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Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

This Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations should be read together with our historical financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this Form 10-K. Actual results and the timing of events may differ significantly from those expressed or implied in any forward-looking statements due to a number of factors, including those set forth in the sections entitled “Risk Factors” and “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” and elsewhere in this Form 10-K. For discussion related to changes in financial condition and the results of operations for fiscal year 2021-related items, refer to Part II, Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for fiscal year 2022, which was filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on May 27, 2022.

Executive Overview

Established in 1972, Houlihan Lokey is a leading global independent investment bank with expertise in mergers and acquisitions, capital markets, financial restructurings, and financial and valuation advisory. With offices in the United States, South America, Europe, the Middle East, and the Asia-Pacific region, the Company serves a diverse set of clients including corporations, financial sponsors and government agencies worldwide. Houlihan Lokey’s financial professionals deliver meaningful and differentiated advice to clients on strategy and financial decisions employing a rigorous analytical approach coupled with deep product and industry expertise.

We operate in three segments: Corporate Finance ("CF"); Financial Restructuring ("FR"); and Financial and Valuation Advisory ("FVA"). In our CF business segment, we believe we are an established leader in M&A and capital markets advisory services. Through our FR business segment, we advise on some of the largest and most complex restructurings around the world. Our FVA business segment is one of the largest and most respected valuation, financial opinion and financial consulting practices in the United States.

As of March 31, 2023, we served our clients globally with 1,904 financial professionals, including 313 Managing Directors. We plan to continue to grow our firm across industry sectors, geographies and products to deliver quality advice and innovative solutions to our clients, both organically and through acquisitions. Acquisitions over the last several years include: Fidentiis Capital in November 2019, an independent advisory business providing corporate finance advisory services relating to mergers and acquisitions, capital raising, and financing; Freeman & Co. in December 2019, an independent advisory business providing mergers and acquisitions advisory, capital raising, and other investment banking advisory services for the financial services sector; MVP Capital, LLC, in August 2020, an independent advisory firm that provides a range of financial advisory services to clients in the technology, media, and telecommunications sectors; and in October 2021, GCA Corporation ("GCA"), a global technology-focused investment bank providing M&A advisory and capital markets advisory services in Europe, Japan/Asia, and the United States. The addition of GCA significantly increases the Company's position in the technology sector, which is critical to meeting the needs of our clients as technology increasingly touches every business sector. Most recently, the Company acquired Oakley Advisory in February 2023, further increasing our global coverage of the digital infrastructure sector and significantly augments the existing sector coverage in Europe.

We generate revenues primarily from providing advisory services on transactions that are subject to individually negotiated engagement letters that set forth our fees. A significant portion of our engagements include Progress Fees (as defined herein) consisting of both periodic and milestone-related payments. The occurrence and timing of milestone-related payments, such as upon the closing of a transaction, are generally not within our control. Accordingly, revenue and net income in any period may not be indicative of full year results or the results of any other period and may vary significantly from year to year and quarter to quarter.

Corporate expenses represent expenses that are not allocated to individual business segments such as office of the executives, accounting, information technology, legal and compliance, marketing, human capital, including related compensation expense for corporate employees.

Business Environment and Outlook

Economic and global financial conditions can materially affect our operational and financial performance. See “Risk Factors” for a discussion of some of the factors that can affect our performance.

Our fiscal year ends on March 31 of each year. For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2023, we earned revenues of $1.81 billion, a decrease of (20)% from the $2.27 billion earned during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2022. For our fiscal year ended March 31, 2022, revenues increased 49% over our fiscal year ended March 31, 2021 revenues of $1.53 billion.

For the fiscal years ended March 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021, we earned revenues of $520 million, $579 million, and $333 million, respectively, from our international operations.

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Based on historical experience, we believe current economic conditions provide a stable environment for M&A and capital markets activities, but the continued threat from inflation and the war in Ukraine provide a measure of uncertainty in the coming quarters. In the United States, our dialogue with clients who are evaluating strategic alternatives remains measured as we continue to see good activity in M&A as a result of the availability of capital in the mid-cap space, but concerns remain around the macro-economic factors mentioned above.

Our Financial Restructuring activity has moderately improved as a result of the factors mentioned above (inflation and the war in Ukraine). It is too early to tell if and when this improvement will result in revenues, be we continue to remain optimistic about the current restructuring outlook over the medium and long term due to record levels of company leverage, inflation, supply-chain issues, recent geopolitical events, and contracting monetary policy. We are poised to address any increase in market activity if and when markets shift.

Key Financial Measures

Revenues

Revenues include fee revenues and reimbursements of expenses (see Note 2 and Note 3 included in Part II, Item 8 of this Form 10-K). Revenues reflect revenues from our CF, FR, and FVA business segments that substantially consist of fees for advisory services.

Revenues for all three business segments are recognized upon satisfaction of the performance obligation and may be satisfied over time or at a point in time. The amount and timing of the fees paid vary by the type of engagement. In general, advisory fees are paid at the time an engagement letter is signed (“Retainer Fees”), during the course of the engagement (“Progress Fees”), or upon the successful completion of a transaction or engagement (“Completion Fees”).

CF provides general financial advisory services in addition to advice on mergers and acquisitions and capital markets offerings. We advise public and private institutions on a wide variety of situations, including buy-side and sell-side transactions, as well as leveraged loans, private mezzanine debt, high-yield debt, initial public offerings, follow-ons, convertibles, equity private placements, private equity, and liability management transactions, and advise financial sponsors on all types of transactions. The majority of our CF revenues consists of Completion Fees. A CF transaction can fail to be completed for many reasons that are outside of our control. In these instances, our fees are generally limited to Retainer Fees and in some cases Progress Fees that may have been received.

FR provides advice to debtors, creditors and other parties-in-interest in connection with recapitalization/deleveraging transactions implemented both through bankruptcy proceedings and through out-of-court exchanges, consent solicitations or other mechanisms, as well as in distressed mergers and acquisitions and capital markets activities. As part of these engagements, our FR business segment offers a wide range of advisory services to our clients, including: the structuring, negotiation, and confirmation of plans of reorganization; structuring and analysis of exchange offers; corporate viability assessment; dispute resolution and expert testimony; and procuring debtor-in-possession financing. Although atypical, FR transactions can fail to be completed for many reasons that are outside of our control. In these instances, our fees are generally limited to the Retainer Fees and/or Progress Fees.

FVA primarily provides valuations of various assets, including: companies; illiquid debt and equity securities; and intellectual property (among other assets and liabilities). These valuations are used for financial reporting, tax reporting, and other purposes. In addition, our FVA business segment renders fairness opinions in connection with mergers and acquisitions and other transactions, and solvency opinions in connection with corporate spin-offs and dividend recapitalizations, and other types of financial opinions in connection with other transactions. Also, our FVA business segment provides dispute resolution services to clients where fees are usually based on the hourly rates of our financial professionals. Unlike our CF or FR segments, the fees generated in our FVA segment are generally not contingent on the successful completion of a transaction.

Operating Expenses

Our operating expenses are classified as employee compensation and benefits expense and non-compensation expense; revenue and headcount are the primary drivers of our operating expenses. Reimbursements of certain out-of-pocket deal expenses are recorded on a gross basis and are therefore included in both Revenues and Operating expenses on the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income.

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Employee Compensation and Benefits Expense. Our employee compensation and benefits expense, which accounts for the majority of our operating expenses, is determined by management based on revenues earned, headcount, the competitiveness of the prevailing labor market, and anticipated compensation expectations of our employees. These factors may fluctuate, and as a result, our employee compensation and benefits expense may fluctuate materially in any particular period. Accordingly, the amount of employee compensation and benefits expense recognized in any particular period may not be consistent with prior periods or indicative of future periods.

Our employee compensation and benefits expense consists of base salary, payroll taxes, benefits, annual incentive compensation payable as cash bonus awards, deferred cash bonus awards, and the amortization of equity-based bonus awards. Base salary and benefits are paid ratably throughout the year. Our annual equity-based bonus awards include fixed share compensation awards and liability classified fixed dollar awards as a component of the annual bonus awards for certain employees. These equity awards are generally subject to annual vesting requirements over a four-year period beginning at the date of grant, which typically occurs in the first quarter of each fiscal year; accordingly, expenses are amortized over the stated vesting period. In most circumstances, the unvested portion of these awards is subject to forfeiture should the employee depart from the Company, and in certain cases if certain financial metrics are not met. Cash bonuses, which are accrued monthly, are discretionary and dependent upon a number of factors including the Company's performance and are generally paid in the first quarter of each fiscal year with respect to prior year performance. Generally, a portion of the cash bonus is deferred and paid in the third quarter of the fiscal year in which the bonus is awarded. We refer to the ratio of our employee compensation and benefits expenses to our revenues as our "Compensation Ratio."

Non-Compensation Expense. The balance of our operating expenses includes costs for travel, meals and entertainment, rent, depreciation and amortization, information technology and communications, professional fees, and other operating expenses. We refer to all of these expenses as non-compensation expenses. A portion of our non-compensation expenses fluctuates in response to changes in headcount.

Other (Income)/Expense, Net

Other (income)/expense, net includes (i) interest income earned on non-marketable and investment securities, cash and cash equivalents, loans receivable from affiliates, employee loans, and commercial paper, (ii) interest expense and fees on our HLI Line of Credit (defined herein), (iii) interest expense on the loan payable to affiliate, loans payable to former shareholders, and the loan payable to non-affiliates, (iv) equity income and/or gains or losses from funds and partnership interests where we have had more than a minor ownership interest or more than minor influence over operations, but do not have a controlling interest and are not the primary beneficiary, (v) gains and/or losses associated with the reduction/increase of earnout liabilities, and (vi) other miscellaneous non-operating expenses.

