Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.
The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this report. Pebblebrook Hotel Trust is a Maryland real estate investment trust that conducts its operations so as to qualify as a REIT under the Code. Substantially all of the operations are conducted through Pebblebrook Hotel, L.P. (our "Operating Partnership"), a Delaware limited partnership of which Pebblebrook Hotel Trust is the sole general partner. In this report, we use the terms "the Company", "we" or "our", to refer to Pebblebrook Hotel Trust and its subsidiaries, unless the context indicates otherwise.
Overview
In March 2020, the World Health Organization declared the novel coronavirus ("COVID-19") to be a global pandemic and the virus has continued to spread throughout the United States and the world. As a result of this pandemic and subsequent government mandates, health official recommendations, corporate travel policy changes and individual responses, hotel demand was dramatically reduced. Following government mandates and health official recommendations, we temporarily suspended operations at 47 of our hotels and resorts and dramatically reduced staffing and expenses at the hotels that remained operational. Throughout the summer months, hotel industry demand improved from its historical lows seen in the second quarter, particularly as leisure customers sought to travel to drive-to hotels and resorts that could offer more space and outdoor experiences. Our monthly revenue increased slowly through October as we reopened several of our hotels and resorts between May and October. November and December had declining revenue at most of our opened hotels, except our South Florida properties, as leisure demand declined and business travel did not return in a meaningful manner. Our South Florida properties experienced slightly increasing revenue late in the year which is consistent with the seasonal pattern for these warm weather resort properties. We anticipate leisure travel will return as vaccine distribution becomes more widely available, followed by business travel. We still anticipate group demand will be the slowest to return until there is more certainty around the health and immunity solution for the country. As of December 31, 2020, 37 of our hotels and resorts were open with operations of the remaining 16 hotels still temporarily suspended. We anticipate reopening additional hotels as demand returns and we determine that we would lose less money with the hotels open versus remaining closed.
The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant negative impact on our operations and financial results to date and we expect that it will continue to have a significant negative impact on our results of operations, financial position and cash flow in 2021. We cannot estimate when travel demand will recover. As a result of uncertainty at the beginning of the pandemic, in March 2020, we fully drew down on our $650.0 million unsecured revolving credit facility, reduced the quarterly cash dividend on our common shares to one penny per share, reduced planned capital expenditures, reduced the compensation of our executive officers, trustees and employees, and, working closely with our hotel operating partners, significantly reduced our hotels' operating expenses. On June 29, 2020, we amended the agreements governing our existing credit facilities, term loan facilities and senior notes. Among other things, the amendments extended the maturity of a significant portion of our term loan due in November 2021 to November 2022, waived existing financial covenants through the end of the first quarter of 2021 and provided substantially less restrictive financial covenants through the end of the second quarter of 2022. In addition, we repaid approximately $250.0 million on our unsecured revolving credit facility. In December 2020, we issued $500.0 million of convertible notes and used the proceeds to repay an additional $250.0 million of our unsecured revolving credit facility and $200.0 million of our unsecured term loans. As of December 31, 2020, we had $40.0 million of outstanding borrowings $6.8 million of outstanding letters of credit and borrowing capacity of $603.2 million remaining on our senior unsecured credit facility.
During the year ended December 31, 2020, other significant transactions included:
•Sold three hotel properties for an aggregate sales price of $387.0 million and recognized a gain of $117.4 million;
•Recognized an impairment loss of $74.6 million related to two hotels and the retail component of a hotel; and
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•Cancelled LTIP Class B units and time-based service condition awards granted in February 2020 and incurred full compensation expense of $16.0 million.
In February 2021, we issued an additional $250.0 million of convertible notes under the same terms as the December 2020 offering. The notes were sold at a 5.5% premium to par. In connection with the pricing of the Notes, we entered into privately negotiated capped call transactions with certain of the underwriters, their respective affiliates and/or other counterparties. We used the net proceeds to reduce amounts outstanding under our senior unsecured revolving credit facility, unsecured term loans, and for general corporate purposes.
In February 2021, we further amended the agreements governing our existing credit facilities, term loan facilities and senior notes to, among other items, increase the interest rate spread and waive financial covenants through the end of the first quarter of 2022 except for the minimum fixed charge coverage and minimum unsecured interest coverage ratio, which were extended through December 31, 2021. Refer to "Note 5. Debt" for additional information regarding these amendments and convertible debt. Based on these amendments and expense and cash burn rate reductions, we believe that we will have sufficient liquidity to meet our obligations for the next twelve months.
While we do not operate our hotel properties, both our asset management team and our executive management team monitor and work cooperatively with our hotel managers by advising and making recommendations in all aspects of our hotels’ operations, including property positioning and repositioning, revenue and expense management, operations analysis, physical design, renovation and capital improvements, guest experience and overall strategic direction. Through these efforts, we seek to improve property efficiencies, lower costs, maximize revenues and enhance property operating margins, which we expect will enhance returns to our shareholders.
Key Indicators of Financial Condition and Operating Performance
We measure hotel results of operations and the operating performance of our business by evaluating financial and non-financial metrics such as room revenue per available room ("RevPAR"); total revenue per available room ("Total RevPAR"); average daily rate ("ADR"); occupancy rate ("Occupancy"); funds from operations ("FFO"); earnings before interest, income taxes, depreciation and amortization ("EBITDA"); and EBITDA for real estate ("EBITDAre"). We evaluate individual hotel and company-wide performance with comparisons to budgets, prior periods and competing properties. ADR, occupancy and RevPAR may be impacted by macroeconomic factors as well as regional and local economies and events. See "Non-GAAP Financial Matters" for further discussion of FFO, EBITDA and EBIDTAre.
Hotel Operating Statistics
The following table represents the key same-property hotel operating statistics for our hotels for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019.
For the year ended December 31,
Same-Property Occupancy 25.0 % 82.3 %
While the operations of many of our hotels were temporarily suspended beginning in March 2020, the above schedule of hotel results for the years ended December 31 includes information from all hotels owned as of December 31, 2020, except for Hotel Zena Washington DC (formerly Donovan Hotel) for the first, second and fourth quarters in both 2020 and 2019, because it was closed for renovations in the fourth quarter of 2019 and the first and second quarters of 2020.
Results of Operations
This section includes comparisons of certain 2020 financial information to the same information for 2019. Year-to-year comparisons of the 2019 financial information to the same information for 2018 are contained in Item 7 of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019 filed with the SEC on February 20, 2020.
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At December 31, 2020 and 2019, we had 53 and 56 wholly owned properties and leasehold interests, respectively. All properties owned during these periods have been included in our results of operations during the respective periods since their dates of acquisition or through the dates of disposition. Based on when a property was acquired or disposed, operating results for certain properties are not comparable. The properties listed below are hereinafter referred to as "non-comparable properties" for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019. All other properties are considered and referred to as "comparable properties":
Property Location Disposition Date
The Liaison Capitol Hill Washington, D.C. February 14, 2019
Hotel Palomar Washington DC Washington, D.C. February 22, 2019
Onyx Hotel Boston, MA May 29, 2019
Hotel Amarano Burbank Burbank, CA July 16, 2019
Rouge Hotel Washington, D.C. September 12, 2019
Hotel Madera Washington, D.C. September 26, 2019
Topaz Hotel Washington, D.C. November 22, 2019
InterContinental Buckhead Atlanta Buckhead, GA March 6, 2020
Sofitel Washington DC Lafayette Square Washington, D.C. March 6, 2020
Union Station Hotel Nashville, Autograph Collection Nashville, TN July 29, 2020
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Comparison of the year ended December 31, 2020 to the year ended December 31, 2019
Revenues — Total revenues decreased by $1,169.3 million, of which $105.3 million was due to the non-comparable properties and the remaining decline was due to the decline in demand and suspension of operations resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic at most of our hotels during the year. As of December 31, 2020, 37 hotels and resorts were open and operations at 16 hotels have been suspended. Both occupancy and average daily rates at the opened hotels continue to be significantly below historical averages.
Hotel operating expenses — Total hotel operating expenses decreased by $594.7 million, of which $63.8 million was due to the non-comparable properties and the remaining decline was due to the significant cost mitigation efforts implemented at the hotels to respond to the significant loss of demand and suspension of operations as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Depreciation and amortization — Depreciation and amortization expense decreased by $10.3 million primarily due to a decrease in assets resulting from the sales of hotels.
Real estate taxes, personal property taxes, property insurance and ground rent — Real estate taxes, personal property taxes, property insurance and ground rent decreased by $10.7 million due to a decline in ground rent on ground leases whose rent is based on a percentage of revenues and a decline in real estate taxes of approximately $5.0 million from properties that were sold. These declines were offset by an increase in real estate taxes primarily at properties that have not been reassessed for the current level of activity or are under appeal.
General and administrative — General and administrative expenses consist of employee compensation costs, legal and professional fees, insurance and other expenses. General and administrative expenses increased by $11.1 million primarily due to the non-cash expense of $16.0 million in share-based compensation costs relating to the cancellation of the retention LTIP unit awards and time-based service condition awards and an increase in legal fees, offset by the cost cutting program put in place in response to COVID-19 which reduced primarily employee and trustee compensation and audit fees.
Transaction costs — Transaction costs increased by $1.9 milliondue to additional transfer taxes paid in connection with the LaSalle merger.
Impairment loss — We recognized an impairment loss of $74.6 million related to two hotels and the retail component of a hotel. There was no comparable transaction in 2019.
(Gain) loss on sale of hotel properties — (Gain) loss on sale of hotel properties increased from a $2.8 million gain to a $117.4 million gain. In 2019, we recognized a gain of $2.8 million from the sale of seven hotel properties. In 2020, we recognized a gain of $117.4 million from the sale of three hotel properties.
(Gain) loss and other operating expenses — (Gain) loss and other operating expenses decreased by $4.5 million due primarily to the $5.9 million in hotel management transition expense incurred in 2019.
Interest expense — Interest expense deceased by $4.4 million primarily as a result of a decrease in interest rates in 2020.
Other — Other increased by $0.5 million due to interest income from higher cash balances from the drawdown on the unsecured revolving credit facility to enhance liquidity.
Income tax (expense) benefit — Income tax (expense) benefit changed from an expense of $5.2 million to a benefit of $3.7 million due primarily to the taxable losses of our TRS as a result of suspended or decreased operations at our hotels compared to the prior year.
Non-controlling interests — Non-controlling interests represent the allocation of income or loss of our Operating Partnership to the common units held by the LTIP and OP unit holders.
Non-GAAP Financial Measures
Non-GAAP financial measures are measures of our historical or future financial performance that are different from measures calculated and presented in accordance with U.S. GAAP. We report FFO, EBITDA and EBITDAre, which are non-GAAP financial measures that we believe are useful to investors as key measures of our operating performance.
