of 6.25% (based on 3-month LIBOR plus 1.48%), with repricing and payments due quarterly. The interest rate of the Trust Preferred Securities issued by Trust I adjust on each quarterly anniversary date to equal the 3-month LIBOR plus 3.40%. The Trust Preferred Securities issued by Trust II adjust on each quarterly anniversary date to equal the 3-month LIBOR plus 1.48%. Both Trusts I and II have the option to defer payment of the distributions for a period of up to five years, as long as the Company is not in default on the payment of interest on the Subordinated Debentures.

Net interest expense recognized by the Company for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 related to the subordinated debentures was $359,000, $348,000 and $385,000, respectively. Interest expense is recorded net of the interest paid/received on our interest rate swaps. See the following paragraph for a description of the swaps.

Interest Rate Swaps. On May 26, 2020 we entered into two separate interest rate swap agreements with notional amounts totaling $10 million, effectively converting the $10 million in Subordinated Debentures to fixed obligations. The swaps have a 10 year maturity and fix the labor rate on the Subordinated Debentures at approximately 75 basis points. These agreements have been designated and qualify as cash flow hedging instruments and, as such changes in the fair value are recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income/loss to the extent the agreements are effective hedges. The swaps were determined to be fully effective during all periods presented. As such, no amount of ineffectiveness has been included in net income. Therefore, the aggregate fair value of the swaps is recorded in other assets with changes in fair value recorded in other comprehensive income. The amount included in accumulated other comprehensive income would be reclassified to current earnings should the hedges no longer be considered effective. The Company expects the hedges to remain fully effective during the remaining terms of the swaps. At December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021 the carrying value of the swaps, which was included in other assets, was an unrealized gain of $2.0 million and $607 thousand, respectively. In January, 2023 we terminated the swap agreements receiving $1.7 million in proceeds on termination.

Capital Resources

It is the policy of the Company to periodically distribute excess retained earnings to the shareholders through the payment of cash dividends. Such dividends help promote shareholder value and capital adequacy by enhancing the marketability of the Company’s stock. All authority to provide a return to the shareholders in the form of a cash or stock dividend or split rests with the Board of Directors. The Board will periodically, but on no regular schedule, review the appropriateness of a cash dividend payment. Banking regulations limit the amount of dividends that may be paid without prior approval of regulatory agencies. The Company is subject to various restrictions on the payment of dividends. Quarterly cash dividends of $0.16 were paid on November 15, 2022, August 15, 2022, May 16, 2022 and February 15, 2022 and quarterly cash dividends of $0.14 per share were paid on November 15, 2021, August 16, 2021, May 17, 2021 and February 15, 2021.

Capital Standards. The Company uses a variety of measures to evaluate its capital adequacy. Management reviews these capital measurements on a monthly basis and takes appropriate action to ensure that they are within established internal and external guidelines. The FDIC has promulgated risk-based capital guidelines for all state non-member banks such as the Bank. These guidelines establish a risk-adjusted ratio relating capital to different categories of assets and off-balance sheet exposures.

In July, 2013, the federal bank regulatory agencies adopted rules implementing the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision’s capital guidelines for U.S. depository organizations, sometimes called “Basel III,” that increased the minimum regulatory capital requirements for bank holding companies and depository institutions and implemented strict eligibility criteria for regulatory capital instruments. The Basel III capital rules include a minimum common equity Tier 1 ratio of 4.5%, a Tier 1 capital ratio of 6.0%, a total risk-based capital ratio of 8.0%, and a minimum leverage ratio of 4.0% (calculated as Tier 1 capital to average consolidated assets). The minimum capital levels required to be considered “well capitalized” include a common equity Tier 1 ratio of 6.5%, a Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio of 8.0%, a total risk-based capital ratio of 10.0% and a leverage ratio of 5.0%. In addition, the Basel III capital rules require that banking organizations maintain a capital conservation buffer of 2.5% above the minimum capital requirements in order to avoid restrictions on their ability to pay dividends, repurchase stock or pay discretionary bonuses. Including the capital conservation buffer of 2.5%, the Basel III capital rules require the following minimum ratios for a bank holding company or bank to be considered well capitalized: a common equity Tier 1 capital ratio of 7.0%, a Tier 1 capital ratio of 8.5%, and a total capital ratio of 10.5%. At December 31, 2021, the Company’s and the Bank’s capital ratios exceeded the thresholds necessary to be considered “well capitalized” under the Basel III framework.

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Under the FRB’s Small Bank Holding Company and Savings and Loan Holding Company Policy Statement (the “Policy Statement”), qualifying bank holding companies with less than $3 billion in consolidated assets are exempt from the Basel III consolidated capital rules. The Company qualifies for treatment under the Policy Statement and is not currently subject to the Basel III consolidated capital rules at the bank holding company level. The Basel III capital rules continue to apply to the Bank.

In 2019, the federal bank regulators issued a rule establishing a “community bank leverage ratio” (the ratio of a bank’s tier 1 capital to average total consolidated assets) that qualifying institutions with less than $10 billion in assets may elect to use in lieu of the generally applicable leverage and risk-based capital requirements under Basel III. A qualifying banking organization that elects to use the new ratio will be considered to have met all applicable federal regulatory capital and leverage requirements, including the minimum capital levels required to be considered “well capitalized, ” if it maintains community bank leverage ratio capital exceeding 9%. The new rule became effective on January 1, 2020. Plumas Bank has chosen not to opt into the community bank leverage ratio at this time.

