10-K
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-K
☒ ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022
OR
☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
FOR THE TRANSITION PERIOD FROM TO
Commission File Number 001-41255
Ponce Financial Group, Inc.
(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its Charter)
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (718) 931-9000
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each class TradingSymbol(s) Name of each exchange on which registered
Common stock, par value $0.01 per share PDLB The NASDAQ Stock Market, LLC
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☐No☒
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ☐No☒
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to submit such files). Yes☒ No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer ☐ Accelerated filer ☐
Non-accelerated filer ☒ Smaller reporting company ☒
Emerging growth company ☐
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262 (b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. ☐
If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant’s executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b). ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒
The aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting common equity held by non-affiliates of the Registrant, based on the closing price of the shares of common stock on The NASDAQ Stock Market on June 30, 2022was $228,452,292.
As of March 20, 2023, the registrant had 24,863,500 shares of common stock, $0.01par value per share, outstanding.
Documents Incorporated by Reference: Portions of the Registrant’s Definitive Proxy Statement relating to the Annual Meeting of Stockholders, scheduled to be held on June 15, 2023, are incorporated into Part III hereof.
Auditor Firm Id: 339 Auditor Name: Mazars USA LLP Auditor Location: New York, New York, USA
Table of Contents
PART I 1
Item 1. Business 1
Item 1A. Risk Factors 32
Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments 46
Item 2. Properties 47
Item 3. Legal Proceedings 48
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures 48
Item 6. Reserved 49
Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk 69
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data 70
Item 9A. Controls and Procedures 121
Item 9B. Other Information 121
Item 9C. Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspection 121
Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance 122
Item 11. Executive Compensation 122
Item 14. Principal Accounting Fees and Services 122
Item 15. Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules 122
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CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This annual report contains forward-looking statements, which can be identified by the use of words such as “estimate,” “project,” “intend,” “anticipate,” “assume,” “plan,” “seek,” “expect,” “will,” “may,” “should,” “indicate,” “would,” “believe,” “contemplate,” “continue,” “target” and words of similar meaning. These forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to:
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statements of the Company’s goals, intentions and expectations;
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statements regarding our business plans, prospects, growth and operating strategies;
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statements regarding the quality of its loan and investment portfolios; and
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estimates of the risks and future costs and benefits.
These forward-looking statements are based on current beliefs and expectations and are inherently subject to significant business, economic and competitive uncertainties and contingencies, many of which are beyond the Company's control. In addition, these forward-looking statements are subject to assumptions with respect to future business strategies and decisions that are subject to change.
The following factors, among others, could cause actual results to differ materially from the anticipated results or other expectations expressed in the forward-looking statements:
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the scope, duration and severity of rising interest rate and its effects on our business and operations, our customers, including their ability to make timely payments on loans, our service providers, and on the economy and financial markets in general;
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changes in consumer spending, borrowing and savings habits;
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general economic conditions, either nationally or in the market areas, that are worse than expected;
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the Company’s ability to manage market risk, credit risk and operational risk in the current economic environment;
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changes in the level and direction of loan delinquencies and write-offs and changes in estimates of the adequacy of the allowance for loan losses;
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the ability to access cost-effective funding;
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fluctuations in real estate values and real estate market conditions;
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demand for loans and deposits in the market area;
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the Company’s ability to implement and change its business strategies;
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competition among depository and other financial institutions;
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inflation and changes in the interest rate environment that reduce the Company’s margins and yields, its mortgage banking revenues, the fair value of financial instruments or the level of loan originations, or increase the level of defaults, losses and prepayments on loans the Company have made and make;
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adverse changes in the securities or secondary mortgage markets;
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changes in laws or government regulations or policies affecting financial institutions, including changes in regulatory fees and capital requirements;
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adverse changes related to the businesses of our partners, including Grain Technologies, LLC ("Grain") specifically (as defined herein);
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changes in the quality or composition of the Company’s loan or investment portfolios;
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technological changes that may be more difficult or expensive than expected;
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the inability of third party providers to perform as expected;
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the Company’s ability to enter new markets successfully and capitalize on growth opportunities;
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the Company’s ability to successfully integrate into its operations, any assets, liabilities, customers, systems and management personnel the Company may acquire and management’s ability to realize related revenue synergies and cost savings within expected time frames, and any goodwill charges related thereto;
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changes in accounting policies and practices, as may be adopted by the bank regulatory agencies, the Financial Accounting Standards Board, the Securities and Exchange Commission or the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board;
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the Company’s ability to retain key employees;
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the Company’s compensation expense associated with equity allocated or awarded to its employees; and
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changes in the financial condition, results of operations or future prospects of issuers of securities that the Company may own.
Because of these and other uncertainties, our actual future results may be materially different from the results indicated by these forward-looking statements. The Company is under no duty to and does not assume any obligation to update any forward-looking statements after the date they are made, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.
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PART I
Item 1. Business
Ponce Financial Group, Inc.
Ponce Financial Group, Inc.,as the successor by merger with PDL Community Bancorp pursuant to the completion of the conversion and reorganization of Ponce Bank Mutual Holding Company from the mutual holding company to the stock holding companyform of organization that was effective on January 27, 2022 (hereafter referred to as “we,” “our,” “us,” “Ponce Financial Group, Inc.,” or the “Company”), is the holding company of Ponce Bank (“Ponce Bank” or the “Bank”), a federally chartered stock savings association. The Company is authorized to pursue other business activities permitted by applicable laws and regulations for savings and loan holding companies, which may include the acquisition of banking and financial services companies.
The Company’s cash flow is dependent on earnings from investments and any dividends received from Ponce Bank. Ponce Financial Group, Inc. does not own nor lease any property, but instead uses the premises, equipment and furniture of Ponce Bank. At the present time, the Company employs only persons who are officers of Ponce Bank to serve as officers of Ponce Financial Group, Inc. It uses the support staff of Ponce Bank from time to time. These persons are not separately compensated by Ponce Financial Group, Inc. Ponce Financial Group, Inc. may hire additional employees, as appropriate, to the extent it so determines in the future.
The Company’s executive office is located at 2244 Westchester Avenue, Bronx, New York 10462, and the telephone number at that address is (718) 931-9000.
Available Information
Under Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), Ponce Financial Group, Inc. is required to file annual, quarterly, and current reports, proxy statements and other information with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). The Company electronically files its annual report on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, proxy statements and other reports as required with the SEC. The SEC website, www.sec.gov, provides access to all Company filings which have been filed electronically. Additionally, the Company’s SEC filings and additional shareholders’ information are available free of charge on the Bank’s website, www.poncebank.com (within the Investor Relations section). The references to our website address and the SEC’s website address do not constitute incorporation by reference of the information contained in those websites and should not be considered part of this annual report.
The Company’s common stock is traded on The NASDAQ Stock Market, LLC under the symbol “PDLB.”
Ponce Bank
Ponce Bank is a federally-chartered stock savings association headquartered in the Bronx, New York. Ponce Bank was originally chartered in 1960 as a federally-chartered mutual savings and loan association under the name Ponce De Leon Federal Savings and Loan Association. In 1985, the Bank changed its name to “Ponce De Leon Federal Savings Bank.” In 1997, the Bank changed its name again to “Ponce De Leon Federal Bank.” In 2017, the Bank adopted its current name. The Bank is designated as a Minority Depository Institution (“MDI”) and a Community Development Financial Institution (“CDFI”) under applicable regulations and is a certified Small Business Administration (“SBA’) lender.
The Company’s business is conducted through the administrative office and 13 full service banking offices and 6 mortgage loan offices. The banking offices are located in New York City – the Bronx (4 branches), Queens (3 branches), Brooklyn (3 branches), Manhattan (2 branches) and Union City (1 branch), New Jersey. The mortgage loan offices are located in Queens (4) and Brooklyn (1), New York and Bergenfield (1), New Jersey. The Company’s primary market area currently consists of the New York City metropolitan area.
The Bank’s business primarily consists of taking deposits from the general public and investing those deposits, together with funds generated from operations and borrowings, in mortgage loans, consisting of one-to-four family residential (both investor-owned and owner-occupied), multifamily residential, nonresidential properties, construction and land, and in business and consumer loans. The Bank also invests in securities, which have historically consisted of U.S. government and federal agency securities and securities issued by government-sponsored or owned enterprises, as well as, mortgage-backed securities, corporate bonds and Federal Home Loan Bank of New York (the “FHLBNY”) stock. The Bank offers a variety of deposit accounts, including demand, savings, money markets, NOW/IOLA accounts, reciprocal deposits and certificates of deposit accounts.
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Mortgage World Bankers, Inc.
On January 26, 2022, the assets and liabilities of Mortgage World Bankers, Inc. (“Mortgage World”), a wholly owned subsidiary of PDL Community Bancorp, were transferred to the Bank. Except for the winding up of its operations, Mortgage World ceased to conduct business as a separate entity at that time. Mortgage World was a mortgage banking entity subject to the comprehensive regulation and examination of the New York State Department of Financial Services. The primary business of Mortgage World was the taking of applications from the general public for residential mortgage loans, underwriting them to investors’ standards, closing and funding them and holding them until they were sold to investors. The Company intends that the Bank will continue this mortgage banking business as a division of the Bank.
Business Strategy
The Company’s goal is to provide long-term value to our stockholders, customers, employees and the communities we serve (collectively our “stakeholders”) by executing a safe and sound business strategy that produces increasing value. The Company believes there is a significant opportunity for an immigrant community-focused, minority directed bank to provide a full range of financial services to commercial and retail customers in our market area and other similar communities.
Our current business strategy consists of the following:
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Achieve above average growth. Achieve above average growth in quality loans and deposits to support our $5 billion asset target. We aim to accomplish this goal by maximizing profitable lending in current markets and products, entering new, nearby markets to expand real estate investor loan programs and developing SBA-based business lending program to 10% of the loan portfolio. In addition, launching project "easy" to build lower cost $2.0 billion relation-based deposit portfolio and become active participant in Community Development Bankers Association-Intrafi deposit gathering program.
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Invest in technology. Invest in technology and innovation to maximize efficiencies and effectiveness, expand distribution channels and enhance customer experience by developing systematic workflow improvement processes to maximize efficiency and effectiveness across operations and launching Digital bank.
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Optimize the income statement and balance sheet. Optimize income statement and balance sheet through sound investment and financial management by building out CDFI-based regional small business lending program, increase fee-based business products and services, employ capital management tools to return value to shareholders and improve trading metrics and create formal program to optimize bank efficiency.
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Attract, develop and retain an engaged, high performing workforce. Refine performance management system to align with strategic initiatives and continue to build and leverage Ponce culture.
