MYRG US Equity☆

Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

This management’s discussion and analysis provides a narrative on the Company’s financial performance and condition that should be read in conjunction with the other sections of this report, including the Financial Statements and related notes contained in Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. In addition to historical information, this discussion contains forward-looking statements that involve risks, uncertainties and assumptions that could cause actual results to differ materially from management’s expectations. Factors that could cause such differences are discussed in “Forward-Looking Statements” and “Risk Factors.” We assume no obligation to update any of these forward-looking statements.

Presentation of Information

The discussion that follows includes a comparison of our results of operations and liquidity and capital resources for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2021 and 2022. For a discussion of changes from the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020 to the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021, refer to Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in Part II, Item 7 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021 (filed February 23, 2022).

Overview-Introduction

We are a holding company of specialty electrical construction service providers that was established in 1995 through the merger of long-standing specialty contractors. Through our subsidiaries, we serve the electric utility infrastructure, commercial and industrial construction markets. We manage and report our operations through two electrical contracting service segments: Transmission and Distribution (“T&D”) and Commercial and Industrial (“C&I”).

We have operated in the transmission and distribution industry since 1891. We are one of the largest U.S. contractors servicing the T&D sector of the electric utility industry and provide T&D services throughout the United States and in Ontario, Canada. Our T&D customers include many of the leading companies in the electric utility industry. We have provided electrical contracting services for commercial and industrial construction since 1912. Our C&I segment provides services in the United States and in western Canada. Our C&I customers include facility owners and general contractors.

We believe that we have a number of competitive advantages in both of our segments, including our skilled workforce, extensive centralized fleet, proven safety performance and reputation for timely completion of quality work that allows us to compete favorably in our markets. In addition, we believe that we are better capitalized than some of our competitors, which provides us with valuable flexibility to take on additional and more complex projects.

We had revenues for the year ended December 31, 2022 of $3.01 billion compared to $2.50 billion for the year ended December 31, 2021. For the year ended December 31, 2022, net income was $83.4 million compared to $85.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2021.

Overview-Segments

Transmission and Distribution segment. Our T&D segment provides comprehensive solutions to providers in the electric utility industry. Our T&D segment generally serves the electric utility industry as a prime contractor to customers such as investor-owned utilities, cooperatives, private developers, government-funded utilities, independent power producers, independent transmission companies, industrial facility owners and other contractors. We have long-standing relationships with many of our T&D customers who rely on us to construct and maintain reliable electric and other utility infrastructure. Our T&D segment provides a broad range of services on electric transmission and distribution networks, substation facilities and clean energy projects, which include design, engineering, procurement, construction, upgrade and maintenance and repair services. Our T&D services include the construction and maintenance of high voltage transmission lines, substations, lower voltage underground and overhead distribution systems, clean energy facilities and limited gas construction services. We also provide many services to our customers under multi-year master service agreements (“MSAs”) and other variable-term service agreements.

For the year ended December 31, 2022, our T&D revenues were $1.75 billion, or 58.0%, of our revenue, compared to $1.30 billion, or 52.1%, of our revenue for the year ended December 31, 2021 and $1.15 billion, or 51.4%, of our revenue for the year ended December 31, 2020. Revenues from transmission projects represented 62.1%, 62.0%, and 64.6% of T&D segment revenue for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

Our T&D segment also provides restoration services in response to hurricanes, ice storms or other storm related events, which accounted for less than 5% of our annual revenues in 2022, 2021 and 2020.

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Measured by revenues in our T&D segment, we provided 47.8%, 43.0% and 44.0% of our T&D services under fixed-price contracts during the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

Commercial and Industrial segment. Our C&I segment provides a wide range of services including design, installation, maintenance and repair of commercial and industrial wiring, the installation of intelligent transportation systems, roadway lighting and signalization. In our C&I segment, we generally provide our electric construction and maintenance services as a subcontractor to general contractors in the C&I industry as well as directly to facility owners. We have a diverse customer base with many long-standing relationships. We concentrate our efforts on projects where our technical and project management expertise are critical to successful and timely execution. The majority of C&I contracts cover electrical contracting services for airports, hospitals, data centers, hotels, stadiums, commercial and industrial facilities, clean energy projects, manufacturing plants, processing facilities, water/waste-water treatment facilities, mining facilities and transportation control and management systems.

For the year ended December 31, 2022, our C&I revenues were $1.26 billion, or 42.0%, of our revenue, compared to $1.20 billion, or 47.9%, of our revenue for the year ended December 31, 2021 and $1.09 billion, or 48.6%, of our revenue for the year ended December 31, 2020.

Measured by revenues in our C&I segment, we provided 83.3%, 80.5% and 82.7% of our services under fixed-price contracts for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

Overview-Revenue and Gross Margins

Revenue Recognition. We recognize revenue to depict the transfer of goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration that we expect to be entitled to in exchange for goods or services provided. Revenue associated with contracts with customers is recognized over time as our performance creates or enhances customer controlled assets or creates or enhances an asset with no alternative use, for which we have an enforceable right to receive compensation as defined under the contract. To determine the amount of revenue to recognize over time, we utilize the cost-to-cost method as we believe cost incurred best represents the amount of work completed and remaining on our projects, and is the most common basis for computing percentage of completion in our industry. As the cost-to-cost method is driven by incurred cost, we calculate the percentage of completion by dividing costs incurred to date by the total estimated cost. The percentage of completion is then multiplied by estimated revenues to determine inception-to-date revenue. Revenue recognized for the period is the current inception-to-date recognized revenue less the prior period inception-to-date recognized revenue. If a contract is projected to result in a loss, the entire contract loss is recognized in the period when the loss was first determined and the amount of the loss is updated in subsequent reporting periods. Additionally, contract costs incurred to date and expected total contract costs are continuously monitored during the term of the contract. Changes in the job performance, job conditions and final contract settlements are factors that influence management’s assessment of total contract value and the total estimated costs to complete those contracts, and therefore, profit and revenue recognition.

Gross Margins. Our gross margin can vary between periods as a result of many factors, some of which are beyond our control. These factors include: the mix of revenue derived from the industries we serve, the size and duration of our projects, the mix of business conducted in different parts of the United States and Canada, the mix of service and maintenance work compared to new construction work, the amount of work that we subcontract, the amount of material we supply, changes in labor, equipment or insurance costs, seasonal weather patterns, changes in fleet utilization, pricing pressures due to competition, efficiency of work performance, fluctuations in commodity prices of materials, delays in the timing of projects and other factors. The gross margins we record in the current period may not be indicative of margins in future periods.

Overview-Economic, Industry and Market Factors

We operate in competitive markets, which can result in pricing pressures for the services we provide. Work is often awarded through a bidding and selection process, where price is always a principal factor. We generally focus on managing our profitability by: selecting projects that we believe will provide attractive margins; actively monitoring the costs of completing our projects; holding customers accountable for costs related to changes to contract specifications and rewarding our employees for controlling costs.

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The demand for construction and maintenance services from our customers has been, and will likely continue to be, cyclical in nature and vulnerable to downturns in the markets we serve as well as the economy in general. The financial condition of our customers and their access to capital, variations in the margins of projects performed during any particular period, and regional and national economic conditions in the United States and Canada may materially affect results. Project schedules, particularly in connection with larger, multi-year projects, can also create fluctuations in our revenues. Other market and industry factors, such as changes to our customers’ capital spending plans or delays in regulatory approvals can affect project schedules. Changes in technology, tax and other incentives and new or changing regulatory requirements affecting the industries we serve can impact demand for our services. While we actively monitor economic, industry and market factors affecting our business, we cannot predict the impact such factors may have on our future results of operations, liquidity and cash flows. As a result of economic, industry and market factors, our operating results in any particular period or year may not be indicative of the results that can be expected for any other period or for any other year.

Overview-Seasonality and Nature of Our Work Environment

Although our revenues are primarily driven by spending patterns in our customers’ industries, our revenues and results of operations, particularly those derived from our T&D segment, can be subject to seasonal variations. These variations are influenced by weather, daylight hours, availability of system outages from utilities, and holidays. During the winter months, demand for our T&D work may be high, but our work can be delayed due to inclement weather. During the summer months, the demand for our T&D work may be affected by fewer available system outages, due to peak electrical demands caused by warmer weather, which limits our ability to perform electrical line service work. During the spring and fall months, the demand for our T&D work may increase due to improved weather conditions and system availability; however, extended periods of rain and other severe weather can affect the deployment of our crews and efficiency of operations. Furthermore, our work is performed under a variety of conditions in different locations, including but not limited to, difficult terrain, sites which may have been exposed to harsh and hazardous conditions, and in large urban centers where delivery of materials and availability of labor may be impacted.

We also provide storm restoration services to our T&D customers. These services tend to have a higher profit margin. However, storm restoration service work that is performed under an MSA typically has similar rates to other work under the agreement. In addition, deploying employees on storm restoration work may, at times, delay work on other transmission and distribution work. Storm restoration service work is unpredictable and can affect results of operations.

Outlook

Our business is directly impacted by the level of spending on T&D infrastructure and the level of C&I electrical construction activity across the United States and Canada. We are optimistic about infrastructure spending and believe that industry activity will continue in both our transmission and distribution market segments and the drivers for utility investment will remain intact. We believe that regulatory reform, state clean energy portfolio standards, the aging of the electric grid, and potential overall improvement of the economy will positively impact the level of spending by our customers in all of the markets we serve. Although competition remains strong, we see these trends as positive factors for us in the future.

We believe legislative actions aimed at supporting infrastructure improvements in the United States may positively impact long-term demand, particularly in connection with electric power infrastructure, transportation and clean energy spending. We believe the legislative actions are likely to provide greater long-term opportunity in both of our reporting segments. However both of our segments and supporting operations may be subject to delays and cost volatility due to supply chain disruptions, inflationary pressures, tariffs and regulatory slowdowns which may result in decelerations in project opportunities and awards.

We believe there is an ongoing need for utilities to sustain investment in their transmission systems to improve reliability, reduce congestion and connect to new clean energy sources. Consequently, we believe we will continue to see significant bidding activity on large transmission projects going forward. The timing of multi-year transmission project awards and substantial construction activity is difficult to predict due to regulatory requirements and the permitting needed to commence construction. Significant construction on any large, multi-year projects awarded in 2023 will not likely have a large impact on our 2023 results. Bidding and construction activity for small to medium-size transmission projects and upgrades remain active, and we expect this trend to continue.

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As a result of reduced spending by United States utilities on their distribution systems for several years, we believe there is a need for sustained investment by utilities on their distribution systems to properly maintain or meet reliability requirements. In 2022, we continued to see increased bidding activity in some of our electric distribution markets, as economic conditions improved in those areas. We believe the increased storm activity and destruction caused by wildfires will cause a push to strengthen utility distribution systems against catastrophic damage. Several industry and market trends are also prompting customers in the electric utility industry to seek outsourcing partners rather than performing projects internally. These trends include an aging electric utility workforce, increasing costs and staffing constraints. We believe electric utility employee retirements could increase with further economic recovery, which may result in an increase in outsourcing opportunities.

Our C&I bidding opportunities could be impacted by market disruptions, and as a result, the growth of our C&I market will be heavily dependent on the timing and pace of the overall market recovery. We believe that the primary markets we serve, such as health care, transportation, data centers, warehousing, clean energy and water/waste-water projects, may be somewhat less vulnerable to economic slowing.

In addition, the United States has experienced decades of underfunded economic expansion and aging infrastructure which has challenged the capacity of public water and transportation infrastructure forcing states and municipalities to seek creative means to fund needed expansion and repair. We believe the need for expanding public infrastructure will offer opportunity in our C&I segment for several years. We expect the long-term growth in our C&I segment to generally track the overall growth of the regions we serve.

We strive to maintain our status as a preferred provider to our T&D and C&I customers. We continued to implement strategies that further expand our capabilities and effectively allocate capital. We have focused on strengthening our balance sheet by reducing our variable rate outstanding debt in the current higher interest rate environment, which has increased our liquidity and allows us to take advantage of future opportunities as they arise. Additionally, on January 4, 2022, we acquired all issued and outstanding shares of capital stock of Powerline Plus Ltd. and its affiliate (collectively, the “Powerline Plus Companies"), which expanded our distribution operations in Ontario, Canada. During 2022, the Company repurchased 442,167 shares of its common stock under repurchase programs at a weighted-average price of $83.64 per share. As of December 31, 2022, we had $75.0 million of remaining availability to purchase shares under our current program, which continues in effect until May 8, 2023, or until the authorized funds are exhausted.