The following table sets forth the Bank's actual capital amounts and ratios (dollar amounts in thousands):

Minimum Amount of Capital Required

To be Well-Capitalized

For Capital Under Prompt

Actual Adequacy Purposes (1) Corrective Provisions

Amount Ratio Amount Ratio Amount Ratio

(1) Does not include amounts required to maintain the capital conservation buffer under the new capital rules

Management believes that the Bank met all its capital adequacy requirements as of December 31, 2022.

The current and projected capital positions of the Bank and the impact of capital plans and long-term strategies are reviewed regularly by management. The Company policy is to maintain the Bank’s ratios above the prescribed well-capitalized ratios at all times.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

Loan Commitments. In the normal course of business, there are various commitments outstanding to extend credits that are not reflected in the financial statements. Commitments to extend credit and letters of credit are agreements to lend to a customer as long as there is no violation of any condition established in the contract. Annual review of commercial credit lines, letters of credit and ongoing monitoring of outstanding balances reduces the risk of loss associated with these commitments. As of December 31, 2022, the Company had $178.7 million in unfunded loan commitments and no letters of credit. This compares to $162.5 million in unfunded loan commitments and $12 thousand in letters of credit at December 31, 2021. Of the $178.7 million in unfunded loan commitments, $115.6 million and $63.1 million represented commitments to commercial and consumer customers, respectively. Of the total unfunded commitments at December 31, 2022, $108.4 million were secured by real estate, of which $54.9 million was secured by commercial real estate and $53.5 million was secured by residential real estate mostly in the form of equity lines of credit. The commercial loan commitments not secured by real estate primarily represent business lines of credit, while the consumer loan commitments not secured by real estate primarily represent revolving credit card lines and overdraft protection lines. Since some of the commitments are expected to expire without being drawn upon the total commitment amounts do not necessarily represent future cash requirements.

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Operating Leases. The Company leases three depository branches, one of which is a land lease on which we own the building, three lending offices, three administrative offices and two non-branch automated teller machine locations. The expiration dates of the leases vary, with the first such lease expiring during 2024 and the last such lease expiring during 2044. Including variable lease expense, total rent expense for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 was $611,000, $507,000 and $407,000, respectively.

Liquidity

The Company manages its liquidity to provide the ability to generate funds to support asset growth, meet deposit withdrawals (both anticipated and unanticipated), fund customers' borrowing needs, satisfy maturity of short-term borrowings and maintain reserve requirements. The Company’s liquidity needs are managed using assets or liabilities, or both. On the asset side, in addition to cash and due from banks, the Company maintains an investment portfolio which includes unpledged U.S. Government-sponsored agency securities that are classified as available-for-sale. On the liability side, liquidity needs are managed by charging competitive offering rates on deposit products and the use of established lines of credit.

The Company is a member of the FHLB and can borrow up to $233 million from the FHLB secured by commercial and residential mortgage loans with carrying values totaling $504 million. See “Short-term Borrowing Arrangements” for additional information on our FHLB borrowing capacity. In addition to its FHLB borrowing line, the Company has unsecured short-term borrowing agreements with three of its correspondent banks in the amounts of $50 million and $20 million. There were no outstanding borrowings to the correspondent banks under these agreements at December 31, 2022 and 2021. There was a $5 million outstanding balance on the FHLB line at December 31 2020. This borrowing matured on May 7, 2021 and was non-interest bearing. There was no outstanding balance on the FHLB borrowing line at December 31, 2022 and 2021.

Customer deposits are the Company’s primary source of funds. Total deposits increased by $18.8 million from $1.4 billion at December 31, 2021, to $1.5 billion at December 31, 2022. Deposits are held in various forms with varying maturities. The Company’s securities portfolio, Federal funds sold, FHLB advances, and cash and due from banks serve as the primary sources of liquidity, providing adequate funding for loans during periods of high loan demand. During periods of decreased lending, funds obtained from the maturing or sale of investments, loan payments, and new deposits are invested in short-term earning assets, such as cash held at the FRB, Federal funds sold and investment securities, to serve as a source of funding for future loan growth. Management believes that the Company’s available sources of funds, including borrowings, will provide adequate liquidity for its operations in the foreseeable future.

ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

As a smaller reporting company we are not required to provide the information required by this item.

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ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA

The following consolidated financial statements of Plumas Bancorp and subsidiary, and report of the independent registered public accounting firm, are included in the Annual Report of Plumas Bancorp to its shareholders for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020.

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Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting F-2

Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 F-5

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements F-13

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MANAGEMENT’S REPORT ON INTERNAL CONTROL OVER FINANCIAL REPORTING

Management of Plumas Bancorp and subsidiary (the “Company”) is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting. The Company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed under the supervision of the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of the Company’s financial statements for external reporting purposes in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

As of December 31, 2022, management assessed the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on the framework established in the 2013Internal Control — Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). Based on this assessment, management has determined that the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2022, is effective.

Eide Bailly LLP the independent registered public accounting firm that audited the 2022 consolidated financial statements included in this annual report on Form 10-K, has issued an audit report on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2022, which is included herein.

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REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the Board of Directors and Shareholders

Plumas Bancorp and Subsidiary

Reno, Nevada

Opinion on the Consolidated Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Plumas Bancorp and Subsidiary (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, and the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, changes in shareholders’ equity, and cash flows, for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2022, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “financial statements”). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2022, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

We have also audited, in accordance with auditing standards generally accepted in the United States of America, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2022, based on criteria established in 2013 Internal Control – Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) and our report dated March 16, 2023, expressed an unmodified opinion.

Basis for Opinion

These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) ("PCAOB") and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud.

Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risk of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

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REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

(Continued)

Critical Audit Matters

The critical audit matters communicated below are matters arising from the current period audit of the financial statements that were communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relate to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matters below, providing separate opinions on the critical audit matters or on the accounts or disclosures to which they relate.