Results of Consolidated Operations

The following is a discussion of our results of operations for the years ended March 31, 2023 and 2022. For a more detailed discussion of the factors that affected the revenues and the operating expenses of our CF, FR, and FVA business segments in these periods, see "Business Segments" below.

Year Ended March 31, Change

Operating expenses:

Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest — (573) 100 %

Net income attributable to Houlihan Lokey, Inc. $ 254,223 $ 437,751 (42) %

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Year Ended March 31, 2023 versus March 31, 2022

Revenues were $1,809 million for the year ended March 31, 2023, compared with $2,270 million for the year ended March 31, 2022, representing a decrease of (20)%. The decrease in revenues was primarily attributable to a decrease in CF revenues as described in more detail below. For the year ended March 31, 2023, CF revenues decreased (29)%, FR revenues increased 1%, and FVA revenues increased 1% when compared with the year ended March 31, 2022.

Operating expenses were $1,468 million for the year ended March 31, 2023, compared with $1,657 million for the year ended March 31, 2022, a decrease of (11)%. Employee compensation and benefits expense, as a component of operating expenses, was $1,148 million for the year ended March 31, 2023, compared with $1,409 million for the year ended March 31, 2022, a decrease of (19)%. The decrease in employee compensation and benefits expense was primarily due to the decrease in revenues for the fiscal year. The Compensation Ratio was 63% and 62% for the years ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Non-compensation expenses, as a component of operating expenses, were $320 million for the year ended March 31, 2023, compared with $248 million for the year ended March 31, 2022, an increase of 29%. The increase in non-compensation expenses was primarily a result of an increase in travel, meals, and entertainment expenses as employees continued to return to travel and an increase in other operating expenses.

Other (income)/expense, net increased to $17.7 million for the year ended March 31, 2023, compared with $8.9 million for the year ended March 31, 2022. The increase in other (income)/expense, net was primarily due to a $15 million accrual relating to an anticipated settlement with the SEC. On May 10, 2023 the staff of the SEC's Division of Enforcement proposed a potential settlement with the Company to resolve an investigation of the Company's compliance with records preservation requirements related to business communications sent over off-channel electronic messaging platforms. The Company has notified the SEC's Division of Enforcement of its present intention to agree to a settlement to resolve the investigation that includes a $15 million civil penalty. The potential settlement is subject to the negotiation of definitive documentation, which is expected to include terms consistent with previously announced settlements between other firms and the SEC, and any formal offer, proposed civil penalty, and additional terms submitted by the Company would be subject to approval by the Commission. As a result of the foregoing, the Company determined that it should recognize a $15 million accrual in other (income)/expense, net for the fourth fiscal quarter and fiscal year ended March 31, 2023 relating to the anticipated settlement with the SEC.

The provision for income taxes for the year ended March 31, 2023 was $69.8 million, which reflected an effective tax rate of 22%. The provision for income taxes for the year ended March 31, 2022 was $165.6 million, which reflected an effective tax rate of 27%. The decrease in the Company’s tax rate during the year ended March 31, 2023 relative to the year ended March 31, 2022 was primarily a result of increased stock compensation deductions, the release of the provision for an uncertain tax position as a result of the successful closure of a state audit and the release of a valuation allowance.

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Business Segments

The following table presents revenues, expenses, and contributions from our continuing operations by business segment. The revenues by segment represents each segment's revenues, and the profit by segment represents profit for each segment before corporate expenses, Other (income)/expense, net, and income taxes.

Year Ended March 31, Change

Revenues by segment

Segment profit (1)

Segment Metrics:

Number of Managing Directors

Financial Restructuring 57 53 8 %

Financial and Valuation Advisory 39 34 15 %

Number of closed transactions/Fee Events (3)

Financial and Valuation Advisory 2,257 2,183 3 %

(1)We adjust the compensation expense for a business segment in situations where an employee residing in one business segment is performing work in another business segment where the revenues are accrued. Segment Profit may vary significantly between periods depending on the levels of collaboration among the different segments.

(2)Corporate expenses represent expenses that are not allocated to individual business segments such as office of the executives, accounting, information technology, legal and compliance, marketing, and human capital.

(3)Fee Events applicable to FVA only; a Fee Event includes any engagement that involves revenue activity during the measurement period with a revenue minimum of one thousand dollars. References to closed transactions should be understood to be the same as transactions that are “effectively closed” as described in Note 2 of our Consolidated Financial Statements.

Corporate Finance

Year Ended March 31, 2023 Compared to the Year Ended March 31, 2022

Revenues for CF were $1,127 million for the year ended March 31, 2023, compared with $1,593 million for the year ended March 31, 2022, representing a decrease of (29)%. The decrease in revenues was primarily a result of (i) a decrease in the average transaction fee on closed transactions and a decrease in the number of transactions that closed for the year ended March 31, 2023, compared with the year ended March 31, 2022. The decrease in the average transaction fee on closed transactions was driven by the size and timing of transactions that closed and does not represent a trend in the average fee on closed transactions.

Segment profit for CF was $354 million for the year ended March 31, 2023, compared with $606 million for the year ended March 31, 2022, representing a decrease of (42)%. The decrease in segment profit was primarily a result of lower revenues and higher non-compensation expenses for the year ended March 31, 2023, compared with the year ended March 31, 2022.

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Financial Restructuring

Year Ended March 31, 2023 Compared to the Year Ended March 31, 2022

Revenues for FR were $396 million for the year ended March 31, 2023, compared with $393 million for the year ended March 31, 2022, representing an increase of 1%. The increase in revenues was primarily due to an increase in the number of closed transactions, partially offset by a decrease in the average transaction fee for the year ended March 31, 2023, compared with the year ended March 31, 2022. The decrease in the average transaction fee was driven by the size and timing of transactions that closed during the quarter, and does not represent a trend in the average fee on closed transactions. The increase in the number of closed transactions was driven by favorable market conditions for restructuring transactions.

Segment profit for FR was $122 million for the year ended March 31, 2023, compared with $101 million for the year ended March 31, 2022, an increase of 21%. The increase in segment profit was primarily a result of a decrease in compensation expenses, partially offset by a higher non-compensation expenses for the year ended March 31, 2023, compared with the year ended March 31, 2022.

Financial and Valuation Advisory

Year Ended March 31, 2023 Compared to the Year Ended March 31, 2022

Revenues for FVA were $287 million for the year ended March 31, 2023, compared with $284 million for the year ended March 31, 2022, representing an increase of 1%. The increase in revenues was primarily due to an increase in the number of fee events for the year ended March 31, 2023, compared with the year ended March 31, 2022.

Segment profit for FVA was $81 million for the year ended March 31, 2023, compared with $88 million for the year ended March 31, 2022, representing a decrease of (8)%. The decrease in segment profit was primarily a result of higher non-compensation expenses for the year ended March 31, 2023, compared with the year ended March 31, 2022.

Corporate Expenses

Year Ended March 31, 2023 Compared to the Year Ended March 31, 2022

Corporate expenses were $215 million for the year ended March 31, 2023, compared with $182 million for the year ended March 31, 2022, representing an increase of 18%. The increase in corporate expenses was primarily a result of higher compensation expenses for the year ended March 31, 2023, compared with the year ended March 31, 2022.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Our current assets comprise cash and cash equivalents, investment securities, accounts receivable, and unbilled work in progress related to fees earned from providing advisory services. Our current liabilities include deferred income, accounts payable and accrued expenses, accrued salaries and bonuses, income taxes payable, and current portion of loan obligations.

Our cash and cash equivalents include cash held at banks. We maintain moderate levels of cash on hand in support of regulatory requirements for our registered broker-dealers. As of March 31, 2023 and 2022, we had $475 million and $477 million of cash in foreign subsidiaries, respectively. Our excess cash may be invested in short term investments, including treasury securities, commercial paper, certificates of deposit, and investment grade corporate debt securities. Please refer to Note 6 for further detail.

As of March 31, 2023 and 2022, our Cash and cash equivalents, Investment securities, and Restricted cash were as follows:

(1)Represents a deposit in support of a letter of credit issued for our Frankfurt office.

As of each fiscal year end, a material portion of our Cash and cash equivalents is reserved to cover accrued, but unpaid bonuses, that are paid the following May and November.

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Our liquidity is highly dependent upon cash receipts from clients that are generally dependent upon the successful completion of transactions as well as the timing of receivables collections, which typically occur within 60 days of billing. As of March 31, 2023 and 2022, we had $182 million and $144 million of Accounts receivable, net of credit losses, respectively. As of March 31, 2023 and 2022, we had $115 million and $105 million of Unbilled work in progress, net of credit losses, respectively.

Subsequent to the end of fiscal 2023, our Board of Directors declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.55 per share of common stock, payable on June 15, 2023 to shareholders of record as of the close of business on June 2, 2023.

Subsequent to the end of fiscal 2023, on May 10, 2023 the staff of the SEC's Division of Enforcement proposed a potential settlement with the Company to resolve an investigation of the Company's compliance with records preservation requirements related to business communications sent over electronic messaging channels that have not been approved by the Company. The Company has notified the SEC's Division of Enforcement of its present intention to agree to a settlement to resolve the investigation that includes a $15 million civil penalty. This is expected to be paid during the first quarter of fiscal 2024.

