IDYA US Equity☆

Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

You should read the following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations together with our financial statements and the related notes included elsewhere in this report. This discussion and analysis and other parts of this report contain forward-looking statements based upon current beliefs, plans and expectations related to future events and our future financial performance that involve risks, uncertainties and assumptions, such as statements regarding our intentions, plans, objectives, expectations, forecasts and projections. Our actual results and the timing of selected events could differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of several factors, including those set forth under the section titled “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this report.

Overview

We are a synthetic lethality-focused precision medicine oncology company committed to the discovery and development of targeted therapeutics for patient populations selected using molecular diagnostics. Our approach integrates small molecule drug discovery with extensive capabilities in identifying and validating translational biomarkers to develop targeted therapies for select patient populations most likely to benefit. We are applying these capabilities to develop a robust pipeline in precision medicine oncology, with a research and development focus in synthetic lethality—which represents an emerging class of precision medicine targets.

IDE397 – MAT2A Inhibitor Development Candidate

Our most advanced synthetic lethality research program targets methionine adenosyltransferase 2a, or MAT2A, for solid tumors with methylthioadenosine phosphorylase, or MTAP, deletions, a patient population estimated to represent approximately 15% of solid tumors.

Our MAT2A inhibitor development candidate is designated as IDE397. We submitted an IND, to the FDA for IDE397, which is now effective. We are initiating a Phase 1 clinical trial for evaluation of IDE397 as monotherapy, and are targeting First-Patient-In in the Phase 1 clinical trial in the first quarter of 2021.

Initial clinical development plans to evaluate IDE397 include a dose escalation portion of the Phase 1 clinical trial in which we plan to enroll patients having solid tumors with MTAP deletion identified by commercial or institutional next generation sequencing, or NGS, panels, and in some cases also confirmed by an MTAP immunohistochemistry, or IHC, assay. Following and subject to satisfactory completion of the dose escalation portion of the Phase 1 clinical trial, we plan to enroll patients having solid tumors with MTAP deletion into one or more expansion arms focused on selected solid tumor indications. We plan to obtain patient biopsies from the dose escalation and expansion portions of the clinical trial for translational research, including evaluation of certain pharmacodynamic, or PD, biomarkers, such as peripheral S-adenosyl methionine, or SAM, and tumor SAM as determined by liquid chromatography / mass spectroscopy, or LCMS, assays, and tumor symmetrical dimethyl arginine, or SDMA, as determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, or ELISA, IHC assay and/or LCMS assay. We have a program objective to obtain preliminary clinical PD data from the dose-escalation portion of the IDE397 monotherapy Phase 1 clinical trial in the second half of 2021.

We are continuing to advance certain preclinical activities to support IDE397 as a clinical candidate.

We are evaluating the efficacy of monotherapy IDE397 in over forty solid tumor patient derived xenograft, or PDX, models with homozygous MTAP deletions across a range of solid tumor types. Preliminary results of this IDE397 MTAP-deletion PDX Panel Study show in vivo efficacy in multiple MTAP-null xenograft models, demonstrating tumor growth inhibition when MAT2A is pharmacologically inhibited with IDE397 as monotherapy, including in non-small cell lung cancer. In this study, we observed > 75% Tumor Growth Inhibition, or TGI, in ~ 50% of models and across major solid tumor types. We also observed tumor regressions, with > 100% TGI, in multiple PDX models and across multiple solid tumor types.

We are planning to present data summarizing the results of the IDE397 MTAP-deletion PDX Panel Study at the 2021 Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research, or AACR in April 2021. We also plan to present preclinical data at AACR in April 2021 evaluating the effects of pharmacological inhibition of MAT2A, including analyses of genomic and metabolic effects in an isogenic cell pair and of proliferation effects in a panel of MTAP wild type and MTAP-deleted cell lines.

We have completed the good laboratory practice, or GLP, compliant toxicology studies with IDE397 in multiple species.

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Preclinical combination tolerability and efficacy studies are ongoing to evaluateIDE397 in combination withGSK oncology assets, as well as other potential oncology agents, including taxanes.

We plan to lead research and development of IDE397 through early clinical development, in collaboration with GlaxoSmithKline pursuant to the Collaboration, Option and License Agreement, or the GSK Collaboration Agreement, with an affiliate of GlaxoSmithKline, GLAXOSMITHKLINE INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY (NO. 4), Limited, or GSK.

PARG

We are advancing our preclinical research for an inhibitor of poly (ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase, or PARG, for patients having tumors with a defined biomarker based on genetic mutations and/or molecular signatures.

One of our PARG inhibitor compounds, designated as IDB-PARG, has demonstrated dose-dependent in vivo efficacy as monotherapy with tumor regression or stasis in multiple PDX models and in multiple cell-derived xenograft, or CDX, models. We observed tumor regressions (> 100% TGI) in multiple breast cancer PDX models with defined genetic and subtyping profiles. We also observed tumor regressions and enhanced TGI relative to niraparib in multiple CDX models, including in vivo efficacy in a niraparib-resistant resistant CDX model.

We plan to present data at AACR in April 2021 summarizing the results of our preclinical studies evaluating the effects of pharmacological inhibition of PARG in a panel of homologous recombination deficient cell lines and in CDX and PDX models.

We are continuing to evaluate the efficacy of IDB-PARG as monotherapy across a panel of additional solid tumor PDX models with specific genetic alterations.

We entered into a strategic collaboration with the Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, or Broad Institute, focused on synthetic lethality target and biomarker discovery. Under our collaboration with the Broad Institute, we are evaluating pharmacological inhibition across a panel of cell lines using the Broad Institute’s PRISM platform to inform patient selection for potential clinical development of a PARG inhibitor. PRISM is a high-throughput, multiplexed screening platform which we are using to evaluate our proprietary small molecule PARG inhibitor for activity against a curated panel of more than 750 genomically-characterized human cancer cell lines representing > 45 lineages.

We are also collaborating with the Broad Institute to evaluate paralogous CRISPR knockdown in selected cell lines in conjunction with pharmacological inhibition of PARG to inform patient selection and combination strategies in ovarian and breast cancer.

We have extended the option period during which IDEAYA has rights to exercise an option to certain license rights under the Evaluation, Option and License Agreement with Cancer Research UK and University of Manchester, or CRUK-UMann Agreement to September 2022. The eighteen month extension of the option period was effected pursuant to the terms of the March 2020 amendment to the CRUK-UMann Agreement.

Subject to further preclinical studies, we are targeting to identify a PARG inhibitor development candidate in 2021.

Werner Helicase

We are also continuing to advance our preclinical research in collaboration with GSK for an inhibitor targeting Werner Helicase, or WRN, for patients having tumors with high microsatellite instability, or MSI. We have observed dose-dependent cellular viability effect and a dose-dependent cellular pharmacodynamic, or PD, response in multiple endogenous MSI high cell lines. We have also demonstrated preliminary in vivo efficacy and PD response in a relevant MSI high model.

For this program, we plan to continue further development in collaboration with GSK pursuant to the GSK Collaboration Agreement.

Pol Theta

We are progressing our program targeting DNA Polymerase Theta, or Pol Theta or POLQ, in collaboration with GSK for patients having solid tumors with BRCA or other homologous recombination deficiency, or HRD, mutations. We have shown combination activity with multiple PARP inhibitors, including niraparib. We have demonstrated synergistic in vivo

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efficacy of a PolTheta inhibitor with niraparib: the combination of our Pol Theta inhibitor with niraparib enhanced the activity of niraparib in the DLD1 BRCA2-/- xenograft model. Tumor regressions were observed for all animals in the study which were administered the combination, which was well tolerated.

We plan to continue further development of our POLQ program, including both protein degraders and small molecule inhibitors in collaboration with GSK pursuant to the GSK Collaboration Agreement, and are targeting selecting a development candidate for a Pol Theta small molecule inhibitor in 2021.

DNA Damage Target

We have initiated early preclinical research programs to identify small molecule inhibitors for multiple distinct DNA Damage Targets, or DDTs, for patients with solid tumors characterized by a proprietary biomarker or a gene signature.

Synthetic Lethality Target and Biomarker Discovery Platform

Synthetic lethality continues to be our core research focus. We have invested significantly and continue to invest in capabilities for identification and validation of new synthetic lethality targets. For targets of interest, we advance our research to discover therapeutic drugs and relevant biomarkers.

IDE196 - PKC Inhibitor Clinical Candidate

We continue to execute on our ongoing Phase 1/2 clinical trial and preclinical research activities for our clinical candidate IDE196, a protein kinase C, or PKC, inhibitor for genetically-defined cancers having activating GNAQ or GNA11 hotspot mutations, including in metastatic uveal melanoma, or MUM, skin melanoma and other solid tumors.

Our clinical trial strategy is to pursue IDE196 combination therapies in MUM, including with binimetinib, a MEK inhibitor, and independently with crizotinib, a cMET inhibitor, each pursuant to our Clinical Trial Collaboration and Supply Agreement, or Pfizer Agreement, with Pfizer. We have formed a joint development committee with Pfizer responsible for coordinating all regulatory and other activities under the Pfizer Agreement, including for both the IDE196/binimetinib combination arm of the clinical trial and the IDE196/crizotinib combination arm of the clinical trial. If the clinical data from either or both of these combination studies is positive, we plan to enter into good faith negotiations with Pfizer to determine a regulatory submission strategy.

We are continuing to evaluate IDE196 as monotherapy in non-MUM cancers, including in skin melanoma, where we have met the clinical protocol criteria for an expansion cohort, based on observing one confirmed partial response in an initial four evaluable patients.

Based on preliminary IDE196 monotherapy clinical data and its mechanism of action, we anticipate IDE196 clinical activity independent of Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) status in GNAQ/11-mutation cancers.

IDE196 / Binimetinib Combination Therapy

In June 2020, we initiated a combination arm of our Phase 1/2 clinical trial to evaluate IDE196 in combination with binimetinib in patients having tumors harboring activating GNAQ or GNA11 hotspot mutations. An initial dose escalation portion of this arm of the clinical trial is evaluating the safety and efficacy of IDE196 in combination with binimetinib at various dose combinations, initially in patients with metastatic uveal melanoma, or MUM. Following our evaluation of tolerability and preliminary efficacy from the IDE196 / binimetinib combination arm of the clinical trial in MUM, we may also evaluate IDE196 / binimetinib combination therapy in patients having other solid tumors with activating GNAQ/11 hotspot mutations outside of uveal melanoma, such as skin melanoma.

We are continuing patient enrollment into the IDE196 / binimetinib combination arm under the clinical trial collaboration and supply agreement with Pfizer. We initiated dose expansion in the IDE196 / binimetinib Phase 1/2 study in MUM, based on an observation of early clinical activity of the combination in MUM. We are targeting to enroll a total of approximately 40 patients in the IDE196 / binimetinib combination arm in MUM.

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We anticipate interim data from the IDE196 / binimetinib combination therapy arm of the Phase 1/2 clinical trial in MUM patients in 2021.

IDE196 / Crizotinib Combination Therapy

In September, 2020, we expanded the scope of our Pfizer Agreement to evaluate IDE196 and crizotinib as a combination therapy in patients having tumors harboring activating GNAQ or GNA11 hotspot mutations.

In December 2020, we initiated a combination arm of our Phase 1/2 clinical trial to evaluate IDE196 in combination with crizotinib in patients having tumors harboring activating GNAQ or GNA11 hotspot mutations. An initial dose escalation portion of this arm of the clinical trial will be evaluating the safety and efficacy of IDE196 in combination with crizotinib at various dose combinations, initially in patients with metastatic uveal melanoma, or MUM. Following our evaluation of tolerability and preliminary efficacy from the IDE196 / crizotinib combination arm of the clinical trial in MUM, we may also evaluate IDE196 / crizotinib combination therapy in patients having other solid tumors with activating GNAQ/11 hotspot mutations outside of uveal melanoma, such as skin melanoma.