Allowance for Loan Losses

As discussed in Note 5 to the Company’s consolidated financial statements, the Company has a gross loan portfolio, net of deferred fees and costs of $914.7 million and related allowance for loan losses of $10.7 million as of December 31, 2022. The Company’s allowance for loan losses is a material and complex estimate requiring significant management judgment in the evaluation of the credit quality and the estimation of inherent losses within the loan portfolio. The allowance for loan losses includes a general reserve which is determined based on the results of a quantitative and a qualitative analysis of all loans not measured for impairment at the reporting date.

The Company’s general reserves cover non-impaired loans and is based primarily on historical loss rates and qualitative loss factors for each loan segment. In calculating the allowance for loan losses, the Company considers relevant credit quality indicators for each loan segment, stratifies loans by risk rating, and estimates losses for each loan type based upon their nature and risk profile. This process requires significant management judgment in the review of the loan portfolio and assignment of risk ratings based upon the characteristics of loans. In addition, estimation of losses inherent within the portfolio requires significant management judgment in considering the periods of historical loss data to be included in their quantitative analysis.

Auditing these complex judgments and assumptions involves especially challenging auditor judgment due to the nature and extent of audit evidence and effort required to address these matters, including the extent of specialized skill or knowledge needed.

The primary procedures we performed to address this critical audit matter included:

/s/ Eide Bailly LLP

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2019. Vavrinek, Trine, Day & Co., LLP, who joined Eide Bailly LLP in 2019, had served as the Company’s auditor since 2013.

San Ramon, California

March 16, 2023

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PLUMAS BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARY

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

December 31, 2022 and 2021

ASSETS

Other real estate owned - 487,000

LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY

Deposits:

Commitments and contingencies (Note 12)

Shareholders' equity:

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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PLUMAS BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARY

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME

For the Years Ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020

Interest income:

Interest on investment securities:

Interest expense:

Non-interest income:

Loss on sale of investment securities - (209,000 ) -

(Continued)

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PLUMAS BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARY

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME

(Continued)

For the Years Ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020

Non-interest expenses:

Basic earnings per common share $ 4.53 $ 3.82 $ 2.80

Diluted earnings per common share $ 4.47 $ 3.76 $ 2.77

Common dividends per share $ 0.64 $ 0.56 $ 0.36

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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PLUMAS BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARY

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

For the Years Ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020

Other comprehensive (loss) income:

Reclassification adjustments for net loss included in net income - 209,000 -

Related income tax effect:

Reclassification of loss included in net income - (62,000 ) -

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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PLUMAS BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARY

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY

For the Years Ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020

Accumulated

Other

Comprehensive Total

Common Stock Retained Income Shareholders’

Shares Amount Earnings (Net of Taxes) Equity

Grants of restricted stock 1,650

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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PLUMAS BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARY

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

For the Years Ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020

Cash flows from operating activities:

Loss on sale of investment securities - 209,000 -

Gain on sale of building - - (218,000 )

Provision from change in OREO valuation - 37,000 -

(Continued)

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PLUMAS BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARY

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(Continued)

For the Years Ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020

Cash flows from investing activities:

Proceeds from sale of available-for-sale securities - 19,981,000 -

Cash acquired in acquisition, net of consideration paid - 23,631,000 -

Proceeds from sale of building - - 1,348,000

Proceeds from bank owned life insurance 215,000 - -

Cash flows from financing activities:

Proceeds from FHLB advances - - 10,000,000

(Continued)

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PLUMAS BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARY

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(Continued)

For the Years Ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020

Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:

Cash paid during the year for:

Liabilities assumed in acquisition $ - $ 181,565,000 $ -

Non-Cash Investing Activities:

Real estate acquired through foreclosure $ - $ 258,000 $ 56,000

Non-Cash Financing Activities:

The accompanying notes are an integralpart of these consolidated financial statements.

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PLUMAS BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARY

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

1. THE BUSINESS OF PLUMAS BANCORP

During 2002, Plumas Bancorp (the "Company") was incorporated as a bank holding company for the purpose of acquiring Plumas Bank (the "Bank") in a one bank holding company reorganization. This corporate structure gives the Company and the Bank greater flexibility in terms of operation, expansion and diversification. The Company formed Plumas Statutory Trust I ("Trust I") for the sole purpose of issuing trust preferred securities on September 26, 2002. The Company formed Plumas Statutory Trust II ("Trust II") for the sole purpose of issuing trust preferred securities on September 28, 2005. Plumas Bancorp is headquartered in Reno, Nevada.

The Bank operates twelve branches in California, including branches in Alturas, Chester, Fall River Mills, Greenville, Kings Beach, Portola, Quincy, Redding, Susanville, Tahoe City, Truckee and Yuba City. In December 2015 the Bank opened a branch in Reno, Nevada; its first branch outside of California and in 2018 the Bank purchased a branch located in Carson City, Nevada. The Bank's Yuba City branch was acquired upon the acquisition of Feather River Bancorp on July 1, 2021. The Bank’s administrative headquarters are in Quincy, California. In addition, the Bank operates a lending office specializing in government-guaranteed lending in Auburn, California, and commercial/agricultural lending offices in Chico California and Klamath Falls, Oregon. The Bank's primary source of revenue is generated from providing loans to customers who are predominately small and middle market businesses and individuals residing in the surrounding areas.

2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Consolidation and Basis of Presentation

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and the consolidated accounts of its wholly-owned subsidiary, Plumas Bank. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated.

