Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Forward-Looking Statements
This Annual Report on Form 10-K may contain certain statements that we believe are, or may be considered to be, “forward-looking” statements, within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). These forward-looking statements generally can be identified by use of statements that include phrases such as “believe,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “plan,” “foresee,” “may,” “will,” “likely,” “estimates,” “potential,” “continue” or other similar words or phrases. Similarly, statements that describe our objectives, plans or goals, the timing and expected benefits of our completed restructuring plans and the magnitude and duration of the impact of the global (“COVID-19”) pandemic on our business, employees, customers and our ability to provide services in affected regions. These forward-looking statements are subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause our actual results to differ materially from those contemplated by the relevant forward-looking statement. The principal risk factors that could cause actual performance and future actions to differ materially from the forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, those relating to the ultimate magnitude and duration of COVID-19 and of any future pandemics or similar outbreaks, and related restrictions and operational requirements that apply to our business and the businesses of our clients, and any related negative impacts on our business, employees, customers and our ability to provide services in affected regions, global and local political and or economic developments in or affecting countries where we have operations, competition, changes in demand for our services as a result of automation, dependence on and costs of attracting and retaining qualified and experienced consultants, maintaining our relationships with customers and suppliers and retaining key employees, maintaining our brand name and professional reputation, potential legal liability and regulatory developments, portability of client relationships, consolidation of or within the industries we serve, changes and developments in governmental laws and regulations, evolving investor and customer expectations with regard to environmental matters, currency fluctuations in our international operations, risks related to growth, alignment of our cost structure, restrictions imposed by off-limits agreements, reliance on information processing systems, cyber security vulnerabilities or events, changes to data security, data privacy, and data protection laws, dependence on third parties for the execution of critical functions, limited protection of our intellectual property (“IP”), our ability to enhance and develop new technology, our ability to successfully recover from a disaster or other business continuity problems, employment liability risk, an impairment in the carrying value of goodwill and other intangible assets, treaties, or regulations on our business and our Company, deferred tax assets that we may not be able to use, our ability to develop new products and services, the impact of the United Kingdom’s withdrawal from the European Union, changes in our accounting estimates and assumptions, the utilization and billing rates of our consultants, seasonality, the expansion of social media platforms, the ability to effect acquisitions, our indebtedness, the phase-out of LIBOR, and the matters disclosed under the heading “Risk Factors” in the Company’s Exchange Act reports, including Item 1A included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Readers are urged to consider these factors carefully in evaluating the forward-looking statements. The forward-looking statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K are made only as of the date of this Annual Report on Form 10-K and we undertake no obligation to publicly update these forward-looking statements to reflect subsequent events or circumstances.
The following presentation of management’s discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read together with our consolidated financial statements and related notes included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. We also make available on the Investor Relations portion of our website earnings slides and other important information, which we encourage you to review.
Executive Summary
Korn Ferry (referred to herein as the “Company” or in the first-person notations “we,” “our,” and “us”) is a global organizational consulting firm. We help clients synchronize strategy, operations and talent to drive superior business performance. We work with organizations to design their structures, roles and responsibilities. We help them hire the right people to bring their strategy to life. And we advise them on how to reward, develop and motivate their people.
We are pursuing a strategy that will help Korn Ferry to focus on clients and collaborate intensively across the organization. This approach builds on the best of our past and gives us a clear path to the future with focused initiatives to increase our client and commercial impact. Korn Ferry is transforming how clients address their talent management needs. We have evolved from a mono-line business to a multi-faceted consultancy business, giving our consultants more frequent and expanded opportunities to engage with clients.
Our seven reportable segments operate through the following four lines of business:
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Consulting and Digital became reportable segments in the third quarter of fiscal 2020. Previously, these were tracked and reported together as one reportable segment, Korn Ferry Advisory (“Advisory”). We have invested in the Digital business and harmonized the structure of our content and data, building atechnology platform for the efficient delivery of these assets directly to an end consumer or indirectly through a consulting engagement. These investments, combined with the acquisitions of Miller Heiman Group, AchieveForum and Strategy Execution (“the “Acquired Companies”) in November 2019 from TwentyEighty, Inc. for $108.6 million, resulted in us reassessing how we managed our Advisory reportable segment. Therefore, beginning in the third quarter of fiscal 2020, we separated our Advisory reportable segment into two reportable segments to better align with the Company’s strategy (which included the acquisition of the Acquired Companies) and the decisions of the Company’s chief operating decision maker, who had begun to regularly make resource allocation decisions and assess performance separately between Consulting and Digital.As a result, the Company now has seven reportable segments: Consulting, Digital, Executive Search North America, Executive Search EMEA, Executive Search Asia Pacific, Executive Search Latin America and RPO & Professional Search.
The addition of the Acquired Companies has further expanded our vast IP and content and leveraged the firm’s digital delivery platforms. We have invested in our Digital business to digitize and harmonize the structure of our IP content and data and in building a technology platform for the efficient delivery of these assets directly to an end consumer or indirectly through a consulting engagement.
Highlights of our performance in fiscal 2021 include:
Restructuring and Operational Changes
On June 12, 2018, the Company’s Board of Directors approved the One Korn Ferry rebranding plan for the Company (the “Plan”). The Plan includes going to market under a single, master brand architecture, solely as Korn Ferry and sunsetting all the Company’s sub-brands used at the time, including Futurestep, Hay Group and Lominger, among others. This integrated go-to-market approach was a key driver in our fee revenue growth in fiscal year 2018, which
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led to the decision to further integrate our go-to-market activities under one master brand — Korn Ferry. As a result, the Company discontinued the use of all sub-brands and changed its name, effective January 1, 2019, to “Korn Ferry.” Two of the Company’s former sub-brands, Hay Group and Lominger, came to Korn Ferry through acquisitions. In connection with the accounting for these acquisitions, $106.6 million of the purchase price was allocated to indefinite-lived tradename intangible assets. As a result of the decision to discontinue their use, the Company took a one-time, non-cash write-off of tradenames of $106.6 million in fiscal 2019. During fiscal 2020 the Company completed the implementation of this plan.
On November 1, 2019, we adopted a restructuring plan to rationalize our cost structure to realize the efficiencies and operational improvement that the investments in the digital business had enabled, or positioned us to realize. The plan impacted both Consulting and Digital and included the elimination of redundant positions and consolidation of office space. In the third quarter of fiscal 2020, we recognized $18.1 million of restructuring charges associated with severance and recorded $2.8 million of integration/acquisition costs associated with impairment of 16 office leases. The restructuring actions were completed by July 31, 2020.
The Impact of COVID-19
In March 2020, COVID-19 was reported to have spread to over 100 countries, territories or areas, worldwide, and in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2020 the World Health Organization declared it a pandemic. The negative business impact of the coronavirus outbreak was initially most pronounced in the Asia Pacific Region. During fiscal 2021, the impact has been felt throughout all the geographical areas in which we do business. Governments and companies implemented social distancing - limiting either travel or in person individual or group face-to-face interaction as well as working from home to adhere to stay at home orders from national, state and city governments. Such restrictions initially impacted our ability to provide our products and services to our clients with such impact lessening in the second, third and fourth quarters of fiscal 2021 as the world learned to work in different ways. Further, the outbreak has restricted the level of economic activity in the areas in which we operate and has had an adverse impact on demand for and sales of our products and services. All of our reportable segments across all of our geographies have been impacted as fee revenue decreased in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2020 and further decreased in the first quarter of fiscal 2021 due to a decrease in demand as clients responded to the pandemic. As a result of this and, as part of a broader program aimed at further enhancing our strong balance sheet and liquidity position, on April 20, 2020, we initiated a plan that was intended to adjust our cost base to the economic environment at that time and to position us to invest in the recovery. This plan included (i) a reduction in workforce, which was completed by the end of the first quarter of fiscal 2021 and resulted in restructuring charges of $40.5 million and $30.7 million associated with severance during the fourth quarter of fiscal 2020 and fiscal 2021, respectively, (ii) the temporary furlough of certain employees, (iii) subject to certain exceptions and legal requirements, salary reductions across the organization through December 31, 2020, and (iv) other cost saving measures relating to general and administrative expenses.
In the third and fourth quarters of fiscal 2021, the Company saw business conditions improve substantially from where they were in the second and first quarters with fee revenues increasing 27% in the second quarter of fiscal 2021 compared to the first quarter, 9% in the third quarter from the second quarter of fiscal 2021, and 17% in the fourth quarter from the third quarter of fiscal 2021 to $555.2 million, with all reportable segments contributing to the improvement of fee revenue. As such, no new restructuring actions were taken in the last nine months of fiscal 2021. With the sequential improvement in fee revenue and leveraging the restructured cost base, the Company experienced notably better profitability starting in the second quarter of fiscal 2021 compared to sequential quarter. As such, in the second and third quarter of the Company’s 2021 fiscal year, the Company made a decision to pay all colleagues, including our named executive officers, their full salary and non-executive directors their full retainers for both the second and third quarter of the Company’s 2021 fiscal year. With the improvement in the operating results the Company decided to fully reimburse colleagues (except certain executive officers) for the remainder of their pay cuts that were taken in fiscal 2021. Employees will receive their final payment in the first quarter of fiscal 2022. Beginning on January 1, 2021 salaries of our employees were fully reinstated.
While advances have been made in the science and societal and economic consequences of COVID-19, there remains significant uncertainty about the future impacts of COVID-19. On the positive side, governments around the world have begun distributing and administering the vaccine. In addition, the world has adopted new ways of working and interacting with substantial acceptance of business being conducted in a virtual world. On the negative side, there have been challenges in manufacturing the vaccines at scale as well as distributing and administrating to the population at large in many countries around the world. Since the end of the second quarter of fiscal 2021, we saw governments impose additional restrictions on travel and activities, particularly in Europe and in the United States, as the number of COVID-19 cases and hospitalizations continued to increase, reaching all-time highs in the United States. At the end of the third quarter and during the fourth quarter, hospitalizations in the United States started to decrease and restrictions are starting to ease whereas in Brazil, India and in some parts of Europe the opposite is true. The new, more contagious variants of the virus appear to be more resistant to the vaccines and it is unknown how long the antibodies developed by the vaccine will be effective against the virus mutations. Therefore, it is
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unknownwhether the easing of the restrictions will continue or be reversed. With the implementation of the plan discussed above and the improved business activity we experienced in the second, third and fourth quarters, we believe our costs are in line with our current revenue levels. However, uncertainties such as whether the new variants of the virus become the dominant strain, for how long the vaccine is effective to virus mutationsor whether new restrictions are imposed (or prior restrictions re-imposed), make us unable to give assurance that the rate of increase in fee revenue during the three months ended April 30, 2021, will continue in the three months ended July 31, 2021. Given the amount available from our current revolver and the amount of cash and cash equivalents and marketable securities net of amounts held in trust for deferred compensation and accrued bonuses, we believe that we have sufficient liquidity to meet our anticipated working capital, capital expenditures, general corporate requirements, repayment of the debt obligations and dividend payments under our dividend policy in the next 12 months.
Performance Highlights
The Company evaluates performance and allocates resources based on the chief operating decision maker’s review of (1) fee revenue and (2) adjusted earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization (“Adjusted EBITDA”). To the extent that such charges occur, Adjusted EBITDA excludes restructuring charges, integration/acquisition costs, certain separation costs and certain non-cash charges (goodwill, intangible asset and other than temporary impairments of investments). For fiscal 2021, Adjusted EBITDA excluded $30.7 million of restructuring charges and $0.7 million of integration/acquisition costs. For fiscal 2020, Adjusted EBITDA excluded $58.6 million of restructuring charges, $12.2 million of integration/acquisition costs and $1.8 million of separation costs. For fiscal 2019, Adjusted EBITDA excluded $106.6 million of tradename write-offs and $6.7 million of integration/acquisition costs.
Consolidated and the subtotals of Executive Search Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA margin are non-GAAP financial measures. They have limitations as analytical tools, should not be viewed as a substitute for financial information determined in accordance with United States (“U.S.”) generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”), and should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for analysis of the Company’s results as reported under GAAP. In addition, they may not necessarily be comparable to non-GAAP performance measures that may be presented by other companies.
Management believes the presentation of these non-GAAP financial measures provides meaningful supplemental information regarding Korn Ferry’s performance by excluding certain charges, items of income and other items that may not be indicative of Korn Ferry’s ongoing operating results. The use of these non-GAAP financial measures facilitates comparisons to Korn Ferry’s historical performance and the identification of operating trends that may otherwise be distorted by the factors discussed above. Korn Ferry includes these non-GAAP financial measures because management believes it is useful to investors in allowing for greater transparency with respect to supplemental information used by management in its evaluation of Korn Ferry’s ongoing operations and financial and operational decision-making. The accounting policies for the reportable segments are the same as those described in the summary of significant accounting policies in the accompanying consolidated financial statements, except that the above noted items are excluded to arrive at Adjusted EBITDA. Management further believes that Adjusted EBITDA is useful to investors because it is frequently used by investors and other interested parties to measure operating performance among companies with different capital structures, effective tax rates and tax attributes and capitalized asset values, all of which can vary substantially from company to company.
Fee revenue was $1,810.0 million during fiscal 2021, a decrease of $122.7 million, or 6.3%, compared to $1,932.7 million in fiscal 2020, with decreases in fee revenue in the Consulting, Digital and Executive Search lines of business due to a decline in demand for our products and services as a result of COVID-19, partially offset by an increase in fee revenue in RPO & Professional Search. Net income attributable to Korn Ferry increased by $9.6 million during fiscal 2021 to $114.5 million from $104.9 million in fiscal2020. Adjusted EBITDA was $286.3 million, a decrease of $14.7 million during fiscal 2021, from Adjusted EBITDA of $301.0 million in fiscal 2020. During fiscal 2021, the Executive Search, Digital, Consulting and RPO & Professional Search lines of business contributed $127.8 million, $86.1 million, $81.5 million and $69.4 million, respectively, offset by Corporate expenses net of other income of $78.5 million.
