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ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

GENERAL

For an understanding of the significant factors that influenced our performance during the fiscal year, we believe our Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (“MD&A”) should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and related notes included in this annual report as indexed on page F-1.

Comparisons under this heading refer to the 52-week periods ended September 28, 2025 and September 29, 2024, respectively. Our MD&A consists of the following sections:

•Overview — a general description of our business.

•Results of Operations — an analysis of our consolidated statements of earnings for fiscal 2025 compared to fiscal 2024.

•Liquidity and Capital Resources — an analysis of our cash flows, including capital expenditures, share repurchase activity, dividends, and known trends that may impact liquidity.

•Critical Accounting Estimates — a discussion of accounting policies that require critical judgments and estimates.

•New accounting pronouncements — a discussion of new accounting pronouncements, dates of implementation and the impact on our consolidated financial position or results of operations, if any.

We have included in our MD&A certain performance metrics that management uses to assess company performance and which we believe will be useful in analyzing and understanding our results of operations. These metrics include:

•Changes in sales at restaurants open more than one year (“same-store sales”), system restaurant sales, franchised restaurant sales, and average unit volumes (“AUVs”). Same-store sales, restaurant sales, and AUVs are presented for franchised restaurants. Franchise sales represent sales at franchise restaurants and are revenues of our franchisees. We do not record franchise sales as revenues; however, our royalty revenues and percentage rent revenues are calculated based on a percentage of franchise sales. We believe franchise and system same-store sales, franchised and system-wide sales,and AUV information are useful to investors as they have a direct effect on the Company’s profitability.

Same-store sales, system restaurant sales, franchised restaurant sales and AUVs are not measurements determined in accordance with GAAP and should not be considered in isolation, or as an alternative to earnings from operations, or other similarly titled measures of other companies.

A comparison of our results of operations and cash flows for fiscal 2024 compared to fiscal 2023 can be found under Part II, “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 29, 2024.

OVERVIEW

Our Business

Founded in 1951, Jack in the Box Inc. (the “Company”) operates and franchises Jack in the Box® and Del Taco® quick-service restaurants. As of September 28, 2025, we operated and franchised 2,136 Jack in the Box restaurants, primarily in the western and southern United States, including three in Mexico and two in Guam. As of September 28, 2025 we operated and franchised 576 Del Taco restaurants across 18 states. We derive revenue from retail sales at company-operated restaurants and rental revenue, royalties (based upon a percent of sales), franchise fees and contributions for advertising and other services from franchisees.

On April 23, 2025, the Company announced a multi-faceted plan, which included exploring strategic alternatives for the Del Taco brand and the possible divestiture of that business. On October 15, 2025, the Company entered into a Stock Purchase Agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”) with Yadav Enterprises, Inc., a California corporation (“Buyer”) and Anil Yadav (“Buyer Guarantor”) to sell to Buyer all of the issued and outstanding equity interests of Del Taco Holdings Inc., a Delaware corporation (“Del Taco”), which owns and operates the Company’s Del Taco restaurant operations, for an aggregate purchase price of $115 million in cash, subject to certain closing cash, working capital, debt and transaction expense adjustments.

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS FOR FISCAL 2025 AND 2024

The following tables summarize changes in same-store sales for Jack in the Box and Del Taco company-operated, franchised, and system restaurants:

Company (3.7) % 0.0 %

Franchise (4.3) % (1.5) %

System (4.2) % (1.3) %

Company (2.4) % (1.3) %

Franchise (4.1) % (1.6) %

System (3.7) % (1.5) %

The following tables summarize changes in the number and mix of company and franchise restaurants for our two brands:

Jack in the Box: Company Franchise Total Company Franchise Total

Refranchised (1) 1 — — — —

Del Taco: Company Franchise Total Company Franchise Total

Acquired from franchisees 18 (18) — 10 (10) —

The following tables summarize restaurant sales for company-operated, franchised, and systemwide sales for our two brands (in thousands):

________________________

(1)Franchised restaurant sales represent sales at franchised restaurants and are revenues of our franchisees. Systemwide sales include company and franchised restaurant sales. We do not record franchised sales as revenues; however, our royalty revenues, marketing fees and percentage rent revenues are calculated based on a percentage of franchised sales. We believe franchised and systemwide sales information is useful to investors as they have a direct effect on the Company's profitability.

Jack in the Box Brand

Company Restaurant Operations

The following table presents company restaurant sales and costs as a percentage of the related sales (dollars in thousands):

Company restaurant costs:

Company restaurant sales decreased $10.3 million, or 2.4%, in 2025 as compared with the prior year due to a decrease in transactions partially offset by an increase in the average number of restaurants.

The following table presents the approximate impact of these items on company restaurant sales in 2025 (in millions):

AUV decrease $ (17.4)

Increase in the average number of restaurants 7.1

Total change in company restaurant sales $ (10.3)

Same-store sales at company-operated restaurants decreased by 3.7% in fiscal year 2025 compared to a year ago. The following table summarizes the changes in company-operated same-store sales:

Transactions (5.7) %

Average check (1) 2.0 %

Change in same-store sales (3.7) %

________________________

(1)Includes price increases of 3.5% in 2025.

Food and packaging costs, as a percentage of company restaurant sales, decreased to 28.0% in 2025 from 29.5% a year ago, due mainly to a 1.8% benefit from a new beverage contract with funding retroactive to January 1, 2024, as well as menu price increases, partially offset by commodity inflation and unfavorable menu item mix.

Commodity costs increased in the current fiscal year by approximately 4.2%. The greatest impacts were seen in beef, beverages, poultry, and eggs.

Payroll and employee benefit costs, as a percentage of company restaurant sales, increased to 33.8% in 2025 compared with 31.5% a year ago. There was an approximate 2.0% increase which was primarily due to the impact from wage inflation. Wage inflation for the year was approximately 7.6% and was primarily due to the wage increases required in California effective April 1, 2024 under AB 1228.

Occupancy and other costs, as a percentage of company restaurant sales, increased to 18.7% in 2025 from 17.3% a year ago primarily due to sales deleverage, higher costs for rent, utilities, and other operating costs including delivery fees.

Jack in the Box Franchise Operations

The following table presents franchise revenues and costs in each fiscal year and other information we believe is useful in analyzing the change in franchise operating results (dollars in thousands):

Franchise contributions for advertising and other services 206,200 217,757

Franchise advertising and other services expenses 211,408 225,465

Franchise costs as a percentage of total franchise revenues 60.1 % 59.1 %

Average number of franchise restaurants 2,023 2,037

Royalties as a percentage of total franchise restaurant sales 5.1 % 5.0 %

Franchise rental revenues decreased $14.5 million, or 4.2%, in 2025 compared to the prior year, primarily due to a decrease in percentage rent of $16.5 million, driven by lower sales, partially offset by higher lease termination fees of $2.7 million, and higher pass through property tax revenue of $1.1 million.

Franchise royalties and other decreased $7.1 million, or 3.4%, compared to the prior year primarily due to lower royalty income driven by lower sales.

Franchise contributions for advertising and other services revenues decreased $11.6 million, or 5.3%, mainly due to lower sales driving marketing contributions lower by $8.9 million and lower digital and technology fees of $2.4 million.

Franchise occupancy expenses, mainly rent, increased $1.8 million, or 0.8%, in 2025 primarily due to higher pass through property tax expense of $1.1 million and higher operating lease costs of $0.9 million.

Franchise support and other costs decreased $0.2 million, or 1.8% in 2025.

Franchise advertising and other service expenses decreased $14.1 million, or 6.2%, in 2025 primarily due to lower sales driving lower marketing expenses, as well as lower franchise IT support costs.

Del Taco Brand

Company Restaurant Operations

The following table presents company restaurant sales and costs as a percentage of the related sales (dollars in thousands):

Company restaurant costs:

Company restaurant sales decreased $71.4 million or 25.3%, in 2025 as compared with the prior year primarily due to a decrease in the average number of restaurants as well as a decrease in transactions.

The following table presents the approximate impact of these items on company restaurant sales (in millions):

Decrease in the average number of restaurants $ (67.9)

AUV decrease (3.0)

Other (0.5)

Total change in company restaurant sales $ (71.4)

Same-store sales at company-operated restaurants decreased 2.4% in 2025 compared to a year ago. The following table summarizes the decreases in company-operated same-store sales:

Average check (1) 4.5 %

Transactions (6.9) %

Change in same-store sales (2.4) %

________________________

(1)Includes price increases of approximately 5.5% in 2025.

Food and packaging costs, as a percentage of company restaurant sales, decreased to 25.9% in 2025 from 26.0% a year ago primarily due to menu price increases and favorable beverage funding, partially offset by commodity inflation and unfavorable menu item mix.

Commodity costs inflation was 4.1% in 2025. The largest sources of inflation in the current year were due to beef, poultry, and beverages.

Payroll and employee benefit costs, as a percentage of company restaurant sales, increased to 38.6% in 2025 compared with 36.7% a year ago primarily due to labor inflation impact of 2%. Labor inflation was 7.1% in the current year.

Occupancy and other costs, as a percentage of company restaurant sales, increased to 24.4% in 2025 from 23.3% a year ago primarily due to sales deleverage as well as higher costs for IT, utilities, maintenance, and other operating costs including delivery fees.

Del Taco Franchise Operations

The following table presents franchise revenues and costs in each period and other information we believe is useful in analyzing the change in franchise operating results (dollars in thousands):

Franchise contributions for advertising and other services 30,307 30,915

Franchise support and other costs 6,491 4,551

Franchise advertising and other services expenses 32,172 33,667

Franchise costs as a percentage of total franchise revenues 73.3 % 72.0 %

Average number of franchise restaurants 457 429

Franchised restaurant AUVs $ 1,549 $ 1,573

Royalties as a percentage of total franchised restaurant sales 4.6 % 4.7 %

Franchise rental revenues increased $7.7 million, or 27.3% in 2025 compared to the prior year, primarily due to higher rental income and pass through property tax revenue resulting from new subleases related to restaurants refranchised in fiscal 2025 and 2024.

Franchise royalties and other increased $1.7 million, or 5.2% in 2025 compared to the prior year, primarily due to refranchising activity.

Franchise contributions for advertising and other services revenues decreased $0.6 million, or 2.0% in 2025 compared to the prior year, primarily due to lower IT support revenue, partially offset by increased franchise marketing contributions.

Franchise occupancy expenses, primarily rent, increased $7.2 million, or 25.9% in 2025 compared to the prior year, primarily due to higher operating lease costs in the current year from refranchising.