On August 23, 2019, the Company entered into a syndicated revolving line of credit with the Bank of America, N.A. and certain other financial institutions party thereto, which allows for borrowings of up to $100 million (and, subject to certain conditions, provides the Company with an uncommitted expansion option, which, if exercised in full, would provide for a total credit facility of $200 million), which was amended by a First Amendment to Credit Agreement dated as of August 2, 2022, and matures on August 23, 2025 (the "HLI Line of Credit"). As of March 31, 2023, no principal was outstanding under the HLI Line of Credit. Borrowings under the HLI Line of Credit bear interest at a floating rate, which can be either, at the Company’s option, (i) Term Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) plus a 0.10% SOFR adjustment plus a 1.00% margin or (ii) base rate, which is the highest of (a) the Federal Funds Rate plus one-half of one percent (0.50%), (b) the rate of interest in effect for such day as publicly announced from time to time by Bank of America as its “prime rate,” and (c) Term SOFR plus a 0.10% SOFR adjustment. Commitment fees apply to unused amounts, and the HLI Line of Credit contains debt covenants which require that the Company maintain certain financial ratios. The loan agreement requires compliance with certain loan covenants including but not limited to the maintenance of minimum consolidated earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization of no less than $150 million as of the end of any quarterly 12-month period and certain leverage ratios including a consolidated leverage ratio of less than 2.00 to 1.00. As of March 31, 2023, we were, and expect to continue to be, in compliance with such covenants.

The majority of the Company's payment obligations and commitments pertain to routine operating leases. The Company also has various obligations relating to notes payable and contingent consideration issued in connection with businesses previously acquired (see Note 10 included in Part II, Item 8 of this Form 10-K).

In connection with certain acquisitions, certain employees may be entitled to deferred consideration, primarily in the form of retention payments, should certain service and/or performance conditions be met in the future. As a result of these conditions, such deferred consideration would be expensed as compensation in current and future periods and has been accrued as liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2023 and 2022.

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Cash Flows

Our operating cash flows are primarily influenced by the amount and timing of receipt of advisory fees and the payment of operating expenses, including payments of incentive compensation to our employees. We pay a significant portion of our incentive compensation during the first and third quarters of each fiscal year. A summary of our operating, investing, and financing cash flows is as follows:

Year Ended March 31,

Operating activities:

Net cash used in investing activities (3,004) (273,914)

Effects of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents (12,065) (16,784)

Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash – beginning of period 834,070 847,224

Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash – end of period $ 714,812 $ 834,070

Year Ended March 31, 2023

Operating activities resulted in a net inflow of $136.3 million for the year ended March 31, 2023, primarily due to net income of $254.2 million and non-cash charges of $250.6 million, partially offset by a decrease in other operating activities of $(368.5) million. Investing activities resulted in a net outflow of $(3.0) million for the year ended March 31, 2023, primarily due to acquisitions of property and equipment, cash consideration used for the acquisition of Oakley Advisory, LLC, and purchases of investment securities, partially offset by the sale or maturity of investment securities. Financing activities resulted in a net outflow of $(240.5) million primarily due to dividends paid, share repurchases, and payments to settle employee tax obligations on share-based awards during the year ended March 31, 2023.

Year Ended March 31, 2022

Operating activities resulted in a net inflow of $736.6 million for the year ended March 31, 2022, primarily due to increased net income. Investing activities resulted in a net outflow of $(273.9) million for the year ended March 31, 2022, primarily due to cash consideration used for the acquisition of GCA. Financing activities resulted in a net outflow of $(459.1) million primarily due to share repurchases completed during the year ended March 31, 2022.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

We believe that the critical accounting policies and practices included below are both most important to the portrayal of the Company's financial condition and results, and require management's most difficult, subjective, or complex judgments, often as a result of the need to make estimates about the effects of matters that are inherently uncertain. For a discussion of these and other significant accounting policies and their impact on our consolidated financial statements, see Note 2 included in part II, Item 8 of this Form 10-K.

The preparation of consolidated financial statements and related disclosures in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results may differ from those estimates. Estimates and assumptions are reviewed periodically, and the effects of revisions are reflected in the period for which they are determined to be necessary.

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Recognition of Revenue

See Note 2 included in Part II, Item 8 of this Form 10-K for additional information.

Provision for Income Taxes

The Company files consolidated federal income tax returns, as well as consolidated and separate returns in state and local jurisdictions, and the Company reports income tax expense on this basis.

See Note 12 included in Part II, Item 8 of this Form 10-K for additional information.

Business Combinations

Accounting for business combinations requires management to make significant estimates and assumptions. Critical estimates in valuing certain intangible assets include, but are not limited to, future expected cash flows, expected asset lives, geographic risk premiums, discount rates, and more. The amounts and useful lives assigned to acquisition-related intangible assets impact the amount and timing of future amortization expense.

Recent Accounting Developments

For additional information on recently issued accounting developments and their impact or potential impact on our consolidated financial statements, see Note 2 included in Part II, Item 8 of this Form 10-K.

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Item 7A.Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

Market Risk and Credit Risk

Our business is not capital intensive and we generally do not issue debt or invest in derivative instruments. As a result, we are not subject to significant market risk (including interest rate risk) or credit risk (except in relation to receivables). We maintain our cash and cash equivalents with financial institutions with high credit ratings. Although these deposits are generally not insured, management believes we are not exposed to significant credit risk due to the financial position of the depository institutions in which those deposits are held.

Our cash and cash equivalents are denominated primarily in U.S. dollars, pound sterling and euros, and we face foreign currency risk in our cash balances and other assets and liabilities held in accounts outside the U.S. due to potential currency movements and the associated foreign currency translation accounting requirements.

We regularly review our accounts receivable and allowance for credit losses by considering factors such as historical experience, credit quality, age of the accounts receivable and recoverable expense balances, and the current economic conditions that may affect a customer’s ability to pay such amounts owed to us. We maintain an allowance for credit losses that, in our opinion, provides for an adequate reserve to cover losses that may be incurred.

Risks Related to Cash and Short Term Investments

Our cash is maintained in U.S. and non-U.S. bank accounts. We have exposure to foreign exchange risks through all of our international affiliates. However, we believe our cash is not subject to any material interest rate risk, equity price risk, credit risk or other market risk. Consistent with our past practice, we expect to maintain our cash in bank accounts or highly liquid securities.

Exchange Rate Risk

The exchange rate of the U.S. dollar relative to the currencies in the non-U.S. countries in which we operate may have an effect on the reported value of our non-U.S. dollar denominated or based assets and liabilities and, therefore, be reflected as a change in other comprehensive income. Our non-U.S. assets and liabilities that are sensitive to exchange rates consist primarily of trade payables and receivables, work in progress, and cash. For the years ended March 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021, the net impact of the fluctuation of foreign currencies in other comprehensive income within the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income was $(19.5) million, $(23.2) million, and $22.9 million, respectively.

In addition, the reported amounts of our revenues and expenses may be affected by movements in the rate of exchange between the currencies in the non-U.S. countries in which we operate and the United States dollar, affecting our operating results. We have analyzed our potential exposure to changes in the value of the U.S. dollar relative to the pound sterling and euro, the primary currencies of our European operations, by performing a sensitivity analysis on our net income, and determined that while our earnings are subject to fluctuations from changes in foreign currency rates, at this time we do not believe we face any material risk in this respect.

From time to time, we enter into transactions to hedge our exposure to certain foreign currency fluctuations through the use of derivative instruments or other methods. As of March 31, 2023, we had one foreign currency forward contract between the euro and pound sterling with an aggregate notional value of €6.5 million. As of March 31, 2022, we had one foreign currency forward contract between the euro and pound sterling with an aggregate notional value of €15.7 million. The fair value of these foreign currency forward contracts represented a gain included in Other operating expenses of $35 thousand and $33 thousand during the year ended March 31, 2023 and March 31, 2022, respectively.

In summary, we have been impacted by changes in exchange rates and the potential impact of future currency fluctuation will increase as our international expansion continues. The magnitude of this impact will depend on the timing and volume of revenues and expenses of, and the amounts of assets and liabilities in, our foreign subsidiaries along with the timing of changes in the relative value of the U.S. dollar to the currencies of the non-U.S. countries in which we operate.

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Item 8.Financial Statements

HOULIHAN LOKEY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Index to Consolidated Financial Statements Page

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm 37

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 45

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

To the Stockholders and Board of Directors Houlihan Lokey, Inc.:

Opinion on the Consolidated Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Houlihan Lokey, Inc. and subsidiaries (the Company) as of March 31, 2023 and 2022, the related consolidated statements of comprehensive income, changes in stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended March 31, 2023, and the related notes (collectively, the consolidated financial statements). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of March 31, 2023 and 2022, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended March 31, 2023, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of March 31, 2023, based on criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission, and our report dated May 25, 2023 expressed an unqualified opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

Basis for Opinion

These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Critical Audit Matter

The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the consolidated financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the consolidated financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of a critical audit matter does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.

Recognition of Revenue

As disclosed in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company recognizes revenue from contracts with customers upon satisfaction of the performance obligation by transferring the promised service to the customers. A service is transferred to a customer when the customer obtains control of and derives benefit from that service. Revenues from Corporate Finance engagements primarily consist of fees generated in connection with advisory services related to mergers and acquisitions, capital markets, and other corporate finance transactions. Revenues from a Financial Restructuring engagement primarily consist of fees generated in connection with advisory services to debtors, creditors and other parties-in-interest involving recapitalization or deleveraging transactions implemented both through bankruptcy proceedings and through out-of-court exchanges, consent solicitations, or other mechanisms, as well as in distressed mergers and acquisitions and capital markets activities. Fees earned upon the successful completion of a Corporate Finance or Financial Restructuring transaction or engagement (“Completion Fees”) are recognized when the related transaction has been effectively closed. Effective closure of a transaction or engagement occurs when the Company has transferred control of the promised service, the customer obtains control, and the variable consideration constraint has been resolved. The Company recorded revenue of approximately $1.5 billion for Corporate Finance and Financial Restructuring for the year ended March 31, 2023.