Our cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities increased by $233.8 million to $1,097.1 million at April 30, 2021, compared to $863.3 million at April 30, 2020. This increase was mainly due to cash flows from operations as a result of cost savings initiatives that were put in place and a positive effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents, partially offset by repurchases of our common stock in the open market, purchases of property and equipment, interest payments on the 4.625% Senior Unsecured Notes due 2027 (the “Notes”) and dividends paid to stockholders during fiscal 2021. As of April 30, 2021, we held marketable securities to settle obligations under our Executive Capital Accumulation Plan (“ECAP”) with a cost value of $145.7 million and a fair value of $175.6 million. Our vested obligations for which these assets were held in trust totaled $157.3 million as of April 30, 2021 and our unvested obligations totaled $26.5 million.
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Our working capital increased by $124.2 million to $737.1 million in fiscal 2021. We believe that cash on hand and funds from operations and other forms of liquidity will be sufficient to meet our anticipated working capital, capital expenditures, general corporate requirements, repayment of our debt obligations and dividend payments under our dividend policy in the next twelve months. We had $646.0million available for borrowing under our Revolver (as defined herein) at April 30, 2021 and2020. As of April 30, 2021 and 2020, there was$4.0 million of standby letters of credit issued, under our long-term debt arrangements. We had a total of $11.0million and $11.3 million of standby letters of credits with other financial institutions as of April 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
Critical Accounting Policies
The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based on our consolidated financial statements. Preparation of our periodic filings requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amount of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of our financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates and assumptions and changes in the estimates are reported in current operations as new information is learned or upon the amounts becoming fixed and determinable. In preparing our consolidated financial statements and accounting for the underlying transactions and balances, we apply our accounting policies as disclosed in the notes to our consolidated financial statements. We consider the policies discussed below as critical to an understanding of our consolidated financial statements because their application places the most significant demands on management’s judgment and estimates. Specific risks for these critical accounting policies are described in the following paragraphs. Senior management has discussed the development, selection and key assumptions of the critical accounting estimates with the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors.
Revenue Recognition. Substantially all fee revenue is derived from talent and organizational consulting services and digital sales, stand-alone or as part of a solution, fees for professional services related to executive and professional recruitment performed on a retained basis and RPO, eitherstand-alone or as part of a solution.
Revenue is recognized when control of the goods and services is transferred to the customer, in an amount that reflects the consideration that we expect to be entitled to in exchange for those goods and services. Revenue contracts with customers are evaluated based on the five-step model outlined in Accounting Standard Codification 606 (“ASC 606”): 1) identify the contract with a customer; 2) identify the performance obligation(s) in the contract; 3) determine the transaction price; 4) allocate the transaction price to the separate performance obligation(s); and 5) recognize revenue when (or as) each performance obligation is satisfied.
Consulting fee revenue is primarily recognized as services are rendered, measured by total hours incurred as a percentage of total estimated hours at completion. It is possible that updated estimates for consulting engagements may vary from initial estimates with such updates being recognized in the period of determination. Depending on the timing of billings and services rendered, we accrue or defer revenue as appropriate.
Digital revenue is generated from IP platforms enabling large-scale, technology-based talent programs for pay, talent development, engagement, and assessment and is consumed directly by an end user or indirectly through a consulting engagement. Revenue is recognized as services are delivered and we have a legally enforceable right to payment. Revenue also comes from the sale of our proprietary IP subscriptions, which are considered symbolic IP due to the dynamic nature of the content. As a result, revenue is recognized over the term of the contract. Functional IP licenses grant customers the right to use IP content via the delivery of a flat file. Because the IP content license has significant stand-alone functionality, revenue is recognized upon delivery and when an enforceable right to payment exists. Revenue for tangible and digital products sold by the Company, such as books and digital files, is recognized when these products are shipped.
Fee revenue from executive and professional search activities is generally one-third of the estimated first year compensation of the placed candidate plus a percentage of the fee to cover indirect engagement related expenses. In addition to the search retainer, an uptick fee is billed when the actual compensation awarded by the client for a placement is higher than the estimated compensation. In the aggregate, upticks have been a relatively consistent percentage of the original estimated fee; therefore, we estimate upticks using the expected value method based on historical data on a portfolio basis. In a standard search engagement, there is one performance obligation which is the promise to undertake a search. We generally recognize such revenue over the course of a search and when it is legally entitled to payment as outlined in the billing terms of the contract. Any revenues associated with services that are provided on a contingent basis are recognized once the contingency is resolved as this is when control is transferred to the customer. These assumptions determine the timing of revenue recognition for the reported period.
RPO feerevenue is generated through two distinct phases: 1) the implementation phase and 2) the post-implementation recruitment phase. The fees associated with the implementation phase are recognized over the period that the related implementation services are provided. The post-implementation recruitment phase represents end-to-end recruiting services to clients for which there are both fixed and variable fees, which are recognized over the period that the related recruiting services are performed.
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Annual Performance-Related Bonuses. Each quarter, management makes its best estimate of its annual performance related bonuses, which requires management to, among other things, project annual consultant productivity (as measured by engagement fees billed and collected by executive search consultants and revenue and other performance/profitability metrics for Consulting, Digital and RPO & Professional Search consultants), the level of engagements referred by a consultant in one line of business to a different line of business, our performance including profitability, competitive forces and future economic conditions and their impact on our results. At the end of each fiscal year, annual performance related bonuses take into account final individual consultant productivity (including referred work), Company/line of business results including profitability, the achievement of strategic objectives, the results of individual performance appraisals, and the current economic landscape. Accordingly, each quarter we reevaluate the assumptions used to estimate annual performance-related bonus liability and adjust the carrying amount of the liability recorded on the consolidated balance sheets and report any changes in the estimate in current operations. Because annual performance-based bonuses are communicated and paid only after we report our full fiscal year results, actual performance-based bonus payments may differ from the prior year’s estimate. Such changes in the bonus estimate historically have been immaterial and are recorded in current operations in the period in which they are determined.
Deferred Compensation. Estimating deferred compensation requires assumptions regarding the timing and probability of payments of benefits to participants and the discount rate. Changes in these assumptions could significantly impact the liability and related cost on our consolidated balance sheets and statements of income, respectively. For certain deferred compensation plans, management engages an independent actuary to periodically review these assumptions in order to confirm that they reflect the population and economics of our deferred compensation plans in all material respects and to assist us in estimating our deferred compensation liability and the related cost. The actuarial assumptions we use may differ from actual results due to changing market conditions or changes in the participant population. These differences could have a significant impact on our deferred compensation liability and the related cost.
Carrying Values. Valuations are required under GAAP to determine the carrying value of various assets. Our most significant assets for which management is required to prepare valuations are carrying value of receivables, goodwill, intangible assets and recoverability of deferred income taxes. Management must identify whether events have occurred that may impact the carrying value of these assets and make assumptions regarding future events, such as cash flows and profitability. Differences between the assumptions used to prepare these valuations and actual results could materially impact the carrying amount of these assets and our operating results.
Of the assets mentioned above, goodwill is the largest asset requiring a valuation. Fair value of goodwill for purposes of the goodwill impairment test is determined utilizing (1) a discounted cash flow analysis based on forecasted cash flows (including estimated underlying revenue and operating income growth rates) discounted using an estimated weighted-average cost of capital for market participants and (2) a market approach, utilizing observable market data such as comparable companies in similar lines of business that are publicly traded or which are part of a public or private transaction (to the extent available). We also reconcile the results of these analyses to its market capitalization. If the carrying amount of a reporting unit exceeds its estimated fair value, goodwill is considered potentially impaired and further tests are performed to measure the amount of impairment loss, if any.
We perform an annual impairment test each year as of January 31, or more frequently if impairment indicators arise. The qualitative and quantitative test performed as of January 31, 2021 did not indicate any impairment. While historical performance and current expectations have resulted in fair values of goodwill in excess of carrying values, if our assumptions are not realized, it is possible that in the future an impairment charge may need to be recorded. However, it is not possible at this time to determine if an impairment charge would result or if such a charge would be material. Fair value determinations require considerable judgment and are sensitive to changes in underlying assumptions and factors. As a result, there can be no assurance that the estimates and assumptions made for purposes of the annual goodwill impairment test will prove to be accurate predictions of the future. As of our testing date, the fair value of each reporting unit exceeded its carrying amount and as a result, no impairment charge was recognized. There was no indication of potential impairment through April 30, 2021 that would have required further testing.
Examples of events or circumstances that could reasonably be expected to negatively affect the underlying key assumptions and ultimately impact the estimated fair value of the reporting units may include such items as follows:
▪ The deterioration of the labor markets;
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▪ Volatility in equity and debt markets; and
▪ Competition and disruption in our core business.
Results of Operations
The following table summarizes the results of our operations as a percentage of fee revenue:
(Numbers may not total exactly due to rounding)
Year Ended April 30,
Reimbursed out-of-pocket engagement expenses 0.5 2.3 2.5
General and administrative expenses (1) 10.6 13.4 18.3
Reimbursed expenses 0.5 2.3 2.5
Depreciation and amortization 3.4 2.9 2.4
Restructuring charges, net 1.7 3.0 —
Net income attributable to Korn Ferry 6.3 % 5.4 % 5.3 %
The following tables summarize the results of our operations:
(Numbers may not total exactly due to rounding)
Year Ended April 30,
Dollars % Dollars % Dollars %
(dollars in thousands)
Fee revenue
Executive Search:
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In the tables that follow, the Company presents a subtotal for Executive Search Adjusted EBITDA and a single percentage for Executive Search Adjusted EBITDA margin, which reflects the aggregate of all of the individual Executive Search Regions.These figures are non-GAAP financial measures and are presented as they are consistent with the Company’s lines of business and are financial metrics used by the Company’s investor base.
Executive Search
(in thousands)
Net income attributable to Korn Ferry $ 114,454
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest 1,108
Other income, net (37,194 )
Interest expense, net 29,278
Income tax provision 48,138
Depreciation and amortization 61,845
Integration/acquisition costs 737
Restructuring charges, net 30,732
Executive Search
(in thousands)
Net income attributable to Korn Ferry $ 104,946
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest 2,071
Other loss, net 2,879
Interest expense, net 22,184
Income tax provision 43,945
Depreciation and amortization 55,311
Other loss, net (2,879 )
Integration/acquisition costs 12,152
Restructuring charges, net 58,559
Separation costs 1,783
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Executive Search
(in thousands)
Net income attributable to Korn Ferry $ 102,651
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest 2,145
Other income, net (10,405 )
Interest expense, net 16,891
Income tax provision 29,544
Depreciation and amortization 46,489
Integration/acquisition costs 6,746
Fiscal 2021 Compared to Fiscal 2020
Fee Revenue
Fee Revenue. Fee revenue decreased by $122.7 million, or 6.3%, to $1,810.0 million in fiscal 2021 compared to $1,932.7 million in fiscal 2020. Exchange rates favorably impacted fee revenue by $21.6 million, or 1%, in fiscal 2021 compared to fiscal 2020. The lower fee revenue was attributable to decreases in our Executive Search, Digital and Consulting lines of business primarily due to the impact of COVID-19 on economies in which we operate in fiscal 2021, partially offset by fee revenue generated from the growth in RPO & Professional Search.
Consulting. Consulting reported fee revenue of $515.8 million in fiscal 2021, a decrease of $27.3 million, or 5%, compared to $543.1 million in fiscal 2020. The decrease was primarily due to the contraction in economic activity due to COVID-19. Exchange rates favorably impacted fee revenue by $5.6 million, or 1%, compared to fiscal 2020
Digital. Digital reported fee revenue of $287.3 million in fiscal 2021, a decrease of $5.1 million, or 2%, compared to $292.4 million in fiscal 2020. The lower fee revenue was primarily due to the contraction in economic activity due to COVID-19. Exchange rates favorably impacted fee revenue by $3.0 million, or 1%, compared to fiscal 2020.
Executive Search North America. Executive Search North America reported fee revenue of $397.3 million in fiscal 2021, a decrease of $37.3 million, or 9%, compared to $434.6 million in fiscal 2020. North America’s fee revenue was lower due to a 5% decrease in the number of engagements billed and a 4% decrease in the weighted-average fees billed per engagement (calculated using local currency) in fiscal 2021 compared to fiscal 2020.
Executive Search EMEA. Executive Search EMEA reported fee revenue of $139.0 million in fiscal 2021, a decrease of $31.3 million, or 18%, compared to $170.3 million in fiscal 2020. Exchange rates favorably impacted fee revenue by $8.0 million, or 5%, in fiscal 2021, compared to fiscal 2020. The decrease in fee revenue was due to a 16% decrease in the number of engagements billed and an 8% decrease in the weighted-average fees billed per engagement (calculated using local currency) in fiscal 2021 compared to fiscal 2020.The performance in the United Kingdom, Germany, France, Switzerland, Netherlands and the UAE were the primary contributors to the decrease in fee revenue in fiscal 2021 compared to fiscal 2020.
Executive Search Asia Pacific. Executive Search Asia Pacific reported fee revenue of $83.3 million in fiscal 2021, a decrease of $14.8 million, or 15%, compared to $98.1 million in fiscal 2020. Exchange rates favorably impacted fee revenue by $2.5 million, or 3%, in fiscal 2021, compared to fiscal 2020. The decrease in fee revenue was due to an 11% decrease in the weighted-average fees billed per engagement (calculated using local currency) and a 7% decrease in the number of engagements billed in fiscal 2021 compared to fiscal 2020. The performance in Australia, Hong Kong, and Singapore were the primary contributors to the decrease in fee revenue in fiscal 2021 compared to fiscal 2020.