We calculate FFO in accordance with standards established by Nareit, formerly known as the National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts, which defines FFO as net income (calculated in accordance with U.S. GAAP), excluding real estate related depreciation and amortization, gains (losses) from sales of real estate, impairments of real estate assets (including impairment of real estate related joint ventures), the cumulative effect of changes in accounting principles and adjustments for unconsolidated partnerships and joint ventures. Historical cost accounting for real estate assets implicitly assumes that the value of real estate assets diminishes predictably over time. Since real estate values instead have historically risen or fallen with market conditions, most industry investors consider presentations of operating results for real estate companies that use historical cost accounting to be insufficient by themselves. By excluding the effect of real estate related depreciation and amortization including our share of the joint venture depreciation and amortization, gains (losses) from sales of real estate and impairments of real estate assets (including impairment of real estate related joint ventures), all of which are based on historical
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cost accounting and which may be of lesser significance in evaluating current performance, we believe that FFO provides investors a useful financial measure to evaluate our operating performance.
The following table reconciles net income (loss) to FFO and FFO available to common share and unit holders for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018 (in thousands):
For the year ended December 31,
Adjustments:
Impairment loss 74,556 — —
EBITDA is defined as earnings before interest, income taxes, depreciation and amortization. The white paper issued by Nareit entitled “Earnings Before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation and Amortization for Real Estate” defines EBITDAre as net income or loss (computed in accordance with U.S. GAAP), excluding interest expense, income tax, depreciation and amortization, gains or losses on the disposition of depreciated property (including gains or losses on change of control), impairment write-downs of depreciated property and of investments in unconsolidated affiliates caused by a decrease in value of depreciated property in the affiliate, and after comparable adjustments for our portion of these items related to unconsolidated affiliates. We believe that EBITDA and EBITDAre provide investors useful financial measures to evaluate our operating performance, excluding the impact of our capital structure (primarily interest expense) and our asset base (primarily depreciation and amortization).
The following table reconciles net income (loss) to EBITDA and EBITDAre for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018 (in thousands):
For the year ended December 31,
Adjustments:
Impairment loss 74,556 — —
FFO, EBITDA and EBITDAre do not represent cash generated from operating activities as determined by U.S. GAAP and should not be considered as alternatives to U.S. GAAP net income (loss), as indications of our financial performance, or to U.S. GAAP cash flow from operating activities, as measures of liquidity. In addition, FFO, EBITDA and EBITDAre are not indicative of funds available to fund cash needs, including the ability to make cash distributions.
Critical Accounting Policies
We consider these policies critical because they require estimates about matters that are inherently uncertain, involve various assumptions and require significant management judgment, and because they are important for understanding and evaluating our reported financial results. These judgments affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and our disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the dates of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting periods. Applying different estimates or assumptions may result in materially different amounts reported in our financial statements.
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Hotel Properties
Investment in Hotel Properties
Estimation and judgment are required to determine the fair values of our acquired hotel properties. Upon acquiring a business or hotel property, we measure and recognize the fair value of the acquired land, land improvements, building, furniture, fixtures and equipment, identifiable intangible assets or liabilities, other assets and assumed liabilities. Identifiable intangible assets or liabilities typically arise from contractual arrangements assumed in connection with the transaction, including terms that are above or below market compared to an estimated market agreement at the acquisition date. We determine the acquisition-date fair values of all assets and assumed liabilities using a combination of the market, cost and income approaches. These valuation methodologies are based on significant Level 2 and Level 3 inputs in the fair value hierarchy, such as estimates of future income growth, capitalization rates, discount rates, capital expenditures and cash flow projections, including hotel revenues and net operating income, at the respective hotel properties. Estimates of future cash flows are based on a number of factors including historical operating results, known and anticipated trends, and market and economic conditions. Acquisition costs related to business combinations are expensed as incurred.
Hotel renovations and/or replacements of assets that improve or extend the life of the asset are capitalized and depreciated over their estimated useful lives. Furniture, fixtures and equipment under finance leases are carried at the present value of the minimum lease payments. Repair and maintenance costs are expensed as incurred.
Impairment
We review our investments in hotel properties for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of the hotel properties may not be recoverable. Events or circumstances that may cause a review include, but are not limited to, when a hotel property experiences a current or projected loss from operations, when it becomes more likely than not that a hotel property will be sold before the end of its useful life, adverse changes in the demand for lodging at the properties due to declining national or local economic conditions and/or new hotel construction in markets where the hotels are located. When such conditions exist, we perform an analysis to determine if the estimated undiscounted future cash flows from operations and the proceeds from the ultimate disposition of a hotel exceed its carrying value. If the estimated undiscounted future cash flows are less than the carrying amount of the asset, an adjustment to reduce the carrying amount to the related hotel's estimated fair market value is recorded and an impairment loss recognized. In the evaluation of impairment of our hotel properties, we make many assumptions and estimates including projected cash flows both from operations and eventual disposition, expected useful life and holding period, future required capital expenditures, and fair values, including consideration of capitalization rates, discount rates, and comparable selling prices. We will adjust our assumptions with respect to the remaining useful life of the hotel property when circumstances change, such as an expiring ground lease or it is more likely than not that the hotel property will be sold prior to its previously expected useful life.
New Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Implemented
See Note 2, “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies,” to our consolidated financial statements for additional information relating to recently issued accounting pronouncements.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
In March 2020, the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 to be a global pandemic and the virus has continued to spread throughout the United States and the world. As a result of this pandemic and subsequent government mandates, health official recommendations corporate travel policy changes and individual responses, hotel demand was dramatically reduced. As of December 31, 2020, 37 of our hotels and resorts were open with operations of the remaining 16 hotels still temporarily suspended. This has had a material impact on the Company's liquidity. Refer to the Overview in Item 7., "Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations," for additional information.
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Our debt consisted of the following as of December 31, 2020 and 2019 (dollars in thousands):
Balance Outstanding as of
Interest Rate Maturity Date December 31, 2020 December 31, 2019
Revolving credit facilities
PHL unsecured credit facility Floating (2) January 2022 — —
Unsecured term loans
Sixth Term Loan:
Deferred financing costs, net (8,455) (10,343)
Convertible senior notes
Deferred financing costs, net (12,568) —
Total convertible senior notes $ 374,333 $ —
Senior unsecured notes
Deferred financing costs, net (407) (437)
__________
(1) Borrowings bear interest at floating rates equal to, at our option, either (i) LIBOR plus an applicable margin or (ii) an Adjusted Base Rate (as defined in the applicable credit agreement) plus an applicable margin.
(2) Borrowings bear interest at floating rates equal to, at our option, either (i) LIBOR plus an applicable margin or (ii) a Eurocurrency Rate (as defined in the applicable credit agreement) plus an applicable margin.
(3) Borrowings under the term loan facilities bear interest at floating rates equal to, at our option, either (i) LIBOR plus an applicable margin or (ii) a Base Rate plus an applicable margin. As of December 31, 2020, approximately $1.4 billion of the borrowings under the term loan facilities bore an effective weighted-average fixed interest rate of 4.19%, after taking into account interest rate swap agreements, and approximately $345.0 million bore a weighted-average floating interest rate of 2.46%. As of December 31, 2019, approximately $1.6 billion of the borrowings under the term loan facilities bore a weighted-average fixed interest rate of 3.43%, after taking into account interest rate swap agreements, and approximately $345.0 million bore a weighted-average floating interest rate of 3.32%.
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(4) In February 2021, we repaid $12.8 million of the Sixth Term Loan Tranche 2021 and extended the majority of the remaining balance to November 2022.
Unsecured Revolving Credit Facilities
We are party to a $650.0 million senior unsecured revolving credit facility maturing in January 2022, with options to extend the maturity date to January 2023, pursuant to certain terms and conditions and payment of an extension fee. In March 2020, as part of our plans to enhance liquidity due to the actual and anticipated impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, we fully drew down on this revolving credit facility. As of December 31, 2020, we had $40.0 million of outstanding borrowings and borrowing capacity of $603.2 million remaining on our senior unsecured revolving credit facility. Interest is paid on the periodic advances under the senior unsecured revolving credit facility at varying rates, based upon either LIBOR or the alternate base rate, plus an additional margin amount, or spread. The interest rate depends upon our leverage ratio pursuant to the provisions of the credit facility agreement. As a result of the amendments described in "Note 5. Debt," the spread on the borrowings is fixed at 2.25% during the waiver period. We have the ability to increase the aggregate borrowing capacity of our senior unsecured revolving credit facility to up to $1.3 billion, subject to lender approval. We intend to repay indebtedness incurred under the senior unsecured revolving credit facility from time to time out of cash flows from operations and, as market conditions permit, from the net proceeds of issuances of additional equity and debt securities and from the net proceeds of dispositions of hotel properties.
We also have a $25.0 million unsecured revolving credit facility (the "PHL Credit Facility") to be used for PHL's working capital and general corporate purposes. This credit facility has substantially similar terms as our senior unsecured revolving credit facility and matures in January 2022. Borrowings under the PHL Credit Facility bear interest at LIBOR plus an applicable margin, depending on our leverage ratio. As a result of the amendments described in "Note 5. Debt," the spread on the borrowings is fixed at 2.25% during the waiver period. As of December 31, 2020, we had no borrowings under the PHL Credit Facility.
Unsecured Term Loan Facilities
We are party to senior unsecured term loans with different maturities. Each unsecured term loan bears interest at a variable rate of a benchmark interest rate plus an applicable margin, depending on our leverage ratio. We entered into interest rate swap agreements to fix the LIBOR rate on a portion of these unsecured term loans. Information about our senior unsecured term loans is found in the table above and "Note 5. Debt" to the accompanying consolidated financial statements.
Convertible Senior Notes
In December 2020, the Company issued $500.0 million aggregate principal amount of 1.75% Convertible Senior Notes maturing in December 2026 (the "Convertible Notes"). The Convertible Notes are governed by an indenture (the “Base Indenture”) between the Company and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as trustee. The net proceeds from the offering of the Notes were approximately $487.3 million after deducting the underwriting fees and other expenses paid by the Company. Interest is payable semi-annually in arrears on June 15th and December 15th of each year, beginning on June 15, 2021. The Company recorded coupon interest expense of $0.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2020.
The Company separated the Convertible Notes into liability and equity components. The initial carrying amount of the liability component was $386.1 million and was calculated using a discount rate of 6.25%. The discount rate was based on the terms of debt instruments that were similar to the Convertible Notes without an equity component. The carrying amount of the equity component representing the conversion option was determined by deducting the fair value of the liability component from the principal amount of the Convertible Notes, or $113.9 million. The amount recorded in equity is not subject to remeasurement or amortization. The $113.9 million also represents the initial discount recorded on the Convertible Notes. The discount is accreted to interest expense using the effective interest rate method over the contractual term of the Convertible Notes. The Company recorded interest expense related to the accretion of the discount and the amortization of the debt issuance costs of $0.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2020.
