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ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

You should read the following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations together with our consolidated financial statements and the related notes included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. This discussion and analysis and other parts of this Annual Report on Form 10-K contain forward-looking statements based upon current beliefs, plans and expectations related to future events and our future financial performance that involve risks, uncertainties and assumptions, such as statements regarding our intentions, plans, objectives, expectations, forecasts and projections. Our actual results and the timing of selected events could differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of several factors, including those set forth under Part I, Item 1A, “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Overview

We are a commercial-stage medical technology company that provides a minimally invasive treatment for patients with severe emphysema, a form of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Our solution, which is comprised of the Zephyr Valve, the Chartis System and the LungTraX Platform, is designed to treat severe emphysema patients who, despite medical management, are still profoundly symptomatic and either do not want or are ineligible for surgical approaches.

In 2018, we received pre-market approval from the FDA for the Zephyr Valve, following its “Breakthrough Technology” designation. The Zephyr Valve is commercially available in numerous countries globally. We have established reimbursement in major markets in North America, Europe and Asia Pacific and the Zephyr Valve has been included in treatment guidelines for COPD worldwide.

We also manufacture the AeriSeal System, which is a synthetic polymer foam designed to occlude, or close, collateral air channels in a target lung lobe and convert the target lung lobe to having little to no collateral ventilation (CV-). The AeriSeal System has received a “Breakthrough Device” designation by the FDA and a Certificate of Conformity (“CE Mark”) in Europe. The AeriSeal System is not approved by the FDA or approved for commercial sale in the United States. It is in a global clinical trial called CONVERT II to support a PMA application.

We market and sell our products in the United States through a direct sales organization. Our sales territory managers are focused on promoting awareness and increasing adoption of our solution primarily among the pulmonologists performing interventional pulmonary procedures across approximately 500 high-volume hospitals in the United States. We are expanding our commercial operations in the United States while continuing to foster our international growth. We employ both direct and distributor-based sales models, with 96% of our revenue generated in markets where we sell directly for the year ended December 31, 2024.

In the United States, our solution is reimbursed based on established Category I Current Procedural Terminology (“CPT”) and ICD-10 Procedure Coding System (“PCS”) codes and associated APC and MS-DRG payment groupings. Current reimbursement in the United States is believed to cover the hospital costs of the procedure and related inpatient care. Commercial payors such as Aetna, Humana, and many of the largest Blue Cross Blue Shield plans including Anthem, Health Care Service Corporation, BCBS Michigan, and Highmark have all issued positive coverage policies for the Zephyr Valve, and United Healthcare no longer considers the procedure unproven or experimental. Medicare covers our solution for patients when medically necessary, and other commercial insurers are approving prior authorization requests on a case-by-case basis. Outside the United States, our solution is covered by major health systems across much of Europe, Australia, South Korea and Japan.

We manufacture all our products at our headquarters located in Redwood City, California. This facility supports production and distribution operations, including manufacturing, quality control, raw material and finished goods storage. We have manufactured all our products at this facility for over ten years. We also store finished goods at secondary facilities. We seek to maintain higher levels of inventory to protect ourselves from supply interruptions and have an established distribution system for both U.S. and international customers.

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To date, we have financed our operations primarily through the sale of equity securities, debt financing arrangements and sales of our products. We have devoted substantially all of our resources to research and development activities related to our solution, including clinical and regulatory initiatives to obtain marketing approval, sales and marketing activities, and investing in general and administrative infrastructure. We generated revenue of $83.8 million, with a gross margin of 74.0% and a net loss of $56.4 million, for the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to revenue of $68.7 million, with a gross margin of 73.9% and a net loss of $60.8 million, for the year ended December 31, 2023. As of December 31, 2024, we had an accumulated deficit of $467.6 million, cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities of $101.5 million, and $37.2 million of outstanding term loans and credit agreements, net of debt discount and debt issuance costs.

We have invested heavily in product development. Our research and development activities have been centered on driving continuous improvements to our solution. We have also made significant investments in clinical studies to demonstrate the safety and efficacy of the Zephyr Valve and to support regulatory submissions. We intend to continue to make significant investments in our sales and marketing organization throughout the United States, Europe and Asia Pacific. We have made, and intend to continue to make, investments in research and development efforts to develop our next generation products and support our future regulatory submissions to increase our addressable market and to expand indications and new markets. Because of these and other factors, we expect to continue to incur net losses for the next several years and we expect to require substantial additional funding, which may include future equity and debt financings.

Management believes that the Company’s existing cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities will allow the Company to continue its operations for at least the next 12 months from the date of the issuance of our consolidated financial statements.

Factors Affecting our Business and Results of Operations

We believe there are several important factors that have impacted and that we expect will continue to impact our business and results of operations. These factors include:

Our Ability to Recruit, Train and Retain Our Sales Force and its Productivity

We have made, and intend to continue to make, significant investments in recruiting, training and retaining our direct sales force. This process requires significant education and training for our sales personnel to achieve the level of technical competency with our products that is expected by physicians and to gain experience building demand for our products. Upon completion of the training, our sales personnel typically require time in the field to grow their network of accounts and increase their productivity to the levels we expect. Successfully recruiting, training and retaining additional sales personnel will be required to achieve growth. In addition, inability to attract qualified sales personnel or the loss of any productive sales personnel would have a negative impact on our ability to grow our business.

We have in the past and expect in the future to enter into different compensation arrangements with our sales professionals, which include minimum guaranteed commissions. This has impacted our compensation expenses in the past and we expect it will do so in the future.

Physician, Patient and Hospital Awareness and Acceptance of Our Solution

We intend to continue to promote awareness of our solution through training and educating physicians, pulmonary rehabilitation centers, key opinion leaders and various medical societies on the proven clinical benefits of Zephyr Valves. In addition, we intend to continue to publish additional clinical data in various industry and scientific journals and online and to present at various industry conferences. We plan to continue building patient awareness through our direct-to-patient marketing initiatives, which include advertising, social media and online education. We also intend to continue helping physicians in their outreach to patients and other healthcare providers. These efforts require significant investment by our marketing and sales organization, and vary depending upon the physician’s practice specialization, and personal preferences and geographic location of physicians, pulmonary rehabilitation

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centers and patients. In order to grow our business, we will need to continue to make significant investments in training and educating hospitals, physicians and patients on the advantages of our solution for the treatment of severe emphysema.

Third-Party Reimbursement

Since achieving regulatory approval in the United States in 2018, we have launched the Zephyr Valve treatment and have made progress securing third-party payor reimbursement. The majority of our patients are Medicare-eligible beneficiaries. We estimate that roughly 75% of the potential Zephyr Valve patient population are Medicare beneficiaries, 5% are Medicaid beneficiaries, and 20% of the potential Zephyr Valve patient population is under third-party commercial payor policies or other government programs. We continue to work to broaden our coverage by private third-party payor policies. Commercial payors such as Aetna, Humana, and many of the largest Blue Cross Blue Shield plans including Anthem, Health Care Service Corporation, BCBS Michigan, and Highmark have issued positive coverage policies for the Zephyr Valve, and United Healthcare no longer considers the procedure unproven or experimental. Some commercial payors do not yet consider our solution medically necessary, but these same plans are approving prior authorization requests on a case-by-case basis. Medicare, currently without a public coverage policy, covers our solution for patients when medically necessary on a case-by-case basis and other commercial insurers not described above are approving prior authorization requests on a case-by-case basis.

We have a dedicated patient reimbursement support team in the United States that works collaboratively with patients and providers to help secure the appropriate prior authorization approvals in advance of treatment. Through this program, we continue to educate private insurers in the United States on our clinical data and patient selection tools in an effort to continue to expand the number of positive coverage policies. Outside of the United States, our solution is covered by major health systems across much of Europe, Australia, South Korea and Japan.

Competition

Our industry is highly competitive and subject to rapid change from the introduction of new products and technologies and other activities of industry participants. Our goal is to establish our solution as a standard of care for severe emphysema. Existing treatments include medical management, lung volume reduction surgery, lung transplantation as well as other minimally invasive treatments. Some of our competitors have several competitive advantages, including established relationships with pulmonologists who commonly treat patients with emphysema, significantly greater name recognition and significantly greater sales and marketing resources. In addition to competing for market share, we also compete against these companies for personnel, including qualified sales and other personnel that are necessary to grow our business. Certain of our competitors may challenge our intellectual property, may develop additional competing or superior technologies and processes and compete more aggressively and sustain that competition over a longer period of time than we could. In addition to existing competitors, other companies may acquire or in-license competitive products and could directly compete with us. We must continue to successfully compete in light of our competitors’ existing and future products and related pricing and their resources to successfully market to the physicians who use our products.

Leveraging Our Manufacturing Capacity is Critical to Improving Our Gross Margin

With our current operating model and infrastructure, we have the capacity to significantly increase our manufacturing production. If we grow our revenue and sell more units, our fixed manufacturing costs will be spread over more units, which we believe will reduce our manufacturing costs on a per-unit basis and in turn improve our gross margin. In addition, we intend to continue investing in manufacturing efficiencies in order to reduce our overall manufacturing costs. However, other factors will continue to impact our gross margins such as geographic mix, pricing and customer discounts, incentives, support services and potential seasonality.

Investing in Research and Development to Foster Innovation to Expand Our Addressable Market

We intend to continue investing in existing and next generation technologies to further improve our products and clinical outcomes, enhance patient selection and broaden the patient population that can be treated with our products.

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In addition, we are continuing to invest in the accuracy and features of our patient assessment tools. Moreover, we continue to make progress with our CONVERT II pivotal trial of the AeriSeal System, a potential product in development for the treatment of severe emphysema patients who are not qualified for Zephyr Valve treatment due to excessive collateral ventilation.

While research and development and clinical testing are time consuming and costly, we believe that a pipeline of new products and product enhancements that improve efficacy, safety and cost effectiveness is critical to increasing the adoption of our solution.

Seasonality

Historically, we have experienced seasonality, primarily in the first and third quarters and anticipate this trend to continue. In addition, as our sales grow, we may experience further seasonality based on holidays, vacations and other factors because this is an elective procedure.