Executive Search Latin America. Executive Search Latin America reported fee revenue of $17.5 million in fiscal 2021, a decrease of $11.9 million, or 40%, compared to $29.4 million in fiscal 2020. Exchange rates unfavorably impacted fee revenue by $3.6 million, or 12%, in fiscal 2021, compared to fiscal 2020. The decrease in fee revenue was due to a 27% decrease in the number of engagements billed and a 7% decrease in the weighted-average fees billed per engagement (calculated using local currency) in fiscal 2021 compared to fiscal 2020. The decrease in fee revenue was due to lower fee revenue in Mexico, Brazil, Chile and Peru in fiscal 2021 compared to fiscal 2020.
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RPO & Professional Search. RPO & Professional Search reported fee revenue of $369.9 millionin fiscal 2021, an increase of $5.1 million, or 1%,compared to $364.8 million in fiscal 2020. Exchange rates favorably impacted fee revenue by $5.4 million, or 1%, compared to fiscal 2020. The increase in fee revenue was due tohigher fee revenue in RPO of $18.0 million due to a strong demand for our services in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2021, partially offset by lower fee revenue in Professional Searchof $12.9 million which was impacted by COVID-19.
Compensation and Benefits
Compensation and benefits expense remained flat at $1,297.9 million in fiscal 2021 and $1,298.0 million in fiscal 2020. Exchange rates unfavorably impacted compensation and benefits by $14.2 million, or 1%, in fiscal 2021 compared to fiscal 2020. The change in compensation and benefits expense was due to lower salaries and related payroll taxes and employer insurance due to a 5% decrease in average headcount as a result of actions taken to align our cost structure with lower-level business demand. This was fully offset by increases in performance-related bonus expense and deferred compensation expense driven by an increase in the fair value of participants’ accounts. Compensation and benefits expense, as a percentage of fee revenue, increased to 72% in fiscal 2021 from 67% in fiscal 2020.
Consulting compensation and benefits expense decreased by $12.8 million, or 3%, to $360.4 million in fiscal 2021 from $373.2 million in fiscal 2020. Exchange rates unfavorably impacted compensation and benefits by $4.0 million, or 1%, in fiscal 2021 compared to fiscal 2020. The change was primarily due to a decrease in salaries and related payroll taxes and employer insurance due to an 11% decline in average headcount as a result of actions taken to align our cost structure with the lower level of business demand, partially offset by higher performance-related bonus expense. Consulting compensation and benefits expense, as a percentage of fee revenue, increased to 70% in fiscal 2021 from 69% in fiscal 2020.
Digital compensation and benefits expense decreased by $3.0 million, or 2%, to $146.7 million in fiscal 2021 from $149.7 million in fiscal 2020. Exchange rates unfavorably impacted compensation and benefits by $1.6 million, or 1%, in fiscal 2021 compared to fiscal 2020. The decrease in compensation and benefits expense was due to a decline in salaries and related payroll taxes as a result of actions taken to align our cost structure with the lower level of business demand. This decrease was also impacted by lower integration/acquisition costs partially offset by increases in performance-related bonus expense and commission expense. Digital compensation and benefits expense, as a percentage of fee revenue, was 51% for both fiscal 2021 and 2020.
Executive Search North America compensation and benefits expense increased by $29.8 million, or 11%, to $299.5 million in fiscal 2021 compared to $269.7 million in fiscal 2020. Exchange rates unfavorably impacted compensation and benefits by $0.3 million in fiscal 2021 compared to fiscal 2020. The increase was due to higher expenses associated with our deferred compensation and retirement plans driven by an increase in the fair value of participants’ accounts and an increase in performance-related bonus expense. These increases were partially offset by a decrease in salaries and related payroll taxes due to a 14% decline in average headcount as a result of actions taken to align our cost structure with the lower level of business demand in fiscal 2021 compared to fiscal 2020. Executive Search North America compensation and benefits expense, as a percentage of fee revenue, increased to 75% in fiscal 2021 from 62% in fiscal 2020.
Executive Search EMEA compensation and benefits expense decreased by $8.6 million, or 7%, to $111.1 million in fiscal 2021 compared to $119.7 million in fiscal 2020. Exchange rates unfavorably impacted compensation and benefits by $5.3 million, or 4%, in fiscal 2021 compared to fiscal 2020. The decrease was due to lower salaries and related payroll taxes due to an 8% decline in average headcount as a result of actions taken to align our cost structure with the lower level of business demand in fiscal 2021 compared to fiscal 2020. Executive Search EMEA compensation and benefits expense, as a percentage of fee revenue, increased to 80% in fiscal 2021 from 70% in fiscal 2020.
Executive Search Asia Pacific compensation and benefits expense decreased by $6.0 million, or 9%, to $58.3 million in fiscal 2021 compared to $64.3 million in fiscal 2020. Exchange rates unfavorably impacted compensation and benefits by $1.7 million, or 3%, in fiscal 2021 compared to fiscal 2020. The decrease was due to a decrease in salaries and related payroll taxes due to 12% decline in average headcount as a result of actions taken to align our cost structure with the lower level of business demand in fiscal 2021 compared to fiscal 2020. The decrease was partially offset by a higher performance-related bonus expense. Executive Search Asia Pacific compensation and benefits expense, as a percentage of fee revenue, increased to 70% in fiscal 2021 from 66% in fiscal 2020.
Executive Search Latin America compensation and benefits expense decreased by $4.6 million, or 25%, to $14.1 million in fiscal 2021 compared to $18.7 million in fiscal 2020. Exchange rates favorably impacted compensation and benefits by $2.7 million, or 14%, in fiscal 2021 compared to fiscal 2020. The decrease was due to lower salaries and related payroll taxes due to a 16% decline in average headcount as a result of actions taken to align our cost structure with the lower level of business demand in fiscal 2021 compared to fiscal 2020. Executive Search Latin
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America compensation and benefits expense, as a percentage of fee revenue, increased to 80% in fiscal 2021 from 64% in fiscal 2020.
RPO & Professional Search compensation and benefits expense increased by $3.6 million, or 1%, to $264.6 million in fiscal 2021 from $261.0 million in fiscal 2020. Exchange rates unfavorably impacted compensation and benefits by $4.0 million, or 2%, in fiscal 2021 compared to fiscal 2020. The increase was due to higher performance-related bonus expense, partially offset by a decrease in salaries and related payroll taxes in fiscal 2021 compared to fiscal 2020. RPO & Professional Search compensation and benefits expense, as a percentage of fee revenue, was 72% in both fiscal 2021 and 2020.
Corporate compensation and benefits expense increased by $1.5 million, or 4%, to $43.2 million in fiscal 2021 from $41.7 million in fiscal 2020. The increase was primarily due to higher performance-related bonus expense and an increase in expenses associated with our deferred compensation and retirement plans driven by increases in the fair value of participants’ accounts. These increases were partially offset by lower salaries and related payroll taxes as a result of a 2% decline in headcount as a result of actions taken to align our cost structure with the lower level of business demand in fiscal 2021 compared to fiscal 2020 and an increase in income from company-owned life insurance (“COLI”) policies due to more death benefits recorded in fiscal 2021 compared to fiscal 2020.
General and Administrative Expenses
General and administrative expenses decreased $67.2 million, or 26%, to $191.8 million in fiscal 2021 compared to $259.0 million in fiscal 2020. Exchange rates unfavorably impacted general and administrative expenses by $3.3 million, or 1%, in fiscal 2021 compared to fiscal 2020. The decrease in general and administrative expenses was due to lower marketing and business development expenses, travel related expenses, premise and office expenses and legal and other professional fees as a result of actions taken to align our cost structure with the lower level of business demand and restrictions implemented by various governmental agencies due to COVID-19. Also contributing to the decrease in general and administrative expenses was a decrease in integration/acquisition costs related to the purchase of the Acquired Companies. General and administrative expenses, as a percentage of fee revenue, decreased to 11% in fiscal 2021 from 13% in fiscal 2020.
Consulting general and administrative expenses decreased by $18.5 million, or 28%, to $48.6 million in fiscal 2021 compared to $67.1 million in fiscal 2020. The decrease in general and administrative expenses was due to lower marketing and business development expenses, premise and office expenses and travel related expenses as a result of actions taken to align our cost structure with the lower level of business demand and restrictions implemented by various governmental agencies due to COVID-19.Consulting general and administrative expenses, as a percentage of fee revenue, decreased to 9% in fiscal 2021 from 12% in fiscal 2020.
Digital general and administrative expenses decreased by $9.6 million, or 25%, to $29.1 million in fiscal 2021 compared to $38.7 million in fiscal 2020. The decrease in general and administrative expenses was due to lower travel related expenses, marketing and business development expenses and premise and office expenses as a result of actions taken to align our cost structure with the lower level of business demand and restrictions implemented by various governmental agencies due to COVID-19. Also contributing to the decrease in general and administrative expenses was a decrease in integration/acquisition costs related to the purchase of the Acquired Companies. Digital general and administrative expenses, as a percentage of fee revenue, decreased to 10% in fiscal 2021 from 13% in fiscal 2020.
Executive Search North America general and administrative expenses decreased by $12.1 million, or 31%, to $26.9 million in fiscal 2021 from $39.0 million in fiscal 2020. The decrease in general and administrative expenses was due to lower marketing and business development expenses, premise and office expenses and travel related expenses as a result of actions taken to align our cost structure with the lower level of business demand and restrictions implemented by various governmental agencies due to COVID-19. Executive Search North America general and administrative expenses, as a percentage of fee revenue was 7% in fiscal 2021 compared to 9% in fiscal 2020.
Executive Search EMEA general and administrative expenses decreased by $5.0 million, or 24%, to $16.0 million in fiscal 2021 from $21.0 million in fiscal 2020. The decrease in general and administrative expenses was due to lower marketing and business development expenses and travel related expenses as a result of actions taken to align our cost structure with the lower level of business demand and restrictions implemented by various governmental agencies due to COVID-19. Also contributing to the decrease in general and administrative expenses was the impact of foreign currency with foreign exchange gains in fiscal 2021 compared to foreign currency losses in fiscal 2020. Executive Search EMEA general and administrative expenses, as a percentage of fee revenue was 12% in both fiscal 2021 and 2020.
Executive Search Asia Pacific general and administrative expenses decreased by $2.0 million, or 19%, to $8.6 million in fiscal 2021 from $10.6 million in fiscal 2020. The decrease in general and administrative expenses was due to lower premise and office expenses, marketing and business development expenses and travel related expenses as a result of actions taken to align our cost structure with the lower level of business demand and restrictions
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implemented by various governmental agencies due to COVID-19. Executive Search Asia Pacific general and administrative expenses, as a percentage of fee revenue was 10% in fiscal 2021 compared to 11% in fiscal 2020.
Executive Search Latin America general and administrative expenses decreased by $2.1 million, or 49%, to $2.2 million in fiscal 2021 from $4.3 million in fiscal 2020. The decrease in general and administrative expenses was due to lower premise and office expenses and marketing and business development expenses as a result of actions taken to align our cost structure with the lower level of business demand and restrictions implemented by various governmental agencies due to COVID-19. Executive Search Latin America general and administrative expenses, as a percentage of fee revenue was 12% in fiscal 2021 compared to 15% in fiscal 2020.
RPO & Professional Search general and administrative expenses decreased by $6.4 million, or 21%, to $24.8 million in fiscal 2021 from $31.2 million in fiscal 2020. The decrease in general and administrative expenses was due to lower travel related expenses and marketing and business development expenses as a result of actions taken to align our cost structure with the lower level of business demand and restrictions implemented by various governmental agencies due to COVID-19. Also contributing to the decrease in general and administrative expenses was the impact of foreign currency with foreign exchange gains in fiscal 2021 compared to foreign currency losses in fiscal 2020. RPO & Professional Search general and administrative expenses, as a percentage of fee revenue, was 7% in fiscal 2021 compared to 9% in fiscal 2020.
Corporate general and administrative expenses decreased by $11.5 million, or 24%, to $35.5 million in fiscal 2021 compared to $47.0 million in fiscal 2020. The decrease in general and administrative expenses was due to lower marketing and business development expenses, legal and other professional fees and travel related expenses as a result of actions taken to align our cost structure with the lower level of business demand and restrictions implemented by various governmental agencies due to COVID-19. Also contributing to the decrease in general and administrative expenses was a decrease in integration/acquisition costs related to the purchase of the Acquired Companies.
Cost of Services Expense
Cost of services expense consists primarily of contractor and product costs related to the delivery of various services and products, primarily in RPO & Professional Search, Consulting and Digital. Cost of services expense was $72.0 million in fiscal 2021 compared to $85.9 million in fiscal 2020. Cost of services expense, as a percentage of fee revenue, was 4% in both fiscal 2021 and 2020.
Depreciation and Amortization Expenses
Depreciation and amortization expenses were $61.8 million in fiscal 2021, an increase of $6.5 million, or 12%, compared to $55.3 million in fiscal 2020. The increase was primarily from the Digital segment due to the acquisition of the Acquired Companies and technology investments made in the current and prior year in software and computer equipment.
Restructuring Charges, Net
In November 2019, we implemented a restructuring plan to eliminate redundant positions that were created due to investments made in our Digital business and the acquisition of the Acquired Companies. In April 2020, we implemented a second plan in response to the uncertainty caused by COVID-19 that resulted in reductions in our workforce. We continued the implementation of the second plan in fiscal 2021 and as a result of these plans recorded restructuring charges, net of $30.7 million and $58.6 million of severance costs in fiscal 2021 and 2020, respectively.
