ITEM 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

Forward-Looking Statements

Forward-looking statements contained in this and other written and oral reports are made based on known events and circumstances at the time of release, and as such, are subject in the future to unforeseen uncertainties and risks. Often but not always, these statements may be identified from the use of forward-looking terminology such as “anticipates,” “believes,” “may,” “should,” “could,” “potential,” “continues,” “plans,” “forecasts,” “estimates,” “projects,” “predicts,” “would,” “intends,” “expects,” “targets,” “is likely,” “will,” or the negative of these terms and similar expressions, and include all statements regarding future performance, earnings projections, events or developments. Neither the Company nor any of its respective associates or directors, officers or advisers, provides any representation, assurance or guarantee that the occurrence of the events expressed or implied in any forward-looking statements in this document will actually occur. The Company cautions readers not to place undue reliance on these statements. It is possible that the future performance and earnings projections of the Company, including its individual segments, may differ materially from past performance or current expectations, depending on economic conditions within its mobile, industrial and aerospace markets, and the Company’s ability to maintain and achieve anticipated benefits associated with announced realignment activities, strategic initiatives to improve operating margins, actions taken to combat the effects of the current economic environment, and growth, innovation and global diversification initiatives. Additionally, the actual impact of changes in tax laws in the United States and foreign jurisdictions and any judicial or regulatory interpretation thereof on future performance and earnings projections may impact the Company’s tax calculations. A change in the economic conditions in individual markets may have a particularly volatile effect on segment performance.

Among other factors which may affect future performance are:

•changes in business relationships with and purchases by or from major customers, suppliers or distributors, including delays or cancellations in shipments;

•disputes regarding contract terms or significant changes in financial condition, changes in contract cost and revenue estimates for new development programs and changes in product mix;

•the impact of political, social and economic instability and disruptions, including public health crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic;

•ability to identify acceptable strategic acquisition targets; uncertainties surrounding timing, successful completion or integration of acquisitions and similar transactions, including the integration of Meggitt; and our ability to effectively manage expanded operations from acquisitions;

•the ability to successfully divest businesses planned for divestiture and realize the anticipated benefits of such divestitures;

•the determination to undertake business realignment activities and the expected costs thereof and, if undertaken, the ability to complete such activities and realize the anticipated cost savings from such activities;

•ability to implement successfully capital allocation initiatives, including timing, price and execution of share repurchases;

•availability, limitations or cost increases of raw materials, component products and/or commodities that cannot be recovered in product pricing;

•global economic factors, including manufacturing activity, air travel trends, currency exchange rates, difficulties entering new markets and general economic conditions such as inflation, deflation, interest rates, credit availability and changes in consumer habits and preferences;

•ability to manage costs related to insurance and employee retirement and health care benefits;

•legal and regulatory developments and changes;

•additional liabilities relating to changes in tax rates or exposure to additional income tax liabilities;

•ability to enter into, own, renew, protect and maintain intellectual property and know-how;

•leverage and future debt service obligations;

•potential impairment of goodwill;

•compliance costs associated with environmental laws and regulations;

•potential labor disruptions or shortages and the ability to attract and retain key personnel;

•uncertainties surrounding the ultimate resolution of outstanding legal proceedings, including the outcome of any appeals;

•global competitive market conditions, including U.S. trade policies and resulting effects on sales and pricing;

•local and global political and economic conditions, including the Russia-Ukraine war and its residual effects;

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•inability to obtain, or meet conditions imposed for, required governmental and regulatory approvals;

•government actions and natural phenomena such as pandemics, floods, earthquakes, hurricanes or other natural phenomena that may be related to climate change;

•increased cyber security threats and sophisticated computer crime; and

•success of business and operating initiatives.

The Company makes these statements as of the date of the filing of its Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended June 30, 2023, and undertakes no obligation to update them unless otherwise required by law.

Overview

The Company is a global leader in motion and control technologies. For more than a century, the Company has engineered the success of its customers in a wide range of diversified industrial and aerospace markets.

By aligning around our purpose, Enabling Engineering Breakthroughs that Lead to a Better Tomorrow, Parker is better positioned for the challenges and opportunities of tomorrow.

The Win Strategy 3.0 is Parker's business system which defines the goals and initiatives that create responsible, sustainable growth and enable Parker's long-term success. It works with our purpose, which is a foundational element of The Win Strategy, to engage team members and create responsible and sustainable growth. Our shared values shape our culture and our interactions with stakeholders and the communities in which we operate and live.

We believe many opportunities for profitable growth are available. The Company intends to focus primarily on business opportunities in the areas of energy, water, food, environment, defense, life sciences, infrastructure and transportation. We believe we can meet our strategic objectives by:

•serving the customer and continuously enhancing its experience with the Company;

•successfully executing The Win Strategy initiatives relating to engaged people, premier customer experience, profitable growth and financial performance;

•maintaining a decentralized division and sales company structure;

•fostering a safety-first and entrepreneurial culture;

•engineering innovative systems and products to provide superior customer value through improved service, efficiency and productivity;

•delivering products, systems and services that have demonstrable savings to customers and are priced by the value they deliver;

•enabling a sustainable future by providing innovative clean technology solutions that offer a positive, global environmental impact and operating responsibly by reducing our energy use and emissions;

•acquiring strategic businesses;

•organizing around targeted regions, technologies and markets;

•driving efficiency by implementing lean enterprise principles; and

•creating a culture of empowerment through our values, inclusion and diversity, accountability and teamwork.

Our order rates provide a near-term perspective of the Company's outlook particularly when viewed in the context of prior and future order rates. The Company publishes its order rates on a quarterly basis. The lead time between the time an order is received and revenue is realized generally ranges from one day to 12 weeks for mobile and industrial orders and from one day to 18 months for aerospace orders.

The continuing residual effects of the Russia-Ukraine war and the COVID-19 pandemic, including the inflationary cost environment as well as disruption within the global supply chain and labor markets, have impacted our business. We continue to manage the challenging supply chain environment through our "local for local" manufacturing strategy, ongoing supplier management process, and broadened supply base. We continue to manage the impact of the inflationary cost environment through a variety of cost and pricing measures, including continuous improvement and lean initiatives. Additionally, we strategically manage our workforce and discretionary spending. At the same time, we are appropriately addressing the ongoing needs of our business so that we continue to serve our customers.

Over the long-term, the extent to which our business and results of operations will be impacted by economic and political uncertainty depends on future developments that remain uncertain. We will continue to monitor the environment and manage our business with the goal to minimize the impact on operations and financial results.

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As previously announced, on March 14, 2022, we detected that an unauthorized party gained access to our systems. After securing our network and concluding our investigation, we found that the data exfiltrated during the incident included personal information of our team members. We have notified individuals whose personal information was involved and offered them credit monitoring services. We have also provided notification regarding the incident to the appropriate regulatory authorities. A consolidated class action lawsuit has been filed in the United States District Court for the Northern District of Ohio against the Company over the incident. The parties have reached a settlement in principle in the lawsuit, which the district court preliminarily approved on March 14, 2023, and finally approved on August 2, 2023. Based on our ongoing assessments, the incident has not had a significant financial or operational impact and has not had a material impact on our business, operations or financial results.

The discussion below is structured to separately discuss the Consolidated Statement of Income, Business Segments, and Liquidity and Capital Resources. The term "year" and references to specific years refer to the applicable fiscal year.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF INCOME

The Consolidated Statement of Income summarizes the Company's operating performance. The discussion below compares the operating performance in 2023, 2022, and 2021.

Selling, general and administrative expenses $ 3,354 $ 2,504 $ 2,383

Gain on disposal of assets (363) (7) (109)

Net income attributable to common shareholders $ 2,083 $ 1,316 $ 1,746

Net salesin 2023 increased from the 2022 amount due to higher volume in both the Diversified Industrial and Aerospace Systems Segments. The Acquisition completed within the last 12 months increased sales by approximately $2.1 billion during the current year. The effect of currency rate changes decreased net sales in 2023 by approximately $470 million, substantially all of which is attributable to the Diversified Industrial International businesses. Divestitures completed within the last 12 months decreased sales by approximately $69 million in 2023.

Net sales in 2022 increased from the 2021 amount due to higher volume in both the Diversified Industrial and Aerospace Systems Segments. The effect of currency rate changes decreased net sales in 2022 by approximately $255 million, substantially all of which is attributable to the Diversified Industrial International businesses.

Gross profit margin (calculated as net sales less cost of sales, divided by net sales) increased slightly in 2023 primarily due to higher margins in both the Aerospace Systems and Diversified Industrial Segments. The increase in gross profit margin is primarily due to higher sales volume and benefits from continuous improvement initiatives, as well as price increases. The increase was partially offset by the step-up in inventory to fair value of $110 million, related to the Acquisition, within the Aerospace Systems Segment. Additionally, increased freight, material and labor costs resulting from the ongoing inflationary environment and disruption within the global supply chain and labor markets impacted margin. Cost of sales also included business realignment and acquisition integration charges of $29 million in 2023 compared to $5 million in 2022.

Gross profit margin increased in 2022 primarily due to higher margins in both the Aerospace and Diversified Industrial Segments. The increase in gross profit margin is primarily due to higher sales volume and benefits from continuous improvement initiatives, as well as price increases, partially offset by increased freight, material and labor costs resulting from ongoing inflationary environment and disruption within the global supply chain and labor markets. Cost of sales also included business realignment and acquisition integration charges of $5 million in 2022 compared to $27 million in 2021.

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Selling, general and administrative expenses ("SG&A") increased in 2023 primarily due to higher amortization expense, research and development expense, information technology charges, as well as increased general and administrative charges associated with the Acquisition. Additionally, acquisition-related transaction costs for the year totaled $115 million. SG&A also included business realignment and acquisition integration charges of $94 million and $14 million in 2023 and 2022, respectively.

SG&A increased in 2022 primarily due to acquisition-related transaction costs of $44 million as well as higher net expense from the Company's deferred compensation plan and related investments and higher professional fees and related expenses. SG&A also included business realignment and acquisition integration charges of $14 million and $31 million in 2022 and 2021, respectively.

Interest expense in 2023 increased compared to 2022 primarily due to higher average interest rates and higher average debt outstanding. Interest expense in 2022 increased compared to 2021 primarily due to higher average debt outstanding, partially offset by lower average interest rates.

Other expense (income), net included the following:

Expense (income)

Foreign currency transaction loss (gain) $ 46 $ (40) $ (11)

Income related to equity method investments (124) (76) (41)

Non-service components of retirement benefit cost (67) 4 49

Interest income (46) (10) (7)

Acquisition-related financing fees — 52 —

Loss on deal-contingent forward contracts 390 1,015 —

Russia liquidation — 8 —

Other items, net (15) (8) (18)

Foreign currency transaction loss (gain) primarily relates to the impact of exchange rates on cash, forward contracts, certain cross-currency swap contracts and intercompany transactions. During 2023, it also includes foreign currency transaction loss associated with completing the Acquisition.