We are continuing patient enrollment into the IDE196 / crizotinib combination arm under the clinical trial collaboration and supply agreement with Pfizer.

We identified cMET as a potential biomarker and a cMET inhibitor as potential combination agent though our translational research studies, or IDE196 cMET Translational Studies. In these studies, we observed preclinical synergies between IDE196 and crizotinib in relevant cellular models under conditions simulating a tumor microenvironment in the liver, the site of approximately 90% of uveal melanoma metastases. Additionally, we conducted a retrospective analysis of human clinical samples from the Novartis IDE196 Phase 1 clinical trial, which also independently supported cMET expression / activation as potential biomarker / combination agent.

We are planning to present data summarizing the results of the IDE196 cMET Translational Studies at AACR in April 2021.

IDE196 Monotherapy

Our ongoing monotherapy arm of the Phase 1/2 clinical trial was initiated in June 2019 to evaluate IDE196 in solid tumors harboring GNAQ or GNA11 hotspot mutations in a basket trial design. We have completed enrollment in the monotherapy arm of the Phase 1/2 clinical trial in MUM. We are continuing enrollment of patients having other, non-MUM solid tumors harboring GNAQ or GNA11 hotspot mutations, such as skin melanoma.

Our development strategy in the monotherapy non-MUM GNAQ/11 arm of the clinical trial is focused on skin melanoma. In the Phase 2 basket arm evaluating IDE196 as monotherapy in non-MUM solid tumors harboring GNAQ or GNA11 hotspot mutations (GNAQ/11), the clinical protocol criteria have been met for cohort expansion in cutaneous melanoma, or skin melanoma. We are actively enrolling for this Phase 2 cohort expansion in skin melanoma. Of 4 evaluable skin melanoma patients harboring GNAQ/11 hotspot mutations (excluding 1 non-evaluable) as of August 1, 2020, a 100% Disease Control Rate was observed, and one confirmed partial response (cPR) was determined by RESIST, or Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors, 1.1 guidelines, satisfying the protocol requirement of at least one RECIST response in the first Stage 1 cohort (n=9) in order to expand into a second Stage 2 cohort (n=15). Following satisfaction of the clinical protocol criteria, we can enroll an additional 15 skin melanoma patients harboring GNAQ/11 mutations into the Stage 2 cohort expansion, for a total planned enrollment of 24 patients in the skin melanoma cohort.

As of March 15, 2020, we have enrolled a total of nine patients with solid tumors other than MUM, including seven patients with skin melanoma, into the Phase 2 monotherapy basket arm.

We have added and are continuing to access potential additional clinical trial sites to supplement enrollment into the Phase 2 basket arm of the IDE196 clinical trial. We have established a relationship with Tempus and with CARIS, in each case through which we are accessing their network of clinical trial sites into which we can enroll qualifying patients having tumors harboring GNAQ/11 hotspot mutations.

We anticipate disclosing interim data from the monotherapy arm of our ongoing IDE196-001 Phase 1/2 basket trial in 2021, including in MUM and in GNAQ/11-mutation skin melanoma. Preliminary clinical data from IDE196 monotherapy arm shows that IDE196 activity is independent of HLA status.

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IDE196 Tolerability

IDE196 has been generally well tolerated in the Phase 1/2 clinical trial. We plan to update further on tolerability in connection with an interim data updates for IDE196 / binimetinib combination therapy in MUM and for IDE196 monotherapy in MUM and in GNAQ/11 mutant skin melanoma.

IDE196 was initially developed by Novartis, and we obtained an exclusive, worldwide license to IDE196 from Novartis in September 2018. Pursuant to our license agreement with Novartis, except for Novartis’ ongoing Phase 1 clinical trial, we control all future clinical development, and all commercial rights to IDE196, and may rely on and incorporate data previously submitted to the FDA by Novartis into our own regulatory submissions. Novartis has completed enrollment in a Phase 1 clinical trial it is conducting to evaluate IDE196 in metastatic uveal melanoma. Phase 1 monotherapy data from Novartis was presented at the American Association for Cancer Research, or AACR, in April 2019.

Other Potential Indications

We are continuing our preclinical evaluation of IDE196 in Sturge-Weber Syndrome, or SWS, a rare neurocutaneous disorder characterized by capillary malformations and associated with mutations in GNAQ. Our preclinical evaluation will include potential feasibility for pediatric use.

Clinical Trial Collaboration and Supply Agreement for IDE196 Program

On March 11, 2020, we entered into the Pfizer Agreement with Pfizer Inc., pursuant to which Pfizer will supply us with their MEK inhibitor, binimetinib, to evaluate the combination in patients with tumors harboring activating GNAQ or GNA11 hotspot mutations.

On September 23, 2020, we expanded the scope of our clinical trial collaboration and supply agreement with Pfizer, pursuant to which Pfizer will supply us with their cMET inhibitor, crizotinib to evaluate IDE196 and crizotinib as a combination therapy in patients having tumors harboring activating GNAQ or GNA11 hotspot mutations.

For each of the IDE196/binimetinib and IDE196/crizotinib combination arms of the clinical trial, we have established a joint development committee, and there will be joint decision making and data sharing of the clinical trial results between the parties. We will sponsor the clinical studies and Pfizer will provide the binimetinib and crizotinib drug supply. If there is clinical data from the collaboration studies that could be used to obtain regulatory approvals or label changes, we will enter into good faith negotiations with Pfizer to determine a regulatory submission strategy.

Public Offering and Sale of IDEAYA Common Stock

On June 22, 2020, we closed on an underwritten public offering, or the Offering, of 6,666,667 shares of our common stock at an offering price of $15.00 per share, pursuant to which we received gross proceeds of $100.0 million, before deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and other offering expenses.

On July 22, 2020, as part of the Offering, the Company sold and issued an additional 500,000 shares of common stock upon the exercise of the overallotment option by the underwriters for gross proceeds of $7.5 million before deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and other offering. We realized aggregate gross proceeds of $107.5 million from the Offering, including gross proceeds from the sale of shares in the base Offering and the sale of shares from exercise of the overallotment option, and before deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and other offering expenses payable by us.

Private Placement of IDEAYA Common Stock with GSK

On June 17, 2020, we entered into a stock purchase agreement with Glaxo Group Limited, or GGL, an affiliate of GlaxoSmithKline, pursuant to which GGL agreed to purchase in a private placement, subject to certain conditions, 1,333,333 shares of our common stock at a price per share of $15.00, which is equal to the public offering price per share in the Offering. The common stock sold pursuant thereto was not registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act. The closing of this private placement occurred on August 3, 2020, following HSR Clearance of the associated GSK Collaboration Agreement, described below, and satisfaction of other certain customary closing conditions, pursuant to which we received proceeds of $20.0 million.

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On August 3, 2020, following HSR Clearance of the associated GSK Collaboration Agreement, we closed on the private placement of 1,333,333 shares of our common stock to Glaxo Group Limited, or GGL, an affiliate of GlaxoSmithKline, at a price per share of $15.00, which is equal to the public offering price per share in the Offering. The common stock sold pursuant thereto was not registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act. We received proceeds of $20.0 million from the sale of these shares in this private placement.

Prospectus Supplement - At-the-Market Facility

On August 12, 2020, we filed a prospectus supplement to the prospectus dated June 10, 2020, activating our at-the-market, or ATM, facility by entering into an Open Market Sale Agreement, or August 2020 Sales Agreement, with Jefferies LLC, or Jefferies, relating to shares of our common stock offered by the prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus. Pursuant to the terms of the August 2020 Sales Agreement, we may offer and sell shares of our common stock, $0.0001 par value per share, having an aggregate offering price of up to $50,000,000 from time to time through Jefferies acting as agent. Pursuant to the August 2020 Sales Agreement, Jefferies, as sales agent, receives a commission of 3.0% of the aggregate gross proceeds that the Company receives from each sale of its shares of common stock sold under the August 2020 Sales Agreement.

During the three months ended December 31, 2020, we sold 410,896 shares of our common stock for aggregate net proceeds of $6.6 million after deducting sales commission and other expenses at a weighted average sales price of approximately $16.92per share under an at-the-market offering pursuant to the August 2020 Sales Agreement with Jefferies as sales agent.

On January 20, 2021, we entered into a new Open Market Sale Agreement, or January 2021 Sale Agreement, with Jefferies, with respect to an at-the-market offering program under which we may offer and sell, from time to time at our sole discretion, shares of its common stock, par value $0.0001 per share (the “Common Stock”), having aggregate gross proceeds of up to $90.0 million through Jefferies as its sales agent. Under the January 2021 Sale Agreement, we will pay Jefferies a commission equal to three percent (3.0%) of the aggregate gross proceeds from each sale of shares sold through Jefferies under the January 2021 Sale Agreement.

Subsequent to December 31, 2020, from January 2021 through March 22, 2021, we sold an additional 2,709,385 shares of our common stock for aggregate gross proceeds of $43.3 million at a weighted average sales price of approximately $15.97per share under an at-the-market offering pursuant to the August 2020 and January 2021 Sales Agreements with Jefferies as sales agent.

Management / Leadership Team

We continue to enhance our leadership team with the addition of Matthew Maurer, M.D. as Vice President, Head of Clinical Oncology and Medical Affairs in January 2021. Dr. Maurer was previously with Bristol Myers Squibb, and was earlier an oncologist and Assistant Professor of Medicine at Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons.

Board of Directors

Susan L. Kelley, M.D. has joined as a member of our board of directors effective February 12, 2021, serving as a Class III director, with an initial term expiring at our 2022 annual meeting of stockholders. Dr. Kelley has over 25 years of experience in oncology drug research and development, including most recently as Chief Medical Officer of the Multiple Myeloma Research Consortium (MMRC), and previously at Bayer Healthcare Pharmaceuticals and Bayer-Schering Pharma, and at Bristol-Myers Squibb.

Components of Operating Results

Collaboration Revenues

To date, we have not generated any revenue from product sales, and we do not expect to generate any revenue from product sales for the foreseeable future. Our revenue exclusively consists of collaboration revenue under the GSK Collaboration Agreement, including amounts that are recognized related to upfront payments and amounts due to us for research and development services. In the future, revenue may include additional milestone payments, option exercise payments, profit sharing, and royalties on any net product sales under our collaborations. We expect that any revenue we generate will fluctuate from period to period as a result of the timing and amount of license, research and development services, and milestone and other payments.

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Operating Expenses

Research and Development Expenses

Substantially all of our research and development expenses consist of expenses incurred in connection with discovery and development of our product candidates. These expenses include certain payroll and personnel-related expenses, including salaries, employee benefit costs and stock-based compensation expenses for our research and product development employees, fees to third parties to conduct certain research and development activities on our behalf including fees to CMOs and CROs in support of manufacturing and clinical activity for IDE196, consulting costs, costs for laboratory supplies, costs for product licenses and allocated overhead, including rent, equipment, depreciation, information technology costs and utilities. We expense both internal and external research and development expenses as they are incurred.

We have entered into various agreements with CMOs and CROs. Our research and development accruals are estimated based on the level of services performed, progress of the studies, including the phase or completion of events, and contracted costs. The estimated costs of research and development provided, but not yet invoiced, are included in accrued liabilities on the balance sheet. If the actual timing of the performance of services or the level of effort varies from the original estimates, we will adjust the accrual accordingly. Payments made to CMOs and CROs under these arrangements in advance of the performance of the related services are recorded as prepaid expenses and other current assets until the services are rendered.

Costs of certain activities, such as preclinical studies, are generally recognized based on an evaluation of the progress to completion of specific tasks. Nonrefundable payments made prior to the receipt of goods or services that will be used or rendered for future research and development activities are deferred and capitalized as prepaid expenses and other current assets on our balance sheet. The capitalized amounts are recognized as expense as the goods are delivered or the related services are performed.