We continue to manage our increasing operating costs, including increasing insurance, equipment, labor and material costs. We believe that our financial position, positive cash flows and other operational strengths will enable us to manage our markets and give us the flexibility to successfully execute our strategies. We continue to invest in developing key management and craft personnel in both our T&D and C&I markets and in procuring the specific specialty equipment and tooling needed to win and execute projects of all sizes and complexity. In 2022 and 2021, we invested in capital expenditures of approximately $77.1 million and $52.4 million, respectively. Most of our capital expenditures supported opportunities in our T&D business. We plan to continue to evaluate our needs for additional equipment and tooling.

Understanding Backlog

We define backlog as our estimated revenue on uncompleted contracts, including the amount of revenue on contracts for which work has not begun, less the revenue we have recognized under such contracts. Backlog may not accurately represent the revenues that we expect to realize during any particular period. Several factors, such as the timing of contract awards, the type and duration of contracts, and the mix of subcontractor and material costs in our projects, can impact our backlog at any point in time. Some of our revenue does not appear in our periodic backlog reporting because the award of the project, as well as the execution of the work, can all take place within the period. For many of our unit-price, time-and-equipment, time-and-materials and cost-plus contracts, we only include projected revenue for a three-month period in the calculation of backlog, although these types of contracts are generally awarded as part of MSAs that typically have a one- to three-year duration from execution. Additionally, the difference between our backlog and remaining performance obligations is due to the exclusion of a portion of our MSAs under certain contract types from our remaining performance obligations as these contracts can be canceled for convenience at any time by us or the customer without considerable cost incurred by the customer. Our backlog includes projects that have a written award, a letter of intent, a notice to proceed or an agreed upon work order to perform work on mutually accepted terms and conditions. Our estimated backlog also includes our proportionate share of our unconsolidated joint venture contracts.

Changes in backlog from period to period are primarily the result of fluctuations in the timing of awards and revenue recognition of contracts. Backlog should not be relied upon as a stand-alone indicator of future events.

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Understanding Gross Margins

Our gross margin is gross profit expressed as a percentage of revenues. Gross profit is calculated by subtracting contract costs from revenue. Contract costs consist primarily of salaries, wages and benefits to employees, depreciation, fuel and other equipment expenses, equipment rentals, subcontracted services, insurance, facilities expenses, materials and parts and supplies. Various factors affect our gross margins on a quarterly or annual basis, including those listed below.

Performance Risk. Margins may fluctuate because of the volume of work and the impacts of pricing and job productivity, which can be impacted both favorably and negatively by customer decisions and crew productivity, as well as other factors. When comparing a service contract between periods, factors affecting the gross margins associated with the revenues generated by the contract may include pricing under the contract, the volume of work performed under the contract, the mix of the type of work specifically being performed, the availability of labor resources at expected labor rates and the productivity of the crews performing the work. Productivity can be influenced by many factors including the experience level of the crew, whether the work is on an open or encumbered right of way, weather conditions, geographical conditions, trade stacking, performance of other sub-trades, schedule changes, effects of environmental restrictions, equipment availability and regulatory and permitting delays.

Revenue Mix and Contract Terms. The mix of revenue derived from the industries we serve will impact gross margins. Changes in our customers’ spending patterns in each of the industries we serve can cause an imbalance in supply and demand and, therefore, affect margins and mix of revenue by industry served. Storm restoration services typically command higher profit margins than other maintenance services. Seasonal and weather factors, as noted below, can impact the timing at which customers perform maintenance and repairs, which can cause a shift in the revenue mix. Some of our time-and-equipment, time-and-materials and cost-plus contracts include shared savings clauses, in which the contract includes a target price and we agree to share savings from that target price with our customer. Additionally, new construction work has a higher gross margin than maintenance and repair work. New construction work is often obtained on a fixed-price basis, which carries a higher risk than other types of pricing arrangements because a contractor can bear the risk of increased expenses. As such, we generally bid fixed-price contracts with higher profit margins. We typically derive approximately 25% to 45% of our revenue from maintenance and repair work that is performed under pre-established or negotiated prices or cost-plus pricing arrangements which generally allow us a set margin above our costs. Thus, the mix between new construction work, at fixed-price, and maintenance and repair work, at cost-plus, in a given period will impact gross margin in that period. The timing of accounting recognition of such savings can impact our margins. In addition, change orders and claims can impact our margins. Costs related to change orders and claims are recognized in contract costs when incurred, but revenue related to change orders is only recognized when it is probable that the change order will result in an addition to contract value and can be reliably estimated, whereas revenue related to claims is recognized only to the extent that contract costs related to the claim have been incurred and when it is probable that the claim will result in an addition to contract value which can be reliably estimated. Generally, no profit is recognized on a claim until final settlement occurs.

Seasonal, Weather and Geographical. Seasonal patterns, primarily related to weather conditions and the availability of system outages, can have a significant impact on gross margins in a given period. It is typical during the winter months that parts of the country may experience snow or rainfall, which can affect our crews’ ability to work efficiently. Additionally, our T&D customers often cannot remove their T&D lines from service during the summer months, when consumer demand for electricity is at its peak, delaying maintenance and repair services. In both cases, projects may be delayed or temporarily placed on hold. Conversely, in periods when weather remains dry and temperatures are moderate, more work can be done, sometimes with less cost, which would have a favorable impact on gross margins. The mix of business conducted in different parts of the country could also affect margins, as some parts of the country offer the opportunity for higher margins than others due to the geographic characteristics associated with the location where the work is being performed. Such characteristics include whether the project is performed in an urban versus a rural setting; in a mountainous area or in open terrain; or in normal soil conditions or rocky terrain. Site conditions, including unforeseen underground conditions, can also impact margins.

Depreciation and Amortization. We include depreciation on equipment and finance lease amortization in contract costs. This is common practice in our industry, but can make comparability to other companies difficult. We spend a significant amount of capital on property, facilities and equipment, with the majority of such expenditures being used to purchase additional specialized equipment to enhance our fleet and to reduce our reliance on lease arrangements and short term equipment rentals. We believe the investment in specialized equipment helps to reduce our costs, improve our margins and provide us with valuable flexibility to take on additional and complex projects.

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Material and Subcontract Costs. Projects that include a greater amount of material or subcontractor costs can experience lower overall project gross margins as we typically add a lower mark-up to material and subcontractor costs in our bids than what we would to our labor and equipment cost. In addition, successful completion of our contracts may depend on whether our subcontractors successfully fulfill their contractual obligations. If our subcontractors fail to satisfactorily perform their contractual obligations as a result of financial or other difficulties, we may be required to incur additional costs and provide additional services in order to make up for such shortfalls. Additionally, we are required to allocate more working capital to projects when we are required to provide materials.

Insurance. Gross margins could be impacted by fluctuations in insurance accruals related to our deductibles and loss history in the period in which such adjustments are made. We carry insurance policies, which are subject to high deductibles, for workers’ compensation, general liability, automobile liability and other coverages. Losses up to the deductible amounts are accrued based upon estimates of the ultimate liability for claims reported and an estimate of claims incurred but not yet reported.

Fleet Availability, Cost, Utilization, Estimation, and Bidding. We operate a centrally-managed fleet in the United States in an effort to control rising costs and achieve efficient equipment utilization. We also develop internal equipment rates which provide our business units with appropriate cost information to estimate bids for new projects. Availability of equipment for a particular contract is determined by our internal fleet ordering process which is designed to optimize the use of internal fleet assets and allocate equipment costs to individual contracts. We believe these processes allow us to utilize our equipment efficiently, which leads to improved gross margins. Transmission and distribution projects can require different types of equipment. A significant shift in project mix or timing could impact fleet utilization, causing gross margins to vary.

Cost of Material. On fixed-price contracts where we are required to provide materials, our overall gross margin may be affected if we experience increases in the quantity or costs of materials. Projects that include a greater amount of material cost can experience lower overall project gross margins as we typically add a lower mark-up to material cost in our bids than what we would add to our labor and equipment cost.

Our team of trained estimators helps us to determine potential costs and revenues and make informed decisions on whether to bid for a project and, if bid, the rates to use in estimating the costs for that bid. The ability to accurately estimate labor, equipment, subcontracting and material costs in connection with a new project may affect the gross margins achieved for the project.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

Selling, general and administrative expenses (“SG&A”) consist primarily of compensation, related benefits and employee costs for management and administrative personnel, office rent and utilities, stock compensation, communications, professional fees, depreciation, IT expenses, marketing costs and bad debt expense.

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Consolidated Results of Operations

The following table sets forth selected statements of operations data and such data as a percentage of revenues for the years indicated:

Year Ended December 31, 2022 Compared to the Year Ended December 31, 2021

For the year ended December 31,

Gain on sale of property and equipment (2,378) (0.1) (3,098) (0.1)

Other income (expense):

Interest income 187 — 70 —

Less: net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest — — (4) —

Net income attributable to MYR Group Inc. $ 83,381 2.8 % $ 85,010 3.4 %

Revenues. Revenues increased $510.2 million, or 20.4%, to $3.01 billion for the year ended December 31, 2022 from $2.50 billion for the year ended December 31, 2021. The increase was primarily due to an increase in revenue on transmission projects, an increase in revenues on distribution projects, including incremental distribution revenues from the Powerline Plus Companies, and an increase in C&I revenue in certain geographical areas.

Gross margin. Gross margin decreased to 11.4% for the year ended December 31, 2022 from 13.0% for the year ended December 31, 2021. The decrease in gross margin was primarily due to overall cost increases mainly associated with supply chain disruptions and inflation. Gross margin was also negatively impacted by labor and equipment inefficiencies, unfavorable change order adjustments and inclement weather experienced on certain projects. These margin decreases were partially offset by favorable job close outs, better-than-anticipated productivity on certain projects and favorable change order adjustments on certain projects. Changes in estimates of gross profit on certain projects resulted in a gross margin decrease of 0.4% and an increase of 0.4% for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

Gross profit. Gross profit increased $19.0 million, or 5.8%, to $344.0 million for year ended December 31, 2022 from $325.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2021, due to higher revenues, partially offset by lower margins.

Selling, general and administrative expenses. SG&A, was $222.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2022, an increase of $15.2 million from $207.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2021. The year-over-year increase was primarily due to the acquisition of the Powerline Plus Companies and an increase in employee-related expenses to support the growth in our operations, partially offset by a decrease in employee incentive compensation costs.

Amortization of intangible assets. Amortization of intangible assets was $9.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2022 compared to $2.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2021. The period-over-period increase of $6.7 million was primarily due to amortization related to certain intangibles acquired with the Powerline Plus Companies.

Gain on sale of property and equipment. Gains from the sale of property and equipment in the year ended December 31, 2022 were $2.4 million compared to $3.1 million in the year ended December 31, 2021. Gains from the sale of property and equipment are attributable to routine sales of property and equipment that is no longer useful or valuable to our ongoing operations.

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Interest expense. Interest expense was $3.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2022 compared to $1.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2021. This increase was primarily attributable to higher outstanding debt and interest rates during the year ended December 31, 2022 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2021.

Other income (expense), net. Other income was $2.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2022 compared to other expense of $0.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2021. The change was largely due to funds received under the Canadian Emergency Wage Subsidy program, which were attributable to a C&I segment company. Other income was also positively impacted by an adjustment to contingent earn-out consideration related to the acquisition of the Powerline Plus Companies.

Income tax expense. Income tax expense was $30.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2022, with an effective tax rate of 27.0%, compared to $31.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2021, with an effective tax rate of 26.9%. The increase in the tax rate for the year ended December 31, 2022 was primarily due to adjustments associated with the prior year global intangible low tax income (“GILTI”), partially offset by a favorable impact from stock compensation excess tax benefits.

Net income. Net income decreased to $83.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2022 from $85.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2021. The decrease was primarily for the reasons stated above.

Segment Results

The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, statements of operations data by segment, segment net sales as a percentage of total net sales and segment operating income as a percentage of segment net sales:

For the Year Ended December 31,

(dollars in thousands) Amount Percent Amount Percent

Contract revenues:

Operating income (loss):

Transmission & Distribution

Revenues for our T&D segment for the year ended December 31, 2022 were $1.75 billion compared to $1.30 billion for the year ended December 31, 2021, an increase of $444.2 million, or 34.1%. The increase in revenue was primarily related to an increase in revenue on transmission projects, and an increase in revenues on distribution projects, including incremental distribution revenues from the Powerline Plus Companies.