Franchise support and other costs increased $1.9 million, or 42.6% in 2025 compared to the prior year, primarily due to higher bad debt expense.

Franchise advertising and other service expenses decreased $1.5 million, or 4.4% in 2025 compared to the prior year, primarily due to decreases in IT costs, partially offset by increases in marketing expense resulting from restaurants refranchised.

Company-Wide Results

Depreciation and Amortization

Depreciation and amortization decreased $1.5 million in 2025 as compared with the prior year. The decrease is primarily due to the refranchising of Del Taco restaurants, as well as certain Jack in the Box franchise assets becoming fully depreciated. These decreases were partially offset by increases for new technology assets placed in service and new company restaurant openings.

Selling, General and Administrative (“SG&A”) Expenses

The following table presents the amounts for SG&A expenses in each fiscal year (in thousands):

Cash surrender value of COLI policies, net (6,882) (14,390)

Advertising costs represent company contributions to our marketing funds and are generally determined as a percentage of company-operated restaurant sales. Advertising costs increased $4.3 million compared to the prior year primarily due an incremental contribution to Jack in the Box brand advertising, partially offset by a decrease in company-operated restaurant sales at both brands in the current year.

Share-based compensation in 2025 decreased by $5.2 million compared to the prior year primarily due to forfeitures as well as lower achievement levels for the Company’s performance share awards.

Incentive compensation in 2025 decreased by $3.9 million compared to the prior year primarily due to lower achievement levels compared to the prior year for the Company’s annual incentive plan.

The cash surrender value of our Company-owned life insurance (“COLI”) policies, net of changes in our non-qualified deferred compensation obligation supported by these policies, are subject to market fluctuations. The changes in market values had an unfavorable impact of $7.5 million as compared to the prior year.

Insurance costs in 2025 increased $4.1 million as compared to the prior year primarily due to a favorable adjustment in 2024 in connection with positive development factors related to workers compensation and general liability claims.

Pre-Opening Costs

Pre-opening costs associated with the opening of a new restaurant or the remodeling of an existing restaurant consist primarily of property rent and employee training costs. Pre-opening costs associated with the opening of a restaurant that was closed upon acquisition consist of labor costs, maintenance and repair costs, and property rent. Pre-opening expenses increased $4.2 million in 2025 as compared to the prior year due to new restaurant openings in certain markets.

Impairment of Goodwill and Intangible Assets

During the third quarter of 2024, the Company identified triggering events that indicated the goodwill allocated to the Del Taco reporting unit might be impaired. The triggering events related to i) a recent negative trend in Del Taco same store sales, ii) lower margins due in part to lower sales and higher wages required in California effective April 1, 2024 under AB 1228 and iii) unfavorable changes in the economic environment specifically impacting our industry, including inflation and interest rates. As a result, the Company performed a quantitative test over the Del Taco reporting unit, noting that the fair value of the reporting unit was less than the carrying value, which resulted in an impairment of goodwill of $162.6 million.

During the second quarter of 2025, the Company identified additional triggering events that indicated the goodwill allocated to the Del Taco reporting unit might be further impaired, including i) continued negative trend in Del Taco same store sales, ii) unfavorable changes in the economic environment specifically impacting our industry, including inflation and interest rates, iii) the potential for a divestment of Del Taco, and iv) a sustained lower share price. As a result, the Company performed a quantitative test over the Del Taco reporting unit, noting that the fair value of the reporting unit was less than the carrying value, which resulted in an impairment of goodwill of $25.3 million for the second quarter of 2025. Refer to Note 5, Goodwill and Intangible Assets, of the notes to the consolidated financial statements for additional information on the valuation methodologies and assumptions used.

As a result of the franchisee acquisition during the third quarter of 2025, the Company recognized additional goodwill of $6.3 million. This additional goodwill was fully impaired based on the results of the quantitative impairment analysis performed in the second quarter of 2025. The goodwill for the Del Taco reporting unit is fully impaired as of the end of 2025.

In connection with the goodwill analysis during the second quarter of 2025, the Company also performed a quantitative analysis over its indefinite-lived intangible trademark asset and as a result, the Company recorded impairment of $177.9 million on the Del Taco trademark asset. During the third and fourth quarters of 2025, the Company performed a qualitative analysis over its indefinite-lived intangible trademark asset, noting no further impairment was deemed necessary. Refer to Note 5, Goodwill and Intangible Assets, of the notes to the consolidated financial statements for additional information on the valuation methodologies and assumptions used.

Other Operating Expense, Net

Other operating expense, net is comprised of the following (in thousands):

Restructuring, integration and strategic initiatives $ 7,298 $ 15,631

Costs of closed restaurants and other 8,467 2,975

Restaurant impairment charges 4,384 8,008

Accelerated depreciation 99 699

Gains on acquisition of restaurants (6) (2,702)

Losses on disposition of property and equipment, net 2,161 185

Other operating expense, net decreased $2.4 million in 2025 as compared to the prior year. This decrease was primarily due to the decrease in restructuring, integration and strategic initiatives of $8.3 million and a decrease in restaurant impairment charges of $3.6 million relating to under-performing Jack in the Box and Del Taco restaurants. These decreases were partially offset by increased costs of closed restaurants of $5.5 million, a reduction in gain on acquisition of restaurants of $2.7 million, as well as higher net loss on disposition of property and equipment of $2.0 million due to lower proceeds in connection with disposals. Refer also to Note 9, Other Operating Expense, Net, in the notes to the consolidated financial statements for additional information.

Gains on the Sale of Company-Operated Restaurants

In 2025, gains on the sale of company-operated restaurants totaled $3.2 million and were mainly related to the refranchising of 13 Del Taco restaurants. In the prior year, gains on the sale of company-operated restaurants totaled $3.3 million and were mainly related to the refranchising of 47 Del Taco restaurants. Refer to Note 4, Summary of Refranchisings and Franchise Acquisitions, of the notes to the consolidated financial statements for additional information.

Other Pension and Post-Retirement Expenses, Net

Our policy is to fund our pension plans at or above the minimum required by law. As of the date of our last actuarial funding valuation, there was $1.6 million minimum requirement. We do not anticipate making any contributions to our Qualified Plan in fiscal 2026. For additional information, refer to Note 12, Retirement Plans, of the notes to the consolidated financial statements.

Interest Expense, Net

Interest expense, net, is comprised of the following (in thousands):

Interest expense, net, decreased $1.1 million in 2025. Interest expense decreased by $1.5 million primarily due to lower average borrowings.

Income Taxes

For fiscal year 2025, the Company recorded an income tax benefit of $22.1 million resulting in an effective tax rate of 21.5%. The effective tax rate for such period was driven primarily by the impairment of non-deductible goodwill and non-deductible excess tax deficiency from share-based compensation arrangements, partially offset by non-taxable gains from the market performance of insurance products used to fund certain non-qualified retirement plans.

For fiscal year 2024, the Company recorded income tax expense of $32.4 million resulting in an effective tax rate of (748.9)%. The effective tax rate for such period differed from the U.S. statutory tax rate primarily due to the impact of non-deductible goodwill partially offset by the reversal of state deferred tax liabilities on basis difference of investments in subsidiaries and non-taxable gains from the market performance of insurance products used to fund certain non-qualified retirement plans.

On July 4, 2025, H.R.1 (the “One Big Beautiful Bill Act”) was enacted into law. The Company is continuing to evaluate the potential implications of the legislation. Based on its assessment for fiscal year 2025, the Company did not identify any material impacts to its provision for income taxes in the year of enactment.

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

General

Our primary sources of short-term and long-term liquidity and capital resources are cash flows from operations and borrowings available under our credit facilities. Our cash requirements consist principally of working capital, general corporate needs, capital expenditures, income tax payments, debt service requirements, franchise tenant improvement allowance and incentive distributions and obligations related to our benefit plans. We generally use available cash flows from operations to invest in our business and service our debt obligations.

As of September 28, 2025, the Company had $81.8 million of cash and restricted cash on its consolidated balance sheet and available borrowings of $96.8 million under our $150.0 million Variable Funding Notes. The Company continually assesses the optimal sources and uses of cash for our business. We review our balance sheet for any undervalued assets and pursue opportunities for capital sources, including the sale of our owned properties and potential for refranchising.

Based upon current levels of operations and anticipated growth, we expect that cash flows from operations, combined with our securitized financing facility and revolving credit facility, will be sufficient to meet our capital expenditure, working capital and debt service requirements for at least the next twelve months and the foreseeable future.

Cash Flows

The table below summarizes our cash flows for each of the last two fiscal years (in thousands):

Total cash provided by (used in):

Operating Activities. Operating cash flows increased $93.5 million compared with a year ago. This increase is primarily due to favorable changes in working capital of $134.4 million, partially offset by lower net income, when adjusted for non-cash items, of $40.9 million. The change in working capital is primarily a result of $50.3 million paid in 2024 for fiscal 2023 income tax payment deferred in connection with the Southern California winter storm disaster area declaration, $35.0 million received in the current year in connection with a new supply chain contract, and $25.5 million paid in 2024 in connection with the Torrez settlement.

Investing Activities.Cash flows used in investing activities increased $5.3 million compared with a year ago. This increase was primarily due to a reduction in proceeds from the sale of company operated restaurants of $13.0 million and the acquisition of franchise operated restaurants of for $7.2 million, partially offset by a decrease in the purchase of assets intended for sale or leaseback of $15.5 million.

Capital Expenditures— The composition of capital expenditures in each fiscal year is summarized in the table below (in thousands):

Restaurants:

Corporate Services:

In 2025, capital expenditures decreased by $3.0 million compared to a year ago, primarily due to a decrease in corporate technology spending of $5.9 million due to the completion of our new enterprise resource planning software implementation last year. Restaurant facility costs decreased $4.8 million related to lower volume of repair and improvement work versus prior year. Remodel project costs also decreased $2.2 million due to timing of ongoing remodel projects. These decreases were partially offset by an increase in restaurant information technology costs of $10.6 million related to the rollout of a new POS system for Jack in the Box company restaurants as well as investments in digital and other restaurant technology enhancements

Sale and Sale-leaseback Transactions — To optimize our balance sheet and capital structure, we use sales and leaseback financing and provide our franchisees the opportunity to purchase the property that we currently lease to them. There was a decrease in the purchases of Jack in the Box restaurant properties intended for sale or leaseback of $15.5 million in the current year. The Company generated proceeds of $19.9 million related to the sale of property and equipment. There were no sales-leaseback transactions in 2025.

