PAHC US Equity☆

Item 7.Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Introduction

Our management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations (“MD&A”) is provided to assist readers in understanding our performance, as reflected in the results of our operations, our financial condition and our cash flows. The following discussion summarizes the significant factors affecting our consolidated operating results, financial condition, liquidity and cash flows as of and for the periods presented below. This MD&A should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and related notes thereto included under the section entitled “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.” Our future results could differ materially from our historical performance as a result of various factors such as those discussed in “Risk Factors” and “Forward-Looking Statements and Risk Factors Summary.”

Overview of our business

Phibro Animal Health Corporation is a global diversified animal health and mineral nutrition company. We develop, manufacture and market a broad range of products for food animals including poultry, swine, beef and dairy cattle, and aquaculture. Our products help prevent, control and treat diseases, enhance nutrition to help improve health and performance and contribute to balanced mineral nutrition. In addition to animal health and mineral nutrition products, we manufacture and market specific ingredients for use in the personal care, industrial chemical and chemical catalyst industries. We sell more than 1,625 product presentations in over 80 countries to approximately 3,725 customers.

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Factors affecting our performance

Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic

The global food and animal production industry has experienced demand disruption, production impacts, price volatility and currency volatility in international markets due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The response to the global outbreak of COVID-19 continues to evolve. Governmental authorities continue to implement measures to contain virus outbreaks, such as travel bans, quarantines, shelter-in-place orders, site closures and business shutdowns. Although vaccines are now available, distribution efforts vary widely country-by-country and state-by-state. The pandemic may have significant economic impacts on customers, suppliers and markets. New information may continue to emerge concerning COVID-19 and the actions required to contain or treat it may affect the duration and severity of the economic impact. We believe the global food and animal production industry is returning to stability, but the potential impact of COVID-19 continues to evolve and future industry outlooks remain uncertain.

Phibro is an integral participant in the essential production of meat, milk, eggs and aquaculture for human consumption. In the face of the pandemic, we have focused on the safety of our employees, while continuing to supply our customers. Our global production facilities have continued to operate without interruption, despite supply chain and logistical challenges. Our sales and technical service people remain in close virtual contact with our customers, as most travel and in-person meetings have been cancelled. Most of our administrative and management staff are working remotely. We have experienced some cost increases from the safety measures implemented to protect our employees as well as from supply chain disruptions. We have maintained headcount and compensation at or above constant levels. We continue to monitor sales trends, cash flow and liquidity.

The uncertainties surrounding the COVID-19 pandemic remain fluid. We are unable to predict the supply, distribution or effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines and hence the impact on the economies where we manufacture and sell our products. While we continue to adapt our operations and mitigate the risks and challenges posed by COVID-19, the demand for our products will be dependent upon economic conditions and the ability of our customers and end users of our products to operate their businesses and production facilities. Our business and future operational results may be impacted by government mandated response efforts, supply chain and manufacturing disruptions, increased volatility in raw material costs and decreased demand due to changes in our customer purchasing patterns and preferences. We are unable to predict with confidence the nature and timing of when any of these events may occur and the effects COVID-19 will have on our business, our consolidated results and the broader economic environment going forward.We will continue to evaluate the nature and extent of the effects of COVID-19 on our business, consolidated results of operations, financial condition, and liquidity. For additional considerations and risks associated with COVID-19 on our business, please refer to Item 1A. “Risk Factors.”

Industry growth

We believe global population growth, the growth of the global middle class and the productivity improvements needed due to limitations of arable land and water supplies have supported and will continue to support growth of the animal health industry.

Regulatory Developments

Our business depends heavily on a healthy and growing livestock industry. Some in the public perceive risks to human health related to the consumption of food derived from animals that utilize certain of our products, including certain of our MFA products. In particular, there is increased focus, in the United States and other countries, on the use of medically important antimicrobials. As defined by the FDA, medically important antimicrobials (“MIAs”) include classes that are prescribed in animal and human health and are listed in the Appendix of the FDA-CVM Guidance for Industry (GFI) 152. Our products that contain virginiamycin, oxytetracycline or neomycin are classified by the FDA as medically important antimicrobials. In addition to the United States, the World Health Organization (WHO), the E.U., Australia and Canada have promulgated rating lists for antimicrobials that are used in veterinary medicine and that include certain of our products.

The classification of our products as MIAs or similar listings may lead to a decline in the demand for and production of food products derived from animals that utilize our products and, in turn, demand for our products. Livestock producers may experience decreased demand for their products or reputational harm as a result of evolving consumer views of nutrition and health-related concerns, animal rights, and other concerns. Any reputational harm to the livestock industry may also extend to

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companies in related industries, including us. In addition, campaigns by interest groups, activists and others with respect to perceived risks associated with the use of our products in animals, including position statements by livestock producers and their customers based on non-use of certain medicated products in livestock production, whether or not scientifically-supported, could affect public perceptions and reduce the use of our products. Those adverse consumer views related to the use of one or more of our products in animals could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

In April 2016, the FDA began initial steps to withdraw approval of carbadox (the active ingredient in our Mecadox product) via a regulatory process known as a Notice of Opportunity for Hearing (“NOOH”), due to concerns that certain residues from the product may persist in animal tissues for longer than previously determined. The NOOH process provided Phibro with an opportunity to defend the safety of carbadox prior to the FDA taking final steps to remove carbadox from the market. Over the next four years, as part of an ongoing process of responding to the inquiries from the FDA’s Center for Veterinary Medicine (“CVM”), we provided extensive and meticulous research and data that confirmed the safety of carbadox. In March 2018, the FDA indefinitely stayed the withdrawal proceedings. In July 2020, the FDA announced it does not agree with Phibro’s scientific conclusions that carbadox is safe under the current conditions of use. Instead of proceeding to a hearing on the scientific concerns raised in the 2016 NOOH, consistent with the normal regulatory procedure, the FDA announced that it was withdrawing the current NOOH and issuing a proposed order to review the regulatory method for carbadox. The approved regulatory method determines if there are residues of carcinogenic concern in animal tissue at the time of slaughter. If the order is finalized, the FDA has indicated it plans to issue a new NOOH proposing the withdrawal of carbadox from the market because of a lack of an approved regulatory method.

In September 2020, Phibro commented on the proposed order, reiterating the safety of carbadox and the appropriateness of the regulatory method, and further offered to work with the CVM to generate additional data to support the existing regulatory method or select a suitable alternative regulatory method. Phibro disagrees with the agency’s actions and has submitted a request to the FDA Office of the Commissioner that the agency continue the NOOH process it started in 2016 and proceed with a hearing to review the substantial body of data supporting the safety of carbadox. There is no defined timeline for the conclusion of this matter. Should we be unable to successfully defend the safety of the product, the loss of carbadox sales would have an adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations. Sales of carbadox for the twelve months ended June 30, 2021, were $23 million. As of the date of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, Mecadox continues to be available for use by swine producers.

Our global sales of antibacterials, anticoccidials and other products were $330 million, $322 million and $350 million for the years ended June 30, 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

Competition

The animal health industry is highly competitive. We believe many of our competitors are conducting R&D activities in areas served by our products and in areas in which we are developing products. Our competitors include the animal health businesses of large pharmaceutical companies and specialty animal health businesses. In addition to competition from established participants, there could be new entrants to the animal health medicines and vaccines industry in the future. Principal methods of competition vary depending on the region, species, product category or individual products, including reliability, reputation, quality, price, service and promotion to veterinary professionals and livestock producers.

Foreign exchange

We conduct operations in many areas of the world, involving transactions denominated in a variety of currencies. For the year ended June 30, 2021, we generated approximately 40% of our revenues from operations outside the United States. Although a portion of our revenues are denominated in various currencies, the selling prices of the majority of our sales outside the United States are referenced in U.S. dollars, and as a result, our revenues have not been significantly affected by currency movements. We are subject to currency risk to the extent that our costs are denominated in currencies other than those in which we earn revenues. We manufacture some of our major products in Brazil and Israel and production costs are largely denominated in local currencies, while the selling prices of the products are largely set in U.S. dollars. As such, we are exposed to changes in cost of goods sold resulting from currency movements and may not be able to adjust our selling prices to offset such movements. In addition, we incur selling and administrative expenses in various currencies and are exposed to changes in such expenses resulting from currency

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movements. Because our financial statements are reported in U.S. dollars, changes in currency exchange rates between the U.S. dollar and other currencies have had, and will continue to have, an impact on our results of operations.

Climate

Adverse weather events and natural disasters may interfere with and negatively impact operations at our manufacturing sites, research and development facilities and offices, which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations, especially if the impact of an event or disaster is frequent or prolonged.

Our operations, and the activities of our customers, could be disrupted by climate change. The physical changes caused by climate change may prompt changes in regulations or consumer preferences which in turn could have negative consequences for our and our customers’ businesses. Climate change may negatively impact our customers’ operations, particularly those in the livestock industry, through climate-related impacts such as increased air and water temperatures, rising water levels and increased incidence of disease in livestock. Potential physical risks from climate change may include altered distribution and intensity of rainfall, prolonged droughts or flooding, increased frequency of wildfires and other natural disasters, rising sea levels, and a rising heat index, any of which could cause negative impacts to our and our customers’ businesses. If such events affect our customers’ businesses, they may purchase fewer of our products, and our revenues may be negatively impacted. Climate driven changes could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

There has been a broad range of proposed and promulgated state, national and international regulations aimed at reducing the effects of climate change. Such regulations could result in additional costs to maintain compliance and additional income or other taxes. Climate change regulations continue to evolve, and it is not possible to accurately estimate potential future compliance costs.

Product development initiatives

Our future success depends on our existing product portfolio, including additional approvals for new claims for our products, for use of our products in new markets, for use of our products with new species and for cross-clearances enabling the use of our medicated products in conjunction with other products. Our future success also depends on our pipeline of new products, including new products that we may develop through joint ventures and products that we are able to obtain through license or acquisition. The majority of our R&D programs focus on product lifecycle development, which is defined as R&D programs that leverage existing animal health products by adding new species or claims, achieving approvals in new markets or creating new combinations and reformulations. We commit substantial effort, funds and other resources to expanding our product approvals and R&D, both through our own dedicated resources and through collaborations with third parties. We also commit significant resources to development of new vaccine technologies.