Acquisition-related financing feesin2022 relate to the bridge credit agreement (the "Bridge Credit Agreement") fees associated with the Acquisition. Refer to Note 10 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for further discussion.

Loss on deal-contingent forward contractsin2023 and 2022 includes a loss on the deal-contingent forward contracts related to the Acquisition. Refer to Note 16 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for further discussion.

Gain on disposal of assets in 2023 includes a gain on the sale of the aircraft wheel and brake business within the Aerospace Systems Segment of $374 million. Refer to Note 3 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for further discussion. In 2021 it primarily consists of a gain of $101 million on the sale of land.

Effective tax rate in 2023 was higher than 2022, primarily due to an overall decrease in discrete tax benefits along with a reduction in the benefit from the foreign derived intangible income deduction. Effective tax rate in 2022 was lower than 2021 primarily due to an overall increase in discrete tax benefits.

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BUSINESS SEGMENT INFORMATION

The Business Segment information presents sales and operating income on a basis that is consistent with the manner in which the Company's various businesses are managed for internal review and decision-making.

Diversified Industrial Segment

Net Sales

Operating income

Operating income as a percent of sales

The Diversified Industrial Segment operations experienced the following percentage changes in net sales:

Diversified Industrial North America – as reported 15.7 % 15.4 %

Acquisitions 4.0 % — %

Currency — % 0.1 %

Diversified Industrial International – as reported 2.7 % 6.7 %

Acquisitions 2.3 % — %

Currency (8.3) % (4.9) %

Total Diversified Industrial Segment – as reported 10.2 % 11.6 %

Acquisitions 3.3 % — %

Currency (3.5) % (2.0) %

1The above presentation reconciles the percentage changes in net sales of the Diversified Industrial Segment reported in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP") to percentage changes in net sales adjusted to remove the effects of the Acquisition made within the last 12 months as well as currency exchange rates (a non-GAAP measure). The effects of the Acquisition and currency exchange rates are removed to allow investors and the Company to meaningfully evaluate the percentage changes in net sales on a comparable basis from period to period.

Net Sales

Diversified Industrial North America - Sales in 2023 for the Diversified Industrial North American businesses increased 15.7 percent from 2022. The effect of the Acquisition increased sales by approximately $311 million. Currency exchange rates did not materially impact sales during the year. Excluding the effects of the Acquisition and changes in the currency exchange rates, sales in 2023 for the Diversified Industrial North American businesses increased 11.7 percent from prior-year levels reflecting higher demand from distributors and end users across most markets, including, the cars and light trucks, farm and agriculture, construction equipment, heavy-duty truck, oil and gas, lawn and turf, metal fabrication, industrial machinery, semiconductor, and material handling markets, partially offset by lower end user demand in the life sciences market.

Sales in 2022 for the Diversified Industrial North American businesses increased 15.4 percent from 2021. The effect of currency exchange rates increased sales by approximately $7 million. Excluding the effect of currency rate changes, sales in 2022 for the Diversified Industrial North American businesses increased 15.3 percent from prior-year levels reflecting higher

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demand from distributors and end users in virtually all markets, including, the farm and agriculture, life sciences, heavy-duty truck, construction equipment, engines, refrigeration, material handling, metal fabrication, and semiconductor markets.

Diversified Industrial International - Sales in the Diversified Industrial International businesses increased 2.7 percent in 2023. The effect of the Acquisition increased sales by approximately $128 million. Currency exchange rates decreased sales by approximately $465 million, reflecting the strengthening of the U.S. dollar primarily against currencies in the Eurozone countries, China and Japan. Excluding the effects of the Acquisition and changes in the currency exchange rates, sales in 2023 for the Diversified Industrial International businesses increased 8.7 percent from 2022 levels. During 2023, Europe, the Asia Pacific region, and Latin America accounted for approximately 75 percent, 10 percent, and 15 percent, respectively, of the increase in sales.

Within Europe, the increase in sales was primarily due to higher demand from distributors and end users in the construction equipment, cars and light trucks, heavy-duty truck, oil and gas, industrial machinery, material handling, metal fabrication, farm and agriculture, and semiconductor markets, partially offset by a decrease in end-user demand in the power generation market.

Within the Asia Pacific region, the increase in sales was primarily due to higher demand from distributors and end users in the construction equipment, cars and light trucks, marine, heavy-duty truck, telecommunications, engines, and mining markets, partially offset by a decrease in end-user demand in the life sciences, refrigeration, and semiconductor markets.

Within Latin America, the increase in sales was primarily due to higher demand from distributors and end users in the cars and light trucks, oil and gas, farm and agriculture, railroad, and metal fabrication markets, partially offset by a decrease in end-user demand in the construction equipment and industrial machinery markets.

Sales in the Diversified Industrial International businesses increased 6.7 percent in 2022. The effect of currency rate changes decreased sales by $256 million, reflecting the strengthening of the U.S. dollar primarily against currencies in the Eurozone countries, Turkey and Japan. Excluding the effect of currency rate changes, sales in 2022 for the Diversified Industrial International businesses increased 11.6 percent from 2021 levels. During 2022, Europe, the Asia Pacific region, and Latin America accounted for approximately 70 percent, 20 percent, and 10 percent, respectively, of the increase in sales.

Within Europe, the increase in sales was primarily due to higher demand from distributors and end users in the construction equipment, heavy-duty truck, industrial machinery, life sciences, machine tool, mining, material handling, engines, and forestry markets, partially offset by a decrease in end-user demand in the cars and light trucks, semiconductor, telecommunications, and oil and gas markets.

Within the Asia Pacific region, the increase in sales was primarily due to higher demand from distributors and end users in the semiconductor, refrigeration, industrial machinery, life sciences, and machine tool markets, partially offset by a decrease in end-user demand in the engines, power generation, heavy-duty truck, railroad equipment, and material handling markets.

Within Latin America, the increase in sales was primarily due to higher demand from distributors and end users in the farm and agriculture, cars and light trucks, mining, heavy-duty truck, construction equipment, and industrial machinery markets, partially offset by a decrease in end-user demand in the power generation and life sciences markets.

Operating Margin

Diversified Industrial North America - Operating margins in 2023 increased from 2022 primarily due to benefits from higher sales volume, continuous improvement initiatives and price increases, partially offset by higher material and operating costs resulting from the inflationary environment, as well as unfavorable product mix.

Diversified Industrial International - Operating margins in 2023 increased from 2022 primarily due to benefits from continuous improvement initiatives and price increases, partially offset by higher material and operating costs resulting from the inflationary environment, as well as unfavorable product mix.

Operating margins in 2022 increased from 2021 in both the North American and International businesses primarily due to higher sales volume and benefits from continuous improvement initiatives, as well as price increases. These increases were partially offset by increased operating costs, including higher freight, material, and labor costs resulting from the ongoing disruption within the current supply chain environment and labor market. In addition, within the International businesses, operating margin in 2022 benefited from savings related to prior-year restructuring actions.

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Business Realignment

The following business realignment and acquisition integration charges are included in Diversified Industrial North America and Diversified Industrial International operating income:

Diversified Industrial North America $ 9 $ 4 $ 14

Diversified Industrial International 23 14 36

Business realignment charges include severance costs related to actions taken under the Company's simplification initiative aimed at reducing organizational and process complexity, as well as plant closures. Acquisition integration charges in the current year relate to the acquisition of Meggitt, and charges in both 2022 and 2021 relate to the 2020 acquisition of Lord. During 2021, business realignment charges primarily consisted of actions taken to address the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our business. Business realignment and acquisition integration charges within the Diversified Industrial International businesses were primarily incurred in Europe.

During 2022, we also incurred $6 million of expense within the Diversified Industrial International businesses as a result of our exit of business operations in Russia. These charges primarily consist of write-downs of inventory and other working capital items.

We anticipate that cost savings realized from the workforce reduction measures taken during 2023 will increase operating income in 2024 by approximately one percent in the Diversified Industrial International businesses and will not materially impact operating income in the Diversified Industrial North American businesses. We expect to continue to take actions necessary to structure appropriately the operations of the Diversified Industrial Segment. These actions are expected to result in approximately $78 million in business realignment and acquisition integration charges in 2024. However, continually changing business conditions could impact the ultimate costs we incur.

Backlog

The increase in Diversified Industrial Segment backlog in 2023 was primarily due to the addition of Meggitt backlog, partially offset by shipments exceeding orders in both the North American and International businesses. Excluding the addition of Meggitt backlog, North American and International businesses accounted for approximately 60 percent and 40 percent of the change, respectively. Within the International business, the Asia Pacific region, Europe and Latin America accounted for approximately 80 percent, 15 percent, and five percent of the change, respectively.

The increase in Diversified Industrial Segment backlog in 2022 was primarily due to orders exceeding shipments in both the North American and International businesses. Backlog within the North American and International businesses accounted for approximately 75 percent and 25 percent of the change, respectively. Within the International business, the Asia Pacific region, Europe and Latin America accounted for approximately 60 percent, 30 percent, and 10 percent of the change, respectively.

Backlog consists of written firm orders from a customer to deliver products and, in the case of blanket purchase orders, only includes the portion of the order for which a schedule or release date has been agreed to with the customer. The dollar value of backlog is equal to the amount that is expected to be billed to the customer and reported as a sale.

Aerospace Systems Segment

Operating income as a percent of sales 12.9 % 19.9 % 16.9 %

Sales

Aerospace Systems Segment sales in 2023 increased compared to prior-year primarily due to the addition of Meggitt sales of $1.6 billion. Sales also increased compared to 2022 due to higher volume in the commercial OEM and aftermarket businesses, partially offset by lower military OEM and aftermarket volume. The increase in sales was partially offset by divestitures during 2023.

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Sales in 2022 were higher than the 2021 level primarily due to higher commercial aftermarket and OEM volume, partially offset by lower military OEM and aftermarket volume.

Operating Margin

Aerospace Systems Segment operating margin decreased in 2023 primarily due to acquisition-related expenses, including higher estimated amortization and depreciation expense associated with the preliminary fair value estimates of intangible assets, plant and equipment, and inventory, as well as acquisition integration charges. Additionally, higher commercial OEM volume, an increase in contract loss reserves related to certain commercial OEM programs, challenges created by the disruption within the supply chain and labor markets and higher engineering development expenses also contributed to the lower operating margin. These factors were partially offset by higher commercial aftermarket volume and cost containment initiatives.