We do not allocate our internal costs by product candidate, including internal costs, such as payroll and other personnel expenses, laboratory supplies and allocated overhead. With respect to internal costs, several of our departments support multiple product candidate research and development programs, and therefore the costs cannot be allocated to a particular product candidate or development program. The following table summarizes our external clinical development expenses by program:

Year Ended December 31,

External clinical development expenses (1):

Personnel related and stock-based compensation 10,669 11,772

Other research and development expenses 20,630 16,428

Total research and development expenses $ 39,698 $ 34,319

We are focusing substantially all of our resources on the development of our product candidates. We expect our research and development expenses to increase substantially during the next few years, as we seek to initiate clinical trials for our product candidates, complete our clinical program, pursue regulatory approval of our product candidates and prepare for a possible commercial launch. Predicting the timing or the cost to complete our clinical program or validation of our commercial manufacturing and supply processes is difficult and delays may occur because of many factors, including factors outside of our control. For example, if the FDA or other regulatory authorities were to require us to conduct clinical trials beyond those that we currently anticipate, or if we experience significant delays in enrollment in any of our clinical trials, we could be required to expend significant additional financial resources and time on the completion of clinical development. Furthermore, we are unable to predict when or if our product candidates will receive regulatory approval with any certainty.

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General and Administrative Expenses

General and administrative expenses consist primarily of payroll and personnel-related expenses, including salaries, employee benefit costs and stock-based compensation expense, professional fees for legal, patent, consulting, accounting and tax services, allocated overhead, including rent, equipment, depreciation, information technology costs and utilities, and other general operating expenses not otherwise classified as research and development expenses. We anticipate that our general and administrative expenses will increase, as a result of increased personnel costs, including salaries, benefits and stock-based compensation expense, patent costs for our product candidates, expanded infrastructure and higher consulting, legal and accounting services associated with maintaining compliance with our NASDAQ stock exchange listing and requirements of the Securities and Exchange Commission, or the SEC, investor relations costs and director and officer insurance policy premiums associated with being a public company.

Other Income (Expense)

Interest Income and Other Income (Expense), Net

Interest income and other income (expense), net consists primarily of interest income earned on our cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities.

Results of Operations

A discussion regarding our financial condition and results of operations for fiscal year 2020 compared to fiscal year 2019 is presented below. A discussion regarding our financial condition and results of operations for fiscal year 2019 compared to fiscal year 2018 can be found in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 24, 2020, which is available free of charge on the SEC’s website at http://www.sec.gov and at our investor relations website, https://ir.ideayabio.com/.

Comparison of the Years Ended December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019

The following table summarizes our results of operations for the periods indicated (in thousands):

Years Ended December 31,

Revenue:

Operating expenses:

Interest income and other income (expense), net 849 2,296 (1,447 ) (63 %)

Collaboration Revenue

Collaboration revenue increased by $19.5 million in the year ended December 31, 2020. In July 2020, the GSK Collaboration Agreement became effective, and we started recognizing collaboration revenue, which consists of revenue from preclinical and Phase 1 monotherapy clinical research and development services under the MAT2A program as well as preclinical research services and the related license under the Pol Theta and WRN programs. Collaboration revenue recognized in the year ended December 31, 2020 also included $3.0 million of revenue from the exercise by GSK of the material right associated with the option to license IDEAYA-owned technology under the MAT2A program to the extent necessary for preclinical activities.

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Research and Development Expenses

Research and development expenses increased by $5.4 million, or 16%, from the year ended December 31, 2019 to the year ended December 31, 2020. The increase in research and development expenses was primarily due to an increase in external clinical development expenses for IDE397 of $2.2 million related to manufacturing and clinical startup activities, an increase in external clinical development expenses for IDE196 of $0.1 million related to increased patient enrollment in our Phase 1/2 clinical trial to evaluate IDE196 in solid tumors, an increase in fees paid to CROs, CMOs and consultants of $5.2 million related to the advancement of our lead product candidates through preclinical studies, and an increase in software licenses, subscriptions and depreciation expense of $0.3 million. The increase was partially offset by a decrease in costs for laboratory supplies used in support of our research programs of $1.5 million due to decreased laboratory operations as a result of COVID-19 restrictions, and a decrease in payroll expenses, including salaries, benefits and stock-based compensation expense of $1.1 million due to a decrease in our average research and development headcount for the year.

General and Administrative Expenses

General and administrative expenses increased by $5.2 million, or 53%, from the year ended December 31, 2019 to the year ended December 31, 2020. The increase in general and administrative expenses was primarily due to an increase in payroll and personnel-related expenses, including salaries, benefits and stock-based compensation expense, of $2.8 million related to increased general and administrative headcount to support our growth, an increase in directors’ and officers’ liability insurance premiums of $1.0 million, an increase in legal patent expense of $0.4 million due to increased patent filings, an increase in consulting fees of $0.3 million related to human resources and information technology support, an increase in costs associated with the filing of a shelf registration statement on Form S-3 of $0.2 million, and an increase in software licenses of $0.2 million.

Interest Income and Other Income (Expense), Net

Interest income decreased by $1.4 million, or 63%, from the year ended December 31, 2019 to the year ended December 31, 2020, primarily due to a decrease in interest income on our cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities balances, as a result of the lower interest yields.

Liquidity and Capital Resources; Plan of Operations

Sources of Liquidity

We have funded our operations primarily through the sale and issuance of common stock, redeemable convertible preferred stock, and convertible promissory notes, as well as the up-front payment received from GSK. As of December 31, 2020, we had cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities of $283.6 million, consisting primarily of money market funds, U.S. government securities, commercial paper, and corporate bonds.

Material Cash Requirements

We have incurred net losses since our inception. For the years ended December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, we had net losses of $34.5 million and $42.0 million, respectively, and we expect to incur substantial additional losses in future periods. As of December 31, 2020, we had an accumulated deficit of $127.0 million. Based on our current business plan, we believe that our existing cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities will be sufficient to fund our planned operations into 2024.

To date, we have not generated any product revenue. We do not expect to generate any meaningful product revenue unless and until we obtain regulatory approval of and commercialize any of our product candidates, and we do not know when, or if, it will occur. We expect to continue to incur significant losses for the foreseeable future, and we expect the losses to increase as we continue the development of, and seek regulatory approvals for, our product candidates and begin to commercialize any approved products. We are subject to all of the risks typically related to the development of new product candidates, and we may encounter unforeseen expenses, difficulties, complications, delays and other unknown factors that may adversely affect our business. Moreover, we expect to incur additional costs associated with operating as a public company.

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We will continue to require additional capital to develop our product candidates and fund operations for the foreseeable future. We may seek to raise capital through private or public equity or debt financings, collaboration or other arrangements with corporate sources, or through other sources of financing. Adequate additional funding may not be available to us on acceptable terms or at all. Our failure to raise capital as and when needed would have a negative impact on our financial condition and our ability to pursue our business strategies. We anticipate that we will need to raise substantial additional capital, the requirements for which will depend on many factors, including:

• the number and scope of clinical programs we decide to pursue;

• the cost, timing and outcome of regulatory review of our product candidates;

• the costs associated with being a public company; and

A change in the outcome of any of these or other variables with respect to the development of any of our product candidates could significantly change the costs and timing associated with the development of that product candidate. Furthermore, our operating plans may change in the future, and we will continue to require additional capital to meet operational needs and capital requirements associated with such operating plans. If we raise additional funds by issuing equity securities, our stockholders may experience dilution. Any future debt financing into which we enter may impose upon us additional covenants that restrict our operations, including limitations on our ability to incur liens or additional debt, pay dividends, repurchase our common stock, make certain investments or engage in certain merger, consolidation or asset sale transactions. Any debt financing or additional equity that we raise may contain terms that are not favorable to us or our stockholders. If we are unable to raise additional funds when needed, we may be required to delay, reduce, or terminate some or all of our development programs and clinical trials. We may also be required to sell or license to others rights to our product candidates in certain territories or indications that we would prefer to develop and commercialize ourselves.

We lease our laboratory and office facilities in South San Francisco, California under non-cancelable operating leases with expiration dates in July 2024. In May 2018, we amended our South San Francisco facility lease agreement to expand the size of the original premises by adding approximately 7,340 rentable square feet of additional space. In September 2019, we further amended our South San Francisco facility lease agreement to expand the size of the premises by adding 5,588 rentable square feet of additional space. As of December 31, 2020, we expect to make the total lease payments of $7.6 million through July 2024.

We enter into contracts in the normal course of business with third-party contract organizations for preclinical and clinical studies and testing, manufacture and supply of our preclinical and clinical materials and providing other services and products for operating purposes. These contracts generally provide for termination following a certain period after notice, and therefore we believe that our non-cancelable obligations under these agreements are not material.

Pursuant to the GSK Collaboration Agreement, subject to GSK’s exercise of the Option, we will be responsible for 20% of further development costs for the MAT2A program thereafter. The cost-sharing percentages will be adjusted based on the actual ratio of U.S. to global profits for MAT2A products, as measured three and six years after global commercial launch thereof. Also, we will be responsible for 20% of global research and development costs for the WRN program. The cost-sharing percentages will be adjusted based on the actual ratio of U.S. to global profits for WRN products, as measured three and six years after global commercial launch thereof. We may opt out of 50% U.S. net profit share and corresponding development cost share for the MAT2A program and/or WRN program.

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In September 2018, we entered into a license agreement with Novartis International Pharmaceuticals Ltd., or Novartis, to develop and commercialize Novartis’ LXS196 (also known as IDE196), a PKC inhibitor for the treatment of cancers having GNAQ and GNA11 mutations. In consideration of license and rights granted under the license agreement, we made a one-time cash payment of $2.5 million to Novartis and issued 263,615 shares of Series B redeemable convertible preferred stock to an affiliate of Novartis. Under the license agreement, we agreed to make contingent development and sales milestone payments of up to $29.0 million and mid to high single digit royalty payments of the net sales of licensed products. Such milestones and royalties are dependent on future activity or product sales and are not provided for in the table above as the timing and amounts, if any, are not estimable.

We did not have during the periods presented, and we do not currently have, any off-balance sheet arrangements.

Adequate additional funding may not be available to us on acceptable terms or at all. See the section of this Annual Report titled “Part I, Item 1A. – Risk Factors” for additional risks associated with our substantial capital requirements.

Summary Statement of Cash Flows

The following table sets forth the primary sources and uses of cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash for each of the periods presented below (in thousands):

Years Ended December 31,

Net cash (used in) provided by:

Net increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash $ 37,970 $ 13,562

Cash Flows from Operating Activities

Net cash provided by operating activities was $55.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2020. Cash provided by operating activities was primarily due to an increase in contract liability of $83.8 million as a result of the up-front payment received from GSK, stock-based compensation expense of $3.6 million, an increase of accrued and other liabilities of $3.0 million due to fees to CROs in support of research and manufacturing activities and an increase in accrued payroll expenses due to increased headcounts, and depreciation and amortization expense of $1.4 million, partially offset by the use of funds in our operations to develop our product candidates resulting in a net loss of $34.5 million and an increase in accounts receivable of $1.9 million due to the estimated program costs for the fourth quarter of 2020 reimbursable by GSK under the GSK Collaboration Agreement.

Net cash used in operating activities was $39.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2019. Cash used in operating activities was primarily due to the use of funds in our operations to develop our product candidates resulting in a net loss of $42.0 million, adjusted for the net amortization of premiums and discounts on marketable securities of $0.5 million and an increase in prepaid expenses and other assets of $2.0 million mainly due to advance payments for director’s and officers’ liability insurance premiums and fees for CROs, partially offset by depreciation and amortization expense of $1.2 million and stock-based compensation expense of $2.2 million, and an increase in accrued and other liabilities of $2.0 million mainly due to fees to CMOs and CROs in support of manufacturing and clinical activity for IDE196 and personnel-related expenses.