Our current strategic initiatives include a number of projects. We are working to develop a vaccine for African Swine Fever, a virulent disease that is highly lethal in swine. We also have developed pHi-Tech, a portable electronic vaccination device and software that ensures proper delivery of vaccines and provides health management information. We are developing a facility in Sligo, Ireland for the production of animal vaccines and have recently received EU GMP approval for the facility and have submitted product registration applications in various markets. We are developing microbial products and bioproducts for a variety of applications serving animal health and nutrition, environmental, industrial and agricultural customers. We continue to build our companion animal business and pipeline. Our Rejensa joint supplement for dogs continues to gain customer acceptance. Our companion animal development pipeline includes an early-stage atopic dermatitis compound, a novel Lyme vaccine delivery system product and two early-stage oral care compounds.

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Analysis of the consolidated statements of operations

Summary Results of Operations

​

​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Change

​ (in thousands, except per share)

​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

Net income per share ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

Weighted average number of shares outstanding ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

Ratio to net sales ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

Selling, general and administrative expenses ​ 23.6 % 23.5 % 21.9 % ​ ​ ​

Operating income ​ 9.0 % 8.6 % 10.1 % ​ ​ ​

Income before income taxes ​ 8.0 % 6.9 % 8.6 % ​ ​ ​

Net income ​ 6.5 % 4.2 % 6.6 % ​ ​ ​

Effective tax rate ​ 18.2 % 39.6 % 23.5 % ​ ​ ​

Certain amounts and percentages may reflect rounding adjustments.

* Calculation not meaningful

Changes in net sales from period to period primarily result from changes in volumes and average selling prices. Although a portion of our net sales is denominated in various currencies, the selling prices of the majority of our sales outside the United States are referenced in U.S. dollars, and as a result, currency movements have not significantly affected our revenues.

Our effective income tax rate has varied from period to period and from the federal statutory rate, due to the mix of taxable profits in various jurisdictions; changes in tax rates from period to period, including changes in income tax legislation in the United States and various international jurisdictions; and the effects of changes in uncertain tax positions and valuation allowances. Our future effective income tax rate will vary due to the relative amounts of taxable income in various jurisdictions, future changes in tax rates and legislation and other factors. We intend to continue to reinvest indefinitely the undistributed earnings of our foreign subsidiaries where we could be subject to applicable non-U.S. income and withholding taxes if amounts are repatriated to the U.S. See “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements — Income Taxes” for additional information.

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Net sales, Adjusted EBITDA and reconciliation of GAAP net income to Adjusted EBITDA

We report Net sales and Adjusted EBITDA by segment to understand the operating performance of each segment. This enables us to monitor changes in net sales, costs and other actionable operating metrics at the segment level. See “— General description of non-GAAP financial measures” for descriptions of EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA.

Segment net sales and Adjusted EBITDA:

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​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Change

​ ​ (in thousands)

Net sales ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

Adjusted EBITDA ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

Adjusted EBITDA ratio to segment net sales ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

Mineral Nutrition ​ 7.8 % 6.8 % 6.7 % ​ ​

Performance Products ​ 14.1 % 7.7 % 7.6 % ​ ​

Corporate(1) ​ (5.1) % (5.0) % (4.6) % ​ ​

(1) Reflects ratio to total net sales.

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A reconciliation of net income, as reported under GAAP, to Adjusted EBITDA:

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​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Change

​ ​ (in thousands)

Acquisition-related cost of goods sold ​ — ​ 280 ​ — ​ (280) * ​ 280 * ​

Acquisition-related other, net (1) ​ — ​ (2,821) ​ — ​ 2,821 * ​ (2,821) * ​

Other, net ​ — ​ — ​ (1,506) ​ — * ​ 1,506 * ​

Certain amounts and percentages may reflect rounding adjustments.

* Calculation not meaningful

Comparison of the years ended June 30, 2021 and 2020

Net sales

Net sales of $833.4 million for the year ended June 30, 2021, increased $33.0 million, or 4%, as compared to the year ended June 30, 2020. Animal Health, Mineral Nutrition and Performance Products increased $18.8 million, $6.1 million, and $8.0 million, respectively.

Animal Health

Net sales of $545.7 million for the year ended June 30, 2021, increased $18.8 million, or 4%. Net sales of MFAs and other increased $7.7 million, or 2%, due to increased domestic demand in swine and increased international sales in poultry. These gains were partially offset by an $8.9 million decline in net sales in China following regulatory changes effective January 1, 2020. Net sales of nutritional specialty products grew $13.5 million, or 10%, due to international and domestic volume growth in dairy products, partially offset by lower sales in domestic poultry. Net sales of vaccines declined $2.4 million, or 3%, as challenging economic conditions in Eastern Europe more than offset domestic volume growth and increased demand in the Asia Pacific region.

Mineral Nutrition

Net sales of $220.6 million for the year ended June 30, 2021, increased $6.1 million, or 3%, due to higher overall average selling prices and increased unit volumes. The increase in average selling prices is correlated with the movement of the underlying raw material costs.

Performance Products

Net sales of $67.1 million for the year ended June 30, 2021, increased $8.0 million, or 14%, driven by increased volumes of copper-based products.

Gross profit

Gross profit of $271.4 million for the year ended June 30, 2021, increased $14.5 million, or 6%, as compared to the year ended June 30, 2020. Gross margin increased 50 basis points to 32.6% of net sales for the year ended June 30, 2021, as compared to 32.1% for the year ended June 30, 2020. The year ended June 30, 2020, included $0.3 million of acquisition-related cost of goods sold.

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Animal Health gross profit increased $7.2 million due to sales growth. Mineral Nutrition gross profit increased $2.4 million, driven by increases in average selling prices, partially offset by increases in raw material costs. Performance Products gross profit increased $4.8 million, driven by higher volumes, higher average selling prices and decreases in raw material and production costs. Acquisition-related cost of goods sold in the prior year accounted for $0.3 million of the gross profit improvement in the current year.

Selling, general and administrative expenses

Selling, general and administrative expenses (“SG&A”) of $196.5 million for the year ended June 30, 2021, increased $8.8 million, or 5%, as compared to the year ended June 30, 2020. SG&A for the year ended June 30, 2021, included $1.1 million of stock-based compensation. SG&A for the year ended June 30, 2020, included $2.3 million of stock-based compensation, $0.4 million of restructuring costs, $0.5 million of acquisition-related transaction costs and income of $2.8 million from other acquisition-related items. Excluding these items, SG&A increased $8.0 million, or 4%.

Animal Health SG&A increased $5.6 million, primarily due to increased professional fees to support the continued use of carbadox and investments in international expansion initiatives. Mineral Nutrition and Performance Products SG&A were comparable to the prior year. Corporate expenses increased $2.5 million, driven by investments in strategic initiatives, plus incremental costs for performance-related compensation and information technology. Overall costs, including marketing, product development and travel, continued to be restrained due to COVID-19 limitations. The stock-based compensation, restructuring costs, acquisition-related transaction costs and other acquisition-related income items accounted for a net $0.8 million increase in SG&A.

Interest expense, net

Interest expense, net of $12.9 million for the year ended June 30, 2021, was flat as compared to the year ended June 30, 2020. Interest expense decreased primarily due to favorable variable interest rates, offset by higher levels of debt outstanding and a $1.0 million of expense related to the April 2021 refinancing.

Foreign currency (gains) losses, net

Foreign currency gains, net for the year ended June 30, 2021, were $4.5 million, as compared to net losses of $0.8 million for the year ended June 30, 2020. Foreign currency gains, net primarily arose from intercompany balances, driven by the movement of the Mexican, South African and Turkish currencies relative to the U.S. dollar.

Provision for income taxes

The provision for income taxes was $12.1 million and $22.0 million for the years ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The effective income tax rate was 18.2% and 39.6% for the years ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Our effective income tax rate has varied from period to period and from the federal statutory rate, due to the mix of income in the various jurisdictions where we have operations; changes in tax rates from period to period; and the effects of certain other items. The provision for income taxes during the year ended June 30, 2021, included (i) a $5.3 million benefit from the reversal of uncertain tax positions related to settlements and lapse of statute of limitations of prior years, (ii) a $1.5 million benefit related to final regulations issued in July 2020 for the Global Intangible Low-Taxed Income (“GILTI”) tax related to the years ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, (iii) a $1.2 million benefit related to exchange rate differences on intercompany dividends, and (iv) a $0.9 million benefit related to a detailed analysis of various other items. The effective income tax rate, without these items, would have been 31.6% for the year ended June 30, 2021. The provision for income taxes for the years ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, included $0.9 million and $3.5 million of GILTI federal tax expense, respectively.

Net income

Net income of $54.4 million for the year ended June 30, 2021, increased $20.8 million, as compared to net income of $33.6 million for the year ended June 30, 2020. The increase was primarily driven by higher operating income of $5.7 million, increased foreign currency gains of $5.3 million and a $9.9 million decrease to the provision for income taxes. The increase in operating income was driven by a $14.5 million increase in gross profit, partially offset by increased SG&A costs of $8.8 million.

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Adjusted EBITDA

Adjusted EBITDA of $107.9 million for the year ended June 30, 2021, increased $5.7 million, or 6%, as compared to the year ended June 30, 2020. Animal Health Adjusted EBITDA increased $0.8 million, driven by increased gross profit, partially offset by higher SG&A expenses. Mineral Nutrition and Performance Products Adjusted EBITDA for the year ended June 30, 2021, increased $2.4 million and $4.9 million, respectively, on higher gross profit. Corporate expenses increased $2.4 million driven by investments in strategic initiatives as well as incremental costs for performance-related compensation and information technology.

