gme-20250201
UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
Form 10-K
☒ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the fiscal year ended February 1, 2025
OR
☐TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
Commission File No. 1-32637
GameStop Corp.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its Charter)
Grapevine, Texas
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (817) 424-2000
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each class Trading symbol Name of each exchange on which registered
Class A Common Stock GME NYSE
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☐No☒
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Act. Yes ☐No☒
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes☒No☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes☒ No☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management's assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 762(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. ☒
If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant’s executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to § 240.10D-1(b). ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes☐ No ☒
The aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting Class A Common Stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant as of August 2, 2024 was approximately $8.2 billion, based upon the closing market price of $21.07 per share of Class A Common Stock on the New York Stock Exchange. (For purposes of this calculation all of the registrant's directors and officers are deemed affiliates of the registrant.)
Number of shares of $.001 par value Class A Common Stock outstanding as of March 19, 2025: 447,083,981
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
Portions of the definitive proxy statement of the registrant to be filed pursuant to Regulation 14A under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, for the 2025 Annual Meeting of Stockholders are incorporated by reference into Part III of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
PART I
Item 1. Business 1
Item 1A. Risk Factors 7
Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments 17
Item 1C. Cybersecurity 17
Item 2. Properties 19
Item 3. Legal Proceedings 19
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures 19
PART II
Item 6. Reserved 21
Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk 30
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data 31
Item 9A. Controls and Procedures 62
Item 9B. Other Information 65
Item 9C. Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions That Prevent Inspections 65
PART III
Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance 66
Item 11. Executive Compensation 66
Item 14. Principal Accountant Fees and Services 66
PART IV
Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedule 67
SIGNATURES 70
Disclosure Regarding Forward-looking Statements
This Annual Report on Form 10-K (“Form 10-K”) contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). In some cases, forward-looking statements can be identified by the use of terms such as “anticipates,” “believes,” “continues,” “could,” “estimates,” “expects,” “intends,” “may,” “plans,” “potential,” “predicts,” “pro forma,” “seeks,” “should,” “will” or similar expressions. These statements are only predictions based on current expectations and assumptions and involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause our or our industry’s actual results, levels of activity, performance or achievements to be materially different from any future results, levels of activity, performance or achievements expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. All forward-looking statements included in this Form 10-K are based upon information available to us as of the filing date of this Form 10-K, and we undertake no obligation to update or revise any of these forward-looking statements for any reason, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise after the date of this Form 10-K, except as required by law. You should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements. The forward-looking statements involve a number of risks and uncertainties. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in our forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot guarantee future results, levels of activity, performance or achievements. A number of factors could cause our actual results, performance, achievements or industry results to be materially different from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. Factors that might cause such differences include, but are not limited to, those discussed in Part I, Item 1A of this Form 10-K under the heading “Risk Factors,” which are incorporated herein by reference. You should carefully consider the risks and uncertainties described in this Form 10-K.
PART I
ITEM 1. BUSINESS
General
GameStop Corp. (“GameStop,” “we,” “us,” “our,” or the “Company”) offers games and entertainment products through its stores and ecommerce platforms.
Our fiscal year is composed of the 52 or 53 weeks ending on the Saturday closest to the last day of January. Fiscal year 2024 consisted of the 52 weeks ended on February 1, 2025 ("fiscal 2024"). Fiscal year 2023 consisted of the 53 weeks ended on February 3, 2024 ("fiscal 2023") and fiscal year 2022 consisted of the 52 weeks ended on January 28, 2023 ("fiscal 2022").
Reportable Segments
We operate in four geographic segments: United States, Canada, Australia and Europe. We identified segments based on a combination of geographic areas, which is the basis of how we manage the organization and analyze performance. Our Australia geographic segment includes operations in New Zealand for reporting. Our sales and profits are driven through both our physical stores and ecommerce platforms. Each segment consists primarily of retail operations, with the significant majority focused on games, entertainment products and technology. These products are substantially the same regardless of geographic location, with the primary differences in merchandise carried being the timing of the release of new products in the various segments.
As of February 1, 2025, we had a total of 3,203 stores across all of our segments: 2,325 in the United States, 193 in Canada, 374 in Australia, and 311 in Europe. Our stores and ecommerce sites operate primarily under the names GameStop®, EB Games® and Micromania®.
Our Australia and Europe segments also include 38 pop culture themed stores selling collectibles, apparel, gadgets, electronics, toys and other retail products for technology enthusiasts and general consumers in international markets operating under the Zing Pop Culture® brand.
Financial information about our segments is included in Part II, Item 7, Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, and Part II, Item 8, Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, Note 5, "Segment Information," of this Form 10-K.
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Merchandise
We categorize our sale of products as follows:
•Hardware and accessories. We offer new and pre-owned gaming platforms from the major console manufacturers. The current generation of consoles include the Sony PlayStation 5, Microsoft Xbox Series X, and Nintendo Switch. Accessories consist primarily of controllers and gaming headsets.
•Software. We offer new and pre-owned gaming software for current and certain prior generation consoles. We also sell a wide variety of in-game digital currency, digital downloadable content and full-game downloads.
•Collectibles. Collectibles consist of apparel, toys, trading cards, gadgets and other retail products for pop culture and technology enthusiasts. Collectibles also included our digital asset wallet and NFT marketplace activities in fiscal 2023, however, both activities were wound down in the fourth quarter of 2023.
Trade-In Program
We provide our customers with an opportunity to trade-in their pre-owned gaming, mobility and other products at our stores in exchange for cash or credit, which can be applied towards the purchase of other products. This process drives higher market share and offers a broader range of price points for our customers. Our trade-in program provides customers a means to unlock value and recycle used product, which enables us to offer previous generation platforms and related games. We operate refurbishment centers in the United States, Canada, Australia and Europe, where used gaming, mobility and other products can be tested, repaired, sanitized, repackaged and redistributed for sale.
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Store Locations
Our retail stores are generally located in strip centers, shopping malls and pedestrian areas. These locations provide easy access and high frequency of visits and, in the case of strip centers and high-traffic pedestrian stores, high visibility. We target strip centers that are conveniently located, have a mass merchant or supermarket anchor tenant and have a high volume of customers. As of February 1, 2025, we offered games and entertainment products in 3,203 stores worldwide as more specifically set forth below:
Domestic Locations. The table below sets forth the number and locations of our domestic stores included in the United States segment.
Alabama 37 Louisiana 46 Ohio 97
Alaska 4 Maine 7 Oklahoma 27
Arizona 54 Maryland 42 Oregon 28
Arkansas 17 Massachusetts 36 Pennsylvania 102
California 202 Michigan 62 Rhode Island 6
Colorado 37 Minnesota 26 South Carolina 49
Connecticut 20 Mississippi 27 South Dakota 4
Delaware 11 Missouri 45 Tennessee 60
Georgia 84 Nebraska 9 Utah 20
Hawaii 8 Nevada 27 Vermont 3
Idaho 14 New Hampshire 16 Virginia 71
Illinois 73 New Jersey 54 Washington 52
Indiana 55 New Mexico 18 West Virginia 19
Kansas 21 North Carolina 102 Wyoming 4
Kentucky 51 North Dakota 7
Total Domestic Stores 2,325
International Locations. The table below sets forth the number and locations of our international stores included in our segments in Canada, Australia, and Europe.
Numberof Stores
New Zealand 38
Total Stores - Australia 374
Total International Stores 878
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Business Strategy
Our strategy involves (i) using our cash and other sources of liquidity to maximize shareholder value, including through potential investment and/or acquisition opportunities and (ii) optimizing our retail business to achieve profitability.
Investment Policy
On March 18, 2025, the Board of Directors of the Company (the "Board") unanimously authorized a revised investment policy (the “Investment Policy”). In accordance with the revised Investment Policy, the Board has delegated authority to manage the Company’s portfolio of securities investments to an Investment Committee of the Board (the "Investment Committee") consisting of the Company’s Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer, Ryan Cohen, and two independent members of the Board, together with such personnel and advisors as the Investment Committee may choose. The Investment Committee regularly reviews risks related to the Company's investment portfolio, including concentration risk. When allocating cash to various investment opportunities and considering related investment risk, the Investment Committee considers market-based factors, including risk adjusted after-tax yields. When reviewing concentration risk, the Investment Committee considers the liquidity needs of the Company, among other things.
Investments are made in accordance with the guidelines in the Investment Policy that is reviewed at least annually, with oversight conducted by senior officers and the Investment Committee.
The overall goals of the Investment Policy are to provide sufficient liquidity to meet the day-to-day financial obligations of the Company, and to optimize investment returns within the guidelines of the Investment Policy. Permissible investment instruments include cash and cash equivalents (e.g. bank obligations, money market funds, and commercial paper), fixed income securities (e.g. obligations of the U.S. Treasury and U.S. Government, tax exempt obligations of states and municipalities, and corporate bonds/notes), equity securities (limited to those listed on the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”), NYSE American, NYSE Arca or the Nasdaq Stock Market and in compliance with the listing standards of the applicable exchange) and certain crypto-currencies, including Bitcoin. Individual exceptions to the Investment Policy may only be made by the unanimous agreement of the Investment Committee or, if the Investment Committee is unable to reach unanimous agreement on such exception, by the Board.
On March 25, 2025 we announced that, as part of our revisions to the Investment Policy, the Board approved the addition of Bitcoin as a treasury reserve asset, whereby a portion of our cash or future debt and equity issuances may be invested in Bitcoin. We have not set a maximum amount of Bitcoin we may accumulate, and may sell any Bitcoin we may acquire.
The Investment Committee will direct the investment activity of the Company in public and private markets pursuant to authority granted by the Board. Depending on certain market conditions and various risk factors, Mr. Cohen or other members of the Investment Committee, each in their personal capacity or through affiliated investment vehicles, may at times invest in the same securities in which the Company invests. The Board anticipates that such investments will align the interests of the Company with the interests of related parties because it places the personal resources of such directors at risk in substantially the same manner as resources of the Company in connection with investment decisions made by the Investment Committee on behalf of the Company.
Retail Business
GameStop is actively focused on the below objectives:
•Establish Omnichannel Retail Excellence. We aim to be the leading destination for games and entertainment products through our stores and ecommerce platforms.
•Achieve Profitability. During fiscal 2024, we continued to optimize our cost structure to align with our current and anticipated future needs. We will continue to focus on cost containment as we look to operate with increased efficiency.
•Expand Our Addressable Market. We continue to explore ways to increase the size of our addressable market through new product and service offerings, including offerings in the graded collectibles category. Expansion of these categories provides the Company with margin accretive opportunities that can assist the Company in achieving its profitability goals.
Vendors
We purchase our new products worldwide from a broad number of manufacturers, software publishers and distributors. Our largest vendors are Sony, Nintendo, and Microsoft, which collectively accounted for a majority of our new product purchases in fiscal 2024. We have established certain rights with our primary gaming product vendors that reduce our risk of inventory obsolescence, including, in some circumstances, unsold product return policies and protections against price
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reductions. In addition, we generally conduct business on an order-by-order basis, a practice that is typical throughout the industry. We believe that maintaining and strengthening our long-term relationships with our vendors is essential to our operations.
Distribution and Information Management
Our operating strategy involves providing a convenient and broad merchandise selection for our customers. We use our distribution facilities, store locations and inventory management systems to optimize the efficiency of the flow of products to our stores and customers, enhance fulfillment efficiency and optimize in-stock and overall investment in inventory.