Net Income Attributable to Korn Ferry
Net income attributable to Korn Ferry increased by $9.6 million to $114.5 million in fiscal 2021 compared to $104.9 million in fiscal 2020. The increase was mainly driven by decreases in general and administrative expenses and cost of services expense associated with actions taken to align our cost structure with the lower level of business demand. A decline in restructuring charges, net and an increase in other income, net contributed to the increase in net income attributable to Korn Ferry as well. These changes were partially offset by a decrease in fee revenue and increases in interest expense, net and depreciation and amortization expense. Net income attributable to Korn Ferry, as a percentage of fee revenue, was 6% in fiscal 2021 as compared to 5% in fiscal 2020.
Adjusted EBITDA
Adjusted EBITDA decreased by $14.7 million to $286.3 million in fiscal 2021 compared to $301.0 million in fiscal 2020. The decrease in Adjusted EBITDA was driven by a decline in fee revenue that resulted from actions taken by various government and other authoritative bodies in response to COVID-19 that caused a contraction in economic activity during the year. This decrease was partially offset by a decline in general and administrative expenses (excluding integration/acquisition costs), which resulted from the cost savings initiatives that were put in place in response to COVID-19. Adjusted EBITDA, as a percentage of fee revenue, was 16% in both fiscal 2021 and 2020.
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Consulting Adjusted EBITDA was $81.5 millionin fiscal 2021, an increase of $20.4 million, or 33%, compared to $61.1 million in fiscal 2020. The increase was driven by decreases in general and administrative expenses, cost of services expense and compensation and benefits expense, which resulted from the cost savings initiatives that were put in placein response toCOVID-19. These changes were partially offset by a decrease to fee revenue that resulted from actions taken by various government and other authoritative bodies in response to COVID-19 that caused a contraction in economic activity during the year. Consulting Adjusted EBITDA, as a percentage of fee revenue,was 16% in fiscal 2021 compared to 11% in fiscal 2020.
Digital Adjusted EBITDA was $86.1 million in fiscal 2021, an increase of $3.0 million, or 4%, compared to $83.1 million in fiscal 2020. The increase was driven by decreases in general and administrative expenses (excluding integration/acquisition costs) and compensation and benefits expense (excluding integration/acquisition costs) in fiscal 2021 compared to fiscal 2020, which resulted from the cost savings initiatives that were put in place in response to COVID-19. These increases were partially offset by lower fee revenue that resulted from actions taken by various government and other authoritative bodies in response to COVID-19 that caused a contraction in economic activity during the year. Digital Adjusted EBITDA, as a percentage of fee revenue, was 30% in fiscal 2021 as compared to 28% in fiscal 2020.
Executive Search North America Adjusted EBITDA decreased by $22.6 million, or 19%, to $98.1 million in fiscal 2021 compared to $120.7 million in fiscal 2020. The decrease was driven by lower fee revenue that resulted from actions taken by various government and other authoritative bodies in response to COVID-19 that caused a contraction in economic activity during the year, as well as an increase in compensation and benefits expense. These changes were partially offset by a decrease in general and administrative expenses, which resulted from the cost savings initiatives that were put in place in response to COVID-19. Executive Search North America Adjusted EBITDA, as a percentage of fee revenue, was 25% in fiscal 2021 compared to 28% in fiscal 2020.
Executive Search EMEA Adjusted EBITDA decreased by $19.4 million, or 62%, to $11.7 million in fiscal 2021 compared to $31.1 million in fiscal 2020. The decrease was driven by lower fee revenue that resulted from actions taken by various government and other authoritative bodies in response to COVID-19 that caused a contraction in economic activity during the year.This was partially offset by decreases in compensation and benefits expense (excluding separation costs) and general and administrative expenses, which resulted from the cost savings initiatives that were put in place in response to COVID-19. Executive Search EMEA Adjusted EBITDA, as a percentage of fee revenue, was 8% in fiscal 2021 compared to 18% in fiscal 2020.
Executive Search Asia Pacific Adjusted EBITDA decreased by $6.2 million, or 27%, to $16.7 million in fiscal 2021 compared to $22.9 million in fiscal 2020. The decrease was driven by lower fee revenue that resulted from actions taken by various government and other authoritative bodies in response to COVID-19 that caused a contraction in economic activity during the year.This decrease was partially offset by decreases in compensation and benefits expense and general and administrative expenses, which resulted from the cost savings initiatives that were put in place in response to COVID-19. Executive Search Asia Pacific Adjusted EBITDA, as a percentage of fee revenue, was 20% in fiscal 2021 compared to 23% in fiscal 2020.
Executive Search Latin America Adjusted EBITDA decreased by $5.1 million, or 80%, to $1.3 million in fiscal 2021 compared to $6.4 million in fiscal 2020. The decrease was driven by lower fee revenue that resulted from actions taken by various government and other authoritative bodies in response to COVID-19 that caused a contraction in economic activity during the year.This decrease was partially offset by decreases in compensation and benefits expense and general and administrative expenses, which resulted from the cost savings initiatives that were put in place in response to COVID-19. Executive Search Latin America Adjusted EBITDA, as a percentage of fee revenue, was 7% in fiscal 2021 compared to 22% in fiscal 2020.
RPO & Professional Search Adjusted EBITDA was $69.4 million in fiscal 2021, an increase of $9.2 million, or 15%, compared to $60.2 million in fiscal 2020. The increase was driven by higher fee revenue and a decrease in general and administrative expenses, which resulted from cost savings initiatives that were put in place in response to COVID-19. These changes were partially offset by an increase in compensation and benefits expense. RPO & Professional Search Adjusted EBITDA, as a percentage of fee revenue, was 19% in fiscal 2021 compared to 17% in fiscal 2020.
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Other Income (Loss), Net
Other income, net was $37.2 million in fiscal 2021 compared to other loss, net of $2.9 million in fiscal 2020. The change from other loss, net to other income, net was primarily due to gains in the fair value of our marketable securities recognized in fiscal 2021 compared to losses in fiscal 2020. These gains recorded in fiscal 2021 were offset by the increases in our deferred compensation liability that were recorded as increases in compensation and benefits expense in fiscal 2021.
Interest Expense, Net
Interest expense, net primarily relates to our Notes issued in December 2019, our prior credit agreement, and borrowings under our COLI policies, which are partially offset by interest earned on cash and cash equivalent balances. Interest expense, net was $29.3 million in fiscal 2021 compared to $22.2 million in fiscal 2020. The increase in interest expense, net was related to the Notes, which have a higher interest rate than the revolver under our prior credit agreement that was outstanding for most of fiscal 2020.
Income Tax Provision
The provision for income tax was $48.1 million in fiscal 2021 compared to $43.9 million in fiscal 2020. This reflects a 29% effective tax rate in both fiscal 2021 and 2020.
Net Income Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest represents the portion of a subsidiary’s net earnings that are attributable to shares of such subsidiary not held by Korn Ferry that are included in the consolidated results of operations. Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest was $1.1 million and $2.1 million in fiscal 2021 and 2020, respectively.
Fiscal 2020 Compared to Fiscal 2019
We changed the presentation from the last year’s Form 10-K to reflect the performance of each of our seven reportable segments.
Fee Revenue
Fee Revenue. Fee revenue increased by $6.7 million, or 0.3%, to $1,932.7 million in fiscal 2020 compared to $1,926.0 million in fiscal 2019. Exchange rates unfavorably impacted fee revenue by $36.2 million, or 2%, in fiscal 2020 compared to fiscal 2019. The higher fee revenue was attributable to fee revenue generated from the Acquired Companies and growth in RPO & Professional Search, offset by decreases in Executive Search and Consulting principally impacted by COVID-19 in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2020.
Consulting. Consulting reported fee revenue of $543.1 million in fiscal 2020, a decrease of $25.2 million, or 4%, compared to $568.3 million in fiscal 2019. Exchange rates unfavorably impacted fee revenue by $10.9 million, or 2%, compared to fiscal 2019. The decrease was primarily due to the impact of COVID-19 in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2020.
Digital. Digital reported fee revenue of $292.4 million in fiscal 2020, an increase of $39.7 million, or 16%, compared to $252.7 million in fiscal 2019. The higher fee revenue was attributable to fee revenue generated from the Acquired Companies. Exchange rates unfavorably impacted fee revenue by $6.4 million, or 3%, compared to fiscal 2019.
Executive Search North America reported fee revenue of $434.6 million in fiscal 2020, a decrease of $21.2 million, or 5%, compared to $455.8 million in fiscal 2019. North America’s fee revenue was lower due to a 7% decrease in the number of engagements billed, partially offset by a 3% increase in the weighted-average fees billed per engagement (calculated using local currency) in fiscal 2020 compared to fiscal 2019.
Executive Search EMEA reported fee revenue of $170.3 million in fiscal 2020, a decrease of $12.5 million, or 7%, compared to $182.8 million in fiscal 2019. Exchange rates unfavorably impacted fee revenue by $5.9 million, or 3%, in fiscal 2020, compared to fiscal 2019. The decrease in fee revenue was due to a 3% decrease in the number of engagements billed and a 1% decrease in the weighted-average fees billed per engagement (calculated using local currency) in fiscal 2020 compared to fiscal 2019. The performance in Germany, United Kingdom, Norway, Sweden and Denmark were the primary contributors to the decrease in fee revenue in fiscal 2020 compared to fiscal 2019.
Executive Search Asia Pacific reported fee revenue of $98.1 million in fiscal 2020, a decrease of $6.2 million, or 6%, compared to $104.3 million in fiscal 2019. Exchange rates unfavorably impacted fee revenue by $2.9 million, or 3%, in fiscal 2020, compared to fiscal 2019. The decrease in fee revenue was due to a 5% decrease in the number of engagements billed, partially offset by a 2% increase in the weighted-average fees billed per engagement (calculated using local currency) in fiscal 2020 compared to fiscal 2019. The performance in Australia and China were the primary contributors to the decrease in fee revenue, partially offset by increases in fee revenue in Singapore and Japan in fiscal 2020 compared to fiscal 2019.
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Executive Search Latin America reported fee revenue of $29.4 millionin fiscal 2020, a decrease of $2.5 million, or 8%,compared to $31.9 million in fiscal 2019. Exchange rates unfavorably impacted fee revenue by $2.6 million, or 8%, in fiscal 2020, compared to fiscal 2019. The decrease in fee revenue was due to lower fee revenue in Brazil, Colombia and Argentina, partially offset by increases in fee revenue in Mexico and Chile in fiscal 2020 compared to fiscal 2019.
RPO & Professional Search. RPO & Professional Search reported fee revenue of $364.8 million in fiscal 2020, an increase of $34.7 million, or 11%, compared to $330.1 million in fiscal 2019. Exchange rates unfavorably impacted fee revenue by $6.9 million, or 2%, compared to fiscal 2019. Higher fee revenues in RPO and professional search of $26.4 million and $8.3 million, respectively, drove the increase in fee revenue.
Compensation and Benefits
Compensation and benefits expense decreased $13.2 million, or 1%, to $1,298.0 million in fiscal 2020 from $1,311.2 million in fiscal 2019. Exchange rates favorably impacted compensation and benefits by $22.6 million, or 2%, in fiscal 2020 compared to fiscal 2019. The decrease in compensation and benefits expense was due to lower performance-related bonus expense due to lower fee revenue as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, a decrease in expenses associated with our deferred compensation and retirement plans driven by a decrease in the fair value of participants’ accounts and a decrease in integration/ acquisition costs. These decreases in compensation and benefits expense were partially offset by a 3% increase in average headcount, which contributed to an increase in salaries and related payroll taxes in fiscal 2020 compared to fiscal 2019. Compensation and benefits expense, as a percentage of fee revenue, decreased to 67% in fiscal 2020 from 68% in fiscal 2019.
Consulting compensation and benefits expense decreased by $17.8 million, or 5%, to $373.2 million in fiscal 2020 from $391.0 million in fiscal 2019. Exchange rates favorably impacted compensation and benefits by $7.8 million, or 2%, in fiscal 2020 compared to fiscal 2019. The change was primarily due to lower performance-related bonus expense due to lower fee revenue as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, partially offset by an increase in salaries and related payroll taxes. Consulting compensation and benefits expense, as a percentage of fee revenue, was 69% for both the fiscal 2020 and 2019.
Digital compensation and benefits expense increased by $16.6 million, or 12%, to $149.7 million in fiscal 2020 from $133.1 million in fiscal 2019. Exchange rates favorably impacted compensation and benefits by $2.8 million, or 2%, in fiscal 2020 compared to fiscal 2019. The increase in compensation and benefits expense was due to an increase in salaries and related payroll taxes mainly from the Acquired Companies resulting in a 12% increase in the average headcount in fiscal 2020 compared to fiscal 2019.Digital compensation and benefits expense, as a percentage of fee revenue, decreased to 51% in fiscal 2020 from 53% in fiscal 2019.
Executive Search North America compensation and benefits expense decreased by $16.3 million, or 6%, to $269.7 million in fiscal 2020 compared to $286.0 million in fiscal 2019. The decrease was due to lower performance-related bonus expense due to lower fee revenue as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. The rest of the change was due to a decrease in the expenses associated with our deferred compensation and retirement plans driven by a decrease in the fair value of participants’ accounts. Executive Search North America compensation and benefits expense, as a percentage of fee revenue, decreased to 62% in fiscal 2020 from 63% in fiscal 2019.
Executive Search EMEA compensation and benefits expense decreased by $9.1 million, or 7%, to $119.7 million in fiscal 2020 compared to $128.8 million in fiscal 2019. Exchange rates favorably impacted compensation and benefits by $3.8 million, in fiscal 2020 compared to fiscal 2019. The decrease was primarily due to lower performance-related bonus expense due to lower fee revenue as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. Executive Search EMEA compensation and benefits expense, as a percentage of fee revenue, was 70% in both fiscal 2020 and 2019.
Executive Search Asia Pacific compensation and benefits expense decreased by $2.9 million, or 4%, to $64.3 million in fiscal 2020 compared to $67.2 million in fiscal 2019. Exchange rates favorably impacted compensation and benefits by $1.8 million, in fiscal 2020 compared to fiscal 2019. The decrease was due to lower performance-related bonus expense due to lower fee revenue as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. Executive Search Asia Pacific compensation and benefits expense, as a percentage of fee revenue, increased to 65% in fiscal 2020 from 64% in fiscal 2019.