Plumas Statutory Trust I and Trust II are not consolidated into the Company's consolidated financial statements and, accordingly, are accounted for under the equity method. The Company's investment in Trust I of $374,000 and Trust II of $188,000 are included in accrued interest receivable and other assets on the consolidated balance sheet. The junior subordinated deferrable interest debentures issued and guaranteed by the Company and held by Trust I and Trust II are reflected as debt on the consolidated balance sheet.

The accounting and reporting policies of Plumas Bancorp and subsidiary conform with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America and prevailing practices within the banking industry.

Reclassifications

Certain reclassifications have been made to prior years’ balances to conform to the classifications used in 2022. These reclassifications had no impact on the Company’s consolidated financial position, results of operations or net change in cash and cash equivalents.

Segment Information

Management has determined that since all of the banking products and services offered by the Company are available in each branch of the Bank, all branches are located within the same economic environment and management does not allocate resources based on the performance of different lending or transaction activities, it is appropriate to aggregate the Bank branches and report them as a single operating segment. No customer accounts for more than 10 percent of revenues for the Company or the Bank.

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PLUMAS BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARY

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Continued)

2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued)

Use of Estimates

To prepare financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America management makes estimates and assumptions based on available information. These estimates and assumptions affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and the disclosures provided, and actual results could differ. The allowance for loan losses, loan servicing rights, deferred tax assets, and fair values of financial instruments are particularly subject to change.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

For the purpose of the statement of cash flows, cash and due from banks and Federal funds sold are considered to be cash equivalents. Generally, Federal funds are sold for one day periods. Cash held with other federally insured institutions in excess of FDIC limits as of December 31, 2022 was $4.2 million. Net cash flows are reported for customer loans and deposit transactions and repurchase agreements.

Investment Securities

Investments are classified into one of the following categories:

Management determines the appropriate classification of its investments at the time of purchase and may only change the classification in certain limited circumstances.

As of December 31, 2022, and 2021 the Company did not have any investment securities classified as trading and gains or losses on the sale of securities are computed on the specific identification method. Interest earned on investment securities is reported in interest income, net of applicable adjustments for accretion of discounts and amortization of premiums accounted for by the level yield method with no pre-payment anticipated.

An investment security is impaired when its carrying value is greater than its fair value. Investment securities that are impaired are evaluated on at least a quarterly basis and more frequently when economic or market conditions warrant such an evaluation to determine whether such a decline in their fair value is other than temporary. Management utilizes criteria such as the magnitude and duration of the decline and the intent and ability of the Company to retain its investment in the securities for a period of time sufficient to allow for an anticipated recovery in fair value, in addition to the reasons underlying the decline, to determine whether the loss in value is other than temporary. The term "other than temporary" is not intended to indicate that the decline is permanent, but indicates that the prospects for a near-term recovery of value is not necessarily favorable, or that there is a lack of evidence to support a realizable value equal to or greater than the carrying value of the investment. Once a decline in value is determined to be other than temporary, and management does not intend to sell the security or it is more likely than not that the Company will not be required to sell the security before recovery, only the portion of the impairment loss representing credit exposure is recognized as a charge to earnings, with the balance recognized as a charge to other comprehensive income. If management intends to sell the security or it is more likely than not that the Company will be required to sell the security before recovering its forecasted cost, the entire impairment loss is recognized as a charge to earnings.

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PLUMAS BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARY

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Continued)

2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued)

Federal Home Loan Bank Stock

As a member of the Federal Home Loan Bank (FHLB) System, the Bank is required to maintain an investment in the capital stock of the FHLB. The investment is carried at cost, classified as a restricted security, and periodically evaluated for impairment based on ultimate recovery of par value. Both cash and stock dividends are reported as income. At December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the Company held $4,964,000 and $4,450,000, respectively of FHLB stock. On the consolidated balance sheet, FHLB stock is included in accrued interest receivable and other assets.

Federal Reserve Bank (FRB) Stock

The Bank is a member of its regional Federal Reserve Bank. FRB stock is carried at cost, classified as a restricted security, and periodically evaluated for impairment based on ultimate recovery of par value. Both cash and stock dividends are reported as income. At December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the Company held $1,364,000 and $1,358,000, respectively of FRB stock. On the consolidated balance sheet, FRB stock is included in accrued interest receivable and other assets.

Loans Held for Sale, Loan Sales and Servicing

Included in the loan portfolio are loans which are 75% to 90% guaranteed by the Small Business Administration (SBA), US Department of Agriculture Rural Business Cooperative Service (RBS) and Farm Services Agency (FSA). The guaranteed portion of these loans may be sold to a third party, with the Bank retaining the unguaranteed portion. The Company can receive a premium in excess of the adjusted carrying value of the loan at the time of sale.

As of December 31, 2022, and 2021 the Company had $2.3 million and $31.3 million, respectively in guaranteed portions of SBA loans held for sale. Loans held for sale are recorded at the lower of cost or fair value and therefore may be reported at fair value on a non-recurring basis. The fair values for loans held for sale are based on either observable transactions of similar instruments or formally committed loan sale prices.

SBA Government guaranteed loans with unpaid balances of $133,927,000and $109,865,000 were being serviced for others at December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

The Company accounts for the transfer and servicing of financial assets based on the fair value of financial and servicing assets it controls and liabilities it has assumed, derecognizes financial assets when control has been surrendered, and derecognizes liabilities when extinguished.

