NNBR US Equity☆

nnbr-20211231

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K

For the fiscal year endedDecember 31, 2021

OR

For the transition period from to

Commission file number000-23486

NN, Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

6210 Ardrey Kell Road, Suite 600Charlotte, North Carolina 28277

(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)

(980) 264-4300

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class Trading symbol Name of each exchange on which registered

Common Stock, par value $0.01 NNBR The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☐ No☑

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ☐ No☑

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes☑ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such file). Yes☑ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer ☐ Accelerated filer ☑

Non-accelerated filer ☐ Smaller reporting company ☑

Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. ☑

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes ☐ No ☑

The aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting common stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant was approximately $158 million as of June 30, 2021, the last business day of the registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter, computed using the closing price of the registrant’s common stock as quoted on the Nasdaq Stock Market LLC on that date of $7.35. Solely for purposes of making this calculation, shares of the registrant’s common stock held by named executive officers, directors and 5% or greater stockholders of the registrant as of such date have been excluded because such persons may be deemed to be affiliates. This determination of affiliate status is not necessarily a conclusive determination for any other purposes.

As of March 4, 2022, there were 43,297,653 shares of the registrant’s common stock, par value $0.01 per share, outstanding.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

Portions of the Proxy Statement with respect to the 2022 Annual Meeting of Stockholders are incorporated by reference in Part III, Items 10 to 14 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K as indicated herein. Such proxy statement will be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission within 120 days of the registrant’s fiscal year ended December 31, 2021.

NN, Inc.

INDEX

Page

PART I 5

Item 1. Business 5

Item 1A. Risk Factors 11

Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments 20

Item 2. Properties 20

Item 3. Legal Proceedings 21

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures 21

Item 6. Reserved 23

Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk 32

Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data 33

Item 9A. Controls and Procedures 74

Item 9B. Other Information 75

Item 9C. Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections 85

Part III 76

Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers, and Corporate Governance 76

Item 11. Executive Compensation 76

Item 14. Principal Accountant Fees and Services 76

Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules 77

SIGNATURES 82

3

Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

This Annual Report on Form 10-K contains forward-looking statements that are made pursuant to the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These statements may discuss goals, intentions and expectations as to future trends, plans, events, results of operations or financial condition, or state other information relating to NN, Inc., based on current beliefs of management as well as assumptions made by, and information currently available to, management. Forward-looking statements generally will be accompanied by words such as “anticipate,” “believe,” “could,” “estimate,” “expect,” “forecast,” “guidance,” “intend,” “may,” “possible,” “potential,” “predict,” “project” or other similar words, phrases or expressions. Forward-looking statements involve a number of risks and uncertainties that are outside of management’s control and that may cause actual results to be materially different from such forward-looking statements. Such factors include, among others, general economic conditions and economic conditions in the industrial sector; the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Company’s financial condition, business operations and liquidity; competitive influences; risks that current customers will commence or increase captive production; risks of capacity underutilization; quality issues; material changes in the costs and availability of raw materials; economic, social and political instability, currency fluctuation, and other risks of doing business outside of the United States; our dependence on certain major customers, some of whom are not parties to long-term agreements (and/or are terminable on short notice); the impact of acquisitions and divestitures; the level of our indebtedness; the restrictions contained in our debt agreements; our ability to obtain financing at favorable rates, if at all, and to refinance existing debt as it matures; unanticipated difficulties integrating acquisitions; new laws and governmental regulations; the impact of climate change on our operations; cyber liability or potential liability for breaches of our or our service providers’ information technology systems or business operations disruptions; and other risk factors and cautionary statements listed from time-to-time in our periodic reports filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission. We disclaim any obligation to update any such factors or to publicly announce the result of any revisions to any of the forward-looking statements included herein or therein to reflect future events or developments.

4

Table of Contents

PART I

Item 1.Business

Introduction

NN, Inc. is a diversified industrial company that combines in-depth materials science expertise with advanced engineering and production capabilities to design and manufacture high-precision metal and plastic components and assemblies for a variety of end markets on a global basis. As used in this Annual Report on Form 10-K (this “Annual Report”), the terms “NN,” the “Company,” “we,” “our,” or “us” refer to NN, Inc., and its subsidiaries. We have 31 facilities in North America, Europe, South America, and Asia.

Our enterprise and management structure is designed to accelerate growth and further balance our portfolio by aligning our strategic assets and businesses. Our businesses are organized into the Mobile Solutions and Power Solutions groups and are based principally on the end markets they serve.

Business Segments and Products

Mobile Solutions

Mobile Solutions is focused on growth in the automotive and general industrial end markets. We have developed an expertise in manufacturing highly complex, tight tolerance, system critical components. Our technical capabilities can be utilized in numerous applications including for use in battery electric, hybrid electric, and internal combustion engine vehicles. The group currently manufactures components on a high-volume basis for use in power steering, braking, transmissions, and gasoline fuel system applications, along with components utilized in heating, ventilation and air conditioning and diesel injection and diesel emissions treatment applications. This expertise has been gained through investment in technical capabilities, processes and systems, and allows us to provide skilled program management and product launch capabilities.

Power Solutions

Power Solutions is focused on growth in the electrical, general industrial, automotive, aerospace, defense, and medical end markets. Within this group we combine materials science expertise with advanced engineering and production capabilities to design and manufacture a broad range of high-precision metal and plastic components, assemblies, and finished devices used in applications ranging from power control to flight control and for military devices. We manufacture a variety of products including electrical contacts, connectors, contact assemblies, and precision stampings for the electrical end market and high precision products for the aerospace and defense end market utilizing our extensive process technologies for optical grade plastics, thermally conductive plastics, titanium, Inconel, magnesium, and electroplating. Our medical business includes the production of a variety of tools and instruments for the orthopaedics and medical/surgical end markets.

Competitive Strengths

High-precision manufacturing capabilities

We believe our ability to produce high-precision parts at high production volumes is among the best in the market. Our technology platform consists of high precision machining, progressive stamping, injection molding, laser welding, material science, assembly, and design optimization. In-house tool design and process know-how create trade secrets that enable consistent production tolerances of less than one micron while producing millions of parts per day. Parts are manufactured to application-specific customer design and co-design standards that are developed for a specific use. The high-precision capabilities are part of our zero-defect design process which seeks to eliminate variability and manufacturing defects throughout the entire product lifecycle. We believe our production capabilities provide a competitive advantage as few other manufacturers are capable of meeting tolerance demands at any volume level requested by our customers. As the need for tight-tolerance precision parts, subassemblies, and devices continues to increase, we believe that our production capabilities will place us at the forefront of the industry. We have differentiated ourselves among our competitors by providing customers engineered solutions and a broad reach and breadth of manufacturing capabilities. We believe it is for these reasons, and because of our proven ability to produce high-quality, precision parts and components on a cost-effective basis, that customers choose us to meet their manufacturing needs.

Differentiated, system-critical products

The tight-tolerance and high-quality nature of our precision products is specifically suited for use in the most demanding applications that require superior reliability. Our products are critical components to the operation and reliability of larger mechanical systems. Precision parts are difficult to manufacture and achieve premium pricing in the marketplace as the high cost of failure motivates our customers to focus on quality. Our products are developed for specific uses within critical systems

5

Table of Contents

and are typically designed in conjunction with the system designer. Our parts are often qualified for, or specified in, customer designs, reducing the ability for customers to change suppliers.

Our ability to make products with tight-tolerance and extreme precision requirements enables our customers to satisfy the critical functionality and performance requirements of their products. We are included in customer designs and deployed in critical systems that involve high cost of failure applications and significant regulatory certification processes, including those for the Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”), Underwriters Laboratories (“UL”), and the National Aerospace and Defense Contractors Accreditation Program (“NADCAP”).

Complete product lifecycle focus

Our engineering expertise and deep knowledge of precision manufacturing processes adds proprietary value throughout the complete lifecycle of our products. Our in-house engineering team works closely with our customers to provide parts that meet specific design specifications for a given application. The relationship with the customer begins early in the conceptual design process when we provide feedback on potential cost, manufacturability, and estimated reliability of the parts. Part designs are then prototyped, tested, and qualified in coordination with the customer design process before going to full-scale production. The close working relationship with our customers early in the product lifecycle helps to secure business, increase industry knowledge, and develop significant trade secrets. Performance verification, product troubleshooting, and post-production engineering services further deepen relationships with our customers as well as provide additional industry knowledge that is applicable to future design programs and provide continuous manufacturing process improvement.

Prototype products are developed for testing, and process validation procedures are instituted. In many instances, we will file for regulatory production approval and include the customer’s proprietary processes, further discouraging supplier changes. We will assist the customer with continuous supply chain management and comprehensive customer support for the lifetime of the product and continuously seek to identify new operational efficiencies to reduce the product’s cost and improve its quality. Once our solution is designed into a platform, it is often embedded through the multi-year manufacturing lifecycle and has a competitive advantage in supporting subsequent platforms. As an added benefit, customers generally fund development, prototypes, and manufacturing tooling expenses. This discourages supplier changes and drives recurring revenue for us.

Long-term blue-chip customer base

We maintain relationships with hundreds of customers around the world. Our customers are typically sophisticated, engineering-driven, mechanical systems manufacturers with long histories of product development and reputations for quality. We have no significant retail exposure, which limits volatility and provides enhanced sales visibility. Relationships with our top ten customers, in terms of revenue, average more than ten years. We have significant exposure to emerging markets in Asia, South America, and Europe through these global customers as well as key local manufacturers. The diverse nature, size, and reach of our customer base provides resistance to localized market and geographic fluctuations and help stabilizes overall product demand.

Strategic global footprint

Our 31 facilities, on four continents, are strategically located to serve our customer base and provide local service and expertise. Our global footprint provides flexibility to locally supply identical products for global customers, reducing shipping time and expense, allowing us to match costs to revenue and to capitalize on industry localization trends. In total, we operate more than 2.1 million square feet of manufacturing space. North America constitutes the largest portion of our manufacturing operations with facilities in the U.S. and Mexico. The North American facilities are strategically located to serve major customers in the United States and Mexico. Our foreign facilities are located in regional manufacturing hubs in France, Poland, China, and Brazil, and primarily serve global customers in those local markets. The Asian and South American facilities, we believe, have significant growth potential as local customer bases expand and the markets for high-precision products grow in those regions.

Synergies

We continue to realize synergy effects between Mobile Solutions and Power Solutions by pairing our experienced engineering resources and wide-ranging portfolio of process technologies from each business to serve our customers’ ever evolving needs. Recent solutions developed in the electrical, electric vehicle, aerospace, defense, and general industrial markets leveraged the deep experience and expertise from each business to respond to tight, stringent requirements - all of which in a custom and innovative manner to meet each customer’s unique demand requirements. In addition, we continue to experience customer demand that utilizes multiple facilities from both business, on a global basis, due to our track record of quality and strong performance.

6

Table of Contents

Proven and experienced management team

Our management team has significant experience in precision manufacturing and the diversified industrial sector. Warren Veltman has served as our President and Chief Executive Officer since September 2019 after serving as Executive Vice President of Mobile Solutions for two years. Mr. Veltman has over 30 years of experience in financial and operational leadership roles at NN and Autocam, which the Company acquired in 2014. Michael Felcher joined us in 2018 and was named Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer in July 2021. Mr. Felcher has extensive experience in finance leadership roles at JELD-WEN, Inc. and Goodrich Corporation. John Buchan was named Executive Vice President of Mobile Solutions in September 2019 and Executive Vice President of Mobile Solutions and Power Solutions in November 2019. Mr. Buchan joined us in 2014 as part of the Autocam acquisition, a business at which he had 18 years of experience in operations. We believe that our current management team has the necessary talent and experience to profitably operate and grow the business.