Components of Our Results of Operations

Revenue

We currently derive substantially all of our revenue from the sale of our products to hospitals and distributors. We market and sell our products through a direct sales organization in the United States and through direct sales and several third-party distributors in select markets outside the United States. We currently generate most of our revenue from the sales of Zephyr Valves and delivery catheters. We also generate a smaller amount of our revenue from our Chartis System, which is comprised of sales of the balloon catheters, usage fees and sales of the Chartis console. The LungTraX Platform, which is used to identify patients eligible for treatment with Zephyr Valves, has not independently generated any revenue for us. No single customer accounted for more than 10% of our revenue during the years ended December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023.

Revenue from sales of our products fluctuates based on volume of cases (procedures performed), the average number of Zephyr Valves used for a patient, pricing, discounts, incentives and mix of U.S. and international sales. Our revenue also fluctuates and will continue to fluctuate from quarter-to-quarter due to a variety of factors, including the availability of reimbursement, the size and success of our sales force, the number of hospitals and physicians who are aware of and perform the procedures using our solution and seasonality. Our revenue from international sales may also be impacted by fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates between the U.S. dollar (our reporting currency) and the local currency.

Cost of Goods Sold and Gross Margin

Cost of goods sold consists primarily of payroll and personnel-related expenses for our manufacturing and quality assurance employees, costs related to materials, components and subassemblies, third-party costs, manufacturing overhead, equipment depreciation, and charges for excess, obsolete and non-sellable inventories. Overhead costs include the cost of quality assurance, testing, material procurement, inventory control, operations supervision and management and an allocation of facilities overhead cost, including rent and utilities. Cost of goods sold also includes certain direct costs such as those incurred for shipping our products and costs related to providing analysis services for patient scans. We record adjustments to our inventory valuation for estimated excess, obsolete and non-sellable inventories based on assumptions about future demand, past usage, changes to manufacturing processes and overall market conditions. We expect cost of goods sold to increase in absolute dollars to the extent more of our products are sold.

We calculate gross margin as gross profit divided by revenue. Our gross margin has been and will continue to be affected by a variety of factors, primarily by our manufacturing costs, pricing pressures and, to a lesser extent, the percentage of products we sell in the United States versus internationally and the percentage of products we sell to distributors versus directly to hospitals. Our gross margin is typically higher on products we sell directly to hospitals as compared to products we sell through distributors.

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Our gross margin may increase over the long term to the extent our production volume increases as our fixed manufacturing costs would be spread over a larger number of units, thereby reducing our per-unit manufacturing costs. We expect our gross margin to fluctuate from period to period, however, based upon the factors described above and seasonality.

Operating Expenses

Our operating expenses have consisted solely of research and development costs and selling, general and administrative costs.

Research and Development Expenses

Our research and development activities primarily consist of engineering and research programs associated with our products under development and improvements to our existing products. Research and development expenses include payroll and personnel-related costs for our research and development employees, including expenses related to stock-based compensation, consulting services, clinical trial expenses, prototyping, testing, laboratory supplies, impairment charges associated with capitalized internally developed software, and an allocation of facility overhead costs. Our clinical trial expenses, such as those related to the AeriSeal System clinical development program, include costs associated with clinical trial design, clinical trial site development and study costs, data management costs, related travel expenses and the cost of products used for clinical activities. We expense research and development costs as they are incurred. We expect our research and development expenses, including related stock-based compensation expense, to increase in absolute dollars as we hire additional personnel to develop new product offerings and product enhancements.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

Our selling, general and administrative expenses consist of payroll and personnel-related costs for our sales and marketing personnel, including variable sales compensation, travel expenses, consulting, public relations costs, direct marketing, customer training, trade show and promotional expenses, stock-based compensation and allocated facility overhead costs, and for administrative personnel that support our general operations such as information technology, executive management, finance and accounting, customer services and human resources personnel. We expense sales variable compensation at the time of the sale. Selling, general and administrative expenses also include costs attributable to professional fees for legal and accounting services, insurance, consulting fees, recruiting fees, travel expense, bad debt expense and depreciation.

We intend to continue to increase our sales and marketing spending to generate sales opportunities. We expect expenses to increase in absolute dollars as we increase our sales support infrastructure and add additional marketing programs in order to more fully penetrate the global opportunity. We also expect our administrative expenses, including stock-based compensation expense, to increase as we increase our headcount and expand our facilities and information technology to support our operations. Additionally, we incur expenses related to audit, legal, regulatory and tax-related services associated with being a public company, compliance with exchange listing and SEC requirements, director and officer insurance premiums and investor relations costs. Our selling, general and administrative expenses may fluctuate from period to period due to the seasonality of our business and as we continue to add direct sales territory managers in new territories.

Interest Expense and Income

Interest expense consists primarily of interest expense related to our term loan facilities, including amortization of debt discount and issuance costs. Interest income is predominantly derived from investing surplus cash in money market funds and marketable securities.

Other Income (Expense), Net

Other income (expense), net primarily consists of foreign currency exchange gains and losses.

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Results of Operations:

Comparison of the Years Ended December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023

The following table summarizes our results of operations for the period indicated:

Years Ended December 31,

(in thousands, except percentages)

Operating expenses:

Revenue

Revenue increased by $15.1 million, or 22.0%, to $83.8 million during the year ended December 31, 2024, compared to $68.7 million during the year ended December 31, 2023. The sale of products in the United States increased by $10.5 million to $56.5 million during the year ended December 31, 2024, compared to $45.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2023. The sale of products in international markets increased by $4.6 million to $27.3 million during the year ended December 31, 2024, compared to $22.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2023. The increase in revenue reflects continued growth of Zephyr Valve procedure volumes in the United States and in international markets.

Cost of Goods Sold and Gross Margin

Cost of goods sold increased by $3.9 million, or 21.6%, to $21.8 million during the year ended December 31, 2024, compared to $17.9 million during the year ended December 31, 2023. The increase was mainly due to an increase in the number of products sold and increased manufacturing costs as we invested to support anticipated growth. Gross margin was 74.0% during the year ended December 31, 2024, compared to 73.9% during the year ended December 31, 2023.

Research and Development Expenses

Research and development expenses decreased by $0.5 million, or 2.8%, to $17.6 million during the year ended December 31, 2024, compared to $18.1 million during the year ended December 31, 2023. The decrease in research and development expenses was primarily due to a decrease of $1.8 million in professional services and other expenses in support of product development, a decrease of $0.2 million in personnel-related expenses including stock-based compensation, and a decrease of $0.1 million in costs associated with our clinical trials, including fees paid to contract research organizations and testing expenses. These decreases were offset by a non-cash impairment

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charge of $1.7 million related to certain previously capitalized software development costs recorded in the second quarter of 2024.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

Selling, general and administrative expenses increased by $7.5 million, or 8.0%, to $102.1 million during the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to $94.6 million during the year ended December 31, 2023. The increase in selling, general and administrative expenses was primarily due to an increase of $3.9 million in advertising and marketing related expenses, an increase of $2.2 million in payroll and personnel-related expenses including stock-based compensation for our sales, marketing and administrative personnel, and an increase of $1.0 million in travel and conference related expenses.

Interest Expense and Income

Interest expense increased by $0.3 million, or 8.5%, to $3.5 million during the year ended December 31, 2024, compared to $3.2 million during the year ended December 31, 2023, primarily due to higher interest rates. Interest income decreased by $0.5 million, or 9.1%, to $5.1 million during the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to $5.6 million during the year ended December 31, 2023. The decrease was primarily due to a lower balance of cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities, which resulted in reduced returns on these assets.

Other Income (Expense), Net

Other income (expense), net increased by $0.9 million to $0.3 million during the year ended December 31, 2024, compared to $(0.7) million during the year ended December 31, 2023, primarily due to foreign currency exchange gains.

Liquidity and Capital Resources; Plan of Operation

To date, we have financed our operations primarily through our IPO, private placements of equity securities, debt financing arrangements and sales of our products. As of December 31, 2024, we had cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities of $101.5 million, an accumulated deficit of $467.6 million, and $37.2 million outstanding under the CIBC Loan and Credit Agreement, net of debt discount and debt issuance costs.

CIBC Loan

In February 2020, we executed a Loan and Security Agreement with Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce (“CIBC”), which we subsequently amended in April 2020 and December 2020 (as amended, the “CIBC Agreement”). The CIBC Agreement originally provided us with the ability to borrow up to $32.0 million in debt financing (“CIBC Loan”) consisting of $17.0 million advanced at the closing of the agreement (“Tranche A”), with the option to draw up to an additional $8.0 million (“Tranche B”) and an additional financing tranche (“Tranche C”) of up to $7.0 million on or prior to February 20, 2022. Neither Tranche B nor Tranche C was drawn before the option expired.

In March 2021, we entered into an Amended and Restated Loan and Security Agreement with CIBC (as amended, the “Amended and Restated CIBC Agreement”) which, among other things, extended the loan maturity date of the CIBC Loan from March 15, 2022 to February 20, 2025, and modified certain financial covenants.

In October 2021, we entered into a Second Amendment to the Amended and Restated CIBC Agreement, which extended the interest only period of the loan from 24 months to 36 months. Under the amended terms, principal repayment would begin in February 2023.

In October 2022, we entered into a Third Amendment to the Amended and Restated CIBC Agreement (the “Third Amendment”), which, among other things, extended the maturity date to October 31, 2027; provided a commitment for a new $20.0 million tranche of term loans that may be drawn at our option through October 31, 2023, subject to

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the satisfaction of certain conditions; and provided for a new interest only period of 24 months from the signing date of the Third Amendment, with the possibility of an additional extension of such interest only period of up to 12 months, subject to satisfaction of certain conditions.

In February 2023, we drew $20.0 million of the Amended Tranche B which has the same interest rate and repayment terms as Tranche A of the CIBC Loan.

In May 2024, as a result of satisfying certain conditions set forth in the Third Amendment, we extended the interest-only period of the CIBC Loan from 24 months to 36 months. Principal repayment will begin in November 2025. There was no change to the loan interest rate, maturity date, or other terms of the loan.

The loans provided under the Amended and Restated CIBC Agreement bear interest at a floating rate equal to 1.0% above the Wall Street Journal Prime Rate at any time. The loans are collateralized by substantially all of our assets, including cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, intellectual property and equipment. We may prepay the loans, subject to certain conditions. The Amended and Restated CIBC Agreement contains financial covenants that require us to maintain minimum cash and minimum revenue amounts, and the Amended and Restated CIBC Agreement contains other customary restrictive covenants, representations and warranties, events of default and other customary terms and conditions.