Competition
The gaming industry is intensely competitive and subject to rapid changes in consumer preferences and frequent new product introductions. We compete with mass merchants and regional chains, computer product and consumer electronics stores, other gaming and related specialty stores, toy retail chains, direct sales by software publishers, the online environments operated by Sony (PlayStation Network), Microsoft (XBox Live), Nintendo (Nintendo Switch Online), as well as other online retailers and game rental companies. Gaming products are also distributed through other methods such as digital delivery. We also compete with sellers of pre-owned and value gaming products and other forms of entertainment activities, including casual and mobile games, movies, television, theater, sporting events and family entertainment centers.
In the United States, we compete with Walmart Stores, Inc. (“Walmart”), Target Corporation (“Target”), Best Buy Co., Inc. ("Best Buy") and Amazon.com, Inc. (“Amazon.com”), among others. Throughout Europe we compete with major consumer electronics retailers such as FNAC-Darty, major hypermarket chains like Leclerc , and online retailer Amazon.com. Competitors in Canada include Walmart and Best Buy. In Australia, competitors include JB HiFi stores, Big W, Target and Amazon.com. Globally, we also compete with certain vendors, including Sony, Nintendo and Microsoft among others, for direct-to-consumer offerings.
Seasonality
Our business, like that of many retailers, is seasonal, with the major portion of sales and operating profit realized during the fourth quarter of the fiscal year, which includes the holiday selling season. Results for any quarter are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be achieved for a full fiscal year. Quarterly results may fluctuate materially depending upon, among other factors, the timing of new product introductions, adverse weather conditions, shifts in the timing of certain holidays or promotions and changes in our merchandise mix. We generated approximately 34% of our sales during the fourth quarter of each of fiscal 2024 and 2023.
Trademarks
We have a number of trademarks and service marks, including “GameStop®,” “EB Games®,” “EB Electronics Boutique®," and “GameStop Pro®," which are registered with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. For many of our trademarks and service marks, including “Micromania®” and "Zing Pop Culture®," we also have registered or have registrations pending with the trademark authorities throughout the world. We maintain a policy of pursuing registration of our principal marks and opposing any infringement of our marks.
Human Capital
At GameStop, we strive to attract, retain and develop talent at all levels of our organization. We have approximately 6,000 full-time salaried and hourly associates and between 10,000 and 13,000 part-time, hourly associates worldwide, depending on the time of year. Our human resource philosophy is based on the following tenets:
•Development. We are committed to providing our associates with opportunities to develop and grow their careers. We offer learning opportunities through our training programs.
•Collaboration. We advocate working actively to build understanding and collaboration across functions. We believe a more collaborative workforce provides many benefits in drawing upon a greater richness of resources, experiences, ideas and talents.
•Benefits. We have designed our compensation and benefits programs to meet the unique needs of employees in our various business segments. These programs are intended to attract, reward and retain talent, while instilling an ownership mentality in our work.
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Available Information
The SEC maintains a website that contains reports, proxy statements and other information about issuers, like GameStop, who file electronically with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC"). The address of that site is http://www.sec.gov. Our annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, and amendments to those reports can be accessed through that website and also indirectly through our corporate website (http://news.gamestop.com). In addition, our Code of Standards, Ethics and Conduct is available on our website under “Corporate Governance” and is available to our stockholders in print, free of charge, upon written request to the Investor Relations Department at GameStop Corp., 625 Westport Parkway, Grapevine, Texas 76051. Any amendments to or waivers of our Code of Standards, Ethics and Conduct or our Code of Ethics for Senior Financial and Executive Officers that apply to our principal executive officer, principal financial officer, principal accounting officer, controllers and persons performing similar functions and that relate to any matter enumerated in Item 406(b) of Regulation S-K promulgated by the SEC will be disclosed on our website. The contents of our corporate website are not part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, or any other report we file with, or furnish to, the SEC.
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ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
An investment in our Company involves a high degree of risk. You should carefully consider the risks below, together with the other information contained in this report and other filings we make with the SEC, before you make an investment decision with respect to our Company. The risks described below are not the only ones facing us. Additional risks not presently known to us, or that we consider immaterial, may also impair our business operations. Any of the following risks could materially adversely affect our business, operating results or financial condition, and could cause a decline in the trading price of our Class A Common Stock and the value of your investment.
Risks Related to Our Investment Policy and Investment Portfolio
The value of our investment portfolio may decline.
The Company's Investment Policy permits the Company to invest from time to time in securities and certain crypto-currencies, including Bitcoin and U.S. Dollar-denominated stablecoins, and the Company is, and will be, exposed to market volatility in connection with these investments. The Company’s financial position and financial performance could be adversely affected by worsening market conditions or poor performance of such investments. Bitcoin, for example, is a highly volatile asset and has experienced significant price fluctuations over time. Our Bitcoin strategy has not been tested and may prove unsuccessful. U.S. Dollar-denominated stablecoins may also suffer from value loss due to various issues underlying the product, including bank or issuer failure or underlying blockchain problems. The Company may also invest from time to time in nonmarketable securities and may need to hold such instruments for a long period of time and may not be able to realize a return of its cash investment should there be a need to liquidate to obtain cash at any given time. The Company may also invest from time to time in securities that are interest-bearing securities and if there are changes in interest rates, those changes would affect the interest income the Company earns on these investments and, therefore, impact its cash flows and results of operations.
Our investment portfolio may be concentrated in one or a few holdings, which may result in a single holding significantly impacting the value of our investment portfolio.
The Company’s investment portfolio is overseen in accordance with the guidelines approved by the Investment Committee pursuant to the Investment Policy. The Company’s investment portfolio may be concentrated in just one or a few holdings. Accordingly, a significant decline in the market value of one or more of such holdings may not be offset by hypothetically better performance of the other holdings, if any. This concentration of risk may result in a more pronounced effect on net income and stockholders’ equity, and may result in greater volatility in the fair market value of the Company’s investment portfolio from one period to another.
If we acquire Bitcoin, we will be exposed to certain risks associated with Bitcoin.
The Bitcoin markets have historically experienced significant volatility in price, limited liquidity and trading volumes, relative anonymity, potential susceptibility to market abuse and manipulation, compliance and internal control failures at exchanges and other risks inherent in its entirely electronic, virtual form and decentralized network. Our Bitcoin holdings could significantly impact our financial results and the market price of our listed securities. Our Bitcoin strategy has not been tested over an extended period of time or under different market conditions. We are continually examining the risks and rewards of our strategy to acquire and hold Bitcoin.By investing in Bitcoin, we may become subject to counterparty risk, such as with our Bitcoin custodians and those with whom we transact in Bitcoin or other crypto-currencies. The broader digital assets industry may also be subject to counterparty risks, which could adversely impact the adoption rate, price, and use of Bitcoin.Bitcoin and other crypto-currencies are subject to regulatory and legal uncertainty, and governments and regulators may enact new laws and regulations, or pursue regulatory, legislative, enforcement or judicial actions that could impact the price of Bitcoin or our ability to acquire, hold or transfer Bitcoin, and may subject us to increased regulatory scrutiny. If federal or state tax authorities change Bitcoin’s classification from property, which allows for capital gains treatment but also imposes certain tax reporting requirements, to another category, such as to currency or a financial asset, the resulting tax implications could negatively affect us and our stockholders. Additionally, changes in the accounting treatment of our Bitcoin holdings could have significant accounting impacts, including increasing the volatility of our results. Bitcoin does not pay interest or other returns and we can only generate cash from our Bitcoin holdings if we sell our Bitcoin or implement strategies to create income streams or otherwise generate cash by using our Bitcoin holdings. Even if we pursue any such strategies, we may be unable to create income streams or otherwise generate cash from our Bitcoin holdings, and any such strategies may subject us to additional risks. If we are unable to sell Bitcoin we acquire or otherwise generate funds using our Bitcoin holdings, or if we are forced to sell our Bitcoin at a significant loss, our business and financial condition could be negatively impacted. In addition, Bitcoin and other blockchain-based cryptocurrencies and the entities that provide services to participants in the Bitcoin ecosystem, as well as the Bitcoin and blockchain ledger, digital wallets, and other digital assets and blockchain technologies, have been, and may in the future be, subject to security breaches, cyberattacks or other malicious activities. If we or our third-party service providers experience a security breach or cyberattack and unauthorized parties obtain access to our Bitcoin, or other similar
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circumstances or events occur, we may lose some or all of our Bitcoin and our financial condition and results of operations could be materially adversely affected. Further, to the extent the private keys for a digital wallet are lost, destroyed, or otherwise compromised and no backup of the private keys is accessible, neither we nor our custodians would be able to access the Bitcoin held in the related digital wallet.
If we acquire U.S. Dollar-denominated stablecoins, we may be exposed to certain risks associated with such stablecoins.
U.S. Dollar-denominated stablecoins are digital assets designed to have a stable value over time as compared to typically volatile digital assets, and are backed by the U.S. Dollar. Volatility in stablecoins, operational issues with stablecoins (for example, technical issues that prevent settlement or redemption), concerns about the sufficiency of any reserves that support stablecoins, or regulatory concerns about stablecoin issuers or intermediaries or the stablecoins themselves, could all impair the value of such stablecoins and result in losses. By investing in U.S. Dollar-denominated stablecoins, we may become subject to counterparty risk, such as with the issuers of the stablecoins, custodians and those with whom we transact in U.S. Dollar-denominated stablecoins. U.S. Dollar-denominated stablecoins are subject to regulatory and legal uncertainty, and governments and regulators may enact new laws and regulations, or pursue regulatory, legislative, enforcement or judicial actions that could impact our ability to acquire, hold or transfer U.S. Dollar-denominated stablecoins, and may subject us to increased regulatory scrutiny.
The Company is required to recognize losses in a particular investment for financial statement purposes even though the Company has not actually sold the security.
Under accounting rules, changes in the unrealized gains and losses on certain of our investments may be included in the Company’s reported net income (loss), even though the Company has not actually realized any gain or loss by selling such securities. Accordingly, changes in the market prices of such securities can have a significant impact on the Company’s reported results for a particular period, even though those changes do not bear on the performance of the Company’s operating businesses.
Our failure to deal appropriately with conflicts of interest could adversely affect our businesses.
Certain of our executive officers, members of our Investment Committee and members of the Board of Directors engage in personal investment activities. These personal investments, done in their individual capacities or through affiliated investment vehicles, may give rise to potential conflicts or perceived conflicts between the personal financial interests of the executive officers, members of our Investment Committee or members of the Board of Directors and the interests of us, any of our subsidiaries or any stockholder other than such executive officers, members of our Investment Committee or members of the Board of Directors.
If we are deemed to be an investment company under the Investment Company Act, we may be required to institute burdensome compliance requirements and our activities may be restricted.
In order not to be regulated as an investment company under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “Investment Company Act”), unless we can qualify for an exclusion or exemption therefrom, we must ensure that we are engaged primarily in a business other than investing, reinvesting or trading of securities and that our activities do not include investing, reinvesting, owning, holding or trading in securities and owning “investment securities” having a value constituting more than 40% of our total assets (exclusive of U.S. government securities and cash items) on an unconsolidated basis. If we are deemed to be an investment company under the Investment Company Act, our activities may be restricted, including restrictions on the nature of our investments and restrictions on our issuance of securities. In addition, burdensome requirements may be imposed on us, including registration as an investment company under the Investment Company Act, adoption of a specific form of corporate structure and reporting, record keeping, voting, proxy and disclosure requirements and other rules and regulations that could have a material adverse effect on our business and financial condition and may also require us to substantially change the manner in which we conduct our business. Further, a determination by regulators that Bitcoin or certain other cryptocurrencies constitute “securities” or “investment securities” under the Investment Company Act or other Federal Securities laws could lead to our classification as an investment company under the Investment Company Act and could negatively impact the market price or liquidity of Bitcoin or such other cryptocurrencies that we may hold and the market value of our Class A Common Stock.
Retail Industry Risks
Economic, social and political conditions in the markets in which we operate could adversely affect demand for the products we sell and impact our business and financial condition.