Prior to June 15, 2026, the Convertible Notes will be convertible only upon certain circumstances. On and after June 15, 2026, holders may convert any of their Convertible Notes into the Company’s common shares, at the applicable conversion rate at any time at their election two days prior to the maturity date. The initial conversion rate is 39.2549 common shares per $1,000 principal amount of Convertible Notes, which represents an initial conversion price of approximately $25.47 per share. The conversion rate is subject to adjustment in certain circumstances.
The Company may redeem for cash all or a portion of the Convertible Notes, at its option, on or after December 20, 2023 upon certain circumstances. The redemption price will be equal to 100% of the principal amount of the Convertible Notes to be redeemed, plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the redemption date. If certain make-whole fundamental changes occur, the conversion rate for the Convertible Notes may be increased.
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In connection with the Convertible Notes, the Company entered into privately negotiated capped call transactions (the “Capped Call Transactions”) with certain of the underwriters of the offering of the Convertible Notes or their respective affiliates and other financial institutions (the “Capped Call Counterparties”). The Capped Call Transactions initially cover, subject to anti-dilution adjustments substantially similar to those applicable to the Convertible Notes, the number of common shares underlying the Convertible Notes. The Capped Call Transactions are expected generally to reduce the potential dilution to holders of common shares upon conversion of the Convertible Notes and/or offset the potential cash payments that the Company could be required to make in excess of the principal amount of any converted Convertible Notes upon conversion thereof, with such reduction and/or offset subject to a cap. The upper strike price of the Capped Call Transactions is $33.0225 per share. The cost of the Capped Call Transactions was $38.3 million and was recorded within additional paid-in capital.
Senior Unsecured Notes
We have two unsecured notes outstanding, $60.0 million of senior unsecured notes bearing a fixed interest rate of 4.70% per annum and maturing in December 2023 (the "Series A Notes") and $40.0 million of senior unsecured notes bearing a fixed interest rate of 4.93% per annum and maturing in December 2025 (the "Series B Notes"). The terms of the Series A Notes and the Series B Notes are substantially similar to those of our senior unsecured revolving credit facility, as amended and restated.
Issuance of Shares of Beneficial Interest
On February 22, 2016, we announced that our board of trustees authorized a share repurchase program of up to $150.0 million of the Company's outstanding common shares. Under this program, we may repurchase common shares from time to time in transactions on the open market or by private agreement. We may suspend or discontinue this program at any time. No common shares were repurchased by the Company under the share repurchase program during the year ended December 31, 2020. As of December 31, 2020, $56.6 million of common shares remained available for repurchase under this program.
On July 27, 2017, we announced that our board of trustees authorized a new share repurchase program of up to $100.0 million of the Company's outstanding common shares. Under this program, we may repurchase common shares from time to time in transactions on the open market or by private agreement. We may suspend or discontinue this program at any time. This $100.0 million share repurchase program will commence upon the completion of our $150.0 million share repurchase program.
Sources and Uses of Cash
Our principal sources of cash are cash from operations, borrowings under mortgage financings and other debt, draws on our credit facilities, proceeds from offerings of our equity securities, debt securities and hotel property sales. Our principal uses of cash are asset acquisitions, debt service, capital investments, operating costs, corporate expenses and dividends.
Cash (Used in) and Provided by Operations. Our cash used in operating activities was $201.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2020. Our cash from operations includes the operating activities of the 53 hotels we owned as of December 31, 2020, offset by corporate expenses. The negative cash flow from operations during the year and decline from the prior year is due to the temporary suspension and reduced operations at our hotels as a result of COVID-19. Our cash provided by operating activities was $395.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2019. Our cash from operations includes the operating activities of the 56 hotels we owned as of December 31, 2019, offset by corporate expenses.
Cash Provided by Investing Activities. Our cash provided by investing activities was $250.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2020. During the year ended December 31, 2020, we invested $125.0 million in improvements to our hotel properties and received $375.1 million from sales of hotel properties. Our cash provided by investing activities was $300.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2019. During the year ended December 31, 2019, we invested $169.6 million in improvements to our hotel properties and received $470.4 million from sales of hotel properties.
Cash Provided by and (Used in) Financing Activities. Our cash provided by financing activities was $31.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2020. During the year ended December 31, 2020, we borrowed $760.1 million under the revolving credit facilities, repaid $885.1 million under the revolving credit facilities, borrowed $513.0 million in other debt, repaid $213.0 million in other debt, purchased $38.3 million in Capped Call Transactions, repurchased $1.3 million of common shares for tax withholding purposes in connection with vested share-based equity awards, paid $86.5 million in distributions, paid $16.4 million in financing fees and paid $1.4 million in other transactions. For the year ended December 31, 2019, cash used in financing activities was $746.1 million. During the year ended December 31, 2019, we borrowed $414.8 million under the revolving credit facilities, repaid $419.8 million under the revolving credit facilities, repaid $518.2 million of debt, repurchased $4.0 million of common shares for tax withholding purposes in connection with vested share-based equity awards, paid $217.4 million in distributions and paid $1.5 million in other transactions.
Capital Investments
We maintain and intend to continue maintaining all of our hotels, including each hotel that we acquire in the future, in good repair and condition and in conformity with applicable laws and regulations and when applicable, in accordance with the
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franchisor’s standards and the agreed-upon requirements in our management agreements. Routine capital investments will be administered by the hotel management companies. However, we maintain approval rights over the capital investments as part of the annual budget process and as otherwise required from time to time.
From time to time, certain of our hotel properties may undergo renovations as a result of our decision to upgrade portions of the hotels, such as guestrooms, meeting space and restaurants, in order to better compete with other hotels in our markets. In addition, after we acquire a hotel property, we are often required by the franchisor or brand manager, if there is one, to complete a property improvement plan (“PIP”) in order to bring the hotel property up to the franchisor’s or brand’s standards. Generally, we expect to fund renovations and improvements with available cash, restricted cash, borrowings under our credit facility, or proceeds from new debt or equity offerings.
For the year ended December 31, 2020, we invested $125.0 million in capital investments to reposition and improve our properties. Since the beginning of 2020, we have completed the transformational redevelopments of several hotels and resorts, including Hotel Zena Washington DC (formerly Donovan Hotel), Embassy Suites San Diego Bay - Downtown, The Westin San Diego Gaslamp Quarter, Le Parc Suite Hotel, San Diego Mission Bay Resort (formerly Hilton San Diego Mission Bay Resort), Viceroy Santa Monica Hotel, Chaminade Resort & Spa, Viceroy Washington DC (formerly Mason & Rook Hotel) and The Marker Key West Harbor Resort.
Depending on market conditions, we expect total capital investments to be approximately $60.0 million to $70.0 million in 2021. However, depending on the pace of the recovery, we may decide to proceed with previously planned but deferred renovations at our properties.
Contractual Obligations and Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
The table below summarizes our contractual obligations as of December 31, 2020 and the effect such obligations are expected to have on our liquidity and cash flow in future periods (in thousands):
Payments due by period
Total Lessthan 1year 1 to 3years 3 to 5years Morethan 5years
____________________
(1)Amounts include principal and interest.
(2)Amounts include principal and interest. Borrowings under the term loan facilities bear interest at floating rates equal to, at our option, either (i) LIBOR plus an applicable margin or (ii) a Base Rate plus an applicable margin.
(3)Amounts include principal and interest under the two revolving credit facilities. Interest expense is calculated based on the weighted-average interest rate for all outstanding credit facility borrowings as of December 31, 2020. It is assumed that the outstanding borrowings will be repaid upon maturity with fixed interest-only payments until then.
(4)Our leases may require minimum fixed rent payments, percentage rent payments based on a percentage of revenues in excess of certain thresholds or rent payments equal to the greater of a minimum fixed rent or percentage rent. Minimum fixed rent may be adjusted annually by increases in consumer price index ("CPI") and may be subject to minimum and maximum increases. The table above reflects only minimum fixed rent for all periods presented and does not include assumptions for CPI adjustments.
(5)Represents refundable initiation membership deposits from club members at LaPlaya Beach Resort and Club.
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(6)Amounts represent purchase orders and contracts that have been executed for renovation projects at the properties. We are committed to these purchase orders and contracts and anticipate making similar arrangements in the future with the existing properties or any future properties that we may acquire.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
As of December 31, 2020, we had no off-balance sheet arrangements.
Inflation
We rely on the performance of the hotels to increase revenues to keep pace with inflation. Generally, our hotel operators possess the ability to adjust room rates daily, except for group or corporate rates contractually committed to in advance, although competitive pressures may limit the ability of our operators to raise rates faster than inflation or even at the same rate.
Seasonality
Demand in the lodging industry is affected by recurring seasonal patterns which are greatly influenced by overall economic cycles, geographic locations, weather and customer mix at the hotels. Generally, our hotels have lower revenue, operating income and cash flow in the first quarter of each year and higher revenue, operating income and cash flow in the third quarter of each year. The historical trend has been disrupted as a result of COVID-19. For the year ended December 31, 2020, the first quarter of the year had higher revenue, operating income and cash flow with hotels suspensions and decline in operations beginning in March 2020.
Derivative Instruments
In the normal course of business, we are exposed to the effects of interest rate changes. We may enter into derivative instruments including interest rate swaps, caps and collars to manage or hedge interest rate risk. Derivative instruments are subject to fair value reporting at each reporting date and the increase or decrease in fair value is recorded in net income (loss) or accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), based on the applicable hedge accounting guidance. Derivatives expose the Company to credit risk in the event of non-performance by the counter parties under the terms of the interest rate hedge agreements. The Company believes it minimizes the credit risk by transacting with major credit-worthy financial institutions.
The Company has interest rate swap agreements with an aggregate notional amount of $1.4 billion to hedge variable interest rates on our unsecured term loans. In addition, as of December 31, 2020, the Company had interest rates swaps for an aggregate notional amount of $490.0 million which will become effective in the future as current swaps mature.
We have designated these pay-fixed, receive-floating interest rate swap derivatives as cash flow hedges.
51
Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk.
Interest Rate Sensitivity
We are exposed to market risk from changes in interest rates. We seek to limit the impact of interest rate changes on earnings and cash flows and to lower our overall borrowing costs by closely monitoring our variable rate debt and converting such debt to fixed rates when we deem such conversion advantageous. From time to time, we may enter into interest rate swap agreements or other interest rate hedging contracts. While these agreements are intended to lessen the impact of rising interest rates, they also expose us to the risks that the other parties to the agreements will not perform, we could incur significant costs associated with the settlement of the agreements, the agreements will be unenforceable and the underlying transactions will fail to qualify as highly effective cash flow hedges under guidance included in ASC 815 "Derivatives and Hedging."
The table below provides information about financial instruments that are sensitive to changes in interest rates, including notes, term loans, bonds and lines of credit. For debt obligations, the table presents scheduled maturities, including annual amortization of principal, and related weighted-average interest rates for the debt maturing in each specified period (dollars in thousands).