Cash Flows from Investing Activities

Net cash used in investing activities was $146.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2020, which consisted primarily of $242.3 million used to purchase marketable securities and $0.5 million used to purchase property and equipment, partially offset by $96.6 million provided by maturities of marketable securities.

Net cash provided by investing activities was $2.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2019, which consisted primarily of $73.5 million provided by maturities of marketable securities and $18.1 million from sales of marketable securities, partially offset by $88.0 million used to purchase marketable securities and $1.4 million used to purchase property and equipment.

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Cash Flows from Financing Activities

Net cash provided by financing activities was $128.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2020, which consisted primarily of $100.7 million of net proceeds from our follow-on offering, $20.0 million of net proceeds from our private placement of common stock, $6.6 million of proceeds from ATM offering, $1.2 million of proceeds from exercise of common stock options, and $0.3 million of proceeds from ESPP purchase.

Net cash provided by financing activities was $50.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2019, which consisted primarily of $50.3 million of net proceeds from our IPO.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Our financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, or GAAP. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported revenue recognized and expenses incurred during the reporting periods. Our estimates are based on our historical experience and on various other factors that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions. We believe that the accounting policies discussed below are critical to understanding our historical and future performance, as these policies relate to the more significant areas involving management’s judgments and estimates. For more detail on our critical accounting policies, refer to Note 2 to the financial statements appearing elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Revenue Recognition

We follow Accounting Standards Codification Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASC 606”). Under ASC 606, we recognize revenue when our customer obtains control of promised goods or services, in an amount that reflects the consideration which we expect to receive in exchange for those goods or services. To determine revenue recognition for arrangements that we determine are within the scope of ASC 606, we perform the following five steps: (i) identify the contract(s) with a customer; (ii) identify the performance obligations in the contract; (iii) determine the transaction price; (iv) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and (v) recognize revenue when (or as) we satisfy a performance obligation.

We apply the five-step model to contracts when (1) parties have approved the contract and are committed to performing respective obligations, (2) we can identify each party’s rights regarding the goods or services to be transferred, (3) we can identify the payment terms for the goods or services to be transferred, (4) the contract has commercial substance, and (5) it is probable that we will collect the consideration we are entitled to in exchange for the goods or services we transfer to the customer. At contract inception, we assess the goods or services promised within each contract and determine the performance obligations by assessing whether each promised good or service is distinct. Goods or services that are not distinct are bundled with other goods or services in the contract until a bundle of goods or services that is distinct is created. We then recognize as revenue the amount of the transaction price that is allocated to the respective performance obligations when (or as) the performance obligations are satisfied. We constrain our estimate of the transaction price up to the amount (the “variable consideration constraint”) that a significant reversal of recognized revenue is not probable.

Licenses of intellectual property: If a license to our intellectual property is determined to be distinct from the other promised goods or services identified in an arrangement, we recognize revenue from non-refundable, upfront fees allocated to the license at the point in time when the license is transferred to the customer and the customer is able to use and benefit from the license. For licenses that are bundled with other goods or services, we utilize judgment to assess the nature of the combined performance obligation to determine whether the combined performance obligation is satisfied over time or at a point in time and, if over time, the appropriate method of measuring progress toward satisfying the performance obligation for purposes of recognizing revenue from non-refundable, upfront fees. We evaluate the measure of progress each reporting period and, if necessary, adjusts the measure of progress and related revenue recognition.

Customer options for additional goods or services: If a contract contains customer options that allow the customer to acquire additional goods or services, including a license to our intellectual property, the goods and services underlying the customer options are evaluated to determine whether they are deemed to represent a material right. In determining whether the customer option has a material right, we assess whether there is an option to acquire additional goods or services at a discount. If the customer option is determined not to represent a material right, the option is not considered to be a performance obligation. If the customer option is determined to represent a material right, the material right is recognized as a separate performance obligation. We allocate the transaction price to material rights based on the relative standalone selling price, which is determined based on the identified discount and the probability that the customer will exercise the option. Amounts allocated to a material right are not recognized as revenue until the option is exercised.

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Milestone payments: At the inception of each arrangement or amendment that includes development, regulatory or commercial milestone payments, we evaluate whether the milestones are considered probable of being reached and estimates the amount to be included in the transaction price. ASC 606 prescribes two methods to use when estimating the amount of variable consideration: the expected value method and the most likely amount method. Under the expected value method, an entity considers the sum of probability-weighted amounts in a range of possible consideration amounts. Under the most likely amount method, an entity considers the single most likely amount in a range of possible consideration amounts. Whichever method is used, it should be consistently applied throughout the life of the contract; however, it is not necessary for us to use the same approach for all contracts. If it is probable that a significant revenue reversal would not occur when the uncertainty associated with the milestone is resolved, the associated milestone value is included in the transaction price. Milestone payments that are highly susceptible to factors outside our influence, such as regulatory approvals, are not considered probable of being achieved until those approvals are received. If there is more than one performance obligation, the transaction price is then allocated to each performance obligation on a relative stand-alone selling price basis. We recognize revenue as or when the performance obligations under the contract are satisfied. At the end of each subsequent reporting period, we re-evaluate the probability or achievement of each milestone and any related constraint, and if necessary, adjusts our estimates of the overall transaction price. Any such adjustments are recorded on a cumulative catch-up basis, which would affect revenues and earnings in the period of adjustment.

Royalties: For arrangements that include sales-based royalties, including milestone payments based on the level of sales, and the license deemed to be the predominant item to which the royalties relate, we recognize revenue at the later of (i) when the related sales occur, or (ii) when the performance obligation to which some or all of the royalty has been allocated has been satisfied (or partially satisfied).

Upfront payments and fees are recorded as contract liabilities upon receipt or when due and may require deferral of revenue recognition to a future period until we perform our obligations under these arrangements. Amounts payable to us are recorded as accounts receivable when our right to consideration is unconditional. We do not assess whether a contract has a significant financing component if the expectation at contract inception is such that the period between payment by the customer and the transfer of the promised goods or services to the customer will be one year or less.

Contractual cost sharing payments received from a customer or collaboration partner are accounted for as variable consideration. We include an expected value in the transaction price. Contractual cost sharing payments made to a customer or collaboration partner are accounted for as a reduction to the transaction price if such payments are not related to distinct goods or services received from the customer or collaboration partner.

Contracts may be amended to account for changes in contract specifications and requirements. Contract modifications exist when the amendment either creates new, or changes existing, enforceable rights and obligations. When contract modifications create new performance obligations and the increase in consideration approximates the standalone selling price for goods and services related to such new performance obligations as adjusted for specific facts and circumstances of the contract, the modification is accounted for as a separate contract. If a contract modification is not accounted for as a separate contract, we account for the promised goods or services not yet transferred at the date of the contract modification (the remaining promised goods or services) prospectively, as if it were a termination of the existing contract and the creation of a new contract, if the remaining goods or services are distinct from the goods or services transferred on or before the date of the contract modification. We account for a contract modification as if it were a part of the existing contract if the remaining goods or services are not distinct and, therefore, form part of a single performance obligation that is partially satisfied at the date of the contract modification. In such case the effect that the contract modification has on the transaction price, and on the entity’s measure of progress toward complete satisfaction of the performance obligation, is recognized as an adjustment to revenue (either as an increase in or a reduction of revenue) at the date of the contract modification (the adjustment to revenue is made on a cumulative catch-up basis).

Upfront payment contract liabilities resulting from our license and collaboration agreements do not represent a financing component as the payment is not financing the transfer of goods and services, and the technology underlying the licenses granted reflects research and development expenses already incurred by us. As such, we do not adjust our revenues for the effects of a significant financing component.

99

Determination of the estimate of standalone selling price (“SSP”)

Prior to entering into the GSK Collaboration Agreement, we have never entered into a similar collaboration agreement nor have ever recognized any revenue, and the SSP of performance obligations identified in the GSK Collaboration Agreement is not directly observable. Accordingly, we developed an estimate of the SSP of each performance obligation based on the information known to us on the Effective Date and on input from an independent third-party valuation firm.

We applied the income approach as a primary methodology to determine the SSP of each performance obligation. Specifically, based on our early stage of development and other relevant factors, we determined to use the following methodologies:

(4) The Option – risk-adjusted net present value analysis;

The assumptions used to determine the SSP of each performance obligation are based on numerous objective and subjective factors, combined with management judgment, including:

• projected preclinical and clinical research and development expenses;

• projected cash flow during development and commercialization periods;

• discount rates based on cost of capital;

• the probability of exercise of the Option; and,

• the projected manufacturing cost and overhead expense for IDE 397.

We considered reasonably available data points, market conditions and entity-specific factors in estimating the SSP of performance obligations. However, some of these assumptions are specific to us and are not directly observable. We also applied our own judgment as management in determining these assumptions. Accordingly, these assumptions are subject to uncertainty, and changing methodology and/or assumption could materially impact the estimate of the SSP of performance obligations, and as a result, an amount of subsequent revenue recognition and/or its timing.

Determination of the timing of satisfaction of performance obligations

We recognize revenue from the MAT2A R&D Services, Pol Theta R&D Services and WRN R&D Services over time, as GSK simultaneously receives and consumes the benefits provided by our performance as we perform. We measure our progress toward complete satisfaction of the MAT2A R&D Services, Pol Theta R&D Services and WRN R&D Services based on the costs incurred as a percentage of the estimated total costs to be incurred to complete the performance obligations.

The estimated total costs to be incurred to complete the MAT2A R&D Services, Pol Theta R&D Services and WRN R&D Services may evolve and be updated throughout the performance period with the consultation with GSK through the joint development committee. Also, the expected timing of completing the MAT2A R&D Services, Pol Theta R&D Services and WRN R&D Services may be updated. The change in the estimated total costs and/or the timing of completion may materially impact an amount of subsequent revenue recognition and/or its timing.

100

Indemnification Agreements

We enter into standard indemnification arrangements in the ordinary course of business with vendors, clinical trial sites and other parties. Pursuant to these arrangements, we indemnify, hold harmless and agree to reimburse the indemnified parties for losses suffered or incurred by the indemnified party. The term of these indemnification agreements is generally perpetual any time after the execution of the agreement. The maximum potential amount of future payments we could be required to make under these arrangements is not determinable. We have never incurred costs to defend lawsuits or settle claims related to these indemnification agreements. As a result, we believe the fair value of these agreements is not material.

JOBS Act Accounting Election

The Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012, or the JOBS Act, permits an “emerging growth company” such as us to take advantage of an extended transition period to comply with new or revised accounting standards applicable to public companies. However, we have chosen to irrevocably “opt out” of such extended transition period, and as a result, we will comply with new or revised accounting standards on the relevant dates on which adoption of such standards is required for non-emerging growth companies.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

See the section titled “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies—Recent Accounting Pronouncements” in Note 2 to our financial statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional information.

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Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.

Interest Rate Sensitivity

The market risk inherent in our financial instruments and in our financial position represents the potential loss arising from adverse changes in interest rates or exchange rates. As of December 31, 2020, we had cash equivalents and marketable securities of $283.6 million, consisting of interest-bearing money market funds, investments in U.S. government securities, commercial paper, and corporate bonds, for which the fair value would be affected by changes in the general level of U.S. interest rates. However, due to the low-risk profile of our cash equivalents and marketable securities, an immediate 10% change in interest rates would not have a material effect on the fair value of our cash equivalents and marketable securities.

We do not believe that inflation, interest rate changes or exchange rate fluctuations have had a significant impact on our results of operations for any periods presented herein.

Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

The financial statements required to be filed pursuant to this Item 8 are appended to this report. An index of those financial statements is found in Item 15 of Part IV of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure.

None.

102

Item 9A. Controls and Procedures

Management’s Evaluation of our Disclosure Controls and Procedures

We maintain “disclosure controls and procedures,” as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act, that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is (1) recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and forms and (2) accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executive and principal financial and accounting officers, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Our management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives and our management necessarily applies its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures. Our disclosure controls and procedures are designed to provide reasonable assurance of achieving their control objectives.