Servicing rights acquired through 1) a purchase or 2) the origination of loans which are sold or securitized with servicing rights retained are recognized as separate assets or liabilities. Servicing assets or liabilities are recorded at fair value and are subsequently amortized in proportion to and over the period of the related net servicing income or expense. Servicing rights are evaluated for impairment based upon the fair value of the rights as compared to carrying amount. Impairment is determined by stratifying rights into groupings based on predominant risk characteristics, such as interest rate, loan type and investor type. Impairment is recognized through a valuation allowance for an individual grouping, to the extent that fair value is less than the carrying amount. If the Company later determines that all or a portion of the impairment no longer exists for a particular grouping, a reduction of the allowance may be recorded as an increase to income. Changes in valuation allowances are reported with non-interest income on the statement of income. The fair values of servicing rights are subject to significant fluctuations as a result of changes in estimated and actual prepayment speeds and default rates and losses.

The Company's investment in the loan is allocated between the retained portion of the loan and the sold portion of the loan based on their fair values on the date the loan is sold. The gain on the sold portion of the loan is recognized as income at the time of sale.

The carrying value of the retained portion of the loan is discounted based on the estimated value of a comparable non-guaranteed loan.

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PLUMAS BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARY

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Continued)

2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued)

Loans

Loans that management has the intent and ability to hold for foreseeable future or until maturity or payoff are reported at the principal balance outstanding, net of purchase premiums or discounts, deferred loan fees and costs, and an allowance for loan losses. Loans, if any, that are transferred from loans held for sale are carried at the lower of principal balance or market value at the date of transfer, adjusted for accretion of discounts. Interest is accrued daily based upon outstanding loan balances.However, when, in the opinion of management, loans are considered to be impaired and the future collectability of interest and principal is in serious doubt, loans are placed on nonaccrual status and the accrual of interest income is suspended. Any interest accrued but unpaid is charged against income. Payments received are applied to reduce principal to the extent necessary to ensure collection. A loan is moved to non-accrual status in accordance with the Company’s policy, typically after 90 days of non-payment unless well secured and in the process of collection. Past due status is based on the contractual terms of the loan. Subsequent payments on these loans, or payments received on nonaccrual loans for which the ultimate collectability of principal is not in doubt, are applied first to earned but unpaid interest and then to principal. Loans are returned to accrual status when all the principal and interest amounts contractually due are brought current and future payments are reasonably assured.

Loan origination fees, commitment fees, direct loan origination costs and purchased premiums and discounts on loans are deferred and recognized as an adjustment of yield, to be amortized to interest income over the contractual term of the loan. The unamortized balance of deferred fees and costs is reported as a component of net loans.

The Company may acquire loans through a business combination or a purchase for which differences may exist between the contractual cash flows and the cash flows expected to be collected due, at least in part, to credit quality. When the Company acquires such loans, the yield that may be accreted (accretable yield) is limited to the excess of the Company's estimate of undiscounted cash flows expected to be collected over the Company's initial investment in the loan. The excess of contractual cash flows over cash flows expected to be collected may not be recognized as an adjustment to yield, loss, or a valuation allowance. Subsequent increases in cash flows expected to be collected generally should be recognized prospectively through adjustment of the loan's yield over its remaining life. Decreases in cash flows expected to be collected should be recognized as an impairment. The Company may not "carry over" or create a valuation allowance in the initial accounting for loans acquired under these circumstances.

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PLUMAS BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARY

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Continued)

2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued)

Allowance for Loan Losses

The allowance for loan losses is an estimate of probable incurred credit losses inherent in the Company's loan portfolio that have been incurred as of the balance-sheet date. The allowance is established through a provision for loan losses which is charged to expense. Additions to the allowance are expected to maintain the adequacy of the total allowance after credit losses and loan growth. Loan losses are charged against the allowance when management believes the uncollectability of a loan balance is confirmed. Subsequent recoveries, if any, are credited to the allowance. The overall allowance consists of two primary components, specific reserves related to impaired loans and general reserves for inherent losses related to loans that are not impaired but collectively evaluated for impairment.

A loan is considered impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect all amounts due, including principal and interest, according to the contractual terms of the original agreement. Loans determined to be impaired are individually evaluated for impairment. When a loan is impaired, the Company measures impairment based on the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan's effective interest rate, except that as a practical expedient, it may measure impairment based on a loan's observable market price, or the fair value of the collateral if the loan is collateral dependent. A loan is collateral dependent if the repayment of the loan is expected to be provided solely by the underlying collateral.

The determination of the general reserve for loans that are not impaired is based on estimates made by management, to include, but not limited to, consideration of historical losses by portfolio segment from January 1, 2008 (the beginning of the latest business cycle as determined by management) to the most current balance sheet date, internal asset classifications, and qualitative factors to include economic trends in the Company’s service areas, industry experience and trends, geographic concentrations, estimated collateral values, the Company’s underwriting policies, the character of the loan portfolio, and probable incurred losses inherent in the portfolio taken as a whole.

The Company maintains a separate allowance for each portfolio segment (loan type). These portfolio segments include commercial, agricultural, real estate construction (including land and development loans), commercial real estate mortgage, residential mortgage, home equity loans, automobile loans and other loans primarily consisting of consumer installment loans. The allowance for loan losses attributable to each portfolio segment, which includes both impaired loans and loans that are not impaired, is combined to determine the Company’s overall allowance, and is included as a component of loans on the consolidated balance sheet.

The Company assigns a risk rating to all loans and periodically, but not less than annually, performs detailed reviews of all criticized and classified loans over $100,000 to identify credit risks and to assess the overall collectability of the portfolio. These risk ratings are also subject to examination by independent specialists engaged by the Company and the Company’s regulators. During these internal reviews, management monitors and analyzes the financial condition of borrowers and guarantors, trends in the industries in which borrowers operate and the fair values of collateral securing these loans. These credit quality indicators are used to assign a risk rating to each individual loan.