Liabilities
Average interest rate — % — % 4.7 % — % 4.93 % 1.75 % 2.26 %
____________
This table reflects indebtedness outstanding as of December 31, 2020 and does not reflect indebtedness, if any, incurred after that date. Our ultimate exposure to interest rate fluctuations depends on the amount of indebtedness that bears interest at variable rates, the time at which the interest rate is adjusted, the amount of adjustment, the ability to prepay or refinance variable rate indebtedness and hedging strategies used to reduce the impact of any increases in rates. As of December 31, 2020, the estimated fair value of our fixed rate debt was $491.8 million.
As of December 31, 2020, $385.0 million of the Company's aggregate indebtedness (16.9% of total indebtedness) was subject to variable interest rates, excluding amounts outstanding under the term loan facilities that have been effectively swapped into fixed rates. If interest rates on our unhedged variable rate debt increase or decrease by 0.1 percent, our annual interest expense will increase or decrease by approximately $0.4 million, respectively.
Item 8. Consolidated Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.
See Financial Statements and index beginning on page F-1.
Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure.
None.
Item 9A. Controls and Procedures.
Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, we have evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures pursuant to Rule 13a-15(b) under the Exchange Act as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that, as of the end of the period covered by this report, these disclosure controls and procedures were effective to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed by us in reports we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC's rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
52
Management's Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act. Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our principal executive officer, we conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting based on the original framework in Internal Control - Integrated Framework issued in 2013 by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Based on our evaluation under the framework in InternalControl - Integrated Framework, our management concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2020.
KPMG LLP, a registered independent accounting firm, has audited our consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K and, as part of its audit, has issued its report, included herein on page F-4, on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting.
There was no change to our internal control over financial reporting during the fourth quarter ended December 31, 2020 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
Item 9B. Other Information.
None.
53
PART III
Item 10. Trustees, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance.
The information required by this item is incorporated by reference to the Company's Proxy Statement for the 2021 Annual Meeting of Shareholders.
Item 11. Executive Compensation.
The information required by this item is incorporated by reference to the Company's Proxy Statement for the 2021 Annual Meeting of Shareholders.
Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Shareholder Matters.
The information required by this item is incorporated by reference to the Company's Proxy Statement for the 2021 Annual Meeting of Shareholders.
Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Trustee Independence.
The information required by this item is incorporated by reference to the Company's Proxy Statement for the 2021 Annual Meeting of Shareholders.
Item 14. Principal Accountant Fees and Services.
The information required by this item is incorporated by reference to the Company's Proxy Statement for the 2021 Annual Meeting of Shareholders.
54
PART IV
Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules.
(a) The following documents are filed as part of this report:
1. Financial Statements
Included herein on pages F-1 through F-39.
2. Financial Statement Schedules
The following financial statement schedule is included herein on pages F-40 through F-43.
Schedule III--Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation
All other schedules for which provision is made in Regulation S-X are either not required to be included herein under the related instructions or are inapplicable or the related information is included in the footnotes to the applicable financial statement and, therefore, have been omitted from this Item 15.
3. Exhibits
The following exhibits are filed or furnished, as the case may be, as part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K:
55
ExhibitNumber Description of Exhibit
56
57
58
21.1† List of Subsidiaries of Pebblebrook Hotel Trust.
23.1† Consent of KPMG LLP.
101.SCH Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document(1)
101.CAL Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document(1)
101.LAB Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document(1)
101.DEF Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document(1)
101.PRE Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document(1)
________________
* Management agreement or compensatory plan or arrangement.
† Filed herewith.
†† Furnished herewith.
(1)Submitted electronically herewith. Attached as Exhibit 101 to this report are the following documents formatted in XBRL (eXtensible Business Reporting Language): (i) Consolidated Balance Sheets; (ii) Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income; (iii) Consolidated Statements of Equity; (iv) Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows; (v) Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements; and (vi) Cover Page (in connection with Exhibit 104).
59
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
PEBBLEBROOK HOTEL TRUST
Date: February 23, 2021 /s/ JON E. BORTZ
Jon E. Bortz
Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
Name Title Date
Jon E. Bortz
Raymond D. Martz
/s/ CYDNEY C. DONNELL Trustee February 23, 2021
Cydney C. Donnell
/s/ RON E. JACKSON Trustee February 23, 2021
Ron E. Jackson
/s/ PHILLIP M. MILLER Trustee February 23, 2021
Phillip M. Miller
/s/ MICHAEL J. SCHALL Trustee February 23, 2021
Michael J. Schall
/s/ BONNY W. SIMI Trustee February 23, 2021
Bonny W. Simi
/s/ EARL E. WEBB Trustee February 23, 2021
Earl E. Webb
PEBBLEBROOK HOTEL TRUST
INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
PageNo.
Reports of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm F-2
Consolidated Balance Sheets F-5
Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income F-6
Consolidated Statements of Equity F-8
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows F-10
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements F-12
Schedule III - Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation F-40
F-1
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the Shareholders and Board of Trustees
Pebblebrook Hotel Trust:
Opinion on the Consolidated Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Pebblebrook Hotel Trust and subsidiaries (the Company) as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, the related consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income, equity, and cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2020, and the related notes and financial statement schedule III (collectively, the consolidated financial statements). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2020, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2020, based on criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission, and our report dated February 23, 2021 expressed an unqualified opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.
Change in Accounting Principle
As discussed in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company changed its method of accounting for leases as of January 1, 2019.
Basis for Opinion
These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Critical Audit Matter
The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the consolidated financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the consolidated financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of a critical audit matter does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.
The assessment of hotel properties for impairment
As discussed in Note 2 and 4 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company reviews its investments in hotel properties for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of the hotel properties may not be recoverable. For hotel properties that have an indication that its carrying value may not be recoverable, an undiscounted cash flow analysis is prepared using various inputs and assumptions, including estimated holding period and expected terminal capitalization rate. To the extent that the carrying value of a hotel property exceeds the estimated undiscounted cash flows, an impairment loss is recognized equal to the excess of carrying value over its fair value. The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) has reduced travel significantly and adversely affected the hospitality industry and resulted in recoverability analyses being performed on all of the Company’s hotel properties. In addition, COVID-19 has increased uncertainty in future cash flow projections and hold periods. The Company determined that the carrying
F-2
value of certain hotel properties exceeded its fair value, and recognized an impairment loss of $74.6 million. Investment in hotel properties was $5.9 billion, or 97% of total assets as of December 31, 2020.
We identified the assessment of hotel properties for impairment as a critical audit matter. Significant auditor judgment was required to evaluate certain key assumptions, specifically, the judgments related to the Company’s estimated holding period, expected terminal capitalization rate, discount rate, and projected cash flows from operations and eventual disposition, including the effects of COVID-19 and the resulting duration of the economic downturn. Changes in the key assumptions could have a significant impact on the determination of recoverability of the carrying value and determination of fair value in hotel properties. Furthermore, in determining the fair value of certain hotel properties, involvement of valuation professionals with specialized skills and knowledge was required to evaluate discount rates and expected terminal capitalization rates used in the determination of the fair value.
The following are the primary procedures we performed to address this critical audit matter. We evaluated the design and tested the operating effectiveness of certain internal controls over the Company’s process to evaluate hotel properties for impairment, including the specific assumptions described above. We inquired of Company officials and inspected documents, such as meeting minutes of the board of trustees, to identify Company strategies that may indicate it was more-likely-than not that a property will be sold significantly before the end of its previously estimated useful life. We read publicly available information in order to identify information regarding potential sales of the Company’s properties. We also performed sensitivity analyses over the estimated holding period of certain of the Company’s hotel properties by changing the Company’s estimates to assess the impact on the analysis. We evaluated the Company’s expected terminal capitalization rates by comparing to published third-party industry reports as well as the Company’s historical hotel property sales. For certain of the hotel properties, we performed sensitivity analyses over the estimated terminal capitalization rate by considering points within the ranges we obtained from published third-party industry reports. We evaluated the Company’s projected cash flows from operations, by comparing to published third-party industry reports evaluating the impact of COVID-19 on the hotel industry. We inquired and obtained representations from the Company regarding the status and evaluation of any potential disposal of properties and read minutes of the board of trustees. We corroborated that information with others in the organization who are responsible for, and have authority over, disposition activities. We also involved valuation professionals with specialized skills and knowledge who assisted in:
•assessing the projected future cash flows from operations of each hotel property by comparing the expected duration and financial impact of the economic downturn to publicly available market data, and
•evaluating the discount rates and expected terminal capitalization rates used in the determination of the fair value of certain hotel properties, by comparing against ranges that were independently developed using publicly available market data for comparable properties.
/s/ KPMG LLP
We have served as the Company's auditor since 2009.
McLean, Virginia
February 23, 2021
F-3
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the Shareholders and Board of Trustees
Pebblebrook Hotel Trust:
Opinion on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
We have audited Pebblebrook Hotel Trust and subsidiaries' (the Company) internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2020, based on criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. In our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2020, based on criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the consolidated balance sheets of the Company as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, the related consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income, equity, and cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2020, and the related notes and financial statement schedule III (collectively, the consolidated financial statements), and our report dated February 23, 2021 expressed an unqualified opinion on those consolidated financial statements.
Basis for Opinion
The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management's Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audit also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Definition and Limitations of Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
/s/ KPMG LLP
McLean, Virginia
February 23, 2021
F-4
ASSETS
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities 226,446 260,166
Commitments and contingencies (Note 11)
Shareholders’ equity:
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (60,071) (24,715)
Distributions in excess of retained earnings (853,973) (424,996)
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
F-5
Table of Contents
For the year ended December 31,
Revenues:
Expenses:
Hotel operating expenses:
Impairment loss 74,556 — —
Net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests (864) 283 (8)
F-6
Table of Contents
For the year ended December 31,
Comprehensive Income:
Other comprehensive income (loss):
Change in fair value of derivative instruments (63,861) (25,785) (1,929)
Amounts reclassified from other comprehensive income 28,505 (260) (978)
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
F-7
Table of Contents
Shares Amount Shares Amount
Issuance of operating partnership units — — — — — — — — 4,665 4,665
Net contribution from non-controlling interests — — — — — — — — 125 125
Other comprehensive income (loss):
Issuance of shares, net of offering costs — — — — (275) — — (275) — (275)
Redemption of non-controlling interests — — — — (30) — — (30) (95) (125)
Other comprehensive income (loss):
F-8
Table of Contents
Issuance of shares, net of offering costs — — — — (119) — — (119) — (119)
Distributions on common shares/units — — — — — — (4,692) (4,692) (45) (4,737)
Other comprehensive income (loss):
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
F-9
Table of Contents
Pebblebrook Hotel TrustConsolidated Statements of Cash Flows(In thousands)
For the year ended December 31,
Operating activities:
(Gain) loss on marketable securities — — 2,978
Impairment loss 74,556 — —
Changes in assets and liabilities:
Investing activities:
Acquisition of LaSalle, net of cash acquired — — (1,372,584)
Investment in marketable securities — — (356,180)
Sale of marketable securities — — 6,658
Purchase of corporate office equipment, software, and furniture — (752) (164)
Property insurance proceeds — — 5,162
Financing activities:
Payment of offering costs — common and preferred shares (119) (275) (470)
(Distributions) contributions from non-controlling interest — (125) —
Purchases of capped calls for convertible senior notes (38,300) — —
Proceeds from refundable membership deposits — — 29
F-10
Table of Contents
Pebblebrook Hotel TrustConsolidated Statements of Cash Flows(In thousands)
Repayments of refundable membership deposits (1,354) (637) (754)
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
F-11
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PEBBLEBROOK HOTEL TRUST
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Note 1. Organization
Pebblebrook Hotel Trust (the "Company") was formed as a Maryland real estate investment trust in October 2009 to opportunistically acquire and invest in hotel properties located primarily in major United States cities, with an emphasis on major gateway coastal markets.