We identified the evaluation of the revenue recognition related to uncollected Completion Fees of Corporate Finance and Financial Restructuring transaction and engagement fees as a critical audit matter because a high degree of auditor judgment was required in evaluating the effective closure of a transaction or engagement.

The following are the primary procedures we performed to address this critical audit matter. We evaluated the design and tested the operating effectiveness of the internal controls related to the Company’s uncollected transaction and engagement fee revenue recognition process, including controls related to the evaluation of the effective closure of transactions and resolution of the variable consideration constraints. For a sample of transactions, we tested the effective closure by comparing the transaction or engagement completion status to contract terms, using a combination of executed third party contracts and other relevant and reliable third-party information. In addition, we sent third-party confirmations to a sample of customers regarding the amount of uncollected Corporate Finance and Financial Restructuring Completion Fees as of March 31, 2023.

/s/ KPMG LLP

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2006.

Los Angeles, California

May 25, 2023

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

To the Stockholders and Board of Directors Houlihan Lokey, Inc.:

Opinion on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

We have audited Houlihan Lokey, Inc. and subsidiaries' (the Company) internal control over financial reporting as of March 31, 2023, based on criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. In our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of March 31, 2023, based on criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission.

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the consolidated balance sheets of the Company as of March 31, 2023 and 2022, the related consolidated statements of comprehensive income, stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended March 31, 2023, and the related notes (collectively, the consolidated financial statements), and our report dated May 25, 2023 expressed an unqualified opinion on those consolidated financial statements.

Basis for Opinion

The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management's Annual report on Internal Controls over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audit also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Definition and Limitations of Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

/s/ KPMG LLP

Los Angeles, California

May 25, 2023

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HOULIHAN LOKEY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(In thousands, except share data and par value) March 31, 2023 March 31, 2022

Assets

Income taxes receivable 17,693 —

Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity

Liabilities:

Income taxes payable — 61,266

Loans payable to former shareholders — 539

Commitments and contingencies (Note 17)

Stockholders' equity:

Accumulated other comprehensive loss (62,814) (43,347)

See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

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HOULIHAN LOKEY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

Year Ended March 31,

(In thousands, except share and per share data) 2023 2022 2021

Operating expenses:

Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest — (573) —

Other comprehensive income, net of tax:

Attributable to Houlihan Lokey, Inc. common stockholders:

Weighted average shares of common stock outstanding:

Earnings per share (Note 13)

See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

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HOULIHAN LOKEY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY

(In thousands, except share data) Shares $ Shares $ $ $ $ $

Stock compensation vesting (Note 14) — — — — 50,152 — — 50,152

Shares issued to non-employee directors (Note 14) 8,751 — — — 333 — — 333

Change in unrealized translation — — — — — — 22,932 22,932

(In thousands, except share data) Shares $ Shares $ $ $ $ $

Stock compensation vesting (Note 14) — — — — 84,320 — — 84,320

Shares issued to non-employee directors (Note 14) 6,512 — — — 477 — — 477

Change in unrealized translation — — — — — — (23,171) (23,171)

See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

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HOULIHAN LOKEY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (CONTINUED)

(In thousands, except share data) Shares $ Shares $ $ $ $ $

Shares issued to non-employee directors (Note 14) 6,739 — — — 570 — — 570

Change in unrealized translation — — — — — — (19,467) (19,467)

See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

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HOULIHAN LOKEY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

Year Ended March 31,

Cash flows from operating activities:

Unrealized (gains)/losses on investment securities 3,680 4,228 (99)

Changes in operating assets and liabilities:

Accounts payable and accrued expenses and other (32,014) (9,955) 535

Cash flows from investing activities:

Cash flows from financing activities:

Proceeds from issuance of Class A shares — — 189,060

Loans payable to former shareholders redeemed (539) (280) (575)

Repayments of loans to non-affiliates (2,488) — (3,601)

Supplemental disclosures of non-cash activities:

Shares issued via vesting of liability classified awards $ 5,955 $ 4,270 $ 7,511

Shares issued as consideration for acquisitions 7,238 2,000 1,050

Cash paid during the year:

See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

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HOULIHAN LOKEY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(In thousands, except share data or as otherwise stated)

Note 1 — Background

Houlihan Lokey, Inc. ("Houlihan Lokey," or "HL, Inc." also referred to as the "Company," "we," "our," or "us") is a Delaware corporation that controls the following primary subsidiaries:

•Houlihan Lokey Capital, Inc., a California corporation ("HL Capital, Inc."), is a wholly owned direct subsidiary of HL, Inc. HL Capital, Inc. is registered as a broker-dealer under Section 15(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and a member of Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc.

•Houlihan Lokey Financial Advisors, Inc., a California corporation ("HL FA, Inc."), is a wholly owned direct subsidiary of HL, Inc.

•Houlihan Lokey EMEA, LLP, a limited liability partnership registered in England ("HL EMEA, LLP"), is an indirect subsidiary of HL, Inc. HL EMEA, LLP is regulated by the Financial Conduct Authority in the United Kingdom ("U.K.").

The Company offers financial services and financial advice to a broad clientele located through more than thirty offices in the United States of America, South America, Europe, the Middle East, and the Asia-Pacific region. Together, the Company and its subsidiaries form an organization that provides financial services to meet a wide variety of client needs. The Company concentrates its efforts toward the earning of professional fees with focused services across the following three business segments:

•Corporate Finance ("CF") provides general financial advisory services in addition to advice on mergers and acquisitions and capital markets offerings. We advise public and private institutions on a wide variety of situations, including buy-side and sell-side transactions, as well as leveraged loans, private mezzanine debt, high-yield debt, initial public offerings, follow-ons, convertibles, equity private placements, private equity, and liability management transactions, and advise financial sponsors on all types of transactions. The majority of our CF revenues consists of fees paid upon the successful completion of the transaction or engagement ("Completion Fees"). A CF transaction can fail to be completed for many reasons that are outside of our control. In these instances, our fees are generally limited to the fees paid at the time an engagement letter is signed ("Retainer Fees") and in some cases fees paid during the course of the engagement ("Progress Fees") that may have been received.

•Financial Restructuring ("FR") provides advice to debtors, creditors and other parties-in-interest in connection with recapitalization/deleveraging transactions implemented both through bankruptcy proceedings and through out-of-court exchanges, consent solicitations or other mechanisms, as well as in distressed mergers and acquisitions and capital markets activities. As part of these engagements, our FR business segment offers a wide range of advisory services to our clients, including: the structuring, negotiation, and confirmation of plans of reorganization; structuring and analysis of exchange offers; corporate viability assessment; dispute resolution and expert testimony; and procuring debtor-in-possession financing. Although atypical, FR transactions can fail to be completed for many reasons that are outside of our control. In these instances, our fees are generally limited to the Retainer Fees and/or Progress Fees.

•Financial and Valuation Advisory ("FVA") primarily provides valuations of various assets, including: companies; illiquid debt and equity securities; and intellectual property (among other assets and liabilities). These valuations are used for financial reporting, tax reporting, and other purposes. In addition, our FVA business segment renders fairness opinions in connection with mergers and acquisitions and other transactions, and solvency opinions in connection with corporate spin-offs and dividend recapitalizations, and other types of financial opinions in connection with other transactions. Also, our FVA business segment provides dispute resolution services to clients where fees are usually based on the hourly rates of our financial professionals. Unlike our CF or FR segments, the fees generated in our FVA segment are generally not contingent on the successful completion of a transaction.

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HOULIHAN LOKEY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

(In thousands, except share data or as otherwise stated)

Note 2 — Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the U.S. ("GAAP"), pursuant to the rules and regulations of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC"), and include all information and footnotes required for consolidated financial statement presentation, and include all disclosures required under GAAP for annual financial statements.

Principles of Consolidation

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its subsidiaries where it has a controlling financial interest. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements. Management estimates and assumptions also affect the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period, and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the reporting date. These estimates and assumptions are based on management’s best estimates and judgment. Management evaluates its estimates and assumptions on an ongoing basis using historical experience and other factors, including the current economic environment, which management believes to be reasonable under the circumstances. Management adjusts such estimates and assumptions when facts and circumstances dictate. As future events and their effects cannot be determined with precision, actual results could differ significantly from these estimates. Items subject to such estimates and assumptions include, but are not limited to: the allowance for credit losses; the valuation of deferred tax assets, valuation of acquired intangibles and goodwill, accrued expenses, and share based compensation; the allocation of goodwill and other assets across the reporting units (segments); and reserves for income tax uncertainties and other contingencies.

Revenues

Revenues consist of fee revenues from advisory services and reimbursed costs incurred in fulfilling the contracts. Revenues reflect fees generated from our CF, FR, and FVA business segments.

The Company generates revenues from contractual advisory services and reimbursed costs incurred in fulfilling the contracts for such services. Revenues for all three business segments (CF, FR, and FVA) are recognized upon satisfaction of the performance obligation, which may be satisfied over time or at a point in time. The amount and timing of the fees paid vary by the type of engagement.