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PLUMAS BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARY

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Continued)

2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued)

Allowance for Loan Losses (continued)

The risk ratings can be grouped into three major categories, defined as follows:

Special Mention – Loans classified as special mention have a potential weakness that deserves management’s close attention. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the loan or of the institution’s credit position at some future date.

Substandard – A substandard loan is not adequately protected by the current sound worth and paying capacity of the borrower or the value of the collateral pledged, if any. Loans classified as substandard have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt. Well defined weaknesses include a project's lack of marketability, inadequate cash flow or collateral support, failure to complete construction on time or the project's failure to fulfill economic expectations. They are characterized by the distinct possibility that the Company will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected.

Doubtful – Loans classified doubtful have all the weaknesses inherent in those classified as substandard with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently known facts, conditions and values, highly questionable and improbable.

Loans not meeting the criteria above that are analyzed individually as part of the above-described process are considered to be pass-rated loans.

The general reserve component of the allowance for loan losses associated with loans collectively evaluated for impairment also consists of reserve factors that are based on management's assessment of the following for each portfolio segment: (1) historical losses and (2) other qualitative factors, including inherent credit risk. These reserve factors are inherently subjective and are driven by the repayment risk associated with each portfolio segment described below.

Commercial – Commercial loans are generally underwritten to existing cash flows of operating businesses. Debt coverage is provided by business cash flows and economic trends influenced by unemployment rates and other key economic indicators are closely correlated to the credit quality of these loans.

Agricultural– Loans secured by crop production and livestock are especially vulnerable to two risk factors that are largely outside the control of Company and borrowers: commodity prices and weather conditions.

Real Estate – Residential and Home Equity Lines of Credit – The degree of risk in residential real estate lending depends primarily on the loan amount in relation to collateral value, the interest rate and the borrower's ability to repay in an orderly fashion. These loans generally possess a lower inherent risk of loss than other real estate portfolio segments. Economic trends determined by unemployment rates and other key economic indicators are closely correlated to the credit quality of these loans. Weak economic trends indicate that the borrowers' capacity to repay their obligations may be deteriorating.

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PLUMAS BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARY

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Continued)

2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued)

Allowance for Loan Losses (continued)

Real Estate – Commercial– Commercial real estate mortgage loans generally possess a higher inherent risk of loss than other real estate portfolio segments, except land and construction loans. Adverse economic developments or an overbuilt market impact commercial real estate projects and may result in troubled loans. Trends in vacancy rates of commercial properties impact the credit quality of these loans. High vacancy rates reduce operating revenues and the ability for properties to produce sufficient cash flow to service debt obligations.

Real Estate – Construction and Land Development– Construction and land development loans generally possess a higher inherent risk of loss than other real estate portfolio segments. A major risk arises from the necessity to complete projects within specified cost and timelines. Trends in the construction industry significantly impact the credit quality of these loans, as demand drives construction activity. In addition, trends in real estate values significantly impact the credit quality of these loans, as property values determine the economic viability of construction projects.

Automobile – An automobile loan portfolio is usually comprised of a large number of smaller loans scheduled to be amortized over a specific period. Most automobile loans are made directly for consumer purchases, but business vehicles may also be included. Economic trends determined by unemployment rates and other key economic indicators are closely correlated to the credit quality of these loans. Weak economic trends indicate that the borrowers' capacity to repay their obligations may be deteriorating.

Other– Other loans primarily consist of consumer loans and are similar in nature to automobile loans.

Although management believes the allowance to be adequate, ultimate losses may vary from its estimates. At least quarterly, the Board of Directors and management review the adequacy of the allowance, including consideration of the relative risks in the portfolio, current economic conditions and other factors. If the Board of Directors and management determine that changes are warranted based on those reviews, the allowance is adjusted. In addition, the Company'sprimary regulators, the Federal Reserve (FRB) and the Department of Financial Protection and Innovation (“CFPI”), as an integral part of their examination process, review the adequacy of the allowance. These regulatory agencies may require additions to the allowance based on their judgment about information available at the time of their examinations.

The Company also maintains a separate allowance for off-balance-sheet commitments. Management estimates anticipated losses using historical data and utilization assumptions. The allowance for these commitments totaled $341,000 at December 31, 2022 and 2021, and is included in accrued interest payable and other liabilities in the consolidated balance sheet.

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PLUMAS BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARY

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Continued)

2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued)

Other Real Estate Owned

Other real estate owned relates to real estate acquired in full or partial settlement of loan obligations. There was no other real estate owned at December 31, 2022. At December 31, 2021 other real estate owned totaled $487,000 ($524,000 less a valuation allowance of $37,000). None of OREO at December 31, 2021 was secured by residential real estate. There was one consumer mortgage loan with a balance of $83,000 secured by a residential real estate property for which formal foreclosure proceedings were in process at December 31, 2022 and one consumer mortgage loan with a balance of $101,000 secured by a residential real estate property for which formal foreclosure proceedings were in process at December 31, 2021. Proceeds from sales of other real estate owned totaled $487,000, $137,000 and $369,000 for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively. For the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 the Company recorded (losses) gains on sale of other real estate owned of ($37,000), ($2,000) and $9,000, respectively. Other real estate owned is initially recorded at fair value less cost to sell when acquired, any excess of the Bank's recorded investment in the loan balance and accrued interest income over the estimated fair value of the property less costs to sell is charged against the allowance for loan losses. A valuation allowance for losses on other real estate is maintained to provide for temporary declines in value. The allowance is established through a provision for losses on other real estate which is included in other expenses. Subsequent gains or losses on sales or write-downs resulting from permanent impairment are also recorded in other expenses as incurred.