As of December 31, 2020, the Company owned 53 hotels with a total of 13,236 guest rooms. The hotels are located in the following markets: Boston, Massachusetts; Chicago, Illinois; Key West, Florida; Miami (Coral Gables), Florida; Los Angeles, California (Beverly Hills, Santa Monica, and West Hollywood); Naples, Florida; New York, New York; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Portland, Oregon; San Diego, California; San Francisco, California; Seattle, Washington; Stevenson, Washington; and Washington, D.C.
Substantially all of the Company’s assets are held by, and all of the Company's operations are conducted through, Pebblebrook Hotel, L.P. (the "Operating Partnership"). The Company is the sole general partner of the Operating Partnership. At December 31, 2020, the Company owned 99.8% of the common limited partnership units issued by the Operating Partnership ("common units"). The remaining 0.2% of the common units are owned by the other limited partners of the Operating Partnership. For the Company to maintain its qualification as a real estate investment trust ("REIT") under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Code"), it cannot operate the hotels it owns. Therefore, the Operating Partnership and its subsidiaries lease the hotel properties to subsidiaries of Pebblebrook Hotel Lessee, Inc. (collectively with its subsidiaries, "PHL"), a taxable REIT subsidiary ("TRS"), which in turn engage third-party eligible independent contractors to manage the hotels. PHL is consolidated into the Company’s financial statements.
COVID-19 Operations and Liquidity Update
In March 2020, the World Health Organization declared the novel coronavirus ("COVID-19") to be a global pandemic and the virus has continued to spread throughout the United States and the world. As a result of this pandemic and subsequent government mandates, health official recommendations, corporate policy changes and individual responses, hotel demand was dramatically reduced. Following government mandates and health official recommendations, the Company temporarily suspended operations at 47 of its hotels and resorts and working with its operators, dramatically reduced staffing and expenses at the hotels that remained operational. Throughout the summer months, hotel industry demand improved from its historical lows seen in the second quarter, particularly as leisure customers sought to travel to drive-to hotels and resorts that could offer more space and outdoor experiences. The monthly revenue increased slowly through October as the Company reopened several of its hotels and resorts between May and October. November and December had declining revenue at most of its opened hotels, except its South Florida properties, as leisure demand declined and business travel did not return in a meaningful manner. The South Florida properties experienced slightly increasing revenue late in the year which is consistent with the seasonal pattern for these warm weather resort properties. The Company anticipates leisure travel will return as vaccine distribution becomes more widely available, followed by business travel. The Company still anticipates group demand will be the slowest to return until there is more certainty around health and immunity solution for the country. As of December 31, 2020, 37 of the Company's hotels and resorts listed below were open, with operations at the remaining 16 hotels still temporarily suspended. The Company anticipates reopening additional hotels as demand returns and it determines that the Company would lose less money with the hotels open versus remaining closed.
F-12
Table of Contents
Property Location
1. L'Auberge Del Mar Del Mar, CA
2. Hotel Palomar Los Angeles Beverly Hills Los Angeles, CA
3. W Los Angeles - West Beverly Hills Los Angeles, CA
4. Mondrian Los Angeles West Hollywood, CA
5. Le Meridien Delfina Santa Monica Santa Monica, CA
6. Viceroy Santa Monica Hotel Santa Monica, CA
7. Le Parc Suite Hotel West Hollywood, CA
8. Montrose West Hollywood West Hollywood, CA
9. Chamberlain West Hollywood Hotel West Hollywood, CA
10. Grafton on Sunset West Hollywood, CA
11. Embassy Suites San Diego Bay - Downtown San Diego, CA
12. Paradise Point Resort & Spa San Diego, CA
14. The Westin San Diego Gaslamp Quarter San Diego, CA
15. Hilton San Diego Gaslamp Quarter San Diego, CA
16. Solamar Hotel San Diego, CA
17. Hotel Spero San Francisco, CA
18. Hotel Zetta San Francisco San Francisco, CA
19. Chaminade Resort & Spa Santa Cruz, CA
20. Southernmost Beach Resort Key West, FL
21. The Marker Key West Harbor Resort Key West, FL
22. LaPlaya Beach Resort and Club Naples, FL
23. Hotel Colonnade Coral Gables, Autograph Collection Miami, FL
24. The Liberty, A Luxury Collection Hotel, Boston Boston, MA
25. Hyatt Regency Boston Harbor Boston, MA
26. W Boston Boston, MA
27. The Westin Copley Place, Boston Boston, MA
28. George Hotel Washington, DC
29. Hotel Zena Washington DC (formerly Donovan Hotel) Washington, DC
30. Viceroy Washington DC (formerly Mason & Rook Hotel) Washington, DC
31. Skamania Lodge Stevenson, WA
32. Hotel Monaco Seattle Seattle, WA
33. Hotel Vintage Seattle Seattle, WA
34. Hotel Vintage Portland Portland, OR
35. The Heathman Hotel Portland, OR
36. The Nines, a Luxury Collection Hotel, Portland Portland, OR
37. Sofitel Philadelphia at Rittenhouse Square Philadelphia, PA
The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant negative impact on the Company's operations and financial results to date and the Company expects that it will continue to have a significant negative impact on the Company's results of operations, financial position and cash flow in 2021. The Company cannot estimate when travel demand will recover. As a result of uncertainty at the beginning of the pandemic, in March 2020, the Company fully drew down on its $650.0 million unsecured revolving credit facility, reduced the quarterly cash dividend on its common shares to one penny per share, reduced planned capital expenditures, reduced the compensation of its executive officers, trustees and employees, and, working closely with its hotel operating partners, significantly reduced its hotels' operating expenses. On June 29, 2020, the Company amended its
F-13
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existing credit facilities, term loan facilities and senior notes. Among other things, the amendments extended the maturity of a significant portion of the term loan due in November 2021 to November 2022, waived existing financial covenants through the end of the first quarter of 2021 and provided substantially less restrictive financial covenants through the end of the second quarter of 2022. In addition, the Company repaid approximately $250.0 million on its unsecured revolving credit facility. In December 2020, the Company issued $500.0 million of convertible notes and used the proceeds to repay an additional $250.0 million of its unsecured revolving credit facility and $200.0 million of its unsecured term loans. As of December 31, 2020, the Company had a balance of $40.0 million on its unsecured revolving credit facility.
In February 2021, the Company issued an additional $250.0 million of convertible notes under the same terms as the December 2020 offering, at a 5.5% premium to par. In connection with the pricing of the convertible notes, the Company entered into privately negotiated capped call transactions with certain of the underwriters, their respective affiliates and/or other counterparties. The Company used the net proceeds to reduce amounts outstanding under the Company’s senior unsecured revolving credit facility, unsecured term loans, and for general corporate purposes.
In February 2021, the Company further amended the agreements governing the existing credit facilities, term loan facilities and senior notes to, among other items, waive financial covenants through the end of the first quarter of 2022 except for the minimum fixed charge coverage and minimum unsecured interest coverage ratio which were extended through December 31, 2021 and to increase the interest rate spread. Refer to "Note 5. Debt" for additional information regarding these amendments and convertible debt. Based on these amendments and expense and cash burn rate reductions, the Company believes that it has sufficient liquidity to meet its obligations for the next twelve months.
The negative impact of the demand loss caused by COVID-19 will result in a significant income tax loss in PHL. Given the continued negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Company's financial results and uncertainties about the Company's ability to utilize its net operating loss in future years, the Company had a valuation allowance of $20.9 million as of December 31, 2020. As of December 31, 2020, the Company had an income tax receivable of $6.9 million attributable to the net operating loss carry-back, which is included in prepaid expenses and other assets in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.
The Company also adopted an optional remote-work policy and other physical distancing policies at its corporate office and the Company does not anticipate these policies to have any adverse impact on its ability to continue to operate its business. Transitioning to a remote-work environment has not had a material adverse impact on the Company's financial reporting system, internal controls or disclosure controls and procedures.
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Note 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Basis of Presentation
The Company and its subsidiaries are separate legal entities and maintain records and books of account separate and apart from each other. The consolidated financial statements include all of the accounts of the Company and its subsidiaries and are presented in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, ("U.S. GAAP"). All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Investments in entities that the Company does not control, but over which the Company has the ability to exercise significant influence regarding operating and financial policies, are accounted for under the equity method.
Certain reclassifications have been made to the prior period's financial statements to conform to the current year presentation.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of the financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities, and revenues and expenses. These estimates are prepared using management’s best judgment, after considering past, current and expected events and economic conditions. Actual results could differ from these estimates.
Risks and Uncertainties
The state of the overall economy can significantly impact hotel operational performance and thus, impact the Company's financial position. As discussed above, the impact of COVID-19 has significantly impacted the hotels' operational performance and therefore the Company has significantly reduced distributions to our shareholders in addition to taking other measures in order to reduce operating expenses. A continued reduction in travel may impact the Company's ability to service debt or meet other financial obligations.
Fair Value Measurements
A fair value measurement is based on the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability in an orderly transaction. The hierarchy for inputs used in measuring fair value are as follows:
1.Level 1 – Inputs are quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
2.Level 2 – Inputs include quoted prices in active markets for similar assets and liabilities, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, and model-derived valuations whose inputs are observable.
3.Level 3 – Model-derived valuations with unobservable inputs.
In certain cases, the inputs used to measure fair value may fall into different levels of the fair value hierarchy. In such cases, for disclosure purposes, the level within which the fair value measurement is categorized is based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement.
The Company's financial instruments include cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, accounts payable and accrued expenses. Due to their short maturities, the carrying amounts of these assets and liabilities approximate fair value. See Note 5 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements for disclosures on the fair value of debt and derivative instruments.