Aerospace Systems Segment operating margin increased in 2022 primarily due to higher sales volume, favorable commercial aftermarket product mix, higher aftermarket profitability as well as lower unfunded engineering development expenses. These benefits were partially offset by challenges created by the ongoing inflationary environment, disruption within the supply chain and labor markets as well as unfavorable commercial OEM product mix.

Business Realignment

Within the Aerospace Systems Segment, we incurred acquisition integration and business realignment charges of $90 million in 2023. We expect to incur approximately $27 million in business realignment and acquisition integration charges in 2024. However, continually changing business conditions could impact the ultimate costs we incur.

During 2022, we incurred $7 million of expense within the Aerospace Systems Segment as a result of our exit of business operations in Russia. These charges primarily consist of write-downs of inventory and other working capital items.

Backlog

The increase in Aerospace Systems Segment backlog in 2023 was primarily due to the addition of Meggitt backlog as well as orders exceeding shipments in the commercial OEM and aftermarket businesses and the military OEM and aftermarket businesses.

The increase in backlog in 2022 was primarily due to orders exceeding shipments in the commercial OEM and aftermarket businesses, partially offset by shipments exceeding orders in the military OEM and aftermarket businesses.

Corporate general & administrative expenses

Expense (income)

Corporate general and administrative expense $ 230 $ 220 $ 178

Corporate general and administrative expenses increased in 2023 primarily due to higher net expense from the Company's incentive compensation programs and higher professional fees. These expenses were partially offset by lower expenses relating to the Company's deferred compensation plan and related investments. The increase in 2022 was primarily due to higher net expense from the Company's deferred compensation plan and related investments, higher professional fees and related expenses as well as higher incentive compensation expense. These expenses were partially offset by lower pension expense.

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Other expense (income)(in Business Segments)

Expense (income)

Foreign currency transaction loss (gain) $ 46 $ (40) $ (11)

Stock-based compensation 78 63 61

Acquisition-related expenses 114 96 5

Loss on deal-contingent forward contracts 390 1,015 —

Gain on disposal of assets (363) (7) (109)

Interest income (46) (10) (7)

Russia liquidation — 7 —

Other items, net (1) (2) 2

Foreign currency transaction loss (gain) primarily relates to the impact of exchange rates on cash, forward contracts, certain cross currency swap contracts and intercompany transactions. During 2023, it also includes foreign currency transaction loss associated with completing the Acquisition.

Acquisition-related expenses include Bridge Credit Agreement financing fees and transaction costs related to the Acquisition. Refer to Notes 3 and 10 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for further discussion.

Loss on deal-contingent forward contracts includes losses on the deal-contingent forward contracts related to the Acquisition. Refer to Note 16 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for further discussion.

Gain on disposal of assets includes a gain on the sale of the aircraft wheel and brake business within the Aerospace Systems Segment of approximately $374 million in 2023 and a gain of $101 million on the sale of land in 2021. Refer to Note 3to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for further discussion.

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

We believe that we are great generators and deployers of cash. We assess our liquidity in terms of our ability to generate cash to fund our operations and meet our strategic capital deployment objectives, which include the following:

•Continuing our record annual dividend increases

•Investing in organic growth and productivity

•Strategic acquisitions that strengthen our portfolio

•Offset share dilution through 10b5-1 share repurchase program

Cash Flows

A summary of cash flows follows:

Cash provided by (used in):

Investing activities (8,177) (419) —

Effect of exchange rates (5) (24) 96

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Cash flows from operating activities were $2,980 million in 2023, $2,442 million in 2022 and $2,575 million in 2021. The increase of $538 million in 2023 and decrease of $133 million in 2022 were primarily related to net changes in cash provided by accounts receivable, inventories, and accounts payable, trade. We continue to focus on managing inventory and other working capital requirements. Cash flows from operating activities for 2023 were negatively impacted by acquisition-transaction expenses.

•Days sales outstanding relating to trade receivables for the Company was 51 days in 2023, 51 days in 2022, and 50 days in 2021.

•Days supply of inventory on hand was 85 days in 2023, 77 days in 2022, and 75 days in 2021.

Cash flows from investing activities in 2023, 2022, and 2021 were impacted by the following factors:

•Payment for the Acquisition, net of cash acquired, of $7.1 billion in 2023.

•Payments to settle the deal-contingent forward contracts of $1.4 billion in 2023.

•Net maturities of marketable securities of $19 million in 2023 compared to $4 million in 2022 and $45 million in 2021.

•Capital expenditures of $381 million in 2023 compared to $230 million in 2022 and $210 million in 2021.

•Net proceeds from the sale of the aircraft wheel and brake business of approximately $443 million in 2023.

•Net proceeds from the sale of land of approximately $111 million in 2021.

•Cash collateral received of $250 million in 2023 that was paid in 2022 per the credit support annex ("CSA") attached to the deal-contingent forward contracts. Refer to Note 16to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for further discussion.

Cash flows from financing activities in 2023, 2022, and 2021 were impacted by the following factors:

•Repurchases of 0.7 million common shares for $200 million during 2023 compared to repurchases of 1.3 million and 0.3 million common shares for $380 million and $100 million during 2022 and 2021, respectively.

•Proceeds of $2.0 billion from borrowings under the term loan facility (the "Term Loan Facility") in fiscal 2023. Subsequently in fiscal 2023, we made payments totaling $1.1 billion towards the outstanding balance under the Term Loan Facility. Refer to Note 10 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for further discussion.

•Payments related to maturity of $300 million aggregate principal amounts of medium term notes in 2023.

•Payments to retire $900 million aggregate principal amount of private placement notes assumed in the Acquisition in Fiscal 2023. Refer to Note 3 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for further discussion.

•Net proceeds from Senior Notes issuances of $3.6 billion in 2022 compared to term loan repayments of $1.2 billion in 2021.

•Net commercial paper borrowings of $358 million in 2023 compared to net commercial paper borrowings of $1.4 billion in 2022 and net commercial paper repayments of $723 million in 2021.

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Cash Requirements

We are actively monitoring our liquidity position and remain focused on managing our inventory and other working capital requirements. We are continuing to target two percent of sales for capital expenditures and are prioritizing those related to safety, strategic investments, and sustainability initiatives. We believe that cash generated from operations and our commercial paper program will satisfy our operating needs for the foreseeable future.

We have committed cash outflow related to long-term debt, operating and financing lease agreements, and postretirement benefit obligations. Refer to Notes 10, 11, and 12 respectively, of Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for further discussion.

Dividends

Dividends have been paid for 292 consecutive quarters, including a yearly increase in dividends for the last 67 years. The current annual dividend rate is $5.92 per common share.

Share Repurchases

The Company has a program to repurchase its common shares. On October 22, 2014, the Board of Directors of the Company approved an increase in the overall number of shares authorized to repurchase under the program so that, beginning on such date, the aggregate number of shares authorized for repurchase was 35 million. There is no limitation on the number of shares that can be repurchased in a year. Repurchases may be funded primarily from operating cash flows and commercial paper borrowings and the shares are initially held as treasury shares. Refer to Note 13to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for further discussion.

Liquidity

Cash, comprised of cash and cash equivalents and marketable securities and other investments, includes $422 million, $465 million, and $467 million held by the Company's foreign subsidiaries at June 30, 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively. The Company does not permanently reinvest certain foreign earnings. The distribution of these earnings could result in non-federal U.S. or foreign taxes. All other undistributed foreign earnings remain permanently reinvested.

We are currently authorized to sell up to $3.0 billion of short-term commercial paper notes. There were $1.8 billion outstanding commercial paper notes as of June 30, 2023, and the largest amount of commercial paper notes outstanding during the fourth quarter of 2023 was $2.1 billion.

The Company has a line of credit totaling $3.0 billion through a multi-currency revolving credit agreement with a group of banks. As of June 30, 2023, $1.2 billion was available for borrowing under the credit agreement. Advances from the credit agreement can be used for general corporate purposes, including acquisitions, and for the refinancing of existing indebtedness. The credit agreement supports our commercial paper program, and issuances of commercial paper reduce the amount of credit available under the agreement. During 2023, the Company amended its credit agreement and extended the expiration to June 2028. The Company has the right to request a one-year extension of the expiration date on an annual basis, which request may result in changes to the current terms and conditions of the credit agreement. The credit agreement requires the payment of an annual facility fee, the amount of which is dependent upon the Company’s credit ratings. Although a lowering of the Company’s credit ratings would increase the cost of future debt, it would not limit the Company’s ability to use the credit agreement nor would it accelerate the repayment of any outstanding borrowings. Refer to Note 9 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for further discussion.

We primarily utilize unsecured medium-term notes and senior notes to meet our financing needs and we expect to continue to borrow funds at reasonable rates over the long term. During 2022, the Company issued $1.4 billion aggregate principal amount of 3.65 percent Senior Notes due June 15, 2024, $1.2 billion aggregate principal amount of 4.25 percent Senior Notes due September 15, 2027, and $1.0 billion aggregate principal amount of 4.50 percent Senior Notes due September 15, 2029 (collectively, the "Senior Notes"). We used proceeds of the Senior Notes to finance a portion of the Acquisition.

The Company’s credit agreements and indentures governing certain debt securities contain various covenants, the violation of which would limit or preclude the use of the credit agreements for future borrowings, or might accelerate the maturity of the related outstanding borrowings covered by the indentures. Based on the Company’s rating level at June 30, 2023, the most restrictive financial covenant provides that the ratio of debt to debt-shareholders' equity cannot exceed 0.65 to 1.0. At June 30, 2023, the Company's debt to debt-shareholders' equity ratio was 0.55 to 1.0. We are in compliance, and expect to remain in compliance, with all covenants set forth in the credit agreement and indentures.

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Our goal is to maintain an investment-grade credit profile. The rating agencies periodically update our credit ratings as events occur. At June 30, 2023, the long-term credit ratings assigned to the Company's senior debt securities by the credit rating agencies engaged by the Company were as follows:

Fitch Ratings BBB+

Moody's Investor Services, Inc. Baa1

Standard & Poor's BBB+

Supply Chain Financing

We continue to identify opportunities to improve our liquidity and working capital efficiency, which includes the extension of payment terms with our suppliers. We currently have supply chain financing ("SCF") programs with financial intermediaries, which provide certain suppliers the option to be paid by the financial intermediaries earlier than the due date on the applicable invoice. We are not a party to the agreements between the participating financial intermediaries and the suppliers in connection with the programs. The range of payment terms we negotiate with our suppliers is consistent, irrespective of whether a supplier participates in the programs. We do not reimburse suppliers for any costs they incur for participation in the programs and their participation is completely voluntary. Amounts due to our suppliers that elected to participate in the SCF programs are included in accounts payable on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. Accounts payable included approximately $85 million and $46 million payable to suppliers who have elected to participate in the SCF programs as of June 30, 2023 and June 30, 2022, respectively. In 2023 and 2022, the amount settled through the SCF programs and paid to participating financial institutions totaled $284 million and $35 million, respectively. The increase in the amount outstanding in the programs from the June 30, 2022 balance is primarily due to the addition of Meggitt's SCF program. We account for payments made under the programs in the same manner as our other accounts payable, which is a reduction to our cash flows from operations. We do not believe that changes in the availability of supply chain financing will have a significant impact on our liquidity.

