ORN · Read the filing

ORION GROUP HOLDINGS, INC._December 31, 2024

Table of Contents

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024

For the transition period from ________ to ________

Commission file number: 1-33891

ORION GROUP HOLDINGS, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

DelawareState of Incorporation 26-0097459IRS Employer Identification Number

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of Each Class Trading Symbol(s) Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered

Common stock, $0.01 par value per share ORN The New York Stock Exchange

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None

Indicate by check mark if the Registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act: ◻ Yes ☑No

Indicate by check mark if the Registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act: ◻ Yes ☑No

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports) and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days: ☑Yes◻ No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files):

Yes☑ No ◻

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definition of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “small reporting company” and “emerging growth” company in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

If an emerging growth company, initiate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any, new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13 (a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. ☑

If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant’s executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b). ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act) ☐ Yes ☑ No

There were 38,989,545 shares of common stock outstanding as of March 5, 2025. The aggregate market value of the Registrant’s common equity held by non-affiliates was approximately $317.4 million as of June 28, 2024, the last business day of the Registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter, based upon the last reported sales price on the New York Stock Exchange on that date.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

Portions of the Registrant’s definitive Proxy Statement to be filed in connection with the 2025 Annual Meeting no later than April 30, 2025 are incorporated by reference in Part III of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Table of Contents

ORION GROUP HOLDINGS, INC.

2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K

Table of Contents

PART I 3

Item 1. Business 3

Item 1A. Risk Factors 12

Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments 24

Item 1C. Cybersecurity 24

Item 2. Properties 26

Item 3. Legal Proceedings 26

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosure 26

PART II 27

Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk 38

Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data 39

Item 9A. Controls and Procedures 39

Item 9B. Other Information 40

Item 9C. Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections 40

PART III 41

Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance 41

Item 11. Executive Compensation 41

Item 14. Principal Accountant Fees and Services 41

PART IV 42

Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules 42

SIGNATURES 46

Table of Contents

PART I

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

Inadditiontohistoricalinformation,thisAnnualReportonForm10-Kandthedocumentsincorporatedbyreferenceherein may contain forward-looking statements that are not based on historical fact. When used in this report, words such as “expects,” “anticipates,” “believes,” “seeks,” “estimates,” “plans,” “intends” and similar words identify forward-looking statements.Youshouldnotplaceunduerelianceontheseforward-lookingstatements.Althoughsuchstatementsarebased on management’s current estimates and expectations and currently available competitive, financial and economic data, forward-lookingstatementsareinherentlyuncertainandinvolverisksanduncertaintiesthatcouldcauseouractualresults to differ materially from what may be inferred from the forward-looking statements. Some of the factors that could cause or contribute to such differences are listed and discussed in Item 1A “Risk Factors” below and elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. We undertake no obligation to release publicly any revisions or updates to any forward-looking statements that are contained in this document. We encourage you to read carefully the risk factors described herein and in other documents we file from time to time with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (the“SEC”).

Item 1. BUSINESS

General background

Orion Group Holdings, Inc. and subsidiaries, is a leading specialty construction company serving the infrastructure, industrial, and building sectors, providing services both on and off the water in the continental United States, Alaska, Hawaii, Canada and the Caribbean Basin through our marine segment and our concrete segment. Our marine segment provides construction and dredging services including marine transportation facility construction, marine pipeline construction, marine environmental structures construction, dredging of waterways, channels and ports, environmental dredging, design, and specialty services related to marine construction, fabrication, and dredging. Our concrete segment provides turnkey concrete construction services including concrete surface place and finish, site preparation, layout, forming, and rebar placement for large commercial, structural and other associated business areas. We are headquartered in Houston, Texas with regional offices throughout our operating areas.

Orion Group Holdings, Inc. is a Delaware corporation and its common stock is listed on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol ORN. Unless the context otherwise requires, all references herein to “Orion,” the “Company,” the “Registrant,” “we,” “us,” or “our” refer to Orion Group Holdings, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries and affiliates.

History and growth

Orion Group Holdings, Inc. was founded in 1994 as a marine construction project management business. Since then, we have expanded our reach both through organic growth and acquisitions. Strategic acquisitions have enhanced our operational capabilities, provided us with a larger geographic base, and added to our equipment fleet. Today we are focused on becoming a leading specialty construction and engineering company in the infrastructure, industrial, and building sectors and will continue to seek growth opportunities through greenfield expansion, acquisitions, vertical integration, and diversification.

Services Provided

Marine Construction Services

Marine construction services include construction, restoration, dredging, maintenance and repair of marine transportation facilities, marine pipelines, bridges and causeways, and marine environmental structures. We have the capability of providing design-build services and typically serve as the prime contractor for these types of projects.

Marine transportation facility projects include building or rehabilitating public port facilities for container ship loading and unloading; cruise ship port facilities; private terminals; special-use Navy terminals; recreational use marinas and docks; and other marine-based facilities. These projects typically require the positioning and installation of steel or concrete fabrication dock or mooring structures designed for durability and longevity, and involve driving piles of concrete, pipe or sheet pile to provide a foundation for the port facility structure that we subsequently construct on the piles. We also provide on-going maintenance and repair, inspection services, emergency repair, and demolition and salvage services to such facilities.

Table of Contents

Our marine pipeline service projects generally include the installation or removal of underwater buried pipeline transmission lines; installation of pipeline intakes and outfalls for industrial facilities; construction of pipeline outfalls for wastewater and industrial discharges; river crossing and directional drilling; creation of hot taps and tie-ins; and inspection, maintenance and repair services.

Our bridge and causeway projects include the construction, repair and maintenance of all types of overwater bridges and causeways, as well as the development of fendering systems in marine environments. We serve as the prime contractor for many of these projects, and some of these are design-build contracts. These projects involve fabricating steel or concrete structures designed for durability and longevity, and involve driving concrete, pipe or sheet pile into the subsurface to create support for the concrete deck roadways that we subsequently construct on the piles. These piles can exceed four feet in diameter, can range up to 170 feet in overall length, and are often driven 90 feet into the sea or river floor. We do not control the funding of bridge and causeway work, which has not been consistently available to fund maintenance and projects in the marine infrastructure industry.

Marine environmental structure projects may include the installation of concrete mattresses to promote erosion protection, construction of levees to contain environmental mitigation projects, and the installation of geotubes for wetlands and island creation. Such structures are used for erosion control, wetlands creation and environmental remediation.

Dredging generally enhances or preserves the navigability of waterways or the protection of shorelines through the removal or replenishment of soil, sand or rock. Dredging involves the removal of mud and silt from the channel floor by means of a mechanical backhoe, crane and bucket or cutter suction dredge and pipeline systems. Dredging is integral to marine capital and maintenance projects, including: maintenance for previously deepened waterways and harbors to remove silt, sand and other accumulated sediments; construction of breakwaters, jetties, canals and other marine structures; deepening ship channels and wharves to accommodate larger and deeper draft ships; containing erosion of wetlands and coastal marshes; land reclamation; and beach nourishment and creation of wildlife refuges. Maintenance dredging projects are a source of recurring revenue as active channels typically require routine dredging due to natural sedimentation. The frequency of maintenance dredging may be accelerated by heavy rainfall or major weather events such as hurricanes. Areas where no natural deep-water ports exist, such as the Texas Gulf Coast, require substantial dredging. We maintain multiple specialty dredges of various sizes and specifications to meet customer needs. Our dredging services are typically combined with our marine construction services to provide a turnkey solution for our customers.

Our specialty services include design, salvage, demolition, surveying, towing, diving and underwater inspection, excavation and repair. Our diving services are largely performed in shallow water and include inspections, salvage and pile restoration and encapsulation. Our survey services include surveying pipelines and performing hydrographic surveys which determine the configuration of the floors of bodies of water and detect and identify wrecks and other obstructions. Most of these specialty services support our other services or provide an introductory opportunity to other customers.

Concrete Construction Services

Our concrete construction services have been involved in thousands of successful commercial projects – both simple and complex – in the broader Texas market, including Houston, Dallas and Fort Worth where we continue to operate, and we have recently expanded operations to other states in partnership with general contractors with which we work. Our portfolio of commercial projects includes warehouse and distribution, medical, retail, education, office buildings, multi-family, religious, industrial and community projects – nearly the full spectrum of commercial construction projects. We are a turnkey subcontractor that performs the vast majority of all our work with our own labor forces.

Our warehouse and distribution projects include large, intermediate and small facilities that are involved in nearly every commercial, private and public industry. Typically, the developer and builder’s construction method of choice for these projects are concrete tilt-wall structures ranging in size from a few thousand square feet to over one million square feet.

We also applyourconcreteexperiencetoavarietyofoffice building projecttypes,includinglow,mid-riseandhigh-riseconcretestructures, whether in downtown metropolitan cities or in business districts serving neighboring communities. We utilize different technologies for elevated concrete structures, such as high-rise concretestructures. We have the abundant knowledge of the extensive formwork systems, cranes and equipment needed to successfully deliver multi-family projects – typically in tight spaces, whether it be podium structures, mid-rise, high-rise and luxury projects.

Table of Contents

Our medical/healthcare projects range from hospitals to laboratories, including high rises and their garages. We also have had the great privilege of teaming with church leaders and church builders to create worship areas for people from all walks of life.

Industry and Market Overview

Marine Segment

We provide our services to similar customers, or in some cases, the same customers, across the markets served by our business. We serve marine segment customers in diverse end markets, including port expansion and maintenance, bridges, causeways and other marine infrastructure, the recreational waterside industry, the U.S. Department of Defense, the energy industry, coastal protection and reclamation, along with hurricane restoration and repair and environmental remediation. We believe that this broad customer base enables us to lessen the negative effects during a downturn in a specific end market and respond quickly to the needs of expanding end markets. The following includes an overview of our diverse markets in the marine construction industry:

Port Expansion and Maintenance

Expected increases in cargo volume and future demands from larger ships transiting the expanded Panama Canal will require ports, especially along the Gulf Coast and Atlantic Seaboard, to expand dock capacity and port infrastructure to accommodate larger container ships and increased cargo volumes, as well as additional dredging services to deepen and maintain channels. We provide customers in this sector turnkey services to meet all their port expansion and maintenance work.

Bridges and Causeways

According to the 2021 report of the American Society of Civil Engineers, one in thirteen of the nation’s bridges are structurally deficient, and 42% of all bridges in the nation are at least 50 years old. We are able to construct or restore overwater bridges, and design, repair, or replace, fendering systems for customers.

Marine Infrastructure

The U.S. Marine Transportation System (“MTS”) consists of waterways, ports and their intermodal connections, vessels, vehicles, and system users, as well as shipyards and repair facilities crucial to maritime activity. The MTS is primarily owned and operated through an aggregation of federal, state, and local governmental authorities, as well as privately owned facilities and private companies. U.S. inland and intracoastal waterways require continuous maintenance and improvement. While waterway usage is increasing, the facilities and supporting systems are aging. In addition, channels and waterways must maintain certain depths to accommodate ship and barge traffic. Natural sedimentation in these channels and waterways require routine maintenance dredging to maintain navigability.

Our full business complement, including design, dredging, marine construction, and specialty services, such as diving, survey, and inspections, are fully utilized by our customers to meet all their marine infrastructure project needs.