The following table provides a summary of the change in the OREO balance for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021:

Year Ended December 31,

Goodwill and Intangible Assets

Intangible assets consist of core deposit intangibles related to the acquisition of Feather River Bancorp branch acquisitions and are amortized on an accelerated basis method over ten years. The Company evaluates the recoverability and remaining useful life annually to determine whether events or circumstances warrant a revision to the intangible asset or the remaining period of amortization. There were no such events or circumstances during the periods presented.

Aggregate amortization expense was $284,000, $246,000, and $199,000 for 2022,2021 and 2020.

The gross carrying amount of intangible assets and accumulated amortization was:

Gross Carrying Accumulated Gross Carrying Accumulated

Amount Amortization Amount Amortization

Estimated amortization expense for each of the next five years is $237,000, $201,000, $172,000, $153,000 and $138,000.

Goodwill totaling $5,502,000 was recorded on July 1, 2021 related to the acquisition of Feather River Bancorp. Goodwill is not amortized, but is evaluated for impairment at least annually. The Company did not recognize impairment during the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021.

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2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued)

Premises and Equipment

Land is carried at cost. Premises and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is determined using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the related assets. The useful lives of premises are estimated to be twenty to thirty years. The useful lives of furniture, fixtures and equipment are estimated to be two to ten years. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the life of the asset or the life of the related lease, whichever is shorter. When assets are sold or otherwise disposed of, the cost and related accumulated depreciation or amortization are removed from the accounts, and any resulting gain or loss is recognized in income for the period. The cost of maintenance and repairs is charged to expense as incurred. The Company evaluates premises and equipment for financial impairment as events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of such assets may not be fully recoverable.

Bank Owned Life Insurance

The Company has purchased life insurance policies on certain key executives. Bank owned life insurance is recorded at the amount that can be realized under the insurance contract at the balance sheet date, which is the cash surrender value adjusted for other charges or other amounts due that are probable at settlement.

Revenue from Contracts with Customers

The Company records revenue from contracts with customers in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification Topic 606, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers” (“Topic 606”). Under Topic 606, the Company must identify the contract with a customer, identify the performance obligations in the contract, determine the transaction price, allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract, and recognize revenue when (or as) the Company satisfies a performance obligation. Significant revenue has not been recognized in the current reporting period that results from performance obligations satisfied in previous periods.

Most of our revenue-generating transactions are not subject to Topic 606, including revenue generated from financial instruments, such as our loans and investment securities. The Company has evaluated the nature of its contracts with customers and determined that further disaggregation of revenue from contracts with customers into more granular categories beyond what is presented in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income was not necessary. The Company generally fully satisfies its performance obligations on its contracts with customers as services are rendered and the transaction prices are typically fixed; charged either on a periodic basis or based on activity. Because performance obligations are satisfied as services are rendered and the transaction prices are fixed, there is little judgment involved in applying Topic 606 that significantly affects the determination of the amount and timing of revenue from contracts with customers.

Low Income Housing Tax Credits

The Company accounts for low income housing tax credits and the related qualified affordable housing projects using the proportional amortization method. Under the proportional amortization method, the Company amortizes the initial cost of the investment in proportion to the tax credits and other tax benefits received and recognizes the net investment performance in the income statement as a component of income tax expense (benefit). Upon entering into a qualified affordable housing project, the Company records, in other liabilities, the entire amount that it has agreed to invest in the project, and an equal amount, in other assets, representing its investment in the project. As the Company disburses cash to satisfy its investment obligation, other liabilities are reduced. Over time, as the tax credits and other tax benefits of the project are realized by the Company, the investment recorded in other assets is reduced using the proportional amortization method.

Income Taxes

The Company files its income taxes on a consolidated basis with its subsidiary. Income tax expense is the total of current year income tax due or refundable and the change in deferred tax assets and liabilities.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the tax consequences of temporary differences between the reported amount of assets and liabilities and their tax bases. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are adjusted for the effects of changes in tax laws and rates on the date of enactment. A valuation allowance is recognized if, based on the weight of available evidence management believes it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. On the consolidated balance sheet, net deferred tax assets are included in accrued interest receivable and other assets.

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(Continued)

2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued)

Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes

When tax returns are filed, it is highly certain that some positions taken would be sustained upon examination by the taxing authorities, while others are subject to uncertainty about the merits of the position taken or the amount of the position that would be ultimately sustained. The benefit of a tax position is recognized in the financial statements in the period during which, based on all available evidence, management believes it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained upon examination, including the resolution of appeals or litigation processes, if any. Tax positions taken are not offset or aggregated with other positions. Tax positions that meet the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold are measured as the largest amount of tax benefit that is more than 50 percent likely of being realized upon settlement with the applicable taxing authority. The portion of the benefits associated with tax positions taken that exceeds the amount measured as described above is reflected as a liability for unrecognized tax benefits in the accompanying balance sheet along with any associated interest and penalties that would be payable to the taxing authorities upon examination.

Interest expense and penalties associated with unrecognized tax benefits, if any, are classified as income tax expense in the consolidated income statement. There have been no significant changes to unrecognized tax benefits or accrued interest and penalties for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021.

Earnings Per Share

Basic earnings per share (EPS), which excludes dilution, is computed by dividing income available to common stockholders (net income plus discount on redemption of preferred stock less preferred dividends and accretion) by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted EPS reflects the potential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue common stock, such as stock options, result in the issuance of common stock which shares in the earnings of the Company. The treasury stock method has been applied to determine the dilutive effect of stock options in computing diluted EPS.