Operating income for our T&D segment for the year ended December 31, 2022 was $138.9 million compared to $132.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2021, an increase of $6.2 million, or 4.6%. The increase in T&D operating income from the prior year was primarily due to higher revenues and a favorable job close-out. These increases were partially offset by the additional $6.7 million of amortization related to certain intangibles acquired with the Powerline Plus Companies and an unfavorable change order adjustment on a project. Operating income was also negatively impacted by overall cost increases from supply chain disruptions, labor inefficiencies, inflation and inclement weather experienced on certain projects. Operating income, as a percentage of revenues, for our T&D segment decreased to 8.0% for the year ended December 31, 2022 from 10.2% for the year ended December 31, 2021.

Commercial & Industrial

Revenues for our C&I segment for the year ended December 31, 2022 were $1.26 billion compared to $1.20 billion for the year ended December 31, 2021, an increase of $66.1 million, or 5.5%, primarily due to an increase in revenue in certain geographic areas.

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Operating income for our C&I segment for the year ended December 31, 2022 was $43.2 million compared to $54.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2021, a decrease of $11.2 million, or 20.7%. The year-over-year decrease in operating income was primarily due to overall cost increases mainly associated with supply chain disruptions and inflation. Operating income was also negatively impacted by labor inefficiencies on certain projects and an unfavorable change order adjustment on a project. The decrease in operating income was partially offset by better-than-anticipated productivity on various projects, favorable change order adjustments on certain projects and a favorable job close out. Operating income, as a percentage of revenues, for our C&I segment decreased to 3.4% for the year ended December 31, 2022 from 4.5% for the year ended December 31, 2021.

Corporate

The decrease in corporate expenses for the year ended December 31, 2022 was primarily attributable to a decrease in employee incentive compensation costs, partially offset by an increase in employee-related expenses to support the growth in our operations.

Non-GAAP Measures

EBITDA

EBITDA is a non-GAAP measure used by management that we define as net income attributable to MYR Group Inc. plus net income from noncontrolling interests, interest expense net of interest income, income tax expense and depreciation and amortization, as shown in the following table. EBITDA does not purport to be an alternative to net income attributable to MYR Group Inc. as a measure of operating performance or to net cash flows provided by operating activities as a measure of liquidity. We believe that EBITDA is useful to investors and other external users of our Consolidated Financial Statements in evaluating our operating performance and cash flow because EBITDA is widely used by investors to measure a company’s operating performance without regard to items such as interest expense, taxes, depreciation and amortization, which can vary substantially from company to company depending upon accounting methods, book value of assets, useful lives placed on assets, capital structure and the method by which assets were acquired. Because not all companies define EBITDA as we do, this presentation of EBITDA may not be comparable to other similarly-titled measures of other companies. We use, and we believe investors benefit from, the presentation of EBITDA in evaluating our operating performance because it provides us and our investors with an additional tool to compare our operating performance on a consistent basis by removing the impact of certain items that management believes do not directly reflect our core operations.

Using EBITDA as a performance measure has material limitations as compared to net income, or other financial measures as defined under GAAP, as it excludes certain recurring items, which may be meaningful to investors. EBITDA excludes interest expense net of interest income; however, as we have borrowed money to finance transactions and operations, or invested available cash to generate interest income, interest expense and interest income are elements of our cost structure and can affect our ability to generate revenue and returns for our shareholders. Further, EBITDA excludes depreciation and amortization; however, as we use capital and intangible assets to generate revenues, depreciation and amortization are necessary elements of our costs and ability to generate revenue. Finally, EBITDA excludes income taxes; however, as we are organized as a corporation, the payment of taxes is a necessary element of our operations. As a result of these exclusions from EBITDA, any measure that excludes interest expense net of interest income, depreciation and amortization and income taxes has material limitations as compared to net income. When using EBITDA as a performance measure, management compensates for these limitations by comparing EBITDA to net income in each period, to allow for the comparison of the performance of the underlying core operations with the overall performance of the company on a full-cost, after-tax basis. Using both EBITDA and net income to evaluate the business allows management and investors to (a) assess our relative performance against our competitors and (b) monitor our capacity to generate returns for our shareholders.

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The following table provides a reconciliation of net income attributable to MYR Group Inc. to EBITDA:

For the year ended December 31,

Net loss - noncontrolling interests — (4) —

We also use EBITDA as a liquidity measure. Certain material covenants contained within our credit agreement (the “Credit Agreement”) are based on EBITDA with certain additional adjustments as defined in the Credit Agreement. Non-compliance with these financial covenants under the Credit Agreement — our interest coverage ratio which is defined in the Credit Agreement as Consolidated EBITDA (as defined in the Credit Agreement) divided by interest expense (as defined in the Credit Agreement) and our leverage ratio, which is defined in the Credit Agreement as Consolidated Total Indebtedness (as defined in the Credit Agreement), divided by Consolidated EBITDA (as defined in the Credit Agreement) — could result in our lenders requiring us to immediately repay all amounts borrowed. If we anticipated a potential covenant violation, we would seek relief from our lenders, likely causing us to incur additional cost, and such relief might not be available, or if available, might not be on terms as favorable as those in the Credit Agreement. In addition, if we cannot satisfy these financial covenants, we would be prohibited under the Credit Agreement from engaging in certain activities, such as incurring additional indebtedness, making certain payments, and acquiring or disposing of assets. Based on the information above, management believes that the presentation of EBITDA as a liquidity measure is useful to investors and relevant to their assessment of our capacity to service or incur debt, fund capital expenditures, finance acquisitions and expand our operations.

The following table provides a reconciliation of net cash flows provided by operating activities to EBITDA:

For the year ended December 31,

Add/(subtract)

Changes in operating assets and liabilities (8,522) 6,554 (67,770)

Working Capital

Working capital is a non-GAAP measure. We believe working capital is useful to investors and other external users of our Consolidated Financial Statements in evaluating our operating performance. The Company defines working capital as total current assets less total current liabilities. The following table provides the Company’s calculation of working capital:

As of December 31,

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Liquidity, Capital Resources and Material Cash Requirements

As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, we had working capital of $223.3 million and $249.8 million, respectively. During the year ended December 31, 2022, our operating activities provided cash of $167.5 million, compared to $137.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2021. Cash flow from operations is primarily influenced by demand for our services, operating margins, timing of contract performance and the type of services we provide to our customers. The $30.3 million year-over-year increase in cash provided by operating activities was primarily due to favorable net changes in operating assets and liabilities of $15.1 million, partially offset by a $1.6 million decrease in net income. The favorable change in operating assets and liabilities was primarily due to the favorable change of $27.0 million in prepaid expenses and other assets, partially offset by the net unfavorable changes of $16.6 million in other liabilities. The favorable change in prepaid expenses and other assets was primarily due to the timing of insurance payments and the prepayment of materials required for certain projects. The unfavorable change in other liabilities was primarily due to lower bonus and profit sharing accruals, and payments related to our deferral under the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act ("CARES Act") partially offset by the timing of other employee related wage and tax payments. In addition, the net favorable year-over-year changes in various working capital accounts that relate primarily to the timing of costs incurred on work performed that does not coincide with the billing terms (accounts receivable, contract assets, accounts payable and contract liabilities) was $0.3 million.

During the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, we used net cash of $185.7 million and $49.3 million, respectively, in investing activities. The $185.7 million of cash used in investing activities in the year ended December 31, 2022 consisted of $110.7 million to acquire the Powerline Plus Companies, $77.1 million for capital expenditures, partially offset by $2.0 million of proceeds from the sale of equipment. The $49.3 million of cash used in investing activities in the year ended December 31, 2021 consisted of $52.4 million for capital expenditures, partially offset by $3.1 million of proceeds from the sale of equipment.

During the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, we used cash of $9.3 million, and $28.1 million, respectively in financing activities. The $9.3 million of cash used in financing activities in the year ended December 31, 2022 consisted primarily of $37.0 million of shares repurchases under our share repurchase program, $6.8 million of shares repurchased to satisfy tax obligations under our stock compensation programs, $1.6 million of repayments of finance lease obligations and $1.0 million of net repayments under our master equipment loan agreements. These uses of cash during the year ended December 31, 2022, were partially offset by $24.2 million of borrowing under our equipment notes and $12.9 million of net borrowing under our revolving line of credit. The $28.1 million of cash used in financing activities in the year ended December 31, 2021 consisted primarily of $24.9 million of net repayments under our master equipment loan agreements, and $3.4 million of cash used to purchase shares surrendered by employees to satisfy tax obligations under our stock compensation programs.

We believe our $349.3 million borrowing availability under our revolving line of credit at December 31, 2022, future cash flow from operations and our ability to utilize short-term and long-term leases will provide sufficient liquidity for our short-tern and long-term needs. Our primary short-term liquidity needs include cash for operations, debt service requirements, capital expenditures, acquisition and joint venture opportunities. We believe we have adequate sources of liquidity to meet our long-term liquidity needs and foreseeable material cash requirements, including those associated with funding future acquisition opportunities. We continue to invest in developing key management and craft personnel in both our T&D and C&I markets and in procuring the specific specialty equipment and tooling needed to win and execute projects of all sizes and complexity.

We have not historically paid dividends and currently do not expect to pay dividends.

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Debt Instruments

Credit Agreement

On September 13, 2019, we entered into a five-year amended and restated credit agreement (the “Credit Agreement”) with a syndicate of banks led by JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. and Bank of America, N.A. The Credit Agreement provides for a facility of $375 million (the “Facility”), subject to certain financial covenants as defined in the Credit Agreement, that may be used for revolving loans of which $150 million may be used for letters of credit. The Facility also allows for revolving loans and letters of credit in Canadian dollars and other currencies, up to the U.S. dollar equivalent of $75 million. We have an expansion option to increase the commitments under the Facility or enter into incremental term loans, subject to certain conditions, by up to an additional $200 million upon receipt of additional commitments from new or existing lenders. Subject to certain exceptions, the Facility is secured by substantially all of our assets and the assets of our domestic subsidiaries and by a pledge of substantially all of the capital stock of our domestic subsidiaries and 65% of the capital stock of our direct foreign subsidiaries. Additionally, subject to certain exceptions, our domestic subsidiaries also guarantee the repayment of all amounts due under the Credit Agreement. If an event of default occurs and is continuing, on the terms and subject to the conditions set forth in the Credit Agreement, amounts outstanding under the Facility may be accelerated and may become or be declared immediately due and payable. Borrowings under the Facility are used for refinancing existing debt, working capital, capital expenditures, acquisitions, share repurchases and other general corporate purposes.

Amounts borrowed under the Credit Agreement bear interest, at our option, at a rate equal to either (1) the Alternate Base Rate (as defined in the Credit Agreement), plus an applicable margin ranging from 0.00% to 0.75%; or (2) Adjusted LIBO Rate (as defined in the Credit Agreement) plus an applicable margin ranging from 1.00% to 1.75%. Once LIBOR is no longer available, we will amend the Credit Agreement to transition from LIBOR to the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) or will elect the Alternate Base Rate. The applicable margin is determined based on our consolidated leverage ratio (“Leverage Ratio”) which is defined in the Credit Agreement as Consolidated Total Indebtedness (as defined in the Credit Agreement) divided by Consolidated EBITDA (as defined in the Credit Agreement). Letters of credit issued under the Facility are subject to a letter of credit fee of 1.00% to 1.75% for non-performance letters of credit or 0.50% to 0.875% for performance letters of credit, based on our consolidated Leverage Ratio. We are subject to a commitment fee of 0.15% to 0.25%, based on our consolidated Leverage Ratio, on any unused portion of the Facility. The Credit Agreement restricts certain types of payments when our consolidated Leverage Ratio exceeds 2.50 or our consolidated Liquidity (as defined in the Credit Agreement) is less than $50 million.

Under the Credit Agreement, we are subject to certain financial covenants and are limited to a maximum consolidated Leverage Ratio of 3.0 and a minimum interest coverage ratio of 3.0. The minimum interest coverage ratio is defined in the Credit Agreement as Consolidated EBITDA (as defined in the Credit Agreement) divided by interest expense (as defined in the Credit Agreement). The Credit Agreement also contains a number of covenants, including limitations on asset sales, investments, indebtedness and liens. We were in compliance with all of the financial covenants under the Credit Agreement as of December 31, 2022.

As of December 31, 2022 we had $12.9 million debt outstanding under the Facility. We had no debt outstanding under the Facility as of December 31, 2021.