Our management, with the participation of our principal executive officer and principal financial and accounting officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures at the end of the period covered by this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Based upon such evaluation, our principal executive officer and principal financial and accounting officer have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective at the reasonable assurance level as of such date.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

There were no changes in the Company's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the quarterly period ended December 31, 2020 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially effect, the Company's internal control over financial reporting.

Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act). Under the supervision of and with the participation of our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, our management assessed the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2020 based on the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission in “Internal Control—Integrated Framework” (2013). Based on this assessment, management concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2020.

This Annual Report on Form 10-K does not include an attestation report of our independent registered public accounting firm on our internal control over financial reporting due to an exemption established by the JOBS Act for “emerging growth companies.”

Item 9B. Other Information

None.

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Part III

Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance.

The information required by this item will be contained in our definitive proxy statement to be filed with the SEC in connection with the Annual Meeting of Stockholders within 120 days after December 31, 2020, or the Proxy Statement, and is incorporated in this Annual Report on Form 10-K by reference.

Item 11. Executive Compensation.

The information required by this item will be contained in the Proxy Statement and is incorporated in this Annual Report on Form 10-K by reference.

Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters.

The information required by this item will be contained in the Proxy Statement and is incorporated in this Annual Report on Form 10-K by reference.

Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence.

The information required by this item will be contained in the Proxy Statement and is incorporated in this Annual Report on Form 10-K by reference.

Item 14. Principal Accounting Fees and Services.

The information required by this item will be contained in the Proxy Statement and is incorporated in this Annual Report on Form 10-K by reference.

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Part IV

Item 15. Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules.

(a) The following documents are filed as part of this report:

(1) FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

The following documents are included on pages F-1 through F-27 attached hereto and are filed as part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm F-2

Audited Financial Statements:

Balance Sheets F-3

Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income F-4

Statements of Cash Flows F-6

Notes to Financial Statements F-7

(2) FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES

All schedules to the financial statements are omitted as the required information is either inapplicable or presented in the financial statements.

(3) EXHIBITS

The exhibits listed in the accompanying Exhibit Index are filed as part of, or incorporated by reference into, this report.

105

Exhibit Index

(a) Exhibits.

Exhibit Number Exhibit Description Incorporated by Reference Filed Herewith

Form Date Number

3.1 Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation. 8-K 5/28/2019 3.1

4.1 Reference is made to Exhibits 3.1 through 3.2.

4.3 Description of Common Stock. X

106

23.1 Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm. X

107

101.INS XBRL Instance Document X

101.SCH XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document X

101.CAL XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document X

101.DEF XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document X

101.LAB XBRL Taxonomy Extension Labels Linkbase Document X

101.PRE XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document X

# Indicates management contract or compensatory plan.

Item 16. Form 10-K Summary.

None.

108

INDEX TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Page

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm F-2

Balance Sheets F-3

Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss F-4

Statements of Cash Flows F-6

Notes to Financial Statements F-7

F-1

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

To the Board of Directors and Stockholders of IDEAYA Biosciences, Inc.

Opinion on the Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying balance sheets of IDEAYA Biosciences, Inc. (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, and the related statements of operations and comprehensive loss, of redeemable convertible preferred stock and stockholders’ equity (deficit) and of cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2020, including the related notes (collectively referred to as the “financial statements”). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2020 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

Change in Accounting Principle

As discussed in Note 2 to the financial statements, the Company changed the manner in which it accounts for leases in 2019.

Basis for Opinion

These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits of these financial statements in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.

Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

/s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP

San Jose, California

March 23, 2021

We have served as the Company's auditor since 2017.

F-2

IDEAYA Biosciences, Inc.

Balance Sheets

(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)

December 31,

Assets

Current assets

Accounts receivable 1,877 —

Prepaid expenses and other current assets 3,143 2,698

Long-term marketable securities — 1,526

Other non-current assets 82 16

Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity

Current liabilities

Contract liability 27,613 —

Operating lease liabilities, current 1,540 1,145

Other current liabilities 18 63

Long-term contract liability 56,160 —

Long-term operating lease liabilities 5,183 5,627

Other non-current liabilities 12 34

Commitments and contingencies (Note 6)

Stockholders’ equity

Accumulated other comprehensive income 7 65

Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity $ 298,269 $ 113,001

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.

F-3

IDEAYA Biosciences, Inc.

Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss

(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)

Year Ended December 31,

Collaboration revenue $ 19,538 $ — $ —

Operating expenses

Interest income and other income (expense), net 849 2,296 2,071

Change in unrealized (losses) gains on marketable securities (58 ) 96 (30 )

Net loss per common share, basic and diluted $ (1.40 ) $ (3.36 ) $ (35.92 )

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.

F-4

IDEAYA Biosciences, Inc.

Statements of Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock and Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit)

(in thousands, except share amounts)

Accumulated Total

Redeemable Convertible Additional Other Stockholders'

Preferred Stock Common Stock Paid-In Comprehensive Accumulated Equity

Shares Amount Shares Amount Capital Income (Loss) Deficit (Deficit)

Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options — — 19,591 — 28 — — 28

Early exercised common stock options — — 70,583 — — — — —

Repurchase of early exercised shares (17,900 ) — — — — —

Stock-based compensation — — — — 950 — — 950

Other comprehensive loss — — — — — (30 ) — (30 )

Early exercised common stock options — — 2,112 — — —

Repurchase of early exercised shares — — (23,698 ) — — — — —

Stock-based compensation — — — — 2,168 — — 2,168

Other comprehensive income — — — — — 96 — 96

Employee stock purchase plan (ESPP) purchase — — 40,794 — 326 — — 326

Repurchase of early exercised shares — — (10,518 ) — — — — —

Vesting of early exercised common stock options — — — — 56 — — 56

Stock-based compensation — — — — 3,609 — — 3,609

Other comprehensive loss — — — — — (58 ) — (58 )

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.

F-5

IDEAYA Biosciences, Inc.

Statements of Cash Flows

(in thousands)

Year Ended December 31,

Cash flows from operating activities

Landlord contributions for leasehold improvements — — 367

Loss (gain) on sale of property and equipment 2 14 (54 )

Gain on sale of marketable securities (18 ) (8 ) (11 )

Changes in assets and liabilities

Accounts receivable (1,877 ) — —

Prepaid expenses and other assets (510 ) (1,963 ) (243 )

Contract liabilities 83,773 — —

Deferred rent — — (97 )

Lease liabilities (49 ) (1,249 ) —

Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities 55,463 (39,313 ) (27,620 )

Cash flows from investing activities

Purchases of property and equipment, net (493 ) (1,353 ) (1,708 )

Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities (146,243 ) 2,265 (63,179 )

Cash flows from financing activities

Proceeds from exercise of common stock options, net of repurchases 1,190 289 91

Proceeds from ESPP purchases 326 — —

Payments of deferred offering costs — — (71 )

Net increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash 37,970 13,562 14,579

Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash

Reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash

Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:

Cash paid for income taxes $ 1 $ 1 $ 1

Cash paid for interest $ 82 $ 91 $ 99

Supplemental non-cash investing and financing activities:

Unpaid deferred offering costs $ — $ — $ 499

Vesting of early exercised options and restricted stock $ 56 $ 114 $ 189

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.

F-6

IDEAYA Biosciences, Inc.

Notes to Financial Statements

1. Organization

Description of the Business

IDEAYA Biosciences, Inc. (the “Company”) is a synthetic lethality-focused precision medicine oncology company committed to the discovery and development of targeted therapeutics for patient populations selected using molecular diagnostics. The Company is headquartered in South San Francisco, California and was incorporated in the State of Delaware in June 2015. To date, the Company has been primarily engaged in business planning, research, development, recruiting and raising capital.

Initial Public Offering

On May 22, 2019, the Company’s registration statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-231081) relating to its initial public offering (“IPO”) of common stock became effective. The IPO closed on May 28, 2019 at which time the Company issued 5,750,000 shares of its common stock at a price of $10.00 per share, which included shares issued upon the underwriters’ exercise of their overallotment option to purchase 750,000 additional shares. In addition, upon closing the IPO, all outstanding shares of the redeemable convertible preferred stock converted into 13,139,794 shares of common stock. The Company received an aggregate of $50.2 million in cash, net of underwriting discounts and commissions of $4.0 million, and after deducting offering costs of $3.3 million.

Follow-On Offering

On June 22, 2020, the Company completed an underwritten public offering and sold and issued 6,666,667 shares of common stock at a price to the public of $15.00 per share for gross proceeds of $100.0 million. On July 22, 2020, the Company sold and issued an additional 500,000 shares of common stock upon the exercise of the overallotment option by the underwriters for gross proceeds of $7.5 million. The aggregate net proceeds to the Company were $100.7 million after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and other offering costs.

Private Placement

The Company entered into a stock purchase agreement with Glaxo Group Limited, or GGL, on June 17, 2020, pursuant to which, on August 3, 2020, the Company sold 1,333,333 shares at a price of $15.00 per shares to GGL for net proceeds of $20.0 million in a private placement.

At-the-Market Offering

On June 1, 2020, the Company entered into an open market sale agreement with Jefferies LLC (“Jefferies”), pursuant to which the Company may offer and sell shares of its common stock with an aggregate offering price of up to $50.0 million under an “at the market” offering program (the “ATM Offering”). For the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company sold an aggregate of 410,896 shares for net proceeds of $6.6 million after deducting sales commission and other expenses.

From January 2021 through March 22, 2021, the Company additionally sold an aggregate of 2,709,385 shares for gross proceeds of $43.3 million in the ATM Offering.

Liquidity

The Company has incurred significant losses and negative cash flows from operations in all periods since inception and had an accumulated deficit of $127.0 million as of December 31, 2020. The Company has historically financed its operations primarily through the sale of convertible notes, redeemable convertible preferred stock and common stock, and payments received from its collaboration arrangement. To date, none of the Company’s product candidates have been approved for sale, and the Company has not generated any revenue from commercial products since inception. Management expects operating losses to continue and increase for the foreseeable future, as the Company progresses into clinical development activities for its lead product candidates. The Company’s prospects are subject to risks, expenses and uncertainties frequently encountered by companies in the biotechnology industry as discussed under Risks and Uncertainties in Note 2. While the Company has been able to raise multiple rounds of financing, there can be no assurance that in the event the Company requires additional financing, such financing will be available on terms which are favorable or at all. Failure to generate sufficient cash flows from operations, raise additional capital or reduce certain discretionary spending would have a material adverse effect on the Company’s ability to achieve its intended business objectives.

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As of December 31, 2020, the Company had cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities of $283.6 million.Management believes that the Company’s current cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities will be sufficient to fund its planned operations for at least 12 months from the date of the issuance of these financial statements.

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation

The financial statements and accompanying notes have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”).

Reverse Stock Split

In May 2019, the Company’s board of directors approved a 1-for-10.2564 reverse stock split of the Company’s common stock and redeemable convertible preferred stock, which was effected on May 21, 2019. The par value and authorized shares of the common stock and redeemable convertible preferred stock were not adjusted as a result of the reverse stock split. All issued and outstanding common stock, options to purchase common stock and per share amounts contained in these financial statements have been retroactively adjusted to give effect to the reverse stock split for all periods presented.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Such estimates include useful lives of property and equipment, determination of the discount rate for operating leases, accruals for research and development activities, revenue recognition, stock-based compensation, and income taxes. On an ongoing basis, management reviews these estimates and assumptions. Changes in facts and circumstances may alter such estimates and actual results could differ from those estimates.

Segments

The Company operates and manages its business as one operating and reportable segment, which is the business of research and development for oncology-focused precision medicine. The Company’s chief executive officer, who is the chief operating decision maker, reviews financial information on an aggregate basis for purposes of allocating resources and evaluating financial performance. All of the Company's long-lived assets are located in the United States.