Comprehensive Income

Comprehensive income consists of net income and other comprehensive income. Other comprehensive income includes unrealized gains and losses on securities available for sale and unrealized gains on cash flow hedge which are also recognized as separate components of equity. The amount reclassified out of other accumulated comprehensive income relating to realized losses on securities available for sale was $0, $209,000 and $0 for 2022,2021 and 2020, with the related tax benefit of $0, $62,000 and $0, respectively.

Dividend Restrictions

Banking regulations require maintaining certain capital levels and may limit the dividend paid by the bank to the holding company or by the holding company to shareholders.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Fair values of financial instruments are estimated using relevant market information and other assumptions, as more fully disclosed in a separate note. Fair value estimates involve uncertainties and matters of significant judgment regarding interest rates, credit risk, prepayments, and other factors, especially in the absence of broad markets for particular items. Changes in assumptions or in market conditions could significantly affect these estimates.

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(Continued)

2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued)

Stock-Based Compensation

Compensation expense related to the Company’s Stock based compensation plans, net of related tax benefit, recorded in 2022,2021 and 2020 totaled $224,000, $208,000 and $238,000 or $0.04, $0.04 and $0.05 per diluted share, respectively. Compensation expense is recognized over the vesting period on a straight-line accounting basis.

The Company determines the fair value of options on the date of grant using a Black-Scholes-Merton option pricing model that uses assumptions based on expected option life, expected stock volatility and the risk-free interest rate. The expected volatility assumptions used by the Company are based on the historical volatility of the Company’s common stock over the most recent period commensurate with the estimated expected life of the Company’s stock options. The Company bases its expected life assumption on its historical experience and on the terms and conditions of the stock options it grants to employees. The risk-free rate is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve for the periods within the contractual life of the options in effect at the time of the grant.

During 2022 and 2020 the Company granted options to purchase 117,000 and 5,000 shares of common stock, respectively. The fair value of each option was estimated on the date of grant using the following assumptions. During 2022 the Company granted 1,650 shares of restricted stock with a fair value of $31 per share and a one-year vesting period. Compensation costs related to these shares during 2022 totaled $21,000.

Expected life of stock options (in years) 6.1 5.1

Risk free interest rate 2.96 % 1.68 %

Annualized Volatility 31.8 % 26.00 %

Weighted-average fair value of options granted during the year $ 8.85 $ 5.92

No options were granted during the year ended December 31, 2021.

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(Continued)

2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued)

Pending Accounting Pronouncements

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No.2016-13, Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. ASU No.2016-13 significantly changes how entities will measure credit losses for most financial assets and certain other instruments that aren’t measured at fair value through net income. The standard will replace today’s “incurred loss” approach with an “expected loss” model. The new model, referred to as the current expected credit loss (“CECL”) model, will apply to: (1) financial assets subject to credit losses and measured at amortized cost, and (2) certain off-balance sheet credit exposures. This includes, but is not limited to, loans, leases, held-to-maturity securities, loan commitments, and financial guarantees. The CECL model does not apply to available-for-sale (“AFS”) debt securities. For AFS debt securities with unrealized losses, entities will measure credit losses in a manner similar to what they do today, except that the losses will be recognized as allowances rather than reductions in the amortized cost of the securities. The ASU also simplifies the accounting model for purchased credit-impaired debt securities and loans. ASU No.2016-13 also expands the disclosure requirements regarding an entity’s assumptions, models, and methods for estimating the allowance for loan and lease losses. On October 16, 2019, the FASB approved a proposal to change the effective date of ASU No.2016-13 for smaller reporting companies, as defined by the SEC, and other non-SEC reporting entities delaying the effective date to fiscal years beginning after December 31, 2022, including interim periods within those fiscal periods. As the Company is a smaller reporting company and has not adopted provisions of the standard early, the delay is applicable to the Company. The Company has begun its implementation efforts by establishing an implementation team chaired by the Company’s Chief Credit Officer and composed of members of the Company’s credit administration and accounting departments. We have purchased software to support the CECL calculation of the allowance for loan losses under ASU No2016-13. During the second quarter of 2021 we engaged a consultant to perform a model validation of our CECL model and to assist us in documenting all aspects of the CECL model. The Company’s preliminary evaluation indicates the provisions of ASU No.2016-13 are expected to impact the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements, in particular the level of the reserve for credit losses.

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(Continued)

3. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

The Company measures fair value under the fair value hierarchy described below.

Level 1: Quoted prices for identical instruments traded in active exchange markets.

Level 2: Quoted prices (unadjusted) for similar instruments in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active and model-based valuation techniques for which all significant assumptions are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data.

Level 3: Model based techniques that use one significant assumption not observable in the market. These unobservable assumptions reflect the Company’s estimates of assumptions that market participants would use on pricing the asset or liability. Valuation techniques include management judgment and estimation which may be significant.

In certain cases, the inputs used to measure fair value may fall into different levels of the fair value hierarchy. In such cases, the level in the fair value hierarchy within which the fair value measurement in its entirety falls, has been determined based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement in its entirety. The Company’s assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement in its entirety requires judgment and considers factors specific to the asset or liability.

Management monitors the availability of observable market data to assess the appropriate classification of financial instruments within the fair value hierarchy. Changes in economic conditions or model-based valuation techniques may require the transfer of financial instruments from one fair value level to another. In such instances, the transfer is reported at the beginning of the reporting period.

Management evaluates the significance of transfers between levels based upon the nature of the financial instrument and size of the transfer relative to total assets, total liabilities or total earnings.

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PLBC US Equity

PLBC · 10-K · period ended 2022-12-31

ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA

PLBC US Equity☆

PLBC · 10-K · period ended 2022-12-31

ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA

PLBC US Equity