Customers

Our products are supplied primarily to manufacturers for use in a broad range of industrial applications, including automotive; electrical; agricultural; construction; residential devices and equipment; aerospace and defense; medical; heating, ventilation, and air conditioning; and fluid power and diesel engines. Sales to each of our top ten customers are made to multiple customer locations and divisions throughout the world. In 2021, our top ten customers accounted for approximately 43% of our net sales. In 2021, 70% of our products were sold to customers in North America, 7% to customers in Europe, 16% to customers in Asia, and 7% to customers in South America.

We sell our products to most of our largest customers under either sales contracts or agreed upon commercial terms. In general, we pass through material cost fluctuations when incurred to our customers in the form of changes in selling prices. We ordinarily ship our products directly to customers within 60 days, and in many cases, during the same calendar month of the date on which a sales order is placed.

Sales and Marketing

A primary emphasis of our marketing strategy is to expand key customer relationships by offering high quality, high-precision, application-specific customer solutions with the value of a single supply chain partner for a wide variety of products and components. Due to the technical nature of many of our products, our engineers and manufacturing management personnel also provide technical sales support functions, while internal sales employees handle customer orders and other general sales support activities. Our marketing strategy is to offer custom manufactured, high quality, precision products to markets with high value-added characteristics at competitive price levels. This strategy focuses on relationships with key customers that require the production of technically difficult parts and assemblies, enabling us to take advantage of our strengths in custom product development, equipment and tool design, component assembly, and machining processes.

Human Capital Management

Core Principles

Our success depends in part on our ability to successfully manage our human capital resources, including attracting, identifying, and retaining key talent. Factors that may affect our ability to attract and retain qualified employees include employee morale, our reputation, competition from other employers, and availability of qualified individuals in the communities in which we operate.

Headcount

As of December 31, 2021, we employed a total of 3,172 full and part-time employees and 247 temporary workers, which includes approximately 1,431 employees in the U.S. and approximately 1,988 employees in other countries employed by our international subsidiaries. Of our total employment, approximately 16% are management/staff employees and 84% are production employees. Our employees in the France, Brazil, and Brainin de Mexico plants are subject to labor council relationships that vary due to the diverse countries in which we operate. We believe we have a good working relationship with our employees and the unions that represent them.

Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion

Diversity, equity, and inclusion are at the core of our values and strategic business priorities. Throughout our business, we champion equality, supporting parity for women and under-represented groups as we work to create ethical, safe, and supportive workplaces where our employees thrive. We believe a diverse and inclusive workplace results in business growth and encourages increased innovation, retention of talent, and a more engaged workforce. Respect for human rights is fundamental to our business and our commitment to ethical business conduct.

7

Table of Contents

Compensation, Benefits, and Employee Health and Safety

Our compensation programs are based on a strong alignment between pay and performance, and are designed to reward both financial and operational successes and support actions that drive stockholder value creation at all organizational levels. We use a combination of programs (which vary by geography and level) to attract and retain our employees, including annual performance bonuses, quarterly gainsharing bonuses, and equity awards.

We also provide our employees and their families access to a range of benefits, including health insurance benefits, employer-paid life and disability insurance, health savings and flexible spending accounts, 401(k) match, vacation and paid time off, wellness offerings, education assistance, and an employee assistance program.

The health and safety of our employees and anyone who conducts business on our behalf is very important to us. Our commitment to safety starts at the top levels of our organization. We believe a safe and secure workplace is fundamental to our success. We are also committed to engaging our employees to continually improve health and safety by acting upon opportunities to reduce risk and improve our safety and health performance, and offer training programs on a regular basis. We maintain comprehensive safety programs focused on identifying hazards and eliminating risks that can lead to work-place injuries.

In addition to the strong safety focus we maintain within our operations, our emphasis during the COVID-19 pandemic has been on protecting the health and safety of our employees and the communities in which we operate. Our team monitors country, state, and local guidance, and uses these to implement best practice guidelines for employees and visitors. Throughout the pandemic, NN has increased communications, including the addition of virtual “town hall” style meetings at the group and organizational level. This has helped employees across our global footprint stay connected, whether working from home or at one of our manufacturing sites.

Talent Development

We invest resources in professional development to improve employee motivation, performance and engagement. Our annual talent management program helps identify needs at multiple levels, enabling us to provide employees with the resources they need to help achieve their career goals, build skills and lead their organizations. Further, annual goal-setting and development opportunities for employees and leaders helps our people align their professional experience with the Company’s business objectives and encourages them to take ownership of their development and career paths.

NN uses regular talent management and performance evaluation processes to inform the Company’s internal development processes and to calibrate assessment of individual performance organizationally. These activities form the basis for succession planning activities, up to and including the senior leadership level.

NN also has apprenticeships, internships, and cooperative education programs in place at certain locations, which we intend to expand more broadly across the company. These programs allow us to provide a combination of education and employment options that deliver depth and context and help them build a long-term career path.

Competition

Mobile Solutions

In the market in which Mobile Solutions operates, internal production of components by our customers can impact our business as the customers weigh the risk of outsourcing strategically critical components or producing in-house. Our primary competitors are: Anton Häring KG; A. Berger Holding GmbH & Co. KG; Brovedani Group, Burgmaier Technologies GmbH & Co. KG; CIE Automotive, S.A.; IMS Companies; and MacLean-Fogg Component Solutions. We believe that we generally win new business on the basis of our technical competence, proven track record of successful product development and global platform, as well as on quality, price, and service.

Power Solutions

Power Solutions operates in intensely competitive but very fragmented supply chains. We must compete with numerous companies in each industry market segment. Our primary competitors are: Checon Corporation; Deringer-Ney, Inc.; Electrical Contacts, Ltd.; Interplex Industries, Inc.; J&J Machining, LLC; Norstan, Inc.; Owens Industries, Inc.; and Precinmac Precision Machining. We believe that competition within the electrical and aerospace and defense end markets is based principally on quality, price, design capabilities, and speed of responsiveness and delivery. We believe that our competitive strengths are product development, tool design, fabrication, tight tolerance processes, and customer solutions. With these strengths, we have built our reputation in the marketplace as a quality producer of technically difficult products.

8

Table of Contents

Raw Materials

Mobile Solutions

Mobile Solutions produces products from a wide variety of metals in various forms from various sources located in the North America, Europe, South America, and Asia. Basic types include hot rolled steel, cold rolled steel (both carbon and alloy), stainless, extruded aluminum, die cast aluminum, gray and ductile iron castings, hot and cold forgings, and mechanical tubing. Some material is purchased directly under contracts, some is consigned by the customer, and some is purchased directly from the steel mills.

Power Solutions

Power Solutions uses a wide variety of metals in various forms, including precious metals like gold, silver, palladium, and platinum, as well as plastics. Through our diverse network of suppliers, we minimize supplier concentration risk and provide a stable supply of raw materials at competitive pricing. This group also procures resins and metal stampings from several domestic and foreign suppliers. Power Solutions bases purchase decisions on quality, service and price. Generally, we do not enter into written supply contracts with our suppliers or commit to maintain minimum monthly purchases of materials. However, we carefully manage raw material price volatility, particularly with respect to precious metals, through the use of consignment agreements. In effect, we contract the precious metals for our own stock and buy the raw materials on the same day customer shipments are priced, thereby eliminating speculation.

Cost Pressures

In each of our segments, we have historically been affected by upward price pressure on steel principally due to general increases in global demand. In general, we pass through material cost fluctuations to our customers in the form of changes in selling price. Most of the raw materials we use are purchased from various suppliers and are typically available from numerous sources, some of which are located in China and Europe. The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has impacted our suppliers, and we continue to monitor the effect of these impacts on our supply chain in order to maintain regular and timely supply of raw materials to our business segments.

Patents, Trademarks and Licenses

We have several U.S. patents, patent applications and trademarks for various trade names. However, we cannot be certain that we would be able to protect and enforce our intellectual property rights against third parties, and if we cannot do so, we may face increased competition and diminished net sales.

Furthermore, third parties may assert infringement claims against us based on their patents or other intellectual property, and we may have to pay substantial damages and/or redesign our products if we are ultimately found to infringe. Even if such intellectual property claims against us are without merit, investigating and defending these types of lawsuits takes significant time, may be expensive and may divert management attention from other business concerns.

Additionally, we rely on certain data and processes, including trade secrets and know-how, and the success of our business depends, to some extent, on such information remaining confidential. Each officer is subject to a non-competition and confidentiality agreement that seeks to protect this information. Additionally, all employees are subject to company code of ethics policies that prohibit the disclosure of information critical to the operations of our business.

Seasonal Nature of Business

General economic conditions impact our business and financial results, and certain businesses experience seasonal and other trends related to the industries and end markets that they serve. For example, European sales are often weaker in the summer months as customers slow production, automotive sales tend to slow in July and December, and sales to original equipment manufacturers are often stronger immediately preceding and following the launch of new products. However, as a whole, we are not materially impacted by seasonality.

Government Regulations and Environmental Matters

Our operations and products are subject to extensive federal, state, local, and foreign regulatory requirements, including those intended to protect public health and the environment. In the U.S. many of our products and operations are regulated by the FDA and the Environmental Protection Agency. Similar regulations have been adopted by authorities in foreign countries where we sell our products, and by state and local authorities in the U.S. In order to conduct our operations in compliance with these laws and regulations we must obtain and maintain numerous permits, approvals and certificates from various federal, state, local, and foreign governmental authorities.

9

Table of Contents

With respect to medical and products that we may specifically develop to sell to our customers, before these devices can be marketed, we will seek to obtain a marketing clearance from the FDA under Section 510(k) of the United States Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act. The FDA typically grants a 510(k) clearance if the applicant can establish that the device is substantially equivalent to a predicate device. Clearance under Section 510(k) typically takes about four months from the date of submission.

We are also required to comply with increasingly complex and changing laws and regulations enacted to protect business and personal data in the U.S. and other jurisdictions regarding privacy, data protection, and data security, including those related to the collection, storage, use, transmission, and protection of personal information and other customer, supplier or employee data. Such privacy and data protection laws and regulations, and the interpretation and enforcement of such laws and regulations, are continuously developing and evolving and there is significant uncertainty with respect to how compliance with these laws and regulations may evolve and the costs and complexity of future compliance.

Based on information compiled to date, management believes that our current operations are in substantial compliance with applicable governmental laws and regulations, the violation of which could have a material adverse effect on our business and financial condition. As of the date hereof, compliance with these laws and regulations has not had a material effect on our capital expenditures, results of operations, and competitive position. For additional information, see “Item 1A - Risk Factors.”

The potential impact of climate change on our operations is unclear. Climate change could result in an increase in severe weather events, such as hurricanes, tropical storms, blizzards and ice storms, which often results in delays or other negative consequences for our manufacturing operations, which could negatively impact our financial results. We have not identified any, and we do not believe there to be in the near term, material impacts on our business, financial condition or results of operations as a result of compliance with legislation or regulatory rules regarding climate change or from the known physical effects of climate change. Increased regulation and other climate change concerns, however, could subject us to additional costs and restrictions and could negatively affect our business, operations and financial results.

Information about our Executive Officers

Our executive officers are:

Name Age Position

Warren A. Veltman 60 President and Chief Executive Officer

Michael C. Felcher 49 Senior Vice President – Chief Financial Officer

Matthew S. Heiter 61 Senior Vice President and General Counsel

D. Gail Nixon 51 Senior Vice President and Chief Human Resources Officer

J. Andrew Wall 43 Senior Vice President and Chief Commercial Officer

Warren A. Veltman was appointed President and Chief Executive Officer in September 2019 having previously served as Executive Vice President of Mobile Solutions since January 2018. Mr. Veltman joined NN as part of the Autocam acquisition in 2014 as the Senior Vice President and General Manager of our former Autocam Precision Components Group. Prior to the acquisition, Mr. Veltman served as Chief Financial Officer of Autocam Corporation from 1990 and Secretary and Treasurer since 1991. Prior to Mr. Veltman’s service at Autocam, Mr. Veltman was an Audit Manager with Deloitte & Touche LLP.

Michael C. Felcher was appointed Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer in July 2021 having previously served as Vice President, Chief Accounting Officer since June 2018. Prior to joining the Company, Mr. Felcher served as the Vice President, North America Chief Financial Officer for JELD-WEN, Inc., a publicly held, global manufacturer of doors and windows, from 2013 to 2017. Before assuming his role at JELD-WEN, Inc., Mr. Felcher served as a Director of Finance for United Technologies Corp. following its acquisition of Goodrich Corporation in 2012. Previously, Mr. Felcher served in a variety of finance roles at Goodrich. Mr. Felcher began his career at PricewaterhouseCoopers in Boston and is a licensed CPA.

John R. Buchan was appointed Executive Vice President of Mobile Solutions in September 2019 and Executive Vice President of Mobile Solutions and Power Solutions in November 2019 having previously served as Vice President of Operations of Mobile Solutions. Mr. Buchan joined NN as part of the Autocam acquisition in 2014, where he served as the Chief Operations Officer. Prior to joining Autocam in 2002, Mr. Buchan held a variety of technical leadership roles at Benteler Automotive, culminating in his appointment as Executive Vice President of the Exhaust Products Group. Mr. Buchan has spent his entire career in operations roles, beginning with General Motors Central Foundry and Rochester Products Divisions.

Matthew S. Heiter joined us as Senior Vice President and General Counsel in July 2015. Prior to joining NN, Mr. Heiter was a shareholder in the law firm of Baker, Donelson, Bearman, Caldwell and Berkowitz, P.C. from May 1996 to December 1999 and from July 2002 to July 2015, where he served as chairman of the firm’s Securities and Corporate Governance Practice Group.

10

Table of Contents

From January 2000 to July 2002, Mr. Heiter served as the Executive Vice President, General Counsel, and Secretary of Internet Pictures Corporation, a publicly traded internet technology company.

D. Gail Nixon joined us in 2007 and was appointed Senior Vice President and Chief Human Resources Officer in January 2018. Ms. Nixon previously served as our Vice President of Human Resources as well as Corporate Human Resources Manager. Ms. Nixon is a member of the Society for Human Resource Management (“SHRM”) and has earned her Senior Professional in Human Resources and SHRM – Senior Certified Professional designations. From 2000 to 2007, she held various accounting and human resources positions with a multi-state healthcare organization, ultimately serving as its corporate human resources director.

J. Andrew Wall joined us in January 2022 as Senior Vice President and Chief Commercial Officer. Prior to joining NN, he served in numerous management positions for ABB, Ltd., a publicly held, global manufacturer of heavy electrical equipment and automation technology. Most recently, Mr. Wall served as Vice President, Product Marketing and Sales, Electrification U.S., where he was responsible for leading the creation and implementation of ABB's U.S. product marketing strategy. Before that, Mr. Wall served as Vice President and General Manager, Power Products Services U.S., where he was in charge of all functional aspects of the business, including marketing and sales, project management, factory manufacturing operations, field service operations, and engineering.

Available Information - Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) Filings

We make available free of charge, in the “Investor Relations” section of our website (www.nninc.com), our annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, and amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), as soon as reasonably practicable after electronically filing such material with, or furnishing it to, the SEC. The SEC maintains a website that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC at http://www.sec.gov.

Item 1A.Risk Factors

The following are risk factors that affect our business, prospects, financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows, some of which are beyond our control. These risk factors should be considered in connection with evaluating the forward-looking statements contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. If any of the events described below were to actually occur, our business, prospects, financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows could be adversely affected, and results could differ materially from expected and historical results.

Risks Related to Our Operations

The COVID-19 pandemic and mitigation efforts to control the spread of the disease have impacted, and are expected to continue to materially impact, our business and our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows could be materially adversely affected by factors directly or indirectly relating to the COVID-19 pandemic.

The COVID-19 pandemic has created significant volatility in the global economy, led to significant reduced market and economic activity, and disrupted, and may continue to disrupt, the end markets we serve. In response, various governmental bodies and private enterprises implemented numerous measures to contain the pandemic, such as travel bans and restrictions, quarantines, “shelter-in-place” orders and shutdowns. While many of the restrictions have eased across the globe, some areas have re-imposed closures and other restrictions due to increased rates of COVID-19 cases. No assurance can be given that these new closures and restrictions will not continue to occur. New and more easily transmitted variants of COVID-19, such as the Delta and Omicron variants, have emerged and spread in the U.S. and across the globe.The impact of these variants cannot be predicted at this time and could depend on numerous factors, including vaccination rates among the population, the efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines against the new variants, and the response by governmental bodies and regulators.Further surges in COVID-19 infection rates could result in the reinstatement of directives and mandates requiring businesses to again curtail or cease normal operations.

The COVID-19 pandemic and the responses by governmental bodies and regulators thereto have created a disruption in our manufacturing, product distribution, overall supply chain, and other business activities, and that of our customers, suppliers, co-manufacturers, and distributors. A significant number of our customers, suppliers, co-manufacturers, distributors, and manufacturing facilities are located in regions that have been affected by the pandemic and those operations have been, and may continue to be, materially affected by restrictive measures implemented in response to the pandemic. As a result we have experienced, and may continue to experience, delays in the production and distribution of our products and the loss of sales to our customers. Any delay or shortage in the supply of raw materials or delay in the manufacturing or distribution of our products may result in our inability to satisfy customer demand in a timely manner or at all, which could result in the loss of a portion of or all of the customer’s business and damage our reputation. Additionally, if the global economic effects caused by

11

Table of Contents

the COVID-19 pandemic continue or increase, overall customer demand may continue to decrease, which could have a material and adverse effect on our business, results of operations, and financial condition.

Further, the COVID-19 pandemic could adversely impact our ability, and the ability of our suppliers, co-manufacturers, distributors, and customers, to retain key employees and ensure the continued service and availability of skilled personnel necessary to run our, and their, operations. To the extent our management or other personnel, or the management or other personnel of our suppliers, co-manufacturers, distributors, and customers, are impacted in significant numbers by the pandemic and are not available to perform their job duties, we could experience delays in, or the suspension of, our manufacturing operations, distribution of our products, and other important corporate functions.

The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and the current volatility in the global economy, reduced market and economic activity, and disruptions in the end markets we serve present material risks and uncertainties for us.The extent of the impact that the COVID-19 pandemic will have on our business, results of operations, and financial condition will depend largely on future developments relating to the duration and scope of the COVID-19 pandemic, including the continued emergence, persistence, severity and transmissibility of variants of the virus, the efficacy of vaccines, the pace at which governmental restrictions are eased or lifted, and the implementation of new or additional mitigation efforts by governmental authorities to control the spread of the disease, such as “stay-at-home” orders, business closures, and vaccine mandates. To the extent the COVID-19 pandemic adversely affects our business, financial condition, results of operation, and cash flows, it may also have the effect of heightening other risks disclosed below. In addition, if in the future there is an outbreak of another highly infectious or contagious disease or similar public health crisis, we would be subject to similar risks as posed by the COVID-19 pandemic.

We depend heavily on a relatively limited number of customers, and the loss of any major customer would have a material adverse effect on our business.

During 2021, sales to various U.S. and foreign divisions of our ten largest customers accounted for approximately 43% of our consolidated net sales. The loss of all or a substantial portion of sales to these customers would cause us to lose a substantial portion of our revenue and would lower our operating profit margin and cash flows from operations.

Work stoppages or similar difficulties and unanticipated business disruptions could significantly disrupt our operations, reduce our revenues and materially affect our earnings.

A work stoppage at one or more of our facilities could have a material adverse effect on our business, prospects, financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows. Also, if one or more of our customers were to experience a work stoppage, that customer would likely halt or limit purchases of our products. For example, increased demand for semiconductor chips in 2020, due in part to the COVID-19 pandemic and an increased use of laptop computers, 5G phones, gaming systems and other IT equipment that use these chips, has resulted in a severe shortage of chips in early 2021 and is ongoing. These same chips are used in automobiles in a variety of parts and information and entertainment systems. As a result, various automotive manufacturers have been forced to delay or stall new vehicle production. If efforts to address the chip shortage by the industry and the U.S government are unsuccessful, there may be further delays in new vehicle production, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, prospects, financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows.

We have a complex network of suppliers, owned and leased manufacturing locations, co-manufacturing locations, distribution networks, and information systems that support our ability to consistently provide our products to our customers. Factors that are hard to predict or beyond our control, such as weather, raw material shortages, natural disasters, fires or explosions, political unrest, terrorism, generalized labor unrest, or health pandemics, such as COVID-19, could damage or disrupt our operations or our customers’, suppliers’, co-manufacturers’ or distributors’ operations. These disruptions may require additional resources to restore our supply chain or distribution network. If we cannot respond to disruptions in our operations, whether by finding alternative suppliers or replacing capacity at key manufacturing or distribution locations, or if we are unable to quickly repair damage to our information, production, or supply systems, we may be late in delivering, or be unable to deliver, products to our customers and may also be unable to track orders, inventory, receivables, and payables. If that occurs, our customers’ confidence in us and long-term demand for our products could decline. Any of these events could materially and adversely affect our product sales, financial condition, and operating results.

We operate in and sell products to customers outside the U.S. and are subject to several risks related to doing business internationally.

We obtain a majority of our raw materials from overseas suppliers, actively participate in overseas manufacturing operations and sell to a large number of international customers. During the year ended December 31, 2021, sales to customers located outside of the U.S. accounted for approximately 39% of our consolidated net sales. As a result of doing business internationally, we face risks associated with the following:

•changes in tariff regulations, which may make our products more costly to export or import;

12

Table of Contents

•changes in monetary and fiscal policies, laws and regulations, and other activities of governments, agencies and similar organizations;

•recessions or marked declines specific to a particular country or region;

•the potential imposition of trade restrictions or prohibitions;

•the potential imposition of import tariffs or other duties or taxes;

•difficulties establishing and maintaining relationships with local original equipment manufacturers, distributors and dealers;

•difficulty in staffing and managing geographically diverse operations; and

•unstable governments or legal systems in countries in which our suppliers, manufacturing operations, and customers are located.

These and other risks may also increase the relative price of our products compared to those manufactured in other countries, thereby reducing the demand for our products in the markets in which we operate, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, prospects, financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows.

In addition, we could be adversely affected by violations of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (the “FCPA”) and similar worldwide anti-bribery laws, as well as export controls and economic sanction laws. The FCPA and similar anti-bribery laws in other jurisdictions generally prohibit companies and their intermediaries from making improper payments to non-U.S. officials for the purpose of obtaining or retaining business. Our policies mandate compliance with these laws. We operate in many parts of the world that have experienced governmental corruption to some degree and, in certain circumstances, strict compliance with anti-bribery laws may conflict with local customs and practices. We cannot assure you that our internal controls and procedures will always protect us from the improper acts committed by our employees or agents. If we are found to be liable for FCPA, export control or sanction violations, we could suffer from criminal or civil penalties or other sanctions, including loss of export privileges or authorization needed to conduct aspects of our international business, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, prospects, financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows.

The prices we pay for raw materials used in our products may be impacted by tariffs. The tariffs initiated by the U.S. government in 2018 under Section 232 of the Trade Expansion Act of 1962 resulted in increased metals prices in the United States. We cannot predict whether, and to what extent, there may be changes to international trade agreements or whether quotas, duties, tariffs, exchange controls or other restrictions on our products will be changed or imposed. In addition, an open conflict or war across any region could affect our ability to obtain raw materials. The current military conflict between Russia and Ukraine, and related sanctions, export controls or other actions that may be initiated by nations could adversely affect our business and our supply chain or our business partners or customers in other countries. Although we currently do not source raw materials directly from Russia or Ukraine, if we are unable to source our products from the countries where we wish to purchase them, either because of the occurrence or threat of wars or other conflicts, regulatory changes or for any other reason, or if the cost of doing so increases, it could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Disruptions in the supply of raw materials and components could temporarily impair our ability to manufacture our products for our customers or require us to pay higher prices to obtain these raw materials or components from other sources, which could have a material adverse effect on our business and our results of operations.

Failure of our products could result in a product recall.

The majority of our products are components of our customers’ products that are used in critical industrial applications. A failure of our components could lead to a product recall. If a recall were to happen as a result of our components failing, we could bear a substantial part of the cost of correction. In addition to the cost of fixing the parts affected by the component, a recall could result in the loss of a portion of or all of the customer’s business and damage our reputation. A successful product recall claim requiring that we bear a substantial part of the cost of correction or the loss of a key customer could have a material adverse effect on our business, prospects, financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows.

Our markets are highly competitive, and many of our competitors have significant advantages that could adversely affect our business.

We face substantial competition in the sale of components, system subassemblies, and finished devices in the vertical end markets into which we sell our products. Our competitors are continuously exploring and implementing improvements in technology and manufacturing processes in order to improve product quality, and our ability to remain competitive will depend, among other things, on whether we are able to keep pace with such quality improvements in a cost-effective manner. Due to this competitiveness, we may not be able to increase prices for our products to cover cost increases. In many cases we face pressure from our customers to reduce prices, which could adversely affect our business, prospects, financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows. In addition, our customers may choose to purchase products from one of our competitors rather

13

Table of Contents

than pay the prices we seek for our products, which could adversely affect our business, prospects, financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows.

Any loss of key personnel and the inability to attract and retain qualified employees could have a material adverse impact on our operations.

We are dependent on the continued services of key executives and personnel. The departure of our key personnel without adequate replacement could severely disrupt our business operations. Additionally, we need qualified managers and skilled employees with technical and manufacturing industry experience to operate our businesses successfully. From time to time, there may be shortages of skilled labor, which may make it more difficult and expensive for us to attract and retain qualified employees. If we are unable to attract and retain qualified individuals or our costs to do so increase significantly, our operations would be materially adversely affected.

Any breach or security failure of our information technology systems could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations, and reputation.

We rely on proprietary and third-party information technology systems to process, transmit and store information and to manage or support our business processes. We store and maintain confidential financial and business information regarding us and persons with whom we do business on our information technology systems. We also collect and hold personally identifiable information of our employees in connection with their employment. In addition, we engage third-party service providers that may collect and hold personally identifiable information of our employees in connection with providing business services to us, including web hosting, accounting, payroll and benefit services. The protection of the information technology systems on which we rely is critically important to us. We take steps, and generally require third-party service providers to take steps, to protect the security of the information maintained in our and our service providers’ information technology systems, including the use of systems, software, tools, and monitoring to provide security for processing, transmitting, and storing of the information. However, we face risks associated with breaches or security failures of the information technology systems on which we rely, which could result from, among other incidents, cyber-attacks or cyber-intrusions over the internet, malware, computer viruses, or employee error or misconduct. This risk of a data breach or security failure, particularly through cyber-attacks or cyber-intrusion, has generally increased due to the rise in new technologies and the increased sophistication and activities of the perpetrators of attempted attacks and intrusions.

The security measures put in place by us and our service providers cannot provide absolute security and there can be no assurance that we or our service providers will not suffer a data security incident in the future, that unauthorized parties will not gain access to sensitive information stored on our or our service providers’ systems, that such access will not, whether temporarily or permanently, impact, interfere with, or interrupt our operations, or that any such incident will be discovered in a timely manner. Even the most well-protected information, networks, systems, and facilities remain potentially vulnerable as the techniques used in such attempted security breaches evolve and generally are not recognized until launched against a target, and in some cases are designed to not be detected and, in fact, may not be detected.In addition, third-party information technology providers may not provide us with fixes or updates to hardware or software in a manner as to avoid an unauthorized loss or disclosure or to address a known vulnerability, which may subject us to known threats or downtime as a result of those delays.Accordingly, we and our service providers may be unable to anticipate these techniques or to implement adequate security barriers or other preventative measures. Further, we may be required to expend significant additional resources to continue to enhance information security measures and internal processes and procedures or to investigate and remediate any information security vulnerabilities.

A data security incident could compromise our or our service providers’ information technology systems, and the information stored by us or our service providers, including personally identifiable information of employees, could be accessed, misused, publicly disclosed, corrupted, lost, or stolen. Any failure to prevent a data breach or a security failure of our or our service providers’ information technology systems could interrupt our operations, result in downtime, divert our planned efforts and resources from other projects, damage our reputation and brand, damage our competitive position, subject us to liability claims or regulatory penalties, and could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, or results of operations. Similarly, if our service providers fail to use adequate security or data protection processes, or use personal data in an unpermitted or improper manner, we may be liable for certain losses and it may damage our reputation.

Physical effects of climate change or legal, regulatory or market measures intended to address climate change could materially adversely affect our business and operations.

Risks associated with climate change are subject to increasing societal, regulatory and political focus in the U.S. and globally. Shifts in weather patterns caused by climate change could increase the frequency, severity, or duration of certain adverse weather conditions and natural disasters, such as hurricanes, tornadoes, earthquakes, wildfires, droughts, extreme temperatures, or flooding, which could result in more significant business and supply chain interruptions, damage to our products and facilities as well as the infrastructure of our customers, reduced workforce availability, increased costs of raw materials and

14

Table of Contents

components, increased liabilities, and decreased revenues than what we have experienced in the past from such events. In addition, increased public concern over climate change could result in new legal or regulatory requirements designed to mitigate the effects of climate change, which could include the adoption of more stringent environmental laws and regulations or stricter enforcement of existing laws and regulations. Such developments could result in increased compliance costs and adverse impacts on raw material sourcing, manufacturing operations, and the distribution of our products, which could adversely affect our business and operations.

Risks Related to Legal and Regulatory Compliance

Environmental, health and safety laws and regulations impose substantial costs and limitations on our operations, environmental compliance may be more costly than we expect, and any adverse regulatory action may materially adversely affect our business.

We are subject to extensive federal, state, local, and foreign environmental, health, and safety laws and regulations concerning matters such as air emissions, wastewater discharges, solid and hazardous waste handling, and disposal and the investigation and remediation of contamination. The risks of substantial costs, liabilities, and limitations on our operations related to compliance with these laws and regulations are an inherent part of our business, and future conditions may develop, arise or be discovered that create substantial environmental compliance or remediation liabilities and costs.

Our business activities are subject to various laws and regulations relating to pollution control and protection of the environment. These laws and regulations govern, among other things, discharges to air or water, the generation, storage, handling, and use of automotive hazardous materials, and the handling and disposal of hazardous waste generated at our facilities. Under such laws and regulations, we are required to obtain permits from governmental authorities for some of our operations. If we violate or fail to comply with these laws, regulations, or permits, we could be fined or otherwise sanctioned by regulators. Under some environmental laws and regulations, we could also be held responsible for all the costs relating to any contamination at our past or present facilities and at third-party waste disposal sites. We maintain a compliance program to assist in preventing and, if necessary, correcting environmental problems.

Compliance with environmental, health, and safety legislation and regulatory requirements may prove to be more limiting and costly than we anticipate. To date, we have committed significant expenditures in our efforts to achieve and maintain compliance with these requirements at our facilities, and we expect that we will continue to make significant expenditures related to such compliance in the future. From time to time, we may be subject to legal proceedings brought by private parties or governmental authorities with respect to environmental matters, including matters involving alleged noncompliance with or liability under environmental, health and safety laws, property damage or personal injury. New laws and regulations, including those which may relate to emissions of greenhouse gases, stricter enforcement of existing laws and regulations, the discovery of previously unknown contamination or the imposition of new clean-up requirements could require us to incur costs or become the basis for new or increased liabilities that could have a material adverse effect on our business, prospects, financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows.

Our medical devices are subject to regulation by numerous government agencies, including the FDA and comparable agencies outside the U.S. To varying degrees, each of these agencies requires us to comply with laws and regulations governing the development, testing, manufacturing, labeling, marketing and distribution of our medical devices. We cannot guarantee that we will be able to obtain marketing clearance for our new products or enhancements or modifications to existing products. If such approval is obtained, it may:

•take a significant amount of time;

•require the expenditure of substantial resources;

•involve stringent clinical and pre-clinical testing, as well as increased post-market surveillance;

•involve modifications, repairs or replacements of our products; and

•result in limitations on the proposed uses of our products.

Both before and after a product is commercially released, we have ongoing responsibilities under FDA regulations. We are also subject to periodic inspections by the FDA to determine compliance with the FDA’s requirements, including primarily the quality system regulations and medical device reporting regulations. The results of these inspections can include inspectional observations on FDA’s Form-483, warning letters, or other forms of enforcement. Since 2009, the FDA has significantly increased its oversight of companies subject to its regulations, including medical device companies, by hiring new investigators and stepping up inspections of manufacturing facilities. The FDA has also significantly increased the number of warning letters issued to companies. If the FDA were to conclude that we are not in compliance with applicable laws or regulations, or that any of our medical devices are ineffective or pose an unreasonable health risk, the FDA could ban such medical devices, detain or seize adulterated or misbranded medical devices, order a recall, repair, replacement or refund of such devices, refuse to grant pending pre-market approval applications or require certificates of foreign governments for exports, and/or require us to notify

15

Table of Contents

health professionals and others that the devices present unreasonable risks of substantial harm to the public health. The FDA may also impose operating restrictions on a company-wide basis, enjoin and/or restrain certain conduct resulting in violations of applicable law pertaining to medical devices, and assess civil or criminal penalties against our officers, employees, or us. The FDA may also recommend prosecution to the Department of Justice. Any adverse regulatory action, depending on its magnitude, may restrict us from effectively marketing and selling our products.

Foreign governmental regulations have become increasingly stringent and more common, and we may become subject to more rigorous regulation by foreign governmental authorities in the future. Penalties for a company’s non-compliance with foreign governmental regulation could be severe, including revocation or suspension of a company’s business license and criminal sanctions. Any domestic or foreign governmental law or regulation imposed in the future may have a material adverse effect on us.

Risks Related to Our Capitalization

Our indebtedness could adversely affect our business, prospects, financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows.

As of December 31, 2021, we had approximately $159.8 million of indebtedness outstanding and $36.0 million available for future borrowings under the ABL Facility. Our debt obligations could have important consequences, including:

•increasing our vulnerability to adverse economic, industry, or competitive developments;

•requiring a substantial portion of our cash flows from operations to be dedicated to the payment of principal and interest on our indebtedness, therefore reducing our ability to use our cash flows to fund operations, capital expenditures, and future business opportunities;

•exposing us to the risk of increased interest rates, which could cause our debt service obligations to increase significantly;

•making it more difficult for us to satisfy our obligations with respect to our indebtedness, and any failure to comply with the obligations of any of our debt instruments, including restrictive covenants and borrowing conditions, could result in an event of default under our debt agreements;

•restricting us from making strategic acquisitions or causing us to make non-strategic divestitures;

•limiting our ability to obtain additional financing for working capital, capital expenditures, product and service development, debt service requirements, acquisitions, and general corporate or other purposes; and

•limiting our flexibility in planning for, or reacting to, changes in our business or market conditions and placing us at a competitive disadvantage compared to our competitors who are less highly leveraged and who, therefore, may be able to take advantage of opportunities that our leverage may prevent us from exploiting.

If any one of these events were to occur, our business, prospects, financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows could be materially and adversely affected. For more information regarding our indebtedness, please see “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Liquidity and Capital Resources.”

Despite our indebtedness level, we may still be able to incur substantial additional amounts of debt, which could further exacerbate the risks associated with our substantial indebtedness.

We and our subsidiaries may be able to incur substantial additional indebtedness in the future. Although our debt agreements contain restrictions on the incurrence of additional indebtedness, these restrictions are subject to a number of significant qualifications and exceptions, and under certain circumstances, the amount of indebtedness that could be incurred in compliance with these restrictions could be substantial. If new debt is added to our and our subsidiaries’ debt levels, the related risks that we now face could increase.

Our debt agreements contain restrictions that will limit our flexibility in operating our business.

Our debt agreements contain various incurrence covenants that limit our ability to engage in specified types of transactions. These incurrence covenants will limit our ability to, among other things:

•incur additional indebtedness or issue certain preferred equity;

•pay dividends on, repurchase, or make distributions in respect of our capital stock, prepay, redeem, or repurchase certain debt or make other restricted payments;

•make certain investments and acquisitions;

•create certain liens;

•enter into agreements restricting our subsidiaries’ ability to pay dividends to us;

•consolidate, merge, sell, or otherwise dispose of all or substantially all of our assets;

16

Table of Contents

•alter our existing businesses; and

•enter into certain transactions with our affiliates.

In addition, the covenants in our debt agreements require us to meet specified financial ratios and satisfy other financial condition tests. Our ability to meet those financial ratios and tests will depend on our ongoing financial and operating performance, which, in turn, will be subject to economic conditions and to financial, market, and competitive factors, many of which are beyond our control. A breach of any of these covenants could result in a default under one or more of our debt agreements and permit our lenders to cease making loans to us under our credit facility (as defined below) or to accelerate the maturity date of the indebtedness incurred thereunder. Furthermore, if we were unable to repay the amounts due and payable under our secured debt agreements, our secured lenders could proceed against the collateral granted to them to secure our borrowings. Such actions by the lenders could also cause cross defaults under our other debt agreements.

We may not be able to generate sufficient cash to service all of our indebtedness, and we may not be able to refinance our debt obligations as they mature.

Our ability to make scheduled payments on or to refinance our debt obligations depends on our financial condition and operating performance, which is subject to prevailing economic and competitive conditions and to certain financial, business and other factors beyond our control. We may not be able to maintain a level of cash flows from operating activities sufficient to permit us to pay the principal, premium, if any, and interest on our indebtedness.

We regularly review our capital structure, various financing alternatives and conditions in the debt and equity markets in order to opportunistically enhance our capital structure. In connection therewith, we may seek to refinance or retire existing indebtedness, incur new or additional indebtedness or issue equity or equity-linked securities, in each case, depending on market and other conditions. As our debt obligations mature or if our cash flows and capital resources are insufficient to fund our debt service obligations, we may be forced to reduce or delay investments and capital expenditures, or to sell assets, seek additional capital, or restructure or refinance our indebtedness. Our ability to restructure or refinance our debt will depend on the condition of the capital markets and our financial condition at such time. Any refinancing of our debt could be at higher interest rates and may require us to comply with more onerous covenants, which could further restrict our business operations. The terms of our existing or future debt instruments may restrict us from adopting some of these alternatives. In addition, any failure to make payments of interest and principal on our outstanding indebtedness on a timely basis would likely result in a reduction of our credit rating, which could harm our ability to incur additional indebtedness. These alternative measures may not be successful and may not permit us to meet our scheduled debt service obligations.

We have international operations that are subject to foreign economic uncertainties and foreign currency fluctuation.

Approximately 39% of our revenues are denominated in foreign currencies, which may result in additional risk of fluctuating currency values and exchange rates and controls on currency exchange. Changes in the value of foreign currencies could increase our U.S. dollar costs for, or reduce our U.S. dollar revenues from, our foreign operations. Any increased costs or reduced revenues as a result of foreign currency fluctuations could affect our profits. In 2021, the U.S. dollar weakened against foreign currencies which favorably affected our revenue by $2.2 million. In contrast, a strengthening of the U.S. dollar may unfavorably affect our business, prospects, financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows.

The price of our common stock may be volatile.

The market price of our common stock could be subject to significant fluctuations and may decline. Among the factors that could affect our stock price are:

•macro or micro-economic factors;

•our operating and financial performance and prospects;

•quarterly variations in the rate of growth of our financial indicators, such as earnings per share, net income and revenues;

•changes in revenue or earnings estimates or publication of research reports by analysts;

•loss of any member of our senior management team;

•speculation in the press or investment community;

•strategic actions by us or our competitors, such as acquisitions or restructuring;

•sales of our common stock by stockholders;

•general market conditions;

•domestic and international economic, legal, and regulatory factors unrelated to our performance;

•loss of a major customer; and

17

Table of Contents

•the declaration and payment of a dividend.

The stock markets in general have experienced extreme volatility that has often been unrelated to the operating performance of particular companies. These broad market fluctuations may adversely affect the trading price of our common stock. In addition, due to the market capitalization of our stock, our stock tends to be more volatile than large capitalization stocks that comprise the Dow Jones Industrial Average or Standard and Poor’s 500 Index.

Provisions in our charter documents and Delaware law may inhibit a takeover, which could adversely affect the value of our common stock.

Our certificate of incorporation and bylaws, as well as Delaware corporate law, contain provisions that could delay or prevent a change of control or changes in our management that a stockholder might consider favorable and may prevent shareholders from receiving a takeover premium for their shares. These provisions include, for example, a classified board of directors and the authorization of our board of directors to issue up to five million preferred shares without a stockholder vote. In addition, our certificate of incorporation provides that stockholders may not call a special meeting.

We are a Delaware corporation subject to the provisions of Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law, an anti-takeover law. Generally, this statute prohibits a publicly-held Delaware corporation from engaging in a business combination with an interested stockholder for a period of three years after the date of the transaction in which such person became an interested stockholder, unless the business combination is approved in a prescribed manner. A business combination includes a merger, asset sale or other transaction resulting in a financial benefit to the stockholder. We anticipate that the provisions of Section 203 may encourage parties interested in acquiring us to negotiate in advance with our board of directors, because the stockholder approval requirement would be avoided if a majority of the directors then in office approve either the business combination or the transaction that results in the stockholder becoming an interested stockholder.

These provisions apply even if the offer may be considered beneficial by some of our stockholders. If a change of control or change in management is delayed or prevented, the market price of our common stock could decline.

Risks Related to Acquisitions and Divestitures

Acquisitions may constitute an important part of our future growth strategy.

Acquiring businesses that complement or expand our operations has been and may continue to be a key element of our business strategy. We regularly evaluate acquisition transactions, sign non-disclosure agreements, and participate in processes with respect to acquisitions, some of which may be material to us. We cannot assure you that we will be successful in identifying attractive acquisition candidates or completing acquisitions on favorable terms in the future. In addition, we may borrow funds or issue equity to acquire other businesses, increasing our interest expense and debt levels or diluting our existing stockholders’ ownership interest in us. Our inability to acquire businesses, or to operate them profitably once acquired, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows. Our borrowing agreements limit our ability to complete acquisitions without prior approval of our lenders. We have had difficulty with purchase accounting and other aspects related to the accounting for our acquisitions, which resulted in material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting. Although we have remediated these material weaknesses, there can be no assurances we will not face similar issues with respect to any future acquisitions.

We may not realize all of the anticipated benefits from completed acquisitions or any future strategic portfolio acquisition, or those benefits may take longer to realize than expected.

We either may not realize all of the anticipated benefits from completed acquisitions or any future strategic portfolio acquisition, or it may take longer to realize such benefits. Achieving those benefits depends on the timely, efficient, and successful execution of a number of post-acquisition events, including integrating the acquired businesses into our existing businesses. The integration process may disrupt the businesses and, if implemented ineffectively, would preclude the realization of the full anticipated benefits. The difficulties of combining the operations of acquired companies include, among others:

•the diversion of management’s attention to integration matters;

•difficulties in the integration of operations and systems, including, without limitation, the complexities associated with managing the expanded operations of a significantly larger and more complex company, addressing possible differences in corporate cultures and management philosophies and the challenge of integrating complex systems, technology, networks, and other assets of each of the acquired companies;

•difficulties in achieving anticipated cost savings, synergies, business opportunities, and growth prospects from combining the acquired businesses with our own;

•the inability to implement effective internal controls, procedures, and policies for acquired businesses as required by the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 within the time periods prescribed thereby;

18

Table of Contents

•the exposure to potential unknown liabilities and unforeseen increased expenses or delays associated with acquired businesses;

•challenges in keeping existing customers and obtaining new customers;

•challenges in attracting and retaining key personnel; and

•the disruption of, or the loss of momentum in, ongoing operations or inconsistencies in standards, controls, procedures and policies.

Many of these factors will be outside of our control and any one of them could result in increased costs, decreases in the amount of expected revenues and diversion of management’s time and energy, which could materially impact our business, prospects, financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows.

Additionally, we incurred a significant amount of debt in connection with our acquisitions in the past few years. Finally, in relation to such acquisitions, we have significantly higher amounts of intangible assets. These intangible assets will be subject to impairment testing, and we could incur a significant impact to our financial statements in the form of an impairment if assumptions and expectations related to our acquisitions are not realized.

The indemnification provisions of acquisition agreements by which we have acquired companies may not fully protect us and may result in unexpected liabilities.

Certain of the acquisition agreements from past acquisitions require the former owners to indemnify us against certain liabilities related to the operation of each of their companies before we acquired it. In most of these agreements, however, the liability of the former owners is limited in amount and duration and certain former owners may not be able to meet their indemnification responsibilities. These indemnification provisions may not fully protect us, and as a result we may face unexpected liabilities that adversely affect our profitability and financial position.

Our participation in joint ventures could expose us to additional risks from time to time.

We currently have a 49% investment in a Chinese joint venture and may participate in additional joint ventures from time to time. Our participation in joint ventures is subject to risks that may not be present with other methods of ownership, including:

•our joint venture partners could have investment and financing goals that are not consistent with our objectives, including the timing, terms, and strategies for any investments, and what levels of debt to incur or carry;

•we could experience an impasse on certain decisions because we do not have sole decision-making authority, which could require us to expend additional resources on resolving such impasses or potential disputes, including litigation or arbitration;

•our ability to transfer our interest in a joint venture to a third party may be restricted and the market for our interest may be limited;

•our joint venture partners might become bankrupt, fail to fund their share of required capital contributions or fail to fulfill their obligations as a joint venture partner, which may require us to infuse our own capital into the venture on behalf of the partner despite other competing uses for such capital; and

•our joint venture partners may have competing interests in our markets that could create conflict of interest issues.

Any divestitures and discontinued operations could negatively impact our business and retained liabilities from businesses that we may sell could adversely affect our financial results.

As part of our portfolio management process, we review our operations for businesses which may no longer be aligned with our strategic initiatives and long-term objectives. Divestitures pose risks and challenges that could negatively impact our business, including required separation or carve-out activities and costs, disputes with buyers, or potential impairment charges. We may also dispose of a business at a price or on terms that are less than we had previously anticipated. After reaching an agreement with a buyer for the disposition of a business, we are also subject to satisfaction of pre-closing conditions, as well as necessary regulatory and governmental approvals on acceptable terms, which may prevent us from completing a transaction. Dispositions may also involve continued financial involvement, as we may be required to retain responsibility for, or agree to indemnify buyers against contingent liabilities related to businesses sold, such as lawsuits, tax liabilities, lease payments, product liability claims, or environmental matters. Under these types of arrangements, performance by the divested businesses or other conditions outside of our control could affect future financial results.

General Risk Factors

Damage to our reputation could harm our business, including our competitive position and business prospects.

Our ability to attract and retain customers, suppliers, investors, and employees is impacted by our reputation. Harm to our reputation can arise from various sources, including employee misconduct, security breaches, unethical behavior, litigation, or

19

Table of Contents

regulatory outcomes. The consequences of damage to our reputation include, among other things, increasing the number of litigation claims and the size of damages asserted or subjecting us to enforcement actions, fines, and penalties, all of which would cause us to incur significant defense related costs and expenses.

Changes in U.S. tax laws could have a material adverse effect on our business, cash flow, results of operations, and financial condition.

The U.S. tax laws and regulations, as well as the administrative interpretations of those laws and regulations, are constantly under review and may be changed at any time, possibly with retroactive effect. No assurance can be given as to whether, when, or in what form changes to the U.S. tax laws applicable to us may be enacted. Changes in U.S. tax laws, tax rulings, or interpretations of existing laws could materially affect our business, cash flow, results of operations, and financial condition.

Item 1B.Unresolved Staff Comments

None.

Item 2.Properties

As of December 31, 2021, we owned or leased 31 facilities in a total of six countries, which includes a 49% equity interest in a manufacturing joint venture in China. Utilization of these sites may vary with product mix and economic, seasonal, and other business conditions. Our plants generally have sufficient capacity for existing needs and expected near-term growth. These plants are generally well maintained, in good operating condition, and suitable and adequate for their use. The following table lists the locations of our facilities by segment.

Mobile Solutions Group

Location General Character Country Owned or Leased

Boituva, Brazil Plant Brazil Leased

Campinas, Brazil Office Brazil Leased

Dowagiac, Michigan Plant U.S.A. Owned

Juarez, Mexico Plant Mexico Leased

Kamienna Gora, Poland Plant Poland Owned

Kentwood, Michigan Plant 1 U.S.A. Leased

Kentwood, Michigan Plant 2 U.S.A. Leased

Kentwood, Michigan Plant 3, Warehouse U.S.A. Leased

Kentwood, Michigan Office U.S.A. Owned

Marnaz, France Plant France Owned

Marshall, Michigan Plant 1 U.S.A. Leased

Marshall, Michigan Plant 2 U.S.A. Leased

Sao Joao da Boa Vista, Brazil Plant 1 Brazil Leased

Sao Joao da Boa Vista, Brazil Plant 2 Brazil Leased

Wellington, Ohio Plant 1 U.S.A. Leased

Wellington, Ohio Plant 2 U.S.A. Leased

Wuxi, China Plant China Leased

20

Table of Contents

Power Solutions Group

Location General Character Country Owned or Leased

Algonquin, Illinois Plant U.S.A. Owned

Attleboro, Massachusetts Plant 1 U.S.A. Owned

Attleboro, Massachusetts Plant 2 U.S.A. Leased

Attleboro, Massachusetts Plant 3 U.S.A. Owned

Attleboro, Massachusetts Office, Warehouse U.S.A. Owned

Foshan City, China Plant China Leased

Irvine, California Plant U.S.A. Leased

Lubbock, Texas Plant U.S.A. Owned

Mexico City, Mexico Plant Mexico Owned

North Attleboro, Massachusetts Plant U.S.A. Owned

Palmer, Massachusetts Plant U.S.A. Leased

Taunton, Massachusetts Plant U.S.A. Leased

Joint Venture

Location General Character Country Owned or Leased

Wuxi, China Plant China Leased

In addition to these manufacturing plants, we lease office space in Charlotte, North Carolina, which serves as our corporate headquarters.

Item 3.Legal Proceedings

As disclosed in Note 13 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report, we are engaged in certain legal proceedings, and the disclosure set forth in Note 13 relating to certain commitments and contingencies is incorporated herein by reference.

Item 4.Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

21

Table of Contents

PART II

Item 5.Market for the Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters, and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

Our common stock is traded on Nasdaq under the trading symbol “NNBR.” As of March 4, 2022, there were approximately 6,000 beneficial owners of record of our common stock, and the closing per share stock price as reported by Nasdaq was $2.42.

The following graph and table compare the cumulative total shareholder return on our common stock with the cumulative total shareholder return of: (i) the Russell 2000® Index, which is a broad equity market index, and (ii) the S&P SmallCap 600® Industrials Index, which is a published industry index, for the period from December 31, 2016, to December 31, 2021. Previously, we compared the return on our common stock with the S&P SmallCap 600® and a customized peer group, which consisted of the following companies: Altra Industrial Motion Corp., Ametek Inc., CIRCOR International, Inc., Colfax Corporation, Crane, Enerpac Tool Group Corp, Kaman Corporation, Park-Ohio Holdings Corp. and Worthington Industries, Inc. (collectively, the “2020 Peer Group”). During 2021, we determined that the Russell 2000® Index and the S&P SmallCap 600® Industrials Index are more applicable comparisons for our common stock due to our market capitalization and customer end markets following the sale of the Life Sciences business in 2020. Due to the change in selected comparative indices, we are presenting the comparative index and industry peer group that was used in the prior year. The following graph and table assume that a $100 investment was made at the close of trading on December 31, 2016. We cannot assure you that the performance of our common stock will continue in the future with the same or similar trend depicted on the graph.

Comparison of Five-Year Cumulative Total Return

(Performance results through December 31, 2021)

Source: Value Line Publishing LLC

22

Table of Contents

The declaration and payment of dividends are subject to the sole discretion of our Board of Directors and depend upon our profitability, financial condition, capital needs, credit agreement restrictions, future prospects, and other factors deemed relevant by the Board of Directors.

See Part III, Item 12 – “Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters” of this Annual Report for information required by Item 201 (d) of Regulation S-K.

Item 6. Reserved

Item 7.Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion should be read in conjunction with, and is qualified in its entirety by, the Consolidated Financial Statements and the Notes thereto and the Selected Financial Data included elsewhere in this Annual Report. Historical operating results and percentage relationships among any amounts included in the Consolidated Financial Statements are not necessarily indicative of trends in operating results for any future period. Unless otherwise noted herein, all amounts are in thousands, except per share numbers.

A detailed discussion of our results of operations and liquidity and capital resources for the year ended December 31, 2020 compared to the year ended December 31, 2019 are not included herein and can be found in Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020, filed with the SEC on March 15, 2021.

Overview and Management Focus

Our strategy and management focus are based upon the following long-term objectives

•Organic growth within our segments;

•Improved operating margins;

•Cost reduction;

•Efficient capital deployment;

•Debt leverage ratio improvement;

•Capital management initiatives; and

•Employee health, safety, and satisfaction;

Management generally focuses on these trends and relevant market indicators

•Trends related to the geographic migration of competitive manufacturing, electric vehicles, and electrification;

•Costs subject to the global inflationary environment, including, but not limited to:

•Raw materials;

•Wages and benefits, including health care costs;

•Regulatory compliance; and

•Energy;

•Global automotive production rates;

•Defense spending;

•Global industrial growth and economics;

•Residential and non-residential construction rates;

•Regulatory environment for United States public companies and manufacturing companies;

•Currency and exchange rate movements and trends;

•Interest rate levels and expectations; and

•Changes in tariff regulations.

23

Table of Contents

Management generally focuses on the following key indicators of operating performance

•Sales growth;

•Cost of sales;

•Gross margin;

•Selling, general and administrative expense;

•Earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization;

•Return on invested capital;

•Income from operations;

•Net income;

•Leverage ratio

•Cash flow from operations and capital spending;

•Certain non-GAAP measures as defined in our quarterly earnings releases and investor presentations;

•Customer service reliability;

•External and internal quality indicators; and

•Employee development.

Critical Accounting Estimates

Our significant accounting policies, including the assumptions and judgment underlying them, are disclosed in Note 1 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. As disclosed in Note 1, the preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions about future events that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ significantly from those estimates. We believe that the following discussion addresses our most critical accounting estimates, which are those that are most important to the portrayal of our financial condition and results of operations and require management’s most difficult, subjective, and complex judgments.

Goodwill

Goodwill was tested for impairment on an annual basis in the fourth quarter and between annual tests if a triggering event occurred. The impairment analysis was performed at the reporting unit level. As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, there was no remaining goodwill balance due to impairments recognized during the year ended December 31, 2020. An impairment charge was calculated based on a reporting unit’s carrying amount in excess of its fair value (i.e., step 1 of the two-step impairment test). If the carrying value of the reporting unit including goodwill was less than the fair value of the reporting unit, the goodwill was not considered impaired. Reporting units for the purpose of goodwill impairment testing were the same as our operating segments (Mobile Solutions and Power Solutions).

Income Taxes

Income taxes are accounted for under the asset and liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the consolidated financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases and operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. Valuation allowances are recorded to reduce deferred tax assets when it is more likely than not that a tax benefit will not be realized. Provision has been made for income taxes on unremitted earnings of certain foreign subsidiaries as these earnings are not deemed to be permanently reinvested. We recognize income tax positions that meet the more likely than not threshold and accrue interest and potential penalties related to unrecognized income tax positions which are recorded as a component of the provision (benefit) for income taxes. We eliminate disproportionate tax effects from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) when the circumstances upon which they are premised cease to exist.

The calculation of tax assets, liabilities, and expenses under U.S. GAAP is largely dependent on management judgment of the current and future deductibility and utilization of taxable expenses and benefits using a more likely than not threshold. Specifically, the realization of deferred tax assets and the certainty of tax positions taken are largely dependent upon

24

Table of Contents

management weighting the current positive and negative evidence for recording tax benefits and expenses. A significant piece of objective negative evidence evaluated is cumulative losses incurred over the three-year period ended December 31, 2021. Such objective evidence limits the ability to consider other subjective evidence, such as our projections for future earnings growth. We have recorded a U.S. deferred tax liability for foreign earnings which are not indefinitely reinvested. We treat global intangible low-taxed income (“GILTI”) as a periodic charge in the year in which it arises and therefore do not record deferred taxes for basis differences associated with GILTI.

In the event that the actual outcome from future tax consequences differs from management estimates and assumptions or management plans and positions are amended, the resulting change to the provision for income taxes could have a material impact on the consolidated results of operations and financial position. (See Note 1 and Note 10 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements).

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

Long-lived tangible and intangible assets subject to depreciation or amortization are tested for recoverability when changes in circumstances indicate the carrying value of these assets may not be recoverable. A test for recoverability is also performed when management has committed to a plan to dispose of a reporting unit or asset group. Assets to be held and used are tested for recoverability when indications of impairment are evident. Recoverability of a long-lived tangible or intangible asset is evaluated by comparing its carrying value to the future estimated undiscounted cash flows expected to be generated by the asset or asset group. If the asset is deemed not recoverable, then the asset is considered impaired and adjusted to fair value which is then depreciated or amortized over its remaining useful life. Assets to be disposed of are recorded at the lesser of carrying value or fair value less costs of disposal. In assessing potential impairment for long-lived assets, we consider forecasted financial performance based, in large part, on management business plans and projected financial information which are subject to a high degree of management judgment and complexity. Future adverse changes in market conditions or adverse operating results of the underlying assets could result in having to record additional impairment charges not previously recognized.

Fair Value Measurements

Fair value is an exit price representing the expected amount that an entity would receive to sell an asset or pay to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction with market participants at the measurement date. Fair value principles prioritize valuation inputs across three broad levels. An asset or liability’s classification within the various levels is determined based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement.

Results of Operations

Factors That May Influence Results of Operations

The following paragraphs describe factors that have influenced results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2021, that management believes are important to provide an understanding of the business and results of operations or that may influence operations in the future.

Global COVID-19 Pandemic

The COVID-19 pandemic continues to disrupt the United States and global economy, and we cannot predict when a full economic recovery will occur. New and more easily transmitted variants of COVID-19, such as the Delta and Omicron variants, have emerged and spread in the United States and across the globe. The impact of these variants cannot be predicted at this time and could depend on numerous factors, including vaccination rates among the population, the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines against the new variants, and the response by governmental bodies and regulators. Further surges in COVID-19 infection rates could result in the reinstatement of directives and mandates requiring businesses to again curtail or cease normal operations.

The spread of COVID-19 and the responses thereto have created a disruption in the manufacturing, delivery, and overall supply chain of automobile manufacturers and suppliers, as well as disruption within the power industry. Global vehicle production decreased significantly in 2020, but production ramped back up in 2021. However, production continues to be impacted by disruptions of global supply chains, which have caused challenges in obtaining raw materials we use in the manufacture of some of our products. We increased our inventories in the current year to mitigate the risk of supply chain disruption for our customers. In addition, power shortages in China have resulted in widespread blackouts, often without any or little notice. These blackouts caused us and other manufacturers in the region to shut down production until power was restored. Supply chain and COVID-19 related disruptions are expected to continue into 2022.

Inflation triggered by the unprecedented economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic has increased our manufacturing cost, particularly labor and materials, and is expected to continue into future periods. A worldwide semiconductor chip shortage is affecting automotive original equipment manufacturers, causing unpredictable volumes. The rapid development and fluidity of

25

Table of Contents

the situation precludes any prediction as to the ultimate impact COVID-19 will have on our business, financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows, which will depend largely on future developments directly or indirectly relating to the duration and scope of the COVID-19 pandemic.

While managing decreased demand in many regions across the globe, we are now operating at all of our business locations. We have implemented training and recruiting programs to address labor shortages. We are focused on the health and safety of our employees, customers, and suppliers. We have developed and implemented processes to ensure a safe environment for our employees and any visitors to our facilities, including providing personal protective equipment and establishing social distancing protocols.

These processes include recommendations based on guidelines from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the World Health Organization. The health and safety of our employees remains our top priority. While we are actively promoting vaccination among our employees, vaccination status may affect workforce availability ranging from absences for vaccinations, booster shots, and recovery from side-effects. Significant workforce availability challenges could have a material effect on our business operations, financial results, liquidity, and financial position.

We have undertaken a number of permanent and temporary actions to manage the evolving situation. We continue to streamline facilities and implement cost savings initiatives. Capital expenditures and travel costs remain at relatively low levels. We refinanced our credit facility and preferred stock in the first quarter of 2021 as discussed below.

Credit Facilities

On March 22, 2021, we entered into a new $150.0 million term loan facility (the “Term Loan Facility”) and a new $50.0 million asset backed credit facility (the “ABL Facility”). The proceeds from the Term Loan Facility were used to prepay the amounts outstanding on our previous term loans. The previous credit facility was terminated and consisted of a Senior Secured Term Loan, Incremental Term Loan, and Senior Secured Revolver. No amounts were outstanding on the Senior Secured Revolver at the time of termination.

Outstanding borrowings under the Term Loan Facility bear interest at either 1) one-month LIBOR (subject to a 1.000% floor) plus an applicable margin of 6.875% or 2) the greater of various benchmark rates plus an applicable margin of 5.875%. At December 31, 2021, the Term Loan Facility bore interest, based on one-month LIBOR, at 7.875%. The Term Loan Facility requires quarterly principal payments of $0.4 million with the remaining unpaid principal amount due on the final maturity date of September 22, 2026. The Term Loan Facility is collateralized by all of our assets. The Term Loan Facility has a first lien on all assets other than accounts receivable and inventory and has a second lien on accounts receivable and inventory. We were in compliance with all requirements under the Term Loan Facility as of December 31, 2021.

On July 22, 2021, we entered into a new fixed-rate interest rate swap agreement to change the LIBOR-based component of the interest rate on $60.0 million of our variable rate debt to a fixed rate of 1.291%. The interest rate swap, which has been designated as a cash flow hedge, has a notional amount of $60.0 million and a maturity date of July 31, 2024.

The ABL Facility provides for a senior secured revolving credit facility in the amount of $50.0 million, of which $30.0 million is available in the form of letters of credit and $5.0 million is available for the issuance of short-term swingline loans. The availability of credit under the ABL Facility is limited by a borrowing base calculation derived from accounts receivable and inventory held in the United States. Outstanding borrowings under the ABL Facility bear interest on a variable rate structure plus an interest rate spread that is based on the average amount of aggregate revolving commitment available. The variable borrowing rate is either 1) LIBOR plus an applicable margin of 1.75% or 2.00%, depending on availability, or 2) the greater of the federal funds rate or prime, plus an applicable margin of 0.75% or 1.00%, depending on availability. We may elect whether to use one-month, three-month, or six-month LIBOR, subject to a 0.50% floor. Interest payments are due monthly on borrowings that utilize one-month LIBOR and quarterly on borrowings that utilize three-month or six-month LIBOR. At December 31, 2021, using one-month LIBOR plus a 1.75% spread, the weighted average interest rate on outstanding borrowings under the ABL Facility would have been 2.25% if there had been any balance outstanding. We pay a commitment fee of 0.375% for unused capacity under the ABL Facility and a 1.875% fee on the amount of letters of credit outstanding. The final maturity date of the ABL Facility is March 22, 2026.

As of December 31, 2021, we had no outstanding borrowings under the ABL Facility, $11.2 million of outstanding letters of credit, and $36.0 million available for future borrowings under the ABL Facility. The ABL Facility has a first lien on accounts receivable and inventory. We were in compliance with all requirements under the ABL Facility as of December 31, 2021.

Preferred Stock

On March 22, 2021, we completed a private placement of 65 thousand shares of newly designated Series D Perpetual Preferred Stock, with a par value of $0.01 per share (the “Series D Preferred Stock”), at a price of $1,000 per share, together with detachable warrants (the “2021 Warrants”) to purchase up to 1.9 million shares of our common stock at an exercise price of $0.01 per share. The Series D Preferred Stock has an initial liquidation preference of $1,000 per share and is redeemable at our

26

Table of Contents

option in cash at a redemption price equal to the liquidation preference then in effect. Series D Preferred Stock shares earn cash dividends at a rate of 10.0% per year, payable quarterly in arrears, accruing whether or not earned or declared. If no cash dividend is paid, then the liquidation preference per share effective on the dividend date increases by 12.0% per year. On March 22, 2026, the cash dividend rate and in-kind dividend rate increase by 2.5% per year. Cash dividends are required beginning on September 30, 2027.

Net cash proceeds of $61.8 million from the issuance of the Series D Preferred Stock, along with part of the proceeds from the Term Loan Facility, were used to redeem all of the outstanding shares of the Company’s Series B Convertible Preferred Stock (the “Series B Preferred Stock”). The total redemption cash payment was $118.4 million.

Sales Concentration

We recognized sales from a single customer of $49.7 million, or 10% of consolidated net sales, during the year ended December 31, 2019. Revenues from this customer are in our Mobile Solutions segment and were less than 10% of consolidated net sales during the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020.

Financial Data as a Percentage of Net Sales

The following table presents the percentage of our net sales represented by statement of operations line item.

Years Ended December 31,

Selling, general, and administrative expense 10.8 % 13.6 % 14.1 %

Depreciation and amortization 9.7 % 10.7 % 9.2 %

Goodwill impairment — % 21.7 % — %

Other operating expense (income), net (0.2) % 1.1 % 0.2 %

Loss from operations (1.9) % (27.5) % (3.6) %

Interest expense 2.7 % 4.4 % 2.7 %

Derivative payments on interest rate swap 0.4 % 1.0 % — %

Loss on interest rate swap 0.4 % 2.7 % — %

Other expense (income), net (1.1) % — % 0.2 %

Benefit (provision) for income taxes 0.4 % 2.1 % (0.1) %

Share of net income from joint venture 1.3 % 0.8 % 0.3 %

Loss from continuing operations (3.0) % (32.6) % (6.3) %

Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax 0.3 % 9.1 % (3.3) %

27

Table of Contents

Year Ended December 31, 2021, compared to the Year Ended December 31, 2020

Years Ended December 31,

Foreign exchange effects 2,188

Derivative payments on interest rate swap 1,717 4,133 (2,416)

Net Sales. Net sales increased by $50.1 million, or 12%, during the year ended December 31, 2021, compared to the year ended December 31, 2020, primarily due to higher demand within all markets that were negatively impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic in the prior year and favorable foreign exchange effects of $2.2 million. In addition, sales were positively impacted by increased selling prices for precious metals allowed under customer contracts due to the sharp rise in underlying commodities costs compared with the year ended December 31, 2020.

Cost of Sales. Cost of sales increased by $46.4 million, or 14%, during the year ended December 31, 2021, compared to the year ended December 31, 2020, primarily due to variable costs associated with the above-noted sales increase. In addition, cost of sales increased due to the reintroduction of employee-related costs suspended in the prior year due to the COVID-19 pandemic, such as travel, benefits and overtime hours. Finally, cost of sales increased due to variable cost inefficiencies associated with global supply chain interruptions, uneven customer ordering patterns (particularly in the automotive market), and inflation. These increases were partially offset by more favorable overhead absorption compared to prior year due to the increase in inventory.

Selling, General, and Administrative Expense. Selling, general, and administrative expense decreased by $6.6 million during the year ended December 31, 2021, compared to the year ended December 31, 2020, primarily due to cost reduction initiatives that drove decreases in personnel costs, professional fees, and office occupancy costs.

Goodwill Impairment. We recognized goodwill impairment of $92.9 million at Power Solutions in 2020, resulting in no remaining goodwill balance.

Other Operating Expense (Income), Net. Other operating expense (income), net, changed favorably by $5.8 million primarily due to charges and costs associated with asset disposals and elimination of a portion of our lease obligation as a result of our decision to vacate a portion of our corporate headquarters building in 2020. These charges were partially offset by a gain on the sale of a building in Fairfield, Ohio, in the second quarter of 2020.

28

Table of Contents

Interest Expense. Interest expense decreased by $6.2 million during the year ended December 31, 2021, compared to the year ended December 31, 2020, primarily due to settlements on the interest rate swap that was terminated in connection with our debt refinancing in 2021. This decrease was partially offset by higher interest rates on debt in the current year.

Years Ended December 31,

Interest rate swap settlements 77 8,906

Amortization of debt issuance costs and discount 1,381 1,702

Capitalized interest (300) (204)

Loss on Extinguishment of Debt and Write-off of Debt Issuance Costs. We recognized $2.4 million for the write-off of unamortized debt issuance costs that were associated with the credit facility that was terminated in March 2021.

Derivative Payments on Interest Rate Swap. Derivative payments on interest rate swap represent cash settlements of the interest rate swap after hedge accounting was discontinued in October 2020. Prior to October 2020, interest rate swap settlements were recognized in interest expense. The previous interest rate swap was terminated in the first quarter of 2021. We entered into a new interest rate swap in the third quarter of 2021, which is designated as a cash flow hedge with the impact of settlements recognized in interest expense.

Loss on Interest Rate Swap. Loss on interest rate swap represents mark-to-market adjustments on the interest rate swap after hedge accounting was discontinued in October 2020 as well as amortization of the residual loss in accumulated other comprehensive income as monthly settlements occur. Prior to October 2020, mark-to-market adjustments on the interest rate swap were recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income. Upon termination of the previous interest rate swap in March 2021, we recognized in earnings the remaining $3.3 million loss that had been deferred in accumulated other comprehensive income.

Other Income, Net. Other income, net, changed favorably by $5.2 million during the year ended December 31, 2021, compared to the year ended December 31, 2020, due to noncash derivative mark-to-market gains and more favorable foreign exchange effects associated with intercompany borrowings, partially offset by a litigation settlement reached during the second quarter of 2021.

Benefit for Income Taxes. Our effective tax rate was 7.8% for the year ended December 31, 2021, compared to 5.9% for the year ended December 31, 2020. The difference in rates is primarily due to the limitation on the amount of tax benefit recorded for loss carryforwards in 2021 and the impact of the impairment of nondeductible goodwill in 2020. Note 10 in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements describes the effective income tax rate for each period presented.

Share of Net Income from Joint Venture. Share of net income from the JV increased during the year ended December 31, 2021, compared to the year ended December 31, 2020, primarily due to recovery from the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on prior year sales. The JV, in which we own a 49% investment, recognized net sales of $94.8 million and $68.2 million for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Additionally, profits improved from expanding variable margins as a result of successful process improvement initiatives, improved product mix, and fixed cost reduction actions.

Income from Discontinued Operations, Net of Tax. The largest component of income from discontinued operations, net of tax, during the year ended December 31, 2020, was the $214.9 million gain on sale of our Life Sciences business. Note 2 in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements provides details of the results of discontinued operations. We recognized a gain of $1.2 million during the year ended December 31, 2021, due to the favorable resolution of a tax indemnity.

29

Table of Contents

Results by Segment

MOBILE SOLUTIONS

Years Ended December 31,

Foreign exchange effects 1,854

Net sales increased by $29.5 million during the year ended December 31, 2021, compared to the year ended December 31, 2020, primarily due to higher demand within all markets which were negatively impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic in the prior year, new business in the general industrial market, and favorable foreign exchange effects. In the fourth quarter of 2021, we recognized a customer pricing settlement.

Income from operations increased by $3.8 million compared to the same period in the prior year primarily due to contribution generated from the above-noted sales increase and customer pricing settlement. Moreover, we built up inventory in the year ended December 31, 2021, which resulted in favorable overhead absorption during the current year compared to the prior year. These positive impacts were partially offset by the reintroduction of employee-related costs suspended in the prior year due to the COVID-19 pandemic (such as travel, benefits, and overtime hours), material and labor inflation, and variable cost inefficiencies associated with global supply chain interruptions and uneven customer ordering patterns, particularly in the automotive market.

POWER SOLUTIONS

Years Ended December 31,

Foreign exchange effects 334

Net sales increased by $20.5 million during the year ended December 31, 2021, compared to the year ended December 31, 2020, primarily due to higher demand within our end markets, all of which were negatively impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic in the prior year. Sales were positively impacted by increased selling prices for precious metals allowed under customer contracts due to the sharp rise in underlying commodities costs compared to the year ended December 31, 2020. In addition, revenue increased during the fourth quarter of 2021 due to prices increases with certain customers.

Income (loss) from operations increased by $92.5 million compared to the same period in the prior year primarily due to a goodwill impairment loss of $92.9 million recognized in the first quarter of 2020. In addition, income from operations increased due to the above-noted higher sales volume. These favorable impacts were partially offset by an adverse shift in sales mix; higher material costs as a result of inflation; operating inefficiencies in our aerospace, defense, and medical business; and the reintroduction of employee-related costs suspended in the prior year due to the COVID-19 pandemic, such as travel, benefits and overtime hours.

Changes in Financial Condition from December 31, 2020, to December 31, 2021

Overview

From December 31, 2020, to December 31, 2021, total assets decreased by $45.9 million primarily due to normal depreciation and amortization of fixed assets, lease right-of-use assets, and intangible assets. We used $15.4 million of cash to settle the ineffective interest rate swap as part of our refinancing during the first quarter of 2021. Accounts receivable decreased as a result of successful collection efforts, accelerated payment terms, and lower sales in the fourth quarter of 2021 compared with the fourth quarter of 2020. These decreases were partially offset by capital expenditures and increases in inventories during the year ended December 31, 2021. Inventories increased as a result of a strategic decision to mitigate potential supply chain issues for our customers. The investment in the Chinese joint venture also increased as a result of undistributed earnings of the joint venture.

30

Table of Contents

From December 31, 2020, to December 31, 2021, total liabilities increased by $35.4 million, primarily due to the refinancing of our credit facilities, partially offset by the termination of the ineffective interest rate swap.

Cash Flows

Cash provided by operations was $15.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2021, compared with cash provided by operations of $15.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2020. Operating activities during 2021 included building inventory levels as a result of a strategic decision to mitigate potential supply chain issues for our customers. Net payments for income taxes were $5.4 million higher in the year ended December 31, 2021 when compared to 2020. The increased bonus payout to our employees during 2021 also impacted operating activities. Operating activities were positively impacted by the timing of disbursements on accounts payable compared to 2020, as well as increased income generated from operations during the year ended December 31, 2021.

Cash used in investing activities was $36.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2021, compared with cash provided by investing activities of $719.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2020. The difference was primarily due to cash received from the sale of the Life Sciences business in 2020.

Cash provided by financing activities was $2.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2021, compared with cash used by financing activities of $714.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2020. The difference was primarily due to $11.6 million net inflow from the debt and preferred stock refinancing in the current year compared to the prepayment of debt in 2020 with proceeds from the sale of the Life Sciences business.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Credit Facility

The principal amount outstanding under our Term Loan Facility as of December 31, 2021, was $148.9 million, without regard to unamortized debt issuance costs and discount. As of December 31, 2021, we had $36.0 million available for future borrowings under the ABL Facility. This amount of borrowing capacity is net of $11.2 million of outstanding letters of credit at December 31, 2021, which are considered as usage of the ABL Facility.

The Term Loan Facility requires quarterly principal payments of $0.4 million with the remaining unpaid principal amount due on the final maturity date of September 22, 2026. If one-month LIBOR is less than 1.000%, then we pay 7.875% per annum in interest. If one-month LIBOR exceeds 1.000%, then we pay the variable one-month LIBOR plus an applicable margin of 6.875%. Based on the interest rate in effect at December 31, 2021, and the fixed rate on the 2021 interest rate swap, annual interest payments would be approximately $11.9 million.

The ABL Facility bears interest on a variable rate structure with borrowings bearing interest at one-month LIBOR plus an applicable margin of 1.75%. The interest rate in effect at December 31, 2021, was 2.25%. We pay a commitment fee of 0.375% for unused capacity under the ABL Facility.

We were in compliance as of December 31, 2021, with all requirements under our Term Loan Facility and ABL Facility. Both credit facilities allow for optional expansion of available borrowings, subject to certain terms and conditions. On March 3, 2022, we amended our Term Loan Facility, which increases the quarterly maximum consolidated net leverage ratio beginning with the first quarter of 2022.

Hedging

On July 22, 2021, we entered into a fixed-rate interest rate swap agreement to change the LIBOR-based component of the interest rate on a portion of our variable rate debt to a fixed rate of 1.291% (the “2021 Swap”). The 2021 Swap has a notional amount of $60.0 million and a maturity date of July 31, 2024. The objective of the 2021 Swap is to eliminate the variability of cash flows in interest payments on the first $60.0 million of variable rate debt attributable to changes in benchmark one-month LIBOR interest rates. Refer to Note 19 in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statementsfor further discussion about the interest rate swap.

Our arrangements with customers typically provide that payments are due within 30 to 60 days following the date of shipment. We invoice and receive payment from many of our customers in various other currencies. Additionally, we are party to various third party and intercompany loans, payables, and receivables denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar. As a result of these sales, loans, payables, and receivables, we are exposed to foreign exchange transaction and translation risk. Various strategies to manage this risk are available to management, including producing and selling in local currencies and hedging programs. As of December 31, 2021, no currency derivatives were in place. In addition, a strengthening of the U.S. dollar against foreign currencies could impair our ability to compete with international competitors for foreign as well as domestic sales.

31

Table of Contents

Functional Currencies

We currently have foreign operations in Brazil, China, France, Mexico, and Poland. The local currency of each foreign facility is also its functional currency.

Seasonality and Fluctuation in Quarterly Results

General economic conditions impact our business and financial results, and certain businesses experience seasonal and other trends related to the industries and end markets that they serve. For example, European sales are often weaker in the summer months as customers slow production and sales to original equipment manufacturers are often stronger immediately preceding and following the launch of new products. However, as a whole, we are not materially impacted by seasonality.

Item 7A.Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

We are exposed to changes in financial market conditions in the normal course of business due to use of certain financial instruments as well as transacting business in various foreign currencies. To mitigate the exposure to these market risks, we have established policies, procedures, and internal processes governing the management of financial market risks. We are exposed to changes in interest rates primarily as a result of borrowing activities.

Interest Rate Risk

Our policy is to manage interest expense using a mixture of fixed and variable rate debt. To manage this mixture of fixed and variable rate debt effectively and mitigate interest rate risk, we may use interest rate swap agreements. The nature and amount of borrowings may vary as a result of future business requirements, market conditions, and other factors.

In February 2019, we entered into a fixed-rate interest rate swap agreement that changed the LIBOR-based portion of the interest rate on a portion of our variable rate debt to a fixed rate of 2.4575%. On March 22, 2021, we terminated the interest rate swap agreement in connection with the prepayment of our previously outstanding long-term variable-rate debt.

On July 22, 2021, we entered into a fixed-rate interest rate swap agreement to change the LIBOR-based component of the interest rate on a portion of our variable rate debt to a fixed rate of 1.291% (the “2021 Swap”). The 2021 Swap has a notional amount of $60.0 million and a maturity date of July 31, 2024. The objective of the 2021 Swap is to eliminate the variability of cash flows in interest payments on the first $60.0 million of variable rate debt attributable to changes in benchmark one-month LIBOR interest rates. The hedged risk is the interest rate risk exposure to changes in interest payments, attributable to changes in benchmark one-month LIBOR interest rates over the interest rate swap term. The changes in cash flows of the interest rate swap are expected to exactly offset changes in cash flows of the variable rate debt. We designated the 2021 Swap as a cash flow hedge at inception. Cash settlements of the 2021 Swap are recognized in interest expense.

Refer to Note 19 in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Annual Report for further discussion about the interest rate swaps.

At December 31, 2021, we had $148.9 million of principal outstanding under the Term Loan Facility without regard to capitalized debt issuance costs. A one-percent increase in one-month LIBOR would have resulted in a net increase in interest expense of $0.1 million on an annualized basis due to the fact that the Term Loan Facility is subject to a LIBOR floor of 1.000% and one-month LIBOR was below the floor as of December 31, 2021.

We had no outstanding borrowings under the ABL Facility at December 31, 2021.

Foreign Currency Risk

Translation of our operating cash flows denominated in foreign currencies is impacted by changes in foreign exchange rates. We participate in various third party and intercompany loans, payables, and receivables denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar. To help reduce exposure to foreign currency fluctuation, we have incurred debt in euros in the past. From time to time, we may use foreign currency derivatives to hedge currency exposures when these exposures meet certain discretionary levels. We did not hold a position in any foreign currency derivatives as of December 31, 2021.

32

Table of Contents

Item 8.Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

Index to Financial Statements

Page

Reports of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (PCAOB ID: 248) 34

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (PCAOB ID: 238) 37

Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss) 38

Consolidated Balance Sheets 39

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity 40

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows 41

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 42

Note 1. Significant Accounting Policies 42

Note 2. Discontinued Operations 45

Note 3. Segment Information 47

Note 4. Accounts Receivable 49

Note 5. Inventories 49

Note 6. Property, Plant and Equipment 50

Note 7. Goodwill 50

Note 8. Intangible Assets, Net 51

Note 9. Investment in Joint Venture 51

Note 10. Income Taxes 52

Note 13. Commitments and Contingencies 60

Note 14. Preferred Stock and Stockholders' Equity 61

Note 15. Revenue from Contracts with Customers 62

Note 16. Share-Based Compensation 64

Note 17. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income 69

Note 18. Net Income (Loss) Per Common Share 69

Note 19. Fair Value Measurements 71

Note 20. Subsequent Event 74

33

Table of Contents

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

Board of Directors and Stockholders

NN, Inc.

Opinion on internal control over financial reporting

We have audited the internal control over financial reporting of NN, Inc. (a Delaware corporation) and subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2021, based on criteria established in the 2013 Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (“COSO”). In our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2021, based on criteria established in the 2013 Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by COSO.

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”), the consolidated financial statements of the Company as of and for the year ended December 31, 2021, and our report dated March 11, 2022 expressed an unqualified opinion on those consolidated financial statements.

Basis for opinion

The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Definition and limitations of internal control over financial reporting

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

/s/ GRANT THORNTON LLP

Charlotte, North Carolina

March 11, 2022