Investment in Hotel Properties
Upon acquiring a business or hotel property, the Company measures and recognizes the fair value of the acquired land, land improvements, building, furniture, fixtures and equipment, identifiable intangible assets or liabilities, other assets and assumed liabilities. Identifiable intangible assets or liabilities typically arise from contractual arrangements in connection with the transaction, including terms that are above or below market compared to an estimated market agreement at the acquisition date. Acquisition-date fair values of assets and assumed liabilities are determined using a combination of the market, cost and income approaches. These valuation methodologies are based on significant Level 2 and Level 3 inputs in the fair value hierarchy, such as estimates of future income growth, capitalization rates, discount rates, capital expenditures and cash flow projections, including hotel revenues and net operating income, at the respective hotel properties.
Transaction costs related to business combinations are expensed as incurred and included on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income.
Hotel renovations and replacements of assets that improve or extend the life of the asset are recorded at cost and depreciated over their estimated useful lives. Furniture, fixtures and equipment under finance leases are recorded at the present value of the minimum lease payments. Repair and maintenance costs are expensed as incurred.
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Hotel properties are recorded at cost and depreciated using the straight-line method over an estimated useful life of 10 to 40 years for buildings, land improvements, and building improvements and 1 to 10 years for furniture, fixtures and equipment. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the shorter of the lease term or the useful lives of the related assets. Intangible assets arising from contractual arrangements are typically amortized over the life of the contract. The Company is required to make subjective assessments as to the useful lives and classification of properties for purposes of determining the amount of depreciation expense to reflect each year with respect to the assets. These assessments may impact the Company’s results of operations.
The Company reviews its investments in hotel properties for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of the hotel properties may not be recoverable. Events or circumstances that may cause a review include, but are not limited to, when a hotel property experiences a current or projected loss from operations, when it becomes more likely than not that a hotel property will be sold before the end of its useful life, adverse changes in the demand for lodging at the properties due to declining national or local economic conditions and/or new hotel construction in markets where the hotels are located. When such conditions exist, the Company performs an analysis to determine if the estimated undiscounted future cash flows from operations and the proceeds from the ultimate disposition of a hotel exceed its carrying value. If the estimated undiscounted future cash flows are less than the carrying value of the asset, an adjustment to reduce the carrying value to the related hotel’s estimated fair market value is recorded and an impairment loss is recognized. In the evaluation of impairment of its hotel properties, the Company makes many assumptions and estimates including projected cash flows both from operations and eventual disposition, expected useful life and estimated holding period, future required capital expenditures, and fair values, including consideration of expected terminal capitalization rates, discount rates, and comparable selling prices. The Company will adjust its assumptions with respect to the remaining useful life of the hotel property when circumstances change or it is more likely than not that the hotel property will be sold prior to its previously expected useful life.
The Company will classify a hotel as held for sale and will cease recording depreciation expense when a binding agreement to sell the property has been signed under which the buyer has committed a significant amount of nonrefundable cash, approval of the Company's board of trustees (the "Board of Trustees") has been obtained, no significant financing contingencies exist, and the sale is expected to close within one year. If the fair value less costs to sell is lower than the carrying value of the hotel, the Company will record an impairment loss. The Company will classify the loss, together with the related operating results, as continuing or discontinuing operations on the statements of operations and classify the assets and related liabilities as held for sale on the balance sheet.
Intangible Assets and Liabilities
Intangible assets or liabilities are recorded on non-market contracts assumed as part of the acquisition of certain hotels. The Company reviews the terms of agreements assumed in conjunction with the purchase of a hotel to determine if the terms are over or under market compared to an estimated market agreement at the acquisition date. Under market lease assets or over market contract liabilities are recorded at the acquisition date and amortized using the straight-line method over the term of the agreement. The Company does not amortize intangible assets with indefinite useful lives, but reviews these assets for impairment annually or at interim periods if events or circumstances indicate that the asset may be impaired.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash on hand, demand deposits with financial institutions and short-term liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less. The Company maintains cash and cash equivalents balances in excess of insured limits with various financial institutions. This may subject the Company to significant concentrations of credit risk. The Company performs periodic evaluations of the credit quality of these financial institutions.
Restricted Cash
Restricted cash primarily consists of reserves for replacement of furniture and fixtures and cash held in escrow pursuant to lender requirements to pay for real estate taxes or property insurance.
Prepaid Expenses and Other Assets
The Company's prepaid expenses and other assets consist of prepaid real estate taxes, prepaid insurance, inventories, over or under market leases, and corporate office equipment and furniture.
Derivative Instruments
In the normal course of business, the Company is exposed to the effects of interest rate changes. The Company may enter into derivative instruments including interest rate swaps, caps and collars to manage or hedge interest rate risk. Derivative instruments are recorded at fair value on the balance sheet date. Unrealized gains and losses of hedging instruments are reported in other comprehensive income (loss) and are subsequently reclassified into earnings in the period that the hedged forecasted transaction affects earnings.
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Revenue Recognition
Revenue consists of amounts derived from hotel operations, including the sales of rooms, food and beverage, and other ancillary services. Room revenue is recognized over the length of a customer's hotel stay. Revenue from food and beverage and other ancillary services is generated when a customer chooses to purchase goods or services separately from a hotel room and revenue is recognized on these distinct goods and services at the point in time or over the time period that goods or services are provided to the customer. Certain ancillary services are provided by third parties and the Company assesses whether it is the principal or agent in these arrangements. If the Company is the agent, revenue is recognized based upon the commission earned from the third party. If the Company is the principal, the Company recognizes revenue based upon the gross sales price. Some contracts for rooms or food and beverage services require an upfront deposit which is recorded as deferred revenues (or contract liabilities) and recognized once the performance obligations are satisfied.
The Company recognizes revenue related to nonrefundable membership initiation fees and refundable membership initiation deposits over the expected life of an active membership. For refundable membership initiation deposits, the difference between the amount paid by the member and the present value of the refund obligation is deferred and recognized as other operating revenues on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income over the expected life of an active membership. The present value of the refund obligation is recorded as a membership initiation deposit liability in the consolidated balance sheets and accretes over the nonrefundable term using the effective interest method using the Company's incremental borrowing rate. The accretion is included in interest expense.
Certain of the Company's hotels have retail spaces, restaurants or other spaces which the Company leases to third parties. Lease revenue is recognized on a straight-line basis over the life of the lease and included in other operating revenues in the Company's consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income.
The Company collects sales, use, occupancy and similar taxes at its hotels which are presented on a net basis on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income. Accounts receivable primarily represents receivables from hotel guests who occupy hotel rooms and utilize hotel services. The Company maintains an allowance for doubtful accounts sufficient to cover estimated potential credit losses.
Income Taxes
To qualify as a REIT for federal income tax purposes, the Company must meet a number of organizational and operational requirements, including a requirement that it currently distribute at least 90 percent of its REIT taxable income (determined without regard to the deduction for dividends paid and excluding net capital gains) to its shareholders. As a REIT, the Company generally is not subject to federal corporate income tax on that portion of its taxable income that is currently distributed to shareholders. The Company is subject to certain state and local taxes on its income and property, and to federal income and excise taxes on its undistributed taxable income. In addition, the Company's TRS lessees are subject to federal and state income taxes. The Company accounts for income taxes using the asset and liability method under which deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Valuation allowances are provided if, based upon the weight of the available evidence, it is more likely than not that some or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized.
Share-based Compensation
The Company has adopted an equity incentive plan that provides for the grant of common share options, share awards, share appreciation rights, performance units and other equity-based awards. Equity-based compensation is measured at the fair value of the award on the date of grant and recognized as an expense on a straight-line basis over the vesting period. Share-based compensation awards that contain a performance condition are reviewed at least quarterly to assess the achievement of the performance condition. Compensation expense will be adjusted when a change in the assessment of achievement of the specific performance condition level is determined to be probable. The determination of fair value of these awards is subjective and involves significant estimates and assumptions including expected volatility of the Company's shares, expected dividend yield, expected term and assumptions of whether these awards will achieve parity with other operating partnership units or achieve performance thresholds.
Earnings Per Share
Basic earnings per share (“EPS”) is computed by dividing the net income (loss) available to common shareholders by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted EPS is computed by dividing net income (loss) available to common shareholders, as adjusted for dilutive securities, by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding plus dilutive securities. Any anti-dilutive securities are excluded from the diluted per-share calculation.
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Comprehensive Income
The purpose of reporting comprehensive income is to report a measure of all changes in equity of an entity that result from recognized transactions and other economic events of the period other than transactions with owners in their capacity as owners. Comprehensive income consists of all components of income, including other comprehensive income, which is excluded from net income.
Segment Information
The Company separately evaluates the performance of each of its hotel properties. However, because each of the hotels has similar economic characteristics, facilities, and services, the hotel properties have been aggregated into a single operating segment.
Recent Accounting Standards
In February 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2016-02, Leases, which sets out the principles for the recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosure of leases for both parties to a contract (i.e., lessees and lessors). The new standard requires lessees to apply a dual approach, classifying leases as either finance or operating leases based on the principle of whether or not the lease is effectively a financed purchase by the lessee. This classification will determine whether lease expense is recognized based on an effective interest method or on a straight line basis over the term of the lease, respectively. A lessee is also required to record a right-of-use asset and a lease liability for all leases with a term of greater than 12 months regardless of their classification. In July 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-10, Codification Improvements to Topic 842, Leases, to clarify how to apply certain aspects of the new leases standard. In July 2018, the FASB also issued ASU 2018-11, Leases (Topic 842): Targeted Improvements, to give companies another option for transition and to provide lessors with a practical expedient to reduce the cost and complexity of implementing the new standard. The transition option allows companies to not apply the new leases standard in the comparative periods they present in their financial statements in the year of adoption. The Company adopted this standard on January 1, 2019. The Company elected the practical expedients allowed under the guidance and retained the original lease classification and historical accounting for initial direct costs for leases existing prior to the adoption date. The Company also elected not to restate prior periods for the impact of the adoption of the new standard. The adoption of this standard has resulted in the recognition of right-of-use assets and related liabilities to account for the Company's future obligations under the ground lease and corporate office arrangements for which the Company is the lessee. See Notes 4 and 11 below for additional disclosures of the adoption of this standard.
In August 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-06, Debt—Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging— Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40), which, among other things, simplifies the accounting for convertible instruments by eliminating the requirement to separate conversion features from the host contract. Consequently, a convertible debt instrument will be accounted for as a single liability measured at its amortized cost. Early adoption is permitted for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020, including interim periods. The Company early adopted ASU 2020-06 on January 1, 2021. As such, beginning January 1, 2021, the convertible debt will be recorded entirely as a single liability with no portion of the proceeds from the issuance of the convertible debt instrument recorded as attributable to the conversion feature. In addition, the Company will cease recording non-cash interest expense associated with amortization of the debt discount and will calculate earnings per share using the if-converted method. The new guidance eliminates the beneficial conversion and cash conversion accounting models for convertible instruments. As a result, in more cases, convertible debt will be accounted for as a single instrument. The guidance also removes certain conditions for equity classification related to contracts in an entity’s own equity and requires the application of the if-converted method for calculating diluted earnings per share.