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Build Ponce Bank 2.0. Ensure risk management and compliance controls are aligned with strategic priorities. Evaluate and select appropriate charter to support strategy. Develop CDFI, MDI, and other government programs and expand our employees involvement in high impact programs.
For additional information related to our business strategies, see “Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Vision 2025 Evolves."
Employees and Human Capital Resources
As of December 31, 2022, the Company had 253 full time equivalent employees. None of the Company’s employees are represented by a labor union, and management considers its relationship with employees to be good. The Company believes its ability to attract and retain employees is key to its success. Accordingly, the Company strives to offer competitive salaries and employee benefits to all employees and monitors salaries and other compensation in its market area.
The Company encourages and supports the growth and development of our employees. Continual learning and career development is advanced through ongoing performance and development conversations with employees, internally developed training programs and educational reimbursement programs.
The Company is responsible for creating an equitable workplace ensuring diversity at all management levels. The Company prides itself on establishing a diverse workforce that serves our diverse customer base in the New York metro area. The Company’s inclusion and diversity program focuses on its workforce, workplace, and community. The Company believes that its business is strengthened by a diverse workforce that reflects the communities in which it operates. The Company believes that all of its team members should be treated with respect and equality, regardless of gender, ethnicity, sexual orientation, gender identity, religious beliefs, or other
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characteristics. The Company has also broadened its focus on inclusion and diversity by including social and racial equity in its conversations and equipping and empowering its team leaders with appropriate tools and training.
Market Area
The Bank is headquartered in the Bronx, New York, with a primary market in the other boroughs of New York City (excluding Staten Island) and Hudson County, New Jersey. The size and complex nature of the geographic footprint makes for diverse demographics that continue to undergo significant changes, in terms of economic, racial, ethnic and age parameters, all with potentially substantial long-term institutional ramifications.
The Bank’s primary deposit base includes a large and stable base of locally employed blue-collar workers with low-to-medium income, middle-aged, and with limited investment funds. Within the base of locally employed blue-collar workers there is a significant, and growing, portion of recently immigrated, younger, lower-skilled laborers. The influx of immigrant lower-skilled workers, however, has been hampered by the increases in rental rates in the rental housing market within the New York City metropolitan area.
Another significant customer segment of the Bank consists of middle aged and older white-collar, high-income individuals, many of whom are self-employed real estate investors and developers. They constitute a large percentage of the borrowing base of the Bank and, increasingly, are becoming the source of a significant percentage of commercial deposits.
The Bank has historically been funded through local community deposits. The Bank continues to rely primarily on community deposits from its market areas to fund investments and loans. However, the mix of community deposits now includes demand and money market funds of consumer, commercial and not-for-profit entities, with a decreasing reliance on time deposits. Additionally, the Bank has been using alternative funding sources such as brokered deposits and FHLBNY advances to support loan growth.
Competition
The Company faces significant competition within its market area both in originating loans and attracting deposits. There is a high concentration of financial institutions in the market area, including national, regional and other locally-operated commercial banks, savings banks, savings associations and credit unions whose activities include banking as well as mortgage lending. Several “mega” banks exist in the market, such as JPMorgan Chase, Citibank and Capital One, many of whom are continuing to push for retail deposits and home mortgages. A number of the Bank’s competitors offer non-deposit products and services that the Bank does not currently offer, such as trust services, private banking, insurance services and asset management. Additionally, the Company faces an increasing level of competition from non-core financial service providers that do not necessarily maintain a physical presence in the Bank’s market area, such as Radius Bank, Quicken Loans, Freedom Mortgage and many internet financial service providers. The amount of competition facing the Company is extensive and can negatively impact its growth.
The market share of bank deposits in the New York area can be difficult to quantify, as some “mega” banks will include large scale deposits from around the world as held at headquarters. However, in Bronx County, New York, where the Bank maintains four branches, it holds 1.67% (as of June 30, 2022) of the market’s deposits. This represents the Bank’s largest market share in a county-level area. The Bank continues to work to improve its market position by expanding its brand within its current market area, and building its capacity to provide more products and services to its customers.
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Lending Activities
General. The Bank’s principal lending activity is originating real estate-secured loans, including one-to-four family investor-owned and owner-occupied residential, multifamily residential, nonresidential property, construction and land loans, and commercial and industrial (“C&I”) business loans and consumer loans. It originates real estate and other loans through its loan officers, marketing efforts, customer base, walk-in customers and referrals from real estate brokers, builders and attorneys. During 2021 and 2020, the Bank focused on making SBA Paycheck Protection Program ("PPP") loans within its market area, to both customers and non-customers. Subject to market conditions and its asset-liability analysis, the Bank looks to maintain its emphasis on multifamily residential and nonresidential property loans while growing the overall loan portfolio and increasing the overall yield earned on loans.
Additionally, the Bank has entered into a partnership with Grain. Through Grain, the Bank provides a consumer line of credit using a mobile application geared nationally to the underbanked and new generations entering the financial services market that uses non-traditional underwriting methodologies. In establishing these lines of credit, the Company reserved the right to modify borrowers’ credit limits at its sole discretion. As discussed under Item 7, Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, Factors Affecting the Comparability of Results, Write-off and Write-Down of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, the Company has taken a write-off and write-down relative to these loans due to cyber-fraud experienced by Grain. The Company has requested, and Grain has agreed, that no new microloans be originated until further notice and that further extensions of credit to an existing microloan borrower only be made upon confirmation that such borrower is not fraudulent. These Grain loans are reflected in the consumer loan portfolio.
Lending activities are conducted primarily by the Bank’s salaried loan officers operating at its main and branch office locations as well as remotely. It also conducts lending activities through its subsidiary Ponce De Leon Mortgage Corporation. All loan originations are underwritten pursuant to the Bank’s policies and procedures. The Bank currently intends that substantially all of its mortgage loan originations will have adjustable interest rates. For its non-PPP business loan originations, variable rate pricing is offered based on prime rate plus a margin.
Loan Portfolio Composition. The following table sets forth the composition of the Bank’s loan portfolio by type of loan (excluding mortgage loans held for sale) at the dates indicated. Loans in process at December 31, 2022 and 2021 were $205.6 million and $118.9 million, respectively.
At December 31,
Amount Percent Amount Percent Amount Percent Amount Percent Amount Percent
(Dollars in thousands)
Mortgage loans:
1-4 family residential
Nonmortgage loans:
(1)
As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, business loans include $20.0 million and $136.8 million, respectively, of PPP loans.
(2)
As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, consumer loans include $18.2 million and $33.9 million, respectively, of microloans originated by the Bank pursuant to its arrangement with Grain.
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Loan Products Offered by the Bank. The following table provides a breakdown of the Bank’s loan portfolio by product type and principal balance outstanding at December 31, 2022, excluding mortgage loans held for sale.
Loan Type # of Loans PrincipalBalance % of Portfolio
(Dollars in thousands)
Mortgage loans:
1-4 Family residential
Construction and land
Nonmortgage loans:
Business loans
Consumer loans
(1)
Includes 27,886 microloans totaling $18.2 million which were outstanding and serviced by the Bank pursuant to its arrangement with Grain.
One-to-four Family Investor-Owned Loans. At December 31, 2022, one-to-four family investor-owned loans were $344.0 million, or 22.6% of the Bank’s total loans. Investor-owned mortgage loans secured by non-owner-occupied one-to-four family residential property represents the Bank’s second largest lending concentration. The majority of the portfolio, $301.0 million, or 87.5%, are two-to-four family properties (462 accounts), while the remaining $43.0 million, or 12.5%, are primarily single family, non-owner-occupied investment properties (89 accounts). Of the three largest loans in this category, two loans had outstanding balances of $2.9 million each and one loan had an outstanding balance of $2.8 million. In this category, loans totaling $127.2 million, or 37.0%, are secured by properties located in Queens County, $112.4 million, or 32.7%, in Kings County, $32.7 million, or 9.5%, in Bronx County, $12.9 million, or 3.8%, in New York County, $12.1 million, or 3.5%, in Westchester County, $10.2 million, or 3.0%, in Nassau County, $10.0 million, or 2.9%, in Hudson County and $7.5 million, or 2.2% in Suffolk County. The rest of this category, 5.5%, is spread out in other counties and no other concentration exceeded $5.5 million, or 1.4%.
The Bank imposes prudent underwriting guidelines in the origination of such loans, including lower maximum loan-to-value ratios (“LTVs”) of 70% on purchases and 65% on refinances, a required minimum debt service coverage ratio (“DSCR,” net operating income divided by debt service requirement) of 1.20x that must be met by either the property on a standalone basis or by the inclusion of the owner(s) as co-borrower(s). In addition, all origination of such loans currently require that the transaction exhibit a global debt service coverage ratio (net operating income divided by debt service requirement) of no less than 1.0x. This coverage ratio indicates that the owner has the capacity to support the loan along with all personal obligations. On occasion, the Bank has required that the borrower establish a cash reserve to be held at the Bank in order to provide additional security. The maximum term on such loans is 30 years, typically with five-year adjustable rates.
One-to-four family investor-owned real estate loans involve a greater degree of risk than one-to-four family owner-occupied real estate loans. Rather than depending on the borrower’s repayment ability from employment or other income, the borrower’s repayment ability is primarily dependent on ensuring that a tenant occupies the investor property and has the financial capacity to pay sufficient rent to cover the borrower’s debt. In addition, if an investor borrower has several loans secured by properties in the same market, the loans have risks similar to a multifamily real estate loan and repayment of those loans is subject to adverse conditions in the rental market or the local economy.
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One-to-four Family Owner-occupied Loans. One-to-four family owner-occupied loans totaled $134.9 million, or 8.8% of the Bank’s total loan portfolio at December 31, 2022. The three largest loans outstanding in this category had outstanding balances of $2.6 million, $2.2 million and $2.0 million. There are 28 loans with an outstanding balance in excess of $1.0 million, totaling $39.1 million, or approximately 29.0% of this category. At December 31, 2022, approximately $43.4 million, or 32.2%, of this category was secured by properties located in Queens County, $32.4 million, or 24.0%, in Kings County, $12.8 million, or 9.5%, in New York County, $12.1 million, or 8.9%, in Bronx County, $12.0 million, or 8.9%, in Nassau County and $6.1 million, or 4.5%, in Westchester County. The rest of this category, less than 12.0%, is spread out in other counties and no other concentration exceeded $3.7 million, or 2.7%.
It is the Bank’s policy to underwrite loans secured by one-to-four family owner-occupied residential real estate in a manner that ensures strict compliance with Dodd-Frank regulatory requirements. This includes underwriting only mortgages that have a debt-to-income ratio of 43% or less or that meet non-qualified mortgage standards. A qualified mortgage is presumed to meet the borrower’s ability to repay the loan. As part of this effort, the Bank employs software that tests each loan for qualified mortgage compliance. As a CDFI, the Bank is authorized to originate non-qualified mortgages. Non-qualified mortgages generally require greater down payments and have higher yields.