Comparison of the years ended June 30, 2020 and 2019

Net sales

Net sales of $800.4 million for the year ended June 30, 2020, decreased $27.6 million, or 3%, as compared to the year ended June 30, 2019. Animal Health, Mineral Nutrition and Performance Products sales declined $5.1 million, $19.4 million and $3.2 million, respectively.

Animal Health

Net sales of $526.9 million for the year ended June 30, 2020, decreased $5.1 million, or 1%. Net sales of MFAs and other declined $28.2 million, or 8%, due to a $30.9 million sales decline in China driven by the effects of African Swine Fever and regulatory changes. Net sales of nutritional specialty products grew $16.0 million, or 14%, due to volume growth in poultry and dairy products. The August 2019 Osprey acquisition accounted for approximately two-thirds of the nutritional specialty sales growth. Net sales of vaccines increased $7.0 million, or 10%, due to international demand and increased market penetration. Excluding a domestic distribution arrangement that was terminated in October 2018, net sales of vaccines would have increased approximately 14%.

We experienced a short-term decline in demand for our products during the quarter ended June 30, 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic, primarily in the Animal Health segment. The animal production industry faced unprecedented demand disruptions, production impacts, price declines and currency volatility in international markets. Animal producers rapidly adjusted the number of animals and amount of milk being produced.

Mineral Nutrition

Net sales of $214.4 million for the year ended June 30, 2020, decreased $19.4 million, or 8%, primarily driven by lower average selling prices. The decline in average selling prices is correlated with the movement of the underlying raw material costs.

Performance Products

Net sales of $59.0 million for the year ended June 30, 2020, decreased $3.2 million, or 5%. The decline was driven by lower volumes of copper-based products partially offset by increased volumes of personal care ingredients.

Gross profit

Gross profit of $256.9 million for the year ended June 30, 2020, decreased $7.7 million, or 3%, as compared to the year ended June 30, 2019. Gross profit as a percentage of net sales for the year ended June 30, 2020, increased to 32.1% as compared to 32.0% for the year ended June 30, 2019. The year ended June 30, 2020, included $0.3 million of acquisition-related cost of goods sold.

Animal Health gross profit decreased $6.0 million due to volume declines in MFAs and other, partially offset by volume growth in nutritional specialty and vaccine products. In the Animal Health segment, unfavorable product mix contributed to a lower gross profit ratio compared to the prior year. Mineral Nutrition gross profit decreased $0.7 million, as declines in average selling prices outpaced favorable raw material costs and increased unit volumes. Performance Products gross profit decreased $0.7 million due to lower overall volume.

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Selling, general and administrative expenses

Selling, general and administrative expenses (“SG&A”) of $187.7 million for the year ended June 30, 2020, increased $6.3 million, or 3%, as compared to the year ended June 30, 2019. SG&A for the year ended June 30, 2020, included $0.4 million of restructuring costs, $0.5 million of acquisition-related transaction costs and a $2.8 million benefit from acquisition-related other, primarily as a result of a reduction to acquisition-related contingent consideration. SG&A for the year ended June 30, 2019, included $6.3 million of restructuring costs, $0.2 million of acquisition-related transaction costs and a $1.5 million benefit from the cancellation of a certain business arrangement. Excluding the effects of these costs, SG&A increased $13.2 million, or 8%.

Animal Health SG&A increased $10.8 million, including increased investments in product development and the effect of the Osprey acquisition. Mineral Nutrition SG&A increased $0.5 million due to increased employee-related costs. Performance Products SG&A increased $0.2 million. Corporate expenses increased $1.7 million due to increased costs of strategic initiatives and public company costs. The restructuring costs, acquisition-related transaction costs, acquisition-related other items and the benefit in the prior year from the cancellation of a certain business arrangement resulted in a net $6.9 million decrease to SG&A.

Interest expense, net

Interest expense, net of $12.9 million for the year ended June 30, 2020, increased $1.1 million, or 9%, as compared to the year end June 30, 2019. The increase in interest expense was primarily driven by the increase in outstanding borrowings on the Revolver. The increased outstanding borrowings were partially offset by the benefit of lower variable interest rates. Interest income from short-term investments was comparable to the prior year.

Foreign currency (gains) losses, net

Foreign currency (gains) losses, net for the year ended June 30, 2020, amounted to net losses of $0.8 million, as compared to net gains of $0.1 million for the year ended June 30, 2019. Increased foreign currency losses from the effects of currency devaluations were partially offset by foreign currency gains from intercompany transactions, driven by currency volatility during the three months ended June 30, 2020.

Provision for income taxes

In March 2020, in response to economic instability prompted by the COVID-19 pandemic, the United States government enacted the Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security (“CARES”) Act. The CARES act established various stimulus measures, including certain tax provisions. We have utilized certain CARES Act provisions, including modifications to the interest deduction limitation, technical corrections to tax depreciation methods for qualified improvement property and deferral of employer social security payments.

The provision for income taxes was $22.0 million and $16.8 million for the years ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The effective income tax rates were 39.6% and 23.5% for the years ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The fiscal year 2020 effective income tax rate was substantially higher than the federal statutory rate primarily due to income tax expense for:

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Net income

Net income of $33.6 million for the year ended June 30, 2020, decreased $21.2 million, or 39%, as compared to net income of $54.7 million for the year ended June 30, 2019. The decrease was primarily due to a $14.0 million decline in operating income, coupled with a $5.2 million increase in the provision for income taxes, higher interest expense of $1.1 million and unfavorable foreign currency movements of $0.9 million. The decline in operating income was driven by a $7.7 million reduction in gross profit and increased SG&A costs of $6.3 million. The decline in gross profit was primarily driven by lower overall volume and unfavorable product mix in our Animal Health business. Increased SG&A costs reflect our investments in product development and strategic growth initiatives and the effects of the Osprey acquisition.

Adjusted EBITDA

Adjusted EBITDA of $102.1 million for the year ended June 30, 2020, decreased $15.9 million, or 13%, as compared to the year ended June 30, 2019. Animal Health Adjusted EBITDA decreased $12.9 million due to the sales and related gross profit declines, coupled with increased SG&A costs. The SG&A increase was driven by investments in product development and strategic growth initiatives and the effects of the Osprey acquisition. Mineral Nutrition Adjusted EBITDA declined $1.0 million as a result of lower gross profit and increased SG&A costs. Performance Products Adjusted EBITDA decreased $0.2 million as compared to the prior year. Corporate expenses increased $1.7 million driven by investments in strategic initiatives and increased public company costs.

Analysis of financial condition, liquidity and capital resources

Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents was:

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​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Change

​ ​ (in thousands)

Cash provided by/(used in): ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

​

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Net cash provided (used) by operating activities was comprised of:

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​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Change

​ ​ (in thousands)

Adjustments ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

Acquisition-related cost of goods sold ​ — ​ 280 ​ — ​ (280) ​ 280

Acquisition-related transaction costs ​ — ​ 462 ​ 213 ​ (462) ​ 249

Acquisition-related other, net ​ — ​ (2,821) ​ ​ — ​ 2,821 ​ (2,821)

​

Certain amounts may reflect rounding adjustments.

Operating activities

Operating activities provided $48.3 million of net cash for the year ended June 30, 2021. Profitable business performance resulted in cash provided by net income and non-cash items, including depreciation and amortization, of $78.2 million. Cash used in the ordinary course of business for changes in operating assets and liabilities and other items was $29.9 million. Accounts receivable used $18.2 million of cash due to increased sales and timing of collections. Cash used for inventory was $12.5 million. Inventory increases were primarily due to forecasted future demand and internal production schedules. For certain products, we are maintaining safety stocks to mitigate potential disruptions in production. Other assets and prepaid expenses used $1.9 million and $1.6 million of cash, respectively. Accounts payable provided $3.1 million of cash due to timing of payments. Accrued expenses and other liabilities provided cash of $1.2 million due to timing of payments for employee-related liabilities.

Operating activities provided $59.3 million of net cash for the year ended June 30, 2020. Profitable business performance resulted in cash provided by net income, adjusted for the effect of non-cash charges of $73.0 million. Cash used in the ordinary course of business for changes in operating assets and liabilities and other items was $13.7 million. Accounts receivable provided $28.7 million of cash, due to reduced sales levels and improved collection timing; days sales outstanding at June 30, 2020, of 61 days improved from 70 days at the prior year end. Inventory used $12.9 million of cash, driven by the timing of sales and consistent production levels, primarily in our Animal Health segment. Other current assets and other assets used $11.2 million and $2.1 million, respectively, due to the timing of payments in international regions and timing of domestic tax and insurance payments. Accounts payable used $7.7 million of cash, primarily due to the timing of domestic inventory purchases. Accrued expenses and other liabilities used $8.5 million, driven by payments for long-term incentive compensation and restructuring costs.

Investing activities

Investing activities used $18.6 million of net cash for the year ended June 30, 2021. Capital expenditures were $29.3 million as we continued to invest in expanding production capacity and productivity improvements. Net proceeds from maturities of short-term investments were $12.0 million. Other investing activities used $1.6 million of cash.

Investing activities used $120.4 million of net cash for the year ended June 30, 2020. Capital expenditures were $34.0 million as we continued to invest in our existing manufacturing facilities and for capacity expansion and productivity improvements. The Osprey acquisition used $54.5 million of cash. We purchased $31.0 million of short-term investments

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Financing activities

Financing activities used $17.0 million of net cash for the year ended June 30, 2021. We used proceeds from the April 2021 refinancing to pay all outstanding term loan and revolving credit balances under the 2017 Credit Facilities. We paid $2.9 million in debt issuance costs relating to the refinancing. We paid $19.4 million in dividends to holders of our Class A and Class B common stock.

Financing activities provided $40.9 million of net cash for the year ended June 30, 2020. Net borrowings on our Revolver provided $73.0 million, primarily to fund the Osprey acquisition. We paid $19.4 million in dividends to holders of our Class A and Class B common stock. We paid $12.7 million in scheduled debt and other requirements.