We paid $0.5 million fees to the lender and third parties which is reflected as a discount on the loans provided under the Amended and Restated CIBC Agreement and is being accreted over the life of the loan using the effective interest method. During the years ended December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, we recorded interest expense related to debt discount and debt issuance costs of CIBC Loan of $0.1 million and less than $0.1 million, respectively.

Interest expense on the CIBC Loan amounted $3.5 million and $3.2 million during the years ended December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.

Credit Agreement

In May 2020, Pulmonx International Sàrl, our wholly owned subsidiary, received 0.5 million Swiss Francs ($0.5 million U.S. dollar equivalent) from a COVID-19 Credit Agreement under a Swiss Federal Government program. The COVID-19 Credit Agreement currently bears interest at a rate of 1.5% per year, payable at the end of each calendar quarter. The loan principal is being repaid in twelve equal installments, paid semi-annually, which began in March of 2022. Interest expense was immaterial during the years ended December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023. Pulmonx International Sàrl repaid $0.1 million and $0.1 million to the lender during the years ended December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.

Summary Statement of Cash Flows

The following table sets forth the primary sources and uses of cash and cash equivalents for the period presented below:

Years Ended December 31,

(in thousands)

Net cash (used in) provided by:

Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents 76 34

Net decrease in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash $ (12,622) $ (18,183)

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Cash Flows from Operating Activities

Net cash used in operating activities was $31.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2024. Cash used in operating activities was primarily a result of the net loss of $56.4 million, net accretion of discounts on marketable securities of $1.6 million, a decrease in lease liabilities of $1.9 million due to lease payments, an increase in accounts receivable of $1.3 million due to revenue growth and the timing of payments from our customers, an increase in prepaid expenses and other current assets of $0.4 million primarily due to the timing of payments to our vendors, and an increase in other assets of $0.5 million primarily due to capitalized implementation costs of a hosting arrangement. This is partially offset by stock-based compensation expense of $23.0 million, an increase in accounts payable of $2.3 million due to timing of payments to our vendors, a non-cash impairment charge of $1.7 million related to certain previously capitalized software development costs recorded in the second quarter of 2024, depreciation and amortization expense of $1.5 million and non-cash lease expense of $1.8 million.

Net cash used in operating activities was $37.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2023. Cash used in operating activities was primarily a result of the net loss of $60.8 million, a decrease in lease liabilities of $3.2 million due to lease payments, an increase in accounts receivable of $3.1 million due to revenue growth and the timing of payments from our customers, net accretion of discounts on marketable securities of $1.0 million, and a decrease in accounts payable of $0.3 million due to timing of payments to our vendors, partially offset by an increase in accrued liabilities of $3.2 million due to increased accrued incentive compensation expense associated with the achievement of performance objectives, a decrease in inventory of $0.9 million, stock-based compensation expense of $22.1 million, non-cash lease expense of $2.7 million, depreciation and amortization expense of $1.5 million and write-down of inventory of $0.5 million.

Cash Flows from Investing Activities

Net cash provided by investing activities in the year ended December 31, 2024 was $17.5 million consisting of proceeds from maturities of marketable securities of $46.8 million, offset by purchases of marketable securities of $27.9 million and purchases of property and equipment of $1.4 million.

Net cash used in investing activities in the year ended December 31, 2023 was $2.0 million consisting of purchases of marketable securities of $46.2 million and purchases of property and equipment of $0.8 million partially offset by proceeds from maturities of marketable securities of $45.0 million.

Cash Flows from Financing Activities

Net cash provided by financing activities in the year ended December 31, 2024 of $1.4 million primarily relates to proceeds from issuance of common stock under the employee stock purchase plan of $1.2 million and proceeds from exercise of common stock options of $0.2 million, offset by repayment of debt under the Credit Agreement of $0.1 million.

Net cash provided by financing activities in the year ended December 31, 2023 of $21.4 million primarily relates to proceeds of $20.0 million from borrowing under the Amended and Restated CIBC Agreement, proceeds from issuance of common stock under the employee stock purchase plan of $1.2 million and proceeds from exercise of common stock options of $0.3 million, partially offset by repayment of debt under the Credit Agreement of $0.1 million.

Material Cash Requirements

Our net cash operating expenditures were $31.5 million during the year ended December 31, 2024 and $37.6 million during the year ended December 31, 2023, and we intend to continue to make investments in the development of our products, including ongoing research and development programs. Our cash outflows for capital expenditures were $1.4 million during the year ended December 31, 2024 and $0.8 million during the year ended December 31, 2023, and we expect to maintain the level of expenditures in the future in support of our commercial infrastructure, sales force and other commercialization efforts. Recent and expected working and other capital requirements include

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amounts related to future lease payments for operating lease obligations, which totaled $31.3 million at December 31, 2024, with $2.6 million expected to be paid within the next 12 months, and amounts related to future short-term and long-term debt which totaled $43.2 million, with $6.3 million expected to be paid within the next 12 months. Lastly, we may undertake additional expenses to further expand our commercial organization and efforts, enhance our research and development efforts and pursue product expansion opportunities.

As of December 31, 2024, we had cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities of $101.5 million. Based on our current planned operations, we expect that our cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities will enable us to fund our operating expenses for at least 12 months from the issuance of our financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2024. We believe we will meet longer-term expected future cash requirements and obligations through a combination of available cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities, debt financings, and access to other public or private equity offerings. We have based these estimates on assumptions that may prove to be wrong, and we could utilize our available capital resources sooner than we expect.

Because of the numerous risks and uncertainties associated with research, development and commercialization of medical devices, we are unable to estimate the exact amount of our working capital requirements. Our future funding requirements will depend on many factors, including:

•the costs of commercialization activities related to commercializing our products in the United States and elsewhere, including expanding territories, increasing sales and marketing personnel, actual and anticipated product sales, marketing programs, manufacturing and distribution costs;

•the cost of filing, prosecuting, defending and enforcing any patent claims and other intellectual property rights;

•the research and development activities we intend to undertake, product enhancements that we intend to pursue;

•whether or not we pursue acquisitions or investments in businesses, products or technologies that are complementary to our current business;

•the degree and rate of market acceptance of our products in the United States and elsewhere;

•changes or fluctuations in our inventory supply needs and forecasts of our supply needs;

•our need to implement additional infrastructure and internal systems;

•our ability to hire additional personnel to support our operations as a public company;

•the emergence of competing technologies or other adverse market developments; and

•the impact of any public health crises on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Until such time, if ever, as we can generate product revenue sufficient to achieve profitability, we expect to finance our cash needs through a combination of public or private equity offerings, debt financings and collaborations or licensing arrangements. There can be no assurance that our efforts to procure additional financing will be successful or that, if they are successful, the terms and conditions of such financing will be favorable to us or our stockholders. If we do raise additional capital through public or private equity or convertible debt offerings, the ownership interest of our existing stockholders will be diluted, and the terms of these securities may include liquidation or other preferences that adversely affect our stockholders’ rights. If we raise additional capital through debt financing, we may be subject to covenants limiting or restricting our ability to take specific actions, such as incurring additional debt, making capital expenditures or declaring dividends. If we raise additional capital through collaborations agreements, licensing arrangements or marketing and distribution arrangements, we may have to relinquish valuable rights to our technologies, future revenue streams, research programs or product candidates or grant licenses that

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may not be favorable to us. If we are unable to raise capital when needed, we will need to delay, limit, reduce or terminate planned commercialization or product development activities, or grant rights to develop and commercialize products or product candidates that we would otherwise prefer to develop and market ourselves in order to reduce costs.

Critical Accounting Estimates

Our financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses incurred during the reporting periods. Our estimates are based on our knowledge of current events and actions we may undertake in the future and on various other factors that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may materially differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions. We believe that the accounting policies and estimates discussed below are critical to understanding our historical and future performance, as these relate to the more significant areas involving management’s judgments and estimates. For more detail on our critical accounting policies, refer to Note 2 to the financial statements appearing elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Revenue Recognition

Our revenue is generated primarily from the sale of our products to hospitals and distributors in the U.S. and international markets. Revenue is measured as the amount of consideration we expect to receive in exchange for transferring the products. Revenue is recognized when obligations under the terms of a contract with customers are satisfied, which occurs with the transfer of control of our products to our customers, either upon shipment of the product or delivery of the product to the customer under the terms and conditions agreed with the customer. We defer revenue relating to any remaining performance obligations by us to the customer after delivery, such as free products and free analysis services of patient scans to determine suitability of the patients for the treatment using the Zephyr Valves.

We identify performance obligations in contracts with customers, which may include our products and implied promises to provide free products and analysis services for patient scans. The transaction price is determined based on the amount expected to be entitled to in exchange for transferring the promised services or product to the customer. We are entitled to the total consideration for the products ordered by customers, net of early pay discounts, volume-based rebates and other transaction price adjustments. We exclude taxes assessed by governmental authorities on revenue-producing transactions from the measurement of the transaction price. We accept product returns at our discretion or if the product is defective as manufactured. We elected to treat shipping and handling costs as a fulfillment cost and include them in the cost of goods sold as incurred.

Inventories

Inventories are valued at the lower of cost to purchase or manufacture the inventory or net realizable value. Cost is determined using the first-in, first-out method for all inventories. Net realizable value is determined as the estimated selling prices in the ordinary course of business, less reasonably predictable costs of completion, disposal and transportation. We record write-downs of inventories which are obsolete or in excess of anticipated demand or market value based on consideration of product lifecycle stage, technology trends, product development plans and assumptions about future demand and market conditions. Inventory write-downs are intended to reduce the carrying value of inventory to its net realizable value.

We review our inventories for classification purposes. The value of inventories not expected to be realized in cash, sold or consumed during the next 12 months are classified as long-term inventory.

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Research and Development

Research and development expenses consist of costs incurred to further our research and development activities and include compensation costs, stock-based compensation, engineering and research expenses, clinical trials and related expenses, regulatory expenses, manufacturing expenses incurred to build products for testing, allocated facilities costs, consulting fees and other expenses incurred to sustain our overall research and development programs. All research and development costs are expensed as incurred.