The Bank generally limits one-to-four family loans to a maximum loan-to-value ratio of 90% for a purchase and 80% for a refinance, based on the lower of the purchase price or appraised value. The maximum loan term is 30 years, self-amortizing. As a portfolio lender, the Bank presently does not offer a fixed-rate product. The Bank currently offers mostly 5/1 and 5/5 adjustable rate loans that adjust based on a spread ranging between 2.75% to 3.00% over the one or five-year FHLBNY rate. The maximum amount by which the interest rate may increase generally is limited to 2% for the first two adjustments and 5% for the life of the loan.
Multifamily Loans. Multifamily loans totaled $494.7 million, or 32.4% of the Bank’s total loan portfolio at December 31, 2022. Loans secured by multifamily properties represent the Bank’s largest real estate lending category. The three largest loans were $21.0 million, $17.6 million and $11.9 million. Of the total of $494.7 million in multifamily loans, 146 loans have balances in excess of $1.0 million and account for $386.3 million, or approximately 78.7%, of this lending concentration. In terms of geographical concentrations, $219.4 million, or 44.4%, are secured by properties located in Queens County, $121.8 million, or 24.3%, in Kings County, $45.1 million, or 9.1%, in Bronx County, $39.3 million, or 7.9%, in Nassau County, $30.2 million, or 6.1%, in New York County, $20.7 million, or 4.2%, in Westchester County, $8.0 million, or 1.3%, in Hudson County and $6.8 million, or 1.4%, in Bergen County. All other concentrations by county, which account for 0.7% of this category, have balances of $1.0 million or less.
Nonresidential Loans. Nonresidential loans totaled $308.0 million, or 20.2% of the Bank’s total loan portfolio at December 31, 2022. Loans secured by nonresidential properties that represent the Bank’s third largest concentration. The three largest loans were $24.8 million, $10.5 million and $10.0 million. Of the total of $308.0 million in nonresidential loans, 78 loans have balances in excess of $1.0 million and account for $246.2 million, or approximately 79.9%, of this lending concentration. In terms of geographical concentrations, $61.6 million, or 20.0%, are secured by properties located in Bronx County, $60.3 million, or 19.6%, in Kings County, $55.2 million, or 17.9%, in Queens County, $40.3 million, or 13.1%, in Nassau County, $30.9 million, or 10.0%, in New York County, $12.7 million, or 4.1%, in Westchester County, $10.8 million, or 3.5%, in Passaic county, $9.8 million, or 3.2%, in Suffolk county, $7.0 million, or 2.3%, in Marietta County and $4.9 million, or 1.6%, in Bergen county. All other concentrations by county, which account for 4.2% of this category, have balances of $3.3 million or less.
In the nonresidential portfolio, the overall mix is diverse in terms of property types, with the largest concentration being retail and wholesale at $105.3 million, or 34.2% of the portfolio, industrial and warehouse at $68.3 million, or 22.2%, offices at $44.0 million, or 14.3%, hotels and motels at $38.1 million, or 12.4%, service, doctor, dentist, daycare and schools at $22.2 million, or 7.2%, restaurants at $8.6 million, or 2.8%, churches at $8.3 million, or 2.7%, medical, nursing home and hospital at $7.8 million, or 2.5%, and the rest of the portfolio accounts for other property types, with none exceeding 1.0% as a portfolio concentration.
The Bank considers a number of factors when originating multifamily and nonresidential mortgages. Loans secured by multifamily and nonresidential real estate generally have larger balances and involve a greater degree of risk than one-to-four family residential real estate loans. The primary concern in this type of lending is the borrower’s creditworthiness and the viability and cash flow potential of the property. Payments on loans secured by income-producing properties often depend on successful operation and management of the properties. As a result, repayment of such loans may be more subject to adverse conditions in the real estate market or the economy as compared to residential real estate loans. To address the risks involved, the Bank evaluates the qualifications and financial resources of the underlying principal(s) of the borrower, including credit history, profitability and expertise, as well as the value of cash flows and condition of the property securing the loan. When evaluating the qualifications of the borrower, the Bank considers the financial resources of the borrower, the experience of the underlying principal(s) of the borrower in owning or managing similar properties and the borrower’s payment history with the Bank and other financial institutions. In evaluating the property securing the loan, the factors considered include the net operating income of the mortgaged property before debt service and depreciation, the ratio of the loan amount to the appraised value or purchase price of the mortgaged property (whichever is lower), and the debt service coverage ratio. All multifamily and nonresidential loans are supported by appraisals that conform to the Bank’s appraisal policy. The Bank generally limits the maximum LTVs on these loans to 75%, based on the lower of the purchase price or appraised value of the subject property (70% on the refinance of nonresidential properties such as retail spaces, office buildings, and warehouses) and a DSCR of 1.20%. The maximum
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loan term ranges between 25 and 30 years. As is the Bank’s general policy, the Bank offers only adjustable rates on its multifamily and nonresidential mortgages ─ with adjustments based on a spread currently ranging between 2.50% to 3.00% over the five-year FHLBNY rate.
Construction and Land Loans. Construction and land loans totaled $185.0 million, or 12.1%, of the Bank’s total loan portfolio at December 31, 2022, (43 projects), with $148.7 million consisting of multifamily residential (32 projects). In terms of geographical concentrations, $106.3 million, or 57.5%, are secured by properties located in Queens County, $20.3 million, or 11.0%, in Kings County, $17.3 million, or 9.4%, in Chestnut Hill County, $9.7 million, or 5.2%, in Bronx County, $7.0 million, or 3.8%, in Hudson county, $6.7 million, or 3.6%, in Nassau county, $6.2 million, or 3.4%, in Richmond county, $5.1 million, or 2.7%, in Suffolk county, $4.1 million, or 2.2%, in Westchester county and $2.3 million, or 1.2%, in New York County. At December 31, 2022, loans in process related to construction loans totaled $205.6 million.
The Bank’s typical construction loan has a term of up to 36 months and contains:
•
a minimum of 5% contingency;
•
a minimum of 5% retainage;
•
a loan-to-cost ratio of 70% or less;
•
an end loan loan-to-value ratio of 65% or less;
•
an interest reserve;
•
guarantees of all owners / partners / shareholders of a closely held organization owning 20% or more of company stock or entity ownership; and
•
an option to convert to a permanent mortgage loan upon completion of the project.
The Bank’s approach to the underwriting of construction loans is driven by five factors: analysis of the developer; analysis of the contractor; analysis of the project; valuation of the project; and evaluation of the source of repayment. The developer’s character, capacity and capital are analyzed to determine that the individual or entity has the ability to first complete the project and then either sell it or carry permanent financing. The general contractor is analyzed for reputation, sufficient expertise and capacity to complete the project within the allotted time. The project is analyzed in order to ensure that the project will be completed within a reasonable period of time according to the plans and specifications, and can either be sold, rented or refinanced once completed. All construction loans are supported by appraisals which conform to the Bank’s appraisal policy and affirm the value of the project both “As Is” and “As Completed.” Lastly, the Bank reviews the developer’s cash flow estimations for the project on an “As Completed” basis. These projections are compared to the appraiser’s estimates. Debt service coverage using projected rental net income must be at least 1.2x the estimated debt service when operating at stabilized levels.
Upon closing of the construction loan, the Bank begins monitoring the project and funding requisitions for completed stages upon inspection and confirmation by third party firms, such as engineers, of the work performed and its value and quality. Conversion to permanent financing usually occurs upon a conversion underwriting and receipt of certificates of occupancy, as applicable.
Construction lending involves additional risks when compared with permanent lending because funds are advanced upon the security of the project, which is of uncertain value prior to its completion. Because of the uncertainties inherent in estimating construction costs, as well as the market value of the completed project and the effects of governmental regulation of real property, it is relatively difficult to evaluate accurately the total funds required to complete a project and the related loan-to-value ratio. In addition, during the term of our construction loans, no payment from the borrower is required since the accumulated interest is added to the principal of the loan through an interest reserve. As a result of these uncertainties, construction lending often involves the disbursement of substantial funds, with repayment dependent, in part, on the success of the ultimate project rather than the ability of a borrower or guarantor to repay the loan. If we are forced to foreclose on a project prior to completion, there is no assurance that we will be able to recover the entire unpaid portion of the loan. In addition, we may be required to fund additional amounts to complete a project, and it may be necessary to hold the property for an indeterminate period of time subject to the regulatory limitations imposed by local, state or federal laws. Loans on land under development or held for future construction also pose additional risk because of the lack of income being produced by the property and the potential illiquid nature of the collateral.
C&I Loans and Lines of Credit. C&I loans (excluding PPP loans) and lines of credit represent 2.6% of the Bank’s total loan portfolio at December 31, 2022. Unlike real estate loans, which are secured by real property, and whose collateral value tends to be more easily ascertainable, commercial and industrial loans are of higher risk and typically are made on the basis of the borrower’s ability to make repayment from the cash flow of the borrower’s business. The collateral, such as accounts receivable, securing these loans may fluctuate in value.
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Although the Bank’s loan policy allows for the extension of secured and unsecured financing, the Bank usually seeks to obtain collateral when in initial discussions with potential borrowers. Unsecured credit facilities are made only to strong borrowers that possess established track records with the Bank (or come highly recommended) and are supported by guarantors. Guarantees are required of any individual or entity owning or controlling 20% or more of the borrowing entity, with exceptions requiring approval from the Board of Directors. When credits are not secured by a specific lien on an asset, the Bank usually requires a general lien on all business assets as evidenced by a UCC filing. Pricing is typically based on the Wall Street Journal prime rate plus a spread driven by risk-rating variables.
Underwriters are required to identify at least two sources of repayment, usually recommend that loans contain covenants, such as minimum debt service coverage ratios, minimum global debt service coverage ratios, maximum leverage ratios, 30-day “cleanups” or “clean-downs,” as applicable, and must require periodic financial reporting. In addition, every effort is made to set up borrowers with auto-debit for loan payments and strongly encourage them to maintain operating accounts at the Bank.
Lines of credit are typically short-term facilities (12 months) that are provided for occasional or seasonal needs. They are extended to only qualifying borrowers who have established cash flow from operations and a clean credit history. At a minimum, a bi-annual 30-day clean-up, or 75% bi-annual pay-down period is required, although annually is preferred. A clean-up period generally is not required on amortizing secured lines. Guarantors, which are usually required, must have clean credit histories and a substantial outside net worth. Most lines contain an option to convert to a term loan upon maturity.