Note 3. Acquisition and Disposition of Hotel Properties
There were no acquisitions of hotel properties during the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019.
The Company will report a disposed or held for sale hotel property or group of hotel properties in discontinued operations only if the disposal represents a strategic shift that has, or will have, a major effect on its operations and financial results. All other disposed hotel properties will have their operating results reflected within continuing operations on the Company's consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income for all periods presented.
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The following table sets forth information regarding the Company's disposition transactions during the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 (in thousands):
Hotel Property Name Location Sale Date Sale Price
The Liaison Capitol Hill Washington, D.C. February 14, 2019 $ 111,000
Hotel Palomar Washington DC Washington, D.C. February 22, 2019 141,450
For the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, the Company recognized a (gain) loss on its dispositions of $(117.4) million, $(2.8) million and $2.1 million, respectively, which is included in (gain) loss on sale of hotel properties, in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income. For the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, the accompanying consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income included operating income (loss) of $4.9 million, $46.4 million and $30.1 million, respectively, related to the hotel properties sold.
The sales of the hotel properties described above did not represent a strategic shift that had a major effect on the Company’s operations and financial results, and therefore, did not qualify as discontinued operations.
Note 4. Investment in Hotel Properties
Investment in hotel properties as of December 31, 2020 and 2019 consisted of the following (in thousands):
The Company reviews its investment in hotel properties for impairment whenever events or circumstances indicate potential impairment. As a result of the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on our expected future operating cash flows and estimated hold periods for certain properties, we determined certain impairment triggers had occurred and as a result, the Company assessed its investment in hotel properties for recoverability. Based on the analyses performed, for the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company recognized an impairment loss of $74.6 million related to two hotels and the retail component of a hotel as a result of the fair values being lower than their carrying values. The impairment loss was determined using level 2 inputs under authoritative guidance for fair value measurements.
On January 1, 2019, the Company adopted ASC 842, Leases and applied it prospectively. At adoption, the Company also elected the practical expedients which permitted it to not reassess its prior conclusions about lease identification, classification and initial direct costs. Consequently on January 1, 2019, the Company recognized right-of-use assets and related liabilities
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related to its ground leases, all of which are operating leases. Since most of the Company's leases do not provide an implicit rate, the Company used incremental borrowing rates, which ranged from 5.5% to 7.6%. All of these ground leases have long terms, ranging from 10 years to 88 years and the Company included the exercise of options to extend when it is reasonably certain the Company will exercise such option. See Note 11 for additional information about the ground leases. The right-of-use assets and liabilities are amortized to ground rent expense over the term of the underlying lease agreements. As of December 31, 2020, the Company's lease liabilities consisted of operating lease liabilities of $255.1 million and financing lease liabilities of $46.4 million. As of December 31, 2019, the Company's lease liabilities consisted of operating lease liabilities of $256.3 million and financing lease liabilities of $45.6 million. The financing lease liabilities are included in accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities on the Company's accompanying consolidated balance sheets. The adoption of this standard had minimal impact on the Company's consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income.
Note 5. Debt
On June 29, 2020, the Company amended its credit agreements and related documents governing the unsecured revolving credit facilities, term loan agreements and senior notes which:
•waived existing financial covenants through the end of the first quarter of 2021 and provided substantially less restrictive covenants through the end of the second quarter of 2022 ("waiver period");
•extended the maturity of $242.6 million of the Company’s Sixth Term Loan 2021 tranche of $300.0 million from November 2021 to November 2022;
•fixed the spread at the highest threshold through the end of the waiver period;
•increased the LIBOR floor from 0% to 0.25% for any debt not designated by the Company as being covered by an interest rate swap;
•requires assets to be pledged as security, in the future, under certain circumstances;
•preserved the Company's ability to pay quarterly preferred equity dividend payments and a $0.01 per share quarterly common dividend (or higher if required to maintain REIT status) during the waiver period so long as the Company is in compliance with all loan agreements;
•provided the Company flexibility to complete new acquisitions and other investments during the waiver period;
•permit the Company to complete up to $90.0 million of capital improvements and redevelopment projects through the end of the waiver period; and
•provide limitations during the waiver period on common share repurchases and certain required prepayments following capital issuances or property dispositions.
On February 18, 2021, the Company further amended its credit agreements and related documents governing the unsecured revolving credit facilities, term loan agreements and senior notes, which:
•extended the waiver period for financial covenants through the end of the first quarter of 2022 except for the minimum fixed charge coverage and the minimum unsecured interest coverage ratio which are extended through December 31, 2021. The covenants are substantially less restrictive through a phase-in period;
•extended the majority of the remaining balance of the Company's Sixth Term Loan 2021 tranche, from November 2021 to November 2022;
•increased the spread on the unsecured revolving credit facility to LIBOR plus 2.4% and unsecured term loans to LIBOR plus 2.35%;
•increased the fixed rate on the Senior Unsecured Notes by 0.45% during the extended waiver period; and
•extends other terms through the extended waiver period.
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The Company's debt consisted of the following as of December 31, 2020 and 2019 (dollars in thousands):
Balance Outstanding as of
Interest Rate Maturity Date December 31, 2020 December 31, 2019
Revolving credit facilities
PHL unsecured credit facility Floating (2) January 2022 — —
Unsecured term loans
Sixth Term Loan
Deferred financing costs, net (8,455) (10,343)
Convertible senior notes
Deferred financing costs, net (12,568) —
Total convertible senior notes $ 374,333 $ —
Senior unsecured notes
Deferred financing costs, net (407) (437)
________________________
(1) Borrowings bear interest at floating rates equal to, at the Company's option, either (i) LIBOR plus an applicable margin or (ii) an Adjusted Base Rate (as defined in the applicable credit agreement) plus an applicable margin.
(2) Borrowings bear interest at floating rates equal to, at the Company's option, either (i) LIBOR plus an applicable margin or (ii) an Eurocurrency Rate (as defined in the applicable credit agreement) plus an applicable margin.
(3) Borrowings under the term loan facilities bear interest at floating rates equal to, at the Company's option, either (i) LIBOR plus an applicable margin or (ii) a Base Rate plus an applicable margin. As of December 31, 2020, $1.4 billion of the borrowings under the term loan facilities bore an effective weighted-average fixed interest rate of 4.19%, after taking into account interest rate swap agreements, and $345.0 million bore a weighted-average floating interest rate of 2.46%. As of December 31, 2019, $1.6 billion of the borrowings under the term loan facilities bore a weighted-average fixed interest rate of 3.43%, after taking into account interest rate swap agreements, and $345.0 million bore a weighted-average floating interest rate of 3.32%.
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(4) In February 2021, we repaid $12.8 million of the Sixth Term Loan Tranche 2021 and extended the majority of the remaining balance to November 2022.
Unsecured Revolving Credit Facilities
The Company has a $650.0 million senior unsecured revolving credit facility maturing in January 2022, with options to extend the maturity date to January 2023, pursuant to certain terms and conditions and payment of an extension fee. As of December 31, 2020, the Company had $40.0 million of outstanding borrowings, $6.8 million of outstanding letters of credit and borrowing capacity of $603.2 million remaining on its senior unsecured credit facility. Interest is paid on the periodic advances under the senior unsecured revolving credit facility at varying rates, based upon either LIBOR or the alternate base rate, plus an additional margin amount, or spread. The Company has the ability to further increase the aggregate borrowing capacity under the credit agreement to up to $1.3 billion, subject to lender approval. Borrowings on the revolving credit facility bear interest at LIBOR plus 1.45% to 2.25%, depending on the Company’s leverage ratio. As a result of the amendments to the credit agreements and related documentation described above, the spread on the borrowings is fixed at 2.25% during the waiver period. Additionally, the Company is required to pay an unused commitment fee at an annual rate of 0.20% or 0.30% of the unused portion of the revolving credit facility, depending on the amount of borrowings outstanding. The credit agreement contains certain financial covenants, including a maximum leverage ratio, a minimum fixed charge coverage ratio, and a maximum percentage of secured debt to total asset value.
The Company also has a $25.0 million unsecured revolving credit facility (the "PHL Credit Facility") to be used for PHL's working capital and general corporate purposes. This credit facility has substantially similar terms as the Company's senior unsecured revolving credit facility and matures in January 2022. Borrowings on the PHL Credit Facility bear interest at LIBOR plus 1.45% to 2.25%, depending on the Company's leverage ratio. As a result of the amendments described above, the spread of the borrowings is fixed at 2.25% during the waiver period. The PHL Credit Facility is subject to debt covenants substantially similar to the covenants under the Company's credit agreement that governs the Company's senior unsecured revolving credit facility. As of December 31, 2020, the Company had no borrowings under the PHL Credit Facility and had $25.0 million borrowing capacity remaining available under the PHL Credit Facility.
Under the terms of the credit agreement for the unsecured revolving credit facility, one or more standby letters of credit, up to a maximum aggregate outstanding balance of $30.0 million, may be issued on behalf of the Company by the lenders under the unsecured revolving credit facility. The Company will incur a fee that shall be agreed upon with the issuing bank. Any outstanding standby letters of credit reduce the available borrowings on the senior unsecured revolving credit facility by a corresponding amount. Standby letters of credit of $6.8 million and $2.8 million were outstanding as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.
As of December 31, 2020, the Company was in compliance with all debt covenants of the credit agreements that govern the unsecured revolving credit facilities.
Unsecured Term Loan Facilities
The Company has senior unsecured term loans with different maturities. Each unsecured term loan bears interest at a variable rate of a benchmark interest rate plus an applicable margin, depending on the Company's leverage ratio. Each of the term loan facilities is subject to debt covenants substantially similar to the covenants under the credit agreement that governs the revolving credit facility. Upon completion of the convertible notes offering in December, the Company repaid $200.0 million of the Company's sixth term loans. As of December 31, 2020, the Company was in compliance with all debt covenants of its term loan facilities. The Company entered into interest rate swap agreements to fix the LIBOR rate on a portion of these unsecured term loan facilities, see Derivative and Hedging Activities below.
Convertible Senior Notes
In December 2020, the Company issued $500.0 million aggregate principal amount of 1.75% Convertible Senior Notes maturing in December 2026 (the "Convertible Notes"). The Convertible Notes are governed by an indenture (the “Base Indenture”) between the Company and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as trustee. The net proceeds from the offering of the Convertible Notes were approximately $487.3 million after deducting the underwriting fees and other expenses paid by the Company.
The Convertible Notes bear interest at a rate of 1.75% per annum, payable semi-annually in arrears on June 15th and December 15th of each year, beginning on June 15, 2021. The Convertible Notes will mature on December 15, 2026. The Company recorded coupon interest expense of $0.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2020.