Executive Search Latin America compensation and benefits expense decreased by $1.8 million, or 9%, to $18.7 million in fiscal 2020 compared to $20.5 million in fiscal 2019. Exchange rates favorably impacted compensation and benefits by $1.6 million, in fiscal 2020 compared to fiscal 2019. The decrease in compensation and benefits expense was due to a decrease in salaries and related payroll taxes as a result of a 5% decrease in the average headcount in fiscal 2020 compared to fiscal 2019. Executive Search Latin America compensation and benefits expense, as a percentage of fee revenue, was 64% for both fiscal 2020 and fiscal 2019.
RPO & Professional Search compensation and benefits expense increased by $26.4 million, or 11%, to $261.0 million in fiscal 2020 from $234.6 million in fiscal 2019. Exchange rates favorably impacted compensation and
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benefits by $4.5 million, or 2%, in fiscal 2020 compared to fiscal 2019. The increase was due toa 14% increase in the average headcount in fiscal 2020 compared to fiscal 2019, partially offset by a decrease in lower performance-related bonus expensedue to lower fee revenue as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic.RPO & Professional Search compensation and benefits expense, as a percentage of fee revenue, increased to 72% in fiscal 2020 from 71% in fiscal 2019.
Corporate compensation and benefits expense decreased by $8.4 million, or 17%, to $41.7 million in fiscal 2020 from $50.1 million in fiscal 2019. The decrease was primarily due to lower performance-related bonus expense due to lower fee revenue as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic and a decrease in expenses associated with our deferred compensation and retirement plans in fiscal 2020 compared to fiscal 2019.
General and Administrative Expenses
General and administrative expenses decreased $93.0 million, or 26%, to $259.0 million in fiscal 2020 compared to $352.0 million in fiscal 2019. Exchange rates favorably impacted general and administrative expenses by $6.2 million, or 2%, in fiscal 2020 compared to fiscal 2019. The decrease in general and administrative expenses was magnified by a one-time write-off of tradenames of $106.6 million in fiscal 2019 related to the Plan. The decrease in general and administrative expenses was partially offset by increases in marketing and business development expenses and integration/acquisition costs. General and administrative expenses, as a percentage of fee revenue, decreased to 13% in fiscal 2020 from 18% in fiscal 2019, however, excluding the tradename write-offs, general and administrative expenses as a percentage of fee revenue was 13% in both fiscal 2020 and 2019.
Consulting general and administrative expenses decreased by $79.1 million, or 54%, to $67.1 million in fiscal 2020 compared to $146.2 million in fiscal 2019. The decrease in general and administrative expenses was magnified by a one-time write-off of tradenames related to the Plan of $77.0 million in fiscal 2019. Consulting general and administrative expenses, as a percentage of fee revenue, decreased to 12% in fiscal 2020 from 26% in fiscal 2019. Excluding the tradename write-offs, general and administrative expenses as a percentage of fee revenue was 12% in both fiscal 2020 and 2019.
Digital general and administrative expenses decreased by $19.4 million, or 33%, to $38.7 million in fiscal 2020 compared to $58.1 million in fiscal 2019. The decrease in general and administrative expenses was magnified by a one-time write-off of tradenames related to the Plan of $29.6 million in fiscal 2019, partially offset by an increase in integration/acquisition costs and premise and office expenses. Digital general and administrative expenses, as a percentage of fee revenue, decreased to 13% in fiscal 2020 from 23% in fiscal 2019. Excluding the tradename write-offs, general and administrative expenses as a percentage of fee revenue was 13% in fiscal 2020 compared to 11% in fiscal 2019.
Executive Search North America general and administrative expenses decreased by $2.9 million, or 7%, to $39.0 million in fiscal 2020 from $41.9 million in fiscal 2019. The decrease in general and administrative expenses was primarily due to decreases in legal and other professional fees and travel related expenses in fiscal 2020 compared to fiscal 2019. Executive Search North America general and administrative expenses, as a percentage of fee revenue, was 9% for both fiscal 2020 and 2019.
Executive Search EMEA general and administrative expenses decreased by $1.3 million, or 6%, to $21.0 million in fiscal 2020 from $22.3 million in fiscal 2019. The decrease in general and administrative expenses was primarily due to decreases in travel related expenses and premise and office expenses, partially offset by an increase in foreign currency losses in fiscal 2020 compared to fiscal 2019. Executive Search EMEA general and administrative expenses, as a percentage of fee revenue, was 12% for both fiscal 2020 and 2019.
Executive Search Asia Pacific general and administrative expenses decreased by $0.3 million, or 3%, to $10.6 million in fiscal 2020 from $10.9 million in fiscal 2019. The decrease in general and administrative expenses was primarily due to decreases in legal and other professional fees, travel related expenses and foreign currency gains in fiscal 2020 compared to foreign currency losses in fiscal 2019. This was partially offset by an increase in bad debt expense in fiscal 2020 compared to fiscal 2019. Executive Search Asia Pacific general and administrative expenses, as a percentage of fee revenue, increased to 11% in fiscal 2020 from 10% in fiscal 2019.
Executive Search Latin America general and administrative expenses decreased by $2.7 million, or 39%, to $4.3 million in fiscal 2020 from $7.0 million in fiscal 2019. The decrease in general and administrative expenses was primarily due to a decrease in premise and office expenses and to a lesser extent foreign currency gains in fiscal 2020 compared foreign currency losses in fiscal 2019. Executive Search Latin America general and administrative expenses, as a percentage of fee revenue, decreased to 15% in fiscal 2020 from 22% in fiscal 2019.
RPO & Professional Search general and administrative expenses increased by $3.1 million, or 11%, to $31.2 million in fiscal 2020 from $28.1 million in fiscal 2019. The increase was primarily due to an increase in premise and office expense and to a lesser extent foreign exchange loss in fiscal 2020 compared to foreign exchange gain in fiscal
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2019. RPO & Professional Search general and administrative expenses, as a percentage of fee revenue, was 9% in both fiscal 2020 and 2019.
Corporate general and administrative expenses increased by $9.5 million, or 25%, to $47.0 million in fiscal 2020 compared to $37.5 million in fiscal 2019. The increase was due to integration/acquisition costs incurred in fiscal 2020 related to the purchase of the Acquired Companies and increases in marketing and business development expenses in fiscal 2020 compared to fiscal 2019.
Cost of Services Expense
Cost of services expense consists primarily of contractor and product costs related to the delivery of various services and products, primarily in RPO & Professional Search, Consulting and Digital. Cost of services expense was $85.9 million in fiscal 2020 compared to $75.5 million in fiscal 2019. Cost of services expense, as a percentage of fee revenue, was 4% in both the fiscal 2020 and 2019.
Depreciation and Amortization Expenses
Depreciation and amortization expenses were $55.3 million in fiscal 2020, an increase of $8.8 million, or 19%, compared to $46.5 million in fiscal 2019. The increase was related primarily to the Acquired Companies and technology investments made in the current and prior year in software and computer equipment, in addition to increases in leasehold improvement and furniture and fixtures.
Restructuring Charges, Net
In November 2019, we implemented a restructuring plan to eliminate redundant positions that were created due to investments made in our digital business and the acquisition of the Acquired Companies. In April 2020, we implemented a second plan in response to the uncertainty caused by COVID-19 that resulted in reductions in our workforce. As a result of these two plans, we recorded restructuring charges of $58.6 million of severance costs in fiscal 2020. There were no restructuring charges in fiscal 2019.
Net Income Attributable to Korn Ferry
Net income attributable to Korn Ferry increased by $2.2 million to $104.9 million in fiscal 2020 compared $102.7 million in fiscal 2019. The increase was primarily driven by lower operating expenses of $31.7 million, partially offset by an increase in income tax expense of $14.4 million and losses in the fair value of our marketable securities incurred in fiscal 2020 compared to gains in fiscal 2019. Net income attributable to Korn Ferry, as a percentage of fee revenue, was 5% in both the fiscal 2020 and 2019.
Adjusted EBITDA
Adjusted EBITDA decreased by $10.0 million to $301.0 million in fiscal 2020 compared to $311.0 million in fiscal 2019. Adjusted EBITDA, as a percentage of fee revenue, was 16% in both the fiscal 2020 and 2019.
Consulting Adjusted EBITDA was $61.1 million in fiscal 2020, a decrease of $5.4 million, or 8%, compared to $66.5 million in fiscal 2019. The decrease was driven by lower fee revenue of $25.2 million largely due to the impact of COVID-19 in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2020. The decrease in adjusted EBITDA was partially offset by decreases of $12.5 million in compensation and benefits expense (excluding integration/acquisition costs), $6.0 million in cost of services expense and $2.1 million in general and administrative expenses (excluding tradename write-offs in fiscal 2019) in fiscal 2020 compared to fiscal 2019. Consulting Adjusted EBITDA, as a percentage of fee revenue, was 11% in fiscal 2020 compared to 12% in fiscal 2019.
Digital Adjusted EBITDA was $83.1 million in fiscal 2020, a decrease of $1.4 million, or 2%, compared to $84.5 million in fiscal 2019. The decrease was driven by higher compensation and benefits expense (excluding integration/acquisition costs) of $15.5 million, higher cost of service expenses of $18.3 million and an increase of $6.7 million in general and administrative expenses (excluding integration/acquisition costs in fiscal 2020 and write-off of tradenames in fiscal 2019). This was partially offset by an increase of $39.7 million in fee revenue in fiscal 2020 compared to fiscal 2019. Digital Adjusted EBITDA, as a percentage of fee revenue, was 28% in fiscal 2020 as compared to 33% in fiscal 2019.
Executive Search North America Adjusted EBITDA decreased by $10.6 million, or 8%, to $120.7 million in fiscal 2020 compared to $131.3 million in fiscal 2019. The decrease was driven by lower fee revenue of $21.2 million in fiscal 2020 compared to fiscal 2019 largely due to the impact of COVID-19 in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2020 and losses in the fair value of our marketable securities incurred in fiscal 2020 compared to gains in fiscal 2019. The decrease in Adjusted EBITDA was partially offset by a decrease of $16.3 million in compensation and benefits expense and $2.9 million in general and administrative expenses. Executive Search North America Adjusted EBITDA, as a percentage of fee revenue, decreased to 28% in fiscal 2020 from 29% in fiscal 2019.
Executive Search EMEA Adjusted EBITDA decreased by $0.6 million, or 2%, to $31.1 million in fiscal 2020 compared to $31.7 million in fiscal 2019. The decrease was driven by lower fee revenue of $12.5 million in fiscal 2020 compared
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to fiscal 2019 largely due to the impact of COVID-19 in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2020. The decrease in Adjusted EBITDA was partially offset by a decrease of $10.9 million in compensation and benefits expense (excluding separation costs in fiscal 2020) and $1.3 million in general and administrative expenses. Executive Search EMEA Adjusted EBITDA, as a percentage of fee revenue, increased to 18% in fiscal 2020 from 17% in fiscal 2019.
Executive Search Asia Pacific Adjusted EBITDA decreased by $3.2 million, or 12%, to $22.9 million in fiscal 2020 compared to $26.1 million in fiscal 2019. The decrease was driven by lower fee revenue of $6.2 million in fiscal 2020 compared to fiscal 2019 largely due to the impact of COVID-19 in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2020. The decrease in Adjusted EBITDA was partially offset by a decrease of $2.9 million in compensation and benefits expense and $0.3 million in general and administrative expenses. Executive Search Asia Pacific Adjusted EBITDA, as a percentage of fee revenue, decreased to 23% in fiscal 2020 from 25% in fiscal 2019.
Executive Search Latin America Adjusted EBITDA increased by $1.7 million, or 36%, to $6.4 million in fiscal 2020 compared to $4.7 million in fiscal 2019. The increase was driven by decreases of $2.7 million in general and administrative expenses and $1.8 million in compensation and benefits expense. The increase was partially offset by lower fee revenue of $2.5 million in fiscal 2020 compared to fiscal 2019 largely due to the impact of COVID-19 in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2020. Executive Search Latin America Adjusted EBITDA, as a percentage of fee revenue, increased to 22% in fiscal 2020 from 15% in fiscal 2019.
RPO & Professional Search Adjusted EBITDA was $60.2 million in fiscal 2020, an increase of $5.8 million, or 11%, compared to $54.4 million in fiscal 2019. The increase was driven by higher fee revenue of $34.7 million driven by higher fee revenues in RPO and professional search of $26.4 million and $8.3 million, respectively. The increase in adjusted EBITDA was partially offset by increases of $26.4 million in compensation and benefits expense and $3.1 million in general and administrative expenses, in fiscal 2020 compared to fiscal 2019. RPO & Professional Search Adjusted EBITDA, as a percentage of fee revenue, was 17% in fiscal 2020 compared to 16% in fiscal 2019.
Other (Loss) Income, Net
Other loss, net was $2.9 million in fiscal 2020 compared to other income, net of $10.4 million in fiscal 2019. The change from other income, net to other loss, net was primarily due to losses in the fair value of our marketable securities incurred in fiscal 2020 compared to gains in fiscal 2019. These losses were offset by the decreases in our deferred compensation liability that are recorded as decreases in compensation and benefits expense in fiscal 2020.
Interest Expense, Net
Interest expense, net primarily relates to the 4.625% Senior Unsecured Notes due 2027 (the “Notes”) issued in December 2019, our prior credit agreement, and borrowings under our COLI policies, which are partially offset by interest earned on cash and cash equivalent balances. Interest expense, net was $22.2 million in fiscal 2020 compared to $16.9 million in fiscal 2019. The increase in interest expense, net was related to the newly issued Notes, which have a higher interest rate and a higher principal balance than the revolver under our prior credit agreement.