Sales of our products involve discretionary spending by consumers, making our results highly dependent on the health of the economies and consumer confidence in the markets in which we operate. Consumers are typically more likely to make
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discretionary purchases, including purchasing gaming and technology products, when there are favorable economic conditions. Our business may be affected by many economic, social, and political factors outside our control. Some of these factors include consumer disposable income levels, consumer confidence in current and future economic conditions, levels of employment, consumer credit availability, consumer debt levels, interest rates, tax rates, housing market conditions, inflation, tariffs, socio-political factors, such as civil unrest or political uncertainty, and the effect of weather, natural disasters, and public health crises. Adverse economic, social and political changes in any of the regions in which we sell our products could adversely affect our business in many ways, including reduced sales and margins.
We face strong competition from multi-channel retailers, ecommerce businesses and others, which directly affects our revenue and profitability.
The retail environment is intensely competitive and subject to rapid changes in consumer preferences and frequent new product introductions. We compete with mass merchants and regional chains, including Walmart and Target, computer product and consumer electronics stores, including Best Buy, other United States and international gaming and PC software specialty stores, such as FNAC Darty, and Media Markt-Saturn, major hypermarket chains like Leclerc, toy retail chains, internet-based retailers such as Amazon.com, other internet marketplaces, including those operated by game publishers and console manufacturers, online retailers of digital software, game rental companies and collectibles and trading card retailers. Competition may also result from new entrants into the markets we serve, offering products and/or services that compete with us. If we lose customers to our competitors, or if we reduce our prices or increase our spending to maintain our customers, such actions may negatively impact our business and our financial performance.
Multi-channel retailers and ecommerce companies continue to focus on delivery services, with customers increasingly seeking faster, guaranteed delivery times and low-cost or free shipping. Our ability to be competitive on delivery times and delivery costs depends on many factors and our failure to successfully manage these factors and offer competitive delivery options could negatively impact the demand for our products.
The gaming industry has historically been cyclical and is affected by the introduction of next-generation consoles, which could negatively impact the demand for existing products.
The gaming industry has historically been cyclical in nature in response to the introduction and maturation of new technology. Following the introduction of new gaming platforms, sales of these platforms and related software and accessories generally increase due to initial demand, while sales of older platforms and related products generally decrease as customers migrate toward the new platforms. A new console cycle began with the launch of the Sony PlayStation 5 in November 2020, the Microsoft Xbox Series X in November 2020 and the Nintendo Switch in March 2017. In January 2025, Nintendo announced that Nintendo Switch 2, the successor to the Nintendo Switch system, will be released in 2025.
We are dependent upon the timely delivery of new and innovative products from our vendors and failure to timely obtain new product can adversely affect our sales.
We depend on manufacturers and publishers to deliver video game hardware, software, collectibles (including trading cards), and consumer electronics in quantities sufficient to meet customer demand. Some of the products we sell may be in short supply and highly allocated among us and our competitors and we compete for product inventory. If we fail to obtain products in sufficient quantities, our sales may be negatively impacted.
We also depend on these manufacturers and publishers to regularly introduce new and innovative products and software titles to drive industry sales. In recent years, the number of new software titles available for sale has decreased. Separately, our collectibles category, including trading cards, has been driven in part by demand for new releases. Any material delay in the introduction or delivery, or limited allocations, of hardware platforms, collectibles or software titles could result in reduced sales. In addition, some publishers that have historically published games compatible with multiple gaming platforms have been acquired by console manufacturers. This consolidation could lead to a further reduction in the number of new software titles available for sale.
Technological advances in the delivery and types of video games and PC entertainment software available to consumers, as well as changes in consumer behavior related to these new technologies, have lowered and may continue to lower, our sales.
The current consoles from Sony, Nintendo and Microsoft have facilitated download technology. Downloading of video game content to the current generation video game systems continues to grow and take an increasing percentage of new video game sales. If consumers’ preference for downloading video game content in lieu of physical software continues to increase, our business and financial performance may be adversely impacted.
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In addition, both Sony and Microsoft currently offer consoles that only allow for the purchase of digital games and content and do not work with physical software. Sales of those types of consoles eliminate the ability of customers to purchase physical software, which may also adversely affect our sales of both new and pre-owned physical software.
Interruptions to our supply chain or the supply chain of our suppliers may adversely affect our business.
Our suppliers rely on foreign sources, primarily in Asia, to manufacture a portion of the products we purchase from them. As a result, any event causing a disruption of imports, including labor shortages, natural disasters, public health crises or the imposition of import or trade restrictions in the form of tariffs or quotas could increase the cost and reduce the supply of products available to us, which may negatively impact our business and results of operations.
An adverse trend in sales during the holiday selling season could impact our financial results.
Our business, like that of many retailers, is seasonal, with a major portion of our sales and operating profit realized during the fourth quarter of each year, which includes the holiday selling season. During fiscal 2024 and 2023, we generated approximately 34% and 34%, respectively, of our sales during the fourth quarter. Any adverse trend in sales during the holiday selling season could lower our results of operations for the fourth quarter and the entire fiscal year.
Our ability to obtain favorable terms from our suppliers and service providers may impact our financial results.
Our financial results depend significantly upon the business terms we can obtain from our suppliers and service providers, including competitive prices, unsold product return policies, advertising and market development allowances, freight charges and payment terms. We purchase substantially all of our products directly from manufacturers, software publishers and, in some cases, distributors. If our suppliers and service providers do not provide us with favorable business terms or allocate reduced volumes of their products to us, we may not be able to offer products to our customers in sufficient volumes or at competitive prices. Vendors may request credit support which could require us to either use cash on hand or collateralize letters of credit with restricted cash or other credit support mechanisms, which would reduce our liquidity available for other purposes.
Our sales of collectibles depend on trends in pop culture and, if we are unable to anticipate, identify and react to these trends, our sales and business may be adversely affected.
Our sales of collectibles are heavily dependent upon the continued demand by our customers for collectibles, apparel, toys, trading cards, gadgets, electronics and other retail products for pop culture and technology enthusiasts. The popularity of such products is often driven by movies, television shows, music, fashion and other pop culture influences. Our failure to anticipate, identify and react appropriately to changing trends and preferences of customers could lead to, among other things, excess inventories and higher markdowns.
Changes to tariff and import/export regulations may negatively impact our future financial condition and results of operations.
A significant portion of the products we offer are purchased from foreign vendors or manufactured in foreign countries. In recent months, trade tensions between the United States and other countries have escalated. The imposition of additional, new, or different actions with respect to international trade agreements, the imposition of tariffs on goods imported into the U.S., the erection of barriers to trade, tax policy related to international commerce, or other trade matters could impact the cost or availability of the merchandise we offer, which may have an adverse impact on our business.
Strategic Retail Risks
If we are unable to successfully maintain strong retail and ecommerce experiences for our customers, our sales and results of operations could adversely be impacted.
Our business has become increasingly dependent on multiple sales channels as we strive to deliver a seamless shopping experience to our customers through both online and in-store shopping experiences. Operating an ecommerce platform is a complex undertaking and exposes us to risks and difficulties frequently experienced by internet-based businesses, including risks related to our ability to attract and retain customers on a cost-effective basis and our ability to operate and support our internet operations, website, mobile applications and other related operational systems. If we are not able to successfully operate our ecommerce platform, we may not be able to provide a positive shopping experience or maintain customer traffic, sales or margins, and our business and financial condition could be adversely affected.
In-store and ecommerce retail are competitive and evolving environments. Insufficient, untimely or inadequately prioritized or ineffectively implemented investments could significantly impact our profitability and growth and affect our ability to attract new customers, as well as maintain our existing ones.
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If we fail to keep pace with changing industry technology and consumer preferences, we will be at a competitive disadvantage.
The interactive entertainment industry is characterized by swiftly changing technology, evolving industry standards, frequent new and enhanced product introductions, rapidly changing consumer preferences and product obsolescence. Video games are now played on a wide variety of mediums, including video game consoles, personal computers, mobile phones, tablets, social networking websites and other devices. Browser, mobile and social gaming is accessed through hardware other than the consoles and traditional hand-held video game devices we currently sell. In addition, augmented reality, virtual reality and blockchain technology continue to rapidly evolve and may result in changes in both customer preferences and the types of hardware and software that are used by customers.
To continue to compete effectively in the gaming and interactive entertainment industry, we must respond effectively to market and technological changes and understand their impact on our customers’ preferences. It may take significant time and resources to respond to these technological changes and changes in consumer preferences. Our business and results of operations may be negatively impacted if we fail to keep pace with these changes.
If we are unable to successfully manage our profitability and cost reduction initiatives, our operating results could be adversely affected.
As part of our strategic plan, we have undertaken cost reduction measures and other initiatives to improve the efficiency of our operations, including initiatives to reduce headcount. These initiatives could strain our existing resources, and we could experience operating difficulties in managing our business, including difficulties in hiring, managing and retaining employees. If we do not adapt, we may experience erosion to our brand, the quality of our products and services may suffer and our operating results may be negatively impacted.
An important element of our profitability initiative is to reduce our global store base. Failure to successfully transfer customers and sales from closed stores to nearby stores could adversely impact our financial results.
As a part of our profitability initiative, we are reducing our global store base, which includes closing stores that are not meeting performance standards or stores at the end of their lease terms with the intent of transferring sales to other nearby locations. If we are unsuccessful in marketing to customers of the stores that we plan to close or in transferring sales to nearby stores, our results of operations could be negatively impacted.
Changes in our senior management or our inability to attract and retain qualified personnel could have a material adverse impact on our business and results of operations.
Our success depends, in part, on the continuing services and contributions of our leadership team to execute on our strategic plan. Turnover in key leadership positions in the Company or our failure to timely or successfully implement leadership transitions could adversely affect our ability to manage the Company efficiently and effectively, could be disruptive and distracting to management and may lead to additional departures of current personnel, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations.
Our success also depends, in part, upon our ability to attract, motivate and retain a highly trained and engaged workforce, including key executives, management for our stores and skilled merchandising, marketing, financial and administrative personnel. The turnover rate in the retail and fulfillment industries is relatively high, and there is an ongoing need to recruit and train new store and fulfillment associates. Factors that affect our ability to maintain sufficient numbers of qualified associates include associate morale, our reputation, unemployment rates, competition from other employers and our ability to offer appropriate compensation and benefits packages.
Our inability to attract and retain qualified personnel or retain key personnel in the future could have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations.
Damage to our reputation could adversely affect our business and our ability to attract and retain customers and employees.
Our continued success depends upon customers’ perception of our Company. Any negative publicity relating to our vendors, products, associates and members of our Board or practices could damage our reputation and adversely impact our ability to attract and retain customers and employees. Failure to detect, prevent or mitigate issues that might give rise to reputational risk or failure to adequately address negative publicity or perceptions could adversely impact our reputation, business, results of operations and financial condition.
Operational Risks
If we or the third parties with whom we work do not maintain the security of our information
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technology systems or data (including customer, associate or Company information), such failure could negatively impact our operations, damage our reputation, cause us to incur substantial additional costs, lead us to become subject to litigation, or cause us to experience other adverse consequences.