Sale of Company-Operated Restaurants —The Company recorded proceeds of $6.4 million for the sale of company-operated restaurants to franchisees compared to proceeds of $19.4 million in 2024 due to fewer refranchising transactions in the current year. For further information, see Note 4, Summary of Refranchising and Franchise Acquisition, in the notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements.

Financing Activities. Cash flows used in financing activities decreased by $71.2 million compared with a year ago, primarily as a result of a $65.0 million decrease in share repurchases, a decrease in dividends paid of $17.4 million, partially offset by the change year-over-year in net borrowings on the revolving credit facilities of $12.0 million.

Repurchases of Common Stock— In fiscal 2025, the Company repurchased 0.1 million shares of its common stock for an aggregate cost of $5.0 million, including applicable excise tax.

Dividends — In fiscal 2025, the Board of Directors declared two quarterly cash dividends of $0.44 per share, totaling $16.7 million compared to total dividends of $34.2 million in 2024. As previously announced, the Company has discontinued its dividend.

Securitized Financing Facility —Jack in the Box Funding, LLC (the “Master Issuer”), a limited-purpose, bankruptcy-remote, wholly owned indirect subsidiary of the Company is the master issuer of outstanding senior secured notes under a securitized financing facility that was entered into in July 2019. In February 2022, the Master Issuer completed a refinancing transaction and issued $550.0 million of its Series 2022-1 3.445% Fixed Rate Senior Secured Notes, Class A-2-I (the “Class A-2-I Notes”) and $550.0 million of its Series 2022-1 4.136% Fixed Rate Senior Secured Notes, Class A-2-II (the “Class A-2-II” and, together with the Class A-2-I Notes, the “2022 Notes”). The Anticipated Repayment Dates of the Class A-2-I Notes and the Class A-2-II Notes are February 2027 and February 2032, respectively, and the Anticipated Repayment Dates of the 2019-1 Class A-2-II Notes and the Class A-2-III Notes are August 2026 and August 2029, respectively. The legal final maturity date of the 2019 Notes and 2022 Notes is August 2049 and February 2052, respectively, but it is anticipated that, unless earlier prepaid to the extent permitted under the Indenture, the Notes will be repaid by the Anticipated Repayment Dates. If the Master Issuer has not repaid or refinanced the Notes prior to the respective Anticipated Repayment Dates, additional interest will accrue pursuant to the Indenture.

In 2022, the Company also entered into a revolving financing facility of Series 2022-1 Variable Funding Senior Secured Notes (the “Variable Funding Notes”), which permits borrowings up to a maximum of $150.0 million, subject to certain borrowing conditions, a portion of which may be used to issue letters of credit. As of September 28, 2025, we had no amounts outstanding and had available borrowing capacity of $96.8 million under our 2022 Variable Funding Notes, net of letters of credits issued of $53.2 million.

The quarterly principal payment on the Class A-2 Notes may be suspended when the specified leverage ratio, which is a measure of outstanding debt to earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization, adjusted for certain items (as defined in the Indenture), is less than or equal to 5.0x. Exceeding the leverage ratio of 5.0x does not violate any covenant related to the Class A-2 Notes. Subsequent to closing the issuance of the 2022 Notes, the Company has had a leverage ratio of greater than 5.0x and, accordingly, the Company resumed making the scheduled amortization payments on its 2022 Notes and Series 2019-1 Notes.

Restricted Cash — In accordance with the terms of the Indenture, certain cash accounts have been established with the Indenture trustee for the benefit of the note holders and are restricted in their use. As of September 28, 2025, the Master Issuer had restricted cash of $30.3 million, which primarily represented cash collections and cash reserves held by the trustee to be used for payments of interest and commitment fees required for the Class A-2 Notes and Variable Funding Notes. As of September 28, 2025, we also had restricted cash of $2.0 million relating to an agreement for a financing structure with a technology partner to allow them to limit their exposure to risk, while they service the franchise-owned locations.

Covenants and Restrictions— The Notes are subject to a series of covenants and restrictions customary for transactions of this type, including (i) that the Master Issuer maintains specified reserve accounts to be used to make required payments in respect of the Notes, (ii) provisions relating to optional and mandatory prepayments and the related payment of specified amounts, including specified make-whole payments in the case of the Class A-2 Notes under certain circumstances, (iii) certain indemnification payments in the event, among other things, the assets pledged as collateral for the Notes are in stated ways defective or ineffective and (iv) covenants relating to recordkeeping, access to information and similar matters. The Notes are also subject to customary rapid amortization events provided for in the Indenture, including events tied to failure to maintain stated debt service coverage ratios, the sum of gross sales for specified restaurants being below certain levels on certain measurement dates, certain manager termination events, an event of default, and the failure to repay or refinance the Class A-2 Notes on the applicable scheduled maturity date. The Notes are also subject to certain customary events of default, including events relating to non-payment of required interest, principal, or other amounts due on or with respect to the Notes, failure to comply with covenants within certain time frames, certain bankruptcy events, breaches of specified representations and warranties, failure of security interests to be effective, and certain judgments. As of September 28, 2025, we were in compliance with all of our debt covenant requirements and were not subject to any rapid amortization events.

Contractual Obligations

Our cash requirements greater than twelve months from contractual obligations and commitments include:

Debt Obligations and Interest Payments — Refer to Note 7, Indebtedness, of the notes to the consolidated financial statements for further information of our obligations and the timing of expected payments.

Operating and Finance Leases — Refer to Note 8, Leases, of the notes to the consolidated financial statements for further information of our obligations and the timing of expected payments.

Purchase Commitments — Purchase obligations includes non-cancelable purchase commitments related to information technology agreements , food agreements and volume commitments for beverage products. Refer to Note 16, Commitments and Contingencies, for further detail of our obligations and the timing of expected future payments.

Benefit Obligations — Refer to Note 12, Retirement Plans, of the notes to the consolidated financial statements for further information regarding our obligations and the timing of expected payments under our non-qualified defined benefit plan and postretirement healthcare plans.

DISCUSSION OF CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES

We have identified the following as our most critical accounting estimates, which are those that are most important to the portrayal of the Company’s financial condition and results, and that require management’s most subjective and complex judgments. Information regarding our other significant accounting estimates and policies are disclosed in Note 1, Nature of Operations and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, of the notes to the consolidated financial statements.

Long-Lived Assets — We review our long-lived assets, such as property and equipment and operating lease right-of-use assets, for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that their carrying value may not be recoverable. Long-lived assets are grouped for recognition and measurement of impairment at the lowest level for which identifiable cash flows are largely independent of the cash flows of other assets. The impairment test for long-lived assets requires us to assess the recoverability of long-lived asset groups by comparing their net carrying value to the sum of undiscounted estimated future cash flows expected to be generated through leases and/or subleases or by our individual company-operated restaurants. If the carrying amount of a long-lived asset group exceeds the sum of related undiscounted future cash flows, we recognize an impairment loss by the amount that the carrying value of the assets exceeds fair value. Our estimates of cash flows used to assess impairment are subject to a high degree of judgment and may differ from actual cash flows due to, among other things, changes in our business plans, operating performance, and economic conditions.

Goodwill and Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets — We evaluate goodwill and indefinite-lived intangibles for impairment in the third quarter of each year, or more frequently, if indicators of impairment are present. Goodwill is evaluated for impairment by determining whether the fair value of our reporting units exceed their carrying values. Our reporting units are our two restaurant brands, Jack in the Box and Del Taco.

Our impairment analyses first include a qualitative assessment to determine whether events or circumstances indicate that it is more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying value. Significant factors considered in this assessment include, but are not limited to, macro-economic conditions, market and industry conditions, cost considerations, the competitive environment, share price fluctuations, overall financial performance, and results of past impairment tests. If the qualitative factors indicate that it is more likely than not that the fair value is less than the carrying value, we perform a quantitative impairment test.

In performing a quantitative test for impairment of goodwill, we use the income approach method of valuation that includes the discounted cash flow method and the market approach that includes the guideline public company method to determine the fair value of the reporting unit. Significant assumptions made by management to estimate fair value under the discounted cash flow method include future cash flow assumptions, which may differ from actual cash flows due to, among other things, economic conditions, or changes in operating performance. The discount rate is our estimate of the required rate of return that a third-party buyer would expect to receive when purchasing a business from us that constitutes a reporting unit. We believe the discount rate is commensurate with the risk and uncertainty inherent in the forecasted cash flows. Significant assumptions used to determine fair value under the guideline public company method include the selection of guideline companies and the valuation multiples applied.

In the process of a quantitative test, if necessary, of the Del Taco trademark intangible asset, we use the relief from royalty method under the income approach method of valuation. Significant assumptions used to determine fair value under the relief from royalty method include future trends in sales, a royalty rate, an estimated income tax rate, and a discount rate to be applied to the forecast revenue stream.

Self-Insurance — We are self-insured for a portion of our losses related to workers’ compensation, general liability and other legal claims, and health benefits. In estimating our self-insurance accruals, we utilize independent actuarial estimates of expected losses and assumptions related to the loss development factors, which are based on statistical analysis of historical data. These assumptions are closely monitored and adjusted when warranted by changing circumstances. Should a greater number of claims occur compared to what was estimated, or should medical costs increase beyond what was expected, accruals might not be sufficient, and additional expense may be recorded.

NEW ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS

See Note 1, Nature of Operations and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, of the notes to the consolidated financial statements for a discussion of the impact of new accounting pronouncements on our consolidated financial statements.

ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

Interest Rate Risk — We would be exposed to interest rate risk on borrowings under our $150.0 million Variable Funding Notes. As of September 28, 2025, we did not have any outstanding variable rate borrowings.

Commodity Price Risk —The Company is also exposed to the impact of commodity and utility price fluctuations. Many of the ingredients we use are commodities or ingredients that are affected by the price of other commodities, weather, seasonality, production, availability, and various other factors outside our control. In order to minimize the impact of fluctuations in price and availability, we monitor the primary commodities we purchase and may enter into purchasing contracts and pricing arrangements when considered to be advantageous. However, certain commodities remain subject to price fluctuations. We are exposed to the impact of utility price fluctuations related to unpredictable factors such as weather and various other market conditions outside our control. Our ability to recover increased costs for commodities and utilities through higher prices is limited by the competitive environment in which we operate.

ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA

The consolidated financial statements, related financial information, and the Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm required to be filed are indexed on page F-1 and are incorporated herein.

ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE

None.

ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

a.Conclusion Regarding the Effectiveness of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Based on an evaluation of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13(a)-15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended), as of the end of the Company’s fiscal year ended September 28, 2025, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer (its principal executive officer and principal financial officer, respectively) have concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective.

b.Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

There were no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the Company’s fiscal quarter ended September 28, 2025 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

c.Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

Management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act). The Company’s internal control over financial reporting is designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the preparation and fair presentation of published financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP and includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect our transactions; (2) provide reasonable assurance that our transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that our receipts and expenditures are being made in accordance with appropriate authorizations; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of our assets that could have a material effect on our financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Therefore, even those systems determined to be effective can provide only reasonable assurance with respect to financial statement preparation and presentation.

Management, under the oversight of our principal executive officer, principal financial officer, and Audit Committee, assessed the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of September 28, 2025. In making this assessment, management used the criteria set forth in 2013 by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (“COSO”) in Internal Control-Integrated Framework. Management has concluded that, as of September 28, 2025, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting was effective, at a reasonable assurance level, based on these criteria.

The Company’s independent registered public accounting firm, KPMG LLP, has issued an audit report on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting, which follows.

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

To the Stockholders and Board of Directors

Jack in the Box Inc.:

Opinion on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

We have audited Jack in the Box Inc. and subsidiaries’ (the Company) internal control over financial reporting as of September 28, 2025, based on criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. In our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of September 28, 2025, based on criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission.

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the consolidated balance sheets of the Company as of September 28, 2025 and September 29, 2024, the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive (loss) income, cash flows and stockholders’ deficit for each of the fifty-two week periods ended September 28, 2025, September 29, 2024 and October 1, 2023, and the related notes (collectively, the consolidated financial statements), and our report dated November 19, 2025 expressed an unqualified opinion on those consolidated financial statements.

Basis for Opinion

The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management's Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audit also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Definition and Limitations of Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

/s/ KPMG LLP

San Diego, California

November 19, 2025

ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION

During the last fiscal quarter, no director or officer of the Company adopted or terminated a “Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement” or “non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement,” as each term is defined in Item 408(a) of Regulation S-K.

ITEM 9C. DISCLOSURE REGARDING FOREIGN JURISDICTIONS THAT PREVENT INSPECTIONS

Not applicable.

PART III

ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

That portion of our definitive Proxy Statement appearing under the captions “Election of Directors,” “Director Qualifications and Biographical Information,” and “Committees of the Board” to be filed with the Commission pursuant to Regulation 14A within 120 days after September 28, 2025 and to be used in connection with our 2026 Annual Meeting of Stockholders is hereby incorporated by reference.

Information regarding our executive officers is set forth in Part I of this Report under the caption “Information about our Executive Officers.”

That portion of our definitive Proxy Statement appearing under the caption “Committees of the Board - Audit Committee,” relating to the members of the Company’s Audit Committee and the members of the Audit Committee who qualify as financial experts, is also incorporated herein by reference.

That portion of our definitive Proxy Statement appearing under the caption “Stockholder Recommendations and Board Nominations,” relating to the procedures by which stockholders may recommend candidates for director to the Nominating and Governance Committee of the Board of Directors, is also incorporated herein by reference.

We have adopted a Code of Ethics, which applies to all Jack in the Box Inc. directors, officers, and employees, including the Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer, Controller, and all of the financial team. The Code of Ethics is posted on the Company’s corporate website, www.jackintheboxinc.com (under the “Investors — Governance — Governance Documents — Code of Conduct” caption) and is available in print free of charge to any stockholder upon request. We intend to satisfy the disclosure requirement regarding any amendment to, or waiver of, a provision of the Code of Ethics for the Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer, and Controller or persons performing similar functions, by posting such information on our corporate website. No such waivers have been issued during fiscal 2025.

We have also adopted a set of Corporate Governance Principles and Practices for our Board of Directors and charters for all of our Board Committees, including the Audit, Compensation, and Nominating and Governance Committees. The Corporate Governance Principles and Practices and committee charters are available on our corporate website at www.jackintheboxinc.com and in print free of charge to any shareholder who requests them. Written requests for our Code of Business Conduct and Ethics, Corporate Governance Principles and Practices and committee charters should be addressed to Jack in the Box Inc., 9357 Spectrum Center Blvd., San Diego, California 92123, Attention: Corporate Secretary.

ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION

That portion of our definitive Proxy Statement appearing under the caption “Executive Compensation,” “Director Compensation and Stock Ownership Requirements,” “Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation,” and “Compensation Committee Report” to be filed with the Commission pursuant to Regulation 14A within 120 days after September 28, 2025 and to be used in connection with our 2026 Annual Meeting of Stockholders is hereby incorporated by reference.

ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS

That portion of our definitive Proxy Statement appearing under the caption “Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management” to be filed with the Commission pursuant to Regulation 14A within 120 days after September 28, 2025 and to be used in connection with our 2026 Annual Meeting of Stockholders is hereby incorporated by reference. Information regarding equity compensation plans under which Company common stock may be issued as of September 28, 2025 is set forth in Item 5 of this Report.

ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE

That portion of our definitive Proxy Statement appearing under the caption “Certain Relationships and Related Transactions” and “Directors’ Independence,” if any, to be filed with the Commission pursuant to Regulation 14A within 120 days after September 28, 2025 and to be used in connection with our 2026 Annual Meeting of Stockholders is hereby incorporated by reference.

ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES

That portion of our definitive Proxy Statement appearing under the caption “Independent Registered Public Accountants Fees and Services” to be filed with the Commission pursuant to Regulation 14A within 120 days after September 28, 2025 and to be used in connection with our 2026 Annual Meeting of Stockholders is hereby incorporated by reference.

PART IV

ITEM 15. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES

ITEM 15(a) (1) Financial Statements. See Index to Consolidated Financial Statements on page F-1 of this Report.

ITEM 15(a) (2) Financial Statement Schedules. None.

ITEM 15(a) (3) Exhibits.

Number Description Form Filed with SEC

10.3* Amended and Restated Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan 10-Q 2/18/2009

10.4* Amended and Restated Executive Deferred Compensation Plan 10-Q 2/18/2009

Number Description Form Filed with SEC

10.8.17* Restricted Stock Unit Award Grant Notice - Officer 10-Q 5/17/2023

10.8.18* Restricted Stock Unit Award Grant Notice - Non-Officer 10-Q 5/17/2023

10.8.19* Restricted Stock Unit Award Grant Notice - Director 10-Q 5/17/2023

10.8.20* Performance Stock Unit Award Grant Notice - Officer 10-Q 5/17/2023

21.1 Subsidiaries of the Registrant _____ Filed herewith

101.INS iXBRL Instance Document

101.SCH iXBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document

101.CAL iXBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document

101.DEF iXBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document

Number Description Form Filed with SEC

101.LAB iXBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document

101.PRE iXBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document

104 Cover Page Interactive Data File formatted in iXBRL

* Management contract or compensatory plan

1 Certain of the exhibits and schedules in this Exhibit have been omitted pursuant to Item 601(a)(5) and 601(b)(2) of Regulation S-K. The Company agrees to furnish supplementally a copy of any omitted exhibits and schedules to the Securities and Exchange Commission upon its request.

ITEM 15(b) All required exhibits are filed herein or incorporated by reference as described in Item 15(a)(3).

ITEM 15(c) All schedules have been omitted as the required information is inapplicable, immaterial or the information is presented in the consolidated financial statements or related notes.

ITEM 16. FORM 10-K SUMMARY

Not applicable.

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

JACK IN THE BOX INC.

By: /s/ DAWN HOOPER

Dawn HooperChief Financial Officer (principal financial officer)

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

Each person whose signature appears below constitutes and appoints Lance Tucker and Dawn Hooper, jointly and severally, his or her attorneys-in-fact, each with the power of substitution, for him or her in any and all capacities, to sign any amendments to this report, and to file the same, with exhibits thereto and other documents in connection therewith with the Securities and Exchange Commission, hereby ratifying and confirming all that each of said attorneys-in-fact, or his substitute or substitutes may do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.

Signature Title Date

Lance Tucker

Dawn Hooper

/s/ DAVID L. GOEBEL Director and Chairman of the Board November 19, 2025

David L. Goebel

/s/ GUILLERMO DIAZ, JR. Director November 19, 2025

Guillermo Diaz, Jr.

/s/ MADELEINE A. KLEINER Director November 19, 2025

Madeleine A. Kleiner

/s/ ENRIQUE RAMIREZ MENA Director November 19, 2025

Enrique Ramirez Mena

/s/ MICHAEL W. MURPHY Director November 19, 2025

Michael W. Murphy

/s/ JAMES M. MYERS Director November 19, 2025

James M. Myers

/s/ VIVIEN M. YEUNG Director November 19, 2025

Vivien M. Yeung

INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Page

Consolidated Balance Sheets F-4

Consolidated Statements of Operations F-5

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive (Loss) Income F-6

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows F-7

Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Deficit F-8

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements F-9

Schedules not filed: All schedules have been omitted as the required information is inapplicable, immaterial, or the information is presented in the consolidated financial statements or related notes.

F-1

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

To the Stockholders and Board of Directors

Jack in the Box Inc.:

Opinion on the Consolidated Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Jack in the Box Inc. and subsidiaries (the Company) as of September 28, 2025 and September 29, 2024, the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive (loss) income, cash flows, and stockholders’ deficit for each of the fifty-two week periods ended September 28, 2025, September 29, 2024 and October 1, 2023, and the related notes (collectively, the consolidated financial statements). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of September 28, 2025 and September 29, 2024, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the fifty-two week periods ended September 28, 2025, September 29, 2024 and October 1, 2023, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of September 28, 2025, based on criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission, and our report dated November 19, 2025 expressed an unqualified opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

Basis for Opinion

These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Critical Audit Matter

The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the consolidated financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the consolidated financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of a critical audit matter does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.

Valuation of goodwill and trademark related to the Del Taco reporting unit

As discussed in Notes 1 and 5 to the consolidated financial statements, goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets, which includes the Del Taco trademark, are evaluated for impairment annually during the third quarter of each year, and more frequently if events and circumstances warrant. Goodwill and trademark balances are evaluated for impairment by determining whether the fair value of the Company’s reporting units or the fair value of the trademark, respectively, exceed their carrying values. During the second quarter of 2025, the Company identified triggering events that indicated the goodwill allocated to the Del Taco reporting unit might be impaired. As a result, the Company performed a quantitative test over the Del Taco reporting unit, noting the fair value of the reporting unit was less than the carrying value, which resulted in an impairment of the entire goodwill balance of $25.3 million. The Company also performed a quantitative analysis over the Del Taco trademark and as a result recorded impairment of $177.9 million. The valuation of the Del Taco reporting unit used a blended approach with a discounted cash flow analysis in conjunction with a market approach. The estimated fair value used in the assessment of the Del Taco trademark was determined using the relief from royalty method.