Income Tax Provision
The provision for income tax was $43.9 million in fiscal 2020 compared to $29.5 million in fiscal 2019. This reflects a 29% and 22% effective tax rate for fiscal 2020 and 2019, respectively. The higher effective tax rate in fiscal 2020 is partially attributable to state income tax on a higher domestic income and a lower tax benefit recorded in connection with stock-based compensation than during fiscal 2019.
Net Income Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest represents the portion of a subsidiary’s net earnings that are attributable to shares of such subsidiary not held by Korn Ferry that are included in the consolidated results of operations. Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest was $2.1 million in both fiscal 2020 and 2019.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
The Company and its Board of Directors endorse a balanced approach to capital allocation. The Company’s long-term priority is to invest in growth initiatives, such as the hiring of consultants, the continued development of IP and derivative products and services, and the investment in synergistic, accretive merger and acquisition transactions that earn a return that is superior to the Company's cost of capital. Next, the Company’s capital allocation approach contemplates the return of a portion of excess capital to stockholders, in the form of a regular quarterly dividend, subject to the factors discussed below and in the “Risk Factors” section of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Additionally, the Company considers share repurchases on an opportunistic basis and subject to the terms of our Credit Agreement (defined below) as well as using excess cash to repay the Notes.
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On November 1, 2019, we completed the acquisition of the Acquired Companies in the leadership development area for $108.6 million, net of cash acquired.Actual results of operations of the Acquired Companies are included in our consolidated financial statements from November 1, 2019, the effective date of the acquisition.On November 1, 2019, we also adopted a restructuring plan to rationalize our cost structure to position us to realize efficiencies and operational improvements.
As previously discussed under the heading “Impact of COVID-19”, with the implementation of the restructuring plan that was initiated on April 20, 2020 to reduce, in part, our human capital expenditures, and the improved business activity we experienced in the second, third, and fourth quarter demonstrated by an increase in fee revenue compared to the first quarter of fiscal 2021, we believe our costs are in line with our current revenue levels, but given the unpredictable and fluid nature of the pandemic and its economic consequences our revenue levels could fall below our current levels. Given the amount available from our current revolver and the amount of cash and cash equivalents and marketable securities net of amounts held in trust for deferred compensations and accrued bonuses, we believe that we have sufficient liquidity to meet our anticipated working capital, capital expenditures, general corporate requirements, repayment of the debt obligations and dividend payments under our dividend policy in the next 12 months.
On December 16, 2019, we completed a private placement of the Notes with a $400 million principal amount pursuant to Rule 144A and Regulation S under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. The Notes were issued with a $4.5 million discount and will mature December 15, 2027, with interest payable semi-annually in arrears on June 15 and December 15 of each year, that commenced on June 15, 2020. The Notes represent senior unsecured obligations that rank equally in right of payment to all existing and future senior unsecured indebtedness. We may redeem the Notes prior to maturity, subject to certain limitations and premiums defined in the indenture governing the Notes. The Notes are guaranteed by each of our existing and future wholly owned domestic subsidiaries to the extent such subsidiaries guarantee our revolving credit facility under the Credit Agreement (defined below). The indenture governing the Notes requires that, upon the occurrence of both a Change of Control and a Rating Decline (each as defined in the indenture), we shall make an offer to purchase all of the Notes at 101% of their principal amount, and accrued and unpaid interest. We used the proceeds from the offering of the Notes to repay $276.9 million outstanding under our prior revolving credit facility (the “Prior Credit Agreement”) and to pay expenses and fees in connection therewith. As of April 30, 2021, the fair value of the Notes is $416.5 million, which is based on borrowing rates currently required of notes with similar terms, maturity and credit risk.
On December 16, 2019, we also entered into a senior secured $650.0 million credit agreement (the “Credit Agreement”) with a syndicate of banks and Bank of America, National Association as administrative agent to among other things, provide for enhanced financial flexibility. See Note 11—Long-Term Debt for a description of the Credit Agreement. We had a total of $646.0 million available under our $650.0 million five-year senior secured revolving credit facility (the “Revolver”) after $4.0 million of standby letters of credit had been issued as of April 30, 2021 and 2020. We had a total of $11.0 million and $11.3 million of standby letters of credits with other financial institutions as of April 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The standby letters of credits were generally issued as a result of entering into office premise leases.
On December 8, 2014, the Board of Directors adopted a dividend policy to distribute to our stockholders a regular quarterly cash dividend of $0.10 per share. Every quarter since the adoption of the dividend policy, the Company has declared a quarterly dividend. On June 21, 2021, the Board of Directors approved a 20% increase to our quarterly dividend, which is now at $0.12 per share. The declaration and payment of future dividends under the quarterly dividend program will be at the discretion of the Board of Directors and will depend upon many factors, including our earnings, capital requirements, financial conditions, the terms of our indebtedness and other factors our Board of Directors may deem to be relevant. Our Board of Directors may, however, amend, revoke or suspend our dividend policy at any time and for any reason.
On March 6, 2019, our Board of Directors approved an increase to the share repurchase program of approximately $200 million, which at the time brought our available capacity to repurchase shares in the open market or privately negotiated transactions to approximately $250 million. The Company repurchased approximately $30.4 million and $92.4 million of the Company’s stock during fiscal 2021 and 2020, respectively. As of April 30, 2021, $127.9 million remained available for common stock repurchases under our share repurchase program.Any decision to continue to execute our currently outstanding share repurchase program will depend on our earnings, capital requirements, financial condition and other factors considered relevant by our Board of Directors. The Credit Agreement permits us to pay dividends to our stockholders and make share repurchases so long as there is no default under the Credit Agreement, our total funded debt to adjusted EBITDA ratio (as set forth in the Credit Agreement, the “consolidated net leverage ratio”) is no greater than 4.00 to 1.00, and pro forma liquidity is at least $50 million, including the revolving credit commitment minus amounts outstanding on the Revolver, issued letters of credit and swing loans. Furthermore, our Notes allow us to pay $25 million of dividends per fiscal year with no restrictions plus an unlimited amount of dividends so long as our consolidated total leverage ratio is not greater than 3.50 to 1.00, and there is no default under the indenture governing the Notes.
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Our performance is subject to the general level of economic activity in the geographic regions and the industries we service. We believe, based on current economic conditions, that our cash on hand and funds from operations and the Credit Agreement will be sufficient to meet anticipated working capital, capital expenditures, general corporate requirements, repayment of the debt, share repurchases and dividend payments under our dividend policy during the next 12months. However, if COVID-19 continues to persist or worsen, or the national or global economy, credit market conditions and/or labor markets were to deteriorate in the future, such changes could put negative pressure on demand for our services and affect our operating cash flows. If these conditions were to persist over an extended period of time, we may incur negative cash flows and it might require us to access additional borrowings under the Credit Agreement to meet our capital needs and/or discontinue our share repurchases and dividend policy.
Cash and cash equivalents and marketable securities were $1,097.1 million and $863.3 million as of April 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Net of amounts held in trust for deferred compensation plans and accrued bonuses, cash and marketable securities were $642.1 million and $531.9 million at April 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively. As of April 30, 2021 and 2020, we held $382.8 million and $308.2 million, respectively of cash and cash equivalents in foreign locations, net of amounts held in trust for deferred compensation plans and to pay fiscal 2021 annual bonuses.Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash and highly liquid investments purchased with original maturities of three months or less. Marketable securities consist of mutual funds and investments in commercial paper, corporate notes/bonds and US Treasury and Agency securities. The primary objectives of our investment in mutual funds are to meet the obligations under certain of our deferred compensation plans, while the commercial paper, corporate notes/bonds and U.S. Treasury and Agency securities are available for general corporate purposes.
As of April 30, 2021 and 2020, marketable securities of $246.4 million and $174.1 million, respectively, included equity securities of $175.6 million (net of gross unrealized gains of $30.0 million and gross unrealized losses of $0.1 million) and $141.4 million (net of gross unrealized gains of $3.6 million and gross unrealized losses of $6.5 million), respectively, were held in trust for settlement of our obligations under certain deferred compensation plans, of which $166.5 million and $132.1 million, respectively, are classified as non-current. These marketable securities were held to satisfy vested obligations totaling $157.3 million and $124.6 million as of April 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Unvested obligations under the deferred compensation plans totaled $26.5 million and $21.7 million as of April 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
The net increase in our working capital of $124.2 million as of April 30, 2021 compared to April 30, 2020 is primarily attributable to increases in cash and cash equivalents and accounts receivables, partially offset by increases in compensation and benefits payable. Cash and cash equivalents increased due to cash flows from operations and positive effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents, partially offset by capital expenditures, net purchases of marketable securities, repurchases of common stock and dividends to shareholders. The increase in compensation and benefits payable was primarily due to an increase in bonus liability on April 30, 2021 compared to April 30, 2020 and to a lesser extent an increase in the deferred compensation amounts due within a year. The increase in accounts receivable was due to higher fee revenue in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2021 compared to year-ago period and the timing of when the revenue was recognized during the quarter. In fiscal 2021 more revenue was generated towards the end of the quarter whereas in fiscal 2020 more revenue was generated at the beginning of the quarter. Cash provided by operating activities was $251.4 million in fiscal 2021, an increase of $15.1 million, compared to $236.3 million in fiscal 2020.
Cash used in investing activities was $61.4 million in fiscal 2021 compared to $198.8 million in fiscal 2020. A decrease in cash used in investing activities was primarily due to cash paid for the acquisition of the Acquired Companies of $108.6 million in fiscal 2020 and an increase in the proceeds received from life insurance policies. Also contributing to a lower amount of cash used in investing activity was a decrease in the purchase of property and equipment in fiscal 2021 compared to fiscal 2020.
Cash used in financing activities was $66.9 million in fiscal 2021 compared to cash provided by financing activities of $43.7 million in fiscal 2020. The change from cash provided to cash used in financing activities was primarily due to net proceeds from long term debt of $168.6 million in fiscal 2020 as a result of issuing the Notes in the year-ago period and paying off the amount outstanding under the prior revolving credit facility and an increase in payments on life insurance policy loans of $11.3 million. This was partially offset by lower cash used to repurchase shares of common stock of $62.1 million.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
We have no off-balance sheet arrangements and have not entered into any transactions involving unconsolidated, special purpose entities.
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Contractual Obligations
Contractual obligations represent future cash commitments and liabilities under agreements with third parties and exclude contingent liabilities for which we cannot reasonably predict future payment. The following table represents our contractual obligations as of April 30, 2021:
Payments Due in:
Note (1) Total Less Than 1 Year 1-3 Years 3-5 Years More Than 5 Years
(in thousands)
In addition to the contractual obligations above, we have liabilities related to certain employee benefit plans. These liabilities are recorded in our consolidated balance sheets. The obligations related to these employee benefit plans are described in Note 6—Deferred Compensation and Retirement Plans, in the Notes to our Consolidated Financial Statements in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Lastly, we have contingent commitments under certain employment agreements that are payable upon involuntary termination without cause, as described in Note 17—Commitments and Contingencies, in the Notes to our Consolidated Financial Statements in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Cash Surrender Value of Company Owned Life Insurance Policies, Net of Loans
We purchased COLI policies or contracts insuring the lives of certain employees eligible to participate in the deferred compensation and pension plans as a means of funding benefits under such plans. As of April 30, 2021 and 2020, we held contracts with gross cash surrender value (“CSV”) of $241.3 million and $238.7 million, respectively. Total outstanding borrowings against the CSV of COLI contracts were $80.0 million and $92.3 million as of April 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Such borrowings do not require annual principal repayments, bear interest primarily at variable rates and are secured by the CSV of COLI contracts. At April 30, 2021 and 2020, the net cash value of these policies was $161.3 million and $146.4 million, respectively. Total death benefits payable, net of loans under COLI contracts, were $443.9 million and $451.7 million at April 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
Long-Term Debt
On December 16, 2019, we completed a private placement of the Notes with a $400 million principal amount. We may redeem the Notes prior to maturity, subject to certain limitations and premiums defined in the indenture governing the Notes. At any time prior to December 15, 2022, we may redeem at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal plus the Applicable Premium (as defined in the indenture), and accrued and unpaid interest. At any time prior to December 15, 2022, we may use the proceeds of certain equity offerings to redeem up to 35% of the aggregate principal amount of the Notes, including any permitted additional Notes, at a redemption price equal to 104.625% of the principal amount and accrued and unpaid interest. At any time and from time to time on or after December 15, 2022, we may redeem the Notes at the applicable redemption prices set forth in the table below, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if redeemed during the 12-month period beginning on December 15 of each of the years indicated:
Year Percentage
The fair value of the Notes is classified as a Level 2 measurement in the fair value hierarchy.
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The pay-off of the term loan outstanding under our Prior Credit Agreement is considered a debt modification and therefore, the previously incurred unamortized and current debt issuance costs is amortized over the life of the new issuance.
The principal balance of the Revolver is due on the date of its termination. The Revolver matures on December 16, 2024 and any unpaid principal balance is payable on this date. The Revolver may also be prepaid and terminated early by us at any time without premium or penalty (subject to customary LIBOR breakage fees).
At our option, loans issued under the Credit Agreement will bear interest at either LIBOR or an alternate base rate, in each case plus the applicable interest rate margin. The interest rate applicable to loans outstanding under the Credit Agreement may fluctuate between LIBOR plus 1.25% per annum to LIBOR plus 2.00% per annum, in the case of LIBOR borrowings (or between the alternate base rate plus 0.125% per annum and the alternate base rate plus 1.00% per annum, in the alternative), based upon our total funded debt to adjusted EBITDA ratio (as set forth in the Credit Agreement, the “consolidated net leverage ratio”) at such time. In addition, we will be required to pay to the lenders a quarterly commitment fee ranging from 0.175% to 0.35% per annum on the average daily unused amount of the Revolver, based upon our consolidated net leverage ratio at such time, and fees relating to the issuance of letters of credit. During fiscal 2020, the average interest rate on amounts outstanding under the current Revolver and the prior revolver was 3.34%.