Letters of Credit

Some of our vendors require letters of credit to ensure reimbursement for amounts they are disbursing on our behalf, such as to beneficiaries under our insurance programs. In addition, from time to time certain customers require us to post letters of credit to ensure payment to our subcontractors and vendors and guarantee performance under our contracts. Such letters of credit are generally issued by a bank or similar financial institution typically pursuant to our senior credit facility. Each letter of credit commits the issuer to pay specified amounts to the holder of the letter of credit if the holder claims that we have failed to perform specified actions. If this were to occur, we would be required to reimburse the issuer of the letter of credit. Depending on the circumstances of such a reimbursement, we may also have to record a charge to earnings for the reimbursement.

As of December 31, 2022, and 2021 we had $12.8 million and $12.3 million, respectively, in nonperformance letters of credit outstanding under our Credit Agreement which were almost entirely related to the Company's payment obligation under its insurance programs. These are irrevocable, standby letters of credit with maturities expiring at various times throughout 2023. We expect to renew the letters of credit related to the insurance programs for subsequent one-year periods upon their maturity. We are not aware of any claims currently asserted or threatened under any of these letters of credit that are material, individually or in the aggregate. However, to the extent payment is required for any of such claims, the amount paid could be material and could adversely affect cash flows.

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Equipment Notes

We have entered into multiple Master Loan Agreements with multiple banks. The Master Loan Agreements may be used for financing of equipment between us and the lenders pursuant to one or more equipment notes (“Equipment Notes”). Each Equipment Note constitutes a separate, distinct and independent financing of equipment and contractual obligation.

As of December 31, 2022, we had two outstanding Equipment Notes collateralized by equipment and vehicles owned by us. As of December 31, 2022, we also had one other equipment note outstanding collateralized by a vehicle owned by us. The outstanding balance of all Equipment Notes was $27.6 million as of December 31, 2022, of which $5.1 million was due in the next twelve months. As of December 31, 2021, we had one outstanding Equipment Note collateralized by equipment and vehicles owned by us. The outstanding balance of these Equipment Notes was $4.5 million as of December 31, 2021, of which $1.0 million was due in the next twelve months.

Lease Obligations

From time to time, the Company enters into non-cancelable leases for some of our facility, vehicle and equipment needs. These leases allow the Company to conserve cash by paying a monthly lease rental fee for the use of facilities, vehicles and equipment rather than purchasing them. The Company’s leases have remaining terms ranging from one to seven years, some of which may include options to extend the leases for up to five years, and some of which may include options to terminate the leases within one year. Typically, the Company has purchase options on the equipment underlying its long-term leases and many of its short-term rental arrangements. The Company may exercise some of these purchase options when the need for equipment is ongoing and the purchase option price is attractive.

The outstanding balance of operating lease obligations was $30.5 million as of December 31, 2022. As of December 31, 2022, we had outstanding short-term and long-term operating lease obligations of approximately $9.7 million and $20.8 million, respectively. The outstanding balance of operating lease obligations was $21.0 million as of December 31, 2021. As of December 31, 2021, we had outstanding short-term and long-term operating lease obligations of approximately $7.8 million and $13.2 million, respectively.

As of December 31, 2022, we had $3.4 million outstanding finance lease obligations, consisting of short-term and long-term finance lease obligations of approximately $1.1 million and $2.3 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2021, we had no outstanding finance lease obligations.

Purchase Commitments for Construction Equipment

As of December 31, 2022, we had approximately $14.1 million in outstanding purchase obligations for certain construction equipment to be paid with cash outlays scheduled to occur over the first four months of 2023.

Performance and Payment Bonds and Parent Guarantees

Many customers, particularly in connection with new construction, require us to post performance and payment bonds issued by a financial institution known as a surety. These bonds provide a guarantee to the customer that we will perform under the terms of a contract and that we will pay subcontractors and vendors. If we fail to perform under a contract or to pay subcontractors and vendors, the customer may demand that the surety make payments or provide services under the bond. We must reimburse our sureties for any expenses or outlays they incur. Under our continuing indemnity and security agreements with our sureties, with the consent of our lenders under the Credit Agreement, we have granted security interests in certain of our assets to collateralize our obligations to the surety. We may be required to post letters of credit or other collateral in favor of the surety or our customers. Posting letters of credit in favor of the surety or our customers reduces the borrowing availability under the Credit Agreement. To date, we have not been required to make any reimbursements to any of our sureties for bond-related costs. We believe that it is unlikely that we will have to fund significant claims under our surety arrangements. As of December 31, 2022, an aggregate of approximately $1.97 billion in original face amount of bonds issued by our sureties were outstanding. Our estimated remaining cost to complete these bonded projects was approximately $880.2 million as of December 31, 2022.

From time to time we guarantee the obligations of our wholly-owned subsidiaries, including obligations under certain contracts with customers, certain lease agreements, and, in some states, obligations in connection with obtaining contractors’ licenses. Additionally, from time to time we are required to post letters of credit to guarantee the obligations of our wholly-owned subsidiaries, which reduces the borrowing availability under our credit facility.

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Concentration of Credit Risk

We grant trade credit under contractual payment terms, generally without collateral, to our customers, which include high credit quality electric utilities, governmental entities, general contractors and builders, owners and managers of commercial and industrial properties. Consequently, we are subject to potential credit risk related to changes in business and economic factors. However, we generally have certain statutory lien rights with respect to services provided. Under certain circumstances such as foreclosures or negotiated settlements, we may take title to the underlying assets in lieu of cash in settlement of receivables. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, none of our customers individually exceeded 10.0% of our accounts receivable.

New Accounting Pronouncements

For a discussion of recent accounting pronouncements, see Note 1 — Organization, Business and Significant Accounting Policies in the Notes to our Financial Statements.

Critical Accounting Policies

The discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based on our Financial Statements, which have been prepared in accordance with GAAP. The preparation of these Financial Statements requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities known to exist at the date of the Financial Statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. We evaluate our estimates on an ongoing basis, based on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. There can be no assurance that actual results will not differ from those estimates. We believe the following accounting policies affect our more significant judgments and estimates used in the preparation of our Financial Statements:

Revenue Recognition. We recognize revenue to depict the transfer of goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration that we expect to be entitled to in exchange for goods or services provided. Revenue associated with contracts with customers is recognized over time as our performance creates or enhances customer-controlled assets or creates or enhances an asset with no alternative use, for which we have an enforceable right to receive compensation as defined under the contract. To determine the amount of revenue to recognize over time, we estimate profit by determining the difference between total estimated revenue and total estimated cost of a contract. In addition, we estimate a cost accrual every quarter that represents unbilled invoicing activity for services performed by subcontractors and suppliers during the quarter, and estimate revenue from the contract cost portion of this accrual based on current gross margin rates to be consistent with our cost method of revenue recognition. The estimated value of unbilled amounts are determined using a regression analysis that estimates value based on our historical experience, and is adjusted for large individual projects. The profit and corresponding revenue is recognized over the contract term based on costs incurred under the cost-to-cost method. We utilized the cost-to-cost method as we believe cost incurred best represents the amount of work completed and remaining on our projects, and is the most common basis for computing percentage of completion in our industry. For purposes of recognizing revenue, we follow the five-step approach outlined in Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 606-10-25.

As the cost-to-cost method is driven by incurred cost, we calculate the percentage of completion by dividing costs incurred to date by the total estimated cost. The percentage of completion is then multiplied by estimated revenues to determine inception-to-date revenue. Revenue recognized for the period is the current inception-to-date recognized revenue less the prior period inception-to-date recognized revenue. If a contract is projected to result in a loss, the entire contract loss is recognized in the period when the loss was first determined and the amount of the loss is updated in subsequent reporting periods. Because our billings are based on contract terms and do not coincide with our progress in a project, revenue recognition also includes an amount related to our contract asset or contract liability. If the recognized revenue is greater than the amount billed to the customer, a contract asset is recorded. Additionally, the contract asset includes retainage billed to the customer that cannot be collected until the contract work has been completed and approved. Conversely, if the amount billed to the customer is greater than the recognized revenue, a contract liability is recorded. Additionally, the contract liability includes a liability for the excess of costs over revenues for all contracts that are in a loss position.

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Contract costs incurred to date and expected total contract costs are continuously monitored during the term of the contract. Changes in the job performance, job conditions and final contract settlements are factors that influence management’s assessment of total contract value and the total estimated costs to complete those contracts, and therefore, profit and revenue recognition. Additionally, we estimate costs to complete on fixed price contracts which are determined on an individual contract basis by evaluating each project’s status as of the balance sheet date, and using our historical experience with the level of effort required to complete the underlying project. Claims and change orders are also measured based on our historical experience with individual customers and similar contracts, and are evaluated by management individually. A change order is a modification to a contract that changes the provisions of the contract, typically resulting from changes in scope, specifications, design, manner of performance, facilities, equipment, materials, sites, or period of completion of the work under the contract. A claim is an amount in excess of the agreed-upon contract price that we seek to collect from our clients or others for client-caused delays, errors in specifications and designs, contract terminations, change orders that are either in dispute or are unapproved as to both scope and price, or other causes. We include these estimated amounts of variable consideration to the extent that it is probable there will not be a significant reversal of revenue. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, we recognized revenues of $19.6 million and $2.4 million, respectively, related to significant change orders and/or claims that had been included as contract price adjustments on certain contracts, some of which are multi-year projects.

Some of our contracts may have contract terms that include variable consideration such as safety or performance bonuses or liquidated damages. In accordance with ASC 606-10-32, we estimate the variable consideration using one of two methods. In contracts in which there is a binary outcome, the most likely amount method is used. In instances in which there is a range of possible outcomes, the expected value method is used. In accordance with ASC 606-10-32-11, we include the estimated amount of variable consideration in the transaction price only to the extent that it is probable that a significant reversal in the amount of cumulative recognized revenue will not occur when the final outcome of the variable consideration is determined. In contracts in which a significant reversal may occur, we use constraint in recognizing revenue on variable consideration. Although we often enter into contracts that contain liquidated damage clauses, we rarely incur them, and as such, we do not include amounts associated with liquidated damage clauses until it is probable that liquidated damages will occur. These items are continually monitored by multiple levels of management throughout the reporting period.

A portion of the work we perform requires financial assurances in the form of performance and payment bonds or letters of credit at the time of execution of the contract. Many of our contracts include retention provisions of up to 10%, which are generally withheld from each progress payment as retainage until the contract work has been completed and approved.

The accuracy of our revenue and profit recognition in a given period is dependent on the accuracy of our estimates of the cost to complete each project. Cost estimates for all of our significant projects use a detailed “bottoms up” approach and we believe our experience typically allows us to provide materially reliable estimates. There are a number of factors that can contribute to changes in estimates of contract cost and profitability. The most significant of these include, among others:

•the completeness and accuracy of the original bid;

•costs associated with scope changes, change orders or claims;

•costs of labor and/or materials;

•extended overhead due to owner, weather and other delays;

•subcontractor performance issues;

•changes in productivity expectations;

•site conditions that differ from those assumed in the original bid (to the extent contract remedies are unavailable);

•the availability and skill level of workers in the geographic location of the project; and

•a change in the availability and proximity of equipment and materials.

The foregoing factors as well as the stage of completion of contracts in process and the mix of contracts at different margins may cause fluctuations in gross profit between periods. During the year ended December 31, 2022, changes in estimates pertaining to certain projects decreased consolidated gross margin by 0.4%. During the year ended December 31, 2021, changes in estimates pertaining to certain projects increased consolidated gross margin by 0.4%. During the year ended December 31, 2020, changes in estimates pertaining to certain projects decreased consolidated gross margin by 0.8%.

We provide warranties to customers on a basis customary to the industry; however, the warranty period does not typically exceed one year. Historically, warranty claims have not been material.

Total revenues do not include sales tax as we consider ourselves a pass-through conduit for collecting and remitting sales taxes. Sales tax and value added tax collected from customers is included in other current liabilities on our consolidated balance sheets.

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Insurance. We carry insurance policies, which are subject to certain deductibles, for workers’ compensation, general liability, automobile liability and other coverages. Our deductible for each line of coverage is up to $1.0 million, except for wildfire coverage which has a deductible of $2.0 million. Certain health benefit plans are subject to stop-loss limits of up to $0.2 million, for qualified individuals. Losses up to the deductible and stop-loss amounts are accrued based upon our estimates of the ultimate liability for claims reported and an estimate of claims incurred but not yet reported.

The insurance and claims accruals are based on known facts, actuarial estimates and historical trends. While recorded accruals are based on the ultimate liability, which includes amounts in excess of the deductible, a corresponding receivable for amounts in excess of the deductible is included in current assets on our consolidated balance sheets.