Secured term loans are long-term facilities extended typically for the purpose of financing the purchase of a long term asset. At a minimum, they will be collateralized by the asset being purchased. They may also be secured by an existing long term business asset or outside collateral pledged by the guarantor or borrower. Unsecured term loans are usually extended only to well-known borrowers who have established strong cash flow from operations and a clean credit history. Although Bank policy allows term loans for up to ten years, the preference is to offer self-amortizing term loans based on a term of no more than five-to-seven years.
Paycheck Protection Program. The Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (“CARES Act”) appropriated $349.0 billion for the PPP. On April 24, 2020, the PPP received another $310.0 billion in funding. On December 27, 2020, the Economic Aid to Hard-Hit Small Businesses, Nonprofits and Venues Act (the “Economic Aid Act”) appropriated another $284 billion for both first and second draw PPP loans bringing the total appropriations for PPP loans to $943.0 billion. The PPP ended on May 31, 2021. PPP loans that meet SBA requirements may be forgiven in certain circumstances, are fully guaranteed by the SBA, have an initial term of up to five years and earn interest at rate of 1%. The Bank continues to expect a significant portion of these loans will ultimately be forgiven by the SBA in accordance with the terms of the program. Over the course of the PPP, the Bank originated a total of 5,340 PPP loans in the amount of $261.4 million. As of December 31, 2022, the Bank had 71 PPP loans outstanding totaling $20.0 million, or 1.3% of total loans.As of December 31, 2022, these loans had resulted in $11.7 million in deferred loan fees to be recognized over the life of the respective loans. Of this amount, $11.6 million has been recognized as processing fee income and $0.1 million remains to be recognized over the remaining life of the respective loans.
Consumer Loans.Consumer loans generally have higher interest rates than mortgage loans. The risk involved in consumer loans fluctuates based on the type and nature of the collateral and, in certain cases, the absence of collateral. Consumer loans include passbook loans and other secured and unsecured loans that have been made for a variety of consumer purposes. As of December 31, 2022, there were $19.1 million, or 1.3% of total loans, in unsecured consumer loans, of which $18.2 million comprised of 27,886 individual loans were outstanding and are held by the Bank pursuant to its arrangement with Grain. In addition, there were $0.5 million in loans with passbook collateral.
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Loan Originations, Purchases and Sales. The following table sets forth the Bank’s loan originations, sales, purchases and principal repayment activities, excluding mortgage loans held for sale, during the periods indicated.
For the Years Ended December 31,
(in thousands)
Loans originated:
Mortgage loans:
1-4 family residential
Nonmortgage loans:
Loans purchased:
Mortgage loans:
1-4 family residential
Investor-owned — 5,845 — — —
Multifamily residential — 5,540 — — —
Total loans purchased — 11,385 — — —
Loans sold:
Mortgage loans:
1-4 family residential
Owner-occupied (311 ) — — — (2,502 )
Construction and land (5,734 ) (3,500 ) — — —
(1)
For the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, business loans originated include $117.3 million and $85.3 million, respectively, of PPP loans. There were no PPP loans originated for the year ended December 31, 2022.
(2)
For the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, consumer loans originated include $3.2 million, $59.3 million and $29.5 million, respectively, of microloans pursuant to the Bank’s arrangement with Grain. No new loans were made by the Company after May 31, 2022.
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Contractual Maturities. The following table sets forth the contractual maturities of the Bank’s total loan portfolio, excluding mortgage loans held for sale, at December 31, 2022. Demand loans, loans having no stated repayment schedule or maturity, and overdraft loans are reported as being due in one year or less. The table presents contractual maturities and does not reflect repricing or the effect of prepayments. Actual maturities may differ.
(in thousands)
Mortgage loans:
1-4 family residential
Nonmortgage loans:
(1)
Includes $20.0 million of PPP loans at December 31, 2022.
(2)
Includes $18.2 million of loans which were outstanding and serviced by the Bank pursuant to its arrangement with Grain at December 31, 2022.
The following table sets forth the Bank’s fixed and adjustable-rate loans at December 31, 2022 that are contractually due after December 31, 2023.
Fixed Adjustable Total
(in thousands)
Mortgage loans:
1-4 family residential
Nonmortgage loans:
(1)
Includes $20.0 million of PPP loans at December 31, 2022.
(2)
Includes $18.2 million of microloans which were outstanding and serviced by the Bank pursuant to its arrangement with Grain at December 31, 2022.
Loan Approval Procedures and Authority. The Bank’s total loans or extensions of credit to a single borrower or group of related borrowers cannot exceed, with specified exemptions, 15% of its total regulatory capital. The Bank’s lending limit as of December 31, 2022 was $71.5 million, with the ability to lend additional amounts up to 10% if the loans or extensions of credit are fully secured by readily-marketable collateral. At December 31, 2022, the Bank complied with these loans-to-one borrower limitations.
At December 31, 2022, the Bank’s largest aggregate exposure to one borrower was $44.0 million with an outstanding balance of $8.5 million. The second and third largest exposures were $35.0 million and $28.0 million with outstanding balances of $10.3 million and $0.9 million, respectively. No other loan or loans-to-one borrower, individually or cumulatively, exceeded $25.0 million, or 35.0% of the lending limit.
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The Bank’s real estate lending is subject to written policies, underwriting standards and operating procedures. Decisions on loan requests are made on the basis of detailed applications submitted by the prospective borrower, credit histories that the Bank obtains and property valuations, consistent with the appraisal policy. The appraisals are prepared by outside independent licensed appraisers and reviewed by third parties, all approved by the Board of Directors. The Loan Committee usually reviews appraisals in considering a loan application. The performance of the appraisers is also subject to internal evaluations using scorecards and are assessed periodically. The loan applications are designed primarily to determine the borrower’s ability to repay the requested loan, and all information provided with the application and checklists provided as part of the application package are evaluated by the loan underwriting department.
The real estate lending approval process starts with the processing of the application package, which is reviewed for completeness and then all necessary agency reports are ordered. Upon initial review and preparation of preliminary documents by the processors in the underwriting department, the file is assigned to an underwriter. The underwriters are responsible for presenting the loan request along with a recommendation, to the Loan Committee, and to the Board of Directors when the credit exposure is greater than the Loan Committee’s authority or there are exceptions to the loan policy. If approved, closed and booked, the loan reviewers then undertake the responsibility of monitoring the credit file for the life of the loan by assessing the borrower’s creditworthiness periodically, given certain criteria and following certain operating procedures. An independent third party also performs loan reviews following similar criteria and scope under the oversight of the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors.
The Bank’s non-real estate lending is also subject to written policies, underwriting standards and operating procedures. Decisions on these loans requests are made on the basis of applications submitted by the prospective borrowers credit histories that the Bank obtains where applicable, borrower cash flows, as obtained directly from bank statements and predictive algorithms based on expected cash flows. Certain of these loans maybe wholly or partly collateralized by cash or business assets.
Mortgage Loans Held for Sale, at Fair Value. At December 31, 2022 and 2021, Mortgage World loans held for sale, at fair value, was $2.0 million and $15.8 million, respectively, included residential mortgages that were originated in accordance with secondary market pricing and underwriting standards. Mortgage World’s intent was to sell these loans on the secondary market.
Delinquencies and Non-Performing Assets
Delinquency Procedures. Collection efforts commence the day following the grace period, normally on the 17th of the month. Those loans that have experienced sporadic late payments over the previous 12 months are reviewed with a greater degree of diligence. Late notices are generated and distributed on the 17th and 30th day of the month. The Collection Department pursues collection efforts up until the 90th day past due. At that time, the Bank usually will initiate legal proceedings for collection or foreclosure unless it is in the best interest of the Bank to work further with the borrower to arrange a suitable workout plan.
Prior to acquiring property through foreclosure proceedings, the Bank will obtain an updated appraisal to determine the fair market value and proceed with net adjustments according to accounting principles. Board of Directors approval is required to pursue a foreclosure.
For the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Bank collected $0.1 million and $0.1 million, respectively, of interest income on non-accruing troubled debt restructured loans, of which $0.01 million and $0.01 million, respectively, was recognized into income. The remaining interest collected on non-accruing troubled debt restructured loans for these periods was applied as a principal reduction for the remaining life of the loan, or until the loan is deemed performing.
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Delinquent Loans. The following table sets forth the Bank’s loan delinquencies, including non-accrual loans, by type and amount at the dates indicated.
At December 31,
(in thousands)
Mortgages:
1-4 Family residential
Construction and land — 4,100 7,567 — — — — — —
Nonmortgage Loans: — — —
At December 31,
(in thousands)
Mortgages:
1-4 Family residential
Multifamily residential 3,921 — — 995 — —
Construction and land — — — — — —
Nonmortgage Loans:
Business — — — 292 — —
Consumer — — — — — —
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Non-Performing Assets. The following table sets forth information regarding non-performing assets excluding mortgage loans held for sale at fair value. Non-performing assets are comprised of non-accrual loans and non-accrual troubled debt restructured loans. There was no other real estate owned at the dates indicated. Non-accrual loans include non-accruing troubled debt restructured loans of $2.3 million, $2.5 million, $3.1 million, $3.6 million, and $3.6 million at December 31, 2022, 2021, 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively. There were no accruing loans past due 90 days or more at the dates indicated.
At December 31,
(in thousands)
Nonaccrual loans:
Mortgage loans:
1-4 family residential
Nonmortgage loans:
Business — — — — —
Consumer — — — — —
Non-accruing troubled debt restructured loans:
Mortgage loans:
1-4 family residential
Multifamily residential — — — — —
Construction and land — — — — —
Nonmortgage loans:
Business — — — — —
Consumer — — — — —
Accruing troubled debt restructured loans:
Mortgage loans:
1-4 family residential
Multifamily residential — — — — —
Construction and land — — — — —
Nonmortgage loans:
Consumer — — — — —
Total nonperforming assets to total assets 0.59 % 0.69 % 0.86 % 1.10 % 0.64 %
Classified Assets.Federal regulations provide for the classification of loans and other assets, such as debt and equity securities, considered by the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (“OCC”) to be of lesser quality, as “substandard,” “doubtful” or “loss.” An asset is considered “substandard” if it is inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any. “Substandard” assets include those characterized by the “distinct possibility” that the Bank will sustain “some loss” if the deficiencies are not corrected. Assets classified as “doubtful” have all of the weaknesses inherent in those classified “substandard,” with the added characteristic that the weaknesses present make “collection or liquidation in full,” on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions, and values, “highly questionable and improbable.” Assets classified as “loss” are those considered “uncollectible” and of such little value that their continuance as assets without the establishment of a specific loss allowance is not warranted. Assets which do not currently expose the Bank to sufficient risk to warrant classification in one of the aforementioned categories but possess weaknesses are designated as “special mention” by our management.