As of April 30, 2021 and 2020, there was no outstanding liability under the Revolver. The unamortized debt issuance costs associated with the Credit Agreement were $3.3 million and $4.2 million as of April 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively. As of April 30, 2021, we were in compliance with our debt covenants.
We had a total of $646.0 million available under the Revolver after $4.0 million of standby letters of credit had been issued as of April 30, 2021 and 2020. We had a total of $11.0 million and $11.3 million of standby letters of credits with other financial institutions as of April 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The standby letters of credits were generally issued as a result of entering into office premise leases.
Other than the factors discussed in this section and the potential impacts of the COVID-19 on our business, we are not aware of any other trends, demands or commitments that would materially affect liquidity or those that relate to our resources as of April 30, 2021.
Accounting Developments
Recently Adopted Accounting Standards
In June 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the “FASB”) issued guidance on accounting for measurement of credit losses on financial instruments, which amends the impairment model by requiring entities to use a forward-looking approach based on expected losses to estimate credit losses on certain types of financial instruments, including trade receivables. The standard became effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. We adopted this guidance as of May 1, 2020. The adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements.
In January 2017, FASB issued guidance simplifying the test for goodwill impairment. The new guidance simplified the test for goodwill impairment by removing Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test. Companies now perform the goodwill impairment test by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount, recognizing an impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit’s fair value not to exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. An entity still has the option to perform the qualitative assessment for a reporting unit to determine if the quantitative impairment test is necessary. The amendments of this standard became effective for goodwill impairment tests in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. We adopted this guidance as of May 1, 2020. The adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements.
In August 2018, FASB issued guidance amending the disclosure requirements for fair value measurements. The amendment removed and modified disclosures that are currently required and added additional disclosures that are deemed relevant. The amendments of this standard became effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. We adopted this guidance as of May 1, 2020.The adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements.
In August 2018, FASB also issued guidance amending accounting for internal-use software. The new guidance aligned the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred in a hosting arrangement that is a service contract with developing or obtaining internal-use software. The amendments of this standard became effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, with early adoption permitted. We adopted this guidance as of May 1, 2020. The adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements.
In December 2019, FASB issued guidance on Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes. This update eliminated certain exceptions related to the approach for intra-period tax allocation, the methodology for calculating income
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taxes in an interim period and the recognition of deferred tax liabilities for outside basis differences. The update also simplified aspects of the accounting for franchise taxes and enacted changes in tax laws or rates and clarified the accounting for transactions that result in a step-up in the tax basis of goodwill. The amendments of this standard are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020, with early adoption permitted. We early adopted this guidance in fiscal year beginning May 1, 2020. The adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements.
Recently Proposed Accounting Standards - Not Yet Adopted
In March 2020, FASB issued guidance on Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting. This guidance provides optional expedients and exceptions to the guidance on contract modifications and hedge accounting related to the expected market transition from the London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) and other interbank offered rates to alternative rates. Entities can elect to adopt this guidance as of any date within an interim period that includes or is subsequent to March 12, 2020 and can adopt it for new contracts and contract modifications entered into through December 31, 2022. We will adopt this guidance in our fiscal year beginning May 1, 2022 and we may elect to apply the amendments prospectively through December 12, 2022. We are currently evaluating the impact of this accounting guidance, but do not anticipate that it will have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements.
Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
As a result of our global operating activities, we are exposed to certain market risks, including foreign currency exchange fluctuations and fluctuations in interest rates. We manage our exposure to these risks in the normal course of our business as described below.
Foreign Currency Risk
Substantially all our foreign subsidiaries’ operations are measured in their local currencies. Assets and liabilities are translated into U.S. dollars at the rates of exchange in effect at the end of each reporting period and revenue and expenses are translated at average rates of exchange during the reporting period. Resulting translation adjustments are reported as a component of accumulated other comprehensive loss, net on our consolidated balance sheets.
Transactions denominated in a currency other than the reporting entity’s functional currency may give rise to foreign currency gains or losses that impact our results of operations. Historically, we have not realized significant foreign currency gains or losses on such transactions. During fiscal 2021, 2020 and 2019, we recorded foreign currency losses of $2.7 million, $4.1 million and $1.7 million, respectively, in general and administrative expenses in the consolidated statements of income.
Our exposure to foreign currency exchange rates is primarily driven by fluctuations involving the following currencies — U.S. Dollar, Pound Sterling, Euro, Singapore Dollar, Canadian Dollar, Swiss Franc, Korean Won, Brazilian Real, and South African Rand. Based on balances exposed to fluctuation in exchange rates between these currencies as of April 30, 2021, a 10% increase or decrease in the value of these currencies could result in a foreign exchange gain or loss of $12.0 million. We have a program that primarily utilizes foreign currency forward contracts to offset the risks associated with the effects of certain foreign currency exposures. These foreign currency forward contracts are neither used for trading purposes nor are they designated as hedging instruments pursuant to Accounting Standards Codification 815, Derivatives and Hedging.
Interest Rate Risk
Our exposure to interest rate risk is limited to our Revolver, borrowings against the CSV of COLI contracts and to a lesser extent our fixed income debt securities. As of April 30, 2021, there were no amounts outstanding under the Revolver. At our option, loans issued under the Credit Agreement bear interest at either LIBOR or an alternate base rate, in each case plus the applicable interest rate margin. The interest rate applicable to loans outstanding under the Credit Agreement may fluctuate between LIBOR plus 1.125% per annum to LIBOR plus 2.00% per annum, in the case of LIBOR borrowings (or between the alternate base rate plus 0.125% per annum and the alternate base rate plus 1.00% per annum, in the alternative), based upon our total funded debt to adjusted EBITDA ratio (as set forth in the Credit Agreement, the “consolidated net leverage ratio”) at such time. In addition, we are required to pay the lenders a quarterly commitment fee ranging from 0.175% to 0.35% per annum on the average daily unused amount of the Revolver, based upon our consolidated net leverage ratio at such time, and fees relating to the issuance of letters of credit. During fiscal 2020, the average interest rate on current and previous term loans was 3.34%. The average interest rate on our previous term loan for 2019 was 3.50%.
We had $80.0 million and $92.3 million of borrowings against the CSV of COLI contracts as of April 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively, bearing interest primarily at variable rates. The risk of fluctuations in these variable rates is minimized by the fact that we receive a corresponding adjustment to our borrowed funds crediting rate which has the effect of increasing the CSV on our COLI contracts.
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Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
See Consolidated Financial Statements beginning on page F-1 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Supplemental Financial Information regarding quarterly results is contained in Note 18—Quarterly Results, in the Notes to our Consolidated Financial Statements in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure
Not applicable.
Item 9A. Controls and Procedures
a) Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures.
As of the end of the period covered by this Annual Report on Form 10-K, management, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures and internal controls over financial reporting. Based on their evaluation of our disclosure controls and procedures conducted as of the end of the period covered by this Annual Report on Form 10-K, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”)) are effective as of April 30, 2021.
b) Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting.
There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the fourth fiscal quarter that have materially affected or are reasonably likely to materially affect our internal control over financial reporting. See Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting and Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting on pages F-2 and F-3, respectively.
Item 9B. Other Information
Named Executive Officer Employment Agreements
On June 28, 2021, the Company entered into (1) an amended and restated employment agreement with Gary Burnison (the “Burnison Agreement”), (2) an amended and restated employment agreement with Robert Rozek (the “Rozek Agreement”), (3) an employment agreement with Byrne Mulrooney (the “Mulrooney Agreement”) and (4) an employment agreement with Mark Arian (the “Arian Agreement” and collectively, the “NEO Agreements” and each, an “NEO Agreement”). Each NEO Agreement supersedes the executive’s prior employment agreement or letter, as the case may be.
The NEO Agreements are terminable on notice by either party (on ninety days’ notice if by the executive or 30 days’ notice in the case of termination for “Good Reason”, as defined in the applicable NEO Agreement). The NEO Agreements provide for the following annual compensation: (1) an annual base salary, effective July 1, 2021, of $1,000,000 for Mr. Burnison, $625,000 for Mr. Rozek and $550,000 for each of Messrs. Mulrooney and Arian; (2) participation in the Company’s annual cash incentive plan with an annual target award of 150% of annual base salary for Mr. Burnison, 120% of annual base salary for Mr. Rozek and 100% of annual base salary for Messrs. Mulrooney and Arian, and the ability to earn additional amounts up to a maximum cash award of 200% of the applicable target bonus opportunity for each executive; and (3) subject to approval of the Compensation and Personnel Committee of the Board of Directors, participation in the Company’s equity incentive program. In addition, the executives are eligible to participate in employee benefit plans, arrangements and programs maintained from time to time by the Company for the benefit of senior executives.
The Burnison Agreement provides for continuation of the Retention Award originally granted under his previous employment agreement with the Company dated March 30, 2018 in the amount of $5 million, which cliff vests on March 30, 2022 (the “Retention Vesting Date”). Under the Burnison Agreement, interest will accrue on the Retention Award from March 30, 2022 until Mr. Burnison’s termination of employment at 120% of the long-term Applicable Federal Rate as in effect from time to time. The Retention Award, together with accrued interest, will be paid in equal monthly installments in cash (without further interest) over twelve months following Mr. Burnison’s termination of employment for any reason (other than termination by the Company for “Cause”, as defined in the Burnison Agreement) on or after the Retention Vesting Date. Payment of the Retention Award will be conditioned on Mr. Burnison’s execution and delivery of a general release of claims and his compliance with restrictive covenants relating to confidentiality, nonsolicitation and noncompetition. Upon any termination of Mr. Burnison’s employment on or after the Retention Vesting Date (other than by the Company for Cause or due to death or Disability (as defined in the NEO Agreements)), all unvested equity awards granted on or after March 30, 2018 (and at least 90 days prior to such termination, other than with respect to a termination by the Company without Cause or a termination by Mr. Burnison for Good Reason (as defined in the Burnison Agreement) (an “Involuntary Termination”) during such 90-day period, in which case, there shall be no such 90-day requirement) will continue to vest in accordance with their terms, disregarding such termination. Such continued vesting will be conditioned on Mr. Burnison’s execution and delivery of a general release of claims and his compliance with restrictive covenants relating to confidentiality,
56
nonsolicitation and noncompetition. As an exception, the post-Change in Control double trigger equity severance vesting rules described below would continue to apply in the event of an Involuntary Termination within 24 months after a Change in Control (as defined in the NEO Agreements).
Under each NEO Agreement, if the executive’s employment terminates due to death or Disability, then he, or his legal representatives, would receive: (1) all accrued compensation as of the date of termination; (2) full vesting of all outstanding stock options, other equity-type incentives (excluding performance shares) and benefits under the Executive Capital Accumulation Plan (“ECAP”); (3) a pro rata portion of his target annual cash incentive award for the fiscal year in which his employment terminated; (4) the number of performance shares that would have been earned if he had served the Company for the entire performance period and the target performance had been achieved; and (5) reimbursement of COBRA coverage premiums for the executive and his dependents for as long as such coverage was available under COBRA. In addition, for Mr. Burnison, any unvested amount of the Retention Award would vest.
If the Company terminates the executive’s employment for Cause at any time or he voluntarily terminates his employment without Good Reason, then the Company would pay him accrued compensation through the date of termination.
If the executive’s employment is Involuntarily Terminated prior to a Change in Control or more than 24 months after a Change in Control, then he will be entitled to the following: (1) his accrued compensation; (2) a pro rata portion of his annual cash incentive award, based on actual Company performance, for the year in which his employment terminated; (3) in the case of Mr. Burnison, solely if such termination occurs prior to the Retention Vesting Date, cash payments equal to the greater of (i) the sum of one and one-half times his then current annual base salary and one and one-half times his target annual cash incentive award, or (ii) the prorated amount of the Retention Award based on days worked from March 30, 2018 until the date of termination; and in the case of the other executives, cash payments equal to one and one-half times his then current annual base salary and one and one-quarter times his target annual cash incentive award; (4) for up to 18 months after termination, reimbursement of COBRA coverage premiums for the executive and his dependents for as long as such coverage was available under COBRA; (5) in the case of Mr. Burnison, solely if such termination occurs prior to the Retention Vesting Date, and Mr. Rozek, all outstanding stock options, other equity-type incentives, other long term awards and all benefits held under the ECAP (excluding performance awards) (collectively, the “Time Vested Awards”) will continue to vest in accordance with their terms (disregarding such termination) and, in the case of Messrs. Mulrooney and Arian, the Time Vested Awards that would have vested within 12 months of termination will become fully vested as of the date of such termination; and (6) in the case of Mr. Burnison, solely if such termination occurs prior to the Retention Vesting Date, and Mr. Rozek, the performance awards will vest based on actual performance through the entire performance period and, in the case of Messrs. Mulrooney and Arian, a pro rata portion of the performance awards will vest based on actual performance during the entire performance period and the number of days the executive was employed during the performance period plus an additional year (provided this number of days does not exceed the number of days in the performance period).