The amount of revenue recognized reflects the consideration we expect to be entitled to in exchange for those promised services (i.e., the “transaction price”). In determining the transaction price, we consider multiple factors, including the effects of variable consideration. Variable consideration is included in the transaction price only to the extent it is probable that a significant reversal in the amount of cumulative revenue recognized will not occur when the uncertainties with respect to the amount are resolved. In determining when to include variable consideration in the transaction price, we consider the range of possible outcomes, the predictive value of our past experiences, the time period of when uncertainties expect to be resolved and the amount of consideration that is susceptible to factors outside of our influence, such as market volatility or the judgment and actions of third parties. The substantial majority of the Company’s advisory fees (i.e., the success-related Completion Fees) are considered variable and constrained as they are contingent upon a future event which includes factors outside of our control (e.g., completion of a transaction or third party emergence from bankruptcy or approval by the court).

Revenues from CF engagements primarily consist of fees generated in connection with advisory services related to corporate finance, mergers and acquisitions, and capital markets offerings. Completion Fees from these engagements are recognized at a point in time when the related transaction has been effectively closed. At that time, the Company has transferred control of the promised service and the customer obtains control. CF contracts generally contain a variety of promised services that may be capable of being distinct, but they are not distinct within the context of the contract as the various services are inputs to the combined output of successfully brokering a specific transaction.

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HOULIHAN LOKEY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

(In thousands, except share data or as otherwise stated)

Revenues from FR engagements primarily consist of fees generated in connection with advisory services to debtors, creditors and other parties-in-interest involving recapitalization or deleveraging transactions implemented both through bankruptcy proceedings and through out-of-court exchanges, consent solicitations or other mechanisms, as well as in distressed mergers and acquisitions and capital markets activities. Retainer Fees and Progress Fees from restructuring engagements are recognized over timeusing a time elapsed measure of progressas our clients simultaneously receive and consume the benefits of those services as they are provided. Completion Fees from these engagements are considered variable and constrained until the related transaction has been effectively closed as they are contingent upon a future event, which includes factors outside of our control (e.g., completion of a transaction or third party emergence from bankruptcy or approval by the court).

Revenues from FVA engagements primarily consist of fees generated in connection with valuation and diligence services and rendering fairness, solvency and other financial opinions. Revenues are recognized at a point in time as these engagements include a singular objective that does not transfer any notable value to the Company’s clients until the opinions have been rendered and delivered to the client. However, certain engagements consist of advisory services where fees are usually based on the hourly rates of our financial professionals. Such revenues are recognized over time as the benefits of these advisory services are transferred to the Company’s clients throughout the course of the engagement, and, as a practical expedient, the Company has elected to use the ‘as-invoiced’ approach to recognize revenue.

Taxes, including value added taxes, collected from customers and remitted to governmental authorities are accounted for on a net basis, and therefore, are excluded from revenue in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income.

Operating Expenses

The majority of the Company’s operating expenses are related to compensation for employees, which includes the amortization of the relevant portion of the Company’s share-based incentive plans (Note 14). Other types of operating expenses include: Travel, meals, and entertainment; Rent; Depreciation and amortization; Information technology and communications; Professional fees; and Other operating expenses.

Translation of Foreign Currency Transactions

The reporting currency for the consolidated financial statements of the Company is the U.S. dollar. The assets and liabilities of subsidiaries whose functional currency is other than the U.S. dollar are included in the consolidation by translating the assets and liabilities at the reporting period-end exchange rates; however, revenues and expenses are translated using the applicable exchange rates determined on a monthly basis throughout the fiscal year. Resulting translation adjustments are reported as a separate component of Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of applicable taxes.

From time to time, we enter into transactions to hedge our exposure to certain foreign currency fluctuations through the use of derivative instruments or other methods. As of March 31, 2023, we had one foreign currency forward contract between the euro and pound sterling with an aggregate notional value of €6.5 million. As of March 31, 2022, we had one foreign currency forward contract between the euro and pound sterling with an aggregate notional value of €15.7 million. The fair value of these foreign currency forward contracts represented a gain included in Other operating expenses of $35 and $33 during the year ended March 31, 2023 and March 31, 2022, respectively.

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HOULIHAN LOKEY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

(In thousands, except share data or as otherwise stated)

Fair Value Measurements

The Company utilizes valuation techniques that maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs to the extent possible. The Company determines fair value based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability in the principal or most advantageous market. When considering market participant assumptions in fair value measurements, the following fair value hierarchy distinguishes between observable and unobservable inputs, which are categorized in one of the following levels in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") Topic 820, Fair Value Measurement:

•Level 1 Inputs: Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities accessible to the reporting entity at the measurement date.

•Level 2 Inputs: Other than quoted prices included in Level 1 inputs that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the asset or liability.

•Level 3 Inputs: Unobservable inputs for the asset or liability used to measure fair value to the extent that observable inputs are not available, thereby allowing for situations in which there is little, if any, market activity for the asset or liability at measurement date.

For Level 3 investments in which pricing inputs are unobservable and limited market activity exists, management's determination of fair value is based upon the best information available, and may incorporate management's own assumptions or involve a significant degree of judgment.

The following methods and assumptions were used by the Company in estimating fair value disclosures:

•Corporate debt securities: All fair value measurements are obtained from a third-party pricing service and are not adjusted by management.

•U.S. treasury securities: Fair values for U.S. treasury securities are based on quoted prices from recent trading activity of identical or similar securities. All fair value measurements are obtained from a third-party pricing service and are not adjusted by management.

In certain cases, the inputs used to measure fair value may fall into different levels of the fair value hierarchy. In such cases, the determination of which category within the fair value hierarchy is appropriate for any given investment is based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The Company's assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement in its entirety requires judgment and consideration of factors specific to the instrument.

The fair values of the financial instruments represent the amounts that would be received to sell assets or that would be paid to transfer liabilities in an orderly transaction between market participants as of a specified date. Fair value measurements maximize the use of observable inputs; however, in situations where there is little, if any, market activity for the asset or liability at the measurement date, the fair value measurement reflects the Company’s own judgments about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. Those judgments are developed by the Company based on the best information available in the circumstances, including expected cash flows and appropriately risk-adjusted discount rates, as well as available observable and unobservable inputs.

The carrying value of Cash and cash equivalents, Restricted cash, Accounts receivable, Unbilled work in progress, Accounts payable and accrued expenses, and Deferred income approximates fair value due to the short maturity of these instruments.

The carrying value of the loans to employees included in Other assets and Loans payable to former shareholders, which are included in Loan payable to non-affiliate, approximate fair value due to the variable interest rate borne by those instruments.

Cash and Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash

Cash and cash equivalents include cash held at banks and highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less. As of March 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company had cash balances with banks in excess of insured limits. The Company believes it is not exposed to any significant credit risk with respect to Cash and cash equivalents.

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HOULIHAN LOKEY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

(In thousands, except share data or as otherwise stated)

The following table provides a reconciliation of Cash and cash equivalents, and Restricted cash reported within the Consolidated Balance Sheets that sum to the total of the same such amounts shown in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.

Total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash $ 714,812 $ 834,070

(1)Restricted cash as of March 31, 2023 and March 31, 2022 consisted of a cash deposit in support of a letter of credit issued for our Frankfurt office.

Investment Securities

Investment securities consist primarily of corporate debt and U.S. treasury securities with original maturities over 90 days. The Company classifies its corporate debt and U.S. treasury securities as trading and measures them at fair value in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Unrealized holding gains and losses for trading securities are included in Other operating expenses in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income.

Allowance for Credit Losses

The allowance for credit losses on accounts receivable and unbilled work in progress reflects management’s best estimate of expected losses using the Company's internal current expected credit losses model. This model analyzes expected losses based on relevant information about historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts that could potentially affect the collectibility of the reported amounts. This is recorded through provision for bad debts, which is included in Other operating expenses in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income. Amounts deemed to be uncollectible are written off against the allowance for credit losses.

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment are stated at cost. Repair and maintenance charges are expensed as incurred and costs of renewals or improvements are capitalized at cost. Depreciation on furniture and office equipment is recognized on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of the respective assets.

Income Taxes

The Company files consolidated federal income tax returns, as well as consolidated and separate returns in state and local jurisdictions, and the Company reports income tax expense on this basis.

We account for income taxes in accordance with ASC Topic 740, Income Taxes, which requires the recognition of tax benefits or expenses on temporary differences between the financial reporting and tax basis of our assets and liabilities. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial reporting basis and the tax basis of the Company’s assets and liabilities. The measurement of the deferred items is based on enacted tax laws and applicable tax rates. A valuation allowance related to a deferred tax asset is recorded if it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax asset will not be realized.

The Company utilized a comprehensive model to recognize, measure, present, and disclose in its financial statements any uncertain tax positions that have been taken or are expected to be taken on a tax return. The impact of an uncertain tax position that is more likely than not of being sustained upon audit by the relevant taxing authority must be recognized at the largest amount that is more likely than not to be sustained. No portion of an uncertain tax position will be recognized if the position has less than a 50% likelihood of being sustained. Interest expense and penalties related to income taxes are included in the provision for income taxes in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income.

The Global Intangible Low-Taxed Income tax (“GILTI inclusion”) can be recognized in the financial statements through an accounting policy election by either recording a period cost (permanent item) or providing deferred income taxes stemming from certain basis differences that are expected to result in GILTI inclusion. The Company has elected to account for the tax impacts of the GILTI inclusion as a period cost.