Risks and Uncertainties

The Company operates in a dynamic and highly competitive industry and is subject to risks and uncertainties common to early-stage companies in the biotechnology industry, including, but not limited to, development by competitors of new technological innovations, protection of proprietary technology, dependence on key personnel, contract manufacturer, contract research organizations and collaboration partners, compliance with government regulations and the need to obtain additional financing to fund operations. Product candidates currently under development will require significant additional research and development efforts, including extensive preclinical studies and clinical trials and regulatory approval, prior to commercialization. These efforts require significant amounts of additional capital, adequate personnel infrastructure and extensive compliance and reporting. The Company believes that changes in any of the following areas could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s future financial position, results of operations, or cash flows: ability to obtain future financing; advances and trends in new technologies and industry standards; results of clinical trials and collaboration activities; regulatory approval and market acceptance of the Company’s products; development of sales channels; certain strategic relationships; litigation or claims against the Company based on intellectual property, patent, product, regulatory, or other factors; and the Company’s ability to attract and retain employees necessary to support its growth.

Products developed by the Company require approvals from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”) or other international regulatory agencies prior to commercial sales. There can be no assurance that the Company’s research and development will be successfully completed, that adequate protection for the Company’s intellectual property will be obtained or maintained, that the products will receive the necessary approvals, or that any approved products will be commercially viable. If the Company was denied approval, approval was delayed or the Company was unable to maintain approval, it could have a materially adverse impact on the Company. Even if the Company’s product development efforts are successful, it is uncertain when, if ever, the Company will generate revenue from product sales. The Company operates in an environment of rapid change in technology and substantial competition from other pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies. In addition, the Company is dependent upon the services of its employees, consultants and other third parties.

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Beginning in late 2019, the outbreak of a novel strain of virus named SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2), or coronavirus, which causes coronavirus disease 2019, or COVID-19, has evolved into a global pandemic. The extent of the impact of the coronavirus outbreak on the Company’s business will depend on certain developments, including the duration and spread of the outbreak and the extent and severity of the impact on the Company’s clinical trial activities, research activities and suppliers, all of which are uncertain and cannot be predicted. At this point, the extent to which the coronavirus outbreak may materially impact the Company’s financial condition, liquidity or results of operations is uncertain.

The Company has expended and will continue to expend substantial funds to complete the research, development and clinical testing of product candidates. The Company also will be required to expend additional funds to establish commercial-scale manufacturing arrangements and to provide for the marketing and distribution of products that receive regulatory approval. The Company may require additional funds to commercialize its products. The Company is unable to entirely fund these efforts with its current financial resources. If adequate funds are unavailable on a timely basis from operations or additional sources of financing, the Company may have to delay, reduce the scope of or eliminate one or more of its research or development programs which would materially and adversely affect its business, financial condition and operations.

Concentration of Credit Risk

Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to a concentration of credit risk consist of cash, cash equivalents, marketable securities and accounts receivable. Substantially all the Company’s cash is held by one financial institution that management believes is of high credit quality. Such deposits may, at times, exceed federally insured limits.

The Company’s investment policy addresses credit ratings, diversification, and maturity dates. The Company invests its cash equivalents and marketable securities in money market funds, U.S. government securities, commercial paper, and corporate bonds. The Company limits its credit risk associated with cash equivalents and marketable securities by placing them with banks and institutions it believes are highly creditworthy and in highly rated investments and, by policy, limits the amount of credit exposure with any one commercial issuer. The Company has not experienced any credit losses on its deposits of cash, cash equivalents or marketable securities.

Accounts receivable represents amounts due from GlaxoSmithKline. The Company monitors economic conditions to identify facts or circumstances that may indicate that any of its accounts receivable are at risk of collection.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash equivalents that are readily convertible to cash are stated at cost, which approximates fair value. The Company considers all highly liquid investments purchased with an original or remaining maturity of three months or less at the date of purchase to be cash equivalents.

Restricted Cash

Restricted cash as of December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 consisted of cash balances held as security in connection with the Company’s facility lease agreement in South San Francisco, California. The balances are classified as long-term assets on the Company’s balance sheet.

Marketable Securities

Marketable securities are investments in marketable securities with maturities greater than three months at the time of purchase. The Company determines the appropriate classification of its investments in marketable securities at the time of purchase and reevaluates such designation at each balance sheet date. The Company has classified and accounted for its marketable securities as available-for-sale. After consideration of the Company’s risk versus reward objectives and liquidity requirements, the Company may sell these securities prior to their stated maturities. The Company classifies highly liquid securities with maturities beyond 12 months as long-term marketable securities in the balance sheet. These securities are carried at fair value as determined based upon quoted market prices or pricing models for similar securities. Unrealized gains and losses, if any, are excluded from earnings and are reported as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). The amortized cost of debt securities is adjusted for amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts to maturity, which is included in interest income on the statements of operations and comprehensive loss. Realized gains and losses, if any, on available-for-sale securities are included in other income (expense), net. The cost of securities sold is based on the specific identification method. Interest and dividends on securities classified as available-for-sale are included in interest income. The Company did not identify any of its marketable securities as other-than-temporarily impaired as of December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019.

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Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The carrying amounts of the Company’s certain financial instruments, including cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued liabilities approximate fair value due to their relatively short maturities and market interest rates if applicable. Refer to Note 3 for details on the fair value of marketable securities.

Property and Equipment, Net

Property and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets, which is generally between three and five years. Leasehold improvements are stated at cost and amortized over the shorter of the useful lives of the assets or the lease term. Maintenance and repairs are charged to expense as incurred. When assets are retired or otherwise disposed of, the cost and accumulated depreciation are removed from the balance sheet and any resulting gain or loss is reflected in the statements of operations and comprehensive loss in the period realized.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

The Company reviews property and equipment for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset or asset group may not be recoverable. Recoverability is measured by comparison of the carrying amount of the asset or asset group to the future net cash flows which the asset or asset group is expected to generate. If such asset or asset group is considered to be impaired, the impairment to be recognized is measured by the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset or asset group exceeds the fair value of the asset or asset group. There have been no such impairments of long-lived assets for the years ended December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019.

Leases

Upon adoption of ASC 842, Leases on January 1, 2019, the Company determined if any arrangement is a lease, or contains a lease, at inception. Operating leases are included in right-of-use (“ROU”) assets, lease liabilities, and long-term lease liabilities on the Company’s balance sheet.

The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease, or contains a lease, at inception. Operating leases are included in right-of-use (“ROU”) assets, lease liabilities, and long-term lease liabilities on the Company’s balance sheet.

ROU assets and lease liabilities are recognized based on the present value of the future lease payments over the lease term at commencement date. As most of the Company’s leases do not provide an implicit rate, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at commencement date in determining the present value of future payments. The ROU asset also includes any lease payments made to the lessor at or before the commencement date, minus lease incentives received, and initial direct costs incurred. The Company’s lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise that option. Lease expense for lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. The Company combines lease and nonlease components.

Revenue Recognition

The Company follows Accounting Standards Codification Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASC 606”). Under ASC 606, the Company recognizes revenue when its customer obtains control of promised goods or services, in an amount that reflects the consideration which the Company expects to receive in exchange for those goods or services. To determine revenue recognition for arrangements that the Company determines are within the scope of ASC 606, the Company performs the following five steps: (i) identify the contract(s) with a customer; (ii) identify the performance obligations in the contract; (iii) determine the transaction price; (iv) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and (v) recognize revenue when (or as) the Company satisfies a performance obligation.

The Company applies the five-step model to contracts when (1) parties have approved the contract and are committed to performing respective obligations, (2) the Company can identify each party’s rights regarding the goods or services to be transferred, (3) the Company can identify the payment terms for the goods or services to be transferred, (4) the contract has commercial substance, and (5) it is probable that the Company will collect the consideration it is entitled to in exchange for the goods or services it transfers to the customer. At contract inception, the Company assesses the goods or services promised within each contract and determines the performance obligations by assessing whether each promised good or service is distinct. Goods or services that are not distinct are bundled with other goods or services in the contract until a bundle of goods or services that is distinct is created. The Company then recognizes as revenue the amount of the transaction price that

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is allocated to the respective performance obligations when (or as) the performance obligations are satisfied. The Company constrains its estimate of the transaction price up to the amount (the “variable consideration constraint”) that a significant reversal of recognized revenue is not probable.

Licenses of intellectual property: If a license to the Company’s intellectual property is determined to be distinct from the other promised goods or services identified in an arrangement, the Company recognizes revenue from non-refundable, upfront fees allocated to the license at the point in time when the license is transferred to the customer and the customer is able to use and benefit from the license. For licenses that are bundled with other goods or services, the Company applies judgment to assess the nature of the combined performance obligation to determine whether the combined performance obligation is satisfied over time or at a point in time and, if over time, the appropriate method of measuring progress toward satisfying the performance obligation for purposes of recognizing revenue from non-refundable, upfront fees. The Company evaluates the measure of progress each reporting period and, if necessary, adjusts the measure of progress and related revenue recognition.

Customer options for additional goods or services: If a contract contains customer options that allow the customer to acquire additional goods or services, including a license to the Company’s intellectual property, the goods and services underlying the customer options are evaluated to determine whether they are deemed to represent a material right. In determining whether the customer option has a material right, the Company assesses whether there is an option to acquire additional goods or services at a discount. If the customer option is determined not to represent a material right, the option is not considered to be a performance obligation. If the customer option is determined to represent a material right, the material right is recognized as a separate performance obligation. The Company allocates the transaction price to material rights based on the relative standalone selling price, which is determined based on the identified discount and the probability that the customer will exercise the option. Amounts allocated to a material right are not recognized as revenue until the option is exercised.

Milestone payments: At the inception of each arrangement or amendment that includes development, regulatory or commercial milestone payments, the Company evaluates whether the milestones are considered probable of being reached and estimates the amount to be included in the transaction price. ASC 606 prescribes two methods to use when estimating the amount of variable consideration: the expected value method and the most likely amount method. Under the expected value method, an entity considers the sum of probability-weighted amounts in a range of possible consideration amounts. Under the most likely amount method, an entity considers the single most likely amount in a range of possible consideration amounts. Whichever method is used, it should be consistently applied throughout the life of the contract; however, it is not necessary for the Company to use the same approach for all contracts. If it is probable that a significant revenue reversal would not occur when the uncertainty associated with the milestone is resolved, the associated milestone value is included in the transaction price. Milestone payments that are highly susceptible to factors outside the Company’s influence, such as regulatory approvals, are not considered probable of being achieved until those approvals are received. If there is more than one performance obligation, the transaction price is then allocated to each performance obligation on a relative stand-alone selling price basis. The Company recognizes revenue as or when the performance obligations under the contract are satisfied. At the end of each subsequent reporting period, the Company re-evaluates the probability or achievement of each milestone and any related constraint, and if necessary, adjusts its estimates of the overall transaction price. Any such adjustments are recorded on a cumulative catch-up basis, which would affect revenues and earnings in the period of adjustment.

Royalties: For arrangements that include sales-based royalties, including milestone payments based on the level of sales, and the license deemed to be the predominant item to which the royalties relate, the Company recognizes revenue at the later of (i) when the related sales occur, or (ii) when the performance obligation to which some or all of the royalty has been allocated has been satisfied (or partially satisfied).

Upfront payments and fees are recorded as contract liabilities upon receipt or when due and may require deferral of revenue recognition to a future period until the Company performs its obligations under these arrangements. Amounts payable to the Company are recorded as accounts receivable when the Company’s right to consideration is unconditional. The Company does not assess whether a contract has a significant financing component if the expectation at contract inception is such that the period between payment by the customer and the transfer of the promised goods or services to the customer will be one year or less.