If the executive’s employment is Involuntarily Terminated within 24 months following a Change in Control, then he will be entitled to the following: (1) his accrued compensation; (2) a pro rata portion of his target annual cash incentive award; (3) in the case of Mr. Burnison, cash payments equal to three times his current annual base salary, three times his target annual cash incentive award and the amount of the Retention Award (to the extent not yet paid) and, in the case of Messrs. Rozek, Mulrooney and Arian, cash payments equal to two and one-half times the executive’s current annual base salary and two and one-half times the executive’s target annual cash incentive award; (4) for up to 18 months after termination, reimbursement of COBRA coverage premiums for him and his dependents for so long as such coverage is available under COBRA and for six months thereafter, reimbursement of a portion of the cost of healthcare coverage for him and his dependents; (5) vesting on the date of termination of all outstanding Time Vesting Awards; and (6) a number of performance awards equal to the greater of (i) the performance awards that would have been earned if the executive had served for the Company for the entirety of any open performance period and the Company’s performance during such period had been the Company’s actual performance through the date of the Change in Control and at the target level for the period subsequent to the Change in Control and (ii) the performance awards that would have been earned if the executive had served the Company for the entirety of any open performance period and the Company’s performance during such period had been at the target level of performance for the entire performance period.
If Mr. Rozek terminates his employment due to Retirement (as defined in the Rozek Agreement), he will be entitled to the following: (1) his accrued compensation; (2) Time Vested Awards that have been outstanding for more than 90 days will continue to vest in accordance with their terms (disregarding such termination); and (3) performance awards that have been outstanding for more than 90 days will vest based on actual performance through the entire performance period. Mr. Rozek is required to provide six months’ notice prior to terminating his employment due to Retirement.
57
Under the NEO Agreements, the severance benefits described above are conditioned on the executive’s execution and delivery of a general release and compliance with covenants relating to confidentiality, nonsolicitation and noncompetition.
In addition, in the event of a Change in Control, the NEO Agreements provide that any payments contingent on a Change in Control that would be subject to the excise tax imposed by Section 4999 of the Internal Revenue Code will be reduced by an amount equal to the smallest amount possible such that no payment would be subject to such excise tax; provided that if, without any reduction in payments, the net amount retained by the executive, after subtracting all taxes imposed thereon, would exceed the after-tax amount that would be retained by him after the reduction described above, then no reduction in payments will be made. The NEO Agreements also provide for indemnification of the executives to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law and the Company’s governing instruments in connection with suits or proceedings arising by reason of the fact that he is or was a director, officer or employee of the Company.
A copy of the NEO Agreements are attached as Exhibits 10.53, 10.54, 10.55 and 10.56 to this Annual Report.
Long-Term Performance Unit Plan and Executive Capital Accumulation Plan
On June 24, 2021, the Compensation and Personnel Committee (the “Committee”) of the Board of Directors of the Company amended and restated the Company’s Long-Term Performance Unit Plan (the “LTPUP”) and Executive Capital Accumulation Plan (the “ECAP”), effective as of July 1, 2021. The Committee amended and restated the LTPUP to provide that unit awards made thereunder on or after July 1, 2021 will have a total value upon becoming fully vested of $62,500, generally payable over five years in equal annual installments subject to the terms and conditions of the LTPUP, including the alternate payment provisions provided therein. The Committee amended and restated both the LTPUP and the ECAP to provide that, following the occurrence of a Change in Control Event (as defined in the applicable plan), a participant’s rights with respect to vested benefits under the plans may not be terminated due to the participant engaging in Detrimental Activity (as defined in the applicable plan). In addition, under the ECAP, if a participant’s employment is terminated on or following a Change in Control Event by the Company for any reason (other than for Cause, as defined in the ECAP) or due to the Participant’s retirement on or after attaining age 65, then the participant will become 100% vested in all amounts under the ECAP. A copy of the ECAP and the LTPUP are attached as Exhibits 10.50 and 10.51 to this Annual Report.
58
PART III.
Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance
The information required by this Item will be included under the captions “The Board of Directors” and, when applicable, “Delinquent Section 16(a) Reports” and elsewhere in our 2021 Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference. The information under the heading “Information about our Executive Officers” in Part I of this Annual Report on Form 10-K is also incorporated by reference in this section.
We have adopted a “Code of Business Conduct and Ethics” that applies to all of our directors, officers and employees, including our principal executive officer (who is our Chief Executive Officer), principal financial officer, and principal accounting officer (who is our Chief Financial Officer) and senior financial officers, or persons performing similar functions. The Code of Business Conduct and Ethics is available on the Investor Relations portion of our website at http://ir.kornferry.com. If, or when, applicable we will disclose amendments to certain provisions of the Code of Business Conduct and Ethics and waivers of the Code of Business Conduct and Ethics granted to executive officers and directors on our website within four business days following the date of the amendment or waiver.
Item 11. Executive Compensation
The information required by this Item will be included under the captions “Compensation Discussion and Analysis” and “Compensation of Executive Officers and Directors” and elsewhere in our 2021 Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference.
Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters
The information required by this Item will be included under the caption “Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management” and elsewhere in our 2021 Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference.
Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence
The information required by this Item will be included under the caption “Certain Relationships and Related Transactions” and elsewhere in our 2021 Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference.
Item 14. Principal Accountant Fees and Services
The information required by this Item will be included under the captions “Fees Paid to Ernst & Young LLP” and “Audit Committee Pre-Approval Policies and Procedures,” and elsewhere in our 2021 Proxy Statement, and is incorporated herein by reference.
59
PART IV.
Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules
Financial Statements.
a) The following documents are filed as part of this report:
1. Index to Financial Statements: Page
Exhibits:
Exhibit Number Description
60
61
21.1 Subsidiaries of Korn Ferry.
24.1 Power of Attorney (contained on signature page).
101.SCH Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.
101.CAL Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.
101.DEF Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.
101.LAB Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.
62
101.PRE Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.
* Management contract, compensatory plan or arrangement.
+ Incorporated herein by reference.
Item 16. Form 10-K Summary
None
63
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
Korn Ferry
By: /s/ Robert P. Rozek
Robert P. Rozek
Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Chief Corporate Officer
Date: June 28, 2021
POWER OF ATTORNEY
KNOW ALL MEN BY THESE PRESENTS, that each of the undersigned officers and directors of the registrant hereby constitutes and appoints Jonathan M. Kuai and Gary D. Burnison, and each of them, as lawful attorney-in-fact and agent for each of the undersigned (with full power of substitution and resubstitution, for and in the name, place and stead of each of the undersigned officers and directors), to sign and file with the Securities and Exchange Commission under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, any and all amendments, supplements and exhibits to this report and any and all other documents in connection therewith, hereby granting unto said attorneys-in-fact, and each of them, full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing necessary or desirable to be done in order to effectuate the same as fully and to all intents and purposes as each of the undersigned might or could do if personally present, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorneys-in-fact and agents, or any of them, or any of their substitutes, may do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
Signature Title Date
/s/ DOYLE N. BENEBY Doyle N. Beneby Director June 28, 2021
/s/ JERRY LEAMON Jerry Leamon Director June 28, 2021
/s/ ANGEL MARTINEZ Angel Martinez Director June 28, 2021
/s/ DEBRA J. PERRY Debra J. Perry Director June 28, 2021
/s/ LORI ROBINSON Lori Robinson Director June 28, 2021
/s/ GEORGE T. SHAHEEN George T. Shaheen Director June 28, 2021
64
KORN FERRY AND SUBSIDIARIES
INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
APRIL 30, 2021
Page
Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting F-2
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm F-4
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of April 30, 2021 and 2020 F-6
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements F-11
Financial Statements Schedule II – Valuation and Qualifying Accounts F-45
F-1
MANAGEMENT’S REPORT ON INTERNAL CONTROL OVER FINANCIAL REPORTING
Management of Korn Ferry (the “Company”) is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting and for the assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting. As defined by the Securities and Exchange Commission, internal control over financial reporting is a process designed by, or supervised by, the issuer’s principal executive and principal financial officers, and effected by the issuer’s board of directors, management and other personnel, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.
The Company’s internal control over financial reporting is supported by written policies and procedures, that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the Company’s assets; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the Company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of the Company’s management and directors; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of the Company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
In connection with the preparation of the Company’s annual financial statements, management of the Company has undertaken an assessment of the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of April 30, 2021 based on criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Management’s assessment included an evaluation of the design of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting and testing of the operational effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.
Based on this assessment, management did not identify any material weakness in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting, and management has concluded that the Company’s internal control over financial reporting was effective as of April 30, 2021.
Ernst & Young LLP, the independent registered public accounting firm that audited the Company’s financial statements for the year ended April 30, 2021 included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, has issued an audit report on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of April 30, 2021, a copy of which is included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
June 28, 2021
F-2
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTINGFIRM ON INTERNAL CONTROL OVER FINANCIAL REPORTING
To the Stockholders and Board of Directors of Korn Ferry:
Opinion on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
We have audited Korn Ferry and subsidiaries’ internal control over financial reporting as of April 30, 2021, based on criteria established in Internal Control— Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework) (the COSO criteria). In our opinion, Korn Ferry and subsidiaries (the Company) maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of April 30, 2021, based on the COSO criteria.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the consolidated balance sheets of the Companyas of April 30, 2021 and 2020, the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, stockholders' equity and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended April 30, 2021 and the related notes and the financial statement schedule listed in the index at Item 15(a) and our report dated June 28, 2021 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.
Basis for Opinion
The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting included in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects.
Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Definition and Limitations of Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
/s/ Ernst & Young LLP
Los Angeles, California
June 28, 2021
F-3
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED
PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Stockholders and Board of Directors of Korn Ferry
Opinion on the Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Korn Ferry and subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of April 30, 2021 and 2020, the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, stockholders' equity and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended April 30, 2021 and the related notes and the financial statement schedule listed in the index at Item 15(a) (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company at April 30, 2021 and 2020, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended April 30, 2021, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of April 30, 2021, based on criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework), and our report dated June 28, 2021 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.
Basis for Opinion
These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Critical Audit Matter
The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective or complex judgments. The communication of the critical audit matter does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.
Revenue recognition
F-4
/s/ Ernst & Young LLP
We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2002.
Los Angeles, California
June 28, 2021
F-5
KORN FERRY AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(in thousands, except per share data)
ASSETS
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Deferred compensation and other retirement plans 346,455 289,136
Commitments and contingencies
Stockholders' equity
Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net (51,820 ) (107,172 )
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
F-6
KORN FERRY AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
Year Ended April 30,
(in thousands, except per share data)
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest (1,108 ) (2,071 ) (2,145 )
Earnings per common share attributable to Korn Ferry:
Weighted-average common shares outstanding:
Cash dividends declared per share: $ 0.40 $ 0.40 $ 0.40
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
F-7
KORN FERRY AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
Year Ended April 30,
(in thousands)
Other comprehensive income:
Net unrealized (loss) gain on marketable securities, net of tax (53 ) 34 —
Net unrealized loss on interest rate swap, net of tax — (456 ) (1,080 )
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
F-8
KORN FERRY AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Accumulated Other Total Korn Ferry Total
Common Stock Retained Comprehensive Stockholders' Noncontrolling Stockholder's
Shares Amount Earnings Loss, Net Equity Interest Equity
(in thousands)
Dividends paid to noncontrolling interest — — — — — (2,255 ) (2,255 )
Dividends paid to noncontrolling interest — — — — — (2,110 ) (2,110 )
Dividends paid to noncontrolling interest — — — — — (1,115 ) (1,115 )
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
F-9
KORN FERRY AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
Year Ended April 30,
(in thousands)
Cash flows from operating activities:
Tradename write-offs — — 106,555
Write-off of long-lived assets — 2,654 —
Change in other assets and liabilities:
Prepaid expenses and other assets (3,902 ) (956 ) (148 )
Cash flows from investing activities:
Proceeds from sales/maturities of marketable securities 69,683 47,936 13,781
Cash paid for acquisitions, net of cash acquired — (108,602 ) —
Premium on company-owned life insurance policies (15,353 ) (15,699 ) (34,862 )
Dividends received from unconsolidated subsidiaries 205 346 140
Cash flows from financing activities:
Payments of tax withholdings on restricted stock (4,989 ) (8,993 ) (20,698 )
Borrowings under life insurance policies — — 31,870
Payments on life insurance policy loans (12,279 ) (943 ) (5,316 )
Principal payments on finance leases (1,324 ) (1,833 ) —
Dividends paid to noncontrolling interest (1,115 ) (2,110 ) (2,255 )
Payment of debt issuance costs — (3,050 ) (2,181 )
Payment of contingent consideration from acquisitions — (455 ) (455 )
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities (66,886 ) 43,681 (64,625 )
Supplemental cash flow information:
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
F-10
KORN FERRY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
April 30, 2021
1. Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Nature of Business
Korn Ferry, a Delaware corporation, and its subsidiaries (the “Company”) is a global organizational consulting firm. The Company helps clients synchronize strategy and talent to drive superior performance. The Company works with organizations to design their structures, roles, and responsibilities. The Company helps organizations hire the right people to bring their strategy to life and advise them on how to reward, develop, and motivate their people.
The Company is pursuing a strategy that will help Korn Ferry to focus on clients and collaborate intensively across the organization. This approach builds on the best of the Company’s past and gives the Company a clear path to the future with focused initiatives to increase its client and commercial impact. Korn Ferry is transforming how clients address their talent management needs. The Company has evolved from a mono-line to a diversified business, giving its consultants more frequent and expanded opportunities to engage with clients.
The Company has seven reportable segments that operate through the following four lines of business:
Basis of Consolidation and Presentation
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly and majority owned/controlled domestic and international subsidiaries. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. The preparation of the consolidated financial statements conform with United States (“U.S.”) generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) and prevailing practice within our different industries. The consolidated financial statements include all adjustments, consisting of normal recurring accruals and any other adjustments that management considers necessary for a fair presentation of the results for these periods.
The Company has control of a Mexican subsidiary and consolidates the operations of this subsidiary. Noncontrolling interest, which represents the Mexican partners’ 51% interest in the Mexican subsidiary, is reflected on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
The Company considers events or transactions that occur after the balance sheet date but before the consolidated financial statements are issued to provide additional evidence relative to certain estimates or to identify matters that require additional disclosures.
F-11
KORN FERRY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
April 30, 2021 (continued)
Use of Estimates and Uncertainties