Under OCC regulations, when an insured institution classifies problem assets as either substandard or doubtful, it may establish general allowances in an amount deemed prudent by management to cover probable accrued losses. General allowances represent loss allowances which have been established to cover probable accrued losses associated with lending activities, but which, unlike specific allowances, have not been allocated to particular problem assets. When an insured institution classifies problem assets as “loss,” it is required either to establish a specific allowance for losses equal to 100% of that portion of the asset so classified or to charge-off such amount. An institution’s determination as to the classification of its assets and the amount of its valuation allowances is subject to review by the regulatory authorities, which may require the establishment of additional general or specific loss allowances.
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In connection with the filing of the Bank’s periodic reports with the OCC and in accordance with its classification of assets policy, it regularly reviews the loans in its portfolio to determine whether any loans require classification in accordance with applicable regulations.
On the basis of this review of loans, the Bank’s classified and special mention loans at the dates indicated were as follows:
At December 31,
(in thousands)
Classified Loans:
Substandard loans increased $4.2 million, or 24.1%, to $21.5 million at December 31, 2022 compared to $17.3 million at December 31, 2021. The increase of substandard loans was primarily attributable to increase of $10.8 million in construction and land loans, offset by decreases of $3.3 million in multifamily loans, $2.2 million in nonresidential loans and $1.1 million in 1-4 family loans.
Special mention loans decreased $4.1 million, or 29.4%, to $9.7 million at December 31, 2022 compared to $13.8 million at December 31, 2021. The decrease was primarily attributable to decreases of $6.7 million in construction and land loans and $3.9 million in multifamily loans, offset by an increase of $5.9 in 1-4 family loans and $0.6 million in nonresidential loans.
Troubled Debt Restructured Loans.The Bank occasionally modifies loans to help borrowers stay current on their loans and to avoid foreclosure. The Bank considers modifications only after analyzing a borrower’s current repayment capacity, evaluating the strength of any guarantors based on documented current financial information, and assessing the current value of any collateral pledged. The Bank generally does not forgive principal or interest on loans, but may do so if it is in its best interest and increases the likelihood that it can collect the remaining principal balance. The Bank may modify the terms of loans to lower interest rates, which may be at below market rates, to provide for fixed interest rates on loans where fixed rates are otherwise not available, or to provide for interest-only terms. These modifications are made only when there is a reasonable and attainable workout plan that has been agreed to by the borrower and is in the Bank’s best interests.
At December 31, 2022, there were 23 loans modified as troubled debt restructured loans totaling $6.6 million. Of these, five troubled debt restructured loans, totaling $2.3 million, were included in non-accrual loans and the remaining 18 troubled debt restructured loans, totaling $4.2 million, had been performing in accordance with their modified terms for a minimum of six months since the date of restructuring and are accruing interest.
At December 31, 2021, there were 30 loans modified as troubled debt restructured loans totaling $8.7 million. Of these, sixtroubled debt restructured loans totaling $2.5 million were included in non-accrual loans and the remaining 24 troubled debt restructured loans, totaling $6.2 million, had been performing in accordance with their modified terms for a minimum of six months since the date of restructuring.
For the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, there were no loans modified to troubled debt restructured.
Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses
The Bank has approved and maintained an appropriate, systematic and consistently applied process to determine the dollar amounts of the allowance for loan and lease losses (“ALLL”) that is adequate to absorb inherent losses in the loan portfolio and other held financial instruments. An inherent loss, as defined by U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (“GAAP”), and applicable banking regulations, is an unconfirmed loss that probably exists based on the information that is available as of the evaluation date. It is not a loss that may arise from events that might occur as a result of a possible future event. Arriving at an appropriate allowance involves a high degree of management’s judgment, is inevitably imprecise, and results in a range of possible losses.
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The determination of the dollar amounts of the ALLL is based on management’s current judgments about the credit quality of the loan portfolio taking into consideration all known relevant internal and external factors that affect loan payments at the end of each month. The dollar amounts reported each month for the ALLL are reviewed at least quarterly by the Board of Directors. To ensure that the methodology remains appropriate for the Bank, the Board of Directors periodically has the methodology validated externally and causes revisions to be made when appropriate. The Audit Committee of the Board of Directors oversees and monitors the internal controls over the ALLL determination process. The Bank adheres to a safe and sound banking practice by maintaining, analyzing, and supporting an adequate ALLL in accordance with GAAP and supervisory guidance.
The Bank’s ALLL methodology consists of a system designed and implemented to estimate loan and lease losses. The Bank’s ALLL methodology incorporates management’s current judgments about the credit quality of the loan and lease portfolio through a disciplined and consistently applied process.
The Bank’s loan policy requires the following when the Bank calculates the level of ALLL:
•
All loans shall be taken into consideration in the ALLL methodology whether on an individual or group basis.
•
The Bank shall identify all loans to be evaluated for impairment on an individual basis under ASC 310 and segment the remainder of the loan portfolio into groups (pools) of loans with similar risk characteristics for evaluation and analysis under ASC 450.
•
All known relevant internal and external factors that may affect the collection of the loan shall be taken into consideration.
•
All known relevant internal and external factors that may affect loan collectability shall be considered and applied consistently; however, when appropriate, these factors may be modified for new factors affecting loan collectability.
•
The particular risks inherent in different kinds of lending shall be taken into consideration.
•
The current collateral values, less the costs to sell, shall be taken into consideration when applicable.
•
The Bank shall require that competent and well-trained personnel perform the analysis, estimates, reviews and other ALLL methodology functions.
•
The ALLL methodology shall be based on current and reliable information.
•
The ALLL methodology shall be well documented, in writing, with clear explanations of the supporting analyses and rationale.
•
The ALLL methodology shall include a systematic and logical method to consolidate the loss estimates and ensure the ALLL balance is recorded in accordance with GAAP.
Loan pools with similar risk characteristics. Loss histories are the starting point for the calculation of ALLL balances. Loss histories are calculated for each of the pools by aggregating the historical losses less recoveries within the respective pools and annualizing the number over the determined length of time. The length of time may vary according to the relevance of past periods’ experience to the current period, among other considerations. The Bank currently uses a prior twelve quarter rolling average for its historical loss rates.
Each pool’s historical loss rate is adjusted for the effects of the qualitative or environmental factors. The factors analyzed include:
•
Changes in lending policies and procedures, including changes in underwriting standards and collection, charge-off, and recovery practices.
•
Changes in international, national, regional, and local economic and business conditions and developments that affect the collectability of the portfolio, including the condition of various market segments.
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•
Changes in the nature and volume of the portfolio and in the terms of loans.
•
Changes in the experience, ability and depth of lending management and other relevant staff.
•
Changes in the volume and severity of past due loans, the volume of nonaccrual loans, and the volume and severity of adversely classified or graded loans.
•
Changes in the quality of the Bank’s loan review system.
•
Changes in the value of underlying collateral for collateral-dependent loans.
•
The existence and effect of any concentration of credit, and changes in the level of such concentrations.
•
The effect of other external factors such as competition and legal and regulatory requirements on the level of estimated credit losses in the Bank’s existing portfolio.
The Bank utilizes a risk-based approach to determine the appropriate adjustments for each qualitative factor. A matrix containing definitions of low, medium, and high-risk levels is used to assess the individual factors to determine their respective directional characteristics. These risk levels serve as the foundation for determining the individual adjustments for each factor for each pool of loans.
The qualitative factor adjustments are supported by applicable reports, graphs, articles and any other relevant information to evidence and document management’s judgment as to the respective levels of risk and adjustment requirements.
Each of the qualitative adjustment factors is applied to each of the loan pools to reflect adjustments that increase or decrease the historical loss rates applied to each loan pool. Each of these adjustment factors is individually supported and justified, and a discrete narrative for each loan pool reflects current information, events, circumstances and conditions influencing the adjustment. The narratives include descriptions of each factor, management’s analysis of how each factor has changed over time, which loan pool’s loss rates have been adjusted, the amount by which loss estimates have been adjusted for changes in conditions, an explanation of how management estimated the impact, and other available data that support the reasonableness of the adjustments.
Once these qualitative adjustment factors are determined for each pool of loans, they are added to the historical loss numbers for each corresponding pool of loans to arrive at a loss factor for each pool based on historical loss experience and qualitative or environmental influences. These loss factors are adjusted to appropriately reflect the respective risk rating categories within each pool by applying the weighting factors described above to those loans within the respective pool’s risk rates.
The series of calculations described above can be expressed as the following equation:
[(H*P) + (Q*P)] = R, where
H = Historical loss factor for the pool
Q = Qualitative/Environmental aggregate adjustment for the pool
P = Total loans within the pool
R = Required reserve amount for the risk rating category within the pool
Specific allowances for identified problem loans. The Bank considers a loan to be impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable that the Bank will be unable to collect the scheduled payments of principal or interest when due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. All troubled debt restructured loans and loans on non-accrual status are deemed to be impaired. A specific valuation allowance is established for the impairment amount of each loan, calculated using the present value of expected cash flows, observable market price, or the fair value of the collateral, in accordance with the most likely means of recovery.
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Factors evaluated in determining impairment include payment status, collateral value, and the probability of collecting scheduled principal and interest payments when due. Loans that experience insignificant payment delays and payment shortfalls generally are not classified as impaired. The Bank determines the significance of payment delays and payment shortfalls on a case-by-case basis, taking into consideration all of the circumstances surrounding the loan and the borrower, including the length of the delay, the reasons for the delay, the borrower’s prior payment record, and the amount of the shortfall in relation to the principal and interest owed.
An unallocated component may be maintained to cover uncertainties that could affect our estimate of probable losses. The unallocated component of the allowance reflects the margin of imprecision inherent in the underlying assumptions used in the methodologies for estimating allocated and general reserves in the portfolio.
Validation of the ALLL. The Bank considers its ALLL methodology valid when it accurately estimates the amount of probable loss contained in the loan portfolio. The Bank has employed procedures, including the following, when validating the reasonableness of its ALLL methodology and determining whether there may be deficiencies in its overall methodology or loan grading process:
•
A review of trends in loan volume, delinquencies, loan restructurings and concentrations.
•
A review of previous charge-offs and recovery history, including an evaluation of the timeliness of the entries to record both the charge-offs and the recoveries.
•
At a minimum, an annual review by a third party that is independent of the ALLL estimation process.
•
An evaluation of the appraisal process of the underlying collateral.
The Bank supports the independent validation process with the work papers from the ALLL review function and may include the summary findings of an independent reviewer. The Board reviews the findings and acknowledges its review in the minutes of its meeting. If the methodology is changed based upon the findings of the validation process, the documentation that describes and supports the changes is maintained.
As an integral part of its examination process, the OCC will periodically review the Bank’s allowance for loan losses. Following such review, the Bank may determine that it is appropriate to recognize additions to the allowance based on its judgment and information available to it at the time of such examination.