Recreational Waterside Industry

An increase in the number and size of cruise ships has generated a need for substantial port infrastructure development, including planning and construction of new terminals and facilities, as well as on-going maintenance and repair services. These larger vessels require the development of new mooring structures as well as additional dredging services to accommodate deeper drafts. Our service area includes, among others, the ports of Miami, Galveston, Tampa, New Orleans, Canaveral, Juneau, Tacoma, Seattle and the Caribbean Basin, which includes numerous cruise facilities and is the most popular cruise destination in the North American market.

The Department of Defense and Homeland Security

The U.S. Navy has the responsibility for the maintenance of approximately 40 naval facilities in the United States, which includes a significant amount of marine infrastructure. We believe the U.S. Navy will continue to maintain strategic facilities, including required maintenance and upgrades to its marine facility infrastructure.

The US Navy is allocating significant funding to the Pacific Deterrence Initiative to safeguard US interests. The $2.8 billion joint venture to construct a dry dock for nuclear submarines at Pearl Harbor represents the largest construction project in US Navy history to date. However, the Navy has outlined plans for a larger investment to modernize the Puget

Table of Contents

Sound Naval Shipyard and other marine facilities in the Pacific. With an established presence in the Pacific Northwest and recent expansion into Hawaii, the company is positioned to support the ongoing infrastructure investments in the region.

The U.S. Coast Guard maintains more than 50,000 federal aids to navigation, which include buoys, lighthouses, day beacons, and radio-navigation signals. Additionally, it has oversight responsibility for approximately 20,000 highway and railroad bridges that span navigable waterways throughout the country. As part of the Department of Homeland Security, we anticipate that the U.S. Coast Guard’s needs for varied marine construction services, including those listed above, will provide opportunities for us in the future.

Energy Industry

We design, construct, repair and remove underwater pipelines, and provide marine construction, dredging, and on-going maintenance services for private refineries, terminal facilities and docks, and other critical areas near shore oil and gas infrastructure.

U.S. Coastal and Wetland Restoration and Reclamation

Increases in coastal population density and demographic trends, along with the potential effects of rising sea-levels, will lead to an increase in the number of coastal restoration and reclamation projects, and as the value of waterside assets rises from a residential and recreational standpoint, the private sector, government agencies and municipalities will increase spending on restoration and reclamation projects.

Hurricane Restoration and Repair

Hurricanes are often very destructive to the existing marine infrastructure and natural protection barriers of the prime storm areas of the Gulf Coast, the Atlantic Seaboard, and the Caribbean Basin, including bridges, ports, underwater channels and sensitive coastal areas. Typically, restoration and repair opportunities continue for several years after a major hurricane event. These events provide incremental projects to our industry that contribute to a favorable bidding environment and high-capacity utilization in our markets during such times.

Environmental Remediation

We believe there will be additional funding for the protection of natural habitats, environmental preservation, wetlands creation and remediation for high priority projects in Louisiana and other areas in the markets we serve that will protect and restore sensitive marine and coastal areas, advance ocean science and research, and ensure sustainable use of ocean resources.

Concrete Segment

We provide our services to owners, developers and general contractors across the markets served by our business. Our customers in the concrete segment are in diverse end markets such as industrial, institutional, commercial real estate, and recreational developments.

We believe that this broad customer base enables us to lessen the negative effects during a downturn in a specific end market and respond quickly to the needs of expanding end markets. The following includes an overview of our diverse markets in the concrete industry:

Industrial developments

Our industrial markets include manufacturing plants, industrial warehousing, distribution centers, wastewater treatment facilities and facilities supporting the petrochemical industry. An expected increase in distribution has generated a need for substantial industrial park developments.

Institutional developments and expansions

Our institutional markets include educational facilities, medical facilities, museums, and religious developments. Due to significant population growth in the metropolitan areas of Texas, there has been great demand for institutional development and expansion. Additionally, as population and suburban areas grow, so does the continued need for medical and educational facilities.

Table of Contents

Data centers

Data centers are critical infrastructure for Artificial Intelligence (AI), and the number of data centers is projected to double within the next year. North Texas ranks second among U.S. markets by data center inventory. The company is pursuing data center projects in Utah, Arizona, and Nevada, leveraging relationships with general contractors in those states. The company’s experience, quality of work, and safety record support its capabilities in this sector. For the past two years, the company has reported zero lost time incidents, reflecting a safety culture focused on ensuring workers return home safely each day.

Structural developments

Our structural markets include mid- and high-rise multi-family living, single and multi-story office buildings, parking garages, shopping malls, and other multi-story buildings. Continued growth in business expansions and relocations to Texas are driving an increase in the need for office space and apartment complexes.

Retail developments

As our population continues to grow, so does the need for retail developments, such as grocery stores, shopping malls, restaurants, free standing retail outlets, and other entertainment venues.

Recreational developments

Our recreational markets include a wide range of hotels, sports venues, and stadiums. The increase in new businesses and new educational facilities has sparked the need for additional hotels and stadiums across the metropolitan areas of Texas.

Customers

Our customers in the marine segment include federal, state and local governmental agencies as well as private commercial and industrial enterprises in the Caribbean Basin and the United States, including Alaska and Hawaii. Customers in our concrete segment include general contractors along with owners and developers of medical facilities, religious developments, sports complexes and stadiums, school districts and developers, owners of industrial, commercial and residential buildings, and some governmental agencies across the metropolitan areas of Texas. Most projects are competitively bid, with the award typically going to the lowest qualified bidder. Our customer base shifts from time to time depending on the types of projects we bid, and are ultimately successful obtaining.

The following table represents contract revenue (in thousands) and concentrations of contract revenue by type of customer for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022.

With the exception of the Unites States Navy, the Company does not believe that the loss of any one of its customers would have a material adverse effect on the Company or its subsidiaries and affiliates since no single specific customer besides the United States Navy sustains such a large portion of contract revenue over time. On March 10, 2023, the United States Navy awarded the Dragados/Hawaiian Dredging/Orion Joint Venture a $2.8 billion contract to complete the construction of a dry dock at Pearl Harbor Naval Shipyard. The Company’s portion of work as a dedicated subcontractor totals $450.2 million. For the fiscal years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company’s revenue related to the joint venture subcontract was approximately $199.4 million and $90.5 million, respectively.

Our quarterly revenues and results of operations may fluctuate significantly depending upon the mix, size, scope, and progress schedules of our projects under contract, permitting, weather or other delays, the productivity of our labor force and the utilization of our equipment. These factors, as well as others, affect the rate at which revenue is recognized as projects are performed.

Table of Contents

Competition

In our marine segment, we compete with several regional marine construction services companies and a few national marine construction services companies. In the past, interest groups have unsuccessfully lobbied Congress to modify or repeal the Merchant Marine Act of 1920 (the “Jones Act”) to facilitate foreign flag competition for trades and cargos currently reserved for U.S. flagged vessels under the Jones Act. If these efforts were to be successful, it could result in significantly increased competition. From time to time, we compete with certain national land-based heavy civil contractors.Inourconcretesegment,wecompetemostlyintheprivatesectorandourcompetitorsrangefromsmall,local construction companies to large regional and national constructioncompanies.

Both of our segments are highly fragmented with competitors generally varying within the markets we serve and with few competitors competing in all of the markets we serve or for all of the services that we provide. We believe that our turnkey capability, expertise, experience and reputation for providing safe and timely quality services, safety record and programs, versatile equipment fleet, financial strength, surety bonding capacity, knowledge of local markets and conditions, and project management and estimating abilities are competitive strengths that allow us to compete effectively. We believe significant barriers to entry exist in the markets in which we operate, including the ability to bond large projects, maritime law constraints, specialized marine equipment and technical experience; however, a U.S. company that has adequate financial resources, access to technical expertise, and specialized equipment may become a competitor.

Insurance and Bonding

We maintain general and excess liability, construction equipment, workers’ compensation and other forms of insurance; all in amounts we believe adequate for our operating needs and consistent with industry practice.

In connection with both segments of the business, we often are required to provide various types of surety bonds that provide security for our performance under certain public and private sector contracts. Our ability to obtain surety bonds depends upon our capitalization, adequate working capital, past performance, management expertise, and external factors, including the capacity of the overall surety market. Surety companies consider such factors in light of the amount of our backlog that we have currently bonded and their own current underwriting standards, which may change from time to time. The capacity of the surety market is subject to market-driven fluctuations driven primarily by the level of surety industry losses and the degree of surety market consolidation. The bonds we provide typically are for the contract amount of the project. At December 31, 2024, the capacity under our current bonding arrangement was at least $1.1 billion, with approximately $588 million of projects being bonded. We believe our strong balance sheet and working capital position will allow us to continue to access our bonding capacity.

Trade Names

We operate under a number of trade names. We consolidate our operations under the brand name “Orion Group Holdings,Inc.”WemaybeknownasOrionMarineGroup,OrionMarineConstruction,OrionMarineContractors,Orion Construction, East and West Jones Placement Area, Schneider E&C, Orion Industrial Construction, Orion Concrete Construction, Proco, or Houston Industrial Tool Services. WedonotgenerallyregisterourtrademarkswiththeU.S.Patent&TrademarkOffice,butinsteadrely on state and common law protections. While we consider our trade names to be valuable assets, we do not consider any singletrademarkortradenametobeofsuch materialimportancethatitsabsencewouldcauseamaterialdisruptionofour business.

Equipment

We operate and maintain a large and diverse equipment fleet in our marine and concrete segments, substantially all of which we own, that includes barges, dayboats, tugs, dredges, cranes, pump trucks and laser screeds. We believe that ownership of certain equipment is generally preferable to spot leasing or rental of equipment in some cases because it ensures the equipment is available as needed and normally results in lower costs. We continually monitor and adjust our fleet size so that it is consistent with the size of the business, considering both existing backlog and expected future work. We believe that our equipment is well maintained and suitable for our current operations. We have the ability to extend the useful life of our equipment through capital refurbishment at periodic intervals. Most of our fleet is serviced by our own mechanics who work at various maintenance sites and facilities. We are also capable of building, and have built, much of our highly specialized equipment. Our strategy is to deploy our fleet from project to project as required.

Table of Contents

Equipment Certification

In our marine segment, some of our equipment requires certification by the U.S. Coast Guard. All equipment that requires certification has obtained such certification and is maintained in good standing thereunder. In addition, where required, our vessels’ permissible loading capacities require certification by the American Bureau of Shipping (“ABS”). The ABS is an independent classification society that certifies that certain of our larger, seagoing vessels are “in-class,” signifying that the vessels have been built and maintained in accordance with ABS standards and applicable U.S. Coast Guard rules and regulations. All of our vessels that are required to be certified by the ABS have been certified as “in-class.” These certifications indicate that the vessels are structurally capable of operating in open waters, which enhances the mobility of our fleet.