The Company separated the Convertible Notes into liability and equity components. The initial carrying amount of the liability component was $386.1 million and was calculated using a discount rate of 6.25%. The discount rate was based on the terms of debt instruments that were similar to the Convertible Notes. The carrying amount of the equity component representing the conversion option was determined by deducting the fair value of the liability component from the principal amount of the
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Convertible Notes, or $113.9 million. The amount recorded in equity is not subject to remeasurement or amortization. The $113.9 million also represents the initial discount recorded on the Convertible Notes. The discount is accreted to interest expense using the effective interest rate method over the contractual term of the Convertible Notes. The Company recorded interest expense related to the accretion of the discount and the amortization of the debt issuance costs of $0.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2020.
Prior to June 15, 2026, the Convertible Notes will be convertible only upon certain circumstances. On and after June 15, 2026, holders may convert any of their Convertible Notes into the Company’s common shares of beneficial interest (“common shares”), at the applicable conversion rate at any time at their election two days prior to the maturity date. The initial conversion rate is 39.2549 common shares per $1,000 principal amount of Convertible Notes, which represents an initial conversion price of approximately $25.47 per share. The conversion rate is subject to adjustment in certain circumstances. As of December 31, 2020, the if-converted value of the Convertible Notes did not exceed the principal amount.
The Company may redeem for cash all or a portion of the Convertible Notes, at its option, on or after December 20, 2023 upon certain circumstances. The redemption price will be equal to 100% of the principal amount of the Convertible Notes to be redeemed, plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the redemption date. If certain make-whole fundamental changes occur, the conversion rate for the Convertible Notes may be increased.
In connection with the Convertible Notes, the Company entered into privately negotiated capped call transactions (the “Capped Call Transactions”) with certain of the underwriters of the offering of the Convertible Notes or their respective affiliates and other financial institutions (the “Capped Call Counterparties”). The Capped Call Transactions initially cover, subject to anti-dilution adjustments substantially similar to those applicable to the Convertible Notes, the number of common shares underlying the Convertible Notes. The Capped Call Transactions are expected generally to reduce the potential dilution to holders of common shares upon conversion of the Convertible Notes and/or offset the potential cash payments that the Company could be required to make in excess of the principal amount of any converted Convertible Notes upon conversion thereof, with such reduction and/or offset subject to a cap. The upper strike price of the Capped Call Transactions is $33.0225 per share. The cost of the Capped Call Transactions was $38.3 million and was recorded within additional paid-in capital.
Senior Unsecured Notes
The Company has $60.0 million of senior unsecured notes outstanding bearing a fixed interest rate of 4.70% per annum and maturing in December 2023 (the "Series A Notes") and $40.0 million of senior unsecured notes bearing a fixed interest rate of 4.93% per annum and maturing in December 2025 (the "Series B Notes"). The debt covenants of the Series A Notes and the Series B Notes are substantially similar to those of the Company's senior unsecured revolving credit facility. As of December 31, 2020, the Company was in compliance with all such debt covenants.
Interest Expense
The components of the Company's interest expense consisted of the following (in thousands):
For the year ended December 31,
Convertible senior notes 365 — —
The Company estimates the fair value of its fixed rate debt by discounting the future cash flows of each instrument at estimated market rates, taking into consideration general market conditions and maturity of the debt with similar credit terms and is classified within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. The estimated fair value of the Company’s fixed rate debt (unsecured senior notes and convertible senior notes) as of December 31, 2020 and 2019 was $491.8 million and $101.2 million, respectively.
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Future Minimum Principal Payments
As of December 31, 2020, the future minimum principal payments for the Company's debt are as follows (in thousands):
Total debt principle payments $ 2,415,000
Deferred financing costs (134,529)
Derivative and Hedging Activities
The Company enters into interest rate swap agreements to hedge against interest rate fluctuations. All of the Company's interest rate swaps are cash flow hedges. All unrealized gains and losses on these hedging instruments are reported in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) and are subsequently reclassified into earnings in the period that the hedged forecasted transaction affects earnings.
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The Company's interest rate swaps at December 31, 2020 and 2019 consisted of the following (dollars in thousands):
Notional Value as of
Hedge Type Interest Rate Maturity December 31, 2020 December 31, 2019
________________________
(1) Swaps assumed in connection with the Company's merger with LaSalle Hotel Properties on November 30, 2018.
In addition, as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, the Company had interest rates swaps for aggregate notional amounts of $490.0 million and $590.0 million, respectively, which will become effective in the future as current swaps mature. The Company records all derivative instruments at fair value in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. Fair values of interest rate swaps are determined using the standard market methodology of netting the discounted future fixed cash receipts/payments and the discounted expected variable cash payments/receipts. Variable interest rates used in the calculation of projected receipts and payments on the swaps are based on an expectation of future interest rates derived from observable
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market interest rate curves (Overnight Index Swap curves) and volatilities (Level 2 inputs). Derivatives expose the Company to credit risk in the event of non-performance by the counterparties under the terms of the interest rate hedge agreements. The Company incorporates these counterparty credit risks in its fair value measurements. The Company believes it minimizes the credit risk by transacting with major creditworthy financial institutions.
As of December 31, 2020, the Company's derivative instruments were in liability positions, with aggregate liability fair values of $58.0 million which are included in accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. The Company expects approximately $24.7 million will be reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) to interest expense in the next 12 months.
Note 6. Revenue
The Company presents revenue on a disaggregated basis in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income. The following table presents revenues by geographic location for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018 (in thousands):
For the year ended December 31,
(1)Other includes: Atlanta (Buckhead), GA, Minneapolis, MN, Nashville, TN, New York, NY, Philadelphia, PA and Santa Cruz, CA.
Payments from customers are primarily made when services are provided. Due to the short-term nature of the Company's contracts and the almost simultaneous receipt of payment, almost all of the contract liability balance at the beginning of the period is expected to be recognized as revenue over the following 12 months.
Note 7. Equity
Common Shares
The Company is authorized to issue up to 500,000,000 common shares of beneficial interest, $0.01 par value per share (“common shares”). Each outstanding common share entitles the holder to one vote on each matter submitted to a vote of shareholders. Holders of the Company’s common shares are entitled to receive dividends when authorized by the Company's Board of Trustees.
On February 22, 2016, the Company announced that the Board of Trustees authorized a share repurchase program of up to $150.0 million of the Company's outstanding common shares. Under this program, the Company may repurchase its common shares from time to time in transactions on the open market or by private agreement. The Company may suspend or discontinue this program at any time. Upon repurchase by the Company, common shares cease to be outstanding and become authorized but unissued common shares. For the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company had no repurchases under this program and as of December 31, 2020, $56.6 million of common shares remained available for repurchase under this program.
On July 27, 2017, the Company announced that the Board of Trustees authorized a new share repurchase program of up to $100.0 million of the Company's outstanding common shares. Under this program, the Company may repurchase its common shares from time to time in transactions on the open market or by private agreement. The Company may suspend or discontinue this program at any time. This $100.0 million share repurchase program will commence upon completion of the Company's $150.0 million share repurchase program.
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Common Dividends
The Company declared the following dividends on common shares/units for the year ended December 31, 2020:
Dividend perShare/Unit For the QuarterEnded Record Date Payable Date
Preferred Shares
The Company is authorized to issue up to 100,000,000 preferred shares of beneficial interest, $0.01 par value per share (“preferred shares”).
The following Preferred Shares were outstanding as of December 31, 2020 and 2019:
As of December 31,
The Series C Preferred Shares, Series D Preferred Shares, Series E Preferred Shares and Series F Preferred Shares (collectively, the “Preferred Shares”) rank senior to the common shares and on parity with each other with respect to payment of distributions. The Preferred Shares are cumulative redeemable preferred shares, do not have any maturity date and are not subject to mandatory redemption. The Company could not redeem the Series C Preferred Shares prior to March 18, 2018, may not redeem the Series D Preferred Shares prior to June 9, 2021, could not redeem the Series E Preferred Shares prior to March 4, 2018 and may not redeem the Series F Preferred Shares prior to May 25, 2021, except in limited circumstances relating to the Company’s continuing qualification as a REIT or as discussed below. On or after May 25, 2021 and June 9, 2021, the Company may, at its option, redeem the Series F Preferred Shares and Series D Preferred Shares, respectively, and at any time the Company may, at its option, redeem the Series C Preferred Shares or the Series E Preferred Shares, or both, in each case in whole or from time to time in part, by payment of $25.00 per share, plus any accumulated, accrued and unpaid distributions through the date of redemption. Upon the occurrence of a change of control, as defined in the Company's declaration of trust, the result of which the Company’s common shares and the common securities of the acquiring or surviving entity are not listed on the New York Stock Exchange, the NYSE MKT or NASDAQ, or any successor exchanges, the Company may, at its option, redeem the Preferred Shares in whole or in part within 120 days following the change of control by paying $25.00 per share, plus any accrued and unpaid distributions through the date of redemption. If the Company does not exercise its right to redeem the Preferred Shares upon a change of control, the holders of the Preferred Shares have the right to convert some or all of their shares into a number of the Company’s common shares based on defined formulas subject to share caps. The share cap on each Series C Preferred Share is 2.0325 common shares, on each Series D Preferred Share is 1.9794 common shares, on each Series E Preferred Share is 1.9372 common shares and on each Series F Preferred Share is 2.0649 common shares.
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Preferred Dividends
The Company declared the following dividends on preferred shares for the year ended December 31, 2020:
Non-controlling Interest of Common Units in Operating Partnership
Holders of Operating Partnership units have certain redemption rights that enable the unit holders to cause the Operating Partnership to redeem their units in exchange for, at the Company’s option, cash per unit equal to the market price of the Company’s common shares at the time of redemption or the Company’s common shares on a one-for-one basis. The number of shares issuable upon exercise of the redemption rights will be adjusted upon the occurrence of share splits, mergers, consolidations or similar pro-rata share transactions, which otherwise would have the effect of diluting the ownership interests of the Operating Partnership's limited partners or the Company's shareholders.
As of December 31, 2020, the Operating Partnership had two classes of long-term incentive partnership units ("LTIP") units, LTIP Class A units and LTIP Class B units. All of the outstanding LTIP units are held by officers of the Company.
On February 12, 2020, the Board of Trustees granted 415,818 LTIP Class B units to its executive officers. These LTIP units were to vest ratably on January 1, 2023, 2024, 2025 and 2026. In March 2020, the Company cancelled this grant and as a result accelerated and recognized the full expense of $10.5 million.
On July 24, 2020, 109,240 LTIP Class B units were converted to common shares.
As of December 31, 2020 and 2019, the Operating Partnership had 127,111 and 236,351 LTIP units outstanding, respectively. As of December 31, 2020, all of such LTIP units outstanding have vested. Vested LTIP units may be converted to common units of the Operating Partnership, which in turn can be redeemed for common shares or cash as described above.
On November 30, 2018, in connection with the merger with LaSalle Hotel Properties ("LaSalle"), the Company issued 133,605 OP units in the Operating Partnership to third-party limited partners of LaSalle's operating partnership. As of December 31, 2020 and 2019, the Operating Partnership had 133,605 OP units held by third parties, excluding LTIP units.