Strategic Acquisitions

Upon announcing the Acquisition on August 2, 2021, the Company entered into the Bridge Credit Agreement where lenders committed to provide senior, unsecured financing in the aggregate principal amount of £6.5 billion. In July 2022, after consideration of an escrow balance designated for the Acquisition and funds available under the $2.0 billion Term Loan Facility, we reduced the aggregate committed principal amount of the Bridge Credit Agreement to zero, and the Bridge Credit Agreement was terminated.

During September 2022, the Company fully drew against the $2.0 billion Term Loan Facility, which will mature in September 2025, to finance a portion of the Acquisition. Subsequently, during the year we made principal payments totaling $1.1 billion related to the Term Loan Facility. Refer to Note 10 of the Consolidated Financial Statements in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for further discussion.

On September 12, 2022, we completed the acquisition of all outstanding ordinary shares of Meggitt for 800 pence per share, resulting in an aggregate cash purchase price of $7.2 billion, including the assumption of debt. We funded the purchase using cash and net proceeds from the issuance of senior notes and commercial paper and the Term Loan Facility, which were accumulated in an escrow account designated for the Acquisition. Refer to Note 3 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for further discussion.

Upon closing the Acquisition, we settled the deal-contingent forward contracts entered into during October 2021 to mitigate the risk of appreciation in the GBP-denominated purchase price. These deal-contingent forward contracts had an aggregate notional amount of £6.4 billion. Refer to the Cash Flows section above and Note 16 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for further discussion.

On April 11, 2022, the European Commission cleared the Acquisition, conditional on full compliance with commitments offered by Parker, including a commitment to divest its aircraft wheel and brake business within the Aerospace Systems Segment. In accordance with these commitments, we sold the aircraft wheel and brake business in September 2022 for proceeds of $443 million. Refer to Note 3 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for further discussion.

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. The policies discussed below are considered by management to be more critical than other policies because their application places the most significant demands on management's judgment.

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Revenue Recognition - Revenues are recognized when control of performance obligations, which are distinct goods or services within the contract, is transferred to the customer. Control is transferred when the customer has the ability to direct the use of and obtain the benefits from the goods or services. A majority of our revenues are recognized at a point in time when control is transferred to the customer, which is generally at the time of shipment. However, a portion of our revenues are recognized over time if the customer simultaneously receives control as we perform work under a contract, if the customer controls the asset as it is being produced, or if the product has no alternative use and we have a contractual right to payment.

For contracts where revenue is recognized over time, we use the cost-to-cost or units of delivery method depending on the nature of the contract, including length of production time. The estimation of costs and efforts expended requires management's judgment due to the duration of the contractual agreements as well as the technical nature of the products involved. Adjustments to these estimates are made on a consistent basis and a contract reserve is established when the estimated costs to complete a contract exceed the expected contract revenues.

When there are multiple performance obligations within a contract, the transaction price is allocated to each performance obligation based on its standalone selling price. The primary method used to estimate a standalone selling price is the price observed in standalone sales to customers for the same product or service. Revenue is recognized when control of the individual performance obligations is transferred to the customer.

We consider the contractual consideration payable by the customer and assess variable consideration that may affect the total transaction price. Variable consideration is included in the estimated transaction price when there is a basis to reasonably estimate the amount, including whether the estimate should be constrained in order to avoid a significant reversal of revenue in a future period. These estimates are based on historical experience, anticipated performance under the terms of the contract and our best judgment at the time.

Impairment of Goodwilland Long-Lived Assets - We test goodwill for impairment at the reporting unit level on an annual basis and between annual tests whenever events or circumstances indicate the carrying value of a reporting unit may exceed its fair value. Our five reporting units are equivalent to our operating segments. As quoted market prices are not available for our reporting units, determining whether an impairment occurred requires the valuation of the respective reporting unit, which is estimated using both income-based and market-based valuation methods. The income-based valuation method utilizes a discounted cash flow model which requires several assumptions, including future sales growth and operating margin levels as well as assumptions regarding future industry-specific market conditions. Each reporting unit regularly prepares discrete operating forecasts and uses these forecasts as the basis for the assumptions in the discounted cash flow analysis. Within the discounted cash flow models, the Company uses a discount rate, commensurate with its cost of capital but adjusted for inherent business risks, and an appropriate terminal growth factor. The market-based valuation performed for each reporting unit includes an analysis consisting of market-adjusted multiples based on key data points for guideline public companies. We also reconcile the estimated aggregate fair value of our reporting units resulting from these procedures to our overall market capitalization.

At December 31, 2022, the Company performed its annual goodwill impairment test for each of its five reporting units. The results of this test indicated the fair value substantially exceeded carrying value for all reporting units. We continually monitor our reporting units for impairment indicators and update assumptions used in the most recent calculation of a reporting unit's fair value as appropriate.

Long-lived assets held for use, which primarily includes finite-lived intangible assets and property, plant and equipment, are evaluated for impairment whenever events or circumstances indicate that the undiscounted net cash flows to be generated by their use over their expected useful lives and eventual disposition are less than their carrying value. The long-term nature of these assets requires the estimation of their cash inflows and outflows several years into the future and only takes into consideration technological advances known at the time of the impairment test. During 2023, the Company did not record any material impairments related to long-lived assets.

Pensions - The annual net periodic expense and benefit obligations related to the Company's defined benefit plans are determined on an actuarial basis. This determination requires critical assumptions regarding the discount rate, long-term rate of return on plan assets, increases in compensation levels and amortization periods for actuarial gains and losses. Assumptions are determined based on Company data and appropriate market indicators and are evaluated each year as of the plans' measurement date. Changes in the assumptions to reflect actual experience as well as the amortization of actuarial gains and losses could result in a material change in the annual net periodic expense and benefit obligations reported in the financial statements.

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For the Company's domestic qualified defined benefit plan, a 50 basis point change in the assumed long-term rate of return on plan assets is estimated to have an $18 million effect on annual pension expense and a 50 basis point decrease in the discount rate is estimated to decrease annual pension expense by $3 million. As of June 30, 2023, $342 million of past years' net actuarial losses related to the Company's domestic qualified defined benefit plan are subject to amortization in the future. These losses will generally be amortized over approximately seven years and will negatively affect earnings in the future. Any actuarial gains experienced in future years will help offset the effect of the net actuarial loss amortization. Further information on pensions is provided in Note 12 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Business Combinations - From time to time, we may enter into business combinations. Business acquisitions are accounted for using the acquisition method of accounting, which allocates the fair value of the purchase consideration to the tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their estimated fair values. In the fair value evaluation of intangible assets acquired, there are significant estimates and assumptions, including forecasts of future cash flows, revenues; and earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization; as well as the selection of the royalty rates and discount rates. The excess of the purchase consideration over the fair values of these identifiable assets and liabilities is recorded as goodwill. The acquisition method of accounting also requires us to refine these estimates over a measurement period not to exceed one year to reflect new information obtained about facts and circumstances that existed as of the acquisition date that, if known, would have affected the measurement of the amounts recognized as of that date. If we are required to adjust provisional amounts that we have recorded for the fair values of assets and liabilities in connection with acquisitions, these adjustments could have a material impact on our financial condition and results of operations.

Income Taxes - Significant judgment is required in determining the Company's income tax expense and in evaluating tax positions. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities have been recorded for the differences between the financial accounting and income tax basis of assets and liabilities. Factors considered by the Company in determining the probability of realizing deferred income tax assets include forecasted operating earnings, available tax planning strategies and the time period over which the temporary differences will reverse. The Company reviews its tax positions on a regular basis and adjusts the balances as new information becomes available. For those tax positions where it is more likely than not that a tax benefit will be sustained, the largest amount of tax benefit with a greater than 50 percent likelihood of being realized upon examination by a taxing authority that has full knowledge of all relevant information will be recorded. For those income tax positions where it is not more likely than not that a tax benefit will be sustained, no tax benefit has been recognized in the Consolidated Financial Statements. Further information on income taxes is provided in Note 5 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Loss Contingencies - The Company has a number of loss exposures incurred in the ordinary course of business such as environmental claims, product liability and litigation reserves. Establishing loss accruals for these matters requires management's estimate and judgment with regards to risk exposure and ultimate liability or realization. We review these loss accruals periodically and make adjustments to reflect the most recent facts and circumstances.

RECENTLY ISSUED ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS

Recently issued accounting pronouncements are described in Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements, included in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

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ITEM 7A.Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.

A substantial portion of our operations are conducted by our subsidiaries outside of the U.S. in currencies other than the U.S. dollar. Most of our non-U.S. subsidiaries conduct their business primarily in their local currencies, which are also their functional currencies. Foreign currency exposures arise from translation of foreign-denominated assets and liabilities into U.S. dollars and from transactions denominated in a currency other than the subsidiary’s functional currency. Although the amount of this activity has increased with the Acquisition, we expect to continue to manage the associated foreign currency transaction and translation risk using existing processes.

The Company manages foreign currency transaction and translation risk by utilizing derivative and non-derivative financial instruments, including forward exchange contracts, deal-contingent forward contracts, costless collar contracts, cross-currency swap contracts and certain foreign currency denominated debt designated as net investment hedges. The derivative financial instrument contracts are with major investment grade financial institutions and we do not anticipate any material non-performance by any of the counterparties. We do not hold or issue derivative financial instruments for trading purposes.

Derivative financial instruments are recognized on the Consolidated Balance Sheet as either assets or liabilities and are measured at fair value. Further information on the fair value of these contracts is provided in Note 16 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Derivatives that are not designated as hedges are adjusted to fair value by recording gains and losses through the Consolidated Statement of Income. Derivatives that are designated as hedges are adjusted to fair value by recording gains and losses through accumulated other comprehensive (loss) in the Consolidated Balance Sheet until the hedged item is recognized in earnings. For cross-currency swaps measured using the spot method, the periodic interest settlements are recognized directly in earnings through interest expense. The translation of the foreign currency denominated debt that has been designated as a net investment hedge is recorded in accumulated other comprehensive (loss) and remains there until the underlying net investment is sold or substantially liquidated.