F-2

We identified the evaluation of the goodwill impairment analysis for the Del Taco reporting unit and the impairment analysis of the Del Taco trademark as a critical audit matter. Evaluating the key assumptions used to determine the estimated fair values of the reporting unit and trademark involved a high degree of subjective auditor judgment. Specifically, the revenue growth rate assumptions used in estimating the fair value of the Del Taco reporting unit and the brand royalty rate assumption used in estimating the fair value of the Del Taco trademark were challenging to evaluate as changes to these assumptions could have had a significant impact on the assessment of the impairment of goodwill and the trademark, respectively.

The following are the primary procedures we performed to address this critical audit matter. We evaluated the design and tested the operating effectiveness of certain internal controls related to the Company’s goodwill and trademark impairment assessment processes, including controls over the revenue growth rate assumptions used in the projected financial information and the brand royalty rate assumption used in the relief from royalty method. We evaluated the reasonableness of the revenue growth rate assumptions for the Del Taco reporting unit by comparing them to industry reports and to historical revenue growth rate trends. In addition, we performed sensitivity analyses over such revenue growth rate assumptions to assess the impact changes to the assumptions could have had on the Company’s fair value estimate. We involved valuation professionals with specialized skills and knowledge, who assisted in evaluating the brand royalty rate assumption for the Del Taco trademark by comparing the rate to other restaurant royalty.

/s/ KPMG LLP

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 1986.

San Diego, California

November 19, 2025

F-3

JACK IN THE BOX INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(In thousands, except share and per share data)

ASSETS

Current assets:

Property and equipment, at cost:

Less accumulated depreciation and amortization (870,622) (848,491)

Other assets:

Deferred tax assets 41,268 —

LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ DEFICIT

Current liabilities:

Current maturities of long-term debt $ 29,489 $ 35,880

Long-term liabilities:

Deferred tax liabilities — 13,612

Stockholders’ deficit:

Preferred stock $0.01 par value, 15,000,000 shares authorized, none issued — —

Accumulated other comprehensive loss (49,858) (57,475)

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

F-4

JACK IN THE BOX INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(In thousands, except per share data)

Fiscal Year

Revenues:

Operating costs and expenses, net:

Impairment of goodwill and intangible assets 209,556 162,624 —

Gains on the sale of company-operated restaurants (3,243) (3,255) (17,998)

Other pension and post-retirement expenses, net 5,814 6,843 6,967

(Loss) earnings per share:

Cash dividends declared per common share $ 0.88 $ 1.76 $ 1.76

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

F-5

JACK IN THE BOX INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE (LOSS) INCOME

(In thousands)

Fiscal Year

Other comprehensive income:

Actuarial gains (losses) arising during the period 7,705 (9,856) 823

Other comprehensive income (loss), net of taxes 7,617 (5,685) 2,192

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

F-6

JACK IN THE BOX INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(In thousands)

Fiscal Year

Cash flows from operating activities:

Excess tax deficiency from share-based compensation arrangements 1,568 51 71

Gains on the sale of company-operated restaurants (3,243) (3,255) (17,998)

Gains on acquisition of restaurants (6) (2,702) —

Changes in assets and liabilities, excluding acquisitions and dispositions:

Prepaid expenses and other current assets (6,648) (297) (1,422)

Operating lease right-of-use assets and lease liabilities 2,750 22,705 2,364

Pension and postretirement contributions (6,395) (5,937) (6,241)

Cash flows from investing activities:

Purchases of assets intended for sale or leaseback (8,827) (24,297) (14,960)

Acquisition of franchise-operated restaurants (7,193) — —

Proceeds from the sale and leaseback of assets — 1,728 3,673

Proceeds from the sale of company-operated restaurants 6,384 19,400 85,221

Cash flows (used in) provided by investing activities (74,686) (69,371) 42,219

Cash flows from financing activities:

Borrowings on revolving credit facilities — 6,000 —

Repayments of borrowings on revolving credit facilities (6,000) — (50,000)

Proceeds from issuance of common stock 2 2 263

Payroll tax payments for equity award issuances (2,557) (3,323) (1,593)

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

F-7

JACK IN THE BOX INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ DEFICIT

(Dollars in thousands)

Shares issued under stock plans, including tax benefit 65,215 — 263 — — — 263

Purchases of treasury stock — — — — — (90,731) (90,731)

Other comprehensive income — — — — 2,192 — 2,192

Shares issued under stock plans, including tax benefit 180,037 2 — — — — 2

Purchases of treasury stock — — — — — (70,592) (70,592)

Other comprehensive loss — — — — (5,685) — (5,685)

Shares issued under stock plans, including tax benefit 186,933 2 — — — — 2

Share-based compensation — — 8,238 — — — 8,238

Purchases of treasury stock — — — — — (4,996) (4,996)

Other comprehensive income — — — — 7,617 — 7,617

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

F-8

JACK IN THE BOX INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

1.NATURE OF OPERATIONS AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Nature of operations — Jack in the Box Inc. (the “Company”), together with its consolidated subsidiaries, develops, operates, and franchises quick-service restaurants under the Jack in the Box® and Del Taco® restaurant brands.

On March 8, 2022, the Company acquired Del Taco Restaurants, Inc. (“Del Taco”) for cash according to the terms and conditions of the Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of December 5, 2021. Del Taco is a nationwide operator and franchisor of restaurants featuring fresh and fast Mexican and American inspired cuisines.

As of September 28, 2025, there were150 company-operated and 1,986franchise-operated Jack in the Box restaurants and 132 company-operated and 444 franchise-operated Del Taco restaurants.

References to the Company throughout these notes to the consolidated financial statements are made using the first-person notations of “we,” “us,” and “our.”

Basis of presentation — The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”) and the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”).

Reclassification — Certain amounts in the prior periods’ financial statements and related footnote disclosures have been reclassified to conform to the current presentation with no impact on previously reported net income or stockholders’ equity.

Fiscal year — The Company’s fiscal year is the 52 or 53 weeks ending the Sunday closest to September 30. In fiscal 2023, Del Taco operated on a fiscal year ending the Tuesday closest to September 30. Beginning fiscal 2024, Del Taco’s fiscal year shifted to align with Jack in the Box. As a result, Del Taco’s fiscal 2024 results include two fewer days. Comparisons throughout these notes to the consolidated financial statements refer to the 52-week periods ended September 28, 2025, September 29, 2024, and October 1, 2023 for fiscal years 2025, 2024, and 2023.

Principles of consolidation — The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Jack in the Box Inc. and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated upon consolidation.

Use of estimates — In preparing the consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP, management is required to make certain assumptions and estimates that affect reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues, expenses, and the disclosure of contingencies. In making these assumptions and estimates, management may from time to time seek advice and consider information provided by actuaries and other experts in a particular area. Actual amounts could differ materially from these estimates.

Restricted cash — In accordance with the terms of our securitized financing facility, certain cash balances are required to be held in trust. Such restricted cash primarily represents cash collections and cash reserves held by the trustee to be used for payments of quarterly interest and commitment fees required for the Class A-2 Notes and Variable Funding Notes. The Company also had restricted cash relating to an agreement for a financing structure with a technology partner to allow them to limit their exposure to risk, while they service the franchise-owned locations. As of September 28, 2025 and September 29, 2024, restricted cash balances were $30.3 million and $29.4 million, respectively.

Accounts and other receivables, net — Our accounts and other receivables, net is primarily comprised of receivables from franchisees, tenants, credit card processors, and insurance receivables. Franchisee receivables primarily include rents, property taxes, royalties, marketing, sourcing and technology support fees associated with lease and franchise agreements, and notes from certain of our franchisees. Tenant receivables relate to subleased properties where we are on the master lease agreement. We accrue interest on notes receivable based on the contractual terms.

The Company closely monitors the financial condition of our franchisees and estimates the allowance for credit losses based on the lifetime expected loss on receivables. These estimates are based on historical collection experience with our franchisees as well as other factors, including current market conditions and events. Credit quality is monitored through the timing of payments compared to predefined aging criteria and known facts regarding the financial condition of the franchisee or customer. Account balances are charged off against the allowance after recovery efforts have ceased. The Company’s allowance for doubtful accounts has not historically been material. The following table summarizes the activity in our allowance for doubtful accounts (in thousands):

F-9

JACK IN THE BOX INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

Balance as of beginning of period $ (4,512) $ (4,146)

Provision for expected credit losses, net (3,292) (372)

Write-offs charged against the allowance 1,234 6

Balance as of end of period $ (6,570) $ (4,512)

Inventories — Our inventories consist principally of food, packaging, and supplies, and are valued at the lower of cost or market on a first-in, first-out basis.

Internal-use Software Costs — The Company capitalizes costs incurred to implement software solely for its internal use, including (i) hosted applications used to deliver the Company's support services, and (ii) certain implementation costs incurred in a hosting arrangement that is a service contract when the preliminary project stage is complete, management with the relevant authority authorizes and commits to the funding of the software project, and it is probable the project will be completed and used to perform the intended function. Software implementation costs are capitalized to either other current assets or other long-term assets on the Company's consolidated balance sheet and amortized over the estimated useful life of the developed software. Hosted software implementation costs capitalized were $11.0 million and $11.1 million as of the end of fiscal year 2025 and 2024, respectively. Related amortization expense for software implementation costs was $2.4 million, $4.5 million and $5.0 million during fiscal years 2025, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Assets held for sale — Our assets held for sale typically includes property and restaurants we plan to sell within the next year, including amounts relating to i) company-owned restaurants to be refranchised, ii) operating restaurant properties which we intend to sell to franchisees and/or sell and leaseback with a third party, and iii) closed restaurant properties which we are marketing for sale. If the determination is made that we no longer expect to sell an asset within the next year, the asset is reclassified out of assets held for sale and back into property and equipment, net. Long-lived assets that meet the held for sale criteria are reported at the lower of their carrying value or fair value, less estimated costs to sell.

Property and equipment, net — Expenditures for new facilities and equipment, and those that substantially increase the useful lives of the property, are capitalized. Facilities leased under finance leases are stated at the present value of minimum lease payments at the beginning of the lease term, not to exceed fair value. Maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred. When property and equipment are retired or otherwise disposed of, the related cost and accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts, and gains or losses on the dispositions are included in “Other operating expense, net” in the accompanying consolidated statements of earnings.