Government Regulations

We are required to comply with the macro regulatory requirements of federal, state and local governmental agencies and authorities including the following:

● licensing requirements applicable to shipping and dredging; and

In our marine segment, we are also subject to government regulations pursuant to the Foreign Dredge Act, the Jones Act, the Shipping Act and the Vessel Documentation Act. These statutes require vessels engaged in the transport of merchandise or passengers between two points in the United States or dredging in the navigable waters of the U.S. to be documented with a coastwise endorsement, to be owned and controlled by U.S. citizens, to be manned by U.S. crews, and to be built in the U.S. The U.S. citizenship ownership and control standards require the vessel-owning entity to be at least 75% U.S. citizen owned and prohibit the demise or bareboat chartering of the vessel to any entity that does not meet the 75% U.S. citizen ownership test. These statutes, together with similar requirements for other sectors of the maritime industry, are collectively referred to as “cabotage” laws.

In both our marine and concrete segments, we are subject to the requirements of the U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (“OSHA”) and certain regulations for the Environmental Protection Agency (“EPA”).

We believe that we are in material compliance with applicable regulatory requirements and have all material licenses required to conduct our operations. The following is a discussion of the environmental laws and regulations that could have a material effect on our marine and concrete construction services.

Environmental Matters

General

Our activities, including concrete construction, infrastructure construction, salvage, demolition, dredging and dredge material disposal activities are subject to stringent and complex federal, state, and local laws and regulations governing environmental protection, including air emissions, water quality, solid waste management, marine and bird species and their habitats, and wetlands. A portion of our construction contracts are entered into with public authorities and frequently impose additional governmental requirements, including those related to environmental concerns.

Such laws and regulations may require that both segments and their customers obtain, and comply with, various environmental permits, registrations, licenses and other approvals. These laws and regulations also can restrict or impact the business activities in many ways, such as delaying the appropriation and performance of particular projects; restricting the way we handle or dispose of wastes; requiring remedial action to mitigate pollution conditions that may be caused by our operations or that are attributable to others; and enjoining some or all of our operations deemed in non-compliance with environmental laws and regulations. Failure to comply with these laws and regulations may result in the assessment of administrative, civil and/or criminal penalties, the imposition of remedial obligations and the issuance of orders enjoining future operations.

We believe that compliance with existing federal, state and local environmental laws and regulations will not have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, or financial condition.

Table of Contents

Waste Management

Our operations could be subject to the federal Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (“RCRA”) and comparable state laws, which impose detailed requirements for the handling, storage, treatment and disposal of hazardous and non-hazardous solid wastes. Under the auspices of the EPA, the individual states administer some or all of the provisions of RCRA, sometimes in conjunction with their own, more stringent, requirements. Generators of hazardous wastes must comply with certain standards for the accumulation and storage of hazardous wastes, as well as recordkeeping and reporting requirements applicable to hazardous waste storage and disposal activities.

Site Remediation

The Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act (“CERCLA”), also known as “Superfund,” and comparable state laws and regulations impose liability, without regard to fault or the legality of the original conduct, on certain classes of persons responsible for the release of hazardous substances into the environment. Such classes of persons include the current and past owners or operators of sites where a hazardous substance was released, and companies that disposed or arranged for the disposal of hazardous substances at offsite locations, such as landfills. CERCLA authorizes the EPA, and in some cases third parties, to take actions in response to threats to the public health or the environment and to seek to recover from the responsible classes of persons the costs they incur. Under CERCLA, such persons may be subject to joint and several liability for the costs of cleaning up the hazardous substances that have been released into the environment, for damages to natural resources and for the costs of certain health studies. In addition, neighboring landowners and other third parties often file claims for personal injury and property damage allegedly caused by the hazardous substances released into the environment.

We currently own or lease properties that have been used by others prior to our ownership. Although we typically have used operating and disposal practices that were standard in the industry at the time, wastes may have been disposed of or released on or under the properties owned or leased by us, on or under other locations where such substances have been taken for disposal, or on or under project sites where we perform work. In addition, some of the properties may have been operated by third parties or by previous owners whose treatment and disposal or release of wastes was not under our control. These properties and the substances disposed or released on them may be subject to CERCLA, RCRA and analogous state laws. Under such laws, we could be required to remove or remediate previously disposed wastes or property contamination, or to perform remedial activities to prevent future contamination.

Water Discharges

The Federal Water Pollution Control Act, also known as the Clean Water Act (“CWA”), and analogous state laws impose strict controls with respect to the discharge of pollutants, including spills and leaks of oil and other substances, into waters of the United States, including wetlands. The discharge of pollutants into regulated waters is prohibited, except in accordance with the terms of a permit issued by the EPA or an analogous state agency. The CWA also regulates the discharge of dredged or fill material into waters of the U.S., and activities that result in such discharge generally require permits issued by the Corps of Engineers. Moreover, above ground storage of petroleum products is strictly regulated under the CWA. Under the CWA, federal and state regulatory agencies may impose administrative, civil and/or criminal penalties for non-compliance with discharge permits or other requirements of the CWA and analogous state laws and regulations.

The Oil Pollution Act of 1990 (“OPA”), which amends and augments the CWA, establishes strict liability for owners and operators of facilities that are sites of releases of oil into waters of the U.S. OPA and its associated regulations impose a variety of requirements on responsible parties related to the prevention of oil spills and liability for damages resulting from such spills. For instance, OPA requires vessel owners and operators to establish and maintain evidence of financial responsibility sufficient to cover liabilities related to an oil spill for which such parties are statutorily responsible. We believe we are in compliance with all applicable OPA financial responsibility obligations and equipment requirements.

In 2009, regulations promulgated by the EPA covering certain previously exempt discharges to water from certain marine vessels became effective. The regulations provide for a general permit to cover such discharges and impose on marine vessel operators, including us, certain discharge, permitting, record keeping, reporting, monitoring, maintenance, and operating restrictions and requirements with respect to materials that are or may be discharged from certain vessels. The applicability of these restrictions and requirements is based on size and type of vessel, and they apply only to a minority of our vessels. We, nevertheless, are implementing such restrictions and requirements with respect to our vessels which

Table of Contents

are subject thereto, and we do not anticipate that such regulations or the associated permit terms, restrictions and requirements will adversely impact our business and results of operations.

Air Emissions

The Clean Air Act (“CAA”) and comparable state laws restrict the emission of air pollutants from many sources, including paint booths. The CAA may require pre-approval for the construction, operation or modification in some instances of facilities expected to produce air emissions, impose stringent air permit requirements, or require the utilization of specific equipment or technologies to control emissions. We believe that our operations are in substantial compliance with the CAA.

Endangered Species

The Endangered Species Act (“ESA”) restricts activities that may affect endangered species or their habitats. We conduct activities in or near areas that may be designated as habitat for endangered or threatened species. For instance, seasonal observation of endangered or threatened West Indian Manatees adjacent to work areas may impact construction operations in Florida during the winter months. Additionally, our dredging operations in Florida are impacted by limitations for placement of dredge spoil materials on designated spoil disposal islands, from April through August of each year, when the islands are inhabited by nesting colonies of protected bird species. Further, restrictions on work during the Whooping Crane nesting period in the Aransas Pass National Wildlife Refuge from October 1 through April 15 each year and during the non-dormant grass season for sea grass in the Laguna Madre from March 1 through November 30 each year impact our construction operations in the Texas Gulf Coast area. We plan our operations and bidding activity with these restrictions and limitations in mind, and they have not materially hindered our business in the past. However, these and other restrictions may affect our ability to obtain work or to complete our projects on time in the future.

Human Capital Management

As of December 31, 2024, our marine segment had 736 employees, 212 of whom were full-time salaried personnel and most of the remainder of whom were hourly personnel. Our concrete segment had 1,031 employees, 175 of whom were full-time salaried personnel and most of the remainder were hourly personnel. Our corporate shared services had 120 employees, 89 of whom were full-time salaried personnel and most of the remainder were hourly personnel.

From time to time, we hire additional employees for certain large projects and, subject to local market conditions, additional crew members are generally available for hire on relatively short notice. We believe our employees are our most valuable resource, and our workforce possesses a strong dedication to and pride in our company. Our employees are not currently represented by labor unions, except certain employees in our marine segment located in the Pacific, including Washington, Alaska, and Hawaii, as well as certain employees operating specialized equipment for our concrete segment, in respect of which collective bargaining agreements are in place. Employees represented by collective bargaining agreements represent approximately 5.25% of our total workforce.

Orion Group Holdings integrates safety into all aspects of its operations, emphasizing proactive risk mitigation, continuous training, and shared employee responsibility. The company’s safety performance has been recognized at both national and regional levels.

In 2024, Orion’s Marine team in the Pacific Northwest was a top three finalist in the Associated General Contractors (AGC) Construction Safety Excellence Awards (CSEA). The Pacific Marine team received the AGC Washington Safety Award, while the Atlantic Marine team was awarded the 2024 FTBA Safety Excellence Award from the Florida Transportation Builders Association. Orion’s Concrete segment received multiple safety awards in 2024 from the American Society of Concrete Contractors, AGC of Houston, and the Liberty Mutual Insurance Company’s Gold Safety Award for Outstanding Safety Performance.

Orion continues to invest in safety technologies, training programs, and employee engagement initiatives to maintain workplace safety and accountability.

Financial Information About Geographic Areas

We are a project-driven marine and concrete contractor, and our operations represent two reportable segments for financial reporting. Our business is primarily conducted along the coastal regions of the United States, including Alaska and Hawaii, for our marine segment and in Texas and Florida for our concrete segment. Revenues generated from our marine segment

Table of Contents

outside the United States, primarily in the Caribbean Basin, totaled 7.4%, 5.1% and 0.9% of total revenues for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Our long-lived assets are substantially located in the United States.

Information about our Executive Officers

Certain information concerning our executive officers and directors as of March 5, 2025 is set forth below.

Name Age Position with the Company Year Joined the Registrant

Austin J. Shanfelter 67 Chairman of the Board 2007

Thomas N. Amonett 81 Director 2007

Michael J. Caliel 65 Director 2019

Margaret M. Foran 70 Director 2019

Quentin P. Smith, Jr. 73 Director 2022

Mary E. Sullivan 68 Director 2019

Travis J. Boone 51 President and Chief Executive Officer 2022

Scott Thanisch 54 Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer 2022

Access to the Company’s Filings

We maintain a website at www.oriongroupholdingsinc.com where we make available, free of charge, access to the variousreportswefilewith,orfurnishto,theSEC.None of the information on our website is incorporated into this Annual Report on Form 10-K by reference. The SEC maintains an Internet site at www.sec.gov that contains reports, proxy and information statements and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with theSEC.

Item 1A. RISK FACTORS

We operate in a changing environment that involves numerous known and unknown risks and uncertainties that could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations. The risks described below highlight some of the factors that have affected and could affect us in the future. We may also be affected by unknown risks or risks that we currently think are immaterial. If any such events actually occur, our business, financial condition, and results of operations could be materially adversely affected.

Risk Factors Relating to Our Business

We may be unable to obtain sufficient bonding capacity for our contracts and the need for performance and surety bonds may adversely affect our business.

As more fully described in “Insurance and Bonding” under “Item 1. Business,” we are generally required to post bonds or other security in connection with government and certain private sector contracts to ensure job completion. We have entered into bonding agreements with several large multinational surety companies, which act as surety, issue bid bonds, performance bonds and payment bonds, and obligate themselves upon other contracts of guaranty required by us in the day-to-day operations of our business. However, our sureties are not obligated under the bonding agreements to issue bonds for us, and bonding decisions are made on a case-by-case basis. We are bidding on increasingly complex, larger jobs for customers who require significant bonds. While we had approximately $500 million of available bonding capacity as of December 31, 2024, we may not be able to maintain a sufficient level of bonding capacity in the future which could preclude us from being able to bid for certain contracts and successfully contract with certain customers. In addition, the conditions of the bonding market may change, increasing our costs of bonding or restricting our ability to get new bonding, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results and financial condition.

Table of Contents

We rely on highly competitive and highly regulated government contracts.

Government funding for public works projects is limited, thus creating a highly competitive environment for the limited number of public projects available. Reduced levels of, or delays in, government funding cause delays in project lettings and result in intense competition and pricing pressure for such projects. In addition, government contracts are subject to specific procurement regulations, contract provisions and a variety of regulatory requirements relating to their formation, administration, performance and accounting. Many of these contracts include express or implied certifications of compliance with applicable laws and contract provisions. Any violations of these regulations could bring about litigation, including the possibility of qui tam (“whistleblower”) litigation brought by private individuals on behalf of the government under the Federal Civil False Claims Act, and could cause termination of other existing government contracts and result in the loss of future government contracts. Due to the significant competition in the marketplace and the level of regulations on government contracts, we could suffer reductions in new projects and see lower revenues and profit margins on those projects, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results and financial condition.

Our operations are susceptible to a variety of adverse conditions including weather conditions, natural disasters, health epidemics or pandemics or other contagious outbreaks and terrorist attacks that could negatively impact the markets in which we operate.

Our business, operating results and financial condition could be materially and adversely affected by severe weather and other natural disasters, such as earthquakes or hurricanes, particularly along the Gulf Coast, the West Coast, the Atlantic Seaboard, and the Caribbean Basin. Repercussions of severe weather conditions could cause significant interruption of projects in process and have safety implications to personnel at those sites.

Our business, operating results and financial condition could be materially and adversely affected if a public health epidemic or pandemic or other contagious outbreak interferes with our ability, or that of our employees, contractors, suppliers, customers and other business partners to perform our and their respective responsibilities and obligations relative to the conduct of our business.

Terrorist attacks, targeted at ports, marine facilities, shipping or metropolitan areas could affect the markets in which we operate our business and our expectations. Increased armed hostilities, terrorist attacks or responses from the United States may lead to further acts of terrorism and civil disturbances in the United States or elsewhere, which may further contribute to economic instability in the United States. These attacks or armed conflicts may affect our operations or those of our customers or suppliers and could impact our revenues, our production capability and our ability to complete contracts in a timely manner.

Demand for our services may decrease due to economic recession or a reduction of demand in end markets of our customers.

Our concrete segment depends on continued growth in population in our geographic market areas in Texas and most recently in Florida to support commercial development. A growing population generates economic growth and expansion. If the population decreases or slows in growth, it may adversely affect economic growth and ultimately limit the need for construction services in the areas we currently perform services.

Moreover, even when the underlying economic fundamentals that ordinarily drive the level of construction activity are strong, the level of economic activity in such markets may be suppressed during inflationary periods that are accompanied by increasing interest rates. If the Federal Reserve Board resumes increasing interest rates to respond to re-emerging inflation concerns, or otherwise maintains high interest rates, commercial development could slow and our concrete business could see a reduction in demand.

Our marine segment depends on continued investment in and scheduled funding of port and marine infrastructure by federal, state, and local governmental authorities, as well as privately owned companies, which in turn may depend upon demand for marine vessels, including cruise ships and cargo ships, and other port-related activities. If funding is diverted from port and marine infrastructure, including due to a reduced demand in the vessels to be serviced at those facilities, the demand for services within our marine segment may decrease.

Table of Contents

Fluctuations in commodity prices or interest rates may affect our customers’ investment decisions and therefore subject us to risks of cancellation, delays in existing work, or changes in the timing and funding of new awards. Additionally, fluctuations in commodity prices can negatively affect our project costs.

Interest rates may affect the cost of financing for our customers’ capital projects and investments. These increased costs may affect their capacity and willingness to undertake new investments, and may result in the delay or cancellation of projects they would otherwise undertake.

Commodity prices can affect our customers in a number of ways. For example, for those customers that produce commodity products such as oil, gas, concrete, or steel products, fluctuations in price can have a direct effect on their profitability and cash flow and, therefore, their willingness to continue to invest or make new capital investments. To the extent commodity prices decline or fluctuate and our customers defer new investments or cancel or delay existing projects, the demand for our services decreases, which may have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

Commodity prices can also strongly affect the costs of projects. We use concrete and steel as well as diesel fuel and other petroleum-based products to operate our equipment used in our construction contracts. Fluctuations in supplies relative to demand and other factors can cause unanticipated increases in their cost. Rising commodity prices can negatively impact the potential returns on projects that are planned, as well as those in progress, and result in customers deferring new investments or canceling or delaying existing projects. The short-term nature of the majority of our projects typically protects us from these potential price increases, however, if we are unable to procure commodities for completion of our projects at estimated prices due to rising commodity prices, our margins may erode on certain in progress or future projects.

Our business depends on good customer relationships and our reputation in both the marine and concrete infrastructure markets, which is developed and maintained by our executives and key project managers. Loss of any of our relationships, reputation or executives or key project managers could materially reduce our revenues and profits.

Although we have master service agreements with numerous customers that generally define the contractual terms under which we would perform awarded work, contractual commitments are typically entered into on a project-by-project basis, so we generally do not have continuing contractual commitments with our customers beyond the terms of the current contract. We benefit from key customer relationships built over time and with both public and private entities. We also benefit from our reputation in the marine and concrete construction markets developed over years of successfully performing on projects. Both of these aspects of our business were developed and are maintained by our executives and key project managers. Our inability to retain our executives and key project managers or inability to complete projects timely and successfully resulting in customer satisfaction could have a material adverse effect on our current customer relationships and reputation. The inability to maintain relationships with our customers in general or obtain new customers based on our reputation could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results and financial condition.

We may not be able to fully realize the revenue value reported in our backlog.

As of December 31, 2024, we had a backlog of work to be completed on contracts totaling approximately $582.8 million in our marine segment and approximately $146.3 million in our concrete segment. Backlog includes new awards, which represent the potential revenue value realizable pursuant to new project commitments received by us during a given period.

Backlog consists of awarded projects that have either (a) not yet been started or (b) are in progress but are not yet complete. In the latter case, the revenue value reported in backlog is the remaining value related to work that has not yet been completed. We cannot guarantee that the revenue projected in our backlog will be realized, or if realized, will result in earnings. From time-to-time, projects are cancelled that appeared to have a high certainty of going forward at the time they were recorded as new awards. In the event of a project cancellation, we may be reimbursed for certain costs but typically have no contractual right to recover the total revenue reflected in our backlog. In addition to being unable to recover certain direct costs, cancelled projects may also result in additional unrecoverable costs due to the resulting under-utilization of our assets or labor force.

Table of Contents

We could suffer contract losses if we fail to accurately estimate our costs or fail to execute within our cost estimates on fixed-price, lump-sum contracts.

Much of our revenue is derived from fixed-price, lump-sum contracts. Under these contracts, we perform our services and execute our projects at a fixed price and where, as a result, we could benefit from cost savings, but we may be unable to recover any cost overruns. Fixed-price contracts carry inherent risks, including risks of losses from underestimating costs, operational difficulties and other factors that may occur over the contract period. If our cost estimates for a contract are inaccurate, or if we do not execute the contract within our cost estimates, we may incur losses or the project may not be as profitable as we expected. In addition, we are sometimes required to incur costs in connection with modifications to a contract (change orders) that may not be approved by the customer as to scope and/or price, or to incur unanticipated costs, including costs for customer-caused delays, errors in specifications or designs, or contract suspension or termination that we may not be able to recover. These, in turn, could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results and financial condition. The revenue, cost and gross profit realized on such contracts can vary, sometimes substantially, from the original projections due to changes in a variety of factors, such as:

● project modifications creating unanticipated costs;

● differing site conditions;

● changes in the costs of equipment, materials, labor or subcontractors;

● our suppliers’ or subcontractors’ failure to perform;

● changes in local laws and regulations;

● changes in ad valorem and other tariffs;

● delays caused by local weather conditions; and

These risks may increase if the project is of a long-term duration because of the elevated risk that the circumstances that we based our original bid will change in a manner that increases costs. In addition, we sometimes bear the risk of delays caused by unexpected conditions or events.

We could suffer penalties on our contracts for late completion.

In many instances, including in our fixed-price contracts, we guarantee that we will complete a project by a scheduled date. If we subsequently fail to complete the project as scheduled, without sufficient justification, we may be liable for any customer losses resulting from such delay, generally in the form of contractually agreed-upon liquidated damages. In addition, failure to maintain a required schedule could cause us to default on our government contracts, giving rise to a variety of potential damages. To the extent that these events occur, the total costs of the project could exceed our original estimates, and we could experience reduced profits or, in some cases, a loss for that project.

Our projects could be hindered due to our dependence on third parties to complete many of our contracts.

A portion of the work performed under our contracts is performed by third-party subcontractors we hire. We also rely on third-party equipment manufacturers or suppliers to provide much of the materials used for projects. If we are unable to hire qualified subcontractors or find qualified equipment manufacturers or suppliers, our ability to successfully complete a project could be impaired. If we are not able to locate or engage qualified third-party subcontractors or the amount we are required to pay for subcontractors or equipment and supplies exceeds what we have estimated, especially in a lump-sum or a fixed-price contract, we may suffer losses on these contracts. If a subcontractor, supplier, or manufacturer fails to provide services, supplies or equipment as required under a contract for any reason, we may be required to source these services, equipment or supplies to other third parties on a delayed basis or on less favorable terms, which could impact contract profitability. There is a risk that we may have disputes with our subcontractors relating to, among other things, the quality and timeliness of work performed, customer concerns about the subcontractor, or our failure to extend existing

Table of Contents

task orders or issue new task orders under a contract. In addition, faulty workmanship, equipment or materials could impact the overall project, resulting in claims against us for failure to meet required project specifications.

We may incur higher costs to acquire, manufacture and maintain equipment necessary for our operations.

We do not bid on contracts for which we do not have, or cannot quickly procure, whether through construction, acquisition or lease, the necessary equipment to complete projects. We are capable of building much of the specialized equipment used in our projects, including dayboats, tenders and dredges. To the extent that we are unable to buy or build equipment necessary for our needs, either due to a lack of available funding or equipment shortages in the marketplace, we may be forced to rent equipment on a short-term basis, which could increase the costs of completing contracts, thereby reducing contract profitability. In addition, our equipment requires continuous maintenance, which we primarily provide through our own repair facilities, as well as certification by the U.S. Coast Guard for certain marine segment assets. If we are unable to continue to maintain the equipment in our fleet or are unable to obtain the requisite certifications, we may be forced to obtain third-party repair services, be unable to use our uncertified equipment or be unable to bid on contracts, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results and financial condition.

In addition, our vessels in the marine segment may be subject to arrest or seizure by claimants as security for maritime torts committed by the vessel or us or the failure by us to pay for necessities, including fuel and repair services, which were furnished to the vessel. Such arrest or seizure could preclude the vessel from working, thereby causing delays in marine segment projects.