The Company's debt portfolio contains variable rate debt, inherently exposing the Company to interest rate risk. The Company's objective is to maintain a 60/40 mix between fixed rate and variable rate debt thereby limiting its exposure to changes in near-term interest rates. At June 30, 2023, our debt portfolio included $875 million of variable rate debt, exclusive of commercial paper borrowings. A 100 basis point increase in near-term interest rates would increase annual interest expense on variable rate debt, including weighted-average commercial paper borrowings during 2023, by approximately $25 million.

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ITEM 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.

Page Numberin Form 10-K

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (PCAOB ID No. 34) 37

Financial Statements

Consolidated Statement of Income 40

Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income 41

Consolidated Balance Sheet 42

Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows 43

Consolidated Statement of Equity 44

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 45

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REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the shareholders and the Board of Directors of Parker-Hannifin Corporation

Opinions on the Financial Statements and Internal Control over Financial Reporting

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Parker-Hannifin Corporation and subsidiaries (the "Company") as of June 30, 2023 and 2022, the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, cash flows, and equity, for each of the three years in the period ended June 30, 2023, and the related notes and the schedule listed in the Index at Item 15 (collectively referred to as the "financial statements"). We also have audited the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of June 30, 2023, based on criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO).

In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of June 30, 2023 and 2022, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended June 30, 2023, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Also, in our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of June 30, 2023, based on criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013) issued by COSO.

As described in Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting, management excluded from its assessment the internal control over financial reporting at Meggitt plc ("Meggitt"), which was acquired on September 12, 2022, and whose financial statements constitute approximately 36% of total assets and 11% of net sales of the consolidated financial statement amounts as of and for the year ended June 30, 2023. Accordingly, our audit did not include the internal control over financial reporting at Meggitt.

Basis for Opinions

The Company’s management is responsible for these financial statements, for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements and an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud, and whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects.

Our audits of the financial statements included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures to respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audits also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinions.

Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

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Critical Audit Matters

The critical audit matters communicated below are matters arising from the current-period audit of the financial statements that were communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that (1) relate to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matters below, providing separate opinions on the critical audit matters or on the accounts or disclosures to which they relate.

Revenue — Refer to Notes 1 and 2 to the financial statements

Critical Audit Matter Description

The Company is a highly diversified manufacturer with revenue derived from the sales of products in a variety of industrial and aerospace markets. The Company’s business activities are carried out by numerous individual business units, which offer unique technology and product platforms in over forty countries globally to more than 500,000 customers.

We identified revenue recorded as a result of product shipments as a critical audit matter due to the geographic dispersion of the Company’s operations and business units generating revenue. Extensive audit effort is performed due to the volume of the underlying transactions and number of individual business units. High levels of auditor judgment were necessary to determine the nature, timing, and extent of audit procedures performed to audit revenue recorded as a result of product shipments.

How the Critical Audit Matter Was Addressed in the Audit

Our audit procedures related to the Company’s revenue transactions generated from product shipments included the following, among others:

•We tested the design and effectiveness of internal controls within the revenue business processes, including controls over revenue recognition and controls over the review of operating results.

•We performed transaction testing for revenue populations subject to detail testing by agreeing the amounts recorded as revenue to source documents and determined that revenue was recognized appropriately.

•We tested the completeness of revenue for revenue populations subject to detail testing, by making selections from a reciprocal population such as a sales order listing and determined whether the product included in the sales order was appropriately recorded as a sale in the general ledger.

•We performed substantive analytical procedures to extend our testing from an interim date to the end of the fiscal year for revenue transactions not subject to detail transaction testing. We developed independent expectations of revenue based on data derived from the results of our detail revenue testing and compared these expectations to the revenue recorded by management.

Acquisition — Meggitt — Valuation of intangible assets — Refer to Note 3 to the financial statements

Critical Audit Matter Description

The Company completed the acquisition of Meggitt for $7.2 billion on September 12, 2022. The Company accounted for the acquisition under the acquisition method of accounting for business combinations. Accordingly, the Company allocated the purchase price, on a preliminary basis, to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their estimated fair value and recorded $5.7 billion of intangible assets composed of customer-related intangible assets, technology, and trade names.

Management estimated the fair value of these intangible assets utilizing an income approach.The fair value determination of the customer-related intangible assets, technology, and trade names required management to make several significant assumptions related to the forecasts of revenue growth rates, and earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization ("EBITDA") margins as well as the selection of royalty and discount rates.

We identified the valuation of Meggitt acquisition customer-related intangible assets, technology, and trade names as a critical audit matter because of the significant assumptions management makes to estimate the fair value of these assets. This required a high degree of auditor judgment and an increased extent of effort, including the need to involve our fair value specialists.

How the Critical Audit Matter Was Addressed in the Audit

Our audit procedures related to the forecasts of revenue growth rates and EBITDA margins, the selection of valuation methodologies utilized, and the selection of royalty rates and discount rates for the intangible assets included the following, among others:

•We evaluated the design and operating effectiveness of controls over the valuation of the intangible assets acquired, including management’s controls over the forecasts of revenue growth rates and EBITDA margins and selection of the royalty and discount rates.

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•We assessed the reasonableness of management’s forecasts of revenue growth rates and EBITDA margins by comparing the projections to historical results, actual results to date and external market sources, and evaluated whether the estimated revenue growth rates were consistent with evidence obtained in other areas of the audit.

•We performed qualitative and quantitative analyses to identify the assumptions that would significantly impact the overall valuation of the intangible assets acquired. The assumptions identified included (1) revenue growth rates, (2) EBITDA margins, (3) royalty rates and (4) discount rates.

•With the assistance of our fair value specialists, we evaluated the reasonableness of the (1) valuation methodologies and (2) the selection of the royalty and discount rates selected by:

•Testing the source information underlying the determination of the royalty and discount rates.

•Comparing the selected royalty and discount rates to market data for comparable rates.

•Testing the mathematical accuracy of the calculations.

•Developing a range of independent estimates and comparing those to the royalty and discount rates selected by management.

•Comparing the valuation methodologies applied to acceptable valuation methodologies for the valuation of intangible assets

/s/ DELOITTE & TOUCHE LLP

Cleveland, Ohio

August 24, 2023

We have served as the Company's auditor since 2008.

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CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF INCOME

For the years ended June 30,

(Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts) 2023 2022* 2021*

Less: Noncontrolling interest in subsidiaries' earnings 600 581 761

Earnings per Share Attributable to Common Shareholders

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

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CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

For the years ended June 30,

Less: Noncontrolling interests in subsidiaries' earnings 600 581 761

Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

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CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET

(Dollars in thousands)

Assets

Current Assets

Marketable securities and other investments 8,390 27,862

Liabilities and Equity

Current Liabilities

Notes payable and long-term debt payable within one year $ 3,763,175 $ 1,724,310

Equity

Shareholders' Equity

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

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CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS

For the years ended June 30,

Cash Flows From Operating Activities

Loss (gain) on disposal of property, plant and equipment 3,819 (5,727) (109,332)

Cash Flows From Investing Activities

Payments of deal-contingent forward contracts (1,405,418) — —

Cash Flows From Financing Activities

Supplemental Data:

Cash paid during the year for:

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

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CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF EQUITY

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts or as otherwise noted)

The term "year" and references to specific years refer to the applicable fiscal years.

1. Significant Accounting Policies

The significant accounting policies followed in the preparation of the accompanying consolidated financial statements are summarized below.

Nature of Operations- The Company is a leading worldwide diversified manufacturer of motion and control technologies and systems, providing precision engineered solutions for a wide variety of mobile, industrial and aerospace markets. We evaluate performance based on segment operating income before corporate administrative expenses, interest expense and income taxes.

There are no individual customers to whom sales are more than four percent of the Company's consolidated sales. Due to our diverse group of customers throughout the world, we do not consider ourself exposed to any concentration of credit risks.

The Company manufactures and markets its products throughout the world. Although certain risks and uncertainties exist, the diversity and breadth of our products and geographic operations mitigate the risk that adverse changes with respect to any particular product and geographic operation would materially affect our operating results.

Use of Estimates - The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Reclassification - Certain prior-year amounts in the Consolidated Statement of Income have been reclassified to conform to the current-year presentation. Effective July 1, 2022, we began classifying certain expenses, previously classified as cost of sales, as selling, general and administrative expenses ("SG&A") or within other expense (income), net. During the integration of recently acquired businesses, the Company has seen diversity in practice of the classification of certain expenses, and the reclassification was made to better align the presentation of expenses on the Consolidated Statement of Income with management’s internal reporting. The expenses reclassified from cost of sales to SG&A relate to certain administrative activities conducted in production facilities and research and development. Foreign currency transaction expense was also reclassified from cost of sales to other expense (income), net on the Consolidated Statement of Income. These reclassifications had no impact on net income, earnings per share, cash flows, segment reporting or the financial position of the Company.

For the year ended June 30, 2022, the reclassification resulted in a decrease of $837 million to cost of sales, an increase of $877 million to SG&A, and a decrease of $40 million to other expense (income), net. For the year ended June 30, 2021 the reclassification resulted in a decrease of $845 million to cost of sales, an increase of $856 million to SG&A, and a decrease of $11 million to other expense (income), net.

Basis of Consolidation - The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of all majority-owned domestic and foreign subsidiaries. All intercompany transactions and profits have been eliminated in the consolidated financial statements. The Company does not have off-balance sheet arrangements. Within the business segment information, inter-segment and inter-area sales have been eliminated.

Revenue Recognition - Revenues are recognized when control of performance obligations, which are distinct goods or services within the contract, is transferred to the customer. Control is transferred when the customer has the ability to direct the use of and obtain the benefits from the goods or services. When revenue is recognized at a point in time, control generally transfers at time of shipment. Revenues are recognized over time if the customer simultaneously receives control as the Company performs work under a contract, if the customer controls the asset as it is being produced, or if the product produced for the customer has no alternative use and the Company has a contractual right to payment.

For contracts where revenue is recognized over time, we use the cost-to-cost, efforts expended or units of delivery method depending on the nature of the contract, including length of production time. The estimation of these costs and efforts expended requires judgment on the part of management due to the duration of the contractual agreements as well as the technical nature of the products involved. We make adjustments to these estimates on a consistent basis and establish a contract reserve when the estimated costs to complete a contract exceed the expected contract revenues.

A contract’s transaction price is allocated to each distinct performance obligation. When there are multiple performance obligations within a contract, the transaction price is allocated to each performance obligation based on its standalone selling price. The primary method used to estimate a standalone selling price is the price observed in standalone sales to customers of the same product or service. Revenue is recognized when control of the individual performance obligations is transferred to the customer.

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We consider the contractual consideration payable by the customer and assess variable consideration that may affect the total transaction price. Variable consideration primarily includes prompt pay discounts, rebates and volume discounts and is included in the estimated transaction price when there is a basis to reasonably estimate the amount, including whether the estimate should be constrained in order to avoid a significant reversal of revenue in a future period. These estimates are based on historical experience, anticipated performance under the terms of the contract and our best judgment at the time.

Payment terms vary by customer and the geographic location of the customer. The time between when revenue is recognized and payment is due is not significant. Our contracts with customers generally do not include significant financing components or noncash consideration.

Taxes collected from customers and remitted to governmental authorities are excluded from revenue. Shipping and handling costs are treated as fulfillment costs and are included in cost of sales. The costs to obtain a contract where the amortization period for the related asset is one year or less are expensed as incurred.

There is generally no unilateral right to return products. The Company primarily offers an assurance-type standard warranty that the product will conform to certain specifications for a defined period of time or usage after delivery. This type of warranty does not represent a separate performance obligation.

Cash - Cash equivalents consist of short-term, highly liquid investments with a maturity of three months or less. These investments are carried at cost plus accrued interest and are readily convertible into cash.

Marketable Securities and Other Investments - Consist of short-term, highly liquid investments with stated maturities of greater than three months from the date of purchase, which are carried at cost plus accrued interest. Marketable securities and other investments also include investments in equity securities which are carried at fair value. Changes in fair value related to equity securities are recorded in net income. We have the ability to liquidate these investments after giving appropriate notice to the issuer.

Trade Accounts Receivable, Net - Trade accounts receivable are initially recorded at their net collectible amount and are generally recorded at the time the revenue from the sales transaction is recorded. We evaluate the collectibility of our receivables based on historical experience and current and forecasted economic conditions based on management's judgment. Additionally, receivables are written off to bad debt when management makes a final determination of uncollectibility. Allowance for credit losses was $32 million and $10 million at June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The increase in the allowance for credit losses from the June 30, 2022 amount is primarily due to the Acquisition.

Non-Trade and Notes Receivable - The non-trade and notes receivable caption in the Consolidated Balance Sheet is comprised of the following components:

Cash collateral receivable(a) — 250,000

(a) The cash collateral receivable relates to the deal-contingent forward contracts. Refer to Note 16 for further discussion.

Property, Plant and Equipment and Depreciation - Property, plant and equipment are recorded at cost and are depreciated principally using the straight-line method for financial reporting purposes. Depreciation rates are based on estimated useful lives of the assets, generally 40 years for buildings, 15 years for land improvements and building equipment, seven to 10 years for machinery and equipment, and three to eight years for vehicles and office equipment. Improvements, which extend the useful life of property, are capitalized, and maintenance and repairs are expensed. We review property, plant and equipment for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that their carrying value may not be recoverable. When property, plant and equipment are retired or otherwise disposed of, the cost and accumulated depreciation are removed from the appropriate accounts and any gain or loss is included in current income.

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The property, plant and equipment caption in the Consolidated Balance Sheet is comprised of the following components:

Investments and Other Assets -Investments in joint-venture companies in which ownership is 50 percent or less and in which the Company does not have operating control are stated at cost plus the Company's equity in undistributed earnings and amounted to $297 million and $314 million at June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. A significant portion of the underlying net assets of the joint ventures are related to goodwill. The Company's share of earnings from investments in joint-venture companies were $124 million, $76 million and $41 million in 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

Intangible Assets- Intangible assets primarily include patents and technology, trade names and customer relationships and contracts and are recorded at cost and amortized on a straight-line method. Patents and technology are amortized over the shorter of their remaining useful or legal life. Trade names are amortized over the estimated time period over which an economic benefit is expected to be received. Customer relationships are amortized over a period based on anticipated customer attrition rates or contractual lives. The Company reviews intangible assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that their carrying value may not be recoverable.

Goodwill - The Company conducts a formal impairment test of goodwill on an annual basis and between annual tests if an event occurs or circumstances change that would, more likely than not, reduce the fair value of a reporting unit below its carrying value.

Income Taxes - Income taxes are provided based upon income for financial reporting purposes. Taxes related to Global Intangible Low-Taxed Income ("GILTI") are treated as a current period expense when incurred. Tax credits and similar tax incentives are applied to reduce the provision for income taxes in the year in which the credits arise. We recognize accrued interest related to unrecognized tax benefits in income tax expense. Penalties, if incurred, are recognized in income tax expense. Deferred income taxes arise from temporary differences in the recognition of income and expense for tax purposes. Income tax effects resulting from adjusting temporary differences recorded in accumulated other comprehensive (loss) are released when the circumstances on which they are based cease to exist.

Foreign Currency Translation - Assets and liabilities of foreign subsidiaries are translated at current exchange rates, and income and expenses are translated using weighted-average exchange rates. The effects of these translation adjustments, as well as gains and losses from certain intercompany transactions, are reported in accumulated other comprehensive (loss). Such adjustments will affect net income only upon sale or liquidation of the underlying foreign investments. Exchange (gains) losses from transactions in a currency other than the local currency of the entity involved are included within the other expense (income), net caption in the Consolidated Statement of Income and were $46 million, $(40) million and $(11) million, in 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

Subsequent Events - We evaluated subsequent events that have occurred through the date of filing of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended June 30, 2023. No subsequent events occurred that required adjustment to or disclosure in these financial statements.

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Recent Accounting Pronouncements - In November 2021, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2021-10, "Government Assistance (Topic 832), Disclosures by Business Entities about Government Assistance", which requires entities to provide disclosures on material government assistance transactions for annual reporting periods. The disclosures include information around the nature of the assistance, the related accounting policies used to account for government assistance, the effect of government assistance on the entity’s financial statements, and any significant terms and conditions of the agreements, including commitments and contingencies. The new guidance is effective for all entities for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2021; however, early adoption is permitted. The guidance may be applied either prospectively to all in-scope transactions that are reflected in the financial statements at the date of initial application and to new transactions that are entered into after the date of initial application, or retrospectively. The Company prospectively adopted this standard during the fourth quarter of fiscal 2023 with no material impact on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In September 2022, the FASB issued ASU 2022-04, "Liabilities—Supplier Finance Programs (Topic 405-50), Disclosure of Supplier Finance Program Obligations" ("ASU 2022-04"). ASU 2022-04 requires quantitative and qualitative disclosures about the key terms of supplier finance programs, an annual rollforward of obligations to finance providers, and interim disclosure of obligations as of each reporting period presented. ASU 2022-04 is effective for all entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022, on a retrospective basis, including interim periods within those fiscal years, except for the requirement to disclose rollforward information, which is effective prospectively for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact this guidance will have on its consolidated financial statements and does not expect it to be material.

2. Revenue recognition

Revenue is derived primarily from the sale of products in a variety of mobile, industrial and aerospace markets. A majority of the Company’s revenues are recognized at a point in time. However, a portion of the Company’s revenues are recognized over time.

Disaggregation of revenue

Revenue from contracts with customers is disaggregated by technology platforms for the Diversified Industrial Segment, by product platforms for the Aerospace Systems Segment and by geographic location for the total Company.

The Diversified Industrial Segment is an aggregation of several business units, which manufacture motion-control and fluid power system components for builders and users of various types of manufacturing, packaging, processing, transportation, agricultural, construction, and military vehicles and equipment. Contracts consist of individual purchase orders for standard product, blanket purchase orders and production contracts. Blanket purchase orders are often associated with individual purchase orders and have terms and conditions which are subject to a master supply or distributor agreement. Individual production contracts, some of which may include multiple performance obligations, are typically for products manufactured to the customer's specifications. Revenue in the Diversified Industrial Segment is typically recognized at the time of product shipment, but a portion of revenue may be recognized over time for installation services or in situations where the product has no alternative use and we have an enforceable right to payment.

Diversified Industrial Segment revenues by technology platform:

The Aerospace Systems Segment produces hydraulic, fuel, pneumatic and electro-mechanical systems and components, which are utilized on virtually every domestic commercial, military and general aviation aircraft. Contracts generally consist of blanket purchase orders and individual long-term production contracts. Blanket purchase orders, which have terms and conditions subject to long-term supply agreements, are typically associated with individual purchase orders. Revenue in the Aerospace Systems Segment is typically recognized at the time of product shipment, but a portion of revenue may be recognized over time in situations where the customer controls the asset as it is produced or the product has no alternative use and we have an enforceable right to payment.

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Aerospace Systems Segment revenues by product platform:

Upon completing the Acquisition, we reviewed the disaggregation of revenue disclosure for the Aerospace Systems Segment and believe that disaggregation by primary market provides more meaningful information than disaggregation by product platform.

Total revenues by geographic region based on the Company's selling operation's location:

The majority of revenues from the Aerospace Systems Segment is generated from sales to customers within North America.

Contract balances

Contract assets and contract liabilities are reported on a contract-by-contract basis. Contract assets reflect revenue recognized and performance obligations satisfied in advance of customer billing. Contract liabilities relate to payments received in advance of the satisfaction of performance under the contract. Payments from customers are received based on the terms established in the contract with the customer.

Total contract assets and contract liabilities are as follows:

Net contract liabilities at June 30, 2023 increased from the prior year amount due to timing differences between when revenue was recognized and the receipt of advance payments as well as acquiring Meggitt's contract liabilities in excess of Meggitt's contract assets. During 2023, approximately $47 million of revenue was recognized that was included in the contract liabilities at June 30, 2022.

Remaining performance obligations

Our backlog represents written firm orders from a customer to deliver products and, in the case of blanket purchase orders, only includes the portion of the order for which a schedule or release has been agreed to with the customer. We believe our backlog represents our unsatisfied or partially unsatisfied performance obligations. Backlog at June 30, 2023 was $11.0 billion, of which approximately 79 percent is expected to be recognized as revenue within the next 12 months and the balance thereafter.

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3. Acquisitions and Divestitures

Acquisitions

On September 12, 2022, we completed the Acquisition of all the outstanding ordinary shares of Meggitt for 800 pence per share, resulting in an aggregate cash purchase price of $7.2 billion, including the assumption of debt.

Meggitt is a leader in design, manufacturing and aftermarket support of technologically differentiated systems and equipment in aerospace, defense and selected energy markets with annual sales of approximately $2.1 billion for the year ended December 31, 2021. For segment reporting purposes, approximately 82 percent of Meggitt's sales are included in the Aerospace Systems Segment, while the remaining 18 percent are included in the Diversified Industrial Segment.

Assets acquired and liabilities assumed are recognized at their respective fair values as of the date of the Acquisition. The process of estimating the fair values of certain tangible assets, identifiable intangible assets and assumed liabilities requires the use of judgment in determining the appropriate assumptions and estimates. The following table presents the preliminary estimated fair values of Meggitt's assets acquired and liabilities assumed on the date of the Acquisition. These preliminary estimates are based on available information and may be revised during the measurement period, not to exceed 12 months from the date of the Acquisition, as third-party valuations are finalized, additional information becomes available or as additional analysis is performed. Such revisions may have a material impact on our results of operations and financial position within the measurement period.