Buildings, equipment, and leasehold improvements are generally depreciated using the straight-line method based on the estimated useful lives of the assets, over the initial lease term for certain assets acquired in conjunction with the lease commencement for leased properties, or the remaining lease term for certain assets acquired after the commencement of the lease for leased properties. In certain situations, one or more option periods may be used in determining the depreciable life of assets related to leased properties if we deem that an economic penalty would be incurred otherwise. In either circumstance, our policy requires lease term consistency when calculating the depreciation period, in classifying the lease and in computing straight-line rent expense. Building, leasehold improvement assets and equipment are assigned lives that range from 1 to 35 years. Depreciation expense related to property and equipment was $57.8 million, $59.2 million, and $61.7 million in fiscal year 2025, 2024, and 2023, respectively.

Impairment of long-lived assets — We evaluate long-lived assets, such as property and equipment and operating lease right-of-use assets, for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that their carrying value may not be recoverable. Long-lived assets are grouped for recognition and measurement of impairment at the lowest level for which identifiable cash flows are largely independent of the cash flows of other assets. The impairment test for long-lived assets requires us to assess the recoverability of long-lived assets by comparing their net carrying value to the sum of undiscounted estimated future cash flows directly associated with and arising from our use and eventual disposition of the assets. If the carrying amount of a long-lived asset group exceeds the sum of related undiscounted future cash flows, we recognize an impairment loss by the amount that the carrying value of the assets exceeds fair value. Refer to Note 9, Other Operating Expense, Net, for additional information.

F-10

JACK IN THE BOX INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

Goodwill and trademarks — Goodwill is the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of identifiable net assets acquired, if any. We generally record goodwill in connection with the acquisition of restaurants from franchisees or the acquisition of another business. Likewise, upon the sale of restaurants to franchisees, goodwill is decremented. The amount of goodwill written-off is determined as the fair value of the business disposed of as a percentage of the fair value of the reporting unit retained. If the business disposed of was never fully integrated into the reporting unit after its acquisition, and thus the benefits of the acquired goodwill were never realized, the current carrying amount of the acquired goodwill is written off. Goodwill is not amortized and has been assigned to reporting units for purposes of impairment testing. Our two restaurant brands, Jack in the Box and Del Taco, are both operating segments and reporting units.

Goodwill is evaluated for impairment annually during the third quarter of each year, or more frequently if indicators of impairment are present. We first assess qualitative factors to determine whether the existence of events or circumstances lead to a determination that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit or indefinite-lived asset is less than its carrying amount. If the qualitative factors indicate that it is more likely than not that the fair value is less than the carrying amount, we perform a single-step impairment test. To perform our impairment analysis, we estimate the fair value of the reporting unit and compare it to the carrying value. If the carrying value exceeds the fair value, an impairment loss is recognized equal to the excess.

We evaluate our indefinite-lived intangible assets for impairment on an annual basis or more often if an event occurs or circumstances change that indicate impairments might exist. We perform our annual test for impairment of our indefinite-lived intangible assets during the third quarter. We may elect to perform a qualitative assessment to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of an indefinite-lived intangible asset is greater than its carrying value. If a qualitative assessment is not performed, or if as a result of a qualitative assessment it is not more likely than not that the fair value of an indefinite-lived intangible asset exceeds its carrying value, then the asset's fair value is compared to its carrying value. Fair value is an estimate of the price a willing buyer would pay for the intangible asset and is estimated by discounting the expected future after-tax cash flows associated with the intangible asset.

During the second quarter of 2025, we performed quantitative tests over the Del Taco reporting unit noting that the fair value of the reporting unit was less than the carrying value, which resulted in an impairment of goodwill. Refer also to Note 5, Goodwill and Intangible Assets, in the notes to the consolidated financial statements for additional information.

Intangible assets, net — Intangible assets primarily include franchise contracts, reacquired franchise rights and sublease assets. Franchise contracts, which represent the fair value of franchise agreements based on the projected royalty revenue stream as of the acquisition date, are amortized on a straight-line basis to “Depreciation and amortization” in the consolidated statements of earnings over the remaining term of the franchise agreements. Reacquired franchise rights are recorded in connection with our acquisition of franchised restaurants and are amortized on a straight-line basis to “Depreciation and amortization” in the consolidated statements of earnings over the term of the former franchise agreement. Sublease assets, which represent subleases with stated rent above comparable market rents as of the acquisition date, are amortized on a straight-line basis to “Franchise rental revenues” in the consolidated statements of earnings over the term of the related sublease.

Company-owned life insurance — We have purchased company-owned life insurance (“COLI”) policies to support our non-qualified benefit plans. The cash surrender values of these policies were $135.5 million and $129.7 million as of September 28, 2025 and September 29, 2024, respectively, and are included in “Other assets, net”, in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. Changes in cash surrender values are included in “Selling, general and administrative expenses” in the accompanying consolidated statements of earnings. These policies reside in an umbrella trust for use only to pay plan benefits to participants or to pay creditors if the Company becomes insolvent.

Leases— We evaluate the contracts entered into by the Company to determine whether such contracts contain leases. A contract contains a lease if the contract conveys the right to control the use of identified property, plant, and equipment for a period of time in exchange for consideration. At commencement, contracts containing a lease are further evaluated for classification as an operating or finance lease where the Company is a lessee, or as an operating, sales-type, or direct financing lease where the Company is a lessor, based on their terms.

The lease term and incremental borrowing rate for each lease requires judgment by management and can impact the classification of our leases as well as the value of our lease assets and liabilities. When determining the lease term, we consider option periods available, and include option periods in the measurement of the lease right-of-use (“ROU”) asset and lease liability where the exercise is reasonably certain to occur. As our leases do not provide an implicit discount rate, we have determined it is appropriate to use our estimated collateralized incremental borrowing rate, based on the yield curve for the respective lease terms, in calculating our lease liabilities.

F-11

JACK IN THE BOX INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

Revenue recognition — “Company restaurant sales” include revenue recognized upon delivery of food and beverages to the customer at company-operated restaurants, which is when our obligation to perform is satisfied. Company restaurant sales exclude taxes collected from the Company’s customers. Gift cards, upon customer purchase, are recorded as deferred income and are recognized in revenue as they are redeemed.

The Company operates loyalty programs in which members earn points primarily for food purchases. Points can then be redeemed for special reward offers. The Company allocates the consideration received on loyalty orders between the food purchased and the loyalty points earned, taking into consideration the expected redemption rate of loyalty points. The consideration allocated to the food is recognized as revenue at the time of sale. The consideration allocated to the loyalty points earned is deferred until the loyalty points are redeemed or expire.

“Franchise rental revenues” received from franchised restaurants based on fixed rental payments are recognized as revenue over the term of the lease. Rental revenue from properties owned and leased by the Company and leased or subleased to franchisees is recognized on a straight-line basis over the respective term of the lease. Certain franchise rents, which are contingent upon sales levels, are recognized in the period in which the contingency is met.

“Franchise royalties and other” primarily includes royalties and franchise fees received from our franchisees. Royalties are based upon a percentage of sales of the franchised restaurant and are recognized as earned. Franchise royalties are billed on a monthly basis. Franchise fees when a new restaurant opens or at the start of a new franchise term are recorded as deferred revenue when received and recognized as revenue over the term of the franchise agreement.

“Franchise contributions for advertising and other services” includes franchisee contributions to our marketing funds billed on a monthly basis and sourcing and technology fees, as required under the franchise agreements. Contributions to our marketing funds are based on a percentage of sales and recognized as earned. Sourcing and technology services are recognized when the goods or services are transferred to the franchisee.

Gift cards — We sell gift cards to our customers in our restaurants and through selected third parties. The gift cards sold to our customers have no stated expiration dates and are subject to actual or potential escheatment rights in several of the jurisdictions in which we operate. We recognize income from gift cards when redeemed by the customer. Deferred gift card income totaled $2.8 million and $2.7 million as of September 28, 2025 and September 29, 2024, respectively, and are included in “Accrued liabilities” in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.

While we will continue to honor all gift cards presented for payment, we may determine the likelihood of redemption to be remote for certain card balances due to, among other things, long periods of inactivity. In these circumstances, to the extent we determine there is no requirement for remitting balances to government agencies under unclaimed property laws, card balances may be recognized as income in our consolidated statements of operations. Amounts recognized on unredeemed gift card balances were $0.6 million, $0.8 million, and $1.6 million in fiscal 2025, 2024, and 2023, respectively.

Pre-opening costs — Pre-opening costs associated with the opening of a new restaurant or the remodeling of an existing restaurant consist primarily of property rent and employee training costs. Pre-opening costs associated with the opening of a restaurant that was closed upon acquisition consist of labor costs, maintenance and repair costs, and property rent.

Self-insurance — We are self-insured for a portion of our workers’ compensation, general liability, employee medical and dental, and automotive claims. We utilize a paid-loss plan for our workers’ compensation, general liability, and automotive programs, which have predetermined loss limits per occurrence and in the aggregate. We establish our undiscounted insurance liability and reserves using independent actuarial estimates of expected losses based on a statistical analysis of historical claims data. As of September 28, 2025 and September 29, 2024, our estimated self-insurance liability was $28.1 million and $27.9 million, respectively, and is included in “Accrued liabilities” in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.

Advertising costs — We administer marketing funds at each of our restaurant brands that include contractual contributions. In 2025, 2024 and 2023, marketing fund contributions from Jack in the Box franchise and company-operated restaurants were approximately 5.0% of sales. In 2025, 2024, and 2023, marketing fund contributions from Del Taco franchise and company-operated restaurants were approximately 4.0% of sales.

F-12

JACK IN THE BOX INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

Production costs of commercials, programming, and other marketing activities are charged to the marketing funds when the advertising is first used for its intended purpose, and the costs of advertising are charged to operations as incurred. When contributions to the marketing fund exceed the related advertising expenses, advertising costs are accrued up to the amount of revenues on an annual basis since we are contractually obligated to spend these funds. When advertising costs are greater than the contributions to the marketing fund resulting in a deficit, the excess costs are covered by marketing fund contributions in the following year. As of September 28, 2025, and September 29, 2024, the Jack in the Box marketing fund ended the year with a $0.2 million deficit, and an $0.8 million surplus, respectively. As of September 28, 2025, and September 29, 2024, the Del Taco marketing fund ended the year with a $0.3 million surplus, and a $0.8 million deficit, respectively. In 2025, 2024, and 2023, incremental contributions to the marketing fund were $6.3 million, $0.5 million, and $0.2 million. Total contributions made by the Company, including incremental contributions and marketing fund deficits, if any, are included in “Selling, general, and administrative expenses” in the accompanying consolidated statements of earnings. In fiscal 2025, 2024, and 2023 consolidated advertising costs were $39.3 million, $35.0 million, and $38.9 million, respectively.