Our business is subject to significant operating risks and hazards that could result in damage or destruction to property, injuries or loss of life, which could result in losses or liabilities to us.

Construction and maintenance sites are potentially dangerous workplaces and often put our employees and others in close proximity with mechanized equipment, moving vehicles, or other construction or worksite hazards. On most sites, we are responsible for safety and are contractually obligated to implement safety procedures. Our safety record is an important consideration for us and for our customers. If serious accidents or fatalities occur or our safety record was to deteriorate, we may be excluded from bidding on certain work, expose ourselves to possible lawsuits, and existing service arrangements could be terminated, thus having a material adverse impact on our financial position, results of operations, cash flows and liquidity. Further, regulatory changes implemented by OSHA or the U.S. Coast Guard could impose additional costs on us. Adverse experience with hazards and claims could have a negative effect on our reputation with our existing or potential new customers and our prospects for future work.

The businesses of marine infrastructure construction, port maintenance, dredging and salvage are generally subject to a number of risks and hazards, including environmental hazards, industrial accidents, hurricanes, adverse weather conditions, collisions with fixed objects, cave-ins, encountering unusual or unexpected geological formations, disruption of transportation services and flooding. These risks could result in damage to, destruction or loss of, dredges, transportation vessels, other maritime structures and buildings, and could also result in personal injury or death, environmental damage, performance delays, monetary losses or legal liability.

In the concrete segment, our workers are subject to the usual hazards associated with providing construction and related services on construction sites including environmental hazards, industrial accidents, hurricanes, adverse weather conditions, and flooding. Operating hazards can cause personal injury or death, damage to or destruction of property, plant and equipment, environmental damage, performance delays, monetary losses or legal liability.

Our marine segment operates in jurisdictions outside of the U.S. and we intend to continue expanding our operations to more jurisdictions outside of the U.S.

Our marine segment, which accounted for 65.5%, 55.6% and 45.3% of our contract revenues for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively, has a significant portion of those operations performed outside of the U.S. For the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, our international operations generated approximately 7.4%, 5.1% and 0.9% of our contract revenues, respectively. The Bahamas represented our largest international market outside of the U.S., with our Bahamian operations representing 7.4% of our contract revenues for the year ended December 31, 2024, including 1.8% of our total cash balance at December 31, 2024. In addition, we intend to expand our operations to other areas

Table of Contents

outside the U.S. in the future. International operations are subject to a number of risks and uncertainties that could negatively impact our results from operations, including:

● expropriation or nationalization of assets;

● our inexperience in certain international markets;

● health emergencies or pandemics;

● fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates;

● political and economic instability; and

● wars, rebellions and acts of terrorism.

Our current insurance coverage may not be adequate, and we may not be able to obtain insurance at acceptable rates, or at all.

We maintain various insurance policies, including general liability and workers’ compensation. We are partially self-insured under some of our policies, and our insurance does not cover all types or amounts of liabilities. We are not required to, and do not, specifically set aside funds for our self-insurance programs.

At any given time, we are subject to multiple workers’ compensation and personal injury claims. We maintain substantial loss accruals for workers’ compensation claims, and, until recently, our workers’ compensation and insurance costs have been rising for several years notwithstanding our emphasis on safety. Our insurance policies may not be adequate to protect us from liabilities that we incur in our business. In addition, some of the projects that we bid on require us to maintain high levels of builder’s risk insurance. We may not be able to obtain similar levels of insurance on reasonable terms, or at all. Our inability to obtain such insurance coverage at acceptable rates or at all could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results and financial condition.

Furthermore, due to a variety of factors such as increases in claims, the rise of “nuclear verdicts” in some of the jurisdictions in which we operate and projected significant increases in medical costs, our insurance premiums may increase in the future and we may not be able to obtain similar levels of insurance on reasonable terms, or at all. Any such inadequacy of, or inability to obtain, insurance coverage at acceptable rates, or at all, could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results and financial condition.

Insurance liabilities are difficult to assess and quantify due to unknown factors, including the severity of an injury, the determination of our liability in proportion to other parties, the number of incidents not reported and the effectiveness of our safety program. If we were to experience insurance claims or costs above our estimates, we might be required to use working capital to satisfy these costs rather than to maintain or expand our operations. To the extent that we experience a material increase in the frequency or severity of accidents or workers’ compensation and health claims, or unfavorable developments on existing claims, our operating results and financial condition could be materially and adversely affected.

Our operations are subject to environmental laws and regulations that may expose us to significant costs and liabilities.

Our marine infrastructure construction, salvage, demolition, dredging and dredge material disposal activities are subject to stringent and complex federal, state and local environmental laws and regulations, including those concerning air

Table of Contents

emissions, water quality, solid waste management, and protection of certain marine and bird species, their habitats, and wetlands. We may incur substantial costs in order to conduct our operations in compliance with these laws and regulations. For instance, we may be required to obtain, maintain and comply with permits and other approvals (as well as those obtained for projects by our customers) issued by various federal, state and local governmental authorities; limit or prevent releases of materials from our operations in accordance with these permits and approvals; and install pollution control equipment. In addition, compliance with environmental laws and regulations can delay or prevent our performance of a particular project and increase related project costs. Moreover, new, stricter environmental laws, regulations or enforcement policies, including those imposed in response to climate change, could be implemented that significantly increase our compliance costs, or require us to adopt more costly methods of operation.

Failure to comply with environmental laws and regulations, or the permits issued under them, may result in the assessment of administrative, civil and criminal penalties, the imposition of remedial obligations and the issuance of injunctions limiting or preventing some or all of our operations. In addition, strict joint and several liability may be imposed under certain environmental laws, which could cause us to become liable for the investigation or remediation of environmental contamination that resulted from the conduct of others or from our own actions that were in compliance with all applicable laws at the time those actions were taken. Further, it is possible that we may be exposed to liability due to releases of pollutants, or other environmental impacts that may arise in the course of our operations. For instance, some of the work we perform is in underground and water environments, and if the field location maps or waterway charts supplied to us are not accurate, or if objects are present in the soil or water that are not indicated on the field location maps or waterway charts, our underground and underwater work could strike objects in the soil or the waterway bottom containing pollutants and result in a rupture and discharge of pollutants. In addition, we sometimes perform directional drilling operations below certain environmentally sensitive terrains and water bodies, and due to the inconsistent nature of the terrain and water bodies, it is possible that such directional drilling may cause a surface fracture releasing subsurface materials. These releases may contain contaminants in excess of amounts permitted by law, may expose us to remediation costs and fines and legal actions by private parties seeking damages for non-compliance with environmental laws and regulations or for personal injury or property damage. We may not be able to recover some or any of these costs through insurance or increased revenues, which may have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results and financial condition. See “Business – Environmental Matters” for more information.

Our concrete segment is subject to extensive and complex regulations that affect land development and building construction, including zoning, density restrictions, building design and building standards. These regulations often provide broad discretion to the administering governmental authorities as to the conditions we must meet prior to development or construction being approved, if approved at all. We are subject to determinations by these authorities as to the adequacy of water or sewage facilities. New building developments may also be subject to various assessments for schools and other public improvements. In addition, in many markets, government authorities have implemented no growth or growth control initiatives. Any of these can limit, delay or increase the costs of development and construction.

The anticipated investment in port and marine infrastructure may not be as large as expected, which may result in periods of low demand for our marine construction services.

The demand for port construction, maintenance infrastructure services and dredging may be vulnerable to downturns in the economy generally and in the marine transportation industry specifically. The amount of capital expenditures on port facilities and marine infrastructure in our markets is affected by the actual and anticipated shipping and vessel needs of the economy in general and in our geographic markets in particular. If the general level of economic activity deteriorates, our customers may delay or cancel expansions, upgrades, maintenance and repairs to their infrastructure. A number of other factors, including the financial condition of the shipping industry, could adversely affect our customers and their ability or willingness to fund capital expenditures in the future. During downturns in the U.S. or world economies, the anticipated port usage in our geographic markets may decline, resulting in less port construction, upgrading and maintenance. As a result, demand for our services could substantially decline for extended periods.

Table of Contents

Restrictions on foreign ownership of our vessels could limit our ability to sell off any portion of our marine construction segment or result in the forfeiture of our vessels or in our inability to continue our operations in United States navigable waters.

The Foreign Dredge Act of 1906, the Jones Act, the Shipping Act of 1984 and the Vessel Documentation Act require vessels engaged in thetransportofmerchandiseorpassengersbetweentwopointsintheUnitedStatesordredginginthenavigablewatersof the United States to be owned and controlled by United States citizens. The United States citizen ownership and control standards require the vessel-owning entity to be at least 75% U.S. citizen-owned, thus restricting foreign ownership interests in the entities that directly or indirectly own the vessels we operate. If we were to seek to sell any portion of our marine segment that owns any of these vessels, we may have fewer potential purchasers, since some potential purchasers might be unable or unwilling to satisfy the foreign ownership restrictions described above; additionally, any sales of certain of our larger vessels to foreign buyers would be subject to approval by the U.S. Maritime Administration. As a result, the sales price for that portion of our marine segment may not attain the amount that could be obtained in an unregulatedmarket.

Our concrete segment is geographically concentrated in Texas.

Our concrete segment, which accounted for 34.5%, 44.4% and 54.7% of our contract revenues for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively, is concentrated in the metropolitan areas of the State of Texas, particularly Houston and Dallas. Given this concentration, general economic conditions, regulatory changes, changes in demographics, material costs, labor conditions, competition and other conditions that affect those metropolitan areas or the State of Texas may have a disproportionate impact on the performance of our concrete segment. In addition, our operations in Texas may make us more susceptible to natural disasters, including hurricanes, tornadoes and flooding.

A significant portion of our revenues may be concentrated among a small number of projects.

From time to time in any given period, a significant percentage of our revenues may be attributable to a limited number of contracts, customers or projects. A reduction in scale, a delay in scheduled work, the termination of a material contract, or the loss of a major customer could negatively impact our reputation and could have an adverse effect on our business, our revenue and results of operations. Furthermore, even if the ultimate amount of our contract revenue attributable to a particular project remains the same, delays in scheduled work may impact the timing of the recognition of our contract revenues and profits. In addition, in many cases, we work as a subcontractor or among a team of contractors. Our ability to timely execute on our work is often affected by scheduling changes or contract performance by our co-contractors, all of which are outside of our control.

For example, our Pearl Harbor Project for the United States Navy, our portion of which totals approximately $450.2 million, and our design-build contract for the Grand Bahama Shipyard totaling approximately $120.2 million may concentrate our revenues. To the extent we are unable to perform our services or experience any delays in the Pearl Harbor Project, the Grand Bahama Shipyard or any other significant project, anticipated revenue or profits associated with that project may not be realized or may otherwise shift into future periods, which may impact the accuracy of our guidance.

The timing and funding of new contracts may result in volatility in our cash flow and profitability. These factors as well as others that may cause our actual financial results to vary from any publicly disclosed earnings guidance and forecasts are outside of our control.

Our revenues are generated from project-based work. It is generally very difficult to predict the timing and source of awarded contracts, and the timing of revenue under awarded contracts. The selection of, timing of, or failure to obtain projects, delays in awards of projects, the rebidding or termination of projects due to budget overruns, or the cancellations of projects or delays in completion of contracts could result in the under-utilization of our assets and reduce our cash flows and profitability, or cause revenues to be shifted further into the future. Even if we are awarded contracts, we face additional risks that could affect whether, or when, work will begin. For example, some of our contracts are subject to financing and other contingencies that may delay or result in termination of projects. This may make it difficult to match workforce size and equipment location with contract needs. In some cases, we may be required to bear the cost of a readily available workforce and fleet of equipment that is larger than needed at the time, resulting in unpredictability in our cash

Table of Contents

flow, expenses and profitability. If an expected contract award or the related notice to proceed is delayed or not received, we could incur substantial costs without receipt of any corresponding revenues, or the revenues could appear in periods later than expected. Delays by our customers in obtaining required approvals and permits for their infrastructure projects may delay their awarding contracts for those projects and once awarded, the ability to commence construction under those contracts. Moreover, construction projects for which our services are contracted may require significant expenditures by us prior to receipt of relevant payments by a customer and may expose us to potential credit risk if such customer should encounter financial difficulties. Such expenditures could reduce our cash flows and necessitate increased borrowings under our Credit Agreement. In addition, a change in the timing of a construction project may impact future revenue. If a project is delayed, revenue that we expect to receive may appear in periods later than we initially expected, which may impact the accuracy of our guidance. Finally, the winding down or completion of work on significant projects that were active in previous periods will reduce our revenue and earnings if such significant projects have not been replaced in the current period. From time to time, we may publicly provide earnings or other forms of guidance, which reflect our predictions about future revenue, operating costs and capital structure, among other factors. Any such predictions may be impacted by these factors as well as others that are beyond our control and might not turn out to be accurate.

We may not be able to enter into contracts associated with our pipeline of opportunities, or realize any revenue associated with our pipeline of opportunities.

As of December 31, 2024, we had a pipeline of opportunities of approximately $16 billion. We define our pipeline of opportunities as specific projects that we have identified and are tracking as projects of interest.

Our pipeline of opportunities does not represent binding contracts with third parties. Before we can capitalize on our pipeline of opportunities, we would have to enter into contracts with third parties, or otherwise be selected to perform services, for the particular project identified in our pipeline of opportunities. We cannot provide any assurance that we will ultimately enter into a contract with a third party or provide services with respect to any particular opportunity. We may be unable to enter into contracts or perform services associated with an opportunity for a variety of reasons, including being outbid, not having the ability to satisfy customer or contract requirements, resource constraints, or bonding requirements. Even if we enter into a contract associated with an opportunity, it may be for a contract amount that is lower than the amount we estimated and included in our pipeline.

Furthermore, even if we are ultimately awarded contracts in our pipeline of opportunities, we cannot guarantee that the revenue associated with those projects will be realized, or if realized, will result in positive earnings. Further, such contracts would become subject to the typical risks associated with our projects, such as execution risk, counter-party risk, delays, cancellations, cost-overruns, weather conditions, natural disasters, health epidemics, and cybersecurity incidents, among others.

We conduct a portion of our operations through joint ventures, exposing us to risks and uncertainties, many of which are outside of our control.

We conduct a portion of our operations through project-specific joint ventures, pursuant to which we jointly bid on and execute projects with other companies in the construction industry. For example, we are a joint venture partner to Kraemer North America for the Deschutes Estuary Restoration Project. We may in the future enter into additional joint ventures.

These joint ventures expose us to risks and uncertainties. Success on joint venture projects depends in part on whether our joint venture partners satisfy their obligations, and we cannot control the actions of our joint venture partners. Differences in views among joint venture partners may result in delayed decisions or failures to agree on major issues. If our joint venture partners, or as a result the joint venture, fails to satisfy its obligations, the customer may terminate the project, which could result in legal liability to us, harm to our reputation and reduce our revenues and profit for a project. If our reputation as a joint venture partner is harmed, it may be difficult for us to enter into new joint venture arrangements which are increasingly required due to the increased size and scale of projects we are bidding on and expect to bid on in the future.

We and our joint venture partners are also generally jointly and severally liable for all liabilities and obligations of the joint venture. If our partners do not meet their contractual obligations, the joint venture may be unable to adequately

Table of Contents

perform and deliver its contracted services, requiring us to make additional investments or perform additional services to the customer. While we attempt to mitigate that risk through indemnification and subcontractor arrangements, we could ultimately be liable for both our obligations and those of our partners, which may result in reduced profits, significant losses on the project and a negative impact to our cash flows.

In some joint ventures and similar arrangements, we may not be the controlling member. In these cases, we may have limited control over the actions of the joint venture. In addition, joint ventures or similar arrangements may not be subject to the same requirements regarding internal controls and internal control over financial reporting that we follow. To the extent the controlling member makes decisions that negatively impact the joint venture or arrangement or internal control problems arise within the joint venture or arrangement, it could have a material adverse impact on our business, results of operations, cash flows or financial condition.

Risk Factors Relating to Our Employees

If we fail to attract, retain and engage appropriately qualified employees, including employees in key positions, our operations and profitability may be harmed. In addition, changes in market compensation rates may adversely affect our profitability.

Our performance is highly dependent on attracting, retaining and engaging appropriately qualified employees in our field and corporate offices. Our strategy of offering high-quality services and products for our customers requires a highly trained and engaged workforce. The turnover rate in the specialty construction industry is relatively high, and there is an ongoing need to recruit and train new employees. Factors that affect our ability to maintain sufficient numbers of qualified employees include, for example, employee engagement, our reputation, unemployment rates, competition from other employers, availability of qualified personnel and our ability to offer appropriate compensation and benefit packages. Failure to recruit or retain qualified employees in the future may impair our efficiency and effectiveness and our ability to pursue growth opportunities. In addition, a significant amount of turnover of our executive team or other employees in key positions with specific knowledge relating to us, our operations and our industry may negatively impact our operations.

We operate in a competitive labor market and there is a risk that market increases in compensation and employer-provided benefits could have a material adverse effect on our profitability. We may also be subject to continued market pressure to increase employee hourly wage rates and increased cost pressure on employer-provided benefits. Our need to implement corresponding adjustments within our labor model and compensation and benefit packages could have a material adverse impact to the profitability of our business.

We may be subject to unionization, work stoppages, slowdowns or increased labor costs.

On February 4, 2022, former U.S. President Biden signed Executive Order 14063, which provided that, with certain exceptions, government contractors and subcontractors working on federal construction projects that are estimated to cost the U.S. government at least $35 million must become a party to a project labor agreement with one or more appropriate labor organizations. On December 22, 2023, the U.S. Federal Acquisition Regulatory Council issued a final rule consistent with the executive order, which went into effect on January 22, 2024. On January 21, 2025, the United States Court of Federal Claims upheld a challenge to the validity of the final rule. In the event the rule is ultimately determined by a high court to be valid and our operations are determined not to satisfy any of the exceptions of the rule or the government otherwise determines that our operations with respect to any future federal project must comply with the rule, then we may be required to enter into project labor agreements which would be disruptive to our operations and could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results and financial condition.

Only a small percentage of our marine segment workforce, located in the Pacific Northwest and Alaska, is currently unionized. If at any time, a majority of our employees unionized, it could limit the flexibility of the workforce and could result in demands that might increase our operating expenses and adversely affect our profitability. Each of our different employee groups could unionize at any time and would require separate collective bargaining agreements. If any group of our employees were to unionize and we were unable to agree on the terms of their collective bargaining agreement or we were to experience widespread employee dissatisfaction, we could be subject to work slowdowns or stoppages. In addition, we may be subject to disruptions by organized labor groups protesting our non-union status. Any of these events would be

Table of Contents

disruptive to our operations and could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results and financial condition.

Our employees in the marine segment are covered by federal laws that provide seagoing employees remedies for job-related claims in addition to those provided by state laws.

Many of our marine segment employees are covered by federal maritime law, including provisions of the Jones Act, the Longshore and Harbor Workers Act, (“USL&H”) and the Seaman’s Wage Act. Jones Act laws typically operate to make liability limits established by USL&H and state workers’ compensation laws inapplicable to these employees and to permit these employees and their representatives to pursue litigation against employers for job-related injuries. Because in some cases we are not protected by the limits imposed by state workers’ compensation statutes, we have greater exposure for claims made by these employees as compared to employers whose employees are not covered by these provisions.

For example, in the normal course of business, we are a defendant in various personal injury lawsuits. We maintain insurance to cover claims that arise from injuries to our workforce subject to a deductible. During 2024, we recorded $2.6 million of expense for our self-insured portion of these liabilities. We believe our recorded self-insurance reserves represent our best estimate of the outcomes of these claims. Should negative trends persist, we could be negatively impacted in the future.

If we fail to comply with immigration laws, such failure could result in significant liabilities, harm our reputation with our customers and disrupt our operations.

Although we take steps to verify the employment eligibility status of all of our employees, some of our employees may, without our knowledge, be unauthorized workers. Unauthorized workers are subject to deportation and may subject us to fines or penalties and, if any of our workers are found to be unauthorized, we could experience adverse publicity that could make it more difficult to hire and retain qualified employees. Termination of a significant number of unauthorized employees may disrupt our operations, cause temporary increases in our labor costs as we train new employees and result in additional adverse publicity. We could also become subject to fines, penalties and other costs related to claims that we did not fully comply with all recordkeeping obligations of federal and state immigration laws. If we fail to comply with these laws, our operations may be disrupted, and we may be subject to fines or, in extreme cases, criminal sanctions.

In addition, many of our customer contracts specifically require compliance with immigration laws, and, in some cases, our customers’ audit compliance with these laws. Further, several of our customers require that we ensure that our subcontractors comply with these laws with respect to the workers that perform services for them. A failure to comply with these laws or to ensure compliance by our subcontractors could damage our reputation and may cause our customers to cancel contracts with us or to not award future business to us. These factors could adversely affect our operations and financial position.

General Risk Factors

Systems and information technology interruption or failure and data security breaches could adversely impact our ability to operate or expose us to significant financial losses and reputational harm.

We rely heavily on computer information, and communications technology and related systems in order to properly operate our business. From time to time, we experience occasional system interruptions and delays. In the event we are unable to regularly deploy software and hardware, effectively upgrade our systems and network infrastructure, and take other steps to maintain or improve the efficiency and efficacy of our systems, the operation of such systems could be interrupted or result in the loss, corruption, or release of data. In addition, our computer and communication systems and operations could be damaged or interrupted by natural disasters, telecommunications failures, power loss, acts of war or terrorism, computer viruses, malicious code, physical or electronic security breaches, intentional or inadvertent user misuse or error, or similar events or disruptions. Any of these or other events could cause interruptions, delays, loss of critical and/or sensitive data or similar effects, which could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition, protection of intellectual property, and results of operations, as well as those of our clients.

In addition, we face the threat to our computer systems of unauthorized access, computer hackers, computer viruses, malicious code, organized cyber-attacks and other security problems and system disruptions, including possible

Table of Contents

unauthorized access to and disclosure of our and our clients’ proprietary or classified information. We rely on industry accepted security measures and technology to securely maintain all confidential and proprietary information on our computer systems, but they may still be vulnerable to these threats. As a result, we may be required to expend significant resources to protect against the threat of these system disruptions and security breaches or to alleviate problems caused by these disruptions and breaches. Any of these events could damage our reputation and have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

Adverse changes in tax laws both in the United States and abroad, changes in tax rates or exposure to additional income tax liabilities could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations.