An important part of our business involves the receipt, collection, storage, transfer, disposal, disclosure, security, use, and other processing (collectively, “process” or “processing”) of personal information of our customers and associates (including, in the case of customers, payment information) and other sensitive information (including without limitation proprietary and confidential business data, trade secrets, intellectual property, and financial data). We have systems and processes in place that are designed to protect against security and data breaches, compromise of confidential and other sensitive information, and other interruptions. Despite these efforts, we have been the target of cybersecurity attacks in the past and there is no guarantee that the procedures we have implemented to protect against such security breaches, compromises, and other interruptions are adequate or will be effective. Our data and information systems (including those of third parties with whom we work), are subject to a variety of evolving threats (e.g., phishing attacks, software bugs, ransomware, and others). These threats come from a wide variety of actors (e.g., hackers, personnel, nation states and state-sponsored actors). Our data and information systems may also be compromised for reasons other than a cyberattack (e.g., information system malfunctions, loss, telecommunications failures, earthquakes, fire or flood). We rely on certain third parties and their technologies to operate critical business systems to process sensitive data (including personal information) in a variety of contexts. Our ability to monitor these third parties’ information security practices is limited, and these third parties may not have adequate information security measures in place. If the third parties with whom we work experience a security breach, compromise, or other interruption, we could experience adverse consequences.
A successful cybersecurity attack or other compromise of our data or information systems could lead to significant disruptions in the operations of our systems and business, including our ability to accept payment from customers, unauthorized release of sensitive information (including customer payment information) and corruption of data. If we (or a third party with whom we work) experience a security breach or other compromise or are perceived to have experienced a security breach or other compromise, we may experience material adverse consequences, such as significant investment and resources to identify and remediate such breach or other compromise, notification obligations, costly litigation, government investigations, government enforcement actions, fines, penalties and/or lawsuits, significant harm to our reputation with our customers, and other similar harms.
We are subject to stringent and evolving laws and other obligations related to data privacy and security. Compliance with such obligations and our actual or perceived failure to comply with such obligations could lead to increased costs and liabilities (e.g., government investigations, litigation, fines and penalties, reputational harm, loss of revenue, loss of customers and other adverse business consequences).
Given our processing of personal information, we are subject to laws and other obligations (including industry standards (such as those related to payment cards), policies, statements and contracts) relating to personal information. Laws governing personal information continue to evolve, as federal, state and foreign governments continue to adopt new or different measures relating to data privacy and security as well as the processing of personal information. The interpretation and application of many existing privacy and data protection laws and regulations in the U.S. (including the California Consumer Privacy Act, as amended (“CCPA”)), Europe (including the European Union’s General Data Protection Regulation), and elsewhere impose stringent obligations on processing personal information and create the risk of significant fines and other adverse consequences for noncompliance. Such laws and regulations may be interpreted or applied in a manner that is inconsistent with each other and may complicate our existing data management practices. Evolving compliance and operational requirements under applicable data protection obligations have become increasingly burdensome and complex. Additionally, under various data protection laws and other obligations, we may be required to provide specific notices and obtain certain consents to process personal information. For example, some of our data processing practices have been, and may in the future continue to be, subject to challenges or lawsuits under data privacy, data security, and communications laws, including, for example, challenges based on anti-wiretapping or eavesdropping laws. We are or may become subject to obligations that limit the manner in which we transfer personal information across national borders. Our insurance coverage may be inadequate to protect us from privacy and security liabilities, such coverage may not continue to be available on commercially reasonable terms or at all, or such coverage may not pay claims.
Compliance with such obligations increases our costs. Our failure (or perceived failure) to comply with these obligations could result in adverse consequences, including but not limited to privacy or security-related claims (including class actions), government investigations and enforcement actions, penalties and fines, require us to change our business practices and may lead to administrative, civil, or criminal liability.
Weather, natural disasters, public health crises and other unexpected events could adversely affect our operating results.
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The risk or actual occurrence of various unexpected events could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition. Such events may be caused by, for example: natural disasters or extreme weather events; diseases or pandemics (including COVID-19) that have affected and may continue to affect our employees, customers or partners; floods, fires or other catastrophes affecting our properties, employees or customers; cybersecurity attacks, power outages and telecommunications failures affecting our systems; or terrorism, civil unrest, mass violence or violent acts or other conflicts.
Such events can adversely affect our workforce and prevent employees and customers from reaching our stores, logistics facilities and other properties and can disrupt or disable portions of our supply chain, distribution network and refurbishment operations. They can also affect our information technology systems, resulting in disruption to various aspects of our operations, including our ability to transact with customers and fulfill orders. As a consequence of these or other events, we may endure interruption to our operations or losses of property, equipment or inventory, which could adversely affect our operations and financial condition.
Our U.S. support, fulfillment and refurbishment operations are concentrated, in large part, in a single facility in Grapevine, Texas. A casualty or other event that impacts this facility or its employees could significantly disrupt our support, fulfillment and refurbishment operations, and as a result could adversely affect our operations and financial condition.
We seek to mitigate our exposure to disruptions in several ways. For example, where feasible, we design the configuration of our logistics operations to reduce the consequences of disasters and other disruptions. We also maintain insurance for these facilities against casualties, and we evaluate our risks and develop contingency plans for dealing with them. Although we have reviewed and analyzed a broad range of disruption risks applicable to our logistics operations, the ones that actually affect us may not be those that we have concluded are most likely to occur. Furthermore, our plans may not be adequate at the time of occurrence for the magnitude of any particular disruption event that we may encounter.
Inventory shrinkage may negatively affect our results of operations and financial condition.
Although some level of inventory shrinkage is an unavoidable cost of doing business, higher rates of inventory shrinkage or increased security or other costs to combat inventory theft could adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition. There can be no assurance that we will be successful in our efforts to contain or reduce inventory shrinkage.
If our systems fail to perform or are inadequate, our ability to manage our business could be disrupted.
We rely on computerized systems to coordinate and manage the activities in our operations, including our ecommerce, store and fulfillment operations. If any of these systems fail to adequately perform their functions, including our point-of-sale, inventory management, information technology or enterprise management systems, our business could be adversely affected.
We depend on third-party delivery services to deliver products to our retail locations, fulfillment centers and customers on a timely and consistent basis, and changes in the terms we have with these service providers could adversely affect our business and financial position.
We rely on third parties for the transportation of products, and we cannot be sure that these services will continue to be provided on terms favorable to us, or at all. Delivery and shipping costs may increase from time to time, and we may not be able to pass these costs directly to our customers. Any increased delivery and shipping costs could harm our business and financial performance by increasing our costs of doing business and reducing our margins.
If our relationships with these third parties are terminated or impaired, if we are unable to negotiate acceptable terms with these third parties or if these third parties are unable to deliver products for us, whether due to a labor shortage, slow down or stoppage, or for any other reason, we would be required to use alternative carriers for the shipment of products to our retail locations, fulfillment centers and customers. Changing carriers could have a negative effect on our business and operating results due to the negative impact on customer experience, including reduced visibility of order status and package tracking and delays in order processing and product delivery, and we may be unable to engage alternative carriers on a timely basis, upon terms favorable to us, or at all. In addition, these third parties have increasingly had demand for their services exceed capacity, in particular during the holiday selling season, and we may be unable to obtain sufficient services to meet our demand or to timely meet our customers' expectations.
If our vendors fail to provide marketing and merchandising support at historical levels, our sales and earnings could be negatively impacted.
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The manufacturers of gaming products have typically provided retailers with significant marketing and merchandising support for their products. As part of this support, we receive cooperative advertising and market development payments from these vendors which enable us to actively promote and merchandise the products we sell and drive sales at our stores and on our websites. If our vendors fail to continue to provide this support at historical levels, our business and financial condition may be negatively impacted.
Restrictions on our ability to purchase and sell pre-owned products could negatively affect our business and financial condition.
Our financial results depend on our ability to purchase and sell pre-owned products. Actions by manufacturers or publishers of products or governmental authorities to prohibit or limit our ability to purchase or sell pre-owned products, or to limit the ability of consumers to use pre-owned products, could have a negative impact on our business and financial condition.
If we are unable to renew or enter into new leases on favorable terms, our earnings may be adversely affected.
All of our retail stores are located in leased premises. If the cost of leasing existing stores increases, we cannot ensure that we will be able to maintain our existing store locations as leases expire. In addition, we may not be able to enter into new leases on favorable terms or at all, or we may not be able to locate suitable alternative sites in a timely manner. Our revenues and earnings may decline if we fail to maintain existing store locations, enter into new leases, or locate alternative sites.
Risks Related to Laws and Regulations
Unfavorable changes in our global tax rate could have a negative impact on our business, results of operations and cash flows.
As a result of our operations in foreign countries, our global tax rate is derived from a combination of applicable tax rates in the various jurisdictions in which we operate. Depending upon the sources of our income, any agreements we may have with taxing authorities in various jurisdictions and the tax filing positions we take in various jurisdictions, our overall tax rate may be higher than other companies or higher than our tax rates have been in the past. We base our estimate of an annual effective tax rate at any given point in time on a calculated mix of the tax rates applicable to our business and to estimates of the amount of income to be derived in any given jurisdiction. A change in the mix of our business from year to year and from country to country, changes in rules related to accounting for income taxes, changes in tax laws in any of the jurisdictions in which we operate, or adverse outcomes from the tax audits that regularly are in process in any jurisdiction in which we operate could result in an unfavorable change in our overall tax rate, which could have a material adverse impact on our business and results of our operations.
We also continue to monitor developments related to tax legislation and government policy. The impact of these potential changes to our business and consolidated financial results cannot be determined until the relevant legislation and policies are finalized.
Legislative actions may cause our general and administrative and compliance costs to increase and impact our operations and financial condition.
To comply with laws adopted by the U.S. government or other U.S. or foreign regulatory bodies, we may be required to increase our expenditures and hire additional personnel and additional outside legal, accounting and advisory services, all of which may cause our general and administrative and compliance costs to increase. Significant workforce-related legislative changes could increase our expenses and adversely affect our operations. Examples of possible workforce-related legislative changes include changes to an employer’s obligation to recognize collective bargaining units, the process by which collective bargaining agreements are negotiated or imposed, minimum wage requirements and health care mandates. In addition, changes in the regulatory environment affecting Medicare reimbursements, workplace safety, product safety, privacy and security of customer data, responsible sourcing, environmental protection, supply chain transparency, and increased compliance costs related to wage and hour statutes, limitations on arbitration/class action waiver agreements and overtime regulations, among others, could cause our expenses to increase without an ability to pass through any increased expenses through higher prices.
Failure to comply with federal, state, local and international laws, regulations and statutes applicable to our business could result in an adverse impact to our business and financial condition.
As a seller of consumer products, we are also subject to various federal, state, local and international laws, regulations and statutes, including laws relating to product safety and consumer protection and privacy. While we take steps to comply with these laws, there can be no assurance that we will be in compliance, and failure to comply with these laws
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could result in litigation, regulatory action and penalties which could have a negative impact on our business and financial condition. In addition, our suppliers might not adhere to product safety requirements and the Company and those suppliers may therefore be subject to involuntary or voluntary product recalls or product liability lawsuits. Direct costs, lost sales and reputational damage associated with product recalls, government enforcement actions or product liability lawsuits, individually or in the aggregate, could have a negative impact on future revenues and results of operations.
Our international operations are also subject to compliance with the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and other anti-bribery laws applicable to our operations. While we have policies and procedures to ensure compliance with these laws, our associates, contractors, representatives and agents may take actions that violate our policies. Any violations of these laws by any of these persons could have a negative impact on our business.
Litigation and the outcomes of such litigation could negatively impact our future financial condition and results of operations.
In the ordinary course of our business, we are, from time to time, subject to various litigation and legal proceedings, including matters involving wage and hour associate class actions, stockholder and consumer class actions, tax audits and unclaimed property audits by states. The outcome of litigation and other legal proceedings and the magnitude of potential losses therefrom, particularly class action lawsuits and regulatory actions, is difficult to assess or quantify.
Certain of these legal proceedings, if decided adversely to us or settled by us, may require changes to our business operations that negatively impact our operating results or involve significant liability awards that impact our financial condition. The cost to defend litigation may be significant. As a result, legal proceedings may adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations or liquidity.