Share-based compensation — We account for our share-based compensation under the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) authoritative guidance on stock compensation, which generally requires, among other things, that all employee share-based compensation be measured using a fair value method and that the resulting compensation cost be recognized in the financial statements. Compensation expense for our share-based compensation awards is generally recognized on a straight-line basis over the shorter of the vesting period or the period from the date of grant to the date the employee becomes eligible to retire. Refer to Note 13, Share-Based Employee Compensation, for additional information.

Income taxes — Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases, as well as tax loss and credit carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. We recognize interest and, when applicable, penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits as a component of our income tax provision.

Authoritative guidance issued by the FASB prescribes a minimum probability threshold that a tax position must meet before a financial statement benefit is recognized. The minimum threshold is defined as a tax position that is more likely than not to be sustained upon examination by the applicable taxing authority, including resolution of any related appeals or litigation processes, based on the technical merits of the position. Refer to Note 11, Income Taxes, for additional information.

Contingencies — We recognize liabilities for contingencies when we have an exposure that indicates it is probable that an asset has been impaired or that a liability has been incurred and the amount of impairment or loss can be reasonably estimated. Our ultimate legal and financial liability with respect to such matters cannot be estimated with certainty and requires the use of estimates. When the reasonable estimate is a range, the recorded loss will be the best estimate within the range. We record legal settlement costs when those costs are probable and reasonably estimable. Refer to Note 16, Commitments and Contingencies, for additional information.

Business combinations — We account for acquisitions using the acquisition method of accounting. Accordingly, assets acquired and liabilities assumed are recorded at their estimated fair values at the acquisition date. The excess of purchase price over fair value of net assets acquired, including the amount assigned to identifiable intangible assets, is recorded as goodwill.

Recent accounting pronouncements — In November 2023, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosure, which updates reportable segment disclosure requirements. The ASU requires enhanced disclosures about significant segment expenses and information used to assess segment performance and is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023 and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024 with early adoption permitted. The Company adopted this pronouncement in Form 10-K for fiscal year ended September 28, 2025. Refer to Note 10, Segment Reporting, for additional information.

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures, which requires disaggregated information about a reporting entity’s effective tax rate reconciliation as well as information on income taxes paid. The guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted, and should be applied on a prospective basis with the option to apply the standard retrospectively. The Company does not expect this pronouncement to have a significant impact.

F-13

JACK IN THE BOX INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income - Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses. ASU 2024-03 requires public companies to disclose, in the notes to financial statements, specified information about certain costs and expenses at each interim and annual reporting period. Additionally, companies will need to disclose the total amount of selling expenses and, in annual reporting periods, an entity’s definition of selling expenses. The FASB further clarified the effective date in January 2025 with the issuance of ASU 2025-01, Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income - Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220 - 40): Clarifying the Effective Date. This ASU is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim reporting periods within annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027. Early adoption is permitted. ASU 2024-03 should be applied prospectively to financial statements issued for reporting periods beginning after the effective date but entities may elect to apply the ASU retrospectively to any or all prior periods presented in the financial statements. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this guidance on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In July 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-05, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses for Accounts Receivable and Contract Assets. This amendment introduces a practical expedient for the application of the current expected credit loss (“CECL”) model to current accounts receivable and contract assets. The amendment is effective for annual and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2025, on a prospective basis, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this guidance on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In September 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-06, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other - Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Targeted Improvements to the Accounting for Internal-Use Software, which makes updates to increase the operability of the recognition guidance considering different methods of software development. The guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2027, and interim reporting periods within those annual reporting periods, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this guidance on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

2.REVENUE

Nature of products and services — We derive revenue from retail sales at Jack in the Box and Del Taco company-operated restaurants and rental revenue, royalties, advertising, and franchise and other fees from franchise-operated restaurants.

Our franchise arrangements generally provide for an initial franchise fee per restaurant for a 20-year term, and generally require that franchisees pay royalty and marketing fees based upon a percentage of gross sales. The agreements also require franchisees to pay technology fees, as well as sourcing fees for Jack in the Box franchise agreements.

Disaggregation of revenue — The following table disaggregates revenue by segment and primary source for the fiscal year ended September 28, 2025 (in thousands):

Jack in the Box Del Taco Total

F-14

JACK IN THE BOX INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

The following table disaggregates revenue by segment and primary source for the fiscal year ended September 29, 2024 (in thousands):

Jack in the Box Del Taco Total

The following table disaggregates revenue by segment and primary source for the fiscal year ended October 1, 2023 (in thousands):

Jack in the Box Del Taco Total

In October 2022, a Jack in the Box franchise operator paid the Company $7.3 million in order to sell his restaurants to a new franchisee at the current standard royalty rate, which is lower than the royalty rate in the existing franchise agreements. The payment represented the difference between the existing royalty rate and the new royalty rate based on projected future sales for the remaining term of the existing agreements. The payment was non-refundable and not subject to any adjustments based on actual future sales. The Company determined the transaction represented the termination of the existing agreement rather than the transfer of an agreement between franchisees. As such, the $7.3 million was recognized in franchise royalty revenue during the first quarter of 2023.

Contract liabilities — Our contract liabilities consist of deferred revenue resulting from initial fees received from franchisees for new restaurant openings or new franchise terms, which are generally recognized over the franchise term. We classify these contract liabilities within “Accrued liabilities” and “Other long-term liabilities” in our consolidated balance sheets.

A summary of significant changes in our contract liabilities is presented below (in thousands):

Deferred franchise and development fees at beginning of period $ 51,990 $ 50,474

Revenue recognized during the period (6,285) (5,854)

Deferred franchise and development fees at end of period $ 48,507 $ 51,990

As of September 28, 2025, approximately $8.6 million of development fees related to unopened stores are included in deferred revenue. Timing of revenue recognition is dependent upon the timing of store openings and are recognized over the franchise term at the date of opening.

F-15

JACK IN THE BOX INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

The following table reflects the estimated franchise fees to be recognized in the future related to performance obligations that are unsatisfied at the end of the period (in thousands):

We have applied the optional exemption, as provided for under ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, which allows us to not disclose the transaction price allocated to unsatisfied performance obligations when the transaction price is a sales-based royalty.

3.ASSETS HELD FOR SALE

Assets held for sale — Assets classified as held for sale consisted of the following at each fiscal year-end (in thousands):

Jack in the Box restaurant properties (1) $ 12,743 $ 14,567

Other property and equipment (2) 5,586 199

Del Taco restaurants to be refranchised:

Property and equipment — 1,318

________________________

(1)Consists of properties that are currently leased to franchisees which we intend to sell the underlying real estate directly to the franchisee and/or sell and leaseback with a third party.

(2)Consists primarily of owned properties of closed restaurants which we are actively marketing for sale.

4. SUMMARY OF REFRANCHISING AND FRANCHISE ACQUISITION

Refranchising — The following table summarizes the number of restaurants sold to franchisees and gains recognized in each fiscal year (dollars in thousands):

Restaurants sold to Jack in the Box franchisees 1 — 5

Restaurants sold to Del Taco franchisees 13 47 111

Broker commissions — — (1,614)

Net assets sold (primarily property and equipment) (1,883) (5,310) (17,101)

Sublease liabilities, net — (140) (8,559)

Gains on the sale of company-operated restaurants $ 3,243 $ 3,255 $ 17,998

________________________

(1)Amounts in 2025, 2024, and 2023 include additional proceeds of $0.7 million, $1.5 million, and $0.9 million, respectively, related to the extension of the underlying franchise and lease agreements from the sale of restaurants in prior years.

(2)Amount in 2024 is primarily comprised of a $2.2 million loss on sale of assets related to a Del Taco refranchising transaction that closed in the second quarter of 2024.

F-16

JACK IN THE BOX INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

Franchise Acquisitions — In 2025, the Company acquired 18 Del Taco franchise restaurants for $7.2 million and recognized related goodwill of $6.3 million. In 2024, the Company acquired 10 Del Taco franchise restaurants as part of three separate transactions for total consideration of $86 thousand. Consideration was comprised of franchise receivables owed to the Company as of the acquisition date. There were no such acquisitions in 2023. We account for the acquisition of franchised restaurants using the acquisition method of accounting for business combinations. The purchase price allocations were based on fair value estimates determined using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3).

The following table provides detail of the combined acquisitions in the following periods (dollars in thousands):

Restaurants acquired from Del Taco franchisees 18 10

Closing and acquisition costs — 31

Operating lease right-of-use assets (9,299) (3,479)

Goodwill recorded on franchise acquisition $ 6,326 $ —

Gain on the acquisition of franchise-operated restaurants (1) $ (6) $ (2,702)

________________________

(1)The gain on acquisition in 2025 relates to the Del Taco acquisition in 2024.

5.GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS

The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill during fiscal 2025 and 2024 were as follows (in thousands):

Jack in the Box Del Taco Total

Accumulated impairment losses — — —

Sale of Del Taco company-operated restaurants to franchisees — (5,544) (5,544)

Reclassified to assets held for sale (200) (409) (609)

Acquisition of Del Taco company-operated restaurants — 6,326 6,326

Reclassified from (to) assets held for sale 199 (52) 147

F-17

JACK IN THE BOX INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

During the third quarter of the prior year, the Company identified triggering events that indicated the goodwill allocated to the Del Taco reporting unit might be impaired. The triggering events related to i) a recent negative trend in Del Taco same store sales, ii) lower margins due in part to lower sales and higher wages required in California effective April 1, 2024 under AB 1228 and iii) unfavorable changes in the economic environment specifically impacting our industry, including inflation and interest rates. As a result, the Company performed a quantitative test over the Del Taco reporting unit, noting that the fair value of the reporting unit was less than the carrying value, which resulted in an impairment of goodwill of $162.6 million.

In performing a quantitative test for impairment of goodwill for Del Taco, we use the income approach method of valuation that includes the discounted cash flow method and the market approach that includes the guideline public company method to determine the fair value of the reporting unit. Significant assumptions made by management to estimate fair value under the discounted cash flow method include future cash flow assumptions. The Company also performed a quantitative analysis over its indefinite-lived intangible trademark asset, as well as over its definite-lived intangible assets to determine whether any impairment would need to be recognized, noting none at that time.