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HOULIHAN LOKEY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

(In thousands, except share data or as otherwise stated)

Leases

We assess whether an arrangement is or contains a lease at the inception of the agreement. Right-of-use ("ROU") assets represent our right to use underlying assets for the lease term and lease liabilities represent our obligation to make lease payments arising from leases. ROU assets and lease liabilities are recognized at the commencement date based on the present value of future lease payments over the lease terms utilizing the discount rate implicit in the leases. If the discount rate implicit in the leases is not readily determinable, the present value of future lease payments is calculated utilizing the Company’s incremental borrowing rate, which approximates the interest that the Company would have to pay on a secured loan. The Company elected to utilize a portfolio approach and applies the rates to a portfolio of leases with similar terms and economic environments. The terms of our leases used to determine the ROU asset and lease liability account for options to extend when it is reasonably certain that we will exercise those options, if applicable. ROU assets and lease liabilities are subject to adjustment in the event of modification to lease terms, changes in probability that an option to extend or terminate a lease would be exercised and other factors. In addition, ROU assets are periodically reviewed for impairment.

Lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease terms. Lease expense includes amortization of the ROU assets and accretion of the lease liabilities. Amortization of ROU assets is calculated as the periodic lease cost less accretion of the lease liability. The amortized period for ROU assets is limited to the expected lease term.

The Company has elected a practical expedient to combine the lease and non-lease components into a single lease component. The Company also elected the short-term lease measurement and recognition exemption and does not establish ROU assets or lease liabilities for operating leases with terms of 12 months or less.

Goodwill and Intangible Assets

Goodwill represents an acquired company’s acquisition cost over the fair value of acquired net tangible and intangible assets. Goodwill is the net asset representing the future economic benefits arising from other assets acquired in a business combination that are not individually identified and separately recognized. Intangible assets identified and accounted for include tradenames and marks, backlog, developed technologies, and customer relationships. Those intangible assets with finite lives, including backlog and customer relationships, are amortized over their estimated useful lives.

Goodwill is reviewed annually during the fourth quarter for impairment and more frequently if potential impairment indicators exist. Goodwill is reviewed for impairment in accordance with ASC Topic 350, Intangibles – Goodwill and Other, as amended by Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") No. 2017-04, Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment, which permits management to perform a qualitative analysis to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its corresponding carrying value. If management determines the reporting unit's fair value is more likely than not less than its carrying value, a quantitative analysis will be performed to compare the fair value of the reporting unit with its corresponding carrying value. If the conclusion of the quantitative analysis is that the fair value is in fact less than the carrying value, management will recognize a goodwill impairment charge for the amount by which the reporting unit’s carrying value exceeds its fair value. Impairment testing of goodwill requires a significant amount of judgment in assessing both qualitative factors and if necessary, quantitative factors used to estimate the fair value of the reporting unit. As of March 31, 2023, management concluded that it was not more likely than not that the Company’s reporting units’ fair value was less than their carrying amount and no further quantitative impairment testing had been considered necessary.

Indefinite-lived intangible assets are reviewed annually for impairment in accordance with ASU 2012-02, Testing Indefinite-lived Intangible Assets for Impairment, which provides management the option to perform a qualitative assessment. If it is more likely than not that the asset is impaired, the amount that the carrying value exceeds the fair value is recorded as an impairment expense. As of March 31, 2023, management concluded that it was not more likely than not that the fair values were less than the carrying values.

Intangible assets subject to amortization are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. If circumstances require a long-lived asset or asset group (inclusive of other long-lived assets) be tested for possible impairment, management first compares undiscounted cash flows expected to be generated by that asset or asset group to its carrying amount. If the carrying amount of the long-lived asset or asset group is not recoverable on an undiscounted cash flow basis, an impairment is recognized to the extent that the carrying amount exceeds its fair value. Fair value is determined through various valuation techniques including discounted cash flow models, quoted market values and third-party independent appraisals, as considered necessary. As of March 31, 2023, no events or changes in circumstances were identified that indicated that the carrying amount of the finite-lived intangible assets were not recoverable.

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HOULIHAN LOKEY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

(In thousands, except share data or as otherwise stated)

Business Combinations

We allocate the purchase consideration to the tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their estimated fair value as of the acquisition date, with the excess consideration recognized as goodwill. Critical estimates in valuing certain intangible assets include, but are not limited to, future expected cash flows, expected asset lives, geographic risk premiums, discount rates, and more. The amounts and useful lives assigned to acquisition-related intangible assets impact the amount and timing of future amortization expense.

Note 3 — Revenue Recognition

Disaggregation of Revenues

The Company has disclosed disaggregated revenues based on its business segment and geographical area, which provides a reasonable representation of how the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows are affected by economic factors. See Note 18 for additional information.

Contract Balances

The timing of revenue recognition may differ from the timing of payment by customers. The Company records a receivable when revenue is recognized prior to payment and there is an unconditional right to payment. Alternatively, when payment precedes the provision of the related services, the Company records deferred income (contract liability) until the performance obligations are satisfied.

Costs incurred in fulfilling advisory contracts with point-in-time revenue recognition are recorded as a contract asset when the costs (i) relate directly to a contract, (ii) generate or enhance resources of the Company that will be used in satisfying performance obligations, and (iii) are expected to be recovered. The Company amortizes the contract asset costs related to fulfilling a contract based on recognition of fee revenues for the corresponding contract.

Costs incurred in fulfilling an advisory contract with over-time revenue recognition are expensed as incurred.

The change in the Company’s contract assets and liabilities during the period primarily reflects the timing difference between the Company’s performance and the customer’s payment. The following table provides information about receivables, contract assets, and contract liabilities from contracts with customers:

Unbilled work in progress, net of allowance for credit losses 115,045 104,751

(1)Included within Accounts receivable, net of allowance for credit losses in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

(2)Included within Deferred income in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

During the years ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, $16.8 million and $19.7 million of revenues, respectively, were recognized that were included in the Deferred income balance at the beginning of the period.

As a practical expedient, the Company does not disclose information about remaining performance obligations pertaining to (i) contracts that have an original expected duration of one year or less and/or (ii) contracts where the variable consideration is allocated entirely to a wholly unsatisfied promise to transfer a distinct service that is or forms part of a single performance obligation. The transaction price allocated to remaining unsatisfied or partially unsatisfied performance obligations with an original expected duration exceeding one year was not material at March 31, 2023.

Note 4 — Related Party Transactions

The Company has historically provided financial advisory services to its affiliates and certain other related parties, and received fees for these services totaling approximately $284, $0, and $2,875 during the years ended March 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively.

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HOULIHAN LOKEY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

(In thousands, except share data or as otherwise stated)

Other assets in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets includes loans receivable from certain employees of $28,869 and $17,100 as of March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Note 5 — Fair Value Measurements

The following table presents information about the Company's financial assets, and indicate the fair value hierarchy of the valuation techniques utilized by the Company to determine such fair values:

Level I Level II Level III Total

Corporate debt securities $ — $ 23,617 $ — $ 23,617

Certificates of deposit — 518 — 518

Level I Level II Level III Total

Corporate debt securities $ — $ 87,074 $ — $ 87,074

Certificates of deposit — 516 — 516

Total asset measured at fair value (1) $ — $ 105,252 $ — $ 105,252

(1) Included within Investment securities in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

The Company had no transfers between fair value levels during the years ended March 31, 2023 and March 31, 2022.

Note 6 — Investment Securities

The amortized cost and gross unrealized gains (losses) of marketable investment securities accounted under the fair value method were as follows:

Amortized Cost Gross Unrealized Gains Gross Unrealized (Losses) Fair Value

Certificates of deposit 518 — — 518

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HOULIHAN LOKEY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

(In thousands, except share data or as otherwise stated)

Amortized Cost Gross Unrealized Gains Gross Unrealized (Losses) Fair Value (1)

Certificates of deposit 516 — — 516

(1)Included within Investment securities in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Scheduled maturities of the securities held by the Company included within the investment securities portfolio were as follows:

Amortized Cost Estimated Fair Value Amortized Cost Estimated Fair Value

Note 7 — Allowance for Credit Losses

The following table presents information about the Company's allowance for credit losses:

Recovery/(write-off) of uncollectible accounts, net (5,308) (2,226)

Note 8 — Property and Equipment

Property and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation consists of the following:

Additions to property and equipment during the years ended March 31, 2023 and March 31, 2022 were primarily related to leasehold improvement costs incurred.

Depreciation expense of $13,250, $14,600, and $11,068 was recognized during the years ended March 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively.

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HOULIHAN LOKEY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

(In thousands, except share data or as otherwise stated)

Note 9 — Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

The following table provides a reconciliation of Goodwill and other intangibles, net reported on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Amortization expense of approximately $44,971, $33,937, and $4,161 was recognized for finite-lived intangible assets for the years ended March 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively.

The estimated future amortization for finite-lived intangible assets for each of the next five years and thereafter are as follows:

Year Ended March 31,

2028 and thereafter —

Goodwill attributable to the Company’s business segments is as follows:

(1)Changes pertain primarily to the acquisition of Oakley Advisory Limited.

Note 10 — Loans Payable

On August 23, 2019, the Company entered into a syndicated revolving line of credit with Bank of America, N.A. and certain other financial institutions party thereto, which was amended by the First Amendment to Credit Agreement dated as of August 2, 2022 (the "HLI Line of Credit"), which allows for borrowings of up to $100.0 million (and, subject to certain conditions, provides the Company with an uncommitted expansion option, which, if exercised in full, would provide for a total credit facility of $200.0 million) and matures on August 23, 2025 (or if such date is not a business day, the immediately preceding business day). Borrowings under the HLI Line of Credit bear interest at a floating rate, which can be either, at the Company's option, (i) Term Secured Overnight Financing Rate ("SOFR") plus a 0.10% SOFR adjustment plus a 1.00% margin or (ii) base rate, which is the highest of (a) the Federal Funds Rate plus one-half of one percent (0.50%), (b) the rate of interest in effect for such day as publicly announced from time to time by Bank of America as its “prime rate,” and (c) Term SOFR plus a 0.10% SOFR adjustment. Commitment fees apply to unused amounts, and the HLI Line of Credit contains debt covenants which require that the Company maintain certain financial ratios. As of March 31, 2023 and 2022, no principal was outstanding under the HLI Line of Credit.