Clinical trial costs are a significant component of our research and development expenses. We contract with third parties that perform various clinical trial activities on our behalf in the ongoing development of our product candidates. The financial terms of these contracts are subject to negotiations and may vary from contract to contract and may result in uneven payment flow. We accrue and expense costs of our clinical trial activities performed by third parties, including CROs and other service providers, based upon estimates of the work completed over the life of the individual study in accordance with associated agreements. We determine these estimates through discussion with internal personnel and outside service providers as to progress or stage of completion of trials or services pursuant to contracts with clinical research organizations and other service providers and the agreed-upon fee to be paid for such services.

Stock-Based Compensation

We recognize compensation costs related to stock options and awards granted to employees and non-employees based on the estimated fair value of the awards on the date of grant. We estimate the grant date fair value of stock options, and the resulting stock-based compensation expense, using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The grant date fair value of stock-based awards is expensed on a straight-line basis over the period during which the optionee is required to provide service in exchange for the award, which is typically the vesting period. We account for forfeitures as they occur.

Estimates of the fair value of equity awards as of the grant date using valuation models such as the Black-Scholes option pricing model are affected by assumptions with a number of complex variables. Changes in the assumptions can materially affect the fair value and ultimately the amount of stock-based compensation expense recognized. These inputs are subjective and generally require significant analysis and judgment to develop. Changes in the following assumptions can materially affect the estimate of the fair value of stock-based compensation:

•Expected Term. The expected term is calculated using the simplified method, which is available where there is insufficient historical data about exercise patterns and post-vesting employment termination behavior. The simplified method is based on the vesting period and the contractual term for each grant, or for each vesting-tranche for awards with graded vesting. The mid-point between the vesting date and the maximum contractual expiration date is used as the expected term under this method. For awards with multiple vesting-tranches, the periods from grant until the mid-point for each of the tranches are averaged to provide an overall expected term.

•Expected Volatility. The expected volatility is derived from our historical volatility and the average historical volatilities of publicly traded companies within our industry that we consider to be comparable to our business over a period approximately equal to the expected term for the options. In evaluating similarity, we considered factors such as stage of development, risk profile, enterprise value and position within the life sciences industry.

•Risk-free Interest Rate. The risk-free interest rate is based on the U.S. Treasury yield in effect at the time of the grant for zero-coupon U.S. Treasury notes with remaining terms similar to the expected term of the options.

•Dividend Rate. We assumed the expected dividend to be zero as we have never paid dividends and have no current plans to do so.

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As of December 31, 2024, there was $37.9 million of unrecognized compensation costs related to non-vested common stock options and restricted stock units, expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.4 years.

Income Taxes

Our major tax jurisdictions are the United States and California, Switzerland and Neuchâtel.

Significant judgment is required to determine our provision for income taxes and income tax assets and liabilities, including evaluating uncertainties in the application of accounting principles, complex tax laws, or variances between our actual and anticipated operating results. Therefore, actual income taxes could materially vary from these estimates.

We provide for income taxes under the asset and liability method. Current income tax expense or benefit represents the amount of income taxes expected to be payable or refundable for the current year. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities arise due to differences between when assets or liabilities are recognized for tax purposes and when they are recognized for financial reporting purposes. Net operating losses and credit carryforwards are also deferred tax assets. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using the enacted tax rates and laws that will be in effect when such items are expected to reverse. Deferred income tax assets are reduced, as necessary, by a valuation allowance when management determines it is more likely than not that some or all of the tax benefits will not be realized.

We assess all material positions taken in any income tax return, including all significant uncertain positions, in all tax years that are still subject to assessment or challenge by relevant taxing authorities. All of our tax years will remain open for examination by the federal and state tax authorities for three and four years, respectively, from the date of utilization of the net operating loss or research and development credits. We do not have any tax audits or other issues pending.

Utilization of the net operating loss carryforwards and research and development tax credit carryforwards may be subject to annual limitations due to the ownership change limitations provided by the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (“Code”), as defined in Section 382, and other similar state provisions. The annual limitation may result in the expiration of net operating losses and credits before utilization.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

See “Recent Accounting Pronouncements” in Note 3 to our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional information.

ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

We are exposed to certain market risks in the ordinary course of our business. Our market risk exposure is primarily a result of exposure resulting from interest rates, currency exchange rates, and effects of inflation.

Interest Rate Risk

We are exposed to interest rate risks related to our cash, cash equivalents and borrowings. We had cash and cash equivalents of $70.9 million as of December 31, 2024, which consist of cash and money market funds. We held cash in foreign banks of approximately $5.8 million at December 31, 2024 that was not federally insured. Interest-earning money market funds carry a degree of interest rate risk; however, historical fluctuations in interest income have not been significant.

We had outstanding debt of $36.9 million under the CIBC Agreement with an annual effective interest rate of 9.0% as of December 31, 2024. In the ordinary course of business, we may enter into contractual arrangements to reduce

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our exposure to interest rate risks. We believe that a 10% change in interest rates would not have a significant impact on our consolidated financial statements.

Foreign Currency Exchange Risk

We operate in countries other than the United States and are exposed to foreign currency risks. Revenue from sales outside of the United States represented 32.6% and 33.1% of our total revenue for the year ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. We bill most direct sales outside of the United States in local currencies, which are mostly comprised of the Swiss franc, the Euro, the British pound, and the Australian dollar. Operating expenses related to these sales are largely denominated in the same respective currency, thereby limiting our transaction risk exposure. We therefore believe that the risk of a significant impact on our operating income from foreign currency fluctuations is not significant. The risk of a significant impact on our operating income from foreign currency fluctuations will further diminish as revenue from sales to customers in the United States increases and represents a greater proportion of total revenues. A 10% change in weighted average foreign currency exchange rates would have changed our revenues and operating expenses for the year ended December 31, 2024 by approximately $2.7 million and $2.0 million, respectively, with a net impact of $0.7 million on our net income. A 10% change in weighted average foreign currency exchange rates would have changed our revenues and operating expenses for the year ended December 31, 2023 by approximately $2.3 million and $1.9 million, respectively, with a net impact of $0.4 million on our net income. We do not currently hedge our exposure to foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations; however, we may choose to hedge our exposure in the future.

Inflation Risk

High inflation rates in the U.S. and overseas have resulted in increased transportation, wages, and other costs. Inflation may generally affect us by increasing our cost of labor, commercial support, manufacturing and clinical trial expenditures. Although we do not believe that inflation has had a material impact on our financial position or results of operations to date, if our costs become subject to significant inflationary pressures, we may not be able to fully offset such higher costs with increased revenues. Our inability or failure to do so could harm our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

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ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA

Pulmonx Corporation

INDEX TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Financial Statements

Consolidated Balance Sheets F-3

Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss F-4

Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity F-5

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows F-6

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements F-8

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Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

Shareholders and Board of Directors

Pulmonx Corporation

Redwood City, California

Opinion on the Consolidated Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Pulmonx Corporation (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the related consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss, stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the years then ended, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company at December 31, 2024 and 2023, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the years then ended, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

Basis for Opinion

These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.

Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Critical Audit Matter

The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the consolidated financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the consolidated financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of the critical audit matter does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing separate opinions on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.

Inventory Classification

Inventory totaled approximately $18.6 million at December 31, 2024, including approximately $1.7 million classified as long-term inventory. As described in Note 2 to the Company’s financial statements, the value of inventories not expected to be realized in cash, sold or consumed during the next 12 months are classified as long-

F-1

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term inventory. Management considers forecasted demand and other expected usage of inventory on hand when estimating long-term inventory.

We identified management’s estimation of forecasted demand for products used in the determination of long-term inventory classification, to be a critical audit matter. Management is required to make significant judgments and assumptions with respect to future demand for the Company’s products that affect the estimation of long-term inventory. Auditing these elements involved especially challenging and subjective auditor judgment and an increased extent of effort.

The primary procedures we performed to address this critical audit matter included:

•Evaluating management’s ability to accurately forecast the future demand for products by performing a retrospective comparison of the Company’s prior forecasts to actual results for the same period.

•Evaluating the reasonableness of management’s forecasted demand for products, by comparing forecasts to (i) historical sales of the Company’s products, and (ii) forecasted information included in Company’s press releases.

•Evaluating whether forecasted demand for products is consistent with evidence obtained in other areas of the audit.

•Assessing whether any known or knowable factors occurred subsequent to year end that impact management’s forecast of future inventory usage.

/s/ BDO USA, P.C.

We have served as the Company's auditor since 2011.

San Francisco, California

February 25, 2025

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Pulmonx Corporation

Consolidated Balance Sheets

(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)

Assets

Current assets

Prepaid expenses and other current assets 4,474 4,235

Long-term marketable securities — 14,390

Intangible assets, net — 31

Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity

Current liabilities

Income taxes payable 49 93

Deferred tax liability 87 114

Commitments and contingencies (Note 8)

Stockholders’ Equity

Accumulated other comprehensive income 2,113 2,640

Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity $ 162,850 $ 177,781

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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Pulmonx Corporation

Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss

(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)

Years Ended December 31,

Operating expenses

Other income (expense), net 256 (673)

Other comprehensive (loss) income

Currency translation adjustment (466) 671

Change in unrealized (losses) gains on marketable securities (61) 394

Total other comprehensive (loss) income (527) 1,065

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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Pulmonx Corporation

Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity

(in thousands, except share amounts)

Shares Amount

Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options 137,902 — 314 — — 314

Repurchase of early exercised common stock options (106) — — — — —

Change in shares subject to repurchase — — 144 — — 144

Stock-based compensation expense — — 22,444 — — 22,444

Currency translation adjustment — — — 671 — 671

Change in unrealized gains on marketable securities — — — 394 — 394

Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options 107,817 — 218 — — 218

Stock-based compensation expense — — 22,957 — — 22,957

Currency translation adjustment — — — (466) — (466)

Change in unrealized losses on marketable securities — — — (61) — (61)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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Pulmonx Corporation

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(in thousands)

Years Ended December 31,

Cash flows from operating activities

Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities

Gain on disposal of fixed assets — (15)

Impairment of capitalized software development costs 1,717 —

Change in allowance for credit losses 40 (59)

Inventory write-downs 75 507

Depreciation and amortization expense 1,493 1,548

Amortization of debt discount and debt issuance costs 52 48

Net accretion of discounts on marketable securities (1,616) (1,025)

Net changes in operating assets and liabilities:

Prepaid expenses and other current assets (436) (57)

Income taxes payable (38) 68

Deferred tax liability (50) 24

Deferred revenue 34 (20)

Net cash used in operating activities (31,537) (37,610)

Cash flows from investing activities

Purchases of property and equipment (1,447) (807)

Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities 17,476 (2,007)

Cash flows from financing activities

Proceeds from borrowing under term loan — 20,000

Repayment of credit agreement (95) (94)

Proceeds from exercise of common stock options 218 310

Net cash provided by financing activities 1,363 21,400

Net decrease in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash (12,622) (18,183)

Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at beginning of year 83,784 101,967

Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at end of year $ 71,162 $ 83,784

Supplemental non-cash items:

Lapse in repurchase rights of common stock $ — $ 144

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Amount receivable from exercise of common stock options $ — $ 3

Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:

Cash paid for income taxes $ 556 $ 471

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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Pulmonx Corporation

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

1. Formation and Business of the Company

The Company

Pulmonx Corporation (the “Company”) was incorporated in the state of California in December 1995 as Pulmonx and reincorporated in the state of Delaware in December 2013. The Company is a commercial-stage medical technology company that provides a minimally invasive treatment for patients with severe emphysema, a form of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (“COPD”). The Company’s solution, which is comprised of the Zephyr Endobronchial Valve (“Zephyr Valve”), the Chartis Pulmonary Assessment System (“Chartis System”) and the LungTraX Platform, is designed to treat a broad pool of patients for whom medical management has reached its limits and either do not want or are ineligible for surgical approaches. The Company has subsidiaries in Germany, Switzerland, Australia, the United Kingdom, Italy, France, Hong Kong and Japan.

Liquidity and Going Concern

The Company has incurred operating losses and negative cash flows from operations to date and has an accumulated deficit of $467.6 million as of December 31, 2024. During the years ended December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company used $31.5 million and $37.6 million of cash in its operating activities, respectively. As of December 31, 2024, the Company had cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities of $101.5 million. Historically, the Company’s activities have been financed through the sale of equity securities, debt financing arrangements and sales of its products.

The Company’s consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the basis of the Company continuing as a going concern for the next 12 months. Management believes that the Company’s existing cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities will allow the Company to continue its planned operations for at least the next 12 months from the date of the issuance of these consolidated financial statements.

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation

The Company’s consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”). Any reference in these notes to applicable guidance is meant to refer to the authoritative U.S. GAAP as found in the Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) and Accounting Standards Updates (“ASU”) of the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”).

Principles of Consolidation

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Although these estimates are based on the Company’s knowledge of current events and actions it may undertake in the future, actual results may ultimately materially differ from these estimates and assumptions.

Significant estimates and assumptions include reserves and write-downs related to inventories, classification of short-term and long-term inventories, the recoverability of long term assets, stock-based compensation, goodwill, deferred tax assets and related valuation allowances, and impact of contingencies.

F-8

Pulmonx Corporation

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The carrying amounts of the Company’s financial instruments consisting of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued liabilities approximate fair value due to their relatively short maturities. Based on the borrowing rates currently available to the Company for debt with similar terms and consideration of default and credit risk, the carrying value of the term loan approximates their fair value. The fair value of marketable debt securities is estimated using Level 1 and Level 2 inputs (Note 4).

Cash and Cash Equivalents

The Company considers all highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less at the time of purchase to be cash equivalents, which include money market funds, commercial paper and corporate bonds.

Restricted Cash

Restricted cash is comprised of cash that is restricted as to withdrawal or use under the terms of certain contractual agreements. Restricted cash for years ended December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 consists of collateral for letters of credit issued in connection with the real estate lease in Redwood City, California.

Marketable Securities

The Company determines the appropriate classification of its investments in marketable securities at the time of purchase and reevaluates such designation at each balance sheet date. The Company has classified and accounted for its marketable securities as available-for-sale. After consideration of the Company’s risk versus reward objectives and liquidity requirements, the Company may sell these securities prior to their stated maturities. As the Company views these securities as available to support current operations, the Company classifies highly liquid securities with original maturities greater than three months at the time of purchase, and remaining maturities of less than one year, as short-term marketable securities and those with remaining maturities greater than twelve months as long-term marketable securities on the consolidated balance sheets. These securities are carried at fair value as determined based upon quoted market prices or pricing models for similar securities. Unrealized gains and losses on available for sale marketable securities, which consist of debt securities, if any, are excluded from earnings and are reported as a component of other comprehensive (loss) income. The amortized cost of debt securities is adjusted for amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts to maturity, which is included in interest income on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. Realized gains and losses, if any, on available-for-sale securities are included in other income (expense), net. The cost of securities sold is based on the specific identification method. Interest and dividends on securities classified as available-for-sale are included in interest income.

For marketable securities in an unrealized loss position, the Company periodically assesses its portfolio for impairment. The assessment first considers the intent or requirement to sell the marketable security. If either of these criteria are met, the amortized cost basis is written down to fair value through earnings. If the criteria above are not met, the Company evaluates whether the decline resulted from credit losses or other factors by considering the extent to which fair value is less than amortized cost, any changes to the rating of the marketable security by a rating agency, and any adverse conditions specifically related to the marketable security, among other factors. If this assessment indicates that a credit loss exists, the present value of cash flows expected to be collected from the marketable security is compared to the amortized cost basis of the marketable security. If the present value of cash flows expected to be collected is less than the amortized cost basis, a credit loss exists and an allowance for credit losses is recorded, limited by the amount that the fair value is less than the amortized cost basis. Any impairment that has not been recorded through an allowance for credit losses is recognized in other comprehensive loss.

Concentration of Credit Risk

Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentrations of risk consist principally of cash, cash equivalents and accounts receivable. The Company maintains its cash and cash equivalents balances with established

F-9

Pulmonx Corporation

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

financial institutions and, at times, such balances with any one financial institution may be in excess of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) insured limits. As of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company also had cash on deposit with foreign banks of approximately $5.8 million and $4.7 million, respectively, that was not federally insured.

The Company earns revenue primarily from the sale of its products to hospitals and other customers such as distributors. Sales of Zephyr Valves and delivery catheters accounted for most of the Company’s revenue for the years ended December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023. The Company’s accounts receivable are derived from revenue earned from customers. The Company performs ongoing credit evaluations of its customers’ financial conditions and generally requires no collateral from its customers. As of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, no customer accounted for more than 10% of accounts receivable. For the years ended December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, no customer accounted for more than 10% of revenue.

The Company relies on single source suppliers for the components, sub-assemblies and materials for its products. These components, sub-assemblies and materials are critical and there are no or relatively few alternative sources of supply. The Company’s suppliers have generally met the Company’s demand for their products and services on a timely basis in the past.

Accounts Receivable and Allowances

Accounts receivable are recorded at the amounts billed less estimated allowances for credit losses for any potential uncollectible amounts. The Company continually monitors customer payments and maintains an allowance for estimated losses resulting from a customer’s inability to make required payments. The Company considers factors such as historical experience, credit quality, age of the accounts receivable balances, geographic related risks and economic conditions that may affect a customer’s ability to pay. Accounts receivable are written-off and charged against an allowance for credit losses when the Company has exhausted collection efforts without success. As of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, accounts receivable is presented net of an allowance for credit losses of less than $0.1 million and $0, respectively.

Inventories

Inventories are valued at the lower of cost to purchase or manufacture the inventory or net realizable value. Cost is determined using the first-in, first-out method (“FIFO”) for all inventories. Net realizable value is determined as the estimated selling prices in the ordinary course of business, less reasonably predictable costs of completion, disposal and transportation. The Company records write-downs of inventories which are obsolete or in excess of anticipated demand or market value based on consideration of product lifecycle stage, technology trends, product development plans and assumptions about future demand and market conditions. Inventory write-downs reduce the carrying value of inventory to its net realizable value.

The Company reviews its inventories for classification purposes. The value of inventories not expected to be realized in cash, sold or consumed during the next 12 months are classified as long-term inventory.

Internal-Use Software

The Company capitalizes certain costs in connection with obtaining or developing software for internal use. Amortization of such costs begins when the project is substantially complete and ready for its intended use. Capitalized software development costs are classified as property and equipment, net on the consolidated balance sheets and are amortized using the straight-line method over the estimated useful life of the applicable software.

Property and Equipment, Net

Property and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation and amortization are computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets, generally between three to five years. Leasehold improvements are amortized using the straight-line method over the shorter

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Pulmonx Corporation

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

of the lease term or useful economic life of the asset. When assets are retired or otherwise disposed of, the cost and accumulated depreciation are removed from the balance sheet, and any resulting gain or loss is reflected in operations in the period realized.

Impairment of Long-lived Assets

The Company evaluates its long-lived assets for indicators of possible impairment by comparison of the carrying amounts to future net undiscounted cash flows expected to be generated by such assets when events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Should an impairment exist, the impairment loss would be measured based on the excess carrying value of the asset over the asset’s fair value or discounted estimates of future cash flows. In the second quarter of 2024, the Company recorded a non-cash impairment charge of $1.7 million related to certain previously capitalized software development costs that reduced the carrying value of those assets to zero. See Note 5, “Balance Sheet Components” in the accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements for further information. No other impairment losses were recognized for the years ended December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023.

Goodwill

Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of net tangible and identified intangible assets acquired in a business combination. Goodwill is not amortized but is evaluated at least annually for impairment or when a change in facts and circumstances indicate that the fair value of the goodwill may be below its carrying value.

The Company tests goodwill for impairment at the reporting unit level (“reporting unit”). The Company has determined that it has one operating segment and one reporting unit. The operating results are reviewed only on a consolidated basis to make decisions about resources to be allocated and assess performance. Prior to performing the impairment test, the Company assesses qualitative factors to determine whether the existence of events or circumstances would indicate that it is more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting unit was less than the carrying amount. If after assessing the totality of events or circumstances, the Company were to determine that it is more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than the carrying amount, then the Company would perform a quantitative impairment test. The quantitative impairment test involves comparing the fair value of the reporting unit to the carrying value. If the fair value of the reporting unit exceeds the carrying value of the net assets, goodwill is not impaired, and no further testing is required. If the fair value of the reporting unit is less than the carrying value, the Company measures the amount of impairment loss, if any, as the excess of the carrying value over the fair value of the reporting unit. Estimations and assumptions regarding the future performance and results of the Company’s operations, including estimates related to future sales growth, gross margin and operating expenses, and the fair value of the Company’s common stock are used in the impairment assessment. Circumstances that could reasonably be expected to negatively affect the key assumptions related to the impairment assessment include but are not limited to, (1) a significant adverse change in legal factors affecting our existing and future products or in business climate, (2) unanticipated competition, (3) an adverse action or assessment by a regulator, or (4) an adverse change in market conditions that are indicative of a decline in the fair value of the assets.