During the second quarter of 2025, the Company identified additional triggering events that indicated the goodwill allocated to the Del Taco reporting unit might be further impaired, including i) continued negative trend in Del Taco same store sales, ii) unfavorable changes in the economic environment specifically impacting our industry, including inflation and interest rates, iii) the potential for a divestment of Del Taco, and iv) a sustained lower share price. As a result, the Company performed a quantitative test over the Del Taco reporting unit, noting that the fair value of the reporting unit was less than the carrying value, which resulted in an impairment of goodwill of $25.3 million for the second quarter of 2025. The valuation used a blended approach with a discounted cash flow analysis in conjunction with a market approach. Assumptions and estimates used in determining fair value include revenue growth rates, operating costs, new store openings, capital expenditures, a discount rate that approximates the Company’s weighted average cost of capital and a selection of comparable companies. The Company determined that there was no such triggering event for the Jack in the Box reporting unit.

In connection with the goodwill analysis during the second quarter of 2025, and as a result of the triggering events noted above, the Company also performed a quantitative analysis over its indefinite-lived intangible trademark asset and as a result, the Company recorded impairment of $177.9 million on the Del Taco trademark asset as noted below. The Company uses a ‘relief from royalty’ method to value its trademark asset, which includes inputs such as systemwide sales, brand royalty rate, brand-related expenses, tax rate, discount rate and a long-term growth rate. During the third and fourth quarters of 2025, the Company performed a qualitative analysis over its indefinite-lived intangible trademark asset, noting no further impairment was deemed necessary.

The changes in the carrying amount of the Del Taco indefinite-lived trademark during the year-to-date period ended September 28, 2025 was as follows (in thousands):

Impairment of trademark (177,900)

The net carrying amounts of intangible assets are as follows (in thousands):

Definite-lived intangible assets:

F-18

JACK IN THE BOX INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

The following table summarizes, as of September 28, 2025, the estimated amortization expense for each of the next five fiscal years (in thousands):

6.FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

Financial assets and liabilities — The following table presents the financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis (in thousands):

Fair value measurements as of September 28, 2025:

Non-qualified deferred compensation plan (1) $ 18,326 $ 18,326 $ — $ —

Total liabilities at fair value $ 18,326 $ 18,326 $ — $ —

Fair value measurements as of September 29, 2024:

Non-qualified deferred compensation plan (1) $ 18,481 $ 18,481 $ — $ —

Total liabilities at fair value $ 18,481 $ 18,481 $ — $ —

________________________

(1)We maintain an unfunded defined contribution plan for key executives and other members of management. The fair value of this obligation is based on the closing market prices of the participants’ elected investments. The obligation is included in “Accrued liabilities” and “Other long-term liabilities” on our consolidated balance sheets.

(2)We did not have any transfers in or out of Level 1, 2, or 3.

The following table presents the carrying value and estimated fair value of our Class A-2 Notes as of September 28, 2025 and September 29, 2024 (in thousands):

Carrying Amount Fair Value Carrying Amount Fair Value

The fair value of the Class A-2 Notes was estimated using Level 2 inputs based on quoted market prices in markets that are not considered active markets. As of September 28, 2025, we had no amounts outstanding under our Variable Funding Notes.

Non-financial assets and liabilities — Our non-financial instruments, which primarily consist of property and equipment, operating lease right-of-use assets, goodwill, and intangible assets, are reported at carrying value and are not required to be measured at fair value on a recurring basis. However, on an annual basis, or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that their carrying value may not be recoverable, non-financial instruments are assessed for impairment. If applicable, the carrying values are written down to fair value.

In connection with our impairment reviews performed during 2025 and 2024, the Company impaired certain assets. For further information, see Note 4, Summary of Refranchisings and Assets Held For Sale, Note 5, Goodwill and Intangible Assets, Net, and Note 9, Other Operating Expenses, Net in the notes to the consolidated financial statements.

F-19

JACK IN THE BOX INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

7.INDEBTEDNESS

The detail of our long-term debt at the end of each fiscal year is as follows (in thousands):

Finance lease obligations and other debt 491 913

Less current maturities of long-term debt (29,489) (35,880)

Less unamortized debt issuance costs (11,890) (16,225)

Securitization refinancing transaction —Jack in the Box Funding, LLC (the “Master Issuer”), a limited-purpose, bankruptcy-remote, wholly owned indirect subsidiary of the Company is the master issuer of outstanding senior secured notes under a securitized financing facility that was entered into in July 2019. In February 2022, the Master Issuer completed a refinancing transaction and issued $550.0 million of its Series 2022-1 3.445% Fixed Rate Senior Secured Notes, Class A-2-I (the “Class A-2-I Notes”) and $550.0 million of its Series 2022-1 4.136% Fixed Rate Senior Secured Notes, Class A-2-II (the “Class A-2-II” and, together with the Class A-2-I Notes, the “2022 Notes”). Interest payments on the 2022 Notes are payable on a quarterly basis. The Anticipated Repayment Dates of the Class A-2-I Notes and the Class A-2-II Notes are February 2027 and February 2032, respectively, and the Anticipated Repayment Dates of the 2019-1 Class A-2-II Notes and the Class A-2-III Notes are August 2026 and August 2029, respectively. The legal final maturity date of the 2019 Notes and 2022 Notes is August 2049 and February 2052, respectively, but it is anticipated that, unless earlier prepaid to the extent permitted under the Indenture, the Notes will be repaid by the Anticipated Repayment Dates. If the Master Issuer has not repaid or refinanced the Notes prior to the respective Anticipated Repayment Dates, additional interest will accrue pursuant to the Indenture.

The Company also entered into a revolving financing facility of Series 2022-1 Variable Funding Senior Secured Notes (the “Variable Funding Notes”), which permits borrowings up to a maximum of $150.0 million, subject to certain borrowing conditions, a portion of which may be used to issue letters of credit. As of September 28, 2025, we did not have any outstanding borrowings and had available borrowing capacity of $96.8 million, net of letters of credits issued of $53.2 million.

The net proceeds of the sale of the 2022 Notes were used to repay in full of $570.7 million in aggregate outstanding principal amount of the Company’s Series 2019-1 Class A-2-I Notes, together with the applicable make-whole premium and unpaid interest, and was used to fund a portion of the Company’s acquisition of Del Taco. As a result, the Company recorded a loss on early extinguishment of debt of $5.6 million during the second quarter of 2022, which was comprised of the write-off of certain deferred financing costs and a specified make-whole premium payment, and is presented in “Interest expense, net” in the consolidated statement of operations. Additionally, in connection with the 2022 Notes, the Company capitalized $17.4 million of debt issuance costs, which are being amortized into interest expense over the Anticipated Repayment Dates, utilizing the effective interest rate method. The costs related to our Variable Funding Notes are presented within “Other assets, net” and are being amortized over the Anticipated Repayment Dates using the straight-line method. The costs related to our Variable Funding Notes are presented within “Other assets, net” and are being amortized over the Anticipated Repayment Date of February 2027 using the straight-line method. As of September 28, 2025, the effective interest rates, including the amortization of debt issuance costs, were4.851%, 5.258%, 3.796%, and 4.347% for the Series 2019-1 Class A-2-II Notes, Series 2019-1 Class A-2-III Notes, Series 2022-1 Class A-2-I Notes, and Series 2022-1 Class A-2-II Notes, respectively.

The 2022 Notes were issued in a privately placed securitization transaction pursuant to which certain of the Company’s revenue-generating assets, consisting principally of franchise-related agreements, real estate assets, and intellectual property and license agreements for the use of intellectual property, are held by the Master Issuer and certain other limited-purpose, bankruptcy remote, wholly owned indirect subsidiaries of the Company that act as Guarantors of the Notes and that have pledged substantially all of their assets, excluding certain real estate assets and subject to certain limitations, to secure the Notes. The 2022 Notes are subject to the same covenants and restrictions as the Series 2019-1 Notes.

F-20

JACK IN THE BOX INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

The quarterly principal payment on the Class A-2 Notes may be suspended when the specified leverage ratio, which is a measure of outstanding debt to earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization, adjusted for certain items (as defined in the Indenture), is less than or equal to 5.0x. Exceeding the leverage ratio of 5.0x does not violate any covenant related to the Class A-2 Notes. Subsequent to closing the issuance of the 2022 Notes, the Company has had a leverage ratio of greater than 5.0x and, accordingly, the Company is making the scheduled principal payments on its 2022 Notes and Series 2019-1 Notes.

Guarantees and collateral — Pursuant to the Guarantee and Collateral Agreement, dated July 8, 2019 (the “Guarantee and Collateral Agreement”), among the Guarantors, in favor of the trustee, the Guarantors guarantee the obligations of the Master Issuer under the Indenture and related documents and secure the guarantee by granting a security interest in substantially all of their assets. The Notes are secured by a security interest in substantially all of the assets of the Master Issuer and the Guarantors (collectively, the “Securitization Entities”). The assets of the Securitization Entities include most of the revenue-generating assets of the Company and its subsidiaries, which principally consist of franchise-related agreements, certain company-operated restaurants, intellectual property and license agreements for the use of intellectual property. Upon certain trigger events, mortgages will be required to be prepared and recorded on the real estate assets.

Revolving credit facility — In 2022, Del Taco entered into a syndicated revolving credit facility with an aggregate principal amount of up to $75.0 million, which matured on February 28, 2025 and was not renewed.

Maturities of long-term debt — Assuming repayment by the Anticipated Repayment Dates and based on the leverage ratio as of September 28, 2025, principal payments on our long-term debt outstanding at September 28, 2025 for each of the next five fiscal years and thereafter are as follows (in thousands):

8.LEASES

JACK US Equity

JACK · 10-K · period ended 2025-09-28

ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA

ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE

ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 9C. DISCLOSURE REGARDING FOREIGN JURISDICTIONS THAT PREVENT INSPECTIONS

ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION

ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS

ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE

ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES

ITEM 15. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES

ITEM 16. FORM 10-K SUMMARY

JACK US Equity☆

JACK · 10-K · period ended 2025-09-28

ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA

ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE

ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 9C. DISCLOSURE REGARDING FOREIGN JURISDICTIONS THAT PREVENT INSPECTIONS

ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION

ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS

ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE

ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES

ITEM 15. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES

ITEM 16. FORM 10-K SUMMARY

JACK US Equity