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HOULIHAN LOKEY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

(In thousands, except share data or as otherwise stated)

In April 2018, the Company acquired Quayle Munro Limited. Total consideration included non-interest bearing unsecured convertible loans totaling GBP10.5 million payable on May 31, 2022, which was extinguished during the three months ended June 30, 2022. The Company incurred imputed interest expense on these notes of $22, $162, and $288 for the years ended March 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively.

In May 2018, the Company acquired BearTooth Advisors. Total consideration included an unsecured note of $2.8 million bearing interest at an annual rate of 2.88% and payable on May 21, 2048. This note was subsequently assigned by the seller to the former BearTooth principals (who became employees of the Company), and, under certain circumstances, is convertible into Company Class B common stock after the fifth anniversary of the closing of the transaction. The Company incurred interest expense on this note of $18, $105, and $105 for the years ended March 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively.

In December 2019, the Company acquired Freeman & Co. Total consideration included an unsecured note of $4.0 million bearing interest at an annual rate of 2.75% and payable on December 16, 2049. The note issued by the Company to the seller was distributed to the former principals of Freeman & Co. (who became employees of the Company). Under certain circumstances, the note may be exchanged by each principal for Company Class B common stock over a four-year period in equal annual installments starting in December, 2020. The Company incurred interest expense on this note of $81, $79, and $103 for the years ended March 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively.

In August 2020, the Company acquired MVP Capital, LLC ("MVP"). Total consideration included an unsecured non-interest bearing note of $4.5 million payable August 14, 2050. The note was issued by the Company to the former principals and sellers of MVP (who became employees of the Company). Under certain circumstances, the note may be exchanged by each seller for a combination of cash and Company Class B common stock over a three-year period in equal annual installments starting in August 2021. Contingent consideration was also issued in connection with the acquisition of MVP, which had a fair value of $12.9 million and $20.3 million as of March 31, 2023 and March 31, 2022, respectively, which is included in Other liabilities in our Consolidated Balance Sheets.

In July 2021, the Company acquired Baylor Klein, Ltd ("BK"). Contingent consideration was issued in connection with the acquisition of BK, which had a fair value of $18.1 million and $17.6 million as of March 31, 2023 and March 31, 2022, respectively, which is included in Other Liabilities in our Consolidated Balance Sheet.

Note 11 — Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss)

Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) is comprised of Foreign currency translation adjustments of $(19,467) and $(23,171) for the years ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. We do not expect the change in foreign currency translation to have a material impact on our operating results and financial position.

Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) as of March 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021, was comprised of the following:

Total

Foreign currency translation adjustments (23,171)

Foreign currency translation adjustments (19,467)

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HOULIHAN LOKEY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

(In thousands, except share data or as otherwise stated)

Note 12 — Income Taxes

The Company’s provision for income taxes was $69,777, $165,614, and $96,457, for the years ended March 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively. This represents effective tax rates of 21.5%, 27.4%, and 23.6% for the years ended March 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively.

The provision (benefit) for income taxes on operations for the years ended March 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021 is comprised of the following approximate values:

Year Ended March 31,

Current:

Deferred:

The provision for income taxes on operations for the years ended March 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021 is reconciled to the income taxes computed at the statutory federal income tax rate (computed by applying the federal corporate rate of 21% to consolidated operating income before provision for income taxes) as follows:

Year Ended March 31,

Uncertain tax positions, true-up items, and other (11,184) (3.5) % 6 — % 24 — %

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HOULIHAN LOKEY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

(In thousands, except share data or as otherwise stated)

Deferred income taxes arise principally from temporary differences between book and tax recognition of income, expenses, and losses relating to financing and other transactions. The deferred income taxes on the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2023 and March 31, 2022, comprise the following:

Deferred tax assets:

Deferred compensation expense/accrued bonus $ 115,584 $ 126,249

Accounts receivable and work in progress 9,978 6,814

Deferred tax asset valuation allowance (3,376) (9,234)

Deferred tax liabilities:

Operating lease right-of-use assets (72,218) (21,907)

The Company has various state and foreign net operating losses totaling $41,720. If not utilized, the state net operating loss carryforwards will begin to expire in five years and foreign net operating loss carryforwards will begin to expire in nine years, although in certain jurisdictions these attributes do not expire. A valuation allowance is required when it is more likely than not that some portion of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The Company has determined that deferred tax assets related to US foreign tax credits and certain foreign deferred tax assets are not likely to be realized. The Company’s credit carryforwards as of March 31, 2023 were primarily driven as a result of U.S. Tax Reform. The Company assessed the realizability of these foreign tax credits based on currently enacted and proposed legislation issued by the U.S. Department of Treasury and the Internal Revenue Service, and recorded a full valuation allowance of $2,443 and $2,400 against these assets for March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The Company does not expect to utilize these foreign tax credits in the future as the Company does not currently project future foreign source income. These foreign tax credits will expire in various years through 2030. In addition, certain deferred tax assets related to tax deductible goodwill from previous acquisitions and net operating losses generated from these deductions were not more likely than not realizable; therefore, the Company maintained valuation allowances for March 31, 2023 and 2022 of $933 and $6,834, respectively. The change in the total valuation allowance was a decrease of $5,858 and a decrease of $549 during the years ended March 31, 2023 and March 31, 2022, respectively.

The Company has historically considered the undistributed earnings of its foreign subsidiaries to be indefinitely reinvested, and, accordingly, no taxes were provided on such earnings prior to the fourth quarter of fiscal 2021. In the first quarter of fiscal 2022, we identified $97,000 of cash in certain foreign jurisdictions in excess of current working capital needs and repatriated the full amount. With the exception of this one-time distribution of historic earnings, the assertion that all undistributed earnings of foreign subsidiaries should be considered indefinitely reinvested remains. Deferred taxes recorded for the distribution were not significant.

We continue to expect that the remaining balance of our undistributed foreign earnings will be indefinitely reinvested. If we determine that all or a portion of such foreign earnings are no longer indefinitely reinvested, we may be subject to additional foreign withholding taxes and U.S. state income taxes. Determination of the amount of unrecognized deferred tax liability on these unremitted earnings is not practicable.

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HOULIHAN LOKEY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

(In thousands, except share data or as otherwise stated)

As of March 31, 2023 and March 31, 2022, the Company had recorded liabilities for interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions in the amounts of $1,023 and $1,228, respectively. Unrecognized tax positions totaled $14,825 and $18,654 as of March 31, 2023 and March 31, 2022, respectively. If the income tax impacts from these tax positions are ultimately realized, such realization would affect the income tax provision and effective tax rate.

A reconciliation of the unrecognized tax position as of March 31, 2023 and March 31, 2022 is as follows:

Unrecognized tax position at the beginning of the year $ 18,654 $ 14,666

Increase related to prior year tax positions 4,102 10,054

Decrease related to prior year tax positions (7,931) (6,395)

Increase related to tax positions taken in the current year — 329

Unrecognized tax position at the end of the year $ 14,825 $ 18,654

The Company believes that it is reasonably possible that a decrease of up to $4.1 million in gross unrecognized income tax positions for federal and state items may be necessary within the next 12 months. For the remaining uncertain income tax positions, it is difficult at this time to estimate the timing of the resolution.

The Company files consolidated federal income tax returns, as well as consolidated and separate returns in state and local jurisdictions. As of March 31, 2023, all of the federal income tax returns filed since 2020 by the Company are still subject to adjustment upon audit. The Company also files combined and separate income tax returns in many states, which are also open to adjustment. The Company is currently under New York City audit for the years ended March 31, 2016, March 31, 2017, and March 31, 2018.

Note 13 — Earnings Per Share

The calculations of basic and diluted earnings per share attributable to holders of shares of common stock are presented below.

Year Ended March 31,

Numerator:

Denominator:

Diluted earnings per share $ 3.76 $ 6.41 $ 4.55

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HOULIHAN LOKEY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

(In thousands, except share data or as otherwise stated)

Note 14 — Employee Benefit Plans

Defined Contribution Plans

The Company sponsors a 401(k) defined contribution savings plan for its domestic employees and defined contribution retirement plans for its international employees. The Company contributed $10,640, $5,294, and $4,519 to these plans during the years ended March 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively.

Share-Based Incentive Plans

Following the IPO, additional awards of restricted shares and restricted stock units have been and will be made under the Amended and Restated Houlihan Lokey, Inc. 2016 Incentive Award Plan (the "2016 Incentive Plan"), which became effective in August 2015 and was amended in October 2017. Under the 2016 Incentive Plan, it is anticipated that the Company will continue to grant cash and equity-based incentive awards to eligible service providers in order to attract, motivate, and retain the talent necessary to operate the Company's business. Equity-based incentive awards issued under the 2016 Incentive Plan generally vest over a four-year period. Restricted shares of Class A common stock were granted under the 2016 Incentive Plan to (i) four independent directors in the first quarter of fiscal 2021 at $60.60 per share, (iv) two independent directors in the third quarter of fiscal 2021 at $63.01 per share, (iii) six independent directors in the first quarter of fiscal 2022 at $73.19 per share, and (iv) six independent directors in the first quarter of fiscal 2023 at $84.55.

An excess tax benefit of $8,044 and $7,421 was recognized during the years ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, as a component of the provision for income taxes and an operating activity on the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. The Company recorded cash outflows of $(42,283), $(33,741), and $(17,810) related to the settlement of share-based awards in satisfaction of withholding tax requirements in financing activities on the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended March 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively.