Intangible Assets

Intangible assets consist of developed technology and trademarks. Intangible assets were recorded at their fair values at the date of acquisition and were amortized using the straight-line method over a 15-year useful life (Note 5). The intangible assets were fully amortized as of December 31, 2024.

Leases

The Company leases facilities and vehicles and meets the requirements to account for these leases as operating leases. The Company recognizes rent expense on a straight-line basis over the non-cancelable lease term. Where leases contain escalation clauses, rent abatements or concessions, such as rent holidays and landlord or tenant

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Pulmonx Corporation

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

incentives or allowances, the Company applies them in the determination of straight-line rent expense over the lease term.

The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease, or contains a lease, at inception. The asset component of the Company’s operating leases is recorded as right-of-use (“ROU”) assets, and the liability component is recorded as current lease liabilities and long-term lease liabilities in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. As of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company did not record any finance leases. ROU assets and lease liabilities are recognized based on the present value of the future minimum lease payments over the lease term at commencement date. As most of the Company’s leases do not provide an implicit rate, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate, which is the estimated rate the Company would be required to pay for a fully collateralized borrowing equal to the total lease payments over the term of the lease, to determine the present value of future minimum lease payments. The ROU asset also includes any lease payments made to the lessor at or before the commencement date, minus lease incentives received, and initial direct costs incurred. The Company’s lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise that option. Lease expense for minimum lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Variable lease payments are expenses as incurred. The Company does not recognize lease liabilities and ROU assets for short-term leases with terms of twelve months or less.

Assumptions made by the Company at the commencement date are re-evaluated upon occurrence of certain events, including a lease modification. A lease modification results in a separate contract when the modification grants the lessee an additional right of use not included in the original lease and when lease payments increase commensurate with the standalone price for the additional right of use. When a lease modification results in a separate contract, it is accounted for in the same manner as a new lease.

Revenue Recognition

The Company’s revenue is generated primarily from the sale of its products to hospitals and distributors in the United States and international markets.

Under ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, revenue is recognized when the customer obtains controls of promised goods or services, in an amount that reflects consideration which the entity expects to receive in exchange for those goods or services. The Company determines revenue recognition by applying the following five steps as prescribed by ASC 606:

(i)identify the contract(s) with a customer;

(ii)identify the performance obligations in the contract;

(iii)determine the transaction price;

(iv)allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and

(v)recognize revenue when (or as) the entity satisfies performance obligations.

A contract with a customer exists when (i) the Company enters into a legally enforceable contract with a customer that defines each party’s rights regarding the products or services to be transferred and identifies the payment terms related to these products or services, (ii) the contract has commercial substance and, (iii) the Company determines that collection of substantially all consideration for products or services that are transferred is probable based on the customer’s intent and ability to pay the promised consideration. The Company identifies performance obligations in contracts with customers, which may include its products and implied promises to provide free products and analysis services for patient scans. The transaction price is determined based on the amount expected to be entitled to in exchange for transferring the promised services or product to the customer. The Company is entitled to the total consideration for the products ordered by customers, net of early pay discounts, volume rebate adjustments and other transaction price adjustments. The Company’s payment terms to customers generally range from 30 to 60 days.

F-12

Pulmonx Corporation

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Payment terms fall within the one-year guidance for the practical expedient which allows the Company to forgo adjustment of the promised amount of consideration for the effects of a significant financing component. The Company excludes taxes assessed by governmental authorities on revenue-producing transactions from the measurement of the transaction price.

Assuming all other revenue recognition criteria are met, revenue is recognized when control of the Company’s products transfers to the customer. For sales where the Company’s sales representative hand delivers product directly to the hospital or medical center, control transfers to the customer upon this delivery. For sales where products are shipped, control is transferred either upon shipment or delivery of the products to the customer, depending on the shipping terms and conditions. For consignment sales, control is transferred when the products are used by the customer in procedures. The Company defers revenue relating to any remaining performance obligations by the Company to the customer after delivery, such as free products and free analysis services of patient scans to determine suitability of the patients for the treatment using the Company’s Zephyr Valves. As permitted under the practical expedient, the Company does not disclose the value of unsatisfied performance obligations for contracts with an original expected length of one year or less.

The Company accepts product returns at its discretion or if the product is defective as manufactured. Historically, the actual product returns have been immaterial to the Company’s financial statements. The Company elected to treat shipping and handling costs as a fulfillment cost and include them in the cost of goods sold as incurred. In those cases where the Company bills shipping and handling costs to customers, it will classify the amounts billed within revenue.

The Company disaggregates its revenue by major geographic region, which is disclosed in Note 12, “Segment Information.”

Costs associated with product sales include commissions. The Company applies the practical expedient and recognizes commissions as expense when incurred because the expense is incurred at a point in time and the amortization period is less than one year. Commissions are recorded as selling expense.

Cost of Goods Sold

The Company manufactures certain products at its facility and purchases other products from third party manufacturers. Cost of goods sold consists primarily of costs related to materials, components and subassemblies, third-party costs, manufacturing overhead costs, direct labor, reserves for excess, obsolete and non-sellable inventories and distribution-related expenses. A significant portion of the Company’s cost of goods sold currently consists of manufacturing overhead costs. These overhead costs include the cost of quality assurance, material procurement, inventory control, facilities, equipment and operations supervision and management. Cost of goods sold also includes depreciation expense for production equipment and certain direct costs such as shipping costs.

Research and Development

Research and development expenses consist of compensation costs, stock-based compensation, engineering and research expenses, clinical trials and related expenses, regulatory expenses, manufacturing expenses incurred to build products for testing, allocated facilities costs, consulting fees and other expenses incurred to sustain the Company’s overall research and development programs. All research and development costs are expensed as incurred.

Clinical trial costs are a significant component of the Company’s research and development expenses. The Company has a history of contracting with third parties that perform various clinical trial activities on the Company’s behalf in the ongoing development of its product candidates. The financial terms of these contracts are subject to negotiations and may vary from contract to contract and may result in uneven payment flow. The Company accrues and expenses costs for its clinical trial activities performed by third parties, including clinical research organizations and other service providers, based upon estimates of the work completed over the life of the individual study in accordance with associated agreements. The Company determines these estimates through discussion with internal personnel

F-13

Pulmonx Corporation

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

and outside service providers as to progress or stage of completion of trials or services pursuant to contracts with clinical research organizations and other service providers and the agreed-upon fee to be paid for such services.

Advertising Costs

The Company expenses the costs of advertising as incurred. Advertising expenses were $7.9 million and $4.8 million for the years ended December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.

Foreign Currency Translation and Transaction Gains and Losses

The functional currencies of the Company’s wholly owned subsidiaries in Switzerland, Germany, Australia, the United Kingdom, France and Hong Kong are the Swiss franc. The functional currency of the Company’s subsidiaries in Italy and Japan is the Euro and Yen, respectively. Accordingly, asset and liability accounts of Switzerland, France, Germany, Australia, the United Kingdom, Italy, Hong Kong and Japan operations are translated into U.S. dollars using the current exchange rate in effect at the balance sheet date and equity accounts are translated into U.S. dollars using historical rates. The revenues and expenses are translated using the average exchange rates in effect during the period, and gains and losses from foreign currency translation adjustments are included as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income in the consolidated balance sheet. Foreign currency translation adjustments are recorded in other comprehensive (loss) income in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss and was $(0.5) million and $0.7 million during the years ended December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.

Foreign currency transaction gains and losses are included in other income (expense), net in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss and was $0.1 million and $(0.8) million during the years ended December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.

Stock-Based Compensation

The Company accounts for stock-based compensation arrangements with employees and non-employees in accordance with ASC 718, Compensation—Stock Compensation, using a fair-value based method. The Company determines the fair value of all stock options and the 2020 Employee Share Purchase Plan (“ESPP”) awards on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The Company’s determination of the fair value is impacted by its common stock price as well as assumptions regarding a number of complex and subjective variables. These variables include, but are not limited to, the expected term that options will remain outstanding, expected common stock price volatility over the term of the option awards, risk-free interest rates and expected dividends. Changes in the assumptions can materially affect the fair value and ultimately how much stock-based compensation expense is recognized. These inputs are subjective and generally require significant analysis and judgment to develop.

The fair value of time-based awards is recognized over the period during which an option holder is required to provide services in exchange for the option award, known as the requisite service period, which is typically the vesting period using the straight-line method. The fair value of performance-based awards, if applicable, is recognized over the requisite service period using the graded vesting method. The Company accounts for forfeitures as they occur.

The Company issued stock options in exchange for the receipt of goods or services from non-employees. Costs for such equity instruments are measured at the fair value of the equity instruments issued on the measurement date as the Company believes that the fair value of the equity instrument is more reliably measured than the fair value of the services received.

Income Taxes

The Company accounts for income taxes under the asset and liability method, whereby deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the difference between the consolidated financial statements and tax bases of

F-14

Pulmonx Corporation

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

assets and liabilities using the enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to affect taxable income. A valuation allowance is established when necessary to reduce deferred tax assets when management estimates, based on available objective evidence, that it is more likely than not that the benefit will not be realized for the deferred tax assets.

The Company also follows the provisions of ASC 740-10, Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes. ASC 740-10 prescribes a comprehensive model for the recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosure in financial statements of any uncertain tax positions that have been taken or expected to be taken on a tax return. No liability related to uncertain tax positions is recorded on the consolidated financial statements. It is the Company’s policy to include penalties and interest expense related to income taxes as part of the provision for income taxes.

Net Loss per Share Attributable to Common Stockholders

Basic net loss per common share is calculated by dividing the net loss attributable to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of common stock outstanding during the period, without consideration of potentially dilutive securities. Diluted net loss per share is computed by dividing the net loss attributable to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of common stock and potentially dilutive securities assuming the dilutive effect of outstanding stock options, unvested restricted stock units, and shares issuable related to the ESPP. Because the Company has reported a net loss for all periods presented, diluted net loss per common share is the same as basic net loss per common share for those periods.

Comprehensive Loss

The Company is required to report all components of comprehensive loss, including net loss, in the financial statements in the period in which they are recognized. Comprehensive gain or loss is defined as a change in equity of a business enterprise during a period, resulting from transactions and other events and circumstances from non-owner sources. The Company’s currency translation adjustment and unrealized gains and losses from marketable securities are the components of other comprehensive (loss) income that are excluded from the reported net loss for all periods presented.

3. Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures. The amendments in this ASU require disclosures, on an annual and interim basis, of significant segment expenses that are regularly provided to the chief operating decision maker (CODM), as well as the aggregate amount of other segment items included in the reported measure of segment profit or loss. This ASU requires that a public entity disclose the title and position of the CODM and an explanation of how the CODM uses the reported measure(s) of segment profit or loss. Public entities will be required to provide all annual disclosures currently required by Topic 280 in interim periods, and entities with a single reportable segment are required to provide all the disclosures required by the amendments in the update and existing segment disclosures in Topic 280. This ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. The Company adopted ASU 2023-07 effective December 31, 2024 on a retrospective basis. See Note 12, “Segment Information” in the accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements for further information.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures, which improves the transparency of income tax disclosures by requiring consistent categories and greater disaggregation of information in the effective tax rate reconciliation and income taxes paid disaggregated by jurisdiction. It also includes certain other amendments to improve the effectiveness of income tax disclosures. The standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. The

F-15

Pulmonx Corporation

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

adoption of this standard only impacts disclosures and is not expected to have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.

In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU No. 2024-03, Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income - Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses, which requires disclosure in the notes to the financial statements of specified information about certain costs and expenses. The amendments are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026, and for interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2027. Early adoption is permitted. The amendments should be applied either prospectively to financial statements issued for reporting periods after the effective date of this ASU, or retrospectively to any or all prior periods presented in the financial statements. The Company is currently evaluating the new guidance to determine the impact it may have on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

All other newly issued accounting pronouncements not yet effective have been deemed either immaterial or not applicable.

4. Fair Value Measurements

Assets and liabilities recorded at fair value in the consolidated financial statements are categorized based upon the level of judgment associated with the inputs used to measure their fair value. Hierarchical levels which are directly related to the amount of subjectivity associated with the inputs to the valuation of these assets or liabilities are as follows:

Level 1—Inputs are unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the Company has the ability to access as of the measurement date.

Level 2—Inputs are observable, unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for similar assets or liabilities, unadjusted quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the related assets or liabilities.

Level 3—Unobservable inputs for the asset or liability only used when there is little, if any, market activity for the asset or liability at the measurement date. This hierarchy requires the Company to use observable market data, when available, and to minimize the use of unobservable inputs when determining fair value.

Assets and Liabilities Measured and Recorded at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis—Financial assets and liabilities held by the Company measured at fair value on a recurring basis include money market funds and marketable securities.

Assets and Liabilities Measured and Recorded at Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis—The Company determines the fair value of long-lived assets held and used by reference to independent appraisals, quoted market prices (e.g. an offer to purchase) and other factors. An impairment charge is recorded when the carrying value of the asset exceeds its fair value. There have been no impairment charges recorded to date. Based on the borrowing rates currently available to the Company for debt with similar terms and consideration of default and credit risk, the carrying value of the term loan approximates the fair value. The fair value of the term loan is estimated using Level 2 inputs.

Assets and liabilities measured at fair value are classified in their entirety based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The Company’s assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement in its entirety requires management to make judgments and consider factors specific to the asset or liability.

The following tables summarizes the types of assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis by level within the fair value hierarchy (in thousands):

F-16

Pulmonx Corporation

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total

Assets:

Cash equivalents:

Money market funds $ 6,616 $ — $ — $ 6,616

Marketable securities:

Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total

Assets:

Cash equivalents:

Marketable securities:

There were no liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring and non-recurring basis as of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023.

The following table summarizes the cost, unrealized gains and losses and fair value of marketable securities (in thousands):

Amortized Cost Unrealized Losses Unrealized Gains Fair Value

Amortized Cost Unrealized Losses Unrealized Gains Fair Value

F-17

Pulmonx Corporation

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

The following table summarizes the marketable securities with unrealized losses as of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, aggregated by major security type and the length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous loss position (in thousands):

Less than 12 months 12 months or greater Total

Commercial paper $ 5,659 $ (8) $ — $ — $ 5,659 $ (8)

Less than 12 months 12 months or greater Total

The unrealized losses for marketable securities relate to changes in interest rates. During the years ended December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company did not consider any of its marketable securities to be other-than-temporarily impaired. No allowance for credit losses was recorded as of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, and no impairment losses were recognized for the years ended December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023.

At December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, accrued interest receivable on marketable securities of $0.1 million and $0.4 million was included in prepaid expenses and other current assets on the consolidated balance sheets, respectively. The Company elected to exclude accrued interest receivable from the estimation of expected credit losses on its marketable securities and reverse accrued interest receivable through interest income (expense) when amounts are determined to be uncollectible. The Company did not write off any accrued interest receivable during the years ended December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023.

The Company’s securities classified as short-term marketable securities mature within one year or less of the balance sheet date. Marketable securities that mature greater than one year from the balance sheet date are classified as long-term. As of December 31, 2024, the Company did not hold any marketable securities with maturity dates greater than one year.

5. Balance Sheet Components

Cash and Cash Equivalents

The Company’s cash and cash equivalents consist of the following (in thousands):

December 31,

Cash equivalents:

F-18

Pulmonx Corporation

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Inventory

Inventory consists of the following (in thousands):

December 31,

Reported as:

Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets

Prepaid expenses and other current assets consist of the following (in thousands):

December 31,

VAT and other receivable 671 915

Total prepaid expenses and other current assets $ 4,474 $ 4,235

Capitalized Implementation Costs of a Hosting Arrangement

The Company has several software systems that are cloud-based hosting arrangements with service contracts. The Company accounts for costs incurred in connection with the implementation of these various software systems under ASU 2018-15, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other—Internal Use Software (Subtopic 350–40): Customer’s Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That is a Service Contract. The Company expenses all costs (internal and external) that are incurred in the planning and post-implementation operation stages. As of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company has capitalized approximately $0.5 million and $0.1 million in implementation costs, net of amortization, respectively. The capitalized costs are amortized on a straight-line basis over the non-cancelable contract terms, which are generally three to five years. As of December 31, 2024, the capitalized costs of $0.5 million were included in other long-term assets. Amortization expense, which was included in selling, general and administrative expenses, was $0.1 million and $0.4 million for the years ended December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.

F-19

Pulmonx Corporation

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Property and Equipment, Net

Property and equipment, net consist of the following (in thousands):

December 31,

Computer equipment and software 3,468 1,872

Less: accumulated depreciation (5,724) (4,855)

Property and equipment, net $ 2,907 $ 4,028

In the second quarter of 2024, the Company recorded a non-cash impairment charge of $1.7 million related to certain previously capitalized software development costs that reduced the carrying value of those assets to zero. The impairment charge was recorded in research and development expenses on the Company’s consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. This impairment charge was primarily driven by the Company’s strategic decision to adopt a more cost-efficient solution in place of completing the development of the internally developed software.

Depreciation expense for the years ended December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 was $1.1 million and $1.4 million, respectively.

Goodwill

Goodwill was $2.3 million as of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023. No goodwill impairment losses have been recognized since the acquisition. There were no acquisitions or dispositions of goodwill for the years ended December 31, 2024 or December 31, 2023. The Company performed an annual test for goodwill impairment in the fourth quarter of the fiscal years ended December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 and determined that goodwill was not impaired.

Intangible Assets

Amortization expense relating to the intangibles was less than $0.1 million and $0.1 million during the years ended December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. The intangible assets were fully amortized as of December 31, 2024.

Intangible assets as of December 31, 2023 consist of the following (in thousands):

Gross Carrying Value Accumulated Amortization Net Carrying Value

F-20

Pulmonx Corporation

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Accrued Liabilities

Accrued liabilities consist of the following (in thousands):

December 31,

Accrued employee bonuses and commissions $ 6,894 $ 7,875

Other accrued personnel related expenses 2,727 2,859

Sales taxes, franchise tax and VAT 827 763

6. Long Term Debt

CIBC Loan

In February 2020, the Company executed a Loan and Security Agreement with Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce (“CIBC”), which the Company subsequently amended in April 2020 and December 2020 (as amended, the “CIBC Agreement”). The CIBC Agreement originally provided the Company with the ability to borrow up to $32.0 million in debt financing (“CIBC Loan”) consisting of $17.0 million advanced at the closing of the agreement (“Tranche A”), with the option to draw up to an additional $8.0 million (“Tranche B”) and an additional financing tranche (“Tranche C”) of up to $7.0 million on or prior to February 20, 2022. Neither Tranche B nor Tranche C was drawn before the option expired. The CIBC Loan originally had a five-year term maturing on February 20, 2025, which included 24 months of interest only payments followed by 36 months of equal payments of principal and interest. In April 2020, the Company entered into a First Amendment to CIBC Agreement that changed the maturity date to March 15, 2022.

In March 2021, the Company entered into an Amended and Restated Loan and Security Agreement with CIBC (as amended, the “Amended and Restated CIBC Agreement”) which, among other things, extended the loan maturity date of the CIBC Loan from March 15, 2022 to February 20, 2025, and modified certain financial covenants. Per the amended terms, 36 equal payments of principal plus accrued interest would be due beginning March 31, 2022.

In October 2021, the Company entered into a Second Amendment to the Amended and Restated CIBC Agreement, which extended the interest only period of the loan from 24 months to 36 months. Under the amended terms, principal repayment will begin in February 2023.