Assets:

Liabilities:

Goodwill is calculated as the excess of the purchase price over the net assets acquired and represents cost synergies and enhancements to our existing technologies. For tax purposes, Meggitt's goodwill is not deductible. Based upon a preliminary acquisition valuation, we acquired $4.3 billion of customer-related intangible assets, $1.1 billion of technology and $304 million of trade names, each with weighted average estimated useful lives of 22, 21 and 18 years, respectively. These intangible assets were valued using the income approach, which includes significant assumptions around future revenue growth, earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization, royalty rates and discount rates. Such assumptions are classified as level 3 inputs within the fair value hierarchy.

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The fair value of the assets acquired includes $116 million and $91 million of operating and finance lease right-of-use assets, respectively. The fair value of liabilities assumed includes $118 million and $90 million of operating and finance lease liabilities, respectively, of which, $19 million and $1 million of operating and finance lease liabilities, respectively, are current liabilities.

Debt assumed includes $900 million aggregate principal amount of private placement notes with fixed interest rates ranging from 2.78 percent to 3.60 percent, and maturity dates ranging from July 2023 to July 2026. The private placement notes were recorded at fair value at acquisition. In October 2022, we paid off $300 million aggregate principal amount of private placement notes in two tranches pursuant to an offer to noteholders according to change in control provisions. In June 2023, the Company paid the remaining $600 million aggregate principal amount of private placement notes assumed in the Acquisition, which resulted in a $10 million charge recorded in interest expense in the Consolidated Statement of Income associated with the fair value discount.

Upon acquiring Meggitt, we also assumed $134 million of liabilities associated with environmental matters, the liabilities are included within other liabilities. The environmental matters primarily relate to known exposures arising from environmental litigation, investigations and remediation of certain sites for which Meggitt has been identified as a potentially responsible party. The liabilities are based on outcomes of litigation and estimates of the level and timing of remediation costs, including the period of operating and monitoring activities required.

Our consolidated financial statements include the results of operations of Meggitt from the date of acquisition through June 30, 2023. Net sales and segment operating income attributable to Meggitt during 2023 was $2.1 billion and $23 million, respectively. Segment operating income attributable to Meggitt includes estimated amortization and depreciation expense associated with the preliminary fair value estimates of intangible assets, plant and equipment, inventory, as well as acquisition integration charges. Refer to Note 4 for further discussion of acquisition integration charges.

Acquisition-related transaction costs totaled $115 million in 2023. These costs are included in SG&A in the Consolidated Statement of Income.

The following table presents unaudited pro forma information for 2023 and 2022 as if the Acquisition had occurred on July 1, 2021.

(Unaudited)

The historical consolidated financial information of Parker and Meggitt has been adjusted in the pro forma information in the table above to give effect to events that are directly attributable to the Acquisition and factually supportable. To reflect the occurrence of the Acquisition on July 1, 2021, the unaudited pro forma information includes adjustments for the amortization of the step-up inventory to fair value and incremental depreciation and amortization expense resulting from the fair value adjustments to property, plant and equipment and intangible assets. These adjustments were based upon a preliminary purchase price allocation. Additionally, adjustments to financing costs and income tax expense were also made to reflect the capital structure and anticipated effective tax rate of the combined entity. Additionally, the pro forma information includes adjustments for non-recurring transactions directly related to the Acquisition, including the gain on the divestiture of the aircraft wheel and brake business, loss on deal-contingent forward contracts, and transaction costs. These non-recurring adjustments totaled $199 million and $654 million in 2023 and 2022, respectively. The resulting pro forma amounts are not necessarily indicative of the results that would have been obtained if the Acquisition had occurred as of the beginning of the period presented or that may occur in the future, and do not reflect future synergies, integration costs or other such costs or savings.

Divestitures

During September 2022, we divested our aircraft wheel and brake business, which was part of the Aerospace Systems Segment, for proceeds of $443 million. The resulting pre-tax gain of $374 million is included in other expense (income), net in the Consolidated Statement of Income. The operating results and net assets of the aircraft wheel and brake business were immaterial to the Company's consolidated results of operations and financial position. As of June 30, 2022, the aggregate carrying amount of aircraft wheel and brake assets held for sale was $66 million. These assets primarily included goodwill and inventory and were recorded within prepaid expenses and other assets in the Consolidated Balance Sheet. Goodwill was allocated to the aircraft wheel and brake business using the relative fair value method.

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During March 2023, we divested a French aerospace business, which was part of the Aerospace Systems Segment, for proceeds of $27 million. The resulting pre-tax loss of $12 million is included in other expense (income), net in the Consolidated Statement of Income. The operating results and net assets of the French aerospace business were immaterial to the Company's consolidated results of operations and financial position.

Restricted Cash

At June 30, 2022, prepaid expenses and other in the Consolidated Balance Sheet included a $6.1 billion balance in an escrow account restricted to payments for the Acquisition. These funds were used to finance a portion of the Acquisition, and there was no restricted cash at June 30, 2023.

4. Business Realignment and Acquisition Integration Charges

The Company incurred business realignment and acquisition integration charges in 2023, 2022 and 2021. Business realignment charges in 2023, 2022, and 2021 included severance costs related to actions taken under the Company's simplification initiative aimed at reducing organizational and process complexity as well as plant closures. During 2021, business realignment charges primarily consisted of actions taken to address the impact of COVID-19 on our business. A majority of the business realignment charges were incurred in Europe. We believe the realignment actions will positively impact future results of operations but will not have a material effect on liquidity and sources and uses of capital.

Business realignment charges by business segment are as follows:

Corporate administration — — 1,399

Workforce reductions in connection with such business realignment charges by business segment are as follows:

Corporate administration — — 20

The business realignment charges are presented in the Consolidated Statement of Income as follows:

Loss on disposal of assets — 3 1,226

During 2023, approximately $22 million in payments were made relating to business realignment charges. Remaining payments related to current-year and prior-year business realignment actions of approximately $14 million, a majority of which are expected to be paid by December 31, 2023, are primarily reflected within the other accrued liabilities caption in the Consolidated Balance Sheet. Additional charges may be recognized in future periods related to the business realignment and acquisition integration actions described above, the timing and amount of which are not known at this time.

In addition to the business realignment charges discussed above, in 2022, we also incurred $20 million of expense as a result of our exit of business operations in Russia. These charges primarily consist of write-downs of inventory and other working capital items and $8 million of foreign currency translation expense reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income. Within the business segment information in Note 18, $7 million of expense was recorded in the other expense (income), net, while the remainder of the charge was split evenly between the Aerospace Systems Segment and the Diversified Industrial International businesses.

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We also incurred the following acquisition integration charges related to the Meggitt, Lord and Exotic Metals Forming Company LLC ("Exotic") acquisitions:

In 2023, acquisition integration charges relate to the acquisition of Meggitt. In 2022, charges within the Diversified Industrial and Aerospace Systems Segment relate to the acquisitions of Lord and Meggitt, respectively. Acquisition integration charges in 2021 within the Diversified Industrial and Aerospace Systems Segment relate to the acquisitions of Lord and Exotic, respectively. These charges were primarily included in selling, general and administrative expenses within the Consolidated Statement of Income.

5. Income Taxes

Income before income taxes was derived from the following sources:

Income taxes include the following:

Federal

Foreign

State and local

A reconciliation of the effective income tax rate to the statutory federal rate follows:

Statutory federal income tax rate 21.0 % 21.0 % 21.0 %

State and local income taxes 2.1 (0.2) 1.0

Tax related to international activities 1.2 2.7 3.6

Cash surrender value of life insurance (0.1) 0.5 (0.6)

Foreign derived intangible income deduction (1.1) (3.7) (1.0)

Research tax credit (0.7) (0.8) (0.4)

Share-based compensation (1.0) (1.3) (1.6)

Effective income tax rate 22.2 % 18.5 % 22.3 %

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Deferred income taxes are provided for the temporary differences between the financial reporting basis and the tax basis of assets and liabilities. The differences comprising the net deferred taxes shown on the Consolidated Balance Sheet at June 30 were as follows:

Unrealized currency exchange gains and losses (1,680) 254,334

Change in net deferred tax (liability):

Items of other comprehensive (loss) income (64,342) (98,810)

As of June 30, 2023, we recorded deferred tax assets of $1,084 million resulting from $4,350 million in loss carryforwards. A valuation allowance of $1,059 million related to the loss carryforwards has been established due to the uncertainty of their realization. Of this valuation allowance, $1,030 million relates to non-operating entities whose loss carryforward utilization is considered to be remote. Some of the loss carryforwards can be carried forward indefinitely; others can be carried forward from three to 20 years. In addition, a valuation allowance of $20 million related to other future deductible items has been established due to the uncertainty of their realization.

Although future distributions of foreign earnings to the United States should not be subject to U.S. federal income taxes, other U.S. or foreign taxes may be imposed on such earnings. We have analyzed existing factors and determined we will no longer permanently reinvest certain foreign earnings. On these undistributed foreign earnings of approximately $754 million that are no longer permanently reinvested outside of the United States, we have recorded a deferred tax liability of $13 million. The remaining undistributed foreign earnings of approximately $1,130 million remain permanently reinvested outside the United States at June 30, 2023. Of these undistributed earnings, we have recorded a deferred tax liability of $8 million where certain foreign holding companies are not permanently reinvested in their subsidiaries. It is not practicable to estimate the additional taxes, including applicable foreign withholding taxes, that might be payable on the potential distribution of such permanently reinvested foreign earnings.

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A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits is as follows:

Additions for tax positions related to current year 9,389 7,039 10,145

Reductions for tax positions of prior years (3,063) (140) (1,996)

Reductions for expiration of statute of limitations (11,199) (6,647) (2,252)

The total amount of unrecognized tax benefits that, if recognized, would affect the effective tax rate was $114 million, $91 million and $101 million as of June 30, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The accrued interest related to the gross unrecognized tax benefits, excluded from the amounts above, was $21 million, $18 million, and $18 million as of June 30, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The accrued penalties related to the gross unrecognized tax benefits, excluded from the amounts above, was $2 million as of June 30, 2023. There were no accrued penalties related to the gross unrecognized tax benefits as of June 30, 2022 and 2021.

It is reasonably possible that, within the next 12 months, the amount of gross unrecognized tax benefits could be reduced by up to approximately $40 million as a result of the revaluation of existing uncertain tax positions arising from developments in the examination process or the closure of tax statutes. Any increase in the amount of unrecognized tax benefits within the next 12 months is expected to be insignificant.