Risks Related to Our Class A Common Stock
The market price of our Class A Common Stock has been extremely volatile and may continue to be volatile due to numerous circumstances beyond our control.
The market price of our Class A Common Stock has fluctuated, and may continue to fluctuate, widely, due to many factors, some of which may be beyond our control. These factors include, without limitation:
•“short squeezes”;
•comments by securities analysts or other third parties, including blogs, articles, message boards and social and other media;
•large stockholders exiting their position in our Class A Common Stock or an increase or decrease in the short interest in our Class A Common Stock;
•actual or anticipated fluctuations in our financial and operating results;
•the timing and allocations of new product releases including new console launches;
•shifts in the timing or content of certain promotions or service offerings;
•the effect of changes in tax rates in the jurisdictions in which we operate;
•acquisition costs and the integration of companies we acquire or invest in;
•the mix of earnings in the countries in which we operate;
•the costs associated with the exit of unprofitable markets, businesses or stores;
•changes in foreign currency exchange rates;
•negative public perception of us, our competitors or industry; and
•overall general market fluctuations.
Stock markets in general and our stock price in particular have experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations that have often been unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of those companies and our Company. These broad market fluctuations may adversely affect the trading price of our Class A Common Stock. In particular, a large proportion of our Class A Common Stock has been and may continue to be traded by short sellers which has put and may continue to put pressure on the supply and demand for our Class A Common Stock, further influencing volatility in its
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market price. These and other external factors have caused and may continue to cause the market price and demand for our Class A Common Stock to fluctuate substantially, which may limit or prevent our stockholders from readily selling their shares of our Class A Common Stock and may otherwise negatively affect the liquidity of our Class A Common Stock.
A “short squeeze” due to a sudden increase in demand for shares of our Class A Common Stock that largely exceeds supply has led to, and may continue to lead to, extreme price volatility in shares of our Class A Common Stock.
Investors may purchase shares of our Class A Common Stock to hedge existing exposure or to speculate on the price of our Class A Common Stock. Speculation on the price of our Class A Common Stock may involve long and short exposures. To the extent aggregate short exposure exceeds the number of shares of our Class A Common Stock available for purchase on the open market, investors with short exposure may have to pay a premium to repurchase shares of our Class A Common Stock for delivery to lenders of our Class A Common Stock. Those repurchases may in turn, dramatically increase the price of shares of our Class A Common Stock until additional shares of our Class A Common Stock are available for trading or borrowing. This is often referred to as a “short squeeze.”
A large proportion of our Class A Common Stock has been and may continue to be traded by short sellers which may increase the likelihood that our Class A Common Stock will be the target of a short squeeze. A short squeeze has previously led and could continue to lead to volatile price movements in shares of our Class A Common Stock that are unrelated or disproportionate to our operating performance or prospects and, once investors purchase the shares of our Class A Common Stock necessary to cover their short positions, the price of our Class A Common Stock may rapidly decline. Stockholders that purchase shares of our Class A Common Stock during a short squeeze may lose a significant portion of their investment.
Information available in public media that is published by third parties, including blogs, articles, message boards and social and other media may include statements not attributable to the Company and may not be reliable or accurate.
We have received, and may continue to receive, a high degree of media coverage that is published or otherwise disseminated by third parties, including blogs, articles, message boards and social and other media. This includes coverage that is not attributable to statements made by our officers or associates. Information provided by third parties may not be reliable or accurate and could materially impact the trading price of our Class A Common Stock which could cause stockholders to lose their investments.
A large number of shares of our Class A Common Stock available for future sale could adversely affect the market price of our Class A Common Stock and may be dilutive to current stockholders.
The sales of a substantial number of shares of our Class A Common Stock, or the perception that such sales could occur, could adversely affect the price for our Class A Common Stock. Our Board of Directors may authorize the issuance of additional authorized but unissued Class A Common Stock or other authorized but unissued securities at any time, including pursuant to equity incentive plans. In addition, we may file a registration statement with the SEC, allowing us to offer, from time to time and at any time, equity securities (including common or preferred stock), subject to market conditions and other factors. Accordingly, we may, from time to time and at any time, seek to offer and sell our equity securities, including sales of our Class A Common Stock pursuant to an at-the-market program, based upon market conditions and other factors.
Future sales of a substantial amount of our Class A Common Stock in the public markets by our insiders, or the perception that these sales may occur, may cause the market price of our Class A Common Stock to decline.
Our employees, directors and officers, and their affiliates, hold substantial amounts of shares of our Class A Common Stock. Sales of a substantial number of such shares by these stockholders, or the perception that such sales will occur, may cause the market price of our Class A Common Stock to decline. Other than restrictions on trading that arise under securities laws (or pursuant to our securities trading policy that is intended to facilitate compliance with securities laws), including the prohibition on trading in securities by or on behalf of a person who is aware of material nonpublic information, we have no restrictions on the right of our employees, directors and officers, and their affiliates, to sell their unrestricted shares of Class A Common Stock.
Risks Related to Financial Performance and Reporting
Our results of operations may fluctuate from quarter to quarter.
Our results of operations may fluctuate from quarter to quarter depending upon several factors, some of which are beyond our control. These factors include, but are not limited to:
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•the timing and allocations of new product releases including new console launches;
•the amounts devoted to strategic investments and failure to achieve anticipated profitability and benefits from such initiatives within the expected time-frames, or at all;
•the timing and extent of the achievement of anticipated profits from investments, if at all;
•to the extent we acquire and hold significant amounts of Bitcoin or U.S. Dollar-denominated stablecoins, fluctuations in the price of Bitcoin or such stablecoins, changes to our Bitcoin or stablecoin strategy and regulatory, commercial and technical developments relating to Bitcoin or such stablecoins;
•shifts in the timing or content of certain promotions or service offerings;
•the effect of changes in tax rates in the jurisdictions in which we operate;
•the mix of earnings in the countries in which we operate;
•the costs associated with the exit of unprofitable markets, businesses or stores; and
•changes in foreign currency exchange rates.
These and other factors could affect our business, financial condition and results of operations, and this makes the prediction of our financial results on a quarterly basis difficult. Also, it is possible that our quarterly financial results may be below the expectations of public market analysts.
We and our subsidiaries may incur additional debt.
Debt financing, if obtained, may involve agreements that include covenants limiting or restricting our ability to take specific actions, such as incurring additional debt, and could increase our expenses and require that our assets secure such debt. These restrictions and expenses could, in turn, negatively impact our financial condition and liquidity.
If our internal control over financial reporting is ineffective, our business may be adversely affected and we may lose market confidence in our reported financial information, which could adversely impact our business and stock price.
Effective internal control over financial reporting can provide only reasonable assurance with respect to the preparation and fair presentation of consolidated financial statements and may not prevent or detect misstatements because of inherent limitations. These limitations include, among others, the possibility of human error, inadequacy or circumvention of controls and fraud.
If we are unable to maintain effective internal control over financial reporting, our ability to report financial information timely and accurately could be adversely affected. As a result, we could lose investor confidence and become subject to litigation or investigations, which could adversely affect our business, operations, financial condition and our stock price.
ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
None.
ITEM 1C. CYBERSECURITY
Risk Management and Strategy
An important part of our business involves the receipt, storage and other processing of personal information of our customers and associates, including, in the case of our customers, payment information. Security of this information and our other proprietary or sensitive data is imperative to ensure the trust of our customers, vendors, and associates. We assess, identify and manage material risks related to potential cybersecurity attacks on or through our electronic information systems that could adversely affect the confidentiality, integrity, or availability of our information systems or the information residing on those systems through various processes. These processes include a wide variety of controls, technologies, methods, systems, and other processes that are designed to prevent, detect, or mitigate data loss, theft and misuse, and unauthorized access to, or other cybersecurity attacks or vulnerabilities affecting, our data and information technology systems.
The assessment of cybersecurity risk is integrated into our overall risk management processes and cybersecurity is identified as a key risk within our Enterprise Risk Management (“ERM”) program. The Company strives to implement cybersecurity policies, standards, processes and controls for assessing, identifying and managing material risks from
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cybersecurity threats and responding to cybersecurity attacks that are aligned with industry best practices and applicable frameworks.
We have an information technology (“IT”) security team, led by our chief information security officer, that is responsible for implementing and maintaining cybersecurity and data protection practices at the Company in close coordination with senior leadership and other teams across GameStop. We seek to address cybersecurity risks through a cross-functional approach, including relevant training for applicable associates and regular reviews and tests of our cybersecurity program that leverage audits performed by our internal audit team. In addition to our in-house cybersecurity capabilities, at times we also engage consultants or other third parties to assist with assessing, identifying and managing cybersecurity risks.
We use processes to oversee and identify material risks from cybersecurity threats associated with our use of third-party technology and systems.We maintain processes designed to reduce the impact of a cybersecurity attack or other compromise at a third-party vendor.
We maintain a cybersecurity incident response plan, which details the incident response procedures and points of contact related to the response processes. The response plan includes a decision-tree-based playbook, which is a supplement to the plan, and focuses on specific types of incidents and the appropriate response steps.
As of the date of this report, we are not aware of any recent cybersecurity attacks that have materially affected or are reasonably likely to materially affect the Company, including our business strategy, results of operations or financial condition.
See “Item 1A. Risk Factors” for additional information about the risks to our business associated with a breach or compromise to our data and information security systems.
Governance
As indicated above, we have an IT security team, led by our chief information security officer, that is responsible for implementing and maintaining centralized cybersecurity and data protection practices at the Company in close coordination with senior leadership and other teams across GameStop. The security team’s leadership has an average of 13 years of prior work experience in various roles including monitoring, response, compliance and privacy. These individuals are informed about, and monitor the prevention, mitigation, detection and remediation of cybersecurity incidents through their management of, and participation in, the cybersecurity risk management and strategy processes described above, including the operation of our incident response plan, and report to the Audit Committee on any appropriate items.
The Audit Committee of the Board of Directors, with input from management, assesses the measures implemented by us to mitigate and prevent cybersecurity attacks or other compromise. The Company’s IT team consults with, and provides regular updates to, our Audit Committee, as well as members of our senior management team, as appropriate, on technology and cybersecurity matters, the status of projects to strengthen our information security systems, assessments of our cybersecurity program, and timely reports regarding any cybersecurity attack that meets established reporting thresholds. Our Audit Committee has oversight responsibility for our cybersecurity program.
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ITEM 2. PROPERTIES
All of our retail stores are leased. Store leases typically provide for a lease term of one to five years, plus renewal options. This arrangement gives us the flexibility to pursue extension or relocation opportunities that arise from changing market conditions. We believe that, as current leases expire, we will be able to obtain either renewals at present locations or leases for similar locations in the same area.
The terms of the store leases for the 3,203 leased stores open as of February 1, 2025 expire as follows.
Lease Terms to Expire During Numberof Stores
As of February 1, 2025, we owned zero and leased 11 distribution facilities, totaling approximately 1.8 million square feet. The lease expiration dates for the leased facilities range from 2025 to 2032, with an average remaining lease life, including reasonably certain options, of approximately six years.
The following table presents our principal facilities(1) . Additional information regarding our properties can be found in Item 1, “Business—Store Locations” in this Form 10-K.
Location Segment SquareFootage Owned orLeased Use
Brampton, Ontario, Canada Canada 119,000 Leased Distribution and administration
Sophia Antipolis, France Europe 18,165 Leased Administration
Paris, France Europe 76,000 Leased Distribution
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(1) In fiscal 2024 we closed our York, Pennsylvania distribution facility to consolidate U.S. fulfillment activities to our Grapevine, Texas facility. In fiscal 2024 we divested our operations in Italy, which included our facility in Milan, Italy. In fiscal 2024 we relocated our U.S. refurbishment operations into our distribution and administration facility in Grapevine Texas. Previously these refurbishment operations were performed in a separate facility also located in Grapevine, Texas.
ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
The matters included in Part II, Item 8, Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, Note 15, "Commitments and Contingencies - Legal Proceedings" included in this Form 10-K are incorporated by reference.
ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES
Not applicable.
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PART II
ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES
Our Class A Common Stock is traded on the NYSE under the symbol “GME”. As of March 19, 2025, there were 447,083,981 shares of our Class A Common Stock outstanding. Of those outstanding shares, approximately 377.6 million were held by Cede & Co on behalf of the Depository Trust & Clearing Corporation (or approximately 84% of our outstanding shares) and approximately 69.5 million shares of our Class A Common Stock were held by registered holders with our transfer agent (or approximately 16% of our outstanding shares). As of March 19, 2025, there were 190,074 record holders of our Class A Common Stock.
On June 3, 2019, our Board of Directors elected to eliminate our quarterly dividend in an effort to strengthen our balance sheet and provide increased financial flexibility. During the past five fiscal years, we have not declared, and do not anticipate declaring in the near term, dividends on shares of our Class A Common Stock. We currently use, and will continue to use, all available funds and any future earnings for working capital and general corporate purposes, maintaining a strong balance sheet, potential strategic initiatives and capital expenditures. Any determination to pay dividends in the future will be at the discretion of our Board of Directors and will depend upon results of operations, financial condition, contractual restrictions, including those under the agreements governing our existing indebtedness, and other factors our Board of Directors deems relevant.
Stock Comparative Performance Graph
The following graph compares the cumulative total stockholder return on our Class A Common Stock for the period commencing January 28, 2019 through January 31, 2025 (the last trading date of fiscal 2024) with the cumulative total return on the Standard & Poor’s 500 Stock Index (the “S&P 500”) and the Dow Jones Retailers, Other Specialty Industry Group Index (the “Dow Jones Specialty Retailers Index”) over the same period. Total return values were calculated based on cumulative total return assuming (i) the investment of $100 in our Class A Common Stock, the S&P 500 and the Dow Jones Specialty Retailers Index on January 28, 2019 and (ii) reinvestment of dividends.
The following stock performance graph and related information shall not be deemed “soliciting material” or “filed” with the SEC, nor should such information be incorporated by reference into any future filings under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act, except to the extent that we specifically incorporate it by reference in such filing.
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As noted above under the heading "Risk Factors — Risk Related to Our Class A Common Stock", the market price of our Class A Common Stock has been extremely volatile due to circumstances outside of our control, including a short squeeze in 2021 that led to volatile price movements that were unrelated or disproportionate to our operating performance.
Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
On March 4, 2019, our Board of Directors approved a share repurchase authorization allowing us to repurchase up to $300.0 million of our Class A Common Stock. The authorization has no expiration date. We did not repurchase shares during fiscal 2024 or fiscal 2023. As of February 1, 2025, we have $101.3 million remaining under the repurchase authorization. Refer to Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis - "Share Repurchases" for additional information.
ITEM 6. RESERVED
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ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following discussion should be read in conjunction with the information contained in our consolidated financial statements, including the notes thereto. Statements regarding future economic performance, management’s plans and objectives, and any statements concerning assumptions related to the foregoing contained in Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations constitute forward-looking statements. Certain factors, which may cause actual results to vary materially from these forward-looking statements, accompany such statements or appear elsewhere in this Form 10-K, including the disclosures under Part I, Item 1A, “Risk Factors.”
In Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, we provide a detailed analysis for fiscal 2024 compared to fiscal 2023. For a comparison of our results of operations for fiscal 2023 compared to fiscal 2022, see “Part II, Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” of our annual report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended February 3, 2024, as filed with the SEC on March 26, 2024.
OVERVIEW
GameStop Corp. (“GameStop,” “we,” “us,” “our” or the “Company”), a Delaware corporation established in 1996, is a leading specialty retailer offering games and entertainment products through its thousands of stores and ecommerce platforms.
BUSINESS PRIORITIES
Our strategy involves (i) using our cash and other sources of liquidity to maximize shareholder value, including through potential investment and/or acquisition opportunities and (ii) optimizing our retail business to achieve profitability.
Investment Policy
On March 18, 2025, the Board of Directors of the Company (the "Board") unanimously authorized a revised investment policy (the “Investment Policy”). In accordance with the revised Investment Policy, the Board has delegated authority to manage the Company’s portfolio of securities investments to an Investment Committee of the Board (the "Investment Committee") consisting of the Company’s Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer, Ryan Cohen, and two independent members of the Board, together with such personnel and advisors as the Investment Committee may choose. The Investment Committee regularly reviews risks related to the Company's investment portfolio, including concentration risk. When allocating cash to various investment opportunities and considering related investment risk, the Investment Committee considers market-based factors, including risk adjusted after-tax yields. When reviewing concentration risk, the Investment Committee considers the liquidity needs of the Company, among other things.
Investments are made in accordance with the guidelines in the Investment Policy that is reviewed at least annually, with oversight conducted by senior officers and the Investment Committee.
The overall goals of the Investment Policy are to provide sufficient liquidity to meet the day-to-day financial obligations of the Company, and to optimize investment returns within the guidelines of the Investment Policy. Permissible investment instruments include cash and cash equivalents (e.g. bank obligations, money market funds, and commercial paper), fixed income securities (e.g. obligations of the U.S. Treasury and U.S. Government, tax exempt obligations of states and municipalities, and corporate bonds/notes), equity securities (limited to those listed on the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”), NYSE American, NYSE Arca or the Nasdaq Stock Market and in compliance with the listing standards of the applicable exchange) and certain crypto-currencies, including Bitcoin. Individual exceptions to the Investment Policy may only be made by the unanimous agreement of the Investment Committee or, if the Investment Committee is unable to reach unanimous agreement on such exception, by the Board.
On March 25, 2025 we announced that, as part of our revisions to the Investment Policy, the Board approved the addition of Bitcoin as a treasury reserve asset, whereby a portion of our cash or future debt and equity issuances may be invested in Bitcoin. We have not set a maximum amount of Bitcoin we may accumulate, and may sell any Bitcoin we may acquire.
The Investment Committee will direct the investment activity of the Company in public and private markets pursuant to authority granted by the Board. Depending on certain market conditions and various risk factors, Mr. Cohen or other members of the Investment Committee, each in their personal capacity or through affiliated investment vehicles, may at times invest in the same securities in which the Company invests. The Board anticipates that such investments will align the interests of the Company with the interests of related parties because it places the personal resources of such directors at risk in substantially the same manner as resources of the Company in connection with investment decisions made by the Investment Committee on behalf of the Company.
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Retail Business
GameStop is actively focused on the below objectives:
•Establish Omnichannel Retail Excellence. We aim to be the leading destination for games and entertainment products through our stores and ecommerce platforms.
•Achieve Profitability. During fiscal 2024, we continued to optimize our cost structure to align with our current and anticipated future needs. We will continue to focus on cost containment as we look to operate with increased efficiency.
•Expand Our Addressable Market. We continue to explore ways to increase the size of our addressable market through new product and service offerings, including offerings in the graded collectibles category. Expansion of these categories provides the Company with margin accretive opportunities that can assist the Company in achieving its profitability goals.
In connection with our efforts to achieve sustained profitability, we continue to evaluate our international assets and operations, to determine their strategic and financial fit and to eliminate redundancies and underperforming assets. To date we have taken the following steps as part of this ongoing effort:
•During fiscal 2023, we exited our operations in Ireland, Switzerland, and Austria.
•During the fourth quarter of fiscal 2024 we closed down our store operations in Germany
•During the fourth quarter of fiscal 2024, we sold our Italian subsidiary, GameStop Italy S.r.l, which operated our Italian stores and e-commerce business. The stores in Italy will continue to operate under the GameStop brand for a transition period of up to six months. We recognized impairment expense of $7.6 million on the assets and a loss of $0.5 million during fiscal 2024 in connection with the sale. The proceeds and loss on the sale were immaterial to our financial results.
•On February 18, 2025, we announced a plan to pursue a sale of our operations in France and Canada
We have also initiated a comprehensive store portfolio optimization review which involves identifying stores for closure based on many factors, including an evaluation of current market conditions and individual store performance. This review, among other things, resulted in the closure of 590 stores in the United States in fiscal 2024. While this review is ongoing and a specific set of stores has not been identified for closure, we anticipate closing a significant number of additional stores in fiscal 2025.
While we expect our cost containment efforts to yield reductions in selling, general and administrative ("SG&A") expenses in the long term, we have incurred and may continue to incur non-recurring costs related to these efforts in the short term.
We also continue to explore ways to increase the size of our addressable market through new product and service offerings, including offerings in the graded collectibles category. On October 15, 2024, GameStop announced that it had entered into a collaboration with Collectors Holdings, Inc., through its Professional Sports Authenticator division ("PSA"). As part of this collaboration, GameStop became an authorized PSA dealer, and PSA provides autograph authentication and grading services for trading cards through select GameStop stores across the United States.
STORE COUNT INFORMATION
The following table presents the number of stores by segment as of the end of fiscal 2024 compared to the end of fiscal 2023.
February 3, 2024 Openings Disposals February 1, 2025
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CONSOLIDATED RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following table presents certain statement of operations items (in millions) and as a percentage of net sales:
Amount Percent of Net Sales Amount Percent of Net Sales $ %
(1) “NM” is data that is not meaningful.
Net Sales
The following table presents net sales by significant product category:
Net Sales Percent of Net Sales Net Sales Percent of Net Sales $ %
The following table presents net sales by reportable segment:
Net Sales Percent of Net Sales Net Sales Percent of Net Sales $ %
During fiscal 2024, total net sales decreased 27.5% compared to the prior year, with net sales in our Europe, Canada, United States, and Australia segments decreasing by 38.0%, 30.2%, 24.9%, and 22.5%, respectively, compared to the prior year. The decrease in consolidated net sales in fiscal 2024 compared to the prior year was primarily attributable to a $516.6 million or 33.9% decline in the sales of software, a $897.1 million or 29.9% decline in the sale of hardware and accessories, and a $36.1 million or 4.8% decline in the sales of collectibles.
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Gross Profit
Gross profit decreased $180.3 million or 13.9% in fiscal 2024 compared to the prior year, and gross profit as a percentage of net sales increased to 29.1% in fiscal 2024 compared to 24.5% in the prior year.
The decrease in gross profit in fiscal 2024 compared to the prior year is primarily attributable to the decrease in net sales, as further outlined in the net sales commentary. The increase in gross profit as a percentage of net sales is primarily due to a shift to higher margin product categories, specifically collectibles and preowned hardware and accessories, as well as improvements in inventory management. Sales of collectibles as a percentage of total net sales increased to 18.8% in the current year, compared to 14.3% in the prior year. Sales of pre-owned hardware and accessories as a percentage of total net sales increased to 11.5% in the current year, compared to 9.3% in the prior year.
Selling, General, and Administrative Expenses
SG&A expenses decreased $193.5 million or 14.6% in fiscal 2024 compared to the prior year, and SG&A as a percentage of net sales increased to 29.6%, in fiscal 2024, compared to 25.1% the prior year.
The decrease in SG&A expenses in fiscal 2024 compared to the prior year is primarily attributable to a $157.2 million reduction in labor-related costs, consulting services costs, and marketing expenses, driven by our continued focus on cost reduction efforts. Store related costs decreased $30.7 million in the current year in connection with store closures, primarily in our European segment. The increase in SG&A as a percentage of net sales is primarily attributable to the decrease in net sales relative to the decrease in SG&A expenses, as further outlined in the net sales commentary.