On December 15, 2022, the European Union (EU) Member States formally adopted the EU’s Pillar Two Directive, which generally provides for a minimum effective tax rate of 15%, as established by the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Pillar Two Framework that was supported by over 130 countries worldwide. The EU’s Pillar Two Directive effective dates are January 1, 2024, and January 1, 2025, for different aspects of the directive. On July 17, 2023, the OECD published Administrative Guidance proposing certain safe harbor rules that effectively extend certain effective dates to January 1, 2027. EU Member States will still need to adopt the OECD Administrative Guidance in their local Pillar Two legislation for such safe harbor rules to apply. A significant number of other countries are also considering implementing similar legislation. We are continuing to evaluate the potential impact on future periods of the Pillar Two Framework, pending legislative adoption by additional individual countries, including those within the European Union. At this time, we do not expect the impact to be significant.

Risk Factors Relating to Our Indebtedness

Our indebtedness includes covenants and obligations with regard to our business activities that may restrict our ability to take certain actions which may negatively affect our financial condition.

At December 31, 2024, our total indebtedness under our three-year $103.0 million senior secured credit facility (the “Credit Agreement”), dated May 15, 2023, as amended, was approximately $23.0 million. We must comply with various affirmative and negative covenants contained in our Credit Agreement, some of which may restrict the way in which we would like to conduct our business. Among other things, our requirements under our debt instruments could potentially limit our ability to:

● incur additional indebtedness or liens;

● sell assets;

● make loans or investments;

● make guarantees;

● enter into any hedging agreement for speculative purposes;

● acquire or be acquired by other companies; or

● amend some of our contracts.

The restrictions under our indebtedness may prevent us from engaging in certain transactions which might otherwise be considered beneficial to us, for example, they could:

We may incur additional indebtedness in the future by issuing debt instruments, under new credit agreements, under joint venture credit agreements, under capital leases or synthetic leases, on a project-finance or other basis or a combination of these. If we incur additional indebtedness in the future, it likely would be under arrangements that may have terms and

Table of Contents

conditions at least as restrictive as those contained in our existing Credit Agreement. At December 31, 2024, available capacity to borrow on the revolving lines of credit was $26.7 million. Failure to comply with the terms and conditions of any existing or future indebtedness, including current or prospective covenants, would constitute an event of default. If an event of default occurs, the lenders will have the right to accelerate the maturity of such indebtedness and foreclose upon the collateral, if any, securing that indebtedness.

Our variable rate indebtedness subjects us to interest rate risk, which could cause our debt service obligations to increase significantly.

Borrowings under the Credit Agreement allow for loans at variable rates of interest and expose us to interest rate risk. If interest rates increase, our debt service obligations on the variable rate indebtedness will increase even though the amount borrowed will remain the same, and our net income and operating cash flows, including cash available for servicing our indebtedness, will correspondingly decrease.

Additionally, rising interest rates may increase our cost of capital and, therefore, reduce the amount of capital available to fund our operations.

Our bonding requirements may limit our ability to incur indebtedness.

We generally are required to provide various types of surety bonds that provide an additional measure of security for our performance under certain government and private sector contracts. Our ability to obtain surety bonds depends upon various factors including our capitalization, working capital and amount of our indebtedness. In order to help ensure that we can obtain required bonds, we may be limited in our ability to incur additional indebtedness that may be needed for potential acquisitions and operations. Our inability to incur additional indebtedness could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results and financial condition.

Item 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS

None

Item 1C. CYBERSECURITY

Risk Management and Strategy

We have implemented and maintain a robust cybersecurity program to safeguard our information systems and protect the confidentiality, integrity and availability of our data.

Managing Material Risks & Integrated Overall Risk Management

We have strategically integrated cybersecurity risk management into our broader enterprise risk management framework to promote a company-wide culture of cybersecurity risk management. This integration ensures that cybersecurity considerations are an integral part of our decision-making processes at every level. Our information technology (“IT”) department continuously evaluates and addresses cybersecurity risks in alignment with our business objectives and operational needs.

Cybersecurity Insurance Coverage

Our internal cybersecurity risk management processes are supported by cybersecurity insurance that we have secured through industry leading underwriters. We believe that our cybersecurity insurance provides sufficient coverage to protect our assets, operations, and our employees from the financial impact of any cyber-attacks.

Table of Contents

Engage Third Parties on Risk Management

Recognizing the complexity and evolving nature of cybersecurity threats, we engage with a range of external experts, including cybersecurity insurers, assessors, consultants and auditors in evaluating and assessing our risk management systems. These partnerships enable us to leverage specialized knowledge and insights, ensuring our cybersecurity strategies and processes remain at the forefront of industry best practices. Our collaboration with these third parties includes regular audits, threat assessments and consultation on security enhancements.

Governance

The Board’s Role in Overseeing Cybersecurity Risk

The Board of Directors is acutely aware of the critical nature of managing cybersecurity risks. Given the potential significance of cybersecurity threats to our operational integrity and stakeholder confidence, the Board has established robust oversight mechanisms to ensure effective governance in managing our cybersecurity risks. The Board is comprised of directors with diverse backgrounds and expertise, including risk management, technology and finance, equipping them to oversee cybersecurity risks effectively.

In addition to our scheduled Board meetings, the Board, Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”), Chief Financial Officer (“CFO”), and Vice-President of Information Technology (“VPIT”) maintain an ongoing dialogue regarding emerging or potential cybersecurity risks, ensuring the Board’s oversight is proactive and responsive. The Board actively participates in strategic decisions related to cybersecurity, offering guidance and approval for major initiatives. This involvement ensures that cybersecurity considerations are integrated into our broader strategic objectives. The Board conducts an annual review of our cybersecurity program and the effectiveness of our applicable risk management strategies. This review helps in identifying areas for improvement and ensuring the alignment of our cybersecurity efforts with our overall risk management framework.

Management’s Role in Managing Cybersecurity Risk

Our CEO, CFO, and VPIT play a pivotal role in informing the Board regarding cybersecurity risks. They provide an annual comprehensive briefing to the Board, as well as interim updates throughout the year, as needed. The VPIT holds a Certified Information Systems Security Professional certification and an Engineering degree from Queen’s University in Canada, and he has over twenty years of experience in cybersecurity. Our executive leadership team (composed of our CEO, CFO, and other senior officers representing functional and business areas) has ultimate management responsibility for our cybersecurity program. The executive leadership team meets regularly to discuss our strategy, opportunities and risks, including our risk management measures used to identify and mitigate cybersecurity threats.

Risk Management Personnel

Primary responsibility for assessing, monitoring and managing our cybersecurity risks rests with the VPIT. Our VPIT oversees our governance programs, tests our compliance with standards, remediates known risks and leads our employee training program. Reporting to our VPIT are a number of experienced information security officers responsible for various parts of our business, each of whom is supported by a team of trained cybersecurity professionals.

Monitoring Cybersecurity Incidents

The VPIT stays informed about the latest developments in cybersecurity, including potential threats and innovative risk management techniques. This ongoing knowledge acquisition is crucial for the effective prevention, detection, mitigation and remediation of cybersecurity incidents. The VPIT implements and oversees processes for the regular monitoring of our information systems. This includes the deployment of advanced security measures and regular system audits to identify potential vulnerabilities. In the event of a cybersecurity incident, the VPIT is equipped with a well-defined, robust incident response plan. This plan includes immediate actions to mitigate the impact, report the incident, if required, and develop and implement long-term strategies for the remediation and prevention of future incidents.

Table of Contents

Material Cybersecurity Incidents

We are not aware of any cybersecurity incidents that have materially impaired our operations or financial reporting responsibilities or performance historically.

Internal Communication of Cybersecurity Matters

The VPIT regularly informs the executive leadership team of cybersecurity risks and incidents. This ensures that the highest levels of management are kept abreast of the cybersecurity posture and potential risks we face. Furthermore, significant cybersecurity matters, and strategic risk management decisions are escalated to the Board on a timely basis, ensuring that the Board has comprehensive oversight and can provide guidance on critical cybersecurity issues.

External Reporting of Cybersecurity Matters

We have adopted protocols by which certain cybersecurity incidents that meet established reporting thresholds are escalated and, where appropriate, reported promptly to the public. We have empowered a cross-functional team of management to determine whether established reporting thresholds have been met and whether public disclosure is necessary or required.

Item 2. PROPERTIES

Our corporate headquarters is currently located at 12000 Aerospace Avenue, Suite 300, Houston, Texas 77034, with 21,480 square feet of office space that we lease, with a current term expiring July 31, 2025 and with one five-year extension at our option. Our executive, legal, finance, and some accounting offices are located at this facility. In the summer of 2025, we are scheduled to relocate our corporate headquarters and consolidate our other operations offices in the greater Houston area to a new location at 2940 Riverby Road, Houston, Texas 77020. The lease for the new corporate headquarters and operations offices includes approximately 63,500 square feet of office space with a term expiring in 2036, subject to two five-year extensions at our option.

We lease office space in Alaska, Hawaii, Louisiana, Florida, Texas and Washington for our operations, including office and yard space. We may lease smaller project-related offices throughout our operating areas when the need arises.

We believe that our existing facilities are adequate for our operations. We do not believe that any single facility is material to our operations and, if necessary, we could readily obtain a replacement facility. Some of our real estate assets are pledged to secure our Credit Agreement.

Item 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

Please refer to Note 17 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for a discussion of legal proceedings.

Item 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Not applicable.

Table of Contents

PART II

Item 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES

Market Information

Our common stock is listed on the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) and trades under the symbol “ORN.”

Holders

As of February 21, 2025, we had approximately 9,577 stockholders of record including beneficial holders.

Issuer Repurchase of Equity Securities

None

Performance Graph*

The following graph shows the changes in the value of $100 invested in (1) the common stock of Orion Group Holdings, Inc., (2) the Standard & Poor’s 500 Stock Index and (3) the Dow Jones Heavy Construction Group Index. The values of each investment are based on share price appreciation, with reinvestment of all dividends, assuming any were paid. For each graph, the investments are assumed to have occurred at the beginning of each period.

* This table and the information therein are being furnished but not filed. Such information will not be deemed to be soliciting material or incorporated by reference into any filing under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act, except to the extent that it is specifically incorporated by reference.

Table of Contents

Securities Authorized for Issuance Under Equity Compensation Plans

The information required by Item 201(d) of Regulation S-K is hereby incorporated by reference from our definitive proxy statement to be filed with the SEC pursuant to Regulation 14A no later than April 30, 2025.

Item 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS

OF OPERATIONS

The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations is based on and should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes beginning on page F-1 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Certain statements made in our discussion may be forward-looking. Forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties and a number of other factors that could cause actual results or outcomes to differ materially from our expectations. See “Forward-Looking Statements” at the beginning of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional discussion of some of these risks and uncertainties. Unless the context requires otherwise, when we refer to “we,” “us” and “our,” we are describing Orion Group Holdings, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries and affiliates.