We recognize compensation expense for all stock-based awards, including restricted stock and restricted stock units ("RSU"s), based on the estimate of fair value of the award at the grant date. The fair value of each restricted stock and RSU award is measured based on the closing stock price of our common stock on the date of grant. We account for forfeitures as they occur. The compensation expense is recognized using a straight-line basis over the requisite service periods of the awards, which is four years.

The share awards are classified as equity awards at the time of grant unless the number of shares granted is unknown. Awards that are settleable in shares based upon a future determinable stock price are classified as liabilities until the price is established and the resulting number of shares is known, at which time they are re-classified from liabilities to equity awards. Activity in equity classified share awards that relate to the Company's 2006 Incentive Award Plan (the "2006 Incentive Plan") and the 2016 Incentive Plan during the years ended March 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021, is as follows:

Unvested Share Awards Shares Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value

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HOULIHAN LOKEY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

(In thousands, except share data or as otherwise stated)

Activity in liability classified share awards during the years ended March 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021 is as follows:

Awards Settleable in Shares Fair Value

Share price determined-converted to cash payments (249)

Share price determined-transferred to equity grants (1) (7,223)

Share price determined-converted to cash payments (2,676)

Share price determined-transferred to equity grants (1) (4,269)

Forfeited —

Share price determined-converted to cash payments (2,664)

Share price determined-transferred to equity grants (1) (3,411)

(1)46,430, 57,721, and 121,075 shares for the years ended March 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively.

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HOULIHAN LOKEY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

(In thousands, except share data or as otherwise stated)

The following table summarizes the activity of our RSUs for the years ended March 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020, respectively.

Restricted Stock Units RSUs Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value

Compensation expenses for the Company associated with both equity and liability classified awards totaled $156,936, $91,875, and $62,421 for the years ended March 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively. As of March 31, 2023 and March 31, 2022 there was $367,607 and $308,144, respectively, of total unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested share awards granted under the 2016 Incentive Plan. These costs are recognized over a weighted average period of 2.3 years and 1.7 years, as of March 31, 2023 and March 31, 2022, respectively.

On October 19, 2017, our board of directors approved an amendment (the “Amendment”) to the 2016 Incentive Plan reducing the number of shares of common stock available for issuance under the 2016 Incentive Plan by approximately 12.2 million shares. Under the Amendment, the aggregate number of shares of common stock that are available for issuance under awards granted pursuant to the 2016 Incentive Plan is equal to the sum of (i) 8.0 million and (ii) any shares of our Class B common stock that are subject to awards under our 2006 Incentive Plan that terminate, expire or lapse for any reason after October 19, 2017.

The number of shares available for issuance increased annually beginning on April 1, 2018 and ending on April 1, 2025, by an amount equal to the lowest of:

•6,540,659 shares of our Class A common stock and Class B common stock;

•Six percent of the shares of Class A common stock and Class B common stock outstanding on the final day of the immediately preceding fiscal year; and

•such smaller number of shares as determined by our board of directors.

On April 28, 2022, our board of directors approved the registration of an additional 10,000,000 shares of Class A Common Stock and 10,000,000 shares of Class B Common Stock to be issued pursuant to the 2016 Incentive Plan.

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HOULIHAN LOKEY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

(In thousands, except share data or as otherwise stated)

Note 15 — Stockholders' Equity

There are two classes of authorized HL, Inc. common stock: Class A common stock and Class B common stock. The rights of the holders of Class A common stock and Class B common stock are identical, except with respect to voting and conversion rights. Each share of Class A common stock is entitled to one vote per share, and each share of Class B common stock is entitled to ten votes per share. Each share of Class B common stock may be converted into one share of Class A common stock at the option of its holder and will be automatically converted into one share of Class A common stock upon transfer thereof, subject to certain exceptions.

On May 20, 2020, the Company completed an underwritten public offering of 3,000,000 shares of its Class A common stock. The offering generated net proceeds for the Company of approximately $188.7 million after deducting the underwriting discount and estimated offering expenses payable by us.

Class A common stock

During the year ended March 31, 2023, the Company issued 6,739 shares to non-employee directors, and 1,455,908 shares were converted from Class B to Class A. During the year ended March 31, 2022, the Company issued 6,512 shares to non-employee directors, and 1,874,009 shares were converted from Class B to Class A. As of March 31, 2023, there were 50,580,598 Class A shares held by the public and 58,326 Class A shares held by non-employee directors. As of March 31, 2022, there were 49,801,577 Class A shares held by the public and 51,987 Class A shares held by non-employee directors.

Class B common stock

As of March 31, 2023, there were 18,048,345 Class B shares held by the HL Voting Trust. As of March 31, 2022, there were 17,649,555 Class B shares held by the HL Voting Trust.

Dividends

Previously declared dividends related to unvested shares of $18,608 and $9,312 were unpaid as of March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Stock subscriptions receivable

Employees of the Company periodically issued notes receivable to the Company documenting loans made by the Company to such employees for the purchase of restricted shares of the Company.

Share repurchases

In April 2022, the board of directors authorized an increase to the existing July 2021 share repurchase program, which provides for share repurchases of a new aggregate amount of up to $500.0 million of the Company's Class A common stock and Class B common stock. As of March 31, 2023, shares with a value of $482.7 million remained available for purchase under the program.

During the years ended March 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021, the Company repurchased 507,511, 455,402, and 286,730 shares, respectively, of Class B common stock, to satisfy $42,283, $33,700, and $17,810 of required withholding taxes in connection with the vesting of restricted awards, respectively. During the years ended March 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021, the Company repurchased an additional 677,287, 3,272,399, and 1,591,995 shares of its outstanding common stock, respectively, at a weighted average price of $85.74, $94.35, and $64.18 per share, excluding commissions, for an aggregate purchase price of $58,073, $308,746, and $102,173, respectively.

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HOULIHAN LOKEY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

(In thousands, except share data or as otherwise stated)

Note 16 — Leases

Lessee Arrangements

Operating Leases

We lease real estate and equipment used in operations from third parties. As of March 31, 2023, the remaining term of our operating leases ranged from 1 to 17 years with various automatic extensions.

The following table outlines the maturity of our existing operating lease liabilities on a fiscal year-end basis as of March 31, 2023.

Maturity of Operating Leases

Operating Leases

Less: present value discount (131,924)

Operating lease liabilities $ 374,869

As of March 31, 2023, the Company entered into an operating lease for additional office space that has not yet commenced, for approximately $6.3 million. This operating lease will commence during fiscal year 2024 with a lease term of 10 years.

Lease costs

Short-term lease expense 182 214

Less: Sublease income (390) (18)

(1)Primarily consists of payments for property taxes, common area maintenance and usage based operating costs.

Weighted-average details

Weighted-average remaining lease term (years) 12 9

Weighted-average discount rate 4.7 % 3.4 %

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HOULIHAN LOKEY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

(In thousands, except share data or as otherwise stated)

Supplemental cash flow information related to leases:

Operating cash flows:

Non-cash activity:

Note 17 — Commitments and Contingencies

The Company has been named in various legal actions arising in the normal course of business. In the opinion of the Company, in consultation with legal counsel, the final resolutions of these matters are not expected to have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial condition, operations and cash flows. Our obligation under the loan payable to affiliate is subordinated to our obligations under the 2019 Line of Credit. The Company also provides routine indemnifications relating to certain real estate (office) lease agreements under which it may be required to indemnify property owners for claims and other liabilities arising from the Company’s use of the applicable premises. In addition, the Company guarantees the performance of its subsidiaries under certain office lease agreements. The terms of these obligations vary, and because a maximum obligation is not explicitly stated, the Company has determined that it is not possible to make an estimate of the maximum amount that it could be obligated to pay under such contracts. Based on historical experience and evaluation of specific indemnities, management believes that judgments, if any, against the Company related to such matters are not likely to have a material effect on the consolidated financial statements. Accordingly, the Company has not recorded any liability for these obligations as of March 31, 2023 or March 31, 2022.

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HOULIHAN LOKEY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

(In thousands, except share data or as otherwise stated)

Note 18 — Segment and Geographical Information

The Company’s reportable segments are described in Note 1 and each are individually managed and provide separate services that require specialized expertise for the provision of those services. Revenues by segment represent fees earned on the various services offered within each segment. Segment profit consists of segment revenues, less (1) direct expenses including compensation, travel, meals and entertainment, professional fees, and bad debt and (2) expenses allocated by headcount such as communications, rent, depreciation and amortization, and office expense. The corporate expense category includes costs not allocated to individual segments, including charges related to incentive compensation and share-based payments to corporate employees, as well as expenses of senior management and corporate departmental functions managed on a worldwide basis, including office of the executives, accounting, human capital, marketing, information technology, and legal and compliance. The following tables present information about revenues, profit and assets by segment and geography.

Year Ended March 31,

Revenues by segment:

Segment profit (1)

(1)We adjust the compensation expense for a business segment in situations where an employee residing in one business segment is performing work in another business segment where the revenues are accrued. Segment profit may vary significantly between periods depending on the levels of collaboration among the different segments.

Assets by segment

Year Ended March 31,

Income before provision for income taxes by geography

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

(In thousands, except share data or as otherwise stated)

Year Ended March 31,

HLI US Equity

HLI · 10-K · period ended 2023-03-31

Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Item 7A.Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

Item 8.Financial Statements

HLI US Equity☆

HLI · 10-K · period ended 2023-03-31

Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Item 7A.Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

Item 8.Financial Statements

HLI US Equity