Asset Impairments
Asset impairments related to store-level assets increased $4.9 million to $9.7 million in fiscal 2024, compared to $4.8 million in the prior year. See Item 8, Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, Note 5 "Segment Information" for additional information related to the impact of impairment charges by segment.
Interest Income, Net
Interest income, net increased $113.9 million to $163.4 million in fiscal 2024, compared to $49.5 million in the prior year. The increase is primarily attributable to an increase in cash and cash equivalents resulting from the issuance and sale of shares of our Class A Common Stock under the ATM Transactions, as well as higher interest rates in the current year compared to the prior year.
Income Tax Expense, Net
Income tax expense, net decreased $0.5 million to $5.9 million in fiscal 2024, compared to $6.4 million in the prior year. The company reported an effective tax rate of 4.3% in fiscal 2024 down from 48.9% in the prior year. This decrease in effective tax rate is primarily attributable to a $113.9 million increase in interest income and a corresponding $24 million increase in statutory tax expense, offset by tax benefits recognized in the current year. See Item 8, Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, Note 14, "Income Taxes," for additional information.
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LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
Cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities
Cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities $ 4,774.9 $ 1,199.3
Sources of Liquidity; Uses of Capital
Our principal sources of liquidity are cash on hand and cash from operations. As of February 1, 2025, we had total unrestricted cash and cash equivalents on hand of $4,756.9 million and marketable securities of $18.0 million.
Our cash and cash equivalents are carried at fair value and consist primarily of cash, money market funds, cash deposits with commercial banks, U.S. government bonds and notes, and highly rated direct short-term instruments with original maturities of 90 days or less.
Our marketable securities are also carried at fair value and include investments in certain highly-rated short-term government notes, government bills, and time deposits. As of February 1, 2025, the investment portfolios' aggregate balance was $18.0 million, all of which have an original maturity in excess of 90 days and less than one year and are classified as marketable securities on our Consolidated Balance Sheets.
On an ongoing basis, we evaluate and consider certain strategic operating alternatives, including divestitures, restructuring or dissolution of unprofitable business segments, uses for our excess cash, as well as equity and debt financing alternatives that we believe may enhance stockholder value. The nature, amount and timing of any strategic operational change, or financing transactions that we might pursue will depend on a variety of factors, including, as of the applicable time, our available cash and liquidity and operating performance; our commitments and obligations; our capital requirements; limitations imposed under our credit arrangements; and overall market conditions.
On March 18, 2025, the Board approved a revised Investment Policy. See "Part II, Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Investments” for more information. Gains and losses on marketable securities may fluctuate significantly from period to period in the future and could have a significant impact on the Company’s results of operations. However, the amount of gain or loss on marketable securities for any given period may have no predictive value and variations in amount from period to period may have no analytical value.
In fiscal 2021, six separate unsecured term loans held by our French subsidiary, Micromania SAS, for a total of €40.0 million were extended for five years. As of February 1, 2025, $16.9 million remains outstanding.
In November 2021, we entered into a credit agreement for a secured asset-based credit facility comprised of a $500 million revolving line of credit maturing in November 2026 ("2026 Revolver"). The 2026 Revolver included a $50 million swing loan revolving sub-facility, a $50 million Canadian revolving sub-facility, and a $250 million letter of credit sublimit. On March 22, 2024, we delivered an irrevocable notice pursuant to the 2026 Revolver that reduced the $500 million revolving line of credit to $250 million. The 2026 Revolver continued to include a $50 million swing loan sub-facility, a $50 million Canadian sub-facility and a $250 million letter of credit sublimit. On August 27, 2024, we voluntarily terminated the 2026 Revolver, including all commitments and obligations thereunder.
Some of our vendors have requested and may continue to request credit support collateral for our inventory purchase obligations and the levels of such collateral will depend on a variety of factors, including our inventory purchase levels, available payment terms for inventories, favorable credit terms, and costs of providing collateral.
We maintain uncommitted facilities with certain lenders that provide for the issuance of letters of credit and bank guarantees, at times supported by cash collateral. As of February 1, 2025, we had letters of credit and other bank guarantees outstanding in the amount of $7.3 million.
On May 17, 2024, we entered into an Open Market Sale AgreementSM with Jefferies LLC (the “Sales Agent”) providing for the sale by the Company of shares of our Class A Common Stock, par value $0.001 per share (“Common Shares”), from time to time, through the Sales Agent in connection with an “at-the-market offering” program (the “ATM Offerings”).
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Pursuant to the prospectus supplement relating to the ATM Offerings filed with the SEC on May 17, 2024, we sold an aggregate of 45.0 million Common Shares for aggregate gross proceeds before commissions and offering expenses of approximately $933.4 million.
Pursuant to the prospectus supplement relating to the ATM Offerings filed with the SEC on June 7, 2024, we sold an aggregate of 75.0 million additional Common Shares for aggregate gross proceeds before commissions and offering expenses of approximately $2,137.0 million.
Pursuant to the prospectus supplement relating to the ATM Offerings filed with the SEC on September 10, 2024, we sold an aggregate of 20.0 million additional Common Shares for aggregate gross proceeds before commissions and offering expenses of approximately $400.0 million.
We intend to use the net proceeds from the ATM Offerings for general corporate purposes, which may include acquisitions and investments in a manner consistent with the Investment Policy.
Cash Flows
The following table presents a summary of our cash flows from operating, investing, and financing activities, as reflected in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows:
Cash provided by (used in) operating activities $ 145.7 $ (203.7) $ 349.4
Cash provided by (used in) investing activities 265.1 (33.2) 298.3
Cash provided by (used in) financing activities 3,443.0 (11.6) 3,454.6
Operating Activities
In fiscal 2024, cash provided by operating activities were $145.7 million, compared with cash used in operations of $203.7 million in fiscal 2023.
Cash provided by operating activities during fiscal 2024 was primarily due to the impact of our net income, a decrease in merchandise inventories, and a decrease in receivables, partially offset by a decrease in accounts payable and accrued liabilities.
Cash used in operating activities during fiscal 2023 was primarily due to a decrease in accounts payable and accrued liabilities, partially offset by a decrease in accounts receivable and the impact of our net income. The decrease in accounts payable and accrued liabilities was primarily due to the timing of payments for merchandise inventory as a result of an additional week in fiscal 2023 compared to fiscal 2022.
Investing Activities
In fiscal 2024, cash provided by investing activities were $265.1 million, compared to cash used in investing activities of $33.2 million in fiscal 2023.
Cash provided by investing activities during fiscal 2024 was primarily attributable to proceeds from the maturity of marketable securities and proceeds from the sale of property and equipment in our Europe segment, partially offset by purchases of marketable securities and routine capital expenditures.
Cash used in investing activities during fiscal 2023 was primarily due to purchases of marketable securities, ongoing technological investments, and store-related capital expenditures, partially offset by proceeds from sales and maturities of marketable securities, and proceeds from the sale of property and equipment in our Europe segment.
Financing activities
In fiscal 2024, cash provided by financing activities were $3,443.0 million, compared to cash used in financing activities of $11.6 million in fiscal 2023.
Cash provided by financing activities during fiscal 2024 was primarily due to net proceeds of $3,453.8 million received from the issuance and sale of shares of our Class A Common Stock in connection with the ATM Offerings, partially offset by repayments on our government-guaranteed low interest French term loans due October 2022 through October 2026.
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Cash used in financing activities during fiscal 2023 was attributable to the repayments on our government-guaranteed low interest French term loans due October 2022 through October 2026 and the settlement of stock-based awards.
Share Repurchases
On March 4, 2019, our Board of Directors approved a share repurchase authorization allowing us to repurchase up to $300.0 million of our Class A Common Stock. The authorization has no expiration date.
We did not repurchase shares during fiscal 2024, fiscal 2023 or fiscal 2022. As of February 1, 2025, we have $101.3 million remaining under the repurchase authorization.
OFF-BALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTS
We had no material off-balance sheet arrangements as of February 1, 2025 other than those disclosed in Item 8, Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, Note 15, "Commitments and Contingencies".
CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. In preparing these financial statements, we have made our best estimates and judgments of certain amounts included in the financial statements, giving due consideration to materiality. Changes in the estimates and assumptions used by us could have a significant impact on our financial results, and actual results could differ from those estimates. Our senior management has discussed the development and selection of these critical accounting policies, as well as the significant accounting policies disclosed in Item 8, Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, Note 2, "Summary of Significant Accounting Policies," with the Audit Committee of our Board of Directors. We believe the following accounting policies are the most critical to aid in fully understanding and evaluating our reporting of transactions and events, and the estimates these policies involve our most difficult, subjective or complex judgments.
Valuation of Merchandise Inventories
Our merchandise inventories are carried at the lower of cost or market generally using the average cost method. Under the average cost method, as new product is received from vendors, its current cost is added to the existing cost of product on-hand and this amount is re-averaged over the cumulative units. Pre-owned gaming systems traded in by customers are recorded as inventory at the amount of the store credit given to the customer. In valuing inventory, we are required to make assumptions regarding the necessity of reserves required to value potentially obsolete or over-valued items at the lower of cost or market. We consider quantities on hand, recent sales, potential price protections and returns to vendors, among other factors, when making these assumptions.
Our ability to gauge these factors is dependent upon our ability to forecast customer demand and to provide a well-balanced merchandise assortment. Any inability to forecast customer demand properly could lead to increased costs associated with write-downs of inventory to reflect volumes or pricing of inventory which we believe represents the net realizable value. A 10% change in our obsolescence reserve percentage at February 1, 2025 would have affected net earnings by approximately $1.5 million in fiscal 2024.
Customer Liabilities
Our GameStop Pro® rewards program allows paid members to earn points on purchases that can be redeemed for rewards that include discounts or coupons. We allocate the transaction price between the product and loyalty points earned based on the relative stand-alone selling prices and expected point redemption. The portion allocated to the loyalty points is initially recorded as deferred revenue and subsequently recognized as revenue upon redemption or expiration. The two primary estimates utilized to record the deferred revenue for loyalty points earned by members are the estimated retail price per point and estimated amount of points that will never be redeemed, which is a concept known in the retail industry as "breakage." Additionally, we sell gift cards to our customers in our retail stores, through our website and through selected third parties. At the point of sale, a liability is established for the value of the gift card. We recognize revenue from gift cards when the card is redeemed by the customer and recognize estimated breakage on gift cards in proportion to historical redemption patterns.
The two primary estimates utilized to record the balance sheet liability for loyalty points earned by members are the estimated redemption rate and the estimated weighted-average retail price per point redeemed. We use historical redemption rates experienced under our loyalty program as a basis for estimating the ultimate redemption rate of points earned. We estimate breakage of loyalty points and unredeemed gift cards based on historical redemption rates. The
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weighted-average retail price per point redeemed is based on our most recent actual loyalty point redemptions and is adjusted as appropriate for recent changes in redemption values, including the mix of rewards redeemed. Our estimate of the amount and timing of gift card redemptions is based primarily on historical transaction experience.
We continually evaluate our methodology and assumptions based on developments in redemption patterns, retail price per point redeemed and other factors. Changes in the ultimate redemption rate and weighted-average retail price per point redeemed have the effect of either increasing or decreasing the deferred revenue balance through current period revenue by an amount estimated to cover the retail value of all points previously earned but not yet redeemed by loyalty program members as of the end of the reporting period. A 10% change in our customer loyalty program redemption rate or a 10% change in our weighted-average retail value per point redeemed at February 1, 2025, in each case, would have affected net earnings by approximately $1.4 million in fiscal 2024. A 10% change in our gift card breakage rate at February 1, 2025 would have affected net earnings by approximately $9.5 million in fiscal 2024. A 10% change in our reservation breakage at February 1, 2025 would have affected net earnings by approximately $1.3 million in fiscal 2024.