In October 2022, the Company entered into a Third Amendment to the Amended and Restated CIBC Agreement (the “Third Amendment”) with CIBC, which amended certain provisions of the CIBC Loan. The amendment provided the option to draw up to an additional $20.0 million (“Amended Tranche B”) on or prior to October 31, 2023, which can be drawn in increments of at least $5.0 million. Upon request by the Company, CIBC may, in its sole discretion, make additional term loans of up to $10.0 million (“Amended Tranche C”) at any time. The Third Amendment extended the maturity date of the CIBC Loan from February 20, 2025 to October 31, 2027 and provided for a new interest only period of 24 months from the signing date of the Third Amendment, with the possibility of an additional extension of such interest only period of up to 12 months, subject to satisfaction of certain conditions set forth in the Third Amendment.

In February 2023, the Company drew $20.0 million of the Amended Tranche B which has the same interest rate and repayment terms as Tranche A of the CIBC Loan.

F-21

Pulmonx Corporation

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

In May 2024, as a result of satisfying certain conditions set forth in the Third Amendment, the Company extended the interest-only period of the CIBC Loan from 24 months to 36 months. Principal repayment will begin in November 2025. There was no change to the loan interest rate, maturity date, or other terms of the loan.

Upon draw of the Amended Tranche B, the financial covenants in the Amended and Restated CIBC Agreement require that, when the cash and cash equivalents of the Company as defined in the Amended and Restated CIBC Agreement is less than $100.0 million, the Company have revenue for the trailing three-month period ending on the last day of each fiscal quarter of not less than 80.0% of the revenue for the trailing three-month period, as set forth in the annual projections delivered to the CIBC. Further, the Company is required to maintain unrestricted cash in an aggregate amount equal to the greater of $20.0 million and the Adjusted EBITDA loss as defined in the Amended and Restated CIBC Agreement for the six-month period ending on any date of determination. As of December 31, 2024, the Company was in compliance with all covenants contained in Amended and Restated CIBC Agreement.

The CIBC Loan bears interest at a floating rate equal to 1.0% above the Wall Street Journal Prime Rate at any time. The CIBC Loan is collateralized by substantially all of the Company’s assets, including cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, intellectual property and equipment. The Company may prepay the borrowings under the Amended and Restated CIBC Agreement, subject to certain conditions, including a prepayment fee equal to 2.0% of the principal amount repaid during the first year after the effective date of the Third Amendment or 1.0% of the principal amount prepaid during the second year after the effective date of the Third Amendment. As of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the CIBC Loan had an annual effective interest rate of 9.0% and 10.1% per year.

The CIBC Loan consists of the following (in thousands):

December 31,

Less: debt issuance costs (99) (152)

Reported as:

The Company paid $0.5 million fees to the lender and third parties, which is reflected as a discount on the CIBC Loan and is being accreted over the life of the term loan using the effective interest method.

During the years ended December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company recorded interest expense related to debt discount and debt issuance costs of CIBC Loan of $0.1 million and less than $0.1 million, respectively.

Interest expense on the CIBC Loan amounted to $3.5 million and $3.2 million during the years ended December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.

F-22

Pulmonx Corporation

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Credit Agreement

In May 2020, Pulmonx International Sàrl, a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company, received 0.5 million Swiss Francs ($0.5 million U.S. dollar equivalent) from a COVID-19 Credit Agreement under a Swiss Federal Government program. The COVID-19 Credit Agreement currently bears interest at a rate of 1.5% per year, payable at the end of each calendar quarter. The loan principal is being repaid in twelve equal installments, paid semi-annually, which began in March of 2022. Interest expense was immaterial during the years ended December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023. Pulmonx International Sàrl repaid $0.1 million and $0.1 million to the lender during the years ended December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.

Contractual Maturities of Financing Obligations

As of December 31, 2024, the aggregate future payments under the CIBC Loan and Credit Agreement (including interest payments) are as follows (in thousands):

Fiscal Year Ending December 31, Amount

Less: unamortized debt discount (99)

Less: interest (5,889)

Term loan and credit agreement $ 37,178

7. Revenue Recognition

The Company’s contract liabilities consist of deferred revenue for remaining performance obligations to customers after delivery, which was $0.1 million as of December 31, 2024. This amount is expected to be recognized as revenue in fiscal year 2025. The deferred revenue as of December 31, 2023 was $0.1 million, which was recognized as revenue during the year ended December 31, 2024.

The Company disaggregates its revenue by major geographic region, which has been disclosed in Note 12, “Segment Information.”

8. Leases, Lease Commitments and Contingencies

The Company has a lease for its headquarters location in Redwood City, California, which consists of approximately 24,591 square feet of office space (the “existing premises”) and was scheduled to expire on July 31, 2025 (the “Office Lease”). The Company leases additional facilities in Redwood City, California, under a sublease agreement, which consist of approximately 25,254 square feet of office space (the “expansion premises”) and was scheduled to expire on September 30, 2024 (the “Sublease”).

In May 2024, the Company entered into a third amendment to Sublease (the “Third Amendment to Sublease”) to extend the lease term of the expansion premises through May 31, 2028. The Third Amendment to Sublease contains a rent-free period between November 1, 2024 and February 28, 2025, after which rent is approximately $0.1 million per month and is subject to an annual increase of approximately 3%.

The Company also entered into a third amendment to Office Lease (the “Third Amendment to Office Lease”) to extend the lease term of the existing premises through July 31, 2035. The Third Amendment to Office Lease contains a rent-free period between August 1, 2025 and November 30, 2025, after which rent is approximately $0.1 million per month and is subject to an annual increase of approximately 3.5%. Additionally, under the Third

F-23

Pulmonx Corporation

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Amendment to Office Lease, the Company and the landlord have agreed to expand the existing premises to include the expansion premises, effective as of June 1, 2028, through July 31, 2035 (conterminous with the existing premises as referenced above). Commencing on June 1, 2028, the monthly base rent for the expansion premises will be $0.1 million per month and is subject to an annual increase of approximately 3.5%.

Under the Third Amendment to Office Lease, the Company has two options to extend the lease term on the leased premises for a period of five years, respectively. The Company did not include the renewal options in the lease terms for calculating lease liability, as it was not reasonably certain that the Company will exercise these renewal options. The amendments were accounted for as modifications that resulted in additional right of use assets in exchange for lease liabilities of $16.3 million.

In the fourth quarter of 2024, the Company entered into an amendment to the Third Amendment to Office Lease, which modified the rent-free period from the original dates of August 1, 2025 through November 30, 2025, to a new period from October 1, 2024 through December 31, 2024. There was no change to the other terms of the lease agreement that would materially impact the consolidated financial statements. The amendment was accounted for as a modification that resulted in additional right of use assets in exchange for lease liabilities of $0.4 million.

In 2013, the Company entered into a five-year lease for office facilities in Switzerland. The Company had an option to extend the lease through January 2022, which was not exercised by the Company. Per the lease terms, in the event the option to extend is not exercised, the lease remains in force and can be terminated with 12-months’ notice. In June 2024, with the intention of seeking other premises, the Company provided notice to the landlord to terminate the lease, effective June 30, 2025. In October 2024, the Company entered into a five-year lease for a new office facility. The new lease will commence in the first quarter of 2025, with future total minimum rent payments of approximately $0.5 million.

As of December 31, 2024, the Company has leases on 20 vehicles with an average lease term of 3.0 years.

Operating lease cost consists of the following (in thousands):

Years Ended December 31,

Short-term lease cost 40 38

The following table summarizes a maturity analysis of the Company’s lease liabilities showing the aggregate lease payments as of December 31, 2024 (in thousands):

F-24

Pulmonx Corporation

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Fiscal Year Ending December 31, Amount

Total minimum lease payments $ 31,290

Less: Amount of lease payments representing interest 11,997

Present value of future minimum lease payments $ 19,293

Reported as:

Current lease liabilities $ 778

Long-term lease liabilities 18,515

Total lease liabilities $ 19,293

The following table summarizes additional information related to the Company’s operating leases (in thousands, except weighted average data):

December 31,

Weighted average remaining lease term (years) 10.46 1.35

Weighted average discount rate 9.9 % 6.7 %

The following table summarizes other supplemental information related to the Company’s operating leases (in thousands):

Years Ended December 31,

Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease liabilities $ 17,016 $ 284

Service Agreement

In April 2022, the Company entered into an agreement with a service provider which required total minimum purchases of $0.6 million, $0.4 million, and $0.4 million over a three-year period. In June 2024, the Company amended the agreement with the service provider, which eliminated the minimum purchase obligations. From April 2022 through June 2024, the Company fulfilled the minimum purchase obligations and recorded $1.2 million of expense for services related to this agreement in cost of goods sold.

Contingencies

From time to time, the Company may be a party to various litigation claims in the normal course of business. Legal fees and other costs associated with such actions are expensed as incurred. The Company assesses, in conjunction with legal counsel, the need to record a liability for litigation and contingencies. Accrual estimates are recorded when and if it is determinable that such a liability for litigation and contingencies are both probable and reasonably estimable.

F-25

Pulmonx Corporation

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

In December 2022, the Company received a civil investigative demand (“CID”) from the U.S. Department of Justice, Civil Division in connection with an investigation under the Anti-Kickback Statute and False Claims Act (the “Investigation”). The CID requests information and documents regarding the Company’s relationships with certain health care providers, medical practices, and hospitals in connection with the sales and marketing of the Zephyr Valves and related products and services. The Company is fully cooperating with the Investigation. The Company is unable to express a view at this time regarding the ultimate outcome of the Investigation or estimate an amount or range of reasonably possible loss. Depending on the outcome of the Investigation, there could be a material impact on the Company’s business, results of operations and financial condition.

F-26

Pulmonx Corporation

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

9. Income Taxes

Loss before the provision for income taxes consists of the following (in thousands):

Years Ended December 31,

Total loss before provision for taxes $ (55,894) $ (60,272)

The components of income tax expense are as follows (in thousands):

Years Ended December 31,

Current:

Federal $ — $ —

Total current expense $ 524 $ 545

Deferred:

Federal $ 7 $ 7

Total deferred expense (24) 26

Total income tax expense $ 500 $ 571

The reconciliation between the federal statutory rate and the Company’s effective tax rate is summarized below:

Years Ended December 31,

Federal statutory rate 21.0 % 21.0 %

State taxes, net of federal benefit (0.1) % (0.1) %

Foreign earnings at different rates 0.1 % (0.5) %

Tax credits 1.3 % (0.9) %

Permanent differences (5.7) % (4.6) %

Prior year true-up (0.2) % 0.6 %

Change in valuation allowance (16.8) % (16.4) %

Other rate impacts (0.5) % — %