Overview

Orion Group Holdings, Inc. and subsidiaries (hereafter collectively referred to as the “Company”), is a leading specialty construction company serving the infrastructure, industrial, and building sectors, providing services both on and off the water in the continental United States, Alaska, Hawaii, Canada and the Caribbean Basin through our marine segment and our concrete segment. Our marine segment provides construction and dredging services including marine transportation facility construction, marine pipeline construction, marine environmental structures construction, dredging of waterways, channels and ports, environmental dredging, design, and specialty services related to marine construction, fabrication, and dredging. Our concrete segment provides turnkey concrete construction services including concrete surface place and finish, site preparation, layout, forming, and rebar placement for large commercial, structural and other associated business areas. We are headquartered in Houston, Texas with regional offices throughout our operating areas.

Our contracts are obtained primarily through competitive bidding in response to “requests for proposals” by federal, state and local agencies and through negotiation and competitive bidding with private parties and general contractors. Our bidding activity and strategies are affected by factors such as our backlog, current utilization of equipment and other resources, job location, our ability to obtain necessary surety bonds and competitive considerations. The timing and location of awarded contracts may result in unpredictable fluctuations in the results of our operations.

Most of our revenue is derived from fixed-price contracts. We record revenue on construction contracts over time, measured by the percentage of actual contract costs incurred to date to total estimated costs for each contract. There are a number of factors that can create variability in contract performance and therefore impact the results of our operations.

The most significant of these include the following:

● completeness and accuracy of the original bid;

● increases in commodity prices such as concrete, steel and fuel;

● subcontractor performance;

● unforeseen site conditions;

● availability and skill level of workers; and

● a change in availability and proximity of equipment and materials.

Table of Contents

All of these factors can have a negative impact on our contract performance, which can adversely affect the timing of revenue recognition and ultimate contract profitability. We plan our operations and bidding activity with these factors in mind and they generally have not had a material adverse impact on the results of our operations in the past.

2024 Recap and 2025 Outlook

In 2024, we recorded revenues of $796.4 million, an increase of 11.9% as compared with 2023. $521.3 million of total revenue was attributable to our marine segment and the remaining $275.1 million to our concrete segment. Our net loss was $1.6 million, as compared with net loss of $17.9 million in the prior year. In addition, we ended 2024 with a consolidated backlog of $729.1 million.

Looking to 2025, we will continue to execute our strategic plan focused on developing opportunities across the infrastructure, industrial, and building sectors.

Marine Segment

Demand for our marine construction services continues, given our differentiated capabilities and service offering within the space. We continue to see bid opportunities to help maintain and expand the infrastructure that facilitates the movement of goods and people on or over waterways. Opportunities from local port authorities and private clients are expected to expand over the long-term due to the need to accommodate larger ships and deeper drafts because of the expanded Panama Canal. In addition, the $1.2 trillion Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act contains billions of dollars allocated to ports and water infrastructure, bridges, and causeways. We believe our current equipment fleet will allow us to meet market demand for projects from both our public and private customers.

In the long-term, we see positive trends in demand for our services in our end markets, including:

● Continuing need to repair and improve degrading U.S. marine infrastructure;

● Navy infrastructure investments;

● Opportunities related to the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (“IIJA”).

Concrete Segment

Demand for our concrete segment’s services continues, although timing of certain new project releases could be delayed as a result of inflation, interest rates, labor concerns, supply chain delays and macroeconomic impacts. We currently see long-term demand for our concrete construction services in the Texas building sector as Texas’s major metropolitan areas,

Table of Contents

and expanding suburbs continue to be leading locations for population and business growth. Population growth throughout our markets continues to drive new distribution centers, education facilities, office expansion, retail and grocery establishments, new multi-family housing units, and structural towers for business, residential or mixed-use purposes. The diversified Texas economy provides us with multiple sources of bid opportunities. Additional demand for concrete services in our markets could be provided by work as part of the federal infrastructure bill.

In the long-term, we see positive trends in demands for our services in our end markets, including:

●Population growth in the state of Texas driven by corporate relocations;

● Geographic expansion outside of Texas; and

●Potential opportunities related to the IIJA.

Consolidated Results of Operations

Backlog Information

Our contract backlog represents our estimate of the revenues we expect to realize under the portion of contracts remaining to be performed. Given the typical duration of our contracts, which is generally less than a year, our backlog at any point in time usually represents only a portion of the revenue that we expect to realize during a twelve-month period. We have not been adversely affected by contract cancellations or modifications in the past; however we may be in the future, especially in periods of economic uncertainty.

Backlog as of the periods ended below are as follows (in millions):

We are optimistic in our end-markets and in the opportunities that are emerging across our various marketplaces as evidencedby the $1.2 billion of quoted bids outstanding at quarter end. Of this amount, approximately $248 million was either awarded to us and contracted, or awarded and pending contract, subsequent to December 31, 2024.

These estimates are subject to fluctuations based upon the scope of services to be provided, as well as factors affecting the time required to complete the project. Backlog is not necessarily indicative of future results. In addition to our backlog under contract, we also have a substantial number of projects in negotiation or pending award at any given time. Delays in decisions on pending awards also have a negative impact on the timing and amount by which we are able to increase backlog.

Table of Contents

Income Statement Comparisons

Year ended December 31,

Amount Percent Amount Percent Amount Percent

(dollar amounts in thousands)

Amortization of intangible assets — — % 427 0.1 % 1,239 0.2 %

Intangible asset impairment loss — — % 6,890 1.0 % — — %

Other (expense) income:

Year ended December 31, 2024 compared with year ended December 31, 2023

Contract Revenues. Contract revenues for the year ended December 31, 2024 of $796.4 million increased $84.6 million or 11.9% as compared to $711.8 million in the prior year period. The increase was primarily due to an increase in marine segment revenue related to the Pearl Harbor drydock project, partially offset by lower concrete segment revenue due to disciplined bidding standards to win quality work at attractive margins.

Gross Profit. Gross profit was $91.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to $61.7 million in the prior year period, an increase of $29.5 million or 47.8%. Gross profit in the year ended December 31, 2024 was 11.4% of total contract revenues as compared to 8.7% in the prior year period. The increase in gross profit dollars and margin was primarily driven by improved pricing of projects in both segments stemming from higher quality projects and improved execution.

Selling, General and Administrative Expense.Selling, General and Administrative (“SG&A”) expenses were $82.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to $69.4 million in the prior year period, an increase of $13.1 million or 18.9%. As a percentage of total contract revenues, SG&A expenses increased from 9.8% to 10.4%. The increase in SG&A dollars and percentage reflect an increase in IT, compensation, business development spending, and higher legal costs related to pursuing project-related claims.

Gain on Disposal of Assets, net. During the year ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 we realized $2.9 million and $8.5 million, respectively, of net gains on disposal of assets. The year ended December 31, 2023, included a gain of $5.2 million related to the sale-leaseback of our Port Lavaca South Yard property in Texas.

Other Expense, net. Other expense primarily reflects interest on our borrowings of $13.4 million and $11.7 million in the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, partially offset by interest income and non-operating gains or losses.

Income Tax Expense. We recorded tax expense of $0.3 million in both the year ended December 31, 2024 and in the prior year period. Our effective tax rate for the year ended December 31, 2024 was (26.9)%, which differs from the federal statutory rate of 21% primarily due to the tax impact from the valuation allowance for current year activity, the statue expiration of an uncertain tax position, state income taxes and the non-deductibility of other permanent items.

Table of Contents

Year ended December 31, 2023 compared with year ended December 31, 2022

Contract Revenues. Contract revenues for the year ended December 31, 2023 of $711.8 million decreased $36.5 million or 4.9% as compared to $748.3 million in the prior year period. The decrease was primarily due to weather and customer delays in both businesses in the first quarter of 2023 and a reduction of concrete segment revenue in central Texas, partially offset by an increase in marine revenue primarily related to the Pearl Harbor Project.

Gross Profit. Gross profit was $61.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2023, compared to $50.7 million in the prior year period, an increase of $11.0 million or 21.5%. Gross profit was 8.7% of total contract revenues in the year ended December 31, 2023, compared to 6.8% in the prior year period. The increase in gross profit dollars and margin was primarily due to actions to manage costs during project delays, including reallocating equipment, reducing the size of the fleet, headcount reductions, and realizing margin improvements in the concrete business that reflected our margin improvement initiatives.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses. SG&A expenses were $69.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2023, compared to $62.5 million in the prior year period,an increase of $6.9 million, or 11.1%. As a percentage of total contract revenues, SG&A expenses increased from 8.4% to 9.8% for the year ended December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. The increase in SG&A dollars and percentage was primarily due to the decrease in concrete segment revenue, an increase in bonus expense as a result of our strong performance relative to the budget and the addition of strategic new leadership positions in the year ended December 31, 2023, partially offset by lower consulting expense related to the completion of the management transition.

Gain on Disposal of Assets, net. During the year ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, we realized $8.5 million and $5.0 million, respectively, of net gains on disposal of assets. Included in the current year amount is a net gain of $5.2 million related to the sale-leaseback of our Port Lavaca South Yard property in Texas. See Note 11 of the Notes to the Financial Statements in this Form 10-K for a further description of the sale of property.

Intangible Asset Impairment Loss. During the year ended December 31, 2023, we recorded a $6.9 million intangible asset impairment loss due to our strategic decision to rebrand the concrete segment under the Orion banner. The segment had previously operated under its prior name, TAS Concrete Construction, since its acquisition in 2015. The rebranding reflects a strategic initiative to integrate our different service offerings under one banner to leverage Orion’s brand reputation and to deliver greater value and seamless execution for our customers. See Note 8 of the Notes to the Financial Statements in this Form 10-K for a further discussion of the intangible asset impairment loss.

Other Expense, net. Other expense, net primarily reflects interest on our borrowings, partially offset by interest income and non-operating gains or losses. Interest expense for the year ended December 31, 2023 of $11.7 million increased $7.2 million, as compared to $4.5 million in the prior year period. This increase was primarily due to an increase in the weighted average interest rate from 6.23% in the prior year period to 12.00% in the current year period as a result of the terms of our new Credit Agreement with White Oak and an increase in the weighted average debt outstanding in the current year period as compared to the prior year period.

Income Tax Expense. We recorded tax expense of $0.3 million in the year ended December 31, 2023, compared to tax expense of $0.4 million in the prior year period. Our effective tax rate for the year ended December 31, 2023 was (1.9)%, which differs from the federal statutory rate of 21% primarily due to the tax impact from the valuation allowance for current year activity, state income taxes and the non-deductibility of other permanent items.

Table of Contents

Segment Results

The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, statements of operations data by segment, segment revenues as a percentage of consolidated revenues and segment operating income (loss) as a percentage of segment revenues.

Year ended December 31,

ORN US Equity

ORN · 10-K · period ended 2024-12-31

Item 1. BUSINESS

Item 1A. RISK FACTORS

Item 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS

Item 1C. CYBERSECURITY

Item 2. PROPERTIES

Item 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

Item 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Item 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES

Item 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS

ORN US Equity☆

ORN · 10-K · period ended 2024-12-31

Item 1. BUSINESS

Item 1A. RISK FACTORS

Item 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS

Item 1C. CYBERSECURITY

Item 2. PROPERTIES

Item 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

Item 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Item 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES

Item 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS

ORN US Equity