Income Taxes
We account for income taxes utilizing an asset and liability approach, and deferred taxes are determined based on the estimated future tax effect of differences between the financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates. As a result of our operations in many foreign countries, our global tax rate is derived from a combination of applicable tax rates in the various jurisdictions in which we operate.
The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development ("OECD"), supported by 140 of their member countries, have agreed to implement a minimum 15% tax rate on certain multinational enterprises and have released model guidance. This global minimum tax, known as the Pillar Two framework, became effective across various countries in 2024, as each country works to enact legislation influenced by the OECD Pillar Two rules. In 2024, the Company had no impact on its effective tax rate after the adoption of the Pillar Two framework. The Company will continue to evaluate additional guidance released by the OECD, along with the pending and adopted legislation in each of the countries in which we operate.
Additionally, a valuation allowance is recorded against a deferred tax asset if it is not more likely than not that the asset will be realized. We assess the available positive and negative evidence to estimate whether sufficient future taxable income will be generated to permit use of the existing deferred tax assets. Several factors are considered in evaluating the realizability of our deferred tax assets, including the remaining years available for carry forward, the tax laws for the applicable jurisdictions, the future profitability of the specific business units, and tax planning strategies. Based on our analysis, we have determined that it is more likely than not that some portion of our deferred tax assets will not be realized. Our valuation allowances decreased by $63.9 million to $291.3 million as of February 1, 2025, primarily because it is was determined that it is more likely than not that some of the existing gross and/or net deferred tax assets will be recognized. See Item 8, Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, Note 14, "Income Taxes," for additional information.
We maintain accruals for uncertain tax positions until examination of the tax year is completed by the taxing authority, available review periods expire, or additional facts and circumstances cause us to change our assessment of the appropriate accrual amount. Our liability for uncertain tax positions was $7.5 millionas of February 1, 2025. Considerable management judgment is necessary to assess the inherent uncertainties related to the interpretations of complex tax laws, regulations and taxing authority rulings, as well as to the expiration of statutes of limitations in the jurisdictions in which we operate. We base our estimate of an annual effective tax rate at any given point in time on a calculated mix of the tax rates applicable to our operations and to estimates of the amount of income to be derived in any given jurisdiction. We file our tax returns based on our understanding of the appropriate tax rules and regulations. However, complexities in the tax rules and our operations, as well as positions taken publicly by the taxing authorities, may lead us to conclude that accruals for uncertain tax positions are required.
Our judgments and estimates concerning uncertain tax positions may change as a result of evaluation of new information, such as the outcome of tax audits or changes to or further interpretations of tax laws and regulations. Our judgments and estimates concerning realizability of deferred tax assets could change if any of the evaluation factors change. If such changes take place, there is a risk that our effective tax rate could increase or decrease in any period, impacting our net earnings.
RECENT ACCOUNTING STANDARDS AND PRONOUNCEMENTS
See Item 8, Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, Note 3, "New Accounting Pronouncements," for recent accounting standards and pronouncements.
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ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
We are exposed to market risk due to foreign currency fluctuations, described more fully below.
Foreign Currency Risk
We use forward exchange contracts to manage currency risk primarily related to intercompany loans denominated in non-functional currencies. The forward exchange contracts are not designated as hedges and, therefore, changes in the fair values of these derivatives are recognized in earnings, thereby offsetting the current earnings effect of the re-measurement of related intercompany loans. We recognized a gain of $0.9 million and a gain of $2.0 million in SG&A expenses in our Consolidated Statement of Operations related to derivative instruments for the fiscal years ended February 1, 2025 and February 3, 2024, respectively. The aggregate fair value of the forward exchange contracts as of February 1, 2025 and February 3, 2024 was a net liability of zero, respectively, as measured by observable inputs obtained from market news reporting services, such as Bloomberg, and industry-standard models that consider various assumptions, including quoted forward prices, time value, volatility factors, and contractual prices for the underlying instruments, as well as other relevant economic measures. As of February 1, 2025, we do not have any outstanding derivatives or contracts, and we do not have foreign exchange risk exposures due to foreign exchange derivatives or contracts.
We do not use derivative financial instruments for trading or speculative purposes. We are exposed to counterparty credit risk on all of our derivative financial instruments and cash equivalent investments. We manage counterparty risk according to the guidelines and controls established under comprehensive risk management and investment policies. We continuously monitor our counterparty credit risk and utilize a number of different counterparties to minimize our exposure to potential defaults. We do not require collateral under derivative or investment agreements.
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ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Page
GameStop Corp. Consolidated Financial Statements:
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (PCAOB ID No. 34) 33
Consolidated Financial Statements:
Consolidated Balance Sheets 35
Consolidated Statements of Operations 36
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive (Income) Loss 37
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows 38
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity 40
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements:
1. General Information 41
2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies 41
3. New Accounting Pronouncements 47
5. Segment Information 49
6. Associates' Defined Contribution Plan 50
7. Earnings Per Share 51
8. Property and Equipment. 51
10. Intangible Assets 53
11. Fair Value Measurements 54
12. Accrued and Other Current Liabilities 56
15. Commitments and Contingencies 60
16. Class A Common Stock and Share-Based Compensation 60
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REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Stockholders and the Board of Directors of GameStop Corp.
Opinion on the Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of GameStop Corp. and subsidiaries (the "Company") as of February 1, 2025 and February 3, 2024, the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive loss, stockholders' equity, and cash flows for the 52 weeks ended February 1, 2025, the 53 weeks ended February 3, 2024 and the 52 weeks ended January 28, 2023, and the related notes and the schedule listed in the Index at Item 15 (collectively referred to as the "financial statements"). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of February 1, 2025 and February 3, 2024 and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the 52 weeks ended February 1, 2025, the 53 weeks ended February 3, 2024, and the 52 weeks ended and January 28, 2023, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of February 1, 2025, based on criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission and our report dated March 25, 2025, expressed an unqualified opinion on the Company's internal control over financial reporting.
Basis for Opinion
These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company's financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Critical Audit Matter
The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current-period audit of the financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that (1) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of the critical audit matter does not alter in any way our opinion on the financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing separate opinions on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which they relate.
Valuation of Merchandise Inventories - Refer to Note 2 to the financial statements.
Critical Audit Matter Description
The Company carries merchandise inventories at the lower of cost or net realizable value generally using the average cost method. Under the average cost method, as new product is received from vendors, its current cost is added to the existing cost of product on-hand and this amount is re-averaged over the cumulative units. The Company is required to make adjustments to inventory to reflect potential obsolescence or over-valuation as a result of cost exceeding market. In valuing inventory, the Company considers quantities on hand, recent sales, potential price protections, returns to vendors and other factors. The Company’s ability to assess these factors is dependent upon their ability to forecast customer demand and to provide a well-balanced merchandise assortment.
We identified the reserve for merchandise inventory in certain geographies as a critical audit matter because of the significant estimates and assumptions management uses to estimate potential obsolescence. The estimates and assumptions used by management include consideration of quantities on hand, recent sales prices, and key customer
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demand product metrics, such as inventory turnover and product margins. Evaluation of this estimate required a high degree of auditor judgment and an increased extent of effort when (1) performing audit procedures to evaluate the reasonableness of the estimates and assumptions used by management, and (2) performing audit testing of the key inputs to the related calculations, to evaluate whether the reserve for merchandise inventory in certain geographies was appropriately recorded as of February 1, 2025.
How the Critical Audit Matter Was Addressed in the Audit
Our audit procedures related to the excess, slow-moving, and obsolete merchandise inventory reserve in certain geographies included the following, among others:
•We tested the design and operating effectiveness of the controls over the valuation of inventories.
•We evaluated the appropriateness and consistency of management’s methods and assumptions used in developing their estimate of the excess, slow-moving, and obsolete inventory reserve, which included consideration of reserve trends and performance of sensitivity analyses of key assumptions.
•We performed analysis of key product metrics, such as inventory turnover and product margins, to identify and evaluate slow moving inventory categories, negative margins, or other trends.
•We performed testing on the underlying data used in management’s obsolescence analysis by validating the application of management’s key assumptions to the overall determination of the excess, slow-moving, and obsolete inventory reserve.
/s/ DELOITTE & TOUCHE LLP
Dallas, Texas
March 25, 2025
We have served as the Company's auditor since 2013.
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GAMESTOP CORP.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(in millions, except par value per share)
ASSETS
Current assets:
Receivables, net of allowance of $4.7 and $4.4, respectively 60.9 91.0
Prepaid expenses and other current assets 39.0 51.4
Operating lease right-of-use assets 374.1 555.8
Deferred income taxes 18.1 17.3
Other noncurrent assets 60.0 66.8
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Accrued liabilities and other current liabilities 362.2 412.0
Current portion of operating lease liabilities 144.3 187.7
Current portion of long-term debt 10.3 10.8
Other long-term liabilities 24.1 31.6
Stockholders’ equity:
Accumulated other comprehensive loss (94.0) (83.6)
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity $ 5,875.4 $ 2,709.0
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
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GAMESTOP CORP.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(in millions, except per share data)
Fiscal Year ended
Other expense, net — 1.9 —
Net income (loss) per share:
Weighted-average shares outstanding:
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
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GAMESTOP CORP.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
(in millions)
Fiscal Year Ended
Other comprehensive income (loss):
Foreign currency translation adjustments (8.3) (11.6) (2.3)
Reclassification of foreign currency gain included in net income (2.3) (1.0) —
Net change in unrealized loss on available-for-sale securities — (0.1) (0.9)
Unrealized gain on marketable securities 0.2 — —
Total comprehensive income (loss) $ 120.9 $ (5.0) $ (316.3)
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
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GAMESTOP CORP.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(in millions)
Fiscal Year Ended
Cash flows from operating activities:
Stock-based compensation expense, net 16.4 22.2 40.1
Gain on sale of digital assets — — (7.2)
Digital asset impairments — — 34.0
Deferred income taxes (1.8) (0.1) (2.6)
(Gain) loss on disposal of property and equipment, net (7.1) 1.5 2.5
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Prepaid expenses and other assets 4.9 10.4 (25.2)
Prepaid income taxes and income taxes payable 3.7 (2.4) 172.4
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities (179.5) (397.7) (66.2)
Operating lease right-of-use assets and lease liabilities 1.6 (8.1) (4.9)
Changes in other long-term liabilities 3.0 (2.9) —
Net cash flows provided by (used in) operating activities 145.7 (203.7) 108.2
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchases of marketable securities (61.4) (326.8) (276.8)
Proceeds from maturities and sales of marketable securities 316.8 312.6 27.5
Proceeds from sale of property and equipment 15.3 13.1 —
Proceeds from sale of a business unit 7.0 — —
Proceeds from sale of digital assets — 2.8 81.9
Net cash flows provided by (used in) investing activities 265.1 (33.2) (222.7)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Repayments of French term loans (10.8) (10.7) (3.9)
Settlement of stock-based awards — (0.9) (4.0)
Net cash flows provided by (used in) financing activities 3,443.0 (11.6) (7.9)
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SUPPLEMENTAL CASH FLOW INFORMATION:
Cash received for interest income $ 162.9 $ 47.9 $ 8.2
Cash paid for interest (1.2) (3.2) (2.6)
Cash received for interest, net $ 161.7 $ 44.7 $ 5.6
Cash paid for income taxes $ (6.2) $ (11.2) $ (13.5)
Cash (paid) refunded for income taxes, net $ (1.8) $ (8.2) $ 162.5
Non-cash investing and financing activities:
Accruals related to purchases of property and equipment $ 0.2 $ 0.3 $ 1.1
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
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GAMESTOP CORP.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
(in millions, except for per share data)
Shares Amount
Foreign currency translation — — — (2.3) — (2.3)
Stock-based compensation expense — — 40.1 — — 40.1