Current expected credit losses. On June 16, 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standard Update 2016-13, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326), Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, the current expected credit losses (“CECL”) standard. In October 2019, the FASB voted to defer implementation of the standard for non-public business entities and smaller reporting companies, such as the Company, to fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022. In response to the new model, the Bank has reassessed its risk management policies and procedures in order for it to successfully implement CECL.
The Company has evaluated the amended guidance including the potential impact on its consolidated financial statements. As a result of the required change in approach toward determining estimated credit losses from the current “incurred loss” model to one based on estimated cash flows over a loan’s contractual life, adjusted for prepayments (a “life of loan” model), the Company expects that the new guidance might result in a decrease in the allowance for loan losses, particularly for longer duration loan portfolios. The project team meets on a regular basis to determine the approach for implementation. This includes assessing the adequacy of existing loan and loss data, assessing models for default and loss estimates, conducting limited trial runs and analytical review through December 31, 2022, and to complete independent model valuation and documentation of processes and controls in the first quarter of 2023. Upon adoption, the Company anticipates that it would decrease the allowance to approximately $31.5 million for the loan portfolio and add a $0.7 million allowance for the held-to-maturity securities portfolio.
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The following table sets forth activity in the allowance for loan losses for the periods indicated.
For the Years Ended December 31,
(Dollars in thousands)
Charge-offs:
Mortgage loans:
1-4 family residential
Investor-owned — — — (8 ) —
Owner-occupied — — — — —
Multifamily residential — (38 ) — — —
Nonresidential properties — — — — —
Construction and land — — — — —
Nonmortgage loans:
Business — — — (724 ) (34 )
Recoveries:
Mortgage loans:
1-4 family residential
Multifamily residential — — — — —
Nonresidential properties — — 4 9 9
Construction and land — — — — —
Nonmortgage loans:
(1)
At December 31, 2022 and 2021, includes $6.7 million and $1.2 million of charge-offs and $0.6 million and $0.01 million of recoveries related to loans associated with Grain, respectively.
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Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses. The following table sets forth the allowance for loan and lease losses by loan category and the percent of the allowance in each category to the total allowance at the dates indicated. The allowance for loan and lease losses of each category is not necessarily indicative of future losses in any particular category and does not restrict the use of the allowance to absorb losses in other categories.
At December 31,
(Dollars in thousands)
Mortgage loans:
1-4 family residential
Nonmortgage loans:
At December 31,
(Dollars in thousands)
Mortgage loans:
1-4 family residential
Nonmortgage loans:
At December 31, 2022, the allowance for loan and lease losses represented 2.27% of total gross loans and 252.33% of nonperforming loans compared to 1.24% of total loans and 142.90% of nonperforming loans at December 31, 2021. The allowance for loan and lease losses increased to $34.6 million at December 31, 2022 from $16.4 million at December 31, 2021, of which $15.4 million related to Grain. There were $5.8 million and $1.2 million in net charge-offs during the year ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.
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Although the Bank believes that it uses the best information available to establish the ALLL, future adjustments to the allowance may be necessary and results of operations could be adversely affected if circumstances differ substantially from the assumptions used in making the determinations. Furthermore, although the Bank believes that it has established the ALLL in conformity with GAAP, after a review of the loan portfolio by regulators, the Bank may determine it is appropriate to increase the ALLL. In addition, because future events affecting borrowers and collateral cannot be predicted with certainty, the existing ALLL may not be adequate and increases may be necessary should the quality of any loan or lease deteriorate as a result of the factors discussed above. Any material increase in the ALLL may adversely affect the Bank’s financial condition and results of operations.
Investment Activities
General. The Bank’s investment policy was adopted and is reviewed annually by the Board of Directors. The Chief Financial Officer (designated as the Chief Investment Officer) will plan and execute investment strategies consistent with the policies approved by the Board of Directors. The Chief Financial Officer provides an investment schedule detailing the investment portfolio which is reviewed at least quarterly by the Bank’s asset-liability committee and the Board of Directors.
The current investment policy permits, with certain limitations, investments in United States Treasury securities; securities issued by the U.S. government and its agencies or government-sponsored enterprises including mortgage-backed and collateralized mortgage obligations (“CMO”) issued by Fannie Mae, Ginnie Mae and Freddie Mac; and corporate bonds and obligations, and certificates of deposit in other financial institutions.
At December 31, 2022 and 2021, the investment portfolio consisted of available-for-sale and held-to-maturity securities and obligations issued by the U.S. government and government-sponsored enterprises, corporate bonds and the FHLBNY stock. At December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Bank owned $24.7 million and $6.0million, respectively, of FHLBNY stock. As a member of FHLBNY, the Bank is required to purchase stock from the FHLBNY which is carried at cost and classified as restricted equity securities.
Securities Portfolio Composition. The following table sets forth the amortized cost and estimated fair value of the available-for-sale and held-to-maturity securities portfolios at the dates indicated, which consisted of U.S. government and federal agencies, corporate bonds, pass-through mortgage-backed securities and certificates of deposit.
At December 31,
(Dollars in thousands)
Available-for-Sale Securities:
Mortgage-Backed Securities
Held-to-Maturity Securities:
U.S. Agency Bonds $ 35,000 $ 34,620 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ —
Mortgage-Backed Securities:
Collateralized Mortgage Obligations (1) 235,479 230,113 — — — — — — — —
(1)
Comprised of Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (“FHLMC”), Federal National Mortgage Association (“FNMA”) and Ginnie Mae (“GNMA”) issued securities.
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During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company invested primarily in held-to-maturity securities utilizing the $225.0 million the Company received from the issuance of preferred stock to the U.S. Treasury pursuant to its Emergency Capital Investment Program and from cash received from deposits made by its customers.
At December 31, 2022 and 2021, there were no securities of which the amortized cost or estimated value exceeded 10% of total equity.
Mortgage-Backed Securities. At December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Bank had mortgage-backed securities with a carrying value of $516.5 million and $91.9million, respectively. Mortgage-backed securities are securities issued in the secondary market that are collateralized by pools of mortgages. Certain types of mortgage-backed securities are commonly referred to as “pass through” certificates because the underlying loans are “passed through” to investors, net of certain costs, including servicing and guarantee fees. Mortgage-backed securities typically are collateralized by pools of one-to-four family residential or multifamily residential mortgages, although the Bank invests primarily in mortgage-backed securities backed by one-to-four family residential mortgages. The issuers of such securities sell the participation interests to investors such as the Bank. The interest rate of the security is lower than the interest rates of the underlying loans to allow for payment of servicing and guaranty fees. All of the Bank’s mortgage-backed securities are backed by Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae, which are government-sponsored enterprises, or Ginnie Mae, which is a government-owned enterprise.
Residential mortgage-backed securities issued by U.S. government agencies and government-sponsored enterprises are more liquid than individual mortgage loans because there is an active trading market for such securities. In addition, residential mortgage-backed securities may be used to collateralize borrowings. Investments in residential mortgage-backed securities involve a risk that actual payments will be greater or less than the prepayment rate estimated at the time of purchase, which may require adjustments to the amortization of any premium or accretion of any discount relating to such interests, thereby affecting the net yield on the securities. Current prepayment speeds determine whether prepayment estimates require modification that could cause amortization or accretion adjustments.
Portfolio Maturities and Yields. The composition and maturities of the investment securities portfolio at December 31, 2022 are summarized in the following table. Maturities are based on the final contractual payment dates, and do not reflect the effect of scheduled principal repayments, prepayments, or early redemptions that may occur. Adjustable-rate mortgage-backed securities are included in the period in which interest rates are next scheduled to adjust.
(Dollars in thousands)
Available-for-Sale Securities:
Mortgage-Backed Securities
Held-to-Maturity Securities:
Mortgage-Backed Securities
(1)
Comprised of Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation ("FHLMC"), Federal National Mortgage Association ("FNMA") and Ginnie Mae ("GNMA") issued securities.
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Sources of Funds
General. Deposits have traditionally been the Bank’s primary source of funds for use in lending and investment activities. The Bank receives funds from large deposits made from corporations, nonprofits, and large banks. The Bank also uses borrowings, primarily from the FHLBNY, brokered and listing service deposits, and unsecured lines of credit with correspondent banks, to supplement cash flow needs, lengthen the maturities of liabilities for interest rate risk and manage the cost of funds. In addition, the Bank receives funds from scheduled loan payments, investment principal and interest payments, maturities and calls, loan prepayments and income on earning assets. Although scheduled loan payments and income on earning assets are relatively stable sources of funds, deposit inflows and outflows can vary widely and are influenced by prevailing interest rates, market conditions and levels of competition.
Deposits. Deposits are generated primarily from the Bank’s primary market area. The Bank offers a selection of deposit accounts, including demand accounts, NOW/IOLA accounts, money market accounts, reciprocal deposits, savings accounts and certificates of deposit to individuals, business entities, non-profit organizations and individual retirement accounts. Deposit account terms vary, with the primary differences being the minimum balance required, the amount of time the funds must remain on deposit and the interest rate.
Interest rates paid, maturity terms, service fees and premature withdrawal penalties are established on a periodic basis. Deposit rates and terms are based primarily on current operating strategies and market rates, liquidity requirements, rates paid by competitors and growth goals. The Bank relies upon personalized customer service, long-standing relationships with customers and the favorable image of the Bank in the community to attract and retain deposits. The Bank also provides a fully functional electronic banking platform, including mobile applications, remote deposit capture and online bill pay, among others, as a service to retail and business customers.
The flow of deposits is influenced significantly by general economic conditions, changes in money market and other prevailing interest rates and competition. The ability to attract and maintain these and other interest-bearing deposits, and the rates paid on them, have been, and will continue to be, significantly affected by competition and economic and market conditions.
The following table sets forth the average balance and weighted average rate of deposits for the periods indicated.
For the Years Ended December 31,
(Dollars in thousands)
Deposit type:
(1)
For the year ended December 31, 2021, includes $122.0 million of liabilities related to the deposit of funds for subscriptions for the Company’s common stock in connection with its second-step conversion.
The following table sets forth deposit activities for the periods indicated.
At or For the Years Ended December 31,
(in thousands)
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The following table sets forth certificates of deposit classified by interest rate as of the dates indicated.
At December 31,
(in thousands)
Interest Rate:
The following table sets forth the amount and maturities of certificates of deposit by interest rate at December 31, 2022.
Period to Maturity
(Dollars in thousands)
Interest Rate Range:
At December 31, 2022, the aggregate amount of all certificates of deposit in amounts greater than or equal to $100,000 was $212.7 million. The following table sets forth the maturity of those certificates as of December 31, 2022.
At December 31,
Maturity Period: (in thousands)
Three months or less $ 46,383
Over three months through six months 33,609
Over six months through one year 72,962
Over one year to three years 45,143
At December 31, 2022, certificates of deposit equal to or greater than $250,000 totaled $70.1 million of which $48.7 million matures on or before December 31, 2023. At December 31, 2022, passbook savings accounts and certificates of deposit with a passbook feature totaled $130.0 million, reflecting depositors’ preference for traditional banking services.
Borrowings. The Bank may obtain advances from the FHLBNY by pledging as security its capital stock at the FHLBNY and certain of its mortgage loans and mortgage-backed securities. Such advances may be made pursuant to several different credit programs, each of which has its own interest rate and range of maturities. To the extent such borrowings have different terms to repricing than the Bank’s deposits, they can change the Bank’s interest rate risk profile. At December 31, 2022 and 2021 the Bank had $517.4 million and $106.3 million of outstanding FHLBNY advances, respectively. Additionally, the Bank has two unsecured lines of credit in the amount of $90.0 million and $25.0 million with two correspondent banks, under which there was nothing outstanding at December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The Bank also had a guarantee from the FHLBNY through letters of credit in an amount of up to $21.5 million each at December 31, 2022 and 2021.
Warehouse Line of Credit. Mortgage World had maintained two warehouse lines of credit with financial institutions for the purpose of funding the originations and sale of residential mortgages. One of the warehouse line of credit had an unused line of credit of 10.0 million at December 31, 2022 and was terminated on February 7, 2023. The other warehouse line of credit was terminated on March 31, 2022. These loans are now funded by the Bank.
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The following table sets forth information concerning balances and interest rates on borrowings at the dates and for the periods indicated.
At or For the Years
December 31,
(Dollars in thousands)
FHLBNY Advances:
Weighted average interest rate during the period 3.00 % 2.02 % 2.03 %
Weighted average interest rate at the end of the period 3.90 % 2.02 % 1.90 %
Warehouse Lines of Credit:
Balance outstanding at end of period $ — $ 15,090 $ 29,961
Average amount outstanding during the period — 11,675 8,461
Maximum outstanding at any month-end during the period — 16,385 29,961
Weighted average interest rate during the period — 3.29 % 3.34 %
Weighted average interest rate at the end of the period — 3.21 % 3.37 %
Subsidiaries
At December 31, 2022, the Company had one operating subsidiary, Ponce Bank, and Ponce Bank had one subsidiary, Ponce de Leon Mortgage Corp., a New York State chartered mortgage brokerage entity, whose employees are registered in New York and New Jersey. Ponce Bank had another subsidiary, PFS Services, Corp., which was merged into Ponce de Leon Mortgage Corp. on December 31, 2021.
Regulation and Supervision
General
As a federally-chartered, stock savings association, the Bank is subject to examination, supervision and regulation, primarily by the OCC, and, secondarily, by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) as the insurer of deposits. The federal system of regulation and supervision establishes a comprehensive framework of activities in which the Bank is engaging and is intended primarily for the protection of depositors and the FDIC’s Deposit Insurance Fund.
The Bank is regulated to a lesser extent by the Federal Reserve Board which governs the reserves to be maintained against deposits and other matters. In addition, the Bank is a member of and owns stock in the FHLBNY, which is one of the 11 regional banks in the Federal Home Loan Bank System. The Bank’s relationship with its depositors and borrowers is also regulated, to a great extent, by federal law and, to a lesser extent, state law, including in matters concerning the ownership of deposit accounts and the form and content of loan documents.
As a savings and loan holding company, the Company is subject to examination and supervision by, and is required to file certain reports with, the Federal Reserve Board. The Company is subject to the rules and regulations of the SEC under the federal securities laws.
Mortgage World was a mortgage banking entity which primarily operated in the New York City metropolitan area. It was a Federal Housing Administration (“FHA”) approved Title II lender. To maintain its license, Mortgage World needed to comply with certain regulations set forth by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (“HUD”). Mortgage World was subject to the comprehensive regulation and examination of the New York State Department of Financial Services ("NYDFS"). The business operated by Mortgage World was integrated as a division of Ponce Bank effective January 26, 2022, and ceased to be separately regulated as a mortgage banking entity by the NYDFS at that time. Mortgage World ceased to conduct business as a separate entity and is now operated as a division of the Bank.
Set forth below are certain material regulatory requirements that are applicable to the Company and the Bank. This description of statutes and regulations is not intended to be a complete description of such statutes and regulations and their effects on the Company and the Bank. Any change in these laws or regulations, whether by Congress or the applicable regulatory agencies, could have a material adverse impact on the Company and the Bank and their respective operations.
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CARES Act
In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the CARES Act was signed into law on March 27, 2020. Among other things, the CARES Act includes provisions impacting financial institutions like the Bank. The CARES Act allowed banks to elect to suspend requirements under GAAP for loan modifications related to the COVID-19 pandemic (for loans that were not more than 30 days past due as of December 31, 2019) that would otherwise be categorized as a TDR, including impairment for accounting purposes, until the earlier of 60 days after the termination date of the national emergency or December 31, 2020. This relief was extended by the Consolidated Appropriations Act enacted on December 27, 2020 to the earlier of January 1, 2022 or 60 days after the termination of the national emergency. This relief was not extended beyond January 1, 2022 and the Bank has made appropriate adjustments which are not material. Federal banking agencies were required to defer to the determination of the banks making such suspension.
The CARES Act created the PPP. The PPP authorized small business loans to pay payroll and group health costs, salaries and commissions, mortgage and rent payments, utilities, and interest on certain debt. The loans were provided through participating financial institutions, such as Bank, that processed loan applications and service the loans. The CARES Act appropriated $349.0 billion for PPP loans. On April 24, 2020, the PPP received another $310.0 billion in funding. On December 27, 2020, the Economic Aid Act appropriated another $284.0 billion for both first and second draw of PPP loans bringing the total appropriations for PPP loans to $943.0 billion. Loans under the PPP that meet SBA requirements may be forgiven in certain circumstances, and are 100% guaranteed by the SBA. The authorization for making PPP loans expired on May 31, 2021.
Federal Bank Regulations
Business Activities. A federal savings association derives its lending and investment powers from the Home Owners’ Loan Act, as amended, and applicable federal regulations. Under these laws and regulations, the Bank may invest in mortgage loans secured by residential and commercial real estate, commercial business and consumer loans, certain types of debt securities and certain other assets, subject to applicable limits. The Bank may also establish, subject to specified investment limits, service corporation subsidiaries that may engage in certain activities not otherwise permissible for Ponce Bank, including real estate investment and securities and insurance brokerage.
Examinations and Assessments. The Bank is primarily supervised by the OCC. The Bank is required to file reports with and is subject to periodic examination by the OCC. The Bank is required to pay assessments to the OCC to fund the agency’s operations. The Company is required to file reports with and is subject to periodic examination by the Federal Reserve Board. It is also required to pay assessments to the Federal Reserve Board to fund the agency’s operations.
Capital Requirements. Federal regulations require FDIC-insured depository institutions, including federal savings associations, to meet several minimum capital standards: a common equity Tier 1 capital to risk-based assets ratio, a Tier 1 capital to risk-based assets ratio, a total capital to risk-based assets and a Tier 1 capital to total assets leverage ratio. The existing capital requirements were effective January 1, 2015 and are the result of a final rule implementing regulatory amendments based on recommendations of the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision and certain requirements of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (the “Dodd-Frank Act”).
The capital standards require the maintenance of common equity Tier 1 capital, Tier 1 capital and total capital to risk-weighted assets of at least 4.5%, 6.0% and 8.0%, respectively. The regulations also establish a minimum required leverage ratio of at least 4.0% Tier 1 capital. Common equity Tier 1 capital is generally defined as common stockholders’ equity and retained earnings. Tier 1 capital is generally defined as common equity Tier 1 and Additional Tier 1 capital. Additional Tier 1 capital generally includes certain noncumulative perpetual preferred stock and related surplus and minority interests in equity accounts of consolidated subsidiaries. Total capital includes Tier 1 capital (common equity Tier 1 capital plus Additional Tier 1 capital) and Tier 2 capital. Tier 2 capital is comprised of capital instruments and related surplus meeting specified requirements, and may include cumulative preferred stock and long-term perpetual preferred stock, mandatory convertible securities, intermediate preferred stock and subordinated debt. Also included in Tier 2 capital is the allowance for loan and lease losses limited to a maximum of 1.25% of risk-weighted assets and, for institutions that have exercised an opt-out election regarding the treatment of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (“AOCI”), up to 45% of net unrealized gains on available-for-sale equity securities with readily determinable fair market values. In 2015, Ponce De Leon Federal Bank, the predecessor of Ponce Bank, made a one-time, permanent election to opt-out regarding the treatment of AOCI. Institutions that have not exercised the AOCI opt-out have AOCI incorporated into common equity Tier 1 capital (including unrealized gains and losses on available-for-sale-securities). Calculation of all types of regulatory capital is subject to deductions and adjustments specified in the regulations.
In determining the amount of risk-weighted assets for purposes of calculating risk-based capital ratios, an institution’s assets, including certain off-balance sheet assets (e.g., recourse obligations, direct credit substitutes, residual interests), are multiplied by a risk weight factor assigned by the regulations based on the risk deemed inherent in the type of asset. Higher levels of capital are required for asset categories believed to present greater risk. For example, a risk weight of 0.0% is assigned to cash and U.S. government securities,
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a risk weight of 50.0% is generally assigned to prudently underwritten first lien one-to-four family residential mortgages, a risk weight of 100.0% is assigned to commercial and consumer loans, a risk weight of 150.0% is assigned to certain past due loans and a risk weight of between 0.0% to 600.0% is assigned to permissible equity interests, depending on certain specified factors.
In addition to establishing the minimum regulatory capital requirements, the regulations limit capital distributions and certain discretionary bonus payments to management if the institution does not hold a “capital conservation buffer” consisting of 2.5% of common equity Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets above the amount necessary to meet its minimum risk-based capital requirements. The capital conservation buffer requirement is 2.5% of risk-weighted assets.
At December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Bank’s capital exceeded all applicable requirements. See Note 15, “Regulatory Capital Requirements” of the Notes to the accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.
Loans-to-One Borrower. Generally, a federal savings association may not make a loan or extend credit to a single or related group of borrowers in excess of 15.0% of unimpaired capital and surplus. An additional amount may be lent, equal to 10.0% of unimpaired capital and surplus, if secured by “readily marketable collateral,” which generally includes certain financial instruments (but not real estate). As of December 31, 2022, the Bank was in compliance with the loans-to-one borrower limitations.
Standards for Safety and Soundness. Federal law requires each federal banking agency to prescribe certain standards for all insured depository institutions. These standards relate to, among other things, internal controls, information systems, audit systems, loan documentation, credit underwriting, interest rate risk exposure, asset growth, compensation and other operational and managerial standards as the agency deems appropriate. Interagency pronouncements set forth the safety and soundness standards that the federal banking agencies use to identify and address problems at insured depository institutions before capital becomes impaired. If the appropriate federal banking agency determines that an institution fails to meet any standard prescribed by the pronouncements, the agency may require the institution to submit to the agency an acceptable plan to achieve compliance with the standard. Failure to implement such a plan can result in further enforcement action, including the issuance of a cease and desist order or the imposition of civil money penalties.
Prompt Corrective Action Regulations. Under the Federal Prompt Corrective Action statute, the OCC is required to take supervisory actions against undercapitalized institutions under its jurisdiction, the severity of which depends upon the institution’s level of capital. A savings institution that has a total risk-based capital ratio of less than 8.0%, a Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio of less than 6.0%, a common equity Tier 1 ratio of less than 4.5% or a leverage ratio of less than 4.0% is considered to be “undercapitalized.” A savings institution that has total risk-based capital of less than 6.0%, a Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio of less than 4.0%, a common equity Tier 1 ratio of less than 3.0% or a leverage ratio that is less than 3.0% is considered to be “significantly undercapitalized.” A savings institution that has a tangible capital to assets ratio equal to or less than 2.0% is deemed to be “critically undercapitalized.”
Generally, the OCC is required to appoint a receiver or conservator for a federal savings association that becomes “critically undercapitalized” within specific time frames. The regulations also provide that a capital restoration plan must be filed with the OCC within 45 days of the date that a federal savings association is deemed to have received notice that it is “undercapitalized,” “significantly undercapitalized” or “critically undercapitalized.” Any holding company of a federal savings association that is required to submit a capital restoration plan must guarantee performance under the plan in an amount of up to the lesser of 5.0% of the savings association’s assets at the time it was deemed to be undercapitalized by the OCC or the amount necessary to restore the savings association to adequately capitalized status. This guarantee remains in place until the OCC notifies the savings association that it has maintained adequately capitalized status for each of four consecutive calendar quarters. Institutions that are undercapitalized become subject to certain mandatory measures such as restrictions on capital distributions and asset growth. The OCC may also take any one of a number of discretionary supervisory actions against undercapitalized federal savings associations, including the issuance of a capital directive and the replacement of senior executive officers and directors.
At December 31, 2022, the Bank met the criteria for being considered “well capitalized,” which means that its total risk-based capital ratio exceeded 10.0%, its Tier 1 risk-based ratio exceeded 8.0%, its common equity Tier 1 ratio exceeded 6.5% and its leverage ratio exceeded 5.0%.
Qualified Thrift Lender Test. As a federal savings association, the Bank must satisfy the qualified thrift lender, or “QTL,” test. Under the QTL test, the Bank must maintain at least 65% of its “portfolio assets” in “qualified thrift investments” (primarily residential mortgages and related investments, including mortgage-backed securities) in at least nine months of every 12-month period. “Portfolio assets” generally means total assets of a savings association, less the sum of specified liquid assets up to 20% of total assets, goodwill and other intangible assets, and the value of property used in the conduct of the savings association’s business.
Alternatively, the Bank may satisfy the QTL test by qualifying as a “domestic building and loan association” as defined in the Internal Revenue Code.
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A savings association that fails the qualified thrift lender test must operate under specified restrictions set forth in the Home Owners’ Loan Act. The Dodd-Frank Act made noncompliance with the QTL test subject to agency enforcement action for a violation of law. At December 31, 2022, the Bank satisfied the QTL test.
Capital Distributions. Federal regulations govern capital distributions by a federal savings association, which include cash dividends, stock repurchases and other transactions charged to the savings association’s capital account. A federal savings association must file an application with the OCC for approval of a capital distribution if:
•
the total capital distributions for the applicable calendar year exceeds the sum of the savings association’s net income for that year to date plus the savings association’s retained net income for the preceding two years;
•
the savings association would not be at least adequately capitalized following the distribution;
•
the distribution would violate any applicable statute, regulation, agreement or regulatory condition; or
•
the savings association is not eligible for expedited treatment of its filings.
Even if an application is not otherwise required, every savings association that is a subsidiary of a savings and loan holding company, such as the Bank, must file a notice with the Federal Reserve Board at least 30 days before its board of directors declares a dividend.
An application or notice related to a capital distribution may be disapproved if:
•
the federal savings association would be undercapitalized following the distribution;
•
the proposed capital distribution raises safety and soundness concerns; or
•
the capital distribution would violate a prohibition contained in any statute, regulation or agreement.
In addition, the Federal Deposit Insurance Act provides that an insured depository institution shall not make any capital distribution if, after making such distribution, the institution would fail to meet any applicable regulatory capital requirement. A federal savings association also may not make a capital distribution that would reduce its regulatory capital below the amount required for the liquidation account established in connection with its conversion to stock form.
Community Reinvestment Act and Fair Lending Laws. All federal savings associations have a responsibility under the Community Reinvestment Act and related regulations to help meet the credit needs of their communities, including low and moderate-income borrowers. In connection with its examination of a federal savings association, the OCC is required to assess the federal savings association’s record of compliance with the Community Reinvestment Act. A savings association’s failure to comply with the provisions of the Community Reinvestment Act could, at a minimum, result in denial of certain corporate applications, such as branches or mergers, or in restrictions on its activities. In addition, the Equal Credit Opportunity Act and the Fair Housing Act prohibit lenders from discriminating in their lending practices on the basis of characteristics specified in those statutes. The failure to comply with the Equal Credit Opportunity Act and the Fair Housing Act could result in enforcement actions by the OCC, as well as other federal regulatory agencies and the Department of Justice.
The Community Reinvestment Act requires all institutions insured by the FDIC to publicly disclose their rating. Ponce Bank, received a “satisfactory” Community Reinvestment Act rating in its most recent federal examination.
Transactions with Related Parties. As a federal savings association, the Bank’s authority to engage in transactions with its affiliates is limited by Sections 23A and 23B of the Federal Reserve Act and federal regulation. An affiliate is generally a company that controls, or is under common control with an insured depository institution such as the Bank. The Company is an affiliate of the Bank because of its control of the Bank. In general, transactions between an insured depository institution and its affiliates are subject to certain quantitative limits and collateral requirements. In addition, federal regulations prohibit a savings association from lending to any of its affiliates that are engaged in activities that are not permissible for bank holding companies and from purchasing the securities of any affiliate, other than a subsidiary. Finally, transactions with affiliates must be consistent with safe and sound banking practices, not involve the purchase of low-quality assets and be on terms that are as favorable to the institution as comparable transactions with non-affiliates.
The Bank’s authority to extend credit to its directors, executive officers and 10.0% stockholders, as well as to entities controlled by such persons, is currently governed by the requirements of Sections 22(g) and 22(h) of the Federal Reserve Act and Regulation O of the Federal Reserve Board. Among other things, these provisions generally require that extensions of credit to insiders:
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•
be made on terms that are substantially the same as, and follow credit underwriting procedures that are not less stringent than, those prevailing for comparable transactions with unaffiliated persons and that do not involve more than the normal risk of repayment or present other unfavorable features; and
•
not exceed certain limitations on the amount of credit extended to such persons, individually and in the aggregate, which limits are based, in part, on the amount of the Bank’s capital.
In addition, extensions of credit in excess of certain limits must be approved by the Bank’s Board of Directors. Extensions of credit to executive officers are subject to additional limits based on the type of extension involved.
Enforcement. The OCC has primary enforcement responsibility over federal savings associations and has authority to bring enforcement action against all “institution-affiliated parties,” including directors, officers, stockholders, attorneys, appraisers and accountants who knowingly or recklessly participate in wrongful action likely to have an adverse effect on a federal savings association. Formal enforcement action by the OCC may range from the issuance of a capital directive or cease and desist order to removal of officers and/or directors of the institution and to the appointment of a receiver or conservator. Civil money penalties (“CMP”) cover a wide range of violations and actions. CMPs are classified into three tiers based on the actionable conduct and the level of culpability. The law sets maximum amounts that the OCC may assess for each day the actionable conduct continues. The FDIC also has the authority to terminate deposit insurance or recommend to the OCC that enforcement action be taken with respect to a particular federal savings association. If such action is not taken, the FDIC has authority to take the action under specified circumstances.
Insurance of Deposit Accounts. The Deposit Insurance Fund of the FDIC insures deposits at FDIC insured financial institutions such as the Bank. Deposit accounts in the Bank are insured by the FDIC generally up to a maximum of $250,000 per separately insured depositor and up to a maximum of $250,000 for self-directed retirement accounts.
The FDIC charges insured depository institutions premiums to maintain the Deposit Insurance Fund. The Dodd-Frank Act required the FDIC to base its assessments upon each insured institution’s total assets less tangible equity. The FDIC has set the assessment range at 1.5 to 40 basis points of total assets less tangible equity. Assessments for most institutions are based on financial measures and supervisory ratings derived from statistical modeling estimating the probability of failure within three years.
The FDIC has authority to increase insurance assessments. Any significant increases would have an adverse effect on the operating expenses and results of operations of the Bank. Management cannot predict what assessment rates will be in the future.
Insurance of deposits may be terminated by the FDIC upon a finding that an institution has engaged in unsafe or unsound practices, is in an unsafe or unsound condition to continue operations or has violated any applicable law, regulation, rule, order or condition imposed by the FDIC. We do not currently know of any practice, condition or violation that may lead to termination of the Bank’s deposit insurance.
Federal Reserve System
Generally, Federal Reserve Board regulations require depository institutions to maintain reserves against their transaction accounts (primarily NOW and regular checking accounts). In an effort to respond to the negative effects on the economy from the COVID-19 pandemic, effective March 26, 2020, the Federal Reserve Board eliminated the reserve requirement for depository institutions in order to support lending to households and businesses.
Federal Home Loan Bank System
The Bank is a member of the Federal Home Loan Bank System, which consists of 11 regional Federal Home Loan Banks. The Federal Home Loan Bank System provides a central credit facility primarily for member institutions as well as other entities involved in home mortgage lending. As a member of the FHLBNY, the Bank is required to acquire and hold shares of the capital stock of the FHLBNY. As of December 31, 2022, the Bank was in compliance with this requirement. The Bank may also utilize advances from the FHLBNY as a source of investable funds.
Other Regulations
Interest and other charges collected or contracted for by the Bank are subject to state usury laws and federal laws concerning interest rates. The Bank’s operations are also subject to federal laws applicable to credit transactions, such as the:
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Truth-In-Lending Act, governing disclosures of credit terms to consumer borrowers;