Liquidity and capital resources

We believe our cash on hand, our operating cash flows and our financing arrangements, including the availability of borrowings under the Revolver and foreign credit lines, will be sufficient to support our ongoing cash needs. We have considered the current and potential future effects of COVID-19 on the financial markets. At this time, we expect adequate liquidity for at least the next twelve months. However, we can provide no assurance that our liquidity and capital resources will be adequate for future funding requirements. We believe we will be able to comply with the terms of the covenants under the Credit Facilities and foreign credit lines based on our operating plan. In the event of adverse operating results and/or violation of covenants under the facilities, there can be no assurance we would be able to obtain waivers or amendments. Other risks to our meeting future funding requirements include global economic conditions and macroeconomic, business and financial disruptions that could arise, including those caused by COVID-19. There can be no assurance that a challenging economic environment or an economic downturn would not affect our liquidity or our ability to obtain future financing or fund operations or investment opportunities. In addition, our debt covenants may restrict our ability to invest. Certain relevant measures of our liquidity and capital resources follow:

​

​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Change

​ ​ (in thousands, except ratios)

Ratio of current assets to current liabilities ​ 2.62:1 ​ 2.60:1 ​ 2.71:1 ​ ​

​

We define working capital as total current assets (excluding cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments) less total current liabilities (excluding current portion of long-term debt). We calculate the ratio of current assets to current liabilities based on this definition.

At June 30, 2021, we had $95.0 million in outstanding borrowings under the 2021 Revolver. We had outstanding letters of credit and other commitments of $2.7 million, leaving $152.3 million available for borrowings and letters of credit, subject to restriction in our Credit Facilities.

We currently intend to pay quarterly dividends on our Class A and Class B common stock, subject to approval from the Board of Directors. Our Board of Directors has declared a cash dividend of $0.12 per share on Class A common stock and Class B common stock, payable on September 22, 2021. Our future ability to pay dividends will depend upon our results of operations, financial condition, capital requirements, our ability to obtain funds from our subsidiaries and other factors that our Board of Directors deems relevant. Additionally, the terms of our current and any future agreements governing our indebtedness could limit our ability to pay dividends or make other distributions.

Based on the funded status on June 30, 2021, the Company does not expect to contribute to the domestic pension plan during 2022.

At June 30, 2021, our cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments included $91.6 million held by our international subsidiaries. There are no restrictions on cash distributions to PAHC from our international subsidiaries.

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Contractual obligations

Payments due under contractual obligations as of June 30, 2021, were:

​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

​ ​ Years ​ ​ ​

​ Within 1 Over 1 to 3 Over 3 to 5 Over 5 Total

​ ​ (in thousands)

Revolving credit facility ​ — ​ — ​ 95,000 ​ — ​ 95,000

Contingent consideration ​ 4,840 ​ — ​ — ​ — ​ 4,840

​

For purposes of estimating interest payments, we assumed long-term debt will decrease in accordance with the scheduled payments and the Revolver continues unchanged at the June 30, 2021, balance. We assumed future interest rates and applicable rates are the same as the rates at June 30, 2021.

Excluded from the contractual obligations table is the liability for unrecognized tax benefits totaling $5.7 million. This liability for unrecognized tax benefits has been excluded because we cannot make a reliable estimate of the periods in which the liability will be realized.

Analysis of the consolidated balance sheets

​

​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Change

​ ​ (in thousands)

​

Payment terms outside the U.S. are typically longer than in the United States. We regularly monitor our accounts receivable for collectability, particularly in countries where economic conditions remain uncertain. We believe that our allowance for doubtful accounts is appropriate. Our assessment is based on such factors as past due history, historical and expected collection patterns, the financial condition of our customers, the robust nature of our credit and collection practices and the economic environment. We calculate DSO based on a 360-day year and compare accounts receivable with sales for the quarter ending at the balance sheet date.

​

​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Change

​ ​ (in thousands)

​

Inventory increased by $19.7 million in 2021, primarily due to additional volumes and the effect of currency fluctuations. Inventories increased by $12.5 million, as measured by exchange rates at the time of the transactions.

Off-balance sheet arrangements

We currently do not use off-balance sheet arrangements for the purpose of credit enhancement, hedging transactions, investment or other financial purposes.

In the ordinary course of business, we may indemnify our counterparties against certain liabilities that may arise. These indemnifications typically pertain to environmental matters. If the indemnified party were to make a successful claim pursuant to the terms of the indemnification, we would be required to reimburse the loss. These indemnifications generally are subject to certain restrictions and limitations.

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Selected Quarterly Financial Data (Unaudited)

To facilitate quarterly comparisons, the following unaudited information presents the quarterly results of operations, including segment data, for the years ended June 30, 2021 and 2020. This quarterly financial data was prepared on the same basis as, and should be read in conjunction with, the audited consolidated financial statements and related notes included herein.

​

​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

​ ​ Quarters ​ Year

​ September 30, December 31, March 31, June 30, June 30,

​ ​ (in thousands)

Net sales ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

Net income per share ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

Adjusted EBITDA ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

Reconciliation of net income to Adjusted EBITDA ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

Stock-based compensation ​ 565 ​ 564 ​ — ​ — ​ 1,129

​

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​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

​ ​ Quarters ​ Year

​ September 30, December 31, March 31, June 30, June 30,

​ ​ (in thousands)

Net sales ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

Net income per share ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

Adjusted EBITDA ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

Reconciliation of net income to Adjusted EBITDA ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

Restructuring costs ​ 425 ​ — ​ — ​ — ​ 425

Acquisition-related cost of goods sold ​ ​ 280 ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ 280

Acquisition-related transaction costs ​ 462 ​ — ​ — ​ — ​ 462

Acquisition-related other, net ​ — ​ 167 ​ — ​ (2,988) ​ (2,821)

​

General description of non-GAAP financial measures

Adjusted EBITDA

Adjusted EBITDA is an alternative view of performance used by management as our primary operating measure, and we believe that investors’ understanding of our performance is enhanced by disclosing this performance measure. We report Adjusted EBITDA to portray the results of our operations prior to considering certain income statement elements. We have defined EBITDA as net income (loss) plus (i) interest expense, net, (ii) provision for income taxes or less benefit for income taxes, and (iii) depreciation and amortization. We have defined Adjusted EBITDA as EBITDA plus (a) (income) loss from, and disposal of, discontinued operations, (b) other expense or less other income, as separately reported on our consolidated statements of operations, including foreign currency gains and losses, and (c)

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certain items that we consider to be unusual, non-operational or non-recurring. The Adjusted EBITDA measure is not, and should not be viewed as, a substitute for GAAP reported net income.

The Adjusted EBITDA measure is an important internal measurement for us. We measure our overall performance on this basis in conjunction with other performance metrics. The following are examples of how our Adjusted EBITDA measure is utilized:

● our annual budgets are prepared on an Adjusted EBITDA basis; and

Despite the importance of this measure to management in goal setting and performance measurement, Adjusted EBITDA is a non-GAAP financial measure that has no standardized meaning prescribed by GAAP and, therefore, has limits in its usefulness to investors. Because of its non-standardized definition, Adjusted EBITDA, unlike GAAP net income, may not be comparable to the calculation of similar measures of other companies. Adjusted EBITDA is presented to permit investors to more fully understand how management assesses performance.

We also recognize that, as an internal measure of performance, the Adjusted EBITDA measure has limitations, and we do not restrict our performance management process solely to this metric. A limitation of the Adjusted EBITDA measure is that it provides a view of our operations without including all events during a period, such as the depreciation of property, plant and equipment or amortization of purchased intangibles, and does not provide a comparable view of our performance to other companies.

Certain significant items

Adjusted EBITDA is calculated prior to considering certain items. We evaluate such items on an individual basis. Such evaluation considers both the quantitative and the qualitative aspect of their unusual or non-operational nature. Unusual, in this context, may represent items that are not part of our ongoing business; items that, either as a result of their nature or size, we would not expect to occur as part of our normal business on a regular basis.

We consider acquisition-related activities and business restructuring costs related to productivity and cost saving initiatives, including employee separation costs, to be unusual items that we do not expect to occur as part of our normal business on a regular basis. We consider foreign currency gains and losses to be non-operational because they arise principally from intercompany transactions and are largely non-cash in nature.

New accounting standards

For discussion of new accounting standards, see “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements — Summary of Significant Accounting Policies and New Accounting Standards.”

Critical accounting policies

Critical accounting policies are those that require application of management’s most difficult, subjective and/or complex judgments, often as a result of the need to make estimates about the effect of matters that are inherently uncertain and may change in subsequent periods. Not all accounting policies require management to make difficult, subjective or complex judgments or estimates. In presenting our consolidated financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (GAAP), we are required to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses. Actual results that differ from our estimates and assumptions could have an unfavorable effect on our financial position and results of operations.

The full extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic will directly or indirectly impact our business, results of operations and financial condition will depend on future developments that are uncertain. Although vaccines are now available, distribution efforts vary widely country-by-country and state-by-state. New information may continue to emerge concerning COVID-19, and actions required to contain or treat it may affect the duration and severity of the pandemic. The pandemic may have significant economic impacts on customers, suppliers and markets. The pandemic may affect our future revenues, expenses, reserves and allowances, manufacturing operations and employee-related

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costs. Our financial statements include estimates of the effects of COVID-19 and there may be changes to those estimates in future periods.

The following is a summary of accounting policies that we consider critical to the consolidated financial statements.

Revenue Recognition

We recognize revenue from product sales when control of the products has transferred to the customer, typically when title and risk of loss transfer to the customer. Certain of our businesses have terms where control of the underlying product transfers to the customer on shipment, while others have terms where control transfers to the customer on delivery.

Revenue reflects the total consideration to which we expect to be entitled, in exchange for delivery of products or services, net of variable consideration. Variable consideration includes customer programs and incentive offerings, including pricing arrangements, rebates and other volume-based incentives. We record reductions to revenue for estimated variable consideration at the time we record the sale. Our estimates for variable consideration reflect the amount by which we expect variable consideration to effect the revenue recognized. Such estimates are based on contractual terms and historical experience, and are adjusted to reflect future expectations as new information becomes available. Historically, we have not had significant adjustments to our estimates of customer incentives. Sales returns and product recalls have been insignificant and infrequent due to the nature of the products we sell.

Net sales include shipping and handling fees billed to customers. The associated costs are considered fulfillment activities, not additional promised services to the customer, and are included in costs of goods sold when the related revenue is recognized in the consolidated statements of operations. Net sales exclude value-added and other taxes based on sales.

Business Combinations

Our consolidated financial statements reflect the operations of an acquired business beginning as of the date of acquisition. Assets acquired and liabilities assumed are recorded at their fair values at the date of acquisition; goodwill is recorded for any excess of the purchase price over the fair values of the net assets acquired. Significant judgment may be required to determine the fair values of certain tangible and intangible assets and in assigning their respective useful lives. Significant judgment also may be required to determine the fair values of contingent consideration, if any. We typically utilize third-party valuation specialists to assist us in determining fair values of significant tangible and intangible assets and contingent consideration. The fair values are based on available historical information and on future expectations and assumptions deemed reasonable by management, but are inherently uncertain. We typically use an income method to measure the fair value of intangible assets, based on forecasts of the expected future cash flows attributable to the respective assets. Significant estimates and assumptions inherent in the valuations reflect consideration of other marketplace participants, and include the amount and timing of future cash flows, specifically the expected revenue growth rate applied to the cash flows. Unanticipated market or macroeconomic events and circumstances could affect the accuracy or validity of the estimates and assumptions. Determining the useful life of an intangible asset also requires judgment. Our estimates of the useful lives of intangible assets primarily are based on a number of factors including the competitive environment, underlying product life cycles, operating plans and the macroeconomic environment of the countries in which the products are sold. Intangible assets are amortized over their estimated lives. Intangible assets associated with acquired in-process research and development activities (“IPR&D”) are not amortized until a product is available for sale and regulatory approval is obtained.

Long-Lived Assets and Goodwill

We periodically review our long-lived and amortizable intangible assets for impairment and assess whether significant events or changes in business circumstances indicate that the carrying value of the assets may not be recoverable. Such circumstances may include a significant decrease in the market price of an asset, a significant adverse change in the manner in which the asset is being used or in its physical condition or a history of operating or cash flow losses associated with the use of an asset. We recognize an impairment loss when the carrying amount of an asset exceeds the anticipated future undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use of the asset and its eventual disposition. The amount of the impairment loss is the excess of the asset’s carrying value over its fair value. In addition, we periodically reassess the estimated remaining useful lives of our long-lived and amortizable intangible assets.

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Changes to estimated useful lives would affect the amount of depreciation and amortization recorded in the consolidated statements of operations.

Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the identifiable net assets acquired in a business combination. We assess goodwill for impairment annually during the fourth quarter, or more frequently if impairment indicators exist. Impairment exists when the carrying amount of goodwill exceeds its implied fair value. We may elect to assess our goodwill for impairment using a qualitative or a quantitative approach, to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of goodwill is greater than its carrying value. During the three months ended June 30, 2021, we tested goodwill using a qualitative approach and determined goodwill was not impaired. We have not recorded any goodwill impairment charges in the periods included in the consolidated financial statements.

We evaluate our investments in equity method investees for impairment if circumstances indicate that the fair value of the investment may be impaired. The assets underlying a $2.7 million equity investment are currently idled; we have concluded the investment is not impaired, based on expected future operating cash flows and/or disposal value.

Income Taxes

The provision for income taxes includes U.S. federal, state, and foreign income taxes and foreign withholding taxes. Our annual effective income tax rate is determined based on our income, statutory tax rates and tax planning opportunities available in the various jurisdictions in which we operate and the tax impacts of items treated differently for tax purposes than for financial reporting purposes. Tax law requires certain items be included in the tax return at different times than the items are reflected in the financial statements. Some of these differences are permanent, such as expenses that are not deductible in our tax return, and some differences are temporary, reversing over time, such as depreciation expense. These temporary differences give rise to deferred tax assets and liabilities. Deferred tax assets generally represent the tax effect of items that can be used as a tax deduction or credit in future years for which we have already recorded the tax benefit in our income statement. Deferred tax liabilities generally represent the tax effect of items recorded as tax expense in our income statement for which payment has been deferred, the tax effect of expenditures for which a deduction has already been taken in our tax return but has not yet been recognized in our income statement or the tax effect of assets recorded at fair value in business combinations for which there was no corresponding tax basis adjustment.

The recognition and measurement of a tax position is based on management’s best judgment given the facts, circumstances and information available at the reporting date. Inherent in determining our annual effective income tax rate are judgments regarding business plans, planning opportunities and expectations about future outcomes. Realization of certain deferred tax assets, primarily net operating loss carryforwards, is dependent upon generating sufficient future taxable income in the appropriate jurisdiction prior to the expiration of the carryforward periods. We establish valuation allowances for deferred tax assets when the amount of expected future taxable income is not likely to support the use of the deduction or credit.

We may take tax positions that management believes are supportable, but are potentially subject to successful challenge by the applicable taxing authority in the jurisdictions where we operate. We evaluate our tax positions and establish liabilities in accordance with the applicable accounting guidance on uncertainty in income taxes. We review these tax uncertainties in light of changing facts and circumstances, such as the progress of tax audits, and adjust them accordingly.

We account for income tax contingencies using a benefit recognition model. If our initial assessment does not result in the recognition of a tax benefit, we regularly monitor our position and subsequently recognize the tax benefit if: (i) there are changes in tax law or there is new information that sufficiently raise the likelihood of prevailing on the technical merits of the position to “more likely than not;” (ii) the statute of limitations expires; or (iii) there is a completion of an audit resulting in a favorable settlement of that tax year with the appropriate agency. We regularly re-evaluate our tax positions based on the results of audits of federal, state and foreign income tax filings, statute of limitations expirations, and changes in tax law or receipt of new information that would either increase or decrease the technical merits of a position relative to the “more-likely-than-not” standard.

Our assessments concerning uncertain tax positions are based on estimates and assumptions that have been deemed reasonable by management, but our estimates of unrecognized tax benefits and potential tax benefits may not be representative of actual outcomes, and variation from such estimates could materially affect our financial statements in the period of settlement or when the statutes of limitations expire. Finalizing audits with the relevant taxing authorities

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can include formal administrative and legal proceedings, and, as a result, it is difficult to estimate the timing and range of possible changes related to our uncertain tax positions, and such changes could be significant.

Because there are a number of estimates and assumptions inherent in calculating the various components of our income tax provision, certain future events such as changes in tax legislation, geographic mix of earnings, completion of tax audits or earnings repatriation plans could have an impact on those estimates and our effective income tax rate.

We consider undistributed earnings of foreign subsidiaries to be indefinitely reinvested in our international operations. The undistributed earnings of foreign subsidiaries were subject to the U.S. one-time mandatory toll charge and are eligible to be repatriated to the U.S. without additional U.S. tax under the Tax Act. Should our plans change and we decide to repatriate some or all of the remaining cash held by our international subsidiaries, the amounts repatriated could be subject to applicable non-U.S. income and withholding taxes in international jurisdictions.

For more information regarding our significant accounting policies, estimates and assumptions, see “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements — Summary of Significant Accounting Policies and New Accounting Standards.”

Contingencies

Legal matters

We are subject to numerous contingencies arising in the ordinary course of business, such as product liability and other product-related litigation, commercial litigation, environmental claims and proceedings and government investigations. Certain of these contingencies could result in losses, including damages, fines and/or civil penalties, and/or criminal charges, which could be substantial. We believe that we have strong defenses in these types of matters, but litigation is inherently unpredictable and excessive verdicts do occur. We do not believe that any of these matters will have a material adverse effect on our financial position. However, we could incur judgments, enter into settlements or revise our expectations regarding the outcome of certain matters, and such developments could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations or cash flows in the period in which the amounts are paid and/or accrued.

We have accrued for losses that are both probable and reasonably estimable. Substantially all of these contingencies are subject to significant uncertainties and, therefore, determining the likelihood of a loss and/or the measurement of any loss can be complex. Consequently, we are unable to estimate the range of reasonably possible loss in excess of amounts accrued. Our assessments are based on estimates and assumptions that have been deemed reasonable by management, but the assessment process relies heavily on estimates and assumptions that may prove to be incomplete or inaccurate, and unanticipated events and circumstances may occur that might cause us to change those estimates and assumptions.

Environmental

Our operations and properties are subject to Environmental Laws and regulations. As such, the nature of our current and former operations exposes us to the risk of claims with respect to such matters, including fines, penalties, and remediation obligations that may be imposed by regulatory authorities. Under certain circumstances, we might be required to curtail operations until a particular problem is remedied. Known costs and expenses under Environmental Laws incidental to ongoing operations, including the cost of litigation proceedings relating to environmental matters, are generally included within operating results. Potential costs and expenses may also be incurred in connection with the repair or upgrade of facilities to meet existing or new requirements under Environmental Laws or to investigate or remediate potential or actual contamination and from time to time we establish reserves for such contemplated investigation and remediation costs. In many instances, the ultimate costs under Environmental Laws and the time period during which such costs are likely to be incurred are difficult to predict.

While we believe that our operations are currently in material compliance with Environmental Laws, we have, from time to time, received notices of violation from governmental authorities, and have been involved in civil or criminal action for such violations. Additionally, at various sites, our subsidiaries are engaged in continuing investigation, remediation and/or monitoring efforts to address contamination associated with historic operations of the sites. We devote considerable resources to complying with Environmental Laws and managing environmental liabilities. We have developed programs to identify requirements under, and maintain compliance with Environmental Laws; however, we cannot predict with certainty the impact of increased and more stringent regulation on our operations, future capital expenditure requirements, or the cost of compliance.

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The nature of our current and former operations exposes us to the risk of claims with respect to environmental matters and we cannot assure we will not incur material costs and liabilities in connection with such claims. Based upon our experience to date, we believe that the future cost of compliance with existing Environmental Laws, and liabilities for known environmental claims pursuant to such Environmental Laws, will not have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations, cash flows or liquidity.

For additional details, see “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements — Commitments and Contingencies.”

For additional details, see “Business — Environmental, Health and Safety.”

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Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

Foreign exchange risk

Portions of our net sales and costs are exposed to changes in foreign exchange rates. Our products are sold in more than 80 countries and, as a result, our revenues are influenced by changes in foreign exchange rates. Because we operate in multiple foreign currencies, changes in those currencies relative to the U.S. dollar could affect our revenue and expenses, and consequently, net income. Exchange rate fluctuations may also have an effect beyond our reported financial results and directly affect operations. These fluctuations may affect the ability to buy and sell our goods and services in markets affected by significant exchange rate variances.

Our primary foreign currency exposures are to the Brazilian and Israeli currencies. From time to time, we manage foreign exchange risk through the use of foreign currency derivative contracts. We use these contracts to mitigate the potential earnings effects from exposure to foreign currencies.

We analyzed our foreign currency derivative contracts at June 30, 2021 to determine their sensitivity to exchange rate changes. The analysis indicates that if the U.S. dollar were to appreciate or depreciate by 10%, the fair value of these contracts would decrease by $1.4 million or increase by $1.8 million. For additional details, see “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements — Derivatives.”

Interest rate risk

We have effectively converted $300 million of our outstanding debt to fixed interest rates through June 2025, through the use of interest rate swap agreements. Our debt in excess of $300 million and all debt after the maturity of the interest rate swap agreements is floating interest rate debt. Our Credit Facilities carry floating interest rates based on LIBOR and the Prime Rate, to the extent not effectively converted to fixed interest rate debt. Therefore, our profitability and cash flows are exposed to interest rate fluctuations. Our interest rates also include variable applicable rates in addition to the LIBOR portion of our interest obligation. The applicable rates vary from 1.50% to 2.00%, based on the First Lien Net Leverage Ratio, as defined in the Credit Facilities.

In July 2017, we entered into an interest rate swap agreement on $150 million of notional principal that effectively converts the floating LIBOR portion of our interest obligation on that amount of debt to a fixed interest rate of 1.8325%. The agreement matures in June 2022. In March 2020, we entered into an interest rate swap agreement on an additional $150 million of notional principal that effectively converts the floating LIBOR portion of our interest obligation on that amount of debt to a fixed rate of 0.62%. On the maturity of the July 2017 agreement, the March 2020 agreement increases to a notional principal amount of $300 million through June 2025, and effectively converts the floating LIBOR portion of our interest obligation on $300 million of debt to a fixed interest rate of 0.62%. We designated the interest rate swaps as highly effective cash flow hedges.

Based on our outstanding debt balances and the applicable rate in effect as of June 30, 2021, considering the interest rate swap agreements, a 100 basis point increase in LIBOR would increase annual interest expense and decrease cash flows by $1.0 million. For additional details, see “Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements — Debt” and “Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements — Derivatives.”

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Item 8.Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

PHIBRO ANIMAL HEALTH CORPORATION

INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

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Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm 75

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Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

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To the Board of Directors and Stockholders of Phibro Animal Health Corporation

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Opinions on the Financial Statements and Internal Control over Financial Reporting

​

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Phibro Animal Health Corporation and its subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of June 30, 2021 and 2020, and the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income, changes in stockholders’ equity and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended June 30, 2021, including the related notes (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). We also have audited the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of June 30, 2021, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO).

​

In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of June 30, 2021 and 2020, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended June 30, 2021 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Also in our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of June 30, 2021, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the COSO.

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Basis for Opinions

​

The Company’s management is responsible for these consolidated financial statements, for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting appearing under Item 9A. Our responsibility is to express opinions on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

​

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud, and whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects.

​

Our audits of the consolidated financial statements included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audits also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinions.

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Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting

​

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (i)pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and

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fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (ii)provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (iii)provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

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Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

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Critical Audit Matters

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The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the consolidated financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that (i) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the consolidated financial statements and (ii) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.

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Revenue Recognition - Determination of Transaction Price

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As described in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company recognizes revenue from product sales when control of the products has transferred to the customer, typically when title and risk of loss transfer to the customer. Certain of the Company’s businesses have terms where control of the underlying product transfers to the customer on shipment, while others have terms where control transfers to the customer on delivery.Revenue reflects the total consideration to which management expects to be entitled, in exchange for delivery of products or services, net of variable consideration. Variable consideration includes customer programs and incentive offerings, including pricing arrangements, rebates and other volume-based incentives. Management records reductions to revenue for estimated variable consideration at the time it records the sale. Net sales totaled $833.4 million for the year ended June 30, 2021.

The principal consideration for our determination that performing procedures relating to revenue recognition, specifically the determination of the transaction price, is a critical audit matter is the significant audit effort in performing procedures related to management’s determination of the transaction price.

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Addressing the matter involved performing procedures and evaluating audit evidence in connection with forming our overall opinion on the consolidated financial statements. These procedures included testing the effectiveness of controls relating to the revenue recognition process, including controls over the determination of the transaction price. These procedures also included, among others, testing management’s process for determining the transaction price for the sale of goods from contracts with customers, evaluating the revenue recognition impact of contractual terms and conditions by examining contracts on a test basis, and tracing sales transactions, on a test basis, to evidence of cash receipt.

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/s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP

Florham Park, New Jersey

August 25, 2021

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We have served as the Company’s auditor since 1998.

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CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

​

​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

​ ​ (in thousands, except per share amounts)

Foreign currency (gains) losses, net ​ (4,480) ​ 826 ​ (55)

​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

Net income per share ​ ​ ​ ​

Weighted average common shares outstanding ​ ​ ​

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The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements

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CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

​

​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

​ ​ (in thousands)

Change in fair value of derivative instruments ​ 12,658 ​ (12,854) ​ (5,580)

Foreign currency translation adjustment ​ 3,643 ​ (32,513) ​ (4,127)

Unrecognized net pension gains (losses) ​ 2,598 ​ (2,521) ​ (1,837)

(Provision) benefit for income taxes ​ (3,807) ​ 3,684 ​ 1,846

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The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements

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PHIBRO ANIMAL HEALTH CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

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​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

​ (in thousands, except share and per share amounts)

ASSETS ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY ​ ​ ​

Current portion of long-term debt ​ $ 9,375 ​ $ 18,750

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities ​ 86,379 ​ 72,397

Commitments and contingencies (Note 13) ​ ​

Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity ​ $ 841,325 ​ $ 784,100

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The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements

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CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

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​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

​ ​ (in thousands)

OPERATING ACTIVITIES ​ ​ ​ ​

Adjustments to reconcile net income to ​ ​ ​

net cash provided (used) by operating activities: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

Amortization of debt issuance costs ​ 833 ​ 882 ​ 882

Acquisition-related items ​ — ​ (2,433) ​ —

Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of business acquisitions: ​ ​ ​

Accrued expenses and other liabilities ​ 1,191 ​ (8,509) ​ 4,098

INVESTING ACTIVITIES ​ ​ ​

Business acquisitions ​ — ​ (54,549) ​ (9,838)

FINANCING ACTIVITIES ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

Proceeds from long-term debt ​ ​ 300,000 ​ ​ — ​ ​ —

Issuance of acquisition note payable ​ — ​ — ​ 3,775

Payment of acquisition note payable ​ — ​ — ​ (3,775)

Debt issuance costs ​ ​ (2,940) ​ ​ — ​ ​ —

Proceeds from common shares issued ​ — ​ — ​ 1,134

Net cash provided (used) by financing activities ​ (16,995) ​ 40,936 ​ (4,107)

Effect of exchange rate changes on cash ​ 1,138 ​ (1,124) ​ (524)

Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period ​ 36,343 ​ 57,573 ​ ​ 29,168

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Supplemental cash flow information ​ ​ ​ ​

Non-cash investing and financing activities ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

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The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements

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CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)

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​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Accumulated ​ ​ ​

​ ​ Shares of ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Other ​ ​ ​

​ ​ Common ​ Common ​ Preferred ​ Paid-in ​ Retained ​ Comprehensive ​ ​ ​

​ Stock Stock Stock Capital Earnings Income (Loss) Total

Adoption of new revenue standard — ​ — ​ — ​ — ​ 1,245 ​ — ​ 1,245

Dividends declared ($0.46 per share) — ​ — ​ — ​ — ​ (18,592) ​ — ​ (18,592)

Stock-based compensation expense ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ 2,259 ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ 2,259

Stock-based compensation expense ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ 2,259 ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ 2,259

Dividends declared ($0.48 per share) — ​ — ​ — ​ — ​ (19,430) ​ — ​ (19,430)

Stock-based compensation expense — ​ — ​ — ​ 1,129 ​ — ​ — ​ 1,129

Other ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ (851) ​ ​ — ​ ​ — ​ ​ (851)

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The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(in thousands, except per share amounts)

1. Description of Business

Phibro Animal Health Corporation (“Phibro” or “PAHC”) and its subsidiaries (together, the “Company”) is a diversified global developer, manufacturer and marketer of a broad range of animal health and mineral nutrition products for food animals including poultry, swine, dairy and beef cattle and aquaculture. The Company is also a manufacturer and marketer of performance products for use in the personal care, industrial chemical and chemical catalyst industries. Unless otherwise indicated or the context requires otherwise, references in this report to “we,” “our,” “us,” and similar expressions refer to Phibro and its subsidiaries.

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2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies and New Accounting Standards

Principles of Consolidation and Basis of Presentation

The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”) and include the accounts of Phibro and its consolidated subsidiaries. Intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated from the consolidated financial statements. The decision whether or not to consolidate an entity requires consideration of majority voting interests, as well as effective control over the entity.

We present our financial statements on the basis of our fiscal year ending June 30. All references to years in these consolidated financial statements refer to the fiscal year ending or ended on June 30 of that year.

Risks and Uncertainties

The full extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic will directly or indirectly impact our business, results of operations and financial condition will depend on future developments that are uncertain. Although vaccines are now available, distribution efforts vary widely state-by-state and country-by-country. New information may continue to emerge concerning COVID-19, and the actions required to contain or treat it may affect the duration and severity of the pandemic. The pandemic may have significant economic impacts on customers, suppliers and markets. The pandemic may affect our future revenues, expenses, reserves and allowances, manufacturing operations and employee-related costs. Our financial statements include estimates of the effects of COVID-19 and there may be changes to those estimates in future periods.

The issue of the potential for increased bacterial resistance to certain antibiotics used in certain food-producing animals is the subject of discussions on a worldwide basis and, in certain instances, has led to government restrictions on or banning of the use of antibiotics in food-producing animals. The sale of antibiotics and antibacterials is a material portion of our business. Should product bans or restrictions, public perception, competition or other developments result in restrictions on the sale of such products, it could have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations and cash flows.

An outbreak of disease carried by food animals, which could lead to the widespread death or precautionary destruction of food animals as well as reduced consumption and demand for animal protein, could adversely affect demand for our products. Such occurrences could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

The testing, manufacturing, and marketing of certain of our products are subject to extensive regulation by numerous government authorities in the United States and other countries.

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We have significant assets in Israel, Brazil and other locations outside of the United States and a significant portion of our sales and earnings are attributable to operations conducted abroad. Our assets, results of operations and future prospects are subject to currency exchange fluctuations and restrictions, energy shortages, other economic developments, political or social instability in some countries, and uncertainty of, and governmental control over, commercial rights, which could result in a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations and cash flows.

We are subject to environmental laws and regulations governing the use, storage, handling, generation, treatment, emission, release, discharge and disposal of certain materials and wastes, the remediation of contaminated soil and groundwater, the manufacture, sale and use of regulated materials, including pesticides, and the health and safety of employees. As such, the nature of our current and former operations and those of our subsidiaries expose Phibro and our subsidiaries to the risk of claims with respect to such matters.

Use of Estimates

The Company’s consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (GAAP). Preparation of these financial statements requires management to make certain estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues, expenses and related disclosures. Actual results could differ from these estimates. Estimates are used when accounting for the valuation of intangible assets, depreciation and amortization periods of long-lived and intangible assets, recoverability of long-lived and intangible assets and goodwill, realizability of deferred income tax assets, sales discounts, rebates, allowances and incentives, contingencies, employee compensation and actuarial assumptions related to our pension plans. We regularly evaluate our estimates and assumptions using historical experience and other factors. Our estimates are based on complex judgments, probabilities and assumptions that we believe to be reasonable.

Revenue Recognition

We recognize revenue from product sales when control of the products has transferred to the customer, typically when title and risk of loss transfer to the customer. Certain of our businesses have terms where control of the underlying product transfers to the customer on shipment, while others have terms where control transfers to the customer on delivery.

Revenue reflects the total consideration to which we expect to be entitled in exchange for delivery of products or services, net of variable consideration. Variable consideration includes customer programs and incentive offerings, including pricing arrangements, rebates and other volume-based incentives. We record reductions to revenue for estimated variable consideration at the time we record the sale. Our estimates for variable consideration reflect the amount by which we expect variable consideration to effect the revenue recognized. Such estimates are generally based on contractual terms and historical experience, and are adjusted to reflect future expectations as new information becomes available. Historically, we have not had significant adjustments to our estimates of variable compensation. Sales returns and product recalls have been insignificant and infrequent due to the nature of the products we sell.

Net sales include shipping and handling fees billed to customers. The associated costs are considered fulfillment activities and are included in costs of goods sold in the consolidated statements of operations when the related revenue is recognized. Net sales exclude value-added and other taxes based on sales.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash equivalents include highly liquid investments with maturities of three months or less when purchased. Cash and cash equivalents held at financial institutions may at times exceed insured amounts. We believe we mitigate such risk by investing in or through major financial institutions.

Short-term Investments

Short-term investments include highly liquid investments with maturities greater than three months and less than one year at the time of purchase. We classify these investments as held to maturity and we record the related interest income as earned. We determine the appropriate balance sheet classification at the time of purchase and at each balance

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sheet date. Investments held at financial institutions may at times exceed insured amounts. We believe we mitigate such risk by investing in or through major financial institutions.

Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

Trade accounts receivable are recorded at the invoiced amount and do not bear interest. We grant credit terms in the normal course of business and generally do not require collateral or other security to support credit sales. Our ten largest customers represented, in aggregate, approximately 16% and 19% of accounts receivable at June 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

The allowance for doubtful accounts is our best estimate of the credit losses in existing accounts receivable. We monitor the financial performance and creditworthiness of our customers so that we can properly assess and respond to changes in their credit profile. We also monitor domestic and international economic conditions for the potential effect on our customers. Past due balances are reviewed individually for collectability. Account balances are charged against the allowance when we determine it is probable the receivable will not be recovered.

Inventories

Inventories are valued at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Cost is determined principally under weighted average and standard cost methods, which approximate first-in, first-out (FIFO) cost. Obsolete and unsalable inventories, if any, are reflected at estimated net realizable value. Inventory costs include materials, direct labor and manufacturing overhead.

Property, Plant and Equipment

Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost.

Depreciation is charged to results of operations using the straight-linemethod based upon the assets’ estimated useful lives, ranging from two to thirty years for buildings and improvements, and three to ten years for machinery and equipment. We capitalize costs that extend the useful life or productive capacity of an asset. Repair and maintenance costs are expensed as incurred. In the case of disposals, the assets and related accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts, and the net amounts, less proceeds from disposal, are included in the consolidated statements of operations.

Leases

We determine at the inception of an arrangement whether the arrangement contains a lease. If an arrangement contains a lease, we assess the lease term when the underlying asset is available for use (“lease commencement”). Individual lease terms reflect the non-cancellable period of the lease, reasonably certain renewal periods and consideration of termination options. We determine the lease classification as either operating or financing at lease commencement, which governs the pattern of expense recognition and presentation in our consolidated financial statements. Our current lease portfolio only includes operating leases.

We recognize a right-of-use (“ROU”) asset and a corresponding lease liability at lease commencement for leases with terms exceeding twelve months. Short-term leases with terms of twelve months or less are not recognized on the consolidated balance sheet and lease payments are recognized on a straight-line basis over the term.

The values of the ROU assets and lease liabilities are calculated based on the present value of the fixed payment obligations over the lease term, using our incremental borrowing rate (“IBR”), determined at lease commencement. The IBR reflects the rate of interest we would expect to pay on a secured basis to borrow an amount equal to the lease payments under similar terms. The IBR incorporates the term and economic environment of the respective lease arrangements.

We have elected to account for lease and non-lease components together as a single lease component and include fixed payment obligations related to such non-lease components in the measurement of ROU assets and lease liabilities. Fixed lease payments are recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Variable lease payments can include index-based lease payments, real estate taxes, maintenance costs, utilization charges and other non-lease services paid to

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lessors and are not determinable at lease commencement. Variable lease payments are not included in the measurement of ROU assets and lease liabilities and are recognized in the period incurred.

Capitalized Software Costs

We capitalize costs to obtain, develop and implement software for internal use. Amounts paid to third parties and costs of internal employees who are directly associated with the software project are also capitalized, depending on the stage of development.

We expense software costs that do not meet the capitalization criteria. Capitalized software costs are included in property, plant and equipment on the consolidated balance sheets and are amortized on a straight-line basis over three to seven years.

Debt Issuance Costs

Costs and original issue discounts or premiums related to issuance or modification of our debt are deferred on the consolidated balance sheet and amortized over the lives of the respective debt instruments. Amortization of debt issuance costs is included in interest expense in the consolidated statements of operations.

Business Combinations

Our consolidated financial statements reflect the operations of an acquired business beginning as of the date of acquisition. Assets acquired and liabilities assumed are recorded at their fair values at the date of acquisition; goodwill is recorded for any excess of the purchase price over the fair values of the net assets acquired.

Significant judgment may be required to determine the fair values of certain tangible and intangible assets and in assigning their respective useful lives. Significant judgment also may be required to determine the fair values of contingent consideration, if any. We typically utilize third-party valuation specialists to assist us in determining fair values of significant tangible and intangible assets and contingent consideration. The fair values are based on available historical information and on future expectations and assumptions deemed reasonable by management, but are inherently uncertain. We typically use an income method to measure the fair value of intangible assets, based on forecasts of the expected future cash flows attributable to the respective assets. Significant estimates and assumptions inherent in the valuations reflect consideration of other marketplace participants and include the amount and timing of future cash flows, specifically the expected revenue growth rate applied to the cash flows. Unanticipated market or macroeconomic events and circumstances could affect the accuracy or validity of the estimates and assumptions. Determining the useful life of an intangible asset also requires judgment. Our estimates of the useful lives of intangible assets primarily are based on a number of factors including the competitive environment, underlying product life cycles, operating plans and the macroeconomic environment of the countries in which the products are sold. Intangible assets are amortized over their estimated lives. Intangible assets associated with acquired in-process research and development activities (“IPR&D”) are not amortized until a product is available for sale and regulatory approval is obtained.

Long-Lived Assets and Goodwill

We periodically review our long-lived and amortizable intangible assets for impairment and assess whether significant events or changes in business circumstances indicate that the carrying value of the assets may not be recoverable. Such circumstances may include a significant decrease in the market price of an asset, a significant adverse change in the manner in which the asset is being used or in its physical condition or a history of operating or cash flow losses associated with the use of an asset. We recognize an impairment loss when the carrying amount of an asset exceeds the anticipated future undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use of the asset and its eventual disposition. The amount of the impairment loss is the excess of the asset’s carrying value over its fair value. In addition, we periodically reassess the estimated remaining useful lives of our long-lived and amortizable intangible assets. Changes to estimated useful lives would affect the amount of depreciation and amortization recorded in the consolidated statements of operations.

We periodically review our indefinite-lived intangible assets associated with acquired IPR&D for impairment and assess whether significant events or changes in business circumstances indicate that the carrying value of the assets may not be recoverable. We recognize an impairment loss when the carrying amount of an asset exceeds the anticipated

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future discounted cash flows expected to result from the use of the asset and its eventual disposition. The amount of the impairment loss is the excess of the asset’s carrying value over its fair value. We assess IPR&D for impairment annually during our fourth quarter, or more frequently if impairment indicators exist.

Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the identifiable net assets acquired in a business combination. We assess goodwill for impairment annually during our fourth quarter, or more frequently if impairment indicators exist. Impairment exists when the carrying amount of goodwill exceeds its implied fair value. We may elect to assess our goodwill for impairment using a qualitative or a quantitative approach, to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of goodwill is greater than its carrying value. During the three months ended June 30, 2021, we tested goodwill using a qualitative approach and determined goodwill was not impaired. We have not recorded any goodwill impairment charges in the periods included in the consolidated financial statements.

Foreign Currency Translation

We generally use local currency as the functional currency to measure the financial position and results of operations of each of our international subsidiaries. We translate assets and liabilities of these operations at the exchange rates in effect at the balance sheet date. We translate income statement accounts at the average rates of exchange prevailing during the period. Translation adjustments that arise from the use of differing exchange rates from period to period are included as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) in stockholders’ equity.Certain of our Israeli operations have designated the U.S. dollar as their functional currency. Gains and losses arising from re-measurement of local currency accounts into U.S. dollars are included in determining net income.

Comprehensive Income

Comprehensive income consists of net income and the changes in: (i) the fair value of derivative instruments that qualify for hedge accounting; (ii) foreign currency translation adjustments; (iii) unrecognized net pension gains (losses); and (iv) the related (provision) benefit for income taxes.

Derivative Financial Instruments

We record all derivative financial instruments on the consolidated balance sheets at fair value. Changes in the fair value of derivatives are recorded in results of operations or other comprehensive income (loss), depending on whether a derivative is designated and effective as part of a hedge transaction and, if so, the type of hedge transaction. Gains and losses on derivative instruments designated and effective as part of a hedge transaction are included in the results of operations in the periods in which operations are affected by the underlying hedged item.

From time to time, we use certain derivative instruments to mitigate the risk associated with certain economic factors, such as exchange rates and interest rates, which may potentially affect our future cash flows. As of June 30, 2021, we used (i) foreign currency option contracts to mitigate certain exposures related to changes in foreign currency exchange rates on forecasted inventory purchases, and (ii) interest rate swaps on $300,000 of notional principal to manage future cash flow exposure resulting from variable interest rates on that amount of debt. To qualify a derivative as a hedge, we document the nature and relationships between hedging instruments and hedged items, the prospective effectiveness of the hedging instrument as well as the ultimate effectiveness, the risk-management objectives, the strategies for undertaking the various hedge transactions and the methods of assessing hedge effectiveness. We do not engage in trading or other speculative uses of financial instruments.

Environmental Liabilities

Expenditures for ongoing compliance with environmental regulations are expensed or capitalized as appropriate. We capitalize expenditures made to extend the useful life or productive capacity of an asset, including expenditures that prevent future environmental contamination. Other expenditures are expensed as incurred and are recorded in selling, general and administrative expenses in the consolidated statements of operations. We record the expense and related liability in the period an environmental assessment indicates remedial efforts are probable and the costs can be reasonably estimated. Estimates of the liability are based upon currently available facts, existing technology and presently enacted laws and regulations taking into consideration the likely effects of inflation and other societal and economic factors. All available evidence is considered, including prior experience in remediation of contaminated sites,

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other companies’ experiences and data released by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and other organizations. The estimated liabilities are not discounted. We record anticipated recoveries under existing insurance contracts if probable.

Income Taxes

The provision for income taxes includes U.S. federal, state, and foreign income taxes and foreign withholding taxes. Our annual effective income tax rate is determined based on our income, statutory tax rates and tax planning opportunities available in the various jurisdictions in which we operate and the tax effects of items treated differently for tax purposes than for financial reporting purposes. Tax law requires certain items be included in the tax return at different times than the items are reflected in the financial statements. Some of these differences are permanent, such as expenses that are not deductible in our tax return, and some differences are temporary, reversing over time, such as depreciation expense. These temporary differences give rise to deferred tax assets and liabilities. Deferred tax assets generally represent the tax effect of items that can be used as a tax deduction or credit in future years for which we have already recorded the tax benefit in our income statement. Deferred tax liabilities generally represent the tax effect of items recorded as tax expense in our income statement for which payment has been deferred, the tax effect of expenditures for which a deduction has already been taken in our tax return but has not yet been recognized in our income statement, and the tax effect of assets recorded at fair value in business combinations for which there was no corresponding tax basis adjustment.

The recognition and measurement of a tax position is based on management’s best judgment given the facts, circumstances and information available at the reporting date. Inherent in determining our annual effective income tax rate are judgments regarding business plans, planning opportunities and expectations about future outcomes. Realization of certain deferred tax assets, primarily net operating loss carryforwards, is dependent upon generating sufficient future taxable income in the appropriate jurisdiction prior to the expiration of the carryforward periods. We establish valuation allowances for deferred tax assets when the amount of expected future taxable income is not likely to support the use of the deduction or credit.

We may take tax positions that management believes are supportable, but are potentially subject to successful challenge by the applicable taxing authority in the jurisdictions where we operate. We evaluate our tax positions and establish liabilities in accordance with the applicable accounting guidance on uncertainty in income taxes. We review these tax uncertainties in light of changing facts and circumstances, such as the progress of tax audits, and adjust them accordingly.

Because there are a number of estimates and assumptions inherent in calculating the various components of our income tax provision, future events such as changes in tax legislation, the geographic mix of earnings, completion of tax audits or earnings repatriation plans could have an effect on those estimates and our effective income tax rate.

Advertising

Advertising and marketing costs are expensed as incurred and are reflected in selling, general and administrative expenses.

Research and Development Expenditures

Research and development expenditures are expensed as incurred and are recorded in selling, general and administrative expenses in the consolidated statements of operations. Most of our manufacturing facilities have scientists and technicians on staff involved in product development, quality assurance and providing technical services to customers. Research, development and technical service efforts are conducted at various facilities. Our animal health research and development activities relate to: fermentation development and microbiological strain improvement; vaccine development; chemical synthesis and formulation development; nutritional specialties development; and ethanol-related products.

Stock-Based Compensation

We recognize expense for stock-based compensation to employees, including grants of stock options and restricted stock units, over the requisite service period based on the grant date fair value of the awards. We determine the fair value

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of stock options and restricted stock units using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model and the Monte Carlo simulation model, respectively. Each model uses historical and current market data to estimate the fair value. The models incorporate various assumptions such as the risk-free interest rate, expected volatility, expected dividend yield and expected life of the awards.

Net Income per Share and Weighted Average Shares

Basic net income per share is calculated by dividing net income by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the reporting period.

Diluted net income per share is calculated by dividing net income by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the reporting period after giving effect to potential dilutive common shares resulting from the assumed exercise of stock options and vesting of restricted stock units. All common share equivalents were included in the calculation of diluted net income per share in the periods included in the consolidated financial statements.

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Dilutive effect of stock options and restricted stock units ​ 31 ​ 50 ​ 111

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Net income per share ​ ​ ​ ​

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New Accounting Standards

Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2020-04 and 2021-01, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848), provide optional expedients and exceptions to GAAP guidance, if certain criteria are met, for contracts, hedging relationships and derivative instruments that reference the London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) and other interbank offered rates expected to be discontinued or modified by rate reform. The overall purpose of Topic 848 is to ease the financial reporting burdens related to the expected market transition to alternative reference rates. These ASUs may be applied prospectively to contract modifications made and hedging relationships entered into on or before December 31, 2022. We continue to evaluate the effect of adoption of this guidance on our consolidated financial statements.

ASU 2019-12, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes, removes certain exceptions and amends certain requirements in the existing income tax guidance to ease accounting requirements. ASU 2019-12 is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2020, and must be applied on a retrospective basis. We continue to evaluate the effect of adoption of this guidance on our consolidated financial statements.

ASU 2018-14, Compensation — Retirement Benefits — Defined Benefit Plans — General (Topic 715-20):Disclosure Framework — Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Defined Benefit Plans, modifies existing disclosure requirements for defined benefit pension and other postretirement plans. ASU 2018-14 is effective for fiscal years ending after December 15, 2020, and must be applied on a retrospective basis. The adoption of this guidance did not have a material effect on our consolidated financial statements.

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3. Acquisition

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In August 2019, we acquired the business and assets of Osprey Biotechnics, Inc. (“Osprey”). Osprey is a developer, manufacturer and marketer of microbial products and bioproducts for a variety of applications, serving customers in the animal health and nutrition, environmental, industrial and plant protection industries. We acquired Osprey to gain access to Osprey’s microbial technology and developed products and expand our customer relationships. The business is included in the Animal Health segment.

We acquired assets used in Osprey’s business, including intellectual property, working capital and property, plant and equipment, for an aggregate cash payment of $54,549. The acquisition agreement included contingent consideration, with the payment amount to be determined based on Osprey’s financial performance for the year ending June 30, 2021. The payment will be no less than $4,840 and has no maximum limit. Total consideration of $62,102 included a $7,553 liability for the estimated contingent consideration, based on the expected financial performance of the Osprey business. During the three months ended June 30, 2020, we updated our expectations of the future financial performance of the business and adjusted the contingent consideration amount to the minimum value of $4,840. The adjustment of $2,988 was recorded as a reduction to selling, general and administrative expenses. In connection with the Osprey acquisition, we incurred acquisition-related transaction costs of $462 and $213 during the years ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively; the costs are included in selling, general and administrative expenses.

We accounted for the acquisition as a business combination in accordance with FASB Accounting Standards Codification No. 805, Business Combinations. Pro forma information giving effect to the acquisition has not been provided because the results are not material to the consolidated financial statements. The fair values of the acquired assets and liabilities as of the acquisition date were:

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