We file income tax returns in the United States and in various foreign jurisdictions. In the normal course of business, we are subject to examination by taxing authorities throughout the world. We are open to assessment of our U.S. federal income tax returns by the Internal Revenue Service for years after 2013, and our state and local income tax returns for years after 2016. We are open to assessment for significant foreign jurisdictions for years after 2011.

6. Earnings Per Share

Basic earnings per share are computed using the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the year. Diluted earnings per share are computed using the weighted-average number of common shares and common share equivalents outstanding during the year. Common share equivalents represent the dilutive effect of outstanding equity-based awards. The reconciliation of the numerator and denominator of basic and diluted earnings per share was as follows:

Numerator:

Denominator:

For 2023, 2022 and 2021, 1.0 million, 0.4 million and 0.4 million common shares, respectively, subject to equity-based awards were excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share because the effect of their exercise would be anti-dilutive.

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7. Inventories

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value using the first-in, first-out ("FIFO") method.

The inventories caption in the Consolidated Balance Sheet is comprised of the following components:

8. Goodwill and Intangible Assets

The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill are as follows:

Diversified Industrial Segment Aerospace Systems Segment Total

Goodwill reclassified to held for sale — (48,242) (48,242)

Acquisitions represent goodwill resulting from the preliminary purchase price allocation for the Acquisition during the measurement period. Refer to Note 3 for further discussion.

Divestitures represent goodwill associated with the sale of businesses during 2023 and 2022.

Goodwill reclassified to held for sale, which was allocated using the relative fair value method, relates to the aircraft wheel and brake business. Refer to Note 3 for further discussion.

Goodwill is tested for impairment at the reporting unit level annually and between annual tests whenever events or circumstances indicate that the carrying value of a reporting unit may exceed its fair value. Our annual impairment tests performed in 2023, 2022 and 2021 resulted in no impairment loss being recognized.

Intangible assets are amortized on a straight-line method over their legal or estimated useful lives. The gross carrying value and accumulated amortization for each major category of intangible asset at June 30 are as follows:

Total intangible asset amortization expense in 2023, 2022 and 2021 was $501 million, $314 million and $325 million, respectively. The estimated intangible asset amortization expense for the five years ending June 30, 2024 through 2028 is $550 million, $528 million, $523 million, $518 million and $508 million, respectively.

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Intangible assets are evaluated for impairment whenever events or circumstances indicate that the undiscounted net cash flows to be generated by their use over their expected useful lives and eventual disposition may be less than their net carrying value. No material intangible asset impairments occurred in 2023, 2022 or 2021.

9. Financing Arrangements

The Company has a line of credit totaling $3.0 billion through a multi-currency revolving credit agreement with a group of banks, of which $1.2 billion was available for borrowing as of June 30, 2023. During 2023, the Company amended its credit agreement by extending the expiration to June 2028. The Company has the right to request a one-year extension of the expiration date on an annual basis, which request may result in changes to the current terms and conditions of the credit agreement. Advances from the credit agreement can be used for general corporate purposes, including acquisitions, and for the refinancing of existing indebtedness. The credit agreement supports our commercial paper program, and issuances of commercial paper reduce the amount of credit available under the agreement. The credit agreement requires the payment of an annual facility fee, the amount of which may increase in the event our credit ratings are lowered. Although a lowering of our credit ratings would likely increase the cost of future debt, it would not limit our ability to use the credit agreement nor would it accelerate the repayment of any outstanding borrowings.

The Company is currently authorized to sell up to $3.0 billion of short-term commercial paper notes. There were $1.8 billion commercial paper notes outstanding at June 30, 2023 and $1.4 billion were outstanding at June 30, 2022. The Company had no outstanding borrowings from foreign banks at June 30, 2023 and 2022. The weighted-average interest rate on notes payable outstanding at June 30, 2023 and 2022 was 5.6 percent and 0.7 percent, respectively.

In the ordinary course of business, some of our locations may enter into financial guarantees through financial institutions which enable customers to be reimbursed in the event of nonperformance by the Company.

The Company's credit agreements and indentures governing certain debt agreements contain various covenants, the violation of which would limit or preclude the use of the applicable agreements for future borrowings, or might accelerate the maturity of the related outstanding borrowings covered by the applicable agreements. Based on our rating level at June 30, 2023, the most restrictive financial covenant provides that the ratio of debt to debt-shareholders' equity cannot exceed 0.65 to 1.0. As of June 30, 2023, our debt to debt-shareholders' equity ratio was 0.55 to 1.0. We are in compliance with all covenants.

10. Debt

Domestic:

Foreign:

In connection with the Acquisition, the Company entered into a Bridge Credit Agreement on August 2, 2021 (the "Bridge Credit Agreement"). Under the Bridge Credit Agreement, lenders committed to provide senior, unsecured financing in the aggregate principal amount of £6.5 billion at August 2, 2021. In July 2022, after consideration of the escrow balance and funds available under the delayed-draw term loan facility (the “Term Loan Facility”), we reduced the aggregate committed principal amount of the Bridge Credit Agreement to zero, and the Bridge Credit Agreement was terminated.

In September 2022, the Company fully drew against the $2.0 billion delayed-draw Term Loan Facility, which will mature in its entirety in September 2025. We used the proceeds of the Term Loan Facility to finance a portion of the Acquisition. At June 30, 2023, the Term Loan Facility had an interest rate of Secured Overnight Financing Rate plus 122.5 bps. Interest payments are made at the interest reset dates, which are either one, three, or six months at the discretion of the Company.

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Additionally, the provisions of the Term Loan Facility allow for prepayments at the Company's discretion. During 2023, we made principal payments totaling $1.1 billion related to the Term Loan Facility.

Principal amounts of long-term debt payable in the five years ending June 30, 2024 through 2028 are $1,980 million, $1,268 million, $879 million, $704 million and $1,204 million, respectively. The principal amounts of long-term debt payable exclude the amortization of debt issuance costs.

11. Leases

We primarily enter into lease agreements for office space, distribution centers, certain manufacturing facilities and equipment. Certain leases contain options that provide us with the ability to extend the lease term. Such options are included in the lease term when it is reasonably certain that the option will be exercised. When accounting for leases, we combine payments for leased assets, related services and other components of a lease. Payments within certain lease agreements are adjusted periodically for changes in an index or rate. In addition, leases with an initial term of 12 months or less are not recorded on the Consolidated Balance Sheet.

The discount rate implicit within our leases is generally not determinable, and therefore we determine the discount rate based on our incremental borrowing rate. The incremental borrowing rate for our leases is determined based on lease term and the currency in which lease payments are made.

The components of lease expense are as follows:

Finance lease cost:

Supplemental cash flow information related to leases is as follows:

Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:

Operating cash outflows - interest payments on finance leases 4,383 390 455

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Supplemental balance sheet information related to operating leases is as follows:

Operating Leases

Finance Leases

Long-term debt (included within Other liabilities) 100,889 8,575

Weighted-average remaining lease term

Operating leases 6.9 years 5.6 years

Finance leases 20.8 years 15.7 years

Weighted-average discount rate

Operating leases 3.9 % 1.6 %

Finance leases 5.2 % 3.3 %

Maturities of lease liabilities at June 30, 2023 are as follows:

Operating Leases Finance Leases

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12. Retirement Benefits

Pensions - The Company has noncontributory defined benefit pension plans covering eligible employees, including certain employees in foreign countries. Our largest plans are generally closed to new participants. Plans for most salaried employees provide pay-related benefits based on years of service. Plans for hourly employees generally provide benefits based on flat-dollar amounts and years of service. We also have arrangements for certain key employees, which provide for supplemental retirement benefits. In general, the Company's policy is to fund these plans based on legal requirements, tax considerations, local practices and investment opportunities. We also sponsor defined contribution plans and participate in government-sponsored programs in certain foreign countries.

A summary of the Company's defined benefit pension plans follows:

Benefit cost

Amortization of transition obligation — 8 18

One-time charges related to divestitures (2,480) — —

Components of net pension benefit cost, other than service cost, are included in other expense (income), net in the Consolidated Statement of Income.

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Change in benefit obligation

Divestiture (1,779) —

Change in plan assets

Amounts recognized on the Consolidated Balance Sheet

Pensions and other postretirement benefits (468,422) (681,491)

Amounts recognized in Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss)

The presentation of the amounts recognized on the Consolidated Balance Sheet and in accumulated other comprehensive (loss) is on a debit (credit) basis and excludes the effect of income taxes.

As of the date of the Acquisition, the Meggitt plans were remeasured at fair value using accounting policies consistent with Parker plans.

At June 30, 2023, the benefit obligation increased primarily due to plans acquired with the Acquisition partially offset by increased discount rates. At June 30, 2022, the benefit obligation decreased primarily due to significantly higher discount rates.

The plans acquired with the Acquisition are the primary contributing factor for the increase in plan assets' fair value during 2023. In 2022, investment (losses) were the largest driver for the decrease in plan assets.

The accumulated benefit obligation for all defined benefit plans was $5.7 billion and $4.8 billion at June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

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Information for pension plans with accumulated benefit obligations in excess of plan assets:

Information for pension plans with projected benefit obligations in excess of plan assets:

We expect to make cash contributions of approximately $171 million to our defined benefit pension plans in 2024, the majority of which relates to our non-U.S. plans. Estimated future benefit payments in the five years ending June 30, 2024 through 2028 are $413 million, $413 million, $380 million, $387 million and $388 million, respectively, and $2.0 billion in the aggregate for the five years ending June 30, 2029 through June 30, 2033.

The assumptions used to measure net periodic benefit cost for the Company's significant defined benefit plans are:

U.S. defined benefit plan

Average increase in compensation 3.35 % 3.05 % 2.98 %

Expected return on plan assets 6.50 % 6.50 % 6.75 %

Non-U.S. defined benefit plans

The assumptions used to measure the benefit obligation for the Company's significant defined benefit plans are:

U.S. defined benefit plan

Average increase in compensation 3.81 % 3.81 %

Non-U.S. defined benefit plans

The discount rate assumption is based on current rates of high-quality, long-term corporate bonds over the same estimated time period that benefit payments will be required to be made. The expected return on plan assets assumption is based on the weighted-average expected return of the various asset classes in the plans' portfolio. The asset class return is developed using historical asset return performance as well as current market conditions such as inflation, interest rates and equity market performance.

The weighted-average allocation of the majority of the assets related to defined benefit plans is as follows:

Equity securities 30 % 31 %

Debt securities 45 % 43 %

Other investments 25 % 26 %

PH US Equity

PH · 10-K · period ended 2023-06-30

ITEM 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

ITEM 7A.Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.

ITEM 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.

PH US Equity☆

PH · 10-K · period ended 2023-06-30

ITEM 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

ITEM 7A.Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.

ITEM 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.

PH US Equity