Contractual cost sharing payments received from a customer or collaboration partner are accounted for as variable consideration. The Company includes an expected value in the transaction price. Contractual cost sharing payments made to a

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customer or collaboration partner are accounted for as a reduction to the transaction price if such payments are not related to distinct goods or services received from the customer or collaboration partner.

Contracts may be amended to account for changes in contract specifications and requirements. Contract modifications exist when the amendment either creates new, or changes existing, enforceable rights and obligations. When contract modifications create new performance obligations and the increase in consideration approximates the standalone selling price for goods and services related to such new performance obligations as adjusted for specific facts and circumstances of the contract, the modification is accounted for as a separate contract. If a contract modification is not accounted for as a separate contract, the Company accounts for the promised goods or services not yet transferred at the date of the contract modification (the remaining promised goods or services) prospectively, as if it were a termination of the existing contract and the creation of a new contract, if the remaining goods or services are distinct from the goods or services transferred on or before the date of the contract modification. The Company accounts for a contract modification as if it were a part of the existing contract if the remaining goods or services are not distinct and, therefore, form part of a single performance obligation that is partially satisfied at the date of the contract modification. In such case the effect that the contract modification has on the transaction price, and on the entity’s measure of progress toward complete satisfaction of the performance obligation, is recognized as an adjustment to revenue (either as an increase in or a reduction of revenue) at the date of the contract modification (the adjustment to revenue is made on a cumulative catch-up basis).

Upfront payment contract liabilities resulting from the Company’s license and collaboration agreements do not represent a financing component as the payment is not financing the transfer of goods and services, and the technology underlying the licenses granted reflects research and development expenses already incurred by the Company. As such, the Company does not adjust its revenues for the effects of a significant financing component.

Research and Development Expenses

Research and development expenses consist of compensation costs, employee benefit costs, costs for contract manufacturing organizations (“CMOs”), costs for contract research organizations (“CROs”), costs for sponsored research, consulting costs, costs for laboratory supplies, costs for product licenses, facility-related expenses and depreciation. All research and development costs are charged to research and development expenses within the statements of operations and comprehensive loss as incurred. Payments associated with licensing agreements to acquire exclusive licenses to develop, use, manufacture and commercialize products that have not reached technological feasibility and do not have alternate commercial use are also expensed as incurred. Payments made to third parties under these arrangements in advance of the performance of the related services by the third parties are recorded as prepaid expenses until the services are rendered.

Accrued Research and Development

The Company has entered into various agreements with CMOs and CROs. The Company’s research and development accruals are estimated based on the level of services performed, progress of the studies, including the phase or completion of events, and contracted costs. The estimated costs of research and development provided, but not yet invoiced, are included in accrued liabilities on the balance sheet. If the actual timing of the performance of services or the level of effort varies from the original estimates, the Company will adjust the accrual accordingly. Payments made to CMOs and CROs under these arrangements in advance of the performance of the related services are recorded as prepaid expenses and other current assets until the services are rendered.

Stock-Based Compensation

The Company accounts for stock-based compensation arrangements with employees in accordance with ASC 718, Stock Compensation. The Company accounts for stock-based compensation arrangements using a fair value method which requires the recognition of compensation expense related to all stock-based awards. The fair value method requires the Company to estimate the fair value of stock option awards on the date of grant using an option pricing model. The Company uses the Black-Scholes option pricing model to determine the fair value of options granted, which is expensed on a straight-line basis over the vesting period. Generally, the stock options the Company has granted to its employees have a 10 year term and vest over a 4-year period with 1-year cliff vesting.

For the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company accounted for stock options issued to non-employees based on the estimated fair value of the awards using the Black-Scholes option pricing model in accordance with ASC 505-50, Equity-Based Payment to Non-employees. Stock-based compensation expense related to stock options granted to non-employees was recognized as the stock options vested. The Company believes that the fair value of the stock options is more reliably measurable than the fair value of the services received. Stock options granted to non-employees were recorded at their fair

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value on the measurement date and were subject to periodic adjustments as such options vested and at the end of each reporting period, and the resulting change in value, if any, was recognized in the Company’s statements of operations and comprehensive loss during the period the related services were rendered.

Upon adoption of ASU 2018-07, Compensation–Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Non-employee Share–Based Payment Accounting, as described below under Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements, starting January 1, 2019, the Company accounts for stock options issued to non-employees in accordance with ASC 718, Stock Compensation. The fair value method requires the Company to estimate the fair value of stock-based awards on the date of grant using an option pricing model. The Company uses the Black-Scholes option pricing model to determine the fair value of options granted, which is expensed on a straight-line basis over the vesting period.

Income Taxes

The Company accounts for income taxes using the asset and liability method whereby deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on differences between financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities and are measured using the enacted tax rates and laws that are currently in effect unless such rate is expected to be different when the deferred item reverses. Valuation allowances are established where necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to the amounts expected to be realized. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are classified as noncurrent on the balance sheet.

The Company recognizes the effect of income tax positions only if those positions are more likely than not of being sustained. Recognized income tax positions are measured at the largest amount that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized. Changes in recognition or measurement are reflected in the period in which the change in judgment occurs. The Company records interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits in interest expense and other expense, respectively.

Comprehensive Loss

Comprehensive loss represents all changes in stockholders’ equity (deficit) except those resulting from and distributions to stockholders.

Net Loss per Share Attributable to Common Stockholders

Basic net loss per common share is calculated by dividing the net loss attributable to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of common stock outstanding during the period, without consideration of potentially dilutive securities. Diluted net loss per share is computed by dividing the net loss attributable to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of common stock and potentially dilutive securities outstanding for the period. For purposes of the diluted net loss per share calculation, redeemable convertible preferred stock, stock options and restricted stock that is subject to repurchase at the original purchase price are considered to be potentially dilutive securities. Basic and diluted net loss attributable to common stockholders per share is presented in conformity with the two-class method required for participating securities. The Company considers the shares issued upon the early exercise of stock options subject to repurchase to be participating securities, because holders of such shares have non-forfeitable dividend rights in the event a dividend is paid on common stock. The holders of early exercised shares subject to repurchase do not have a contractual obligation to share in the Company’s losses. As such, the net loss was attributed entirely to common stockholders. Because the Company has reported a net loss for all periods presented, diluted net loss per common share is the same as basic net loss per common share for those periods.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

From time to time, new accounting pronouncements are issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) under its accounting standard codifications (“ASC”) or other standard setting bodies and adopted by the Company as of the specified effective date, unless otherwise discussed below.

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosure Framework—Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement, which modifies the disclosure requirements on fair value measurements. ASU 2018-13 removes the requirement to disclose: the amount of and reasons for transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy; the policy for timing of transfers between levels; and the valuation processes for Level 3 fair value measurements. For public business entities, this ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after

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December 15, 2019, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. The Company adopted this ASU on January 1, 2020. The adoption did not result in a material impact on the Company’s financial statements and related disclosures.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-15, Customer’s Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That Is a Service Contract. ASU 2018-15 requires that certain implementation costs incurred in a cloud computing arrangement be deferred and recognized over the term of the arrangement. For public business entities, this ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. The Company adopted this ASU on January 1, 2020, using the prospective transition method. The adoption did not result in a material impact on the Company’s financial statements and related disclosures.

In November 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-18, Collaborative arrangements (Topic 808)—Clarifying the interaction between Topic 808 and Topic 606. ASU 2018-18 (i) clarifies that certain transactions between collaborative arrangement participants should be accounted for as revenue under Topic 606 when the collaborative arrangement participant is a customer in the context of a unit of account, (ii) adds unit-of-account guidance in Topic 808 to align with the guidance in Topic 606 (that is, a distinct good or service) when an entity is assessing whether the collaborative arrangement or a part of the arrangement is within the scope of Topic 606, and (iii) requires that in a transaction with a collaborative arrangement participant that is not directly related to sales to third parties, presenting the transaction together with revenue recognized under Topic 606 is precluded if the collaborative arrangement participant is not a customer. For public business entities, the amendments in this ASU are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. The Company adopted this ASU on January 1, 2020. The adoption did not result in a material impact on the Company’s financial statements and related disclosures.

New Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, which requires the measurement and recognition of expected credit losses for financial assets held at amortized cost. ASU 2016-13 replaces the existing incurred loss impairment model with an expected loss model. It also eliminates the concept of other-than-temporary impairment and requires credit losses related to available-for-sale debt securities to be recorded through an allowance for credit losses rather than as a reduction in the amortized cost basis of the securities. These changes will result in earlier recognition of credit losses. For public business entities, this ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, and interim periods within those fiscal years. The FASB subsequently issued supplemental guidance to ASC 326 within ASU 2019-05, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326): Targeted Transition Relief, ASU 2019-10, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326), Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815), and Leases (Topic 842) and ASU 2019-11, Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses. ASU 2019-05 provides an option to irrevocably elect the fair value option for certain financial assets previously measured at amortized cost basis. ASU 2019-10 extended the effectiveness of Topic 326 for smaller reporting companies until fiscal years beginning after December 31, 2020. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact the adoption of these ASUs will have on its financial statements and related disclosures.

In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-12, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes. ASU 2019-12 simplifies the accounting for income taxes by removing certain exceptions to the general principles in Topic 740 and improves consistent application of and simplifies GAAP for other areas of Topic 740 by clarifying existing guidance. For public business entities, this ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact the adoption of this ASU will have on its financial statements and related disclosures.

3. Fair Value Measurement and Marketable Securities

The Company applies fair value accounting for all financial assets and liabilities and non-financial assets and liabilities that are recognized or disclosed at fair value in the financial statements on a recurring basis. Fair value is an exit price, representing the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. As such, fair value is a market-based measurement that should be determined based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability. As a basis for considering such assumptions, a three-tier fair value hierarchy has been established, which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value as follows:

Level 1—Observable inputs, such as quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities at the measurement date.

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Level 2—Observable inputs other than Level 1 prices such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices in markets that are not active, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.

Level 3—Unobservable inputs which reflect management’s best estimate of what market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability at the measurement date. Consideration is given to the risk inherent in the valuation technique and the risk inherent in the inputs to the model.

In determining fair value, the Company utilizes valuation techniques that maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs to the extent possible as well as considers counterparty credit risk in its assessment of fair value.

As of December 31, 2020, financial assets measured and recognized at fair value are as follows (in thousands):

Assets

(1) Included in cash and cash equivalents on the balance sheet

As of December 31, 2019, financial assets measured and recognized at fair value are as follows (in thousands):

Assets

(1) Included in cash and cash equivalents on the balance sheet

As of December 31, 2020, all marketable securities had a remaining maturity of one year or less. As of December 31, 2019, all marketable securities had a remaining maturity of one year or less, except for corporate bonds with a fair value of $1.5 million that had maturities of one to two years. There were no financial liabilities measured and recognized at fair value as of December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019.

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4.Balance Sheet Components

Property and Equipment, Net

Property and equipment, net consisted of the following (in thousands):

Useful Life As of December 31,

Leasehold improvements Shorter of useful life or lease term 2,716 2,581

Less: Accumulated depreciation and amortization (3,894 ) (2,516 )

Property and equipment, net $ 4,271 $ 4,642

Depreciation and amortization expense was $1.4 million, $1.2 million and $0.9 million for the years ended December 31, 2020, December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.

Accrued Liabilities

Accrued liabilities consisted of the following (in thousands):

As of December 31,

Accrued research and development expenses $ 5,259 $ 2,787

Accrued salaries and benefits 2,685 1,733

Legal and professional fees 543 457

5. Operating Leases

The Company leases its laboratory and office facilities in South San Francisco, California under a non-cancelable operating lease with expiration date in July 2024 (“Original Lease”).

On September 30, 2019, the Company and the landlord of the laboratory and office facilities in South San Francisco entered into a second amendment (“Second Amendment”) to lease additional office spaces at the same location. The Company accounts for the Second Amendment as a separate contract and recognized a related right-of-use (“ROU”) asset and lease liability of $1.2 million on the lease commencement date in August 2020.