Stock-Based Compensation. We determine compensation expense for stock-based awards based on the estimated fair values at the grant date and recognize the related compensation expense ratably over the vesting period. We use the straight-line amortization method to recognize compensation expense related to stock-based awards, such as restricted stock and restricted stock units, that have only service conditions. This method recognizes stock compensation expense on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period for the entire award. We recognize compensation expense related to performance awards that vest based on internal performance metrics and service conditions on a straight-line basis over the service period, but adjust inception-to-date expense based upon our determination of the expected achievement of the performance target at each reporting date which may vary from zero to 200% of the target performance awards. We recognize compensation expense related to performance awards with market-based performance metrics on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period. We recognize forfeitures as they occur. Shares issued under the Company’s stock-based compensation program are taken out of authorized but unissued shares.

Goodwill and Intangibles. Goodwill and intangible assets with indefinite lives are not amortized. Intangible assets with finite lives are amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives. We perform either a qualitative or quantitative assessment to review goodwill and intangible assets with indefinite lives for impairment on an annual basis. This assessment is performed at the beginning of the fourth quarter, or when circumstances change, such as a significant adverse change in the business climate or the decision to sell a business, both of which would indicate that impairment may have occurred. Intangible assets with finite lives are also reviewed for impairment and tested for recoverability whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable.

A qualitative assessment considers financial, industry, segment and macroeconomic factors, if the qualitative assessment indicates a potential for impairment, a quantitative assessment is performed to determine if impairment exists. The quantitative assessment begins with a comparison of the fair value of the reporting unit or intangible asset with its carrying value. If the carrying amount of the reporting unit or intangible asset exceeds its fair value, an impairment loss would be recognized in an amount equal to that excess, limited to the total amount of the goodwill allocated to the reporting unit or intangible asset. If the carrying value of goodwill or other indefinite lived assets exceeds its implied fair value, an impairment charge would be recorded in the statement of operations.

As a result of the annual qualitative review process in 2022 and 2020, we determined it was not necessary to perform a qualitative assessment. In 2021, we performed a quantitative assessment on our goodwill and intangible assets with indefinite lives, this assessment did not indicate that our goodwill or indefinite lived intangible assets were impaired.

Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts. We do not generally charge interest to our customers, and we carry our customer receivables at their face amounts, less an allowance for doubtful accounts. Based on our experience in recent years, the majority of customer balances at each balance sheet date are collected within twelve months. As is common practice in the industry, we classify all accounts receivable as current assets. The allowance for doubtful accounts associated with account receivables was $2.1 million as of December 31, 2022 and $2.4 million as of December 31, 2021.

We grant trade credit, on a non-collateralized basis (with the exception of lien rights against the property in certain cases) to our customers, and we are subject to potential credit risk related to changes in business and overall economic activity. We analyze specific accounts receivable balances, historical bad debts, customer credit-worthiness, current economic trends and changes in customer payment terms when evaluating the adequacy of the allowance for doubtful accounts. In the event that a customer balance is deemed to be uncollectible the account balance is written-off against the allowance for doubtful accounts.

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Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

We were not parties to any derivative instruments and had no derivative financial instruments during the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 or 2020.

Any borrowings under our Facility are based upon interest rates that will vary depending upon the prime rate, Canadian prime rate, federal funds effective rate, the NYFRB overnight bank funding rate, CDOR, and LIBOR (or any interest rate replacing LIBOR). If the prime rate, Canadian prime rate, federal funds effective rate, the NYFRB overnight bank funding rate, CDOR, or LIBOR (or any interest rate replacing LIBOR) rises, any interest payment obligations would increase and have a negative effect on our cash flow and financial condition. We currently do not maintain any hedging contracts that would limit our exposure to variable rates of interest when we have outstanding borrowings. As of December 31, 2022, we had $12.9 million of borrowings under our Facility. If market rates of interest on all our revolving debt as of December 31, 2022, which is subject to variable rates, permanently increased by 1%, the increase in interest expense on all revolving debt would decrease future income before provision for income taxes and cash flows by approximately $0.1 million annually. If market rates of interest on all our revolving debt, which is subject to variable rates as of December 31, 2022, permanently decreased by 1%, the decrease in interest expense on all debt would increase future income before provision for income taxes and cash flows by approximately $0.1 million annually.

Borrowings under our Equipment Notes are at fixed rates established on the date the note was executed.

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Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting 45

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm(1) 46

Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 49

Notes to Financial Statements 53

___________________________

(1)The report of MYR Group’s independent registered public accounting firm (PCAOB ID:173) with respect to the above-referenced financial statements and their report on internal control over financial reporting are included in Item 8 of this Form 10-K at the page number referenced above.

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Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act. Our internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of our Financial Statements for external purposes in accordance with GAAP. Internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that in reasonable detail accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the Company; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with GAAP, and that receipts and expenditures of the Company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the Company; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of the Company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, we have conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting based upon the criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework). Based on this evaluation, our management has concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2022 in providing reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external reporting purposes in accordance with GAAP.

Because of its inherent limitations, a system of internal control over financial reporting can provide only reasonable assurances and may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with policies and procedures may deteriorate.

Management’s assessment of and conclusion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2022 excluded the internal control over financial reporting of Powerline Plus Ltd. and its affiliate PLP Redimix Ltd. (collectively, the “Powerline Plus Companies"), which were acquired on January 4, 2022. The Powerline Plus Companies represented a total of approximately 3.2% and 1.1% of total out of scope assets and net assets, respectively as of December 31, 2022, and 2.6% and 6.7% of contract revenues and out of scope income before income taxes, respectively, for the year then ended. Such exclusion is in accordance with Securities and Exchange Commission guidance that the assessment of a recently acquired business may be omitted in management’s report on internal controls over financial reporting, provided the acquisition took place during the fiscal year being assessed.

Crowe LLP, the independent registered public accounting firm that audited and reported on the 2022 Financial Statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, has audited the effectiveness of MYR Group’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2022 and has issued an attestation report on MYR Group’s internal control over financial reporting which appears herein.

February 22, 2023

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Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

To the Shareholders and the Board of Directors of MYR Group Inc.

Thornton, CO

Opinions on the Financial Statements and Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of MYR Group Inc. (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the related consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income, shareholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2022, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “financial statements”). We also have audited the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2022, based on criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework: (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO).

In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2022, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Also in our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2022, based on criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework: (2013) issued by COSO.

Basis for Opinions

The Company’s management is responsible for these financial statements, for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements and an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud, and whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects.

Our audits of the financial statements included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. As permitted, the Company has excluded the operations of Powerline Plus Ltd. and its affiliate PLP Redimix Ltd. acquired during 2022, which is described in Note 2 of the consolidated financial statements, from the scope of management’s report on internal control over financial reporting. As such, it has also been excluded from the scope of our audit of internal control over financial reporting. Our audits also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinions.

Definition and Limitations of Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

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Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

Critical Audit Matter

The critical audit matters communicated below are matters arising from the current period audit of the financial statements that were communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relate to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matters below, providing separate opinions on the critical audit matters or on the accounts or disclosures to which they relate.

Evaluation of estimated costs to complete and variable consideration for fixed price construction contracts

As described in Note 1 of the Company’s consolidated financial statements, Organization, Business, and Significant Accounting Policies, and Note 12, Revenue Recognition, the Company recognizes revenue on fixed price construction projects over time using the cost-to-cost method. The amount of contract revenues and gross profit recognized on fixed price construction contracts is dependent on the contract price, the actual contract costs incurred, and the forecasted contract revenues and contract costs for construction projects. The recognition of revenue on fixed price construction contracts involves significant estimates due to the unique complexities of each construction project, uncertainty about estimates of costs to complete, and uncertainty in the outcome of discussions with customers on the valuation of change orders and claims. The Company measures progress towards completion using the cost-to-cost method, which measures the progress as the ratio of actual contract costs incurred to date to the estimated costs at completion. The Company recognizes revenue related to change orders only when it is probable that the change order will result in an addition to contract value and can be reliably estimated. The Company evaluates change orders and claims based on historical experience with the customer, similar contracts, and on an individual basis, which involves significant judgment. The Company recognizes these estimated amounts of variable consideration in transaction price to the extent that it is probable there will not be a significant reversal of revenue.

We identified auditing management’s estimates of variable consideration for change orders and claims and estimated costs to complete on select fixed price construction contracts to be a critical audit matter. The critical audit matter relates to select fixed price construction contracts, based on the magnitude of estimated costs to complete and the stage of completion of the contract. These estimates require management to make assumptions about future events and, as a result, a high degree of auditor judgment is involved in auditing these estimates. Due to the factors above, auditing management’s estimates of costs to complete and variable consideration required extensive audit procedures.

Our audit procedures to address the critical audit matter included the following:

–Tested the design, implementation, and operating effectiveness of controls that are designed to address the reasonableness of estimates of costs to complete contracts and estimates of variable consideration recognized on contracts;

–Evaluated the reasonableness of management’s estimates of cost to complete for a sample of fixed price construction contracts through testing the key components of the estimated costs to complete, including materials, labor, and subcontractor costs;

–Agreed a sample of contract costs incurred to supporting documentation;

–Performed inquiries of management and project personnel regarding facts and circumstances relevant to the accounting for such contracts;

–Recalculated revenue recognition based on the percentage of completion of projects;

–Evaluated variable consideration recognized related to construction projects by comparing estimates made by management to subsequent actual data, evaluating the contracts and other documents that support estimates made by management, and obtaining legal opinions from internal and external counsel; and

–Performed retrospective review procedures to assess management’s historical ability to accurately estimate the transaction price and cost to complete of construction contracts.

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Valuation of contingent earn-out consideration and customer relationships acquired associated with the acquisition of Powerline Plus Companies

As described in Note 2 to the financial statements, the Company completed the acquisition of Powerline Plus Ltd. and its affiliate PLP Redimix Ltd. (collectively, the “Powerline Plus Companies") in 2022 for total consideration of approximately $111.5 million, net of cash acquired. Total consideration included approximately $0.9 million of contingent earn-out consideration measured at fair value as of the acquisition date.Assets acquired included approximately $39.8 million of customer relationships (intangible assets) that were valued at fair value as of the acquisition date. Auditing the valuation of contingent earn-out consideration and customer relationships acquired involved a high degree of subjectivity. Significant auditor judgment was involved in evaluating the valuation methodology (used in estimating the contingent earn-out consideration and the significant assumptions used in the valuations of both the contingent earn-out consideration and customer relationships intangible asset. The estimatesincluded certain assumptions that involved a high degree of subjectivity and auditor judgment. As a result, extensive audit procedures were involved in auditing the estimates and significant assumptions.

Our audit procedures related to testing the valuation of contingent earn-out consideration and customer relationships acquiredincluded the following:

–Tested controls over the accounting for the acquisition, including controls over the recognition and measurement of customer relationships and contingent earn-out consideration;

–Read the purchase agreement and compared the terms of the purchase agreement to management’s application of purchase accounting for this acquisition;

–Evaluated the methods used in developing the fair value estimates and tested the recognition of the contingent earn-out consideration and customer relationships at fair value;

–Assessed whether all intangible assets were properly identified;

–Evaluated the reasonableness of the significant assumptions used in valuing the contingent earn-out considerations and customer relationships, including estimated revenue and revenue growth rates, attrition rate, income tax rate, projected profit margins, and discount rates. Specifically, we considered the past performance of the Powerline Plus Companies and considered whether significant assumptions used were consistent with evidence obtained in other areas of the audit;

–Assessed the terms of the contingent earn-out consideration, which included projected revenue and operating profit projection criteria; and

–Evaluated management’s classification of earn-out payments to continuing employees as either contingent consideration in the business combination or employee compensation.

/s/ Crowe LLP

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2017.

Oak Brook, Illinois

February 22, 2023

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MYR GROUP INC.

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

December 31,

(in thousands, except share and per share data) 2022 2021

ASSETS

Current assets

Prepaid expenses and other current assets 47,824 45,564

Receivable for insurance claims in excess of deductibles 34,210 32,443

LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

Current liabilities

Current portion of long-term debt $ 5,074 $ 1,039

Current portion of operating lease obligations 9,711 7,765

Current portion of finance lease obligations 1,127 —

Current portion of accrued self-insurance 28,752 24,242

Accrued income taxes — 2,021

Operating lease obligations, net of current maturities 20,845 13,230

Finance lease obligations, net of current maturities 2,313 —

Commitments and contingencies

Shareholders’ equity

Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (6,300) 173

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Financial Statements.

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MYR GROUP INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

Year ended December 31,

Gain on sale of property and equipment (2,378) (3,098) (2,813)

Other income (expense):

Less: net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest — (4) —

Income per common share attributable to MYR Group Inc.:

Other comprehensive income (loss):

Foreign currency translation adjustment (6,473) 150 469

Less: net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest — (4) —

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Financial Statements.

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MYR GROUP INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(in thousands) Shares Amount

Stock issued under compensation plans, net — 108 1 748 — — 749 — 749

Stock-based compensation expense — — — 5,688 — — 5,688 — 5,688

Other comprehensive income — — — — 469 — 469 — 469

Stock issued – other — 2 — 72 — — 72 — 72

Stock issued under compensation plans, net — 187 2 496 — — 498 — 498

Stock-based compensation expense — — — 7,496 — — 7,496 — 7,496

Other comprehensive income — — — — 150 — 150 — 150

Stock issued – other — 1 — 12 — — 12 — 12

Stock issued under compensation plans, net — 204 2 38 — — 40 — 40

Stock-based compensation expense — — — 7,922 — — 7,922 — 7,922

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Financial Statements.

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MYR GROUP INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

Year ended December 31,

Cash flows from operating activities:

Depreciation and amortization of property and equipment 49,161 43,894 42,867

Gain on sale of property and equipment (2,378) (3,098) (2,813)

Changes in operating assets and liabilities:

Receivable for insurance claims in excess of deductibles (14) (4,619) (1,511)

Cash flows from investing activities:

Proceeds from sale of property and equipment 1,990 3,062 3,429

Cash paid for acquisitions, net of cash acquired (110,660) — —

Cash flows from financing activities:

Net borrowings (repayments) under revolving lines of credit 12,915 — (103,820)

Payment of principal obligations under equipment notes (1,047) (24,917) (32,584)

Payment of principal obligations under finance leases (1,592) (336) (1,238)

Borrowings under equipment notes 24,184 — —

Proceeds from exercise of stock options 40 498 749

Repurchase of common stock (36,981) — —

Other financing activities — 12 13,249

Effect of exchange rate changes on cash (3,538) (410) 326

Cash and cash equivalents:

Supplemental Cash Flow Information:

Cash paid during the period for:

Noncash investing activities:

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Financial Statements.

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MYR GROUP INC.

NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

1. Organization, Business and Significant Accounting Policies

Organization and Business

MYR Group Inc. (the “Company”) is a holding company of specialty electrical construction service providers and is currently conducting operations through wholly-owned subsidiaries. The Company performs construction services in two business segments: Transmission and Distribution (“T&D”) and Commercial and Industrial (“C&I”). T&D customers include investor-owned utilities, cooperatives, private developers, government-funded utilities, independent power producers, independent transmission companies, industrial facility owners and other contractors. T&D provides a broad range of services on electric transmission, distribution networks, substation facilities and clean energy projects include design, engineering, procurement, construction, upgrade, maintenance and repair services. C&I customers include general contractors, commercial and industrial facility owners, government agencies and developers. C&I provides a broad range of services, which include design, installation, maintenance and repair of commercial and industrial wiring. Typical C&I contracts cover electrical contracting services for airports, hospitals, data centers, hotels, stadiums, commercial and industrial facilities, clean energy projects, manufacturing plants, processing facilities, water/waste-water treatment facilities, mining facilities, intelligent transportation systems, roadway lighting and signalization.

Significant Accounting Policies

Consolidation

The accompanying Financial Statements include the results of operations of the Company and its subsidiaries. Significant intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated. Certain reclassifications were made to prior year amounts to conform to the current year presentation.

Revenue Recognition

The Company recognizes revenue to depict the transfer of goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to be entitled to in exchange for goods or services provided. Revenue associated with contracts with customers is recognized over time as the Company’s performance creates or enhances customer-controlled assets or creates or enhances an asset with no alternative use, for which the Company has an enforceable right to receive compensation as defined under the contract. To determine the amount of revenue to recognize over time, the Company estimates profit by determining the difference between total estimated revenue and total estimated cost of a contract. In addition, the Company estimates a cost accrual every quarter that represents unbilled invoicing activity for services performed by subcontractors and suppliers during the quarter, and estimates revenue from the contract cost portion of this accrual based on current gross margin rates to be consistent with its cost method of revenue recognition. The estimated value of unbilled amounts are determined using a regression analysis that estimates value based on the Company’s historical experience, and is adjusted for large individual projects. The profit and corresponding revenue is recognized over the contract term based on costs incurred under the cost-to-cost method. The Company utilizes the cost-to-cost method as it believes cost incurred best represents the amount of work completed and remaining on projects, and is the most common basis for computing percentage of completion in the industry. For purposes of recognizing revenue, the Company follows the five-step approach outlined in Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 606-10-25.

As the cost-to-cost method is driven by incurred cost, the Company calculates the percentage of completion by dividing costs incurred to date by the total estimated cost. The percentage of completion is then multiplied by estimated revenues to determine inception-to-date revenue. Revenue recognized for the period is the current inception-to-date recognized revenue less the prior period inception-to-date recognized revenue. If a contract is projected to result in a loss, the entire contract loss is recognized in the period when the loss was first determined and the amount of the loss is updated in subsequent reporting periods. Because the Company’s billings are based on contract terms and do not coincide with our progress in a project, revenue recognition also includes an amount related to a contract asset or contract liability. If the recognized revenue is greater than the amount billed to the customer, a contract asset is recorded. Additionally, the contract asset includes retainage billed to the customer that cannot be collected until the contract work has been completed and approved. Conversely, if the amount billed to the customer is greater than the recognized revenue, a contract liability is recorded. Additionally, the contract liability includes a liability for the excess of costs over revenues for all contracts that are in a loss position.

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Contract costs incurred to date and expected total contract costs are continuously monitored during the term of the contract. Changes in the job performance, job conditions and final contract settlements are factors that influence management’s assessment of total contract value and the total estimated costs to complete those contracts, and therefore, profit and revenue recognition. Additionally, the Company estimates costs to complete on fixed price contracts which are determined on an individual contract basis by evaluating each project’s status as of the balance sheet date, and using our historical experience with the level of effort required to complete the underlying project. Claims and change orders are also measured based on our historical experience with individual customers and similar contracts, and are evaluated by management individually. A change order is a modification to a contract that changes the provisions of the contract, typically resulting from changes in scope, specifications, design, manner of performance, facilities, equipment, materials, sites, or period of completion of the work under the contract. A claim is an amount in excess of the agreed-upon contract price that the Company seeks to collect from its clients or others for client-caused delays, errors in specifications and designs, contract terminations, change orders that are either in dispute or are unapproved as to both scope and price, or other causes. The Company includes these estimated amounts of variable consideration to the extent that it is probable there will not be a significant reversal of revenue.

Some of the Company’s contracts may have contract terms that include variable consideration such as safety or performance bonuses or liquidated damages. In accordance with ASC 606-10-32, the Company estimates the variable consideration using one of two methods. In contracts in which there is a binary outcome, the most likely amount method is used. In instances in which there is a range of possible outcomes, the expected value method is used. In accordance with ASC 606-10-32-11, the Company includes the estimated amount of variable consideration in the transaction price only to the extent that it is probable that a significant reversal in the amount of cumulative recognized revenue will not occur when the final outcome of the variable consideration is determined. In contracts in which a significant reversal may occur, the Company uses constraint in recognizing revenue on variable consideration. Although the Company often enters into contracts that contain liquidated damage clauses, the Company rarely incurs them, and as such, the Company does not include amounts associated with liquidated damage clauses until it is probable that liquidated damages will occur. These items are continually monitored by multiple levels of management throughout the reporting period.

A portion of the work the Company performs requires financial assurances in the form of performance and payment bonds or letters of credit at the time of execution of the contract. Many of the Company’s contracts include retention provisions of up to 10%, which are generally withheld from each progress payment as retainage until the contract work has been completed and approved.

The Company provides warranties to customers on a basis customary to the industry; however, the warranty period does not typically exceed one year. Historically, warranty claims have not been material to the Company.

Total revenues do not include sales tax as the Company considers itself a pass-through conduit for collecting and remitting sales taxes. Sales tax collected from customers is included in other current liabilities on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets.

Joint Ventures and Noncontrolling Interests

The Company accounts for investments in joint ventures using the proportionate consolidation method for income statement reporting and under the equity method for balance sheet reporting, unless the Company has a controlling interest causing the joint venture to be consolidated with equity owned by other joint venture partners recorded as noncontrolling interests. Under the proportionate consolidation method, joint venture activity is allocated to the appropriate line items found on the consolidated statements of operations in proportion to the percentage of participation the Company has in the joint venture. During the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, the Company recognized its proportionate share of joint venture revenues of $11.3 million, $26.1 million, and $27.2 million, respectively. Under the equity method the net investment in joint ventures is stated as a single item on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. If an investment in a joint venture contains a recourse or unfunded commitments to provide additional equity, distributions and/or losses in excess of the investment a liability is recorded in other current liabilities on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. For joint ventures which the Company does not have a controlling interest, the Company’s share of any profits and assets and its share of any losses and liabilities are recognized based on the Company’s stated percentage partnership interest in the joint venture, and are normally recorded by the Company one month in arrears. The investments in joint ventures are recorded at cost and the carrying amounts are adjusted to recognize the Company’s proportionate share of cumulative income or loss, additional contributions made and dividends and capital distributions received. The Company records the effect of any impairment or any other-than-temporary decrease in the value of the joint venture investment as incurred, which may or may not be one month in arrears, depending on when the Company obtains the joint venture activity information. Additionally, the Company continually assesses the fair value of its investment in unconsolidated joint ventures despite using information that is one month in arrears for regular reporting purposes. The Company includes only its percentage ownership of each joint venture in its backlog.

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Foreign Currency

The functional currency for the Company’s Canadian operations is the Canadian dollar. Assets and liabilities denominated in Canadian dollars are translated into U.S. dollars at the end-of-period exchange rate. Revenues and expenses are translated using average exchange rates for the periods reported. Equity accounts are translated at historical rates. Cumulative translation adjustments are included as a separate component of accumulated other comprehensive income in shareholders’ equity. Foreign currency transaction gains and losses, arising primarily from changes in exchange rates on short-term monetary assets and liabilities, and intercompany loans that are not deemed long-term investment accounts are recorded in the “other income (expense), net” line on the Company’s consolidated statements of operations. Foreign currency losses, recorded in other income (expense), net, for the year ended December 31, 2022, were not significant. Foreign currency translation gains and losses, arising from intercompany loans that are deemed long-term investment accounts are recorded in the foreign currency translation adjustment line on the Company’s consolidated statements of comprehensive income.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and revenues and expenses during the period reported. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

The most significant estimates are related to estimates of costs to complete on contracts, pending change orders and claims, shared savings, insurance reserves, income tax reserves, estimates surrounding stock-based compensation, acquisition-related contingent earn-out consideration liabilities, the recoverability of goodwill and intangibles and allowance for doubtful accounts. The Company estimates a cost accrual every period that represents costs incurred but not invoiced for services performed or goods delivered during the period, and estimates revenue from the contract cost portion of these accruals based on current gross margin rates to be consistent with its cost method of revenue recognition.

As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company recognized revenues of $19.6 million and $2.4 million, respectively, related to significant change orders and/or claims that had been included as contract price adjustments on certain contracts, some of which are multi-year projects. These change orders and/or claims are in the process of being negotiated in the normal course of business, and a portion of these recognized revenues had been included in multiple periods. These aggregate amounts, which were included in “Contract assets” in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets, represent the Company’s estimates of additional contract revenues that were earned and probable of collection, however, the amount ultimately realized could be significantly higher or lower than the estimated amount.

The cost-to-cost method of accounting requires the Company to make estimates about the expected revenue and gross profit on each of its contracts in process. During the year ended December 31, 2022, changes in estimates pertaining to certain projects decreased consolidated gross margin by 0.4%, which resulted in decreases in operating income of $9.8 million, net income of $6.9 million and diluted earnings per common share attributable to MYR Group Inc. of $0.41. The estimates are reviewed and revised quarterly, as needed.

During the year ended December 31, 2021, changes in estimates pertaining to certain projects increased consolidated gross margin by 0.4%, which resulted in increases in operating income of $9.2 million, net income of $6.6 million and diluted earnings per common share attributable to MYR Group Inc. of $0.39.

During the year ended December 31, 2020, changes in estimates pertaining to certain projects decreased consolidated gross margin by 0.8%, which resulted in decreases in operating income of $18.0 million, net income attributable to MYR Group Inc. of $12.8 million and diluted earnings per common share attributable to MYR Group Inc. of $0.76.

Advertising

Advertising costs are expensed when incurred. Advertising costs, included in selling, general and administrative expenses, were $1.2 million, $0.8 million and $0.7 million for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

Income Taxes

The Company follows the liability method of accounting for income taxes. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recorded for future tax consequences of temporary differences between the financial reporting and tax basis of assets and liabilities, and are measured using the enacted tax rates and laws that are expected to be in effect when the underlying assets or liabilities are recovered or settled. The Company also evaluates whether the recorded deferred tax assets and valuation allowances can be realized and, when necessary, reduces the amounts to what is expected to be realized.

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Interest and penalties related to uncertain income tax positions are included in income tax expense on the Company’s consolidated statements of operations. Interest and penalties actually incurred are charged to the interest expense and the “other income (expense), net” line, respectively.

Stock-Based Compensation

The Company determines compensation expense for stock-based awards based on the estimated fair values at the grant date and recognize the related compensation expense over the vesting period. The Company uses the straight-line amortization method to recognize compensation expense related to stock-based awards, such as restricted stock and restricted stock units, that have only service conditions. This method recognizes stock compensation expense on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period for the entire award. The Company recognizes compensation expense related to performance awards that vest based on internal performance metrics and service conditions on a straight-line basis over the service period, but adjust inception-to-date expense based upon our determination of the potential achievement of the performance target at each reporting date. The Company recognizes compensation expense related to performance awards with market-based performance metrics on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period. The Company recognizes forfeitures as they occur. Shares issued under the Company’s stock-based compensation program are taken out of authorized but unissued shares.

Earnings Per Share

The Company computes earnings per share using the treasury stock method. Under the treasury stock method, basic earnings per share attributable to MYR Group Inc. are computed by dividing net income attributable to MYR Group Inc. by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per share attributable to MYR Group Inc. are computed by dividing net income attributable to MYR Group Inc. by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period plus all potentially dilutive common stock equivalents, except in cases where the effect of the common stock equivalent would be anti-dilutive.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

The Company considers all highly liquid investments purchased with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company held its cash in checking accounts or in highly liquid money market funds. The Company’s banking arrangements allow the Company to fund outstanding checks when presented to financial institutions for payment. The Company funds all intraday bank balances overdrafts during the same business day. Checks issued and outstanding in excess of bank balance are recorded in accounts payable on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets and are reflected as a financing activity on the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.

Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

The Company does not charge interest to its customers and carries its customer receivables at their face amounts, net of contract retainage, less an allowance for doubtful accounts. Based on the Company’s experience in recent years, the majority of customer balances at each balance sheet date are collected within twelve months. As is common practice in the industry, the Company classifies all accounts receivable as current assets.

The Company grants trade credit, on a non-collateralized basis (with the exception of lien rights against the property in certain cases), to its customers and is subject to potential credit risk related to changes in business and overall economic activity. The Company analyzes specific accounts receivable balances, historical bad debts, customer credit-worthiness, current economic trends and changes in customer payment terms when evaluating the adequacy of the allowance for doubtful accounts. In the event that a customer balance is deemed to be uncollectible, the account balance is written-off against the allowance for doubtful accounts.

Classification of Contract Assets and Liabilities

The Company recognizes revenue associated with its contracts with customers over time, for which the Company has an enforceable right to receive compensation. Many of our contracts contain specific provisions that determine when the Company can bill for its work performed under these contracts.

Any revenue earned on a contract that has not yet been billed to the customer is recorded as a contract asset on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. Contract retainages associated with contract work that has been completed and billed but not paid by its customers until the contracts are substantially complete, pursuant to contract retainage provisions under the contract, are also included in contract assets.

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The Company’s consolidated balance sheets present contract liabilities that contain deferred revenue that represent any costs incurred on contracts in process for which revenue has not yet been recognized. Additionally, accruals for contracts in a loss provision are included in contract liabilities.

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment is carried at cost, except for assets acquired in a business combination which are recorded at fair value at the date of acquisition. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over estimated useful lives. Major modifications or refurbishments which extend the useful life of the assets are capitalized and depreciated over the adjusted remaining useful life of the assets. Upon retirement or disposition of property and equipment, the cost and related accumulated depreciation are removed and any resulting gain or loss is recognized in income from operations. The cost of maintenance and repairs is charged to expense as incurred. Property and equipment is reviewed for impairment and tested for recoverability whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. If the carrying value of property and equipment exceeds its fair value, an impairment charge would be recorded in the statement of operations.

Leases

The Company enters into non-cancelable leases for some of our facility, vehicle and equipment needs. These leases allow the Company to conserve cash by paying a monthly lease rental fee for the use of facilities, vehicles and equipment rather than purchasing them. The Company’s leases have remaining terms ranging from one to seven years, some of which may include options to extend the leases for up to five years, and some of which may include options to terminate the leases within one year. Currently, all the Company’s leases contain fixed payment terms. The Company may decide to cancel or terminate a lease before the end of its term, in which case we are typically liable to the lessor for the remaining lease payments under the term of the lease. Additionally, all of the Company’s month-to-month leases are cancelable, by the Company or the lessor, at any time and are not included in our right-of-use asset or liability. As of December 31, 2022, the Company had several leases with residual value guarantees. The total amount probable of being owed of residual leases guarantees is not significant. Typically, the Company has purchase options on the equipment underlying its long-term leases and many of its short-term rental arrangements. The Company may exercise some of these purchase options when the need for equipment is ongoing and the purchase option price is attractive. Nonperformance-related default covenants, cross-default provisions, subjective default provisions and material adverse change clauses contained in material lease agreements, if any, are also evaluated to determine whether those clauses affect lease classification in accordance with ASC Topic 842-10-25. Leases are accounted for as operating or finance leases, depending on the terms of the lease.

Finance Leases. The Company leases some vehicles and certain equipment under finance leases. The economic substance of the leases is a financing transaction for acquisition of the vehicles and equipment. Accordingly, the right-of-use assets for these leases are included on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets in property and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation, with a corresponding amount recorded in current portion of finance lease obligations or finance lease obligations, net of current maturities, as appropriate. The finance lease assets are amortized over the life of the lease or, if shorter, the life of the leased asset, on a straight-line basis and included in depreciation expense. The financing component associated with finance lease obligations is included in interest expense. Generally, for the Company’s finance leases an implicit rate to calculate present value is provided in the lease agreement. However, if a rate in not provided the Company determines this rate by estimating the Company’s incremental borrowing rate, utilizing the borrowing rates associated with the Company’s various debt instruments.

Operating Right-of-Use Leases. Operating right-of-use leases are included in operating lease right-of-use assets, current portion of operating lease obligations and operating lease obligations, net of current maturities on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets, as appropriate. Operating lease right-of-use assets and operating lease liabilities are recognized based on the present value of the future minimum lease payments over the lease term at commencement date. As most of the Company’s leases do not provide an implicit rate to calculate present value, the Company determines this rate by estimating the Company’s incremental borrowing rate, utilizing the borrowing rates associated with the Company’s various debt instruments. The operating lease right-of-use asset also includes any lease payments made and initial direct costs incurred and excludes lease incentives. Our lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease, which are considered in the present value calculations when it is reasonably certain we will exercise those options.

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Insurance

The Company carries insurance policies, which are subject to certain deductibles, for workers’ compensation, general liability, automobile liability and other coverages. The deductible for each line of coverage is up to $1.0 million, except for wildfire coverage which has a deductible of $2.0 million. Certain health benefit plans are subject to a stop-loss limit of up to $0.2 million, for qualified individuals. Losses up to the deductible amounts are accrued based upon the Company’s estimates of the ultimate liability for claims reported and an estimate of claims incurred but not yet reported.

The insurance and claims accruals are based on known facts, actuarial estimates and historical trends. While recorded accruals are based on the ultimate liability, which includes amounts in excess of the deductible, a corresponding receivable for amounts in excess of the deductible is included in current assets on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets.

Goodwill and Intangible Assets

Goodwill and intangible assets with indefinite lives are not amortized. Intangible assets with finite lives are amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives. The Company performs either a qualitative or quantitative assessment to review goodwill and intangible assets with indefinite lives for impairment on an annual basis. This assessment is performed at the beginning of the fourth quarter, or when circumstances change, such as a significant adverse change in the business climate or the decision to sell a business, both of which would indicate that impairment may have occurred. Intangible assets with finite lives are also reviewed for impairment and tested for recoverability whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable.

A qualitative assessment considers financial, industry, segment and macroeconomic factors, if the qualitative assessment indicates a potential for impairment, a quantitative assessment is performed to determine if impairment exists. The quantitative assessment begins with a comparison of the fair value of the reporting unit or intangible asset with its carrying value. If the carrying amount of the reporting unit or intangible asset exceeds its fair value, an impairment loss would be recognized in an amount equal to that excess, limited to the total amount of the goodwill allocated to the reporting unit or intangible asset. If the carrying value of goodwill or other indefinite lived assets exceeds its implied fair value, an impairment charge would be recorded in the statement of operations.

As a result of the annual qualitative review process in 2022 and 2020, the Company determined it was not necessary to perform a quantitative assessment. In 2021, the Company performed a quantitative assessment on goodwill and intangible assets with indefinite lives, this assessment did not indicate that the Company’s goodwill or indefinite lived intangible assets were impaired.

Concentrations

Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to a concentration of credit risk consist principally of cash and cash equivalents and accounts receivable. The Company maintains substantially all of its cash and cash equivalent balances with large financial institutions which are believed to be high quality institutions.

The Company is subject to a concentration of risk because it derives a significant portion of its revenues from a few customers. The Company’s top ten customers accounted for approximately 35.4%, 34.9%, and 32.7% of consolidated revenues for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively. For the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, no single customer accounted for more than 10.0% of annual revenues.

The Company grants trade credit under contractual payment terms, generally without collateral, to its customers, which include high credit quality electric utilities, governmental entities, general contractors and builders, owners and managers of commercial and industrial properties. Consequently, the Company is subject to potential credit risk related to changes in business and economic factors. However, the Company generally has certain statutory lien rights with respect to services provided. Under certain circumstances such as foreclosures or negotiated settlements, the Company may take title to the underlying assets in lieu of cash in settlement of receivables. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, none of the Company’s customers individually exceeded 10.0% of accounts receivable. The Company believes the terms and conditions in its contracts, billing and collection policies are adequate to minimize the potential credit risk.

As of December 31, 2022, approximately 86% of the Company’s craft labor employees were covered by collective bargaining agreements. Although the majority of these agreements prohibit strikes and work stoppages, the Company cannot be certain that strikes or work stoppages will not occur in the future.

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Canadian Emergency Wage Subsidy (CEWS)

In 2020 and 2021, certain C&I segment Canadian operations of the Company qualified for and applied for a wage subsidy under the Canada Emergency Wage Subsidy (“CEWS”) program. Payroll subsidies received under CEWS totaled $2.3 million and were initially recorded in the "other current liabilities" line on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. Once the qualification criteria was met in 2022, these funds were recorded to the “other income (expense), net” line on the Company’s consolidated statements of operations. The Company does not have any outstanding applications for further government assistance.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Changes to GAAP are typically established by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) in the form of accounting standards updates (“ASUs”) to the FASB’s Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”). The Company considers the applicability and impact of all ASUs. The Company, based on its assessment, determined that any recently issued or proposed ASUs not listed below are either not applicable to the Company or may have minimal impact on its Financial Statements.

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

In October 2021, the FASB issued ASU No. 2021-08, Business Combinations (Topic 805) Accounting for Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities from Contracts with Customers, which is intended to improve the accounting for acquired revenue contracts with customers in a business combination by addressing diversity in practice and inconsistency related to the recognition of an acquired contract liability and payment terms and their effect on subsequent revenue recognized by the acquirer. Under the new guidance the acquirer is required to recognize contract assets and contract liabilities acquired in a business combination in accordance with Topic 606 as if the acquirer had originated the contracts. The update is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted, including in an interim period, for any period for which financial statements have not yet been issued. However, adoption in an interim period other than the first fiscal quarter requires an entity to apply the new guidance to all prior business combinations that have occurred since the beginning of the annual period in which the new guidance is adopted. The Company adopted this ASU in January 2022 and there was no material effect on the consolidated financial statements or disclosures.

2. Acquisition

Powerline Plus Ltd

On January 4, 2022, the Company acquired all issued and outstanding shares of capital stock of Powerline Plus Ltd. and its affiliate PLP Redimix Ltd. (collectively, the “Powerline Plus Companies"), a full-service electrical distribution construction company based in Toronto, Ontario. Cash consideration paid, funded through a combination of cash on hand and borrowings under the Facility (as defined below), including $0.1 million of net asset and other adjustments, was $110.7 million, net of cash acquired. The addition of the Powerline Plus Companies expanded our distribution operations in Ontario, Canada.

Additionally, the acquisition includes contingent earn-out consideration that may be payable if the Powerline Plus Companies achieve certain performance targets over a three-year post-acquisition period. As of the acquisition date, the fair value of the contingent earn-out consideration was $0.9 million. The future payout of the contingent earn-out consideration, if any, is unlimited and could be significantly higher than the acquisition date fair value. If the minimum thresholds of the performance targets are achieved the contingent earn-out consideration payment will be approximately $16.6 million. Changes in contingent earn-out consideration, subsequent to the acquisition, of approximately $0.7 million were recorded in other income, for the year ended December 31, 2022. The results of the Powerline Plus Companies are included in the Company’s consolidated financial statements beginning on the transaction date. During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company recognized approximately $0.5 million, of acquisition-related costs associated with this acquisition.

The purchase agreement also includes contingent consideration provisions for down-side margin guarantee adjustments based upon certain contract performance subsequent to the acquisition. The contracts were valued at fair value at the acquisition date, causing no margin guarantee estimate or adjustments for fair value. Unfavorable changes in contract estimates, such as modified costs to complete or change order recognition, will result in changes to these margin guarantee estimates. No changes in margin guarantee adjustments on contracts, subsequent to the acquisition, have been recorded for the year ended December 31, 2022. Future margin guarantee adjustments, if any, will be recognized in other income in 2023.

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The following table summarizes the allocation of the opening balance sheet as of the date of the Powerline Plus Companies acquisition:

Contingent consideration - fair value at acquisition date 10,608 (9,743) 865

Net asset and other adjustments 563 (479) 84

Cash and cash equivalents $ 3,853 $ — $ 3,853

Prepaid expenses and other current assets 1,233 (121) 1,112

Current portion of operating lease obligations (1,224) — (1,224)

Current portion of finance lease obligations (1,492) — (1,492)

Operating lease obligations, net of current maturities (4,897) — (4,897)

Finance lease obligations, net of current maturities (3,243) — (3,243)

The following table summarizes the estimated fair values of identifiable intangible assets and the related weighted average amortization periods as of the acquisition date of the Powerline Plus Companies.

(in thousands) (in years)

Amortizable Intangible Assets

Below market lease 511 5.0

Total amortizable intangible assets $ 44,275 14.9

Indefinite-lived Intangible Assets

Trade names 5,971 Indefinite

Total intangible assets $ 50,246

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The acquisition date fair values of intangible assets were determined using the income approach, which discounts the projected future cash flows using a discount rate that appropriately reflects the risks associated with the projected cash flows. Under the income approach, the acquisition date fair value of the customer relationships and backlog were estimated using a multi-period excess earnings valuation method and the acquisition date fair value of the trade names was estimated using a relief from royalty valuation method. The fair value of the acquired operating lease obligation and operating right of use asset was estimated by applying the income approach. The fair value of the operating lease obligation was determined by comparing the difference between the annual lease contract rent over the remaining contractual term to a market rate cash flow stream, discounted to the present value. The Company calculated the fair value of the operating right of use asset based on the fair values of the operating lease obligation adjusted for a below market lease positions. The contractual value of the acquired accounts receivable is equal to the fair market value.

The Company has developed estimates of fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed for the purposes of allocating the purchase price. During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company recorded certain measurement period adjustments related to various working capital, property and equipment, intangible asset and deferred tax accounts determined during our purchase price allocation procedures. The goodwill to be recognized, which represents the excess of the purchase price over the net amount of the fair values assigned to assets acquired and liabilities assumed, is primarily attributable to the value of an assembled workforce and other non-identifiable assets. No synergies were anticipated in the acquisition as the Powerline Plus Companies will function as an individual business within the Company’s operating structure. Per applicable Canadian Revenue Authority regulations, $42.4 million of the goodwill and intangibles for tax purposes related to the acquisition of the Powerline Plus Companies will be tax deductible.

3. Contract Assets and Liabilities

Contracts with customers usually stipulate the timing of payment, which is defined by the terms found within the various contracts under which work was performed during the period. Therefore, contract assets and liabilities are created when the timing of costs incurred on work performed does not coincide with the billing terms, which frequently include retention provisions contained in each contract.

The Company’s consolidated balance sheets present contract assets, which contain unbilled revenue and contract retainages associated with contract work that has been completed and billed but not paid by customers, pursuant to retainage provisions, that are generally due once the job is completed and approved. The allowance for doubtful accounts associated with contract assets was $0.5 million as of December 31, 2022 and $0.4 million as of December 31, 2021.

Contract assets consisted of the following at December 31:

The Company’s consolidated balance sheets present contract liabilities which contain deferred revenue and an accrual for contracts in a loss provision.

Contract liabilities consisted of the following at December 31:

The following table provides information about contract assets and contract liabilities from contracts with customers at December 31:

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The difference between the opening and closing balances of the Company’s contract assets and contract liabilities primarily results from the timing of the Company’s billings in relation to its performance of work. The amounts of revenues recognized in the period that were included in the opening contract liability balances were $117.3 million and $116.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. This revenue consists primarily of work performed on previous billings to customers.

The net asset position for contracts in process consisted of the following at December 31:

Costs and estimated earnings on uncompleted contracts $ 5,390,535 $ 4,130,621

The net asset position for contracts in process is included within the contract asset and contract liability in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets as follows at December 31:

4. Lease Obligations

From time to time, the Company enters into non-cancelable leases for some of our facility, vehicle and equipment needs. These leases allow the Company to conserve cash by paying a monthly lease rental fee for the use of facilities, vehicles and equipment rather than purchasing them. The Company’s leases have remaining terms ranging from one to seven years, some of which may include options to extend the leases for up to five years, and some of which may include options to terminate the leases within one year. Currently, all the Company’s leases contain fixed payment terms. The Company may decide to cancel or terminate a lease before the end of its term, in which case we are typically liable to the lessor for the remaining lease payments under the term of the lease. Additionally, all of the Company's month-to-month leases are cancelable, by the Company or the lessor, at any time and are not included in our right-of-use asset or liability. At December 31, 2022, the Company had several leases with residual value guarantees. Typically, the Company has purchase options on the equipment underlying its long-term leases and many of its short-term rental arrangements. The Company may exercise some of these purchase options when the need for equipment is ongoing and the purchase option price is attractive. Leases are accounted for as operating or finance leases, depending on the terms of the lease.

The following is a summary of the lease-related assets and liabilities recorded:

(in thousands) Classification on the Consolidated Balance Sheet

Assets

Liabilities

Current

Finance lease obligations Current portion of finance lease obligations 1,127 —

Non-current

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The following is a summary of the lease terms and discount rates:

Weighted-average remaining lease term – finance leases 1.9 years 0.0 years

Weighted-average remaining lease term – operating leases 3.6 years 2.9 years

Weighted-average discount rate – finance leases 3.0 % — %

Weighted-average discount rate – operating leases 3.8 % 3.9 %

The following is a summary of certain information related to the lease costs for finance and operating leases:

Year ended December 31,

Lease cost:

Finance lease cost:

Amortization of right-of-use assets $ 1,138 $ —

Interest on lease liabilities 128 —

The following is a summary of other information and supplemental cash flow information related to finance and operating leases:

Year ended December 31,

Other information:

Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities

Operating cash flows from operating leases $ 13,287 $ 10,451

Information on operating and financing lease right of use assets and corresponding lease obligations acquired with the Powerline Plus Companies is provided in Note 2–Acquisitions to the Financial Statements.

The future undiscounted minimum lease payments, as reconciled to the discounted minimum lease obligation indicated on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets, under current portion of operating lease obligations and operating lease obligations, net of current maturities, as of December 31, 2022 were as follows:

Less: current portion of operating lease obligations (1,127) (9,711) (10,838)

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The financing component for operating lease obligations represents the effect of discounting the lease payments to their present value.

Certain subsidiaries of the Company have operating leases for facilities from third party companies that are owned, in whole or part, by employees of the subsidiaries. The terms and rental rates of these leases are at market rental rates. As of December 31, 2022, the minimum lease payments required under these leases totaled $7.1 million, which are due over the next 4.0 years.

5. Fair Value Measurements

The Company uses the three-tier hierarchy of fair value measurement, which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value based upon their degree of availability in external active markets. These tiers include: Level 1 (the highest priority), defined as observable inputs, such as quoted prices in active markets; Level 2, defined as inputs other than quoted prices in active markets that are either directly or indirectly observable; and Level 3 (the lowest priority), defined as unobservable inputs in which little or no market data exists, therefore requiring an entity to develop its own assumptions.

As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company determined that the carrying value of cash and cash equivalents approximated fair value based on Level 1 inputs. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the fair value of the Company’s long-term debt and finance lease obligations were based on Level 2 inputs. The Company’s long-term debt was based on variable and fixed interest rates at December 31, 2022 and 2021. Long-term debt, if any, with variable interest rates are based on rates for new issues with similar remaining maturities, and approximated carrying value. In addition, based on borrowing rates currently available to the Company for borrowings with similar terms, the carrying values of the Company’s long term debt with fixed interest rates also approximated fair value.

As of December 31, 2022, the fair values of the Company’s contingent earn-out consideration liability associated with the acquisition of the Powerline Plus Companies was based on Level 3 inputs. The contingent earn-out consideration recorded represents the estimated fair values of future amounts potentially payable to the former owners of the acquired Powerline Plus Companies and was initially determined using a Monte Carlo simulation valuation methodology based on probability-weighted performance projections and other inputs, including a discount rate and an expected volatility factor. The fair value of this contingent earn-out consideration liability will be evaluated on an ongoing basis by management. Accordingly, the level of inputs used for these fair value measurements is the lowest level (Level 3). Significant changes in any of these assumptions could result in a significantly higher or lower potential liability.

6. Accounts Receivable

Accounts receivable consisted of the following at December 31:

Less: allowance for doubtful accounts (2,073) (2,441)

The roll-forward of activity in the allowance for doubtful accounts was as follows for the years ended December 31:

Less: reduction in (provision for) allowances 320 (764) 1,296

Less: write offs, net of recoveries 45 19 375

Change in foreign currency translation (3) — 3

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7. Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets

Prepaid expense and other current assets consisted of the following at December 31:

8. Property and Equipment

Property and equipment consisted of the following at December 31:

(dollars in thousands) Estimated Useful Life in Years 2022 2021

Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization (351,753) (322,128)

Construction equipment includes assets under finance leases — see additional information provided in Note 4 — Lease Obligations to the Financial Statements.

Depreciation and amortization expense of property and equipment for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 was $49.2 million, $43.9 million and $42.9 million, respectively.

9. Goodwill and Intangible Assets

Goodwill and intangible assets consisted of the following at December 31:

Goodwill

Amortizable Intangible Assets

Indefinite-lived Intangible Assets

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The increase in goodwill as of December 31, 2022 compared to December 31, 2021 was primarily due to the allocation of $53.0 million of goodwill related to the acquisition of the Powerline Plus Companies identified during the purchase accounting. The increase in intangible assets also related to the acquisition of the Powerline Plus Companies and are being amortized on a straight-line basis over periods ranging up to 15 years. Additional financial information related to this acquisition is provided in Note 2–Acquisitions to the Financial Statements.

Customer relationships, amortizable trade names and backlog are being amortized on a straight-line method over an estimated useful life ranging up to 15 years and the remaining life of the contract, respectively, and have been determined to have no residual value. Certain trade names have indefinite lives and, therefore, are not being amortized. Intangible asset amortization expense was $9.0 million, $2.3 million and $3.6 million for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

As of December 31, 2022, estimated future intangible asset amortization expense for the each of the next five years and thereafter was as follows:

(in thousands) Future Amortization Expense

10. Accrued Liabilities

Other current liabilities consisted of the following at December 31:

Payroll and incentive compensation $ 31,355 $ 46,485

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11. Debt

The table below reflects the Company’s total debt, including borrowings under its credit agreement and equipment notes:

Credit Agreement

Equipment Notes

Less: current portion of long-term debt (5,074) (1,039)

Credit Agreement