The maturities of operating lease liabilities as of December 31, 2020 are as follows (in thousands):

As of December 31, 2020 Operating Leases

Total lease payments 7,595

Less: Interest (872 )

Present value of lease liabilities $ 6,723

Amounts recognized on the balance sheet

Current lease liabilities $ 1,540

Long-term lease liabilities 5,183

Total lease liabilities $ 6,723

F-16

Operating lease cost was $1.5 million and $1.5 million for the years ended December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.

As of December 31, 2020, the ROU assets of $5.2 million are included in non-current assets on the balance sheet, and lease liabilities of $6.7 million are included in current liabilities and non-current liabilities on the balance sheet.

As of December 31, 2020, the remaining term for the operating lease in South San Francisco, California is 3.6 years, and the discount rate used to measure the lease liability for such operating lease upon recognition is 7.0% for the Original Lease and 6.0% for the Second Amendment. The Company has one right to extend the lease term of the operating lease in South San Francisco for two years by giving the landlord written notice. The remaining term does not include the additional two years, as the Company assessed at commencement date that it was not reasonably certain to extend the lease term.

During the years ended December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, cash paid for amounts included in operating lease liabilities of $1.7 million and $1.7 million, respectively, is included in cash flows from operating activities on the statement of cash flows.

6. Commitments and Contingencies

Contingencies

From time to time, the Company may be involved in litigation related to claims that arise in the ordinary course of its business activities. The Company accrues for these matters when it is probable that future expenditures will be made and these expenditures can be reasonably estimated. As of December 31, 2020, the Company does not believe that any such matters, individually or in the aggregate, will have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

Indemnification

The Company enters into standard indemnification arrangements in the ordinary course of business with vendors, clinical trial sites and other parties. Pursuant to these arrangements, the Company indemnifies, holds harmless and agrees to reimburse the indemnified parties for losses suffered or incurred by the indemnified party. The term of these indemnification agreements is generally perpetual any time after the execution of the agreement. The maximum potential amount of future payments the Company could be required to make under these arrangements is not determinable. The Company has never incurred costs to defend lawsuits or settle claims related to these indemnification agreements. As a result, the Company believes the fair value of these agreements is not material.

7. Income Taxes

No provision for income taxes was recorded for the years ended December 31, 2020, December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018. The Company has incurred net operating losses only in the United States since its inception. The Company has not reflected any benefit of such net operating loss carryforwards in the financial statements.

The provision for income taxes differs from the amount expected by applying the federal statutory rate to the loss before taxes as follows:

Year Ended December 31,

Federal statutory income tax rate 21.0 % 21.0 % 21.0 %

State income taxes (1.9 %) 7.0 % 6.9 %

Change in valuation allowance (21.5 %) (31.4 %) (29.4 %)

Research tax credits 2.7 % 3.6 % 2.7 %

Other permanent differences (0.3 %) (0.4 %) (1.3 %)

Provision for income taxes 0.0 % 0.0 % 0.0 %

F-17

The tax effects of temporary differences and carryforwards of the deferred tax assets are presented below (in thousands):

As of December 31,

Deferred tax assets:

Research and development credit carryforwards 3,813 2,995

Stock-based compensation 705 407

Deferred tax assets, net of valuation allowance 1,588 2,027

Deferred tax liabilities:

Property and equipment (488 ) (612 )

Net deferred tax assets $ — $ —

The Company has established a full valuation allowance against its deferred tax assets due to the uncertainty surrounding the realization of such assets.

ASC 740 requires that the tax benefit of net operating losses, temporary differences and credit carryforwards be recorded as an asset to the extent that management assesses that realization is “more likely than not.” Realization of the future tax benefits is dependent on the Company’s ability to generate sufficient taxable income within the carryforward period. Because of the Company’s recent history of operating losses, management believes that recognition of the deferred tax assets arising from the above-mentioned future tax benefits is currently not likely to be realized and, accordingly, has provided a valuation allowance.

As of December 31, 2020, the Company had net operating loss carryforwards of $35.8 million available to reduce future taxable income, if any, for federal income tax purposes. As of December 31, 2020, the Company had net operating loss carryforwards of $83.8 million available to reduce future taxable income, if any, for California state income tax purposes. If not utilized, the federal carryforwards of $11.7 million and the state carryforwards of $83.8 million will begin to expire in 2037 and 2036, respectively. The federal net operating loss carryforwards of $24.1 million arising after December 31, 2017 do not expire.

The Company also had federal and state research and development credit carryforwards of $2.6 million and $2.5 million, respectively, as of December 31, 2020. The federal credits will expire starting in 2037 if not utilized and the state research credit can be carried forward indefinitely.

The Tax Reform Act of 1986 limits the use of net operating loss carryforwards in certain situations where changes occur in the stock ownership of a company. The annual limitation may result in the expiration of net operating losses and credits before utilization. The Company performed a Section 382 analysis through December 31, 2020. The Company has experienced ownership changes in the past and in the current year. As a result of the ownership changes, some of the tax attribute carryforwards may be permanently limited as they will expire unused. The Company is continuing to analyze the impact of the limitation. Subsequent ownership changes may affect the limitation in future years.

Related to unrecognized tax benefits noted below, the Company accrued no penalties or interest during the years ended December 31, 2020, December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018. The Company does not expect its unrecognized tax benefit balance to change materially over the next 12 months.

The Company had $0.9 million and $0.7 million of unrecognized tax benefits as of December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.

F-18

The following table summarizes the activity related to the Company’s unrecognized tax benefits (in thousands).

Increase related to prior year tax positions 59

Increase related to current year tax positions 288

Increase related to prior year tax positions 2

Increase related to current year tax positions 153

The Company files income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction and in California. For jurisdictions in which tax filings have been filed, all tax years remain open for examination by the federal and California state authorities for three and four years, respectively, from the date of utilization of any net operating losses or credits.

8. Common Stock

As of December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the Company’s certificate of incorporation authorized the Company to issue 300,000,000 shares of common stock at a par value of $0.0001 per share. Each share of common stock is entitled to one vote. The holders of common stock are also entitled to receive dividends whenever funds are legally available and when declared by the Company’s board of directors. As of December 31, 2020, no dividends have been declared to date.

The Company had reserved common stock for future issuance as follows:

As of December 31,

9. Stock-Based Compensation

2019 Incentive Award Plan

In May 2019, the Company’s board of directors adopted and the Company’s stockholders approved the 2019 Incentive Award Plan (the “2019 Plan”), under which the Company may grant cash and equity-based incentive awards to the Company’s employees, consultants and directors. Following the effectiveness of the 2019 Plan, the Company will not make any further grants under the 2015 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2015 Plan”). However, the 2015 Plan continues to govern the terms and conditions of the outstanding awards granted under it. Shares of common stock subject to awards granted under the 2015 Plan that are forfeited or lapse unexercised and which following the effective date of the 2019 Plan are not issued under the 2015 Plan will be available for issuance under the 2019 Plan.

Options granted under the 2019 Plan may be either incentive stock options (“ISOs”) or nonqualified stock options (“NSOs”). ISOs may be granted only to Company employees (including officers and directors who are also employees). NSOs may be granted to Company employees and consultants.

The exercise price of an ISO and NSO shall not be less than 100% of the estimated fair value of the shares on the date of grant. The exercise price of an ISO granted to an employee who, at the time of grant, owns stock representing more than 10% of the voting power of all classes of stock of the Company (a “10% stockholder”) shall be no less than 110% of the estimated fair value of the shares on the date of grant. Options granted under the 2019 Plan have a term of 10 years (or five years if granted to a 10% stockholder) and generally vest over a 4-year period with 1-year cliff vesting.

2015 Equity Incentive Plan

In 2015, the Company established its 2015 Plan which provides for the granting of stock options to employees and consultants of the Company. Options granted under the 2015 Plan may be either ISOs or NSOs.

F-19

2019 Employee Stock Purchase Plan

In May 2019, the Company’s board of directors adopted and the Company’s stockholders approved the 2019 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the “ESPP”). The ESPP provides eligible employees with the opportunity to acquire an ownership interest in the Company through periodic payroll deductions up to 15% of eligible compensation. The offering period is determined by the Company in its discretion but may not exceed 27 months. The per-share purchase price on the applicable exercise date for an offering period is equal to the lesser of 85% of the fair market value of the common stock at either the first business day or last business day of the offering period, provided that no more than 4,000 shares of common stock may be purchased by any one employee during each offering period. The ESPP is intended to constitute an “employee stock purchase plan” under Section 423(b) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended. A total of 195,000 shares of common stock were initially reserved for issuance under the ESPP, subject to an annual increase on January 1 of each year, beginning on January 1, 2020. For the years ended December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the Company recorded $0.2 million and less than $0.1 million of compensation expense related to participation in the ESPP.

Stock-Based Compensation Expense

Total stock-based compensation expense recorded related to awards granted to employees and non-employees was as follows (in thousands):

Year Ended December 31,

Total stock-based compensation expense $ 3,609 $ 2,168 $ 950

Stock Options

Activity under the Company’s 2015 and 2019 Plans is set forth below:

Outstanding Options

Additional shares authorized 813,578 —

The weighted-average grant-date fair value of options granted during the years ended December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 was $6.16 and $6.73 per share, respectively. The aggregate intrinsic value of options exercised for the years ended December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 was $1.7 million and $0.8 million, respectively. Intrinsic values are calculated as the difference between the exercise price of the underlying options and the fair value of the common stock on the date of exercise.

As of December 31, 2020, the total unrecognized stock-based compensation expense for stock options was $8.5 million, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.51 years.

F-20

Early Exercise of Stock Options

The terms of the 2015 Plan permit the exercise of options granted under the 2015 Plan prior to vesting, subject to required approvals. The shares so acquired prior to vesting are subject to a lapsing repurchase right in favor of the Company at the original purchase price of such shares, exercisable upon a termination of the holder’s service with the Company prior to full vesting. The proceeds are initially recorded in other liabilities from the early exercise of stock options and are reclassified to additional paid-in capital as the Company’s repurchase right lapses. During the years ended December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the Company repurchased 10,518 and 23,698 shares of common stock, respectively. As of December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, shares that were subject to repurchase were 14,460 and 84,964, respectively. The aggregate exercise price of early exercised shares as of December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 was less than $0.1 million and $0.1 million, respectively, which were recorded in other current liabilities and other non-current liabilities.

Black-Scholes Assumptions

The fair values of options were calculated using the assumptions set forth below:

Year Ended December 31,

Expected term 5.5 - 6.1 years 5.4 - 6.1 years 5.8 - 6.1 years

Dividend yield 0% 0% 0%

Expected term. The expected term represents the weighted-average period the stock options are expected to remain outstanding and is based on the options’ vesting terms, contractual terms and industry peers, as the Company does not have sufficient historical information to develop reasonable expectations about future exercise patterns and post-vesting employment termination behavior.

Expected Volatility. The Company uses an average historical stock price volatility of a peer group of publicly traded companies to be representative of its expected future stock price volatility, as the Company does not have sufficient trading history for its common stock. For purposes of identifying these peer companies, the Company considers the industry, stage of development, size and financial leverage of potential comparable companies. For each grant, the Company measures historical volatility over a period equivalent to the expected term. The Company will continue to apply this process until a sufficient amount of historical information regarding the volatility of its own stock price becomes available.

Risk-Free Interest Rate. The risk-free rate assumption is based on U.S. Treasury instruments whose term was consistent with the expected term of the Company’s stock options.

Expected Dividend Rate. The Company has not paid and does not anticipate paying any dividends in the near future. Accordingly, the Company has estimated the dividend yield to be zero.

The Company accounts for forfeitures as they occur.

Fair Value of Common Stock

The fair value of the Company’s common stock is determined based on its closing market price on the date of grant.

Restricted Stock

Restricted stock activity was as follows: