FTLF US Equity☆

ITEM 1A - Risk Factors

An investment in our securities involves a high degree of risk. You should carefully consider the following information about these risks, together with the other information contained in this Annual Report, before investing in our securities. If any of the events anticipated by the risks described below occur, our results of operations and financial condition could be adversely affected, which could result in a decline in the market price of our securities, causing you to lose all or part of your investment.

Risks Relating to our Business and Industry

We face significant competition in the markets in which we compete. If we are not able to compete effectively, we maynot be able to increase sales or maintain profitability.

We face intense competition in the markets in which we compete, including from numerous resellers, manufacturers and wholesalers of nutritional supplements and brands similar to ours, including retail, online and mail-order providers. Competition in our industry is based on, among other things, product quality, taste, functional benefits, nutritional value and ingredients, convenience, brand loyalty and positioning, product variety, product packaging, shelf space, price, promotional activities and the ability to identify and satisfy dynamic, emerging consumer preferences. Many of our competitors offer a wider range of products than we offer, and/or may offer their products at more competitive prices than we do. And many of our competitors have longer operating histories, more-established brands in the marketplace, greater financial resources, better access to capital, and a greater social and digital media presence than we have. These competitors may use their resources to engage in various business activities that could place greater pressure on the sales of our products, resulting in reduced operating profit. Companies with greater capital and research capabilities could re-formulate existing products or formulate new products that could gain wide market acceptance, which could have a negative effect on our future sales and profitability. In addition, aggressive advertising and promotion by our competitors including through social and digital media, may require us to compete by lowering prices or by increasing our marketing expenditures. If we are unable to maintain our pricing by, among other strategies, using social media and digital media platforms effectively to advertise our products, our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows could be adversely affected.

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A substantial portion of our revenue is from sales of products on Amazon’s U.S. Marketplace and any change, limitation or restriction on our ability to operate on Amazon’s platform could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition and prospects.

Approximately 66% of our total sales during the year ended December 31, 2024 were through Amazon’s U.S. marketplace, while all other sales through e-commerce channels contributed approximately 2% of our total sales. We are subject to the terms of service of Amazon and other marketplaces and various other seller policies and services that apply to third parties selling products on Amazon and other marketplaces. Generally, a marketplace has the right to terminate or suspend our participation in the marketplace if they believe we are violating the terms of service. Such marketplace may take other actions against us such as suspending or terminating a seller account or product listing and withholding payments owed to us indefinitely. If product listings were suspended for a prolonged period of time, or if Amazon were to terminate our selling account, this would have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition and prospects. While we endeavor to materially comply with the terms of services of the marketplaces on which we operate, we can provide no assurance that these marketplaces will have the same determination with respect to our compliance.

In addition, Amazon can make changes to its platform that could require us to change the manner in which we operate, limit our ability to successfully launch new products or increase our costs to operate and such changes could have an adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition and prospects. Examples of changes that could impact us relate to platform fee charges (i.e., selling commissions), brand registry, warehouse capacity and charges, excluded products and limitations on sales and marketing. Any change, limitation or restriction on our ability to sell on Amazon’s platform, even if temporary, could have a material impact on our business, results of operations, financial condition and prospects.

We are currently dependent on sales to GNC for a significant portion of our sales.

Sales to GNC’s centralized distribution platform, including indirect distribution of product to domestic and international franchisees, accounted for approximately 23% and 33% of our total sales for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. GNC’s franchisees are not required to carry our products. In the event GNC ceases purchasing products from us, or otherwise reduces its purchases, our total revenue will be negatively impacted, and such impact could be material. Moreover, the transition to GNC’s centralized distribution system had the effect of concentrating a significant portion of our accounts receivable with a single payor. Prior to the transition, we collected receivables from individual franchisees. We anticipate that GNC will continue to represent a substantial portion of all accounts receivable for the foreseeable future. In the event that our sales to GNC decrease, our results from operations will be negatively affected, and such effect may be material.

Loss of, a significant reduction of purchases by, or bankruptcy of a major distribution partner or customer, may adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

Our largest wholesale distribution partner is GNC, which filed bankruptcy in June 2020 under Chapter 11 of the U.S. Bankruptcy Code, resulting in the closure of a substantial portion of its retail locations. Although the bankruptcy did not affect our total sales, we were impacted as a result of the timing of the collection of accounts receivable. The success of our wholesale business depends, in part, on our ability to maintain our level of sales and product distribution through GNC and, to a lesser extent, through specialty and convenience channels. The competition to supply products to these high-volume stores is intense. Currently, we do not have material long-term supply agreements with GNC or any of our other distribution partners or customers, and each of them frequently reevaluate the products they carry. A decision by our major customers to decrease the amount of product purchased from us, including in response to shifts in consumer purchasing or traffic trends, sell another brand on an exclusive or priority basis or change the manner of doing business with us could reduce our revenues and materially adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. Our customers also may offer branded and private label products that compete directly with our products for retail shelf space and consumer purchases. Accordingly, there is a risk that our wholesale customers may give higher priority to their own products or to the products of our competitors. In the event of a loss of any of our large customers, a significant reduction of purchases by any of our large customers, or the bankruptcy or serious financial difficulty of any of our large customers, our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows may be adversely affected.

Our ability to materially increase sales is largely dependent on the ability to increase sales of product to our wholesale partners as well as directly to the end consumer. We may invest significant amounts in these expansions with little success, and if we are unable to maintain good relationships with our existing customers and e-commerce platforms, our business could suffer.

We currently are focusing our marketing efforts on increasing the sale of products to GNC, both domestically and internationally, as well as increasing the number of retailers selling MusclePharm products. In addition, we are focused on increasing our direct-to-consumer revenue through e-commerce platforms such as Amazon. We may not be able to successfully increase sales through these channels. Moreover, unilateral decisions could be taken by our distributors or customers to discontinue all or any of our products that they are carrying or selling at any time, which would cause our business to suffer. Further, the inability to sell our products through e-commerce platforms, including Amazon, would materially impact our sales and operating results.

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In addition, although we continued efforts to expand international distribution for our products in the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, we cannot assure that any further efforts to sell our products outside the United States will result in material increased revenue. We may need to overcome significant regulatory and legal barriers in order to continue to sell our products internationally, and we cannot give assurances as to whether we will be able to comply with such regulatory or legal requirements.

We must identify changing consumer and customer preferences and behaviors and develop and offer products to meet these preferences.

Consumer and customer preferences and behaviors evolve over time due to a variety of factors. The success of our business depends on our ability to identify these changing preferences and behaviors, to distinguish between short-term trends and long-term changes in such preferences and behaviors, and to continue to develop and offer products that appeal to consumers and customers through the sales channels that they prefer. Consumer preference and behavior changes include dietary trends, attention to different nutritional aspects of foods and beverages, acceptance and the use of weight management medication, consumer in-home and on-the-go consumption patterns, preferences for certain sales channels, concerns regarding the health effects of certain foods and beverages, attention to sourcing practices relating to ingredients, environmental concerns regarding packaging and attention to other social and governance aspects of our Company and operations, including transitioning to recyclable, compostable or reusable packaging. These changing preferences and requirements could require us to use specially sourced ingredients and packaging types that may be more difficult to source or entail a higher cost or incremental capital investment which we may not be able to pass on to customers.

Consumers are increasingly shopping through e-commerce websites and mobile commerce applications, and this trend is significantly altering the retail landscape in our category. If we are unable to compete effectively in the expanding e-commerce market or develop the data analytics capabilities needed to generate actionable commercial insights, our business performance may be impacted, which may negatively impact our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

Although we strive to respond to consumer or customer preferences and social expectations, we may not be successful in these efforts. Any significant changes in consumer or customer preferences or our inability to anticipate or react, or effectively introduce new products in response, to such changes could result in reduced demand for our products, which could negatively impact our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

Our intellectual property rights are valuable and any inability to protect them could reduce the value of our products and brands and have a material adverse effect on our business.

We consider our intellectual property rights, particularly our trademarks, but also our trade secrets, know-how and copyrights, to be a significant and valuable asset of our business. We attempt to protect our intellectual property rights through a combination of trademark, copyright and trade secret laws, as well as third-party nondisclosure, confidentiality and assignment agreements and confidentiality provisions in third-party agreements and the policing of third-party misuses of our intellectual property. Our failure or inability to obtain or maintain adequate protection of our intellectual property rights, or any change in law or other changes that serve to lessen or remove the current legal protections of intellectual property, may diminish our competitiveness and could materially harm our business. We also are subject to risks associated with the protection of our trademarks and other intellectual property licensed to distributors of our products and of our trade secrets to our third-party contract manufacturers. If our licensed distributors or third-party contract manufacturers fail to protect our trademarks, trade secrets and other intellectual property, either intentionally or unintentionally, our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows may be adversely affected.

Our results may be adversely impacted if consumers do not maintain favorable perceptions of our brands.

Maintaining and continually enhancing the value of our brands is critical to the success of our business. Brand value is based in large part on consumer perceptions. Brand value could diminish significantly due to a number of factors, including our products becoming unavailable to consumers, our failure to maintain the quality of our products, the failure of our products to deliver consistently positive consumer experiences, adverse publicity about our brands or our suppliers’ or third-party contract manufacturers’ business practices, our products, packaging or ingredients, concerns about food safety, real or perceived health concerns regarding our products, or consumer perception that we have acted in an irresponsible manner. Consumer demand for our products also may be impacted by changes in the level of advertising or promotional support. We may need to increase our marketing and advertising spending in order to maintain and increase customer and consumer awareness, protect and grow our existing market share or to promote new products, which could impact our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. However, an increase in our marketing and advertising efforts may not maintain our current reputation or lead to an increase in brand awareness. Negative perceptions of the food and beverage industry as a whole, or the nutritional supplement category, may heighten attention from consumers, third parties, the media, governments, stockholders and other stakeholders to such factors and could adversely affect our brand image. The growing use of social and digital media by consumers, us and third parties increases the speed and extent that information or misinformation and opinions can be shared. Negative posts or comments about us, our brands, products or packaging or the food and beverage industry generally on social or digital media (whether factual or not) or security breaches related to use of our social media could seriously damage our brands and reputation. If we do not maintain favorable perceptions of our products and our brands, or if we experience a loss of consumer confidence in our brands, our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows could be adversely impacted.

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In addition, our success in maintaining and enhancing our brand image depends on our ability to anticipate change and adapt to a rapidly changing marketing and media environment, including our increasing reliance on social media and online, digital and mobile dissemination of marketing and advertising campaigns and the increasing accessibility and speed of dissemination of information. Furthermore, third parties may sell counterfeit or imitation versions of our products that are inferior or pose safety risks. If consumers confuse these counterfeit products for our products or have a bad experience with the counterfeit brand, they might refrain from purchasing our brands in the future, which could harm our brand image and sales. If we do not successfully maintain and enhance our reputation and brand health, then our brands, product sales, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows could be materially and adversely affected.

Our sales and profit growth are dependent upon our ability to expand existing market penetration and enter into new markets.

Successful growth depends on our ability to add new customers, enter into new markets, expand the number of products sold through existing customers and enhance our product portfolio. This growth would include expanding the number of our products retailers offer for sale, our product placement and our ability to secure additional shelf or retail space for our products, as well as increased access to online platforms to sell our products. The expansion of our business depends on our ability to obtain new, or expand our business with existing, customers, such as club, e-commerce, convenience and specialty customers. Our failure to successfully add new customers, enter into new markets, expand the number of products sold through existing customers and enhance our product portfolio could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

We are currently dependent on a limited number of independent suppliers and manufacturers of our products, which mayaffect our ability to deliver our products in a timely manner. If we are not able to ensure timely product deliveries, potential distributors and customers maynot order our products, and our revenue maydecrease.

We rely on a limited number of third parties to supply and manufacture our products. Our products are manufactured on a purchase order basis only, and manufacturers can terminate their relationships with us at will. These third-party manufacturers may be unable to satisfy our supply requirements, manufacture our products on a timely basis, fill and ship our orders promptly, provide services at competitive costs, or offer reliable products and services. The failure to meet any of these critical needs would delay or reduce product shipment and adversely affect our revenue, as well as jeopardize our relationships with our distributors and customers. In the event any of our third-party manufacturers were to become unable or unwilling to continue to provide us with products in required volumes and at suitable quality levels, we would be required to identify and obtain acceptable replacement manufacturing sources. There is no assurance that we would be able to develop alternative manufacturing sources on a timely basis. Additionally, our third-party manufacturers source the majority of the raw materials for our products and, if we were to use alternative manufacturers, we may not be able to duplicate the exact taste and consistency profile of the product from the original manufacturer. An extended interruption in the supply of our products would likely result in decreased product sales and a corresponding decline in revenue.

Adverse publicity associated with our products, ingredients, or those of similar companies, could adversely affect our sales and revenue.

Our customers’ perception of the safety and quality of our products or similar products distributed by others can be significantly influenced by national media attention, publicized scientific research or findings, product liability claims, and other publicity concerning our products or similar products distributed by others. Adverse publicity, whether or not accurate, that associates consumption of our products or any similar products with illness or other adverse effects will likely diminish the public’s perception of our products. Claims that any products are ineffective, inappropriately labeled or have inaccurate instructions as to their use, could have a material adverse effect on the market demand for our products, including reducing our revenue.

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The efficacy of nutritional supplement products is supported by limited conclusive clinical studies, which could result in reduced market acceptance of these products and lower revenue or lower revenue growth rates.

Our nutritional supplement products are made from various ingredients, including vitamins, minerals, amino acids, herbs, botanicals, fruits, berries, and other substances for which there is a long history of human consumption. However, there is little long-term experience with human consumption of certain product ingredients or combinations of ingredients in concentrated form. Although we believe that all of our products fall within the generally known safe limits for daily doses of each ingredient contained within them, nutrition science is imperfect. Moreover, some people have peculiar sensitivities or reactions to nutrients commonly found in certain foods and may have similar sensitivities or reactions to ingredients contained in our products. Furthermore, nutrition science is subject to change based on new research. New scientific evidence may disprove the efficacy of our products or prove our products to have effects not previously known. We could be adversely affected by studies that may assert that our products are ineffective or harmful to consumers, or if adverse effects are associated with a competitor’s similar products.

If the products we sell do not have the healthful effects intended, our business may suffer.

In general, our products sold consist of nutritional supplements that are classified in the United States as “dietary supplements”, which do not currently require approval from the FDA or other regulatory agencies prior to sale. Although many of the ingredients in such products are vitamins, minerals, herbs and other substances for which there is a long history of human consumption, our products often contain innovative ingredients or combinations of ingredients. Although we believe such products and the combinations of ingredients in them are safe when taken as directed by us, there is little long-term experience with human or other animal consumption of certain of these ingredients or combinations thereof in concentrated form. The products could have certain side effects if not taken as directed or if taken by a consumer that has certain medical conditions. Furthermore, there can be no assurance that any of the products, even when used as directed, will have the effects intended or will not have harmful side effects.

A slower growth rate in the nutritional supplement industry could lead to reduced revenue or make it more difficult for us to sustain consistent revenue growth.

The nutritional supplement industry has been growing at a strong pace over the past ten years. However, a number of factors with respect to the nutritional supplement industry could negatively impact the demand for our products. Additionally, low-carbohydrate products, liquid meal replacements, GLP-1 and other pharmaceutical products, or similar competing products could affect the market for certain categories of supplements. All these factors could have a negative impact on our sales growth.

Future outbreaks of COVID-19 or other illnesses could have a material adverse impacton us in the future.

The coronavirus (“COVID-19”) pandemic had a material impact on global supply chains, including for certain raw materials imported from China, among other countries, and this impacted our third-party suppliers and our wholesale partners. As a result, we had to increase purchases of certain raw materials and build additional finished goods inventory, especially in our best-selling products, to avoid, in addition to other consequences, stockouts. Although COVID-19 has largely abated, as well as the concomitant supply chain challenges resulting from the pandemic, in the event of future outbreaks of COVID-19 or other illnesses, our operations and those of our third-party suppliers or our wholesale partners could be adversely affected.

Our success depends on the experience and skill of our chief executive officer and key personnel, whom we may not be able to retain and we may not be able to hire enough additional personnel to meet our needs.

We are dependent on Dayton Judd, our Chair and Chief Executive Officer, for the continued performance of our business. There can be no assurance that he will continue to be employed by us for a particular period of time. The loss of Mr. Judd or and other executive officer or key personnel could harm our business, financial condition, cash flow and results of operations. We have not purchased any insurance policies with respect to Mr. Judd or any other executive officer in the event of the death or disability of Mr. Judd or any other executive officer. Therefore, if Mr. Judd or any of the member of our executive management team dies or becomes disabled, we will not receive any compensation to assist in their absence.

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The success of our strategy depends on a well-defined management structure and the availability of a management team with proven competencies in the identification, acquisition and integration of complementary companies and assets. To implement our business plan, we will need to keep the personnel that we currently have and, if our business is to grow as planned, we will need additional personnel. We cannot assure you that we will be successful in retaining our present team or in attracting and retaining additional personnel. If we are unable to attract and retain key personnel or are unable to do so in a cost-effective manner, our business may be materially and adversely affected.

Financial and Economic Risks

The Company was profitable during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023. However, we may not be able to achieve sustained profitability.Our failure to sustain profitability or effectively manage growth could result in net losses, and therefore negatively affect our financial condition.

In the event of any decrease in sales, if we are not able to maintain growth, or if we are unable to effectively manage our growth, we may not be able to sustain profitability, and may incur net losses in the future, and those net losses could be material. In the event we incur net losses, our financial condition could be negatively affected, and such effect could be material.

We may not be able to effectively manage our growth, which could materially harm our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

Our growth has placed, and we expect that our continued growth may place, a significant demand on our management, personnel, systems and resources. Our continued growth will require an increased investment by us in our third-party manufacturing relationships, personnel, technology, facilities and financial and management systems and controls, including monitoring and assuring our compliance with applicable regulations. We will need to integrate, train and manage a growing employee base. Unless our growth results in an increase in our revenues that is proportionate to the increase in our costs associated with this growth, our operating margins and profitability will be adversely affected. If we fail to effectively manage our growth, our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows could be materially harmed.

Unfavorable economic conditions, including high inflation, recessions and other macroeconomic conditions or trends may have an adverse impact on our business, financial results, and prospects.

The willingness of consumers to purchase our products depends in part on general or local economic conditions and consumers’ discretionary spending habits. In periods of adverse or uncertain economic conditions, including during periods of high inflation or recession concerns, consumers may purchase less of our products, purchase more value or private label products or may forgo certain purchases altogether. In addition, our wholesale customers may seek to reduce their inventories in response to those economic conditions. In those circumstances, we could experience a reduction in sales. Further, during economic downturns, it may be more difficult to convince consumers to switch to, or continue to use, our brands without extensive promotions or price reductions.

As a result of economic conditions, we may be unable to raise our prices sufficiently to protect profit margins. We have previously experienced inflationary headwinds across our business, and although inflationary pressures have abated, any increase in inflation from current levels may result in our inability to achieve price increases or cost savings. And uncertain or unfavorable economic conditions have and could continue to negatively impact the financial stability of our customers or suppliers, which could lead to increased uncollectible receivables or non-performance. Current global geopolitical tensions, including related to Ukraine and the Middle East, may exacerbate any economic downturn and inflation. Any of these events could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

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Trade policies, treaties and tariffs could have a material adverse effect on our business.

The cost of our products is largely dependent on the cost and availability to our third-party suppliers of raw ingredients, some of which may be sourced outside of the U.S. There is currently significant uncertainty about the future relationship between the United States and various other countries, most significantly China, Mexico and Canada, with respect to trade policies, treaties, tariffs and taxes. The U.S. presidential administration has imposed additional tariffs on China, Mexico and Canada, and the administration and the U.S. Congress are in the process of revisiting changes made by the prior U.S. presidential administration with respect to other countries. These developments, or the perception that any of them could occur, could have a material effect on global economic conditions and the stability of global financial markets, and could significantly reduce global trade and, in particular, trade between the impacted nations and the U.S. This uncertainty includes the possibility of altering or increasing the existing tariffs or penalties on products originating outside the U.S, and the potential tariffs imposed on U.S. products sold in international markets. The institution of trade tariffs on raw ingredients imported by our third-party suppliers from other countries could increase our costs, which could have a negative impact on our business.

We may incur substantial debt in conjunction with our M&A strategy, whichcould have a negative impact on our liquidity position and which could adversely affect our business.

As of December 31, 2024, we had approximately $13.0 million in aggregate principal amount of total debt, and we may incur additional indebtedness to fund future acquisitions. Our overall leverage and the terms of our financing arrangements could (i) limit our ability to obtain additional financing in the future for working capital, capital expenditures or acquisitions, to fund growth or for general corporate purposes, even when necessary to maintain adequate liquidity; (ii) make it more difficult for us to satisfy the terms of our obligations under the terms of our financing arrangements; (iii) limit our ability to refinance our indebtedness on terms acceptable to us, or at all; (iv) limit our flexibility to plan for and to adjust to changing business and market conditions in the markets in which we operate and increase our vulnerability to general adverse economic and industry conditions; (v) require us to dedicate a substantial portion of our cash flow from operations to make interest and principal payments on our debt, thereby limiting the availability of our cash flow to fund future investments, capital expenditures, working capital, business activities and other general corporate requirements; (vi) increase our vulnerability to adverse economic or industry conditions; and (vii) subject us to higher levels of indebtedness than our competitors, which may cause a competitive disadvantage and may reduce our flexibility in responding to increased competition.

Our ability to meet expenses and debt service obligations will depend on our future performance, which will be affected by financial, business, economic and other factors, including the impact of pandemics and other outbreaks of contagious diseases, potential changes in consumer and customer preferences and behaviors, the success of product and marketing innovation, and pressure from competitors. If we do not generate enough cash to pay our debt service obligations, we may be required to refinance all or part of our existing debt, sell assets, borrow more money or issue additional equity.

The agreements governing our current and potential future indebtedness may contain various covenants that limit our ability to take certain actions and also require us to meet financial maintenance tests, and failure to comply with these covenants could have a material adverse effect on us.

Our financing arrangements contain restrictions, covenants and events of default that, among other things, require us to satisfy certain financial tests and maintain certain financial ratios and restrict our ability to incur additional indebtedness. Financing arrangements which we enter into in the future could contain similar restrictions and additionally could require us to comply with similar, new or additional financial tests or to maintain similar, new or additional financial ratios. The terms of our financing arrangements, financing arrangements which we enter into in the future and any future indebtedness may impose various restrictions and covenants on us that could limit our ability to respond to market conditions, provide for capital investment needs or take advantage of business opportunities by limiting the amount of additional borrowings we may incur. These restrictions include compliance with, or maintenance of, certain financial tests and ratios and may limit or prohibit our ability to, among other things: borrow money or guarantee debt; create liens; pay dividends on or redeem or repurchase stock or other securities; make investments and acquisitions; enter into new lines of business; enter into transactions; and sell assets or merge with other companies.

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Various risks, uncertainties and events beyond our control could affect our ability to comply with these restrictions and covenants. Failure to comply with any of the restrictions and covenants in our existing or future financing arrangements could result in a default under those arrangements and under other arrangements that may contain cross-default provisions. A default would permit lenders to accelerate the maturity of the debt under these arrangements. Under these circumstances, we might not have sufficient funds or other resources to satisfy all of our obligations. In addition, the limitations imposed by financing agreements on our ability to incur additional debt and to take other actions might significantly impair our ability to obtain other financing.

To service indebtedness and fund other cash needs, we will require a significant amount of cash. Our ability to generate cash depends on many factors beyond our control.

Our ability to pay principal and interest on our debt obligations and to fund any planned capital expenditures and other cash needs will depend in part upon the future financial and operating performance of our business and upon our ability to renew or refinance borrowings. Prevailing economic conditions, our future financial and operating performance, competitive, legislative, regulatory and other factors, many of which are beyond our control, will affect our ability to make these payments.

Under these circumstances, if we are unable to make payments, refinance our debt or obtain new financing, we may consider other options, including: sales of assets; sale of equity; reductions or delays of capital expenditures, strategic acquisitions, investments and alliances; or negotiations with our lenders to restructure the applicable debt.

Our business may not generate sufficient cash flow from operations, and future borrowings may not be available to us in an amount sufficient, to enable us to pay our indebtedness or to fund our other liquidity needs. We may need to refinance all or a portion of our indebtedness on or before maturity. We may not be able to refinance any of our debt on commercially reasonable terms, or at all.

Increases in interest rates may negatively affect our earnings.

From time to time, we have debt outstanding with exposure to variable interest rates. As a result, we have in the past been and may in the future be adversely affected by rising interest rates, which will increase the cost of servicing our financial instruments with exposure to interest rate risk and could materially reduce our profitability and cash flows.

Impairment in the carrying value of intangible assets could negatively impact our financial condition and results of operations. If our goodwill or other intangible assets become impaired, we will be required to record impairment charges, which may be significant.

Our balance sheet includes intangible assets, including goodwill, trademarks, trade names, customer relationships and other acquired intangibles. Goodwill is expected to contribute indefinitely to our cash flows and is not amortized. Our management reviews it for impairment on an annual basis or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that its carrying value may be impaired. Impairments to intangible assets may be caused by factors outside of our control, such as increasing competitive pricing pressures, lower than expected revenue and profit growth rates, changes in industry earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization, and revenue multiples, changes in discount rates based on changes in cost of capital (interest rates, etc.) or the loss or bankruptcy of a significant customer. These factors, along with other internal and external factors, could have a significant negative impact on our fair value determination, which could then result in a material impairment charge recorded in our results of operations. No impairments were recorded in the years ended December 31, 2024 or 2023. However, we could have impairments in the future.

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Unsuccessful implementation of business strategies to reduce costs, or unintended consequences of the implementation of such strategies, may adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

Many of our costs, such as freight, raw materials and energy, are outside of our control. Therefore, we must seek to reduce costs in other areas, such as through operating efficiency. If we are not able to complete projects designed to reduce costs and increase operating efficiency on time or within budget, or if the implementation of these projects results in unintended consequences, such as business disruptions, distraction of management and employees or reduced productivity, our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows may be adversely impacted. In addition, if the cost-saving initiatives we have implemented, or any future cost-saving initiatives, do not generate the expected cost savings and synergies, our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows may be adversely affected.

Legal and Regulatory Risks

We are affected by extensive laws, governmental regulations, administrative determinations, court decisions and similar constraints, which can make compliance costly and subject us to enforcement actions by governmental agencies.

The formulation, manufacturing, packaging, labeling, holding, storage, distribution, advertising and sale of our products are affected by extensive laws, governmental regulations and policies, administrative determinations, court decisions and similar constraints at the federal, state and local levels, both within the United States and in any country where we conduct business. There can be no assurance that we or our distributors or wholesale partners will be in compliance with all of these regulations. A failure by us or our distributors or wholesale partners to comply with these laws and regulations could lead to governmental investigations, civil and criminal prosecutions, administrative hearings and court proceedings, civil and criminal penalties, injunctions against product sales or advertising, civil and criminal liability for the Company and/or its principals, bad publicity, and tort claims arising out of governmental or judicial findings of fact or conclusions of law adverse to the Company or its principals. In addition, the adoption of new regulations and policies or changes in the interpretations of existing regulations and policies may result in significant new compliance costs or discontinuation of product sales, and may adversely affect the marketing of our products, resulting in decreases in revenue.

We are dependent on our third-party manufacturers to supply our products in the compositions we require, and we do not independently analyze each production lot of our products. Any errors in our product manufacturing could result in product recalls, significant legal exposure, and reduced revenue.

Although we require that our manufacturers verify the accuracy of the contents of our products for each production lot, we do not have the internal expertise or personnel to monitor the production of products by these third parties. We rely primarily, with limited independent verification, on certificates of analysis regarding product content provided by our third-party suppliers and limited safety testing by them. We cannot be assured that these outside manufacturers will continue to reliably supply products to us in the compositions we require. Errors in the manufacture of our products could result in product recalls, significant legal exposure, adverse publicity, and decreased revenue.

Certain of our products are subject to a higher level of regulatory scrutiny, resulting in increased costs of operations and the potential for delays in product sales.

Certain of our products are regulated by the FDA as dietary supplements, which are subject to levels of regulatory scrutiny different from those applicable to conventional food. Such heightened regulatory scrutiny results in increased costs of operations and the potential for delays in product sales. In addition, there is some risk that product classifications could be changed by the regulators, which could result in significant fines, penalties, discontinued distribution and relabeling costs. Any of these events would negatively impact our revenues and costs of operations.

Pending and future litigation and claims may impair our reputation or lead us to incur significant costs.

We are, or may become, party to various lawsuits and claims arising in the normal course of business, which may include lawsuits or claims relating to contracts, third-party contract manufacturers, intellectual property infringement, product recalls, product liability, false or deceptive advertising, employment matters, environmental matters or other aspects of our business. Lawsuits filed against food and beverage or nutritional supplement companies alleging deceptive advertising and labeling continue to increase. In addition, actions we have taken or may take, or decisions we have made or may make, may result in legal claims or litigation against us. Negative publicity resulting from allegations made in lawsuits or claims asserted against us, whether or not valid, may adversely affect our reputation. In addition, we may be required to pay damage awards or settlements, become subject to injunctions or other equitable remedies, be required to modify our business processes, practices or products or be required to stop selling certain of our products. In addition, intellectual property infringement litigation or claims could cause us to cease making, licensing or using products that incorporate the challenged intellectual property, require us to redesign or rebrand our products or packaging, if feasible, or require us to enter into royalty or licensing agreements in order to obtain the right to use a third party’s intellectual property. Any or all of these consequences could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. The outcome of litigation is often difficult to predict, and the outcome of pending or future litigation may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

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Although we have product liability insurance in place, the potential liabilities associated with lawsuits and claims could be excluded from coverage or, if covered, could exceed the coverage provided by such programs. In addition, insurance carriers may seek to rescind or deny coverage with respect to pending or future claims or lawsuits. If we do not have sufficient coverage under our policies, or if coverage is denied, we may be required to make material payments to settle litigation or satisfy any judgment. Any of these consequences could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

Our products may not meet health and safety standards or could become contaminated.

We do not have control over the third parties involved in the manufacturing of our products and their compliance with government health and safety standards. Even if our products meet these standards, they could otherwise become contaminated. A failure to meet these standards or contamination could occur in our operations or those of our distributors or suppliers. This could result in expensive production interruptions, recalls and liability claims. Moreover, negative publicity could be generated from false, unfounded or nominal liability claims or limited recalls. Any of these failures or occurrences could negatively affect our business and financial performance.

If our products become contaminated or adulterated, or if they are misbranded or mislabeled, we might need to recall or withdraw those items and we may experience product liability claims.

Selling food products, beverages and nutritional supplements involves a number of legal and other risks, including contamination, spoilage, degradation, tampering, mislabeling or other adulteration. Additionally, many of the raw materials used to make certain of our products, particularly milk-based protein, are vulnerable to spoilage and contamination by naturally occurring molds and pathogens, such as salmonella, and pests. These pathogens may survive in our products as a result of improper handling by customers or consumers. We do not have control over handling procedures once our products have been shipped for distribution. We may need to recall or withdraw some or all of our products if they become damaged, contaminated, adulterated, mislabeled or misbranded, whether caused by us or someone in our supply chain. A recall or withdrawal could result in destruction of product ingredients and inventory, negative publicity, temporary plant closings for our third-party contract manufacturers, supply chain interruption, substantial costs of compliance or remediation, fines and increased scrutiny by federal, state and foreign regulatory agencies. New scientific discoveries regarding microbes and food manufacturing may bring additional risks and latent liability. Should consumption of any product cause injury, we may be liable for monetary damages as a result of a judgment against us. In addition, adverse publicity, including claims, whether or not valid, that our products or ingredients are unsafe or of poor quality, may discourage customers or consumers from buying our products or cause production and delivery disruptions. Any of these events or a loss of customer or consumer confidence could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

Risk Factors Related to Potential Acquisitions

If we pursue additional acquisitions or other strategic transactions, we may not be able to successfully consummate favorable transactions or successfully integrate acquired businesses.

We completed the acquisition of Mimi’s Rock Corp. on February 28, 2023 and the acquisition of substantially all of the assets of MusclePharm on October 10, 2023. From time to time, we may evaluate and pursue additional potential acquisitions or other strategic transactions. Evaluating potential transactions, including divestitures, requires additional expenditures (including legal, accounting and due diligence expenses, higher administrative costs to support the acquired entities and information technology, personnel and other integration expenses), and may divert the attention of our management from day-to-day operating matters. Companies or operations we acquire or joint ventures we enter into may not be profitable or may not achieve the anticipated profitability that justifies our investments.

With respect to acquisitions, we may not be able to identify suitable candidates, consummate a transaction on terms that are favorable to us or achieve expected returns and other benefits as a result of integration challenges. The successful integration of acquisitions is complex and depends on our ability to manage the operations and personnel of the acquired businesses. Potential difficulties we may encounter as part of the integration process include, but are not limited to, the following: employees may voluntarily or involuntarily separate from employment with us or the acquired businesses because of the acquisitions; our management may have its attention diverted while trying to integrate the acquired businesses; we may encounter obstacles when incorporating the acquired businesses into our operations and management; we may be required to recognize impairment charges; and integration may be more costly or more time consuming and complex or less effective than anticipated.

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Risk Factors Relating to our Common Stock

If we fail to comply with the continued listing requirements of the Nasdaq Capital Market, our Common Stock may be delisted and the price of our Common Stock and our ability to access the capital markets could be negatively impacted.

On September 18, 2023, our Common Stock began trading on the Nasdaq Stock Market, LLC (“Nasdaq”). Although we are currently in compliance with Nasdaq’s continued listing standards, no assurance can be given that we will continue to meet applicable Nasdaq continued listing standards. Failure to meet applicable Nasdaq continued listing standards could result in a delisting of our Common Stock, which could materially reduce the liquidity of our Common Stock and result in a corresponding material reduction in the price of our Common Stock.

The price of our securities could be subject to wide fluctuations and your investment could decline invalue.

The market price of the securities of a company can be subject to wide price swings. For example, the closing price of our Common Stock has ranged from a high of $17.50 to a low of $9.60 during the year ending December 31, 2024. The market price of our securities may be subject to wide changes in response to quarterly variations in operating results, announcements of new products by us or our competitors, reports by securities analysts, volume traded, or other events or factors. In addition, the financial markets have experienced significant price and volume fluctuations for a number of reasons, including exogenous factors as well as the failure of certain companies to meet market expectations. These broad market price swings, or any industry-specific market fluctuations, may adversely affect the market price of our securities.

Companies that have experienced volatility in the market price of their stock have been the subject of securities class action litigation. If we were to become the subject of securities class action litigation, it could result in substantial costs and a significant diversion of our management’s attention and resources.

We may issue Preferred Stock with rights senior to the Common Stock.

Our Articles of Incorporation authorize the issuance of up to 10 million shares of preferred stock, par value $0.01 per share ("Preferred Stock"), in the aggregate. Currently, we have the following classes of Preferred Stock authorized, which could be issued without shareholder approval: (i) 1,000 shares of Series A Preferred Stock, par value $0.01 per share (the “Series A Preferred”); and (ii) 2,000 shares of Series B Junior Participating Preferred Stock, par value $0.01. However, the rights and preferences of any class or series of Preferred Stock, were we to designate or issue additional shares of Preferred Stock, would be established by our Board of Directors in its sole discretion and may have dividend, voting, liquidation and other rights and preferences that are senior to the rights of our Common Stock.

You should not rely on an investment in our Common Stock for the payment of cash dividends.

We have never paid cash dividends on our Common Stock and do not anticipate paying any cash dividends in the foreseeable future. You should not make an investment in our Common Stock if you require dividend income. Any return on investment in our Common Stock would only come from an increase in the market price of our stock, which is uncertain and unpredictable.

Our Chair of the Board of Directors, Chief Executive Officer and significant shareholder may have certain personal interests that may affect the Company.

Due to the securities held by Sudbury Capital Fund, LP ("Sudbury") and Dayton Judd, the Company’s Chair of the Board and Chief Executive Officer, Mr. Judd may be deemed to be the beneficial owner of a majority of the Company’s outstanding voting securities. Consequently, Mr. Judd individually, and together with Sudbury as stockholders acting together, can significantly influence all matters requiring approval by our stockholders, including the election of directors and significant corporate transactions, such as mergers or other business transactions requiring shareholder approval. This concentration of ownership may have effects such as delaying or preventing a change in control of the Company that may be favored by other shareholders or preventing transactions in which shareholders might otherwise recover a premium for their shares over current market prices. In addition, as a result of Mr. Judd’s position as Chair of the Board and Chief Executive Officer, he and/or Sudbury may have the ability to exert influence over both the actions of the Board of Directors, as well as the execution of management’s plans.

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Compliance with changing corporate governance regulations and public disclosures may result in additional risks and exposures.

Changing laws, regulations and standards relating to corporate governance and public disclosure, including the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and new regulations from the SEC, have created uncertainty for public companies such as ours. These laws, regulations, and standards are subject to varying interpretations in many cases and as a result, their application in practice may evolve over time as new guidance is provided by regulatory and governing bodies. This could result in continuing uncertainty regarding compliance matters and higher costs necessitated by ongoing revisions to disclosure and governance practices. As a result, our efforts to comply with evolving laws, regulations, and standards have resulted in, and are likely to continue to result in increased expense and significant management time and attention.

SHOULD ONE OR MORE OF THE FOREGOING RISKS OR UNCERTAINTIES MATERIALIZE, OR SHOULD THE UNDERLYING ASSUMPTIONS PROVE INCORRECT, ACTUAL RESULTS MAY DIFFER SIGNIFICANTLY FROM THOSE ANTICIPATED, BELIEVED, ESTIMATED, EXPECTED, INTENDED OR PLANNED.

ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS

None.

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ITEM 1C. CYBERSECURITY

Risk Management and Strategy

We recognize the critical importance of developing, implementing, and maintaining cybersecurity measures to maintain the security, confidentiality, integrity, and availability of our business systems and confidential information, including personal information and intellectual property. To this end, our processes are designed to assess, identify, and manage risks from potential unauthorized occurrences on or through our information technology systems (including such risks associated with the use of any third-party service providers) that may result in adverse effects on the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of these systems and the data residing therein. These processes are managed and monitored by third-party experts under supervision of management, and, where necessary or desired, include mechanisms, controls, technologies, systems, and other processes designed to prevent or mitigate data loss, theft, misuse, or other security incidents or vulnerabilities affecting the data. We may also consult with outside advisors and experts to assist with assessing, identifying, and managing cybersecurity risks, including to anticipate future threats and trends, and their impact on our risk environment.

We consider cybersecurity, along with other significant risks that we face, within our overall enterprise risk management framework. Our processes and resources are also designed to help enable us to actively identify, protect, detect, respond to, and recover from risks and threats. Nevertheless, we face certain ongoing cybersecurity risk threats that, if realized, are reasonably likely to materially affect us. As of the date of this report, we have not identified cybersecurity threats that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our business, results of operations, or financial condition.

Governance

Third-party experts assist our senior management team in assessing and managing material risks from cybersecurity threats. All employees and consultants are directed to report to our senior management any irregular or suspicious activity that could indicate a cybersecurity threat or incident. The Audit Committee of our Board of Directors evaluates our cybersecurity assessment and management policies, including quarterly discussions with our senior officers and independent registered accounting firm.

ITEM 2. PROPERTIES

The Company, including its subsidiaries, leases its headquarters in Omaha, Nebraska, as well as office space in Oakville, Ontario, Canada. Management believes that the Company's locations are adequate to support the business and suitable for present purposes, and the property and equipment have been well maintained.

ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

We are currently not involved in any litigation that we believe could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition or results of operations. There is no action, suit, proceeding, inquiry or investigation before or by any court, public board, government agency, self-regulatory organization or body pending or, to the knowledge of the executive officers of the Company or any of its subsidiaries, threatened against or affecting the Company, our Common Stock, any of our subsidiaries or of the Company’s or our subsidiaries’ directors or officers in their capacities as such, in which an adverse decision could have a material adverse effect.

ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

None.

PART II

ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON STOCK, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUERS PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES

Our Common Stock was approved for listing and has traded since September 18, 2023 on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “FTLF”. Prior to September 18, 2023, our Common Stock traded in the over-the-counter market.

As of December 31, 2024, there were 9,210,216 shares of Common Stock outstanding and 20 shareholders of record of the Company’s Common Stock, in addition to an undetermined number of holders whose shares are held in “street name.”

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The following table sets forth the high and low closing prices for our Common Stock for the periods indicated:

High Low

Third Quarter (July - September 2023) $ 9.66 $ 7.64

Share Repurchase Program

On August 16, 2019, the Company approved a share repurchase program, pursuant to which the Board authorized management to repurchase up to $500,000 of the Company's Common Stock over the subsequent 24 months (the "Share Repurchase Program"). The Share Repurchase Program was amended September 23, 2019 to increase the repurchase amount to $1,000,000, and include shares of the Company's Common Stock, its Series A Convertible Preferred Stock, par value $0.01 per share ("Series A Preferred"), and warrants to purchase shares of the Company's Common Stock ("Warrants") in the Share Repurchase Program, to be repurchased over the next 24 months, at a purchase price, in the case of Common Stock, equal to the fair market value of the Company's Common Stock on the date of purchase, and in the case of Series A Preferred and Warrants, at a purchase price determined by management, with the exact date and amount of such purchases to be determined by management; further amended on November 6, 2019 to increase the repurchase amount to $2,500,000 over the subsequent 24 months; and further amended on February 1, 2021 to increase the repurchase amount to up to $5,000,000 over the subsequent 24 months.

On March 17, 2023, the Board approved an extension of the Share Repurchase Program. Under the extended and amended Share Repurchase Program, the Board authorized management to repurchase up to $5,000,000 of the Company's Common Stock over the subsequent 24 months, at a purchase price equal to the fair market value of the Company's Common Stock on the date of purchase, with the exact date and amount of such purchases to be determined by management. All other terms of the Share Repurchase Program remain unchanged.

During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company did not repurchase any shares of the Company’s Common Stock under the Share Repurchase Program. As of December 31, 2024, the Company may purchase up to $5,000,000 of additional shares of Common Stock under the Share Repurchase Program.

Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities

No unregistered securities were issued during the fiscal year.

Transfer Agent

Our transfer agent and registrar for the Common Stock is Colonial Stock Transfer located in Sandy, Utah.

Securities Authorized for Issuance under Equity Compensation Plans

For a discussion of our equity compensation plans, please see Item 11 of this Annual Report.

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ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA

Not a required disclosure for Smaller Reporting Companies.

ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OR PLAN OF OPERATION

The following is management’s discussion and analysis of certain significant factors that have affected our financial position and operating results during the periods included in the accompanying consolidated financial statements, as well as information relating to the plans of our current management. This report includes forward-looking statements. Generally, the words “believes”, “anticipates”, “may”, “will”, “should”, “expect”, “intend”, “estimate”, “continue”, and similar expressions or the negative thereof or comparable terminology are intended to identify forward-looking statements. Such statements are subject to certain risks and uncertainties, including the matters set forth in this Annual Report or other reports or documents we file with the Securities and Exchange Commission from time to time, which could cause actual results or outcomes to differ materially from those projected. Undue reliance should not be placed on these forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date hereof. We undertake no obligation to update these forward-looking statements.

The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and the related notes thereto and other financial information contained elsewhere in this Annual Report. Unless otherwise stated, all dollar amounts are in thousands, except per share data.

Products and Recent Acquisitions

FitLife Brands, Inc. (the “Company”) is a provider of innovative and proprietary nutritional supplements and wellness products for health-conscious consumers marketed under the following brand names: (i) NDS Nutrition, PMD Sports, SirenLabs, Core Active, Nutrology, and Metis Nutrition (together, “NDS Products”); (ii) iSatori, BioGenetic Laboratories, and Energize (together, the "iSatori Products"); (iii) Dr. Tobias, All Natural Advice, and Maritime Naturals, each acquired as a result of the acquisition of Mimi’s Rock Corp. (“MRC”) on February 28, 2023 (together, the “MRC Products"); and (iv) MusclePharm, which was acquired on October 10, 2023 as a result of the acquisition of substantially all of the assets of MusclePharm Corporation (“MusclePharm”).

Critical Accounting Policies

Use of Estimates and Assumptions

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect (i) the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, (ii) the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities known to exist as of the date the financial statements are published, and (iii) the reported amount of net sales and expense recognized during the periods presented.

Those estimates and assumptions include estimates for reserves of uncollectible accounts receivable, allowance for inventory obsolescence, product returns, depreciable lives of property and equipment, allocation of purchase price from business combinations, analysis of impairment of goodwill, realization of deferred tax assets, accruals for potential liabilities and assumptions made in valuing stock instruments issued for services. Management evaluates these estimates and assumptions on a regular basis. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

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Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

All of the Company’s accounts receivable balance is related to trade receivables. Trade accounts receivable are recorded at the invoiced amount and do not bear interest. The allowance for doubtful accounts is the Company’s best estimate of the amount of probable credit losses in its existing accounts receivable. The Company will maintain allowances for doubtful accounts, estimating losses resulting from the inability of its customers to make required payments for products. Accounts with known financial issues are first reviewed and specific estimates are recorded. The remaining accounts receivable balances are then grouped into categories by the number of days the balance is past due, and the estimated loss is recorded based upon management’s assessment of collectability. Account balances are charged off against the allowance when it is probable that the receivable will not be recovered.

As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company had provided a reserve for doubtful accounts of $41 and $17, respectively.

Income Taxes

The Company accounts for income taxes under FASB Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 740, Income Taxes (“ASC 740”). Under the asset and liability method of ASC 740, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been included in the financial statements or tax returns. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the differences between the financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to reverse. The deferred tax assets of the Company relate primarily to operating loss carryforwards for federal income tax purposes. The deferred tax liabilities of the Company relate primarily to intangible assets that are not deductible for tax purposes in the jurisdictions to which they relate.

The Company periodically evaluates its tax positions to determine whether it is more likely than not that such positions would be sustained upon examination by a tax authority for all open tax years, as defined by the statute of limitations, based on their technical merits. The Company accrues interest and penalties, if incurred, on unrecognized tax benefits as components of the income tax provision in the accompanying consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company has not established a liability for uncertain tax positions.

Product Returns, Sales Incentives and Other Forms of Variable Consideration

In measuring revenue and determining the consideration the Company is entitled to as part of a contract with a customer, the Company takes into account the related elements of variable consideration. Such elements of variable consideration include, but are not limited to, product returns and sales incentives, such as markdowns and margin adjustments. For these types of arrangements, the adjustments to revenue are recorded at the later of when (i) the Company recognizes revenue for the transfer of the related products to the customers, or (ii) the Company pays, or promises to pay, the consideration.

We currently have a 30-day product return policy for direct-to-consumer sales, which allows for a 100% sales price refund for the return of unopened and undamaged products purchased from us online through one of our websites or e-commerce platforms. Product sold to certain wholesale customers may be returned from store shelves or the distribution center in the event product is damaged, short dated, expired or recalled.

GNC maintains a customer satisfaction program which allows customers to return product to the store for credit or refund. Subject to certain terms and restrictions, GNC may require reimbursement from vendors for unsaleable returned product through either direct payment or credit against a future invoice. We also support a product return policy for iSatori Products, whereby customers can return product for credit or refund. Product returns can and do occur from time to time and can be material.

For the sale of goods with a right of return, the Company estimates variable consideration using the most likely amount method and recognizes revenue for the consideration it expects to be entitled to when control of the related product is transferred to the customers and records a product returns liability for the amount it expects to credit back its customers. Under this method, certain forms of variable consideration are based on expected sell-through results, which requires subjective estimates. These estimates are supported by historical results as well as specific facts and circumstances related to the current period. The product returns liability includes estimates that directly impact reported revenue. These estimates are calculated based on a history of actual returns, estimated future returns and information provided by customers regarding their inventory levels. Consideration of these factors results in an estimate for anticipated sales returns that reflects increases or decreases related to seasonal fluctuations. In addition, as necessary, product returns liability may be established for significant future known or anticipated events. The types of known or anticipated events that are considered, and will continue to be considered, include, but are not limited to, changes in the retail environment and the Company's decision to continue to support new and existing products.

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Information for product returns is received on a regular basis and adjusted for accordingly. Adjustments for returns are based on factual information and historical trends for all Company Products and are specific to each distribution channel. We monitor, among other things, remaining shelf life and sell-through data on a weekly basis. If we determine there are any risks or issues with any specific products, we accrue sales return allowances based on management’s assessment of the overall risk and likelihood of returns in light of all information available.

Total allowance for product returns, sales returns and incentive programs as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 amounted to $564 and $571, respectively.

Inventory

Inventory is stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value, with costs determined on a first-in, first-out (FIFO) basis. We regularly review our inventory quantities on hand and record a provision for excess and obsolete inventory based primarily on our estimated forecast of product demand and/or our ability to sell the product(s) concerned and production requirements. Demand for our products can fluctuate significantly. Factors that could affect demand for our products include unanticipated changes in consumer preferences, general market conditions or other factors, which may result in cancellations of advance orders or a reduction in the rate of reorders placed by customers. Additionally, our management’s estimates of future product demand may be inaccurate, which could result in an understated or overstated provision required for excess and obsolete inventory.

Total allowance for expiring, excess and slow-moving inventory items as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 amounted to $100 and $162, respectively.

Goodwill

The Company has determined that it has a single reporting unit for purposes of performing its goodwill impairment test. The Company reviews goodwill for impairment on an annual basis or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying value may not be recoverable. The Company first assesses qualitative factors to determine whether it is more-likely-than-not that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than the carrying amount as a basis for determining whether it is necessary to perform an impairment test. If the qualitative assessment warrants further analysis, the Company compares the fair value of the reporting unit to its carrying value. The fair value of the reporting unit is determined using the market approach. The Company determines the amount of a potential goodwill impairment by comparing the fair value of the reporting unit with its carrying amount. To the extent the carrying value of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value, a goodwill impairment charge is recognized.

As the Company uses the market approach to determine fair value of the reporting unit, the price of its Common Stock is an important component of the fair value calculation. If the Company’s stock price experiences significant price and volume fluctuations, this will impact the fair value of the reporting unit, which can lead to potential impairment in future periods.

There were no impairment charges incurred during the year ended December 31, 2024.

Revenue Recognition

The Company’s revenue is comprised of sales of nutritional supplements and wellness products to consumers.

The Company accounts for revenue in accordance with FASB ASC 606. The underlying principle of ASC 606 is to recognize revenue to depict the transfer of goods or services to customers at the amount expected to be collected. ASC 606 creates a five-step model that requires entities to exercise judgment when considering the terms of contract(s), which includes (1) identifying the contract(s) or agreement(s) with a customer, (2) identifying our performance obligations in the contract or agreement, (3) determining the transaction price, (4) allocating the transaction price to the separate performance obligations, and (5) recognizing revenue as each performance obligation is satisfied. Under ASC 606, revenue is recognized when performance obligations under the terms of a contract are satisfied, which occurs for the Company upon shipment or delivery of products to our customers based on written sales terms. Revenue is measured as the amount of consideration we expect to receive in exchange for transferring the products to a customer.

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All products sold by the Company are distinct individual products and consist of nutritional supplements and wellness products. The products are offered for sale solely as finished goods, and there are no performance obligations required post-shipment for customers to derive the expected value from them.

The Company’s products are also sold on e-commerce platforms including Amazon. For these transactions, the Company evaluated principal versus agent considerations to determine appropriateness of recording distribution and platform fees paid to third-party e-commerce companies as an expense or as a reduction of revenue. The Company records distribution and platform fees to cost of goods sold in the consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income. Distribution and platform fees are not recorded as a reduction of revenue because the Company: (1) owns the goods before they are transferred to the customer, (2) can direct Amazon, similar to other third-party logistics providers (“Logistic Providers”), to return the Company’s inventory to any location specified by the Company, (3) has the responsibility to make customers whole following any returns made by customers directly to Logistic Providers and the Company retains the back-end inventory risk, (4) is subject to credit risk (i.e., credit card chargebacks), (5) establishes prices of its products, (6) can determine who fulfills the goods to the customer (Amazon or the Company) and (7) can limit quantities or stop selling the goods at any time. Based on these considerations, the Company is the principal in this arrangement. Advertising fees paid to Amazon are recorded in advertising and marketing expense in the consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income.

The Company disaggregates revenue into distribution channels, geographical regions, and collections of brands (Legacy FitLife and recently acquired brands). The Company determines that disaggregating revenue into these categories achieves the disclosure objective to depict how the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows are affected by economic factors.

Online revenue, which consists of revenue generated from sales on the Company’s own websites as well as third-party e-commerce platforms such as Amazon, for the year ended December 31, 2024 was approximately 67% of total revenue, compared to roughly 63% of total revenue during the same twelve-month period in 2023.

Sales to customers in the U.S. were approximately 95% and 93% for the year ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, with the balance of sales to customers primarily in Canada.

Control of products we sell transfers to customers upon shipment from our facilities or delivery to our customers, and the Company’s performance obligations are satisfied at that time. Shipping and handling activities are performed before the customer obtains control of the goods and therefore represent a fulfillment activity rather than promised goods to the customer. Payments for sales are generally made by check, credit card, or wire transfer. Historically the Company has not experienced any significant payment delays from customers.

For direct-to-consumer sales, the Company allows for returns within 30 days of purchase. Our wholesale customers, such as GNC, may return purchased products to the Company under certain circumstances, which include expired or soon-to-be-expired products located in GNC corporate stores or at any of its distribution centers, and products that are subject to a recall or that contain an ingredient or ingredients that are subject to a recall by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.

A right of return does not represent a separate performance obligation, but because customers are allowed to return products, the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled is variable. Upon evaluation of returns, the Company determined that product returns are immaterial, and therefore believes it is probable that such returns will not cause a significant reversal of revenue in the future. We assess our contracts and the reasonableness of our conclusions on a quarterly basis.

Stock-Based Compensation

The Company periodically issues restricted share units (“RSUs”), stock options and warrants to employees and non-employees in non-capital raising transactions for services rendered. Such issuances vest and expire according to the terms established at the issuance date.

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Stock-based payments to officers, directors, employees and consultants for acquiring goods and services from non-employees, which include grants of employee stock options, are recognized in the financial statements based on their grant date fair values in accordance with ASC 718, Compensation-Stock Compensation. Stock-based payments to officers, directors, and employees that are time vested are measured at the grant date fair value and compensation cost is recognized on a straight-line basis over the vesting period. Recognition of compensation expense for non-employees is in the same period and manner as if the Company had paid cash for the services. The fair value of stock-based payments is estimated using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model or other applicable valuation model such as the Monte Carlo valuation pricing model, which uses certain assumptions related to risk-free interest rates, expected volatility, expected life, and future dividends. The assumptions used could materially affect compensation expense recorded in future periods.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

See Note 2 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Annual Report for a description of recent accounting pronouncements believed by management to have a material impact on our present or future financial statements.

Results of Operations

Year ended December 31, 2024 Year ended December 31, 2023 $ Change % Change

Gross margin percentage 43.6 % 40.7 % n/m 2.9 %

Operating expense:

Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2024 Compared to Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2023

Revenue. Revenue for the year ended December 31, 2024 increased 22% to $64,469 as compared to $52,700 for the year ended December 31, 2023. The increased revenue for the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to the prior year is primarily due to the acquisition of MRC and the MusclePharm assets, partially offset by a decline in Legacy FitLife revenue. MRC was acquired February 28, 2023, and as such, only ten months of MRC revenue were included in the Company’s financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2023. The MusclePharm assets were acquired on October 10, 2023.

Legacy FitLife revenue for the year ended December 31, 2024 was $25,387, a 10% decrease compared to the previous year, driven by a 16% decline in wholesale revenue, partially offset by a 3% increase in online revenue. The Company’s wholesale revenue continues to be challenged by declining customer counts in the brick-and-mortar stores of our wholesale partners.

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MRC revenue for the year ended December 31, 2024 was $29,036. MRC revenue for the period from February 28, 2023 to December 31, 2023 was $24,370.

During the year ended December 31, 2024, MusclePharm generated revenue of $10,046, of which approximately half was generated from wholesale customers and half from online sales.

Online revenue during the year ended December 31, 2024 was approximately 67% of total revenue, compared to roughly 63% of total revenue during the same twelve-month period in 2023.

Sales to customers in the U.S. were approximately 95% and 93% for the year ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, with the balance of sales primarily to customers in Canada.

The Company continually reformulates and introduces new products across its various brands, while also seeking to increase both the number of stores and number of approved products that can be sold within the GNC franchise system that comprises a significant portion its domestic and international distribution footprint. Management also believes that its focus on developing its e-commerce capabilities will drive additional incremental sales in the short-term, while yielding substantial benefits in the longer-term.

Cost of Goods Sold. Cost of goods sold for the year ended December 31, 2024 increased 16% to $36,389 as compared to $31,268 for the year ended December 31, 2023. The increase of $5,121 is primarily due to an increase in revenue attributable to the acquisitions of MRC and the MusclePharm assets.

Gross Profit. Gross profit for the year ended December 31, 2024 increased to $28,080 as compared to $21,432 for the year ended December 31, 2023. This 31% increase in gross profit is principally attributable to higher MRC gross profit as well as incremental gross profit from MusclePharm.

Gross Margin. Gross margin for the year ended December 31, 2024 increased to 43.6% from 40.7% for the year ended December 31, 2023. The increase in gross margin is primarily attributable to higher margins from MRC and Legacy FitLife as well as the amortization of the fair value step-up to MRC inventory acquired in the first quarter of 2023. Excluding the $323 impact of the step-up amortization, gross margin would have been 41.3% during the year ended December 31, 2023.

Advertising and Marketing. Advertising and marketing expense for the year ended December 31, 2024 increased to $4,626 as compared to $4,276 for the same period of the prior year. The 8% increase is primarily due to the full-period impact of MRC advertising and marketing as well as incremental advertising and marketing expense following the acquisition of the MusclePharm assets.

SG&A. SG&A expense for the year ended December 31, 2024 increased by $2,087 to $9,972 as compared to $7,885 for the year ended December 31, 2023. The increase was primarily due to the full-period impact of MRC SG&A as well as higher personnel costs (including salaries and benefits) and higher professional fees. In addition, the Company incurred non-recurring severance costs of $184 during the year ended December 31, 2024.

Merger and Acquisition Related Expense. Merger and acquisition related expense decreased to $255 for the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to $1,627 for the same period of 2023, driven primarily by transaction costs related to the acquisition of MRC and the MusclePharm assets in 2023.

Net Income. We generated a net income of $8,984 for the year ended December 31, 2024, an increase of 70% compared to net income of $5,296 for the year ended December 31, 2023. The increase in net income for the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to the same period in 2023 was primarily attributable to higher revenue and gross profit from MRC, incremental revenue and gross profit from MusclePharm, as well as a reduction in acquisition-related expense due to the acquisitions of MRC and the MusclePharm assets that closed during 2023, partially offset by incremental SG&A expense and higher interest expense due to the debt borrowed in conjunction with the acquisition of the MusclePharm assets.

Supplemental Discussion of Performance of Acquired Brands

Management frequently receives questions from investors regarding the performance of brands subsequent to their acquisition by the Company. In an effort to be responsive to these questions, the Company is providing additional disclosure herein. Management intends to provide this level of disclosure for no more than two years following a transaction, after which the performance of acquired brands will be reported as part of Legacy FitLife results.

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One of the primary metrics used by management to evaluate the performance of the Company’s brands is contribution, a non-GAAP financial measure which management defines as gross profit less advertising and marketing expenditures. Other companies may also report contribution as a performance metric, but their definition or calculation of contribution may differ from the Company’s. Management believes that contribution, as defined by the Company, is a particularly relevant performance metric since it incorporates the gross profit associated with a specific brand or collection of brands as well as the advertising and marketing expenditures associated with the same brand or brands. With limited exceptions, other operating expenses incurred by the Company are generally not allocable to a specific brand or collection of brands.

Other than for MusclePharm, the numbers in the contribution tables presented below represent the performance of a collection of brands. Legacy FitLife consists of nine brands and MRC consists of three brands. These collections of brands do not meet the definition of operating segments and are not managed as such.

Legacy FitLife

For the fourth quarter of 2024, Legacy FitLife revenue declined 13% compared to the same period last year, primarily driven by a 20% decline in wholesale revenue. During the fourth quarter, a commercial dispute with GNC, the Company’s largest customer, resulted in the Company rejecting all purchase orders from GNC beginning on December 1, 2024. However, any product that was ordered by GNC prior to December 1, 2024 continued to be shipped and was all received by GNC prior to the end of December 2024.

Subsequent to the end of the fourth quarter, in early January 2025, the Company began selling and shipping product directly to its GNC franchisee customers. On January 23, 2025, the Company and GNC settled their commercial dispute and the Company immediately began accepting purchase orders from GNC, with shipments to the GNC distribution centers beginning approximately two weeks later. The Company continued shipping directly to GNC franchisees until the GNC distribution centers were restocked. Subsequent to the distribution centers being restocked during February 2024, in the event GNC distribution centers do not have adequate inventory to fulfill franchisee orders of the Company’s products, the Company may make shipments directly to GNC franchisees in order to ensure continued availability of the Company’s products on store shelves.

Gross margin decreased from 40.4% during the fourth quarter of 2023 to 39.7% during the fourth quarter of 2024. Contribution as a percentage of revenue decreased from 39.2% to 38.6% over the same time period.

The Company’s wholesale revenue continues to be challenged by declining customer counts in the brick-and-mortar stores of our wholesale partners. However, at least some of the customers choosing to no longer shop in brick-and-mortar locations continue to purchase Legacy FitLife products online, and when a customer buys online the Company earns substantially higher gross profit and contribution.

Mimi's Rock (MRC)

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For the fourth quarter of 2024, MRC revenue was down slightly compared to the same period in 2023. Over the same time period, gross profit increased 20% and contribution increased 31%.

For the fourth quarter of 2024, gross margin increased to 48.7% from 40.4% during the same period last year.

Revenue for the largest MRC brand, Dr. Tobias, increased 6% in the fourth quarter of 2024 while revenue for the skin care brands, Maritime Naturals and All Natural Advice, declined 38% in the same period compared to the fourth quarter of 2023.

At the time of the MRC acquisition in 2023, the skin care brands were sold in a number of countries. Analysis subsequent to the acquisition determined that, in almost all countries other than Canada and the U.S., the products were being sold at levels resulting in negative contribution. Even worse, in many of those countries, the products were being sold at negative gross margins.

To optimize performance of the skin care brands, management exited a number of countries and raised prices in other countries. As a result of these changes, a substantial amount of unprofitable revenue was eliminated.

The substantial year-over-year increase in gross profit for the MRC brands is primarily the result of this optimization of the skin care brands as well as beneficial product mix within the Dr. Tobias brand. The substantial year-over-year increase in contribution for the MRC brands is a function of the optimization of the skin care brands, beneficial product mix within the Dr. Tobias brand, as well as the optimization of advertising spend across all MRC brands.

MusclePharm

MusclePharm revenue increased 14% sequentially from the third quarter of 2024 to the fourth quarter of 2024, with wholesale revenue increasing 37% and online revenue decreasing 8%. This slower movement in the online channel is due primarily to normal seasonality of retail sales.

As previously disclosed, in an effort to drive revenue growth, the Company is making targeted investments in advertising and promotion in both the wholesale and online channels. During the fourth quarter of 2024, the Company offered additional promotional incentives to certain wholesale partners in an effort to drive incremental growth for the MusclePharm brand. In most cases, these investments are accounted for as a reduction in net revenue rather than as advertising and marketing spend. Despite the increased promotions and the accompanying deductions from gross revenue, the Company generated record net revenue from wholesale customers during the quarter. The Company anticipates that the increased promotional efforts will continue for the foreseeable future. As a result of these investments, gross margin and contribution margin as a percent of revenue may fluctuate materially from quarter to quarter.

As previously announced, subsequent to the end of the quarter, the Company launched the new MusclePharm Pro Series, a collection of premium sports nutrition products, in a two-month pilot in high-volume Vitamin Shoppe stores (consisting of approximately 60% of Vitamin Shoppe’s nationwide store base) in mid-March 2025. If the pilot effort is successful, the Pro Series is anticipated to be added to the assortment in all Vitamin Shoppe stores and will be exclusive to Vitamin Shoppe for a period of 12 months.

In addition, the Company is exploring additional new product launches and continues to have productive discussions with a number of potential new wholesale partners.

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FitLife Consolidated

For the fourth quarter of 2024 for the Company overall, revenue increased 13%, gross profit increased 16%, and contribution increased 18% compared to the fourth quarter of 2023.

Gross margin increased to 41.4% during the fourth quarter of 2024 compared to 40.3% during the fourth quarter of last year.

Contribution as a percentage of revenue increased to 34.9% compared to 33.4% during the fourth quarter of last year.

Non-GAAP Measures

The financial presentation below contains certain financial measures not in accordance with GAAP, defined by the SEC as “non-GAAP financial measures”, including EBITDA and adjusted EBITDA. These measures may be different from non-GAAP financial measures used by other companies. The presentation of this financial information, which is not prepared under any comprehensive set of accounting rules or principles, is not intended to be considered in isolation or as a substitute for the financial information prepared and presented in this Annual Report in accordance with GAAP.

As presented below, EBITDA excludes interest, foreign exchange gains and losses, income taxes, and depreciation and amortization. Adjusted EBITDA excludes—in addition to interest, foreign exchange gains and losses, taxes, depreciation and amortization—stock-based compensation, merger and acquisition related expense and other non-recurring costs. The Company believes the non-GAAP measures provide useful information to both management and investors by excluding certain expense and other items that may not be indicative of its core operating results and business outlook. The Company believes that the inclusion of non-GAAP measures in the financial presentation below allows investors to compare the Company’s financial results with the Company’s historical financial results and is an important measure of the Company’s comparative financial performance.

Year ended December 31,

(Unaudited) (Unaudited)

Interest income (69 ) (289 )

Foreign exchange (gain) loss (50 ) (189 )

Depreciation and amortization 108 94

Non-cash and non-recurring adjustments

Stock-based compensation 459 473

Merger and acquisition related 255 1,627

Restructuring costs 184

Amortization of inventory step-up - 323

Non-recurring loss on foreign currency forward contract - 112

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Liquidity and Capital Resources

As of December 31, 2024, the Company had positive working capital of $6,832 compared to $4,356 at December 31, 2023. Our principal sources of liquidity at December 31, 2024 consisted of $4,468 of cash and $1,626 of accounts receivable. The increase in working capital is principally attributable to positive operating cash flows during the year ended December 31, 2024, partially offset by a voluntary paydown of $2,500 on the Term Loans as well as the three scheduled amortization payments totaling $4,500.

On September 24, 2019, the Company entered into a line of credit agreement with Mutual of Omaha Bank (the “Lender”), subsequently acquired by CIT Bank N.A., then acquired by First Citizens Bank & Trust Company, providing the Company with a $2.5 million revolving line of credit (the “Line of Credit”). The Line of Credit allows the Company to request advances thereunder and to use the proceeds of such advances for working capital purposes until the maturity date, or unless renewed at maturity upon approval by the Company’s Board and the Lender. The Line of Credit is secured by all assets of the Company.

On September 20, 2022, the Company and the Lender amended the Line of Credit Agreement to extend the maturity date to December 23, 2022. On December 19, 2022, the Company and the Lender amended the Line of Credit agreement to increase the Line of Credit to $3.5 million and extend the maturity date to December 23, 2023.

On February 23, 2023, the Company and the Lender amended the Line of Credit Agreement (the “PriorCredit Agreement”) providing the Company with a term loan for the principal amount of $12.5 million (“Term Loan A”). All other terms of the Credit Agreement remain unchanged. All of the proceeds from Term Loan A were used for the acquisition of MRC.

On October 10, 2023, the Company entered into a Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (the “Credit Agreement”) with the Lender, amending and restating the Credit Agreement between the Company and the Lender. Pursuant to the Credit Agreement, the Lender provided the Company with an additional term loan (“Term Loan B”, and together with Term Loan A, the “Term Loans”) for the principal amount of $10,000 and extended the Line of Credit of $3.5 million to December 23, 2024. The Company used the proceeds from Term Loan B to fund the acquisition of the MusclePharm assets.

On December 19, 2024, the Company entered into the First Amendment to the Amended Credit Agreement (the “Amended Credit Agreement”) to extend the $3.5 million Line of Credit to April 30, 2026. Pursuant to the Amended Credit Agreement, the Line of Credit accrues interest at an annual rate equal to the greater of 3.50% or the one-month secured overnight financing rate (“SOFR”) rate plus 2.75%, and each advance will be payable on the maturity date with the interest on outstanding advances payable monthly. The Company may, at its option, prepay any borrowings under the Line of Credit, in whole or in part at any time prior to the maturity date, without premium or penalty.

Also pursuant to the Amended Credit Agreement, the Term Loans accrue interest at an annual rate equal to the greater of 3.50% or the one-month SOFR rate plus 2.75%, and principal plus accrued interest will be payable quarterly in June, September, December, and March, in amounts sufficient to fully amortize the Term Loans through February 28, 2028 in the case of Term Loan A and through October 10, 2028 in the case of Term Loan B. The Company may prepay amounts borrowed under the Term Loans, in whole or in part with accrued interest to the date of such prepayment on the amount prepaid, by written notice to the Lender at least one business day prior to the proposed prepayment.

The Amended Credit Agreement contains customary events of default (each an “Event of Default”), which upon the occurrence of an Event of Default, as defined in the Amended Credit Agreement, among other things, interest will accrue at the applicable rate plus 2% per annum, and the Lender may declare all obligations, with interest thereon, immediately due and payable. The Amended Credit Agreement further contains customary representations and warranties of the Company; customary indemnification provisions whereby the Company will indemnify Lender for certain losses arising out of inaccuracies in, or breaches of, the representations, warranties and covenants of the Company, and certain other matters; and customary affirmative and negative covenants, including covenants to maintain a Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio (as defined in the Amended Credit Agreement) of not less than 1.25 to 1.00 as tested quarterly on a trailing twelve-month basis, starting with the fiscal quarter ending December 31, 2023, a Funded Debt to EBITDA Ratio (as defined in the Amended Credit Agreement) of not more than 2.50 to 1.00 as tested quarterly on a trailing twelve-month basis, starting with the fiscal quarter ending March 31, 2024, and to the extent the Term Loans still have a balance as of June 30, 2025 and a Cash Flow Leverage threshold (as defined in the Amended Credit Agreement) of at least 1.15 is not met, the Company will be required to make a prepayment on the Term Loans equal to 50% of the Excess Cash Flow (as defined in the Amended Credit Agreement). The Company was in compliance with all covenants as of December 31, 2024.

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As of December 31, 2024, the borrowings outstanding on the Term Loans and the Line of Credit were $13,125 and $0, respectively.

The Company has historically financed its operations primarily through cash flow from operations and equity and debt financings. The Company currently anticipates that cash derived from operations and existing cash reserves, along with available borrowings under the Line of Credit, will be sufficient to provide for the Company’s liquidity for the next twelve months.

The Company is dependent on cash flow from operations and amounts available under the Line of Credit to satisfy its working capital requirements. No assurances can be given that cash flow from operations and/or the Line of Credit will be sufficient to provide for the Company’s liquidity for the next twelve months. Should the Company be unable to generate sufficient revenue in the future to achieve positive cash flow from operations, and/or should capital be unavailable under the terms of the Line of Credit, additional working capital will be required. Management currently has no intention to raise additional working capital through the sale of equity or debt securities and believes that the cash flow from operations and available borrowings under the Line of Credit will provide sufficient capital necessary to operate the business over the next twelve months. In the event the Company fails to achieve positive cash flow from operations, additional capital is unavailable under the terms of the Line of Credit, and management is otherwise unable to secure additional working capital through the issuance of equity or debt securities, the Company’s business would be materially and adversely harmed.

Cash Provided by Operating Activities

Net cash provided by operating activities was $9,610 during the year ended December 31, 2024, compared to net cash provided by operating activities of $4,220 for the year ended December 31, 2023. The increase in cash provided by operating activities was primarily due to the higher net income driven by the acquisitions of MRC and the MusclePharm assets, as well as the payment of the transaction-related costs and other payables and expenses that were accrued at MRC at the time the Company acquired MRC in 2023.

Cash Used in Investing Activities

Cash used in investing activities was $10 and $35,993 during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The Company used $10 and $106 for purchases of property and equipment in the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company paid $17,099 for the acquisition of MRC and $18,788 for the acquisition of MusclePharm assets.

Cash Provided by (Used in) Financing Activities

Cash used in financing activities for the year ended December 31, 2024 was $6,983 as compared to cash provided by financing activities of $20,296 during the year ended December 31, 2023.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

Other than contractual obligations incurred in the normal course of business, we do not have any off-balance sheet financing arrangements or liabilities, retained or contingent interests in transferred assets or any obligation arising out of a material variable interest in an unconsolidated entity.

ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

Our business is conducted principally in the U.S. However, due to the MRC acquisition in 2023, the Company now has more exposure to fluctuations in foreign currencies. As a result, our financial results may be materially affected by factors such as changes in foreign currency exchange rates or economic conditions in foreign markets.

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Foreign Currency

In January 2023, the Company entered into a foreign currency hedging transaction to mitigate the risk of adverse changes in the USD/CAD exchange rate with respect to the pending acquisition of MRC. The Company entered into a forward contract to purchase CAD $25.0 million, as the Company anticipated providing additional working capital funding beyond the CAD $23.2 million purchase price for MRC. As the geographical scope of our business broadens, we may engage in additional foreign currency hedging transactions in the future. The Company has not entered into any foreign currency hedging transactions during the year ended December 31, 2024.

Interest Rates

Our exposure to risk for changes in interest rates relates primarily to borrowings under the Amended Credit Agreement (which includes the Term Loans as well as our Line of Credit), and our investments in short-term financial instruments. As of December 31, 2024, the Company had $13,125 outstanding on the Term Loans and $0 under its Line of Credit.

Investments of our cash balances in both fixed-rate and floating-rate interest-earning instruments carry some interest rate risk. The fair value of fixed-rate securities may fall due to a rise in interest rates, while floating-rate securities may produce less income than expected if interest rates fall. Partly as a result of this, our future interest income will vary due to changes in interest rates and we may suffer losses in principal if we are forced to sell securities that have fallen in estimated fair value due to changes in interest rates. However, as substantially all of our cash equivalents consist of bank deposits and short-term money market instruments, we do not expect any material change with respect to our net income as a result of an interest rate change.

ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

The information required hereunder in this Annual Report is set forth in the financial statements and the notes thereto beginning on Page F-1.

ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE

None.

ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

(a) Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures.

Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, an evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operations of our disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"), as of December 31, 2024 was completed. Based on this evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer believe that our disclosure controls and procedures are effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the reports submitted under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in SEC rules and forms, including to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Company is accumulated and communicated to management, including the principal executive officer and principal financial officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

(b) Management's Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting.

We are responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act). Our internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes of accounting principles generally accepted in the United States.

This Annual Report does not include an attestation report of our registered public accounting firm regarding internal control over financial reporting. Management’s report was not subject to attestation by our registered public accounting firm pursuant to an exemption for smaller reporting companies under Section 989G of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act.

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Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Therefore, even those systems determined to be effective can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving their control objectives.

Our CEO and CFO evaluated the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2024. In making this assessment, we used the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (“COSO”) in Internal Control—Integrated Framework. Based on this evaluation, our CEO and CFO concluded that, as of December 31, 2024, our internal control over financial reporting was effective.

(c)Changes in Internal Controls over Financial Reporting.

There were no additional changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) during the year ended December 31, 2024 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION

On October 3, 2024, Todd Ordal, a member of the Board of Directors of the Company, adopted a trading arrangement for the purchase of the Company’s Common Stock (the “Trading Plan”) that is intended to satisfy the affirmative defense conditions of Securities Exchange Act Rule 10b5-1(c). The Trading Plan has a term of 4 years, expiring on December 31, 2029, and provides for the quarterly purchase of 150 shares Common Stock.

Other than as disclosed above, no officers or directors, as defined in Rule 16a-1(f), adopted and/or terminated a “Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement” or a “non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement,” as defined in Regulation S-K Item 408, during the last fiscal quarter.

ITEM 9C. OTHER INFORMATION

Not applicable.

PART III

ITEM 10.DIRECTORS AND EXECUTIVE OFFICERS

In accordance with General Instruction G(3) to Form 10-K, certain information required by this Item is incorporated herein by reference to our definitive proxy statement for our 2025 annual meeting of stockholders to be filed with the SEC.

ITEM 11.EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION

In accordance with General Instruction G(3) to Form 10-K, certain information required by this Item is incorporated herein by reference to our definitive proxy statement for our 2025 annual meeting of stockholders to be filed with the SEC.

ITEM 12.SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT

In accordance with General Instruction G(3) to Form 10-K, certain information required by this Item is incorporated herein by reference to our definitive proxy statement for our 2025 annual meeting of stockholders to be filed with the SEC.

ITEM 13.CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE

In accordance with General Instruction G(3) to Form 10-K, certain information required by this Item is incorporated herein by reference to our definitive proxy statement for our 2025 annual meeting of stockholders to be filed with the SEC.

ITEM14.PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES

In accordance with General Instruction G(3) to Form 10-K, certain information required by this Item is incorporated herein by reference to our definitive proxy statement for our 2025 annual meeting of stockholders to be filed with the SEC.

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PART IV

ITEM 15. EXHIBITS AND REPORTS

Exhibits

4.3 Description of the Registrant’s Securities.

- 35 -

19.1 Insider Trading and Unauthorized Disclosure Policy

21 List of Subsidiaries.

23.1 Consent of Weinberg & Company, P.A.

97.1 FitLife Brands, Inc. Clawback Policy

101.SCH Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document

101.CAL Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document

101.DEF Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document

101.LAB Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document

101.PRE Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document

ITEM 16. FORM 10-K SUMMARY

None.

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SIGNATURES

In accordance with Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, there unto duly authorized.

Registrant FitLife Brands, Inc.

Date: March 27, 2025 By: /s/ Dayton Judd

Dayton Judd

Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer)

Date: March 27, 2025 By: /s/ Jakob York

Jakob York

Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer)

In accordance with the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the Company and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

Date: March 27, 2025 By: /s/ Dayton Judd

Dayton Judd

Chief Executive Officer and Chair of the Board

Date: March 27, 2025 By: /s/ Grant Dawson

Grant Dawson

Director

Date: March 27, 2025 By: /s/ Matthew Lingenbrink

Matthew Lingenbrink

Director

Date: March 27, 2025 By: /s/ Todd Ordal

Todd Ordal

Director

Date: March 27, 2025 By: /s/ Seth Yakatan

Seth Yakatan

Director

- 37 -

FITLIFE BRANDS, INC.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS:

Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31, 2024 and 2023 F-2

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS F-6

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the Stockholders and the

Board of Directors of FitLife Brands, Inc.

Omaha, NE

Opinion on the Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of FitLife Brands, Inc. (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the related consolidated statements of operations, stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for the years then ended, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “financial statements”). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the years then ended, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

Basis for Opinion

These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.

Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Critical Audit Matter

The critical audit matters communicated below are matters arising from the current period audit of the consolidated financial statements that were communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that (i) relate to accounts or disclosures that are material to the consolidated financial statements and (ii) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matters below, providing separate opinions on the critical audit matters or on the accounts or disclosures to which they relate.

Inventory Valuation

As of December 31, 2024, the Company’s inventory totaled $11.1 million. As explained in Note 2 and 4 to the financial statements, inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value, with cost determined on a first-in, first-out (“FIFO”) basis. The Company assesses inventory at each reporting date in order to assert that it is recorded at net realizable value. In determining net realizable value, management considers historical usage, forecasted demand in relation to inventory on hand, market conditions, expiration dates of inventory and other factors.

We identified the evaluation of slow-moving and obsolete inventories at net realizable value as a critical audit matter because a high degree of auditor judgment and effort was required to evaluate the Company’s ability to sell certain products.

The primary procedures we performed to address this critical audit matter included:

We have served as the Company’s auditor from 2018 through 2019, and since October 2023.

/s/ Weinberg & Company, P.A.

Los Angeles, California

March 27, 2025

F-1

FITLIFE BRANDS, INC.

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(in thousands, except per share amounts)

ASSETS:

CURRENT ASSETS

Cash and cash equivalents $ 4,468 $ 1,139

Prepaid expense and other current assets 898 639

Property and equipment, net 75 137

LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY:

CURRENT LIABILITIES:

Accrued expense and other liabilities 684 1,026

Lease liability - current portion 81 87

Long-term lease liability, net of current portion 331 51

STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY:

Retained earnings (accumulated deficit) 5,567 (3,417 )

Foreign currency translation adjustment (662 ) (292 )

TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY $ 58,531 $ 55,346

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

F-2

FITLIFE BRANDS, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

(in thousands, except per share amounts)

Years ended December 31,

OPERATING EXPENSE:

Selling, general and administrative 9,972 7,885

Merger and acquisition related 255 1,627

Depreciation and amortization 108 94

OTHER EXPENSE (INCOME)

Interest income (69 ) (289 )

Foreign exchange gain (50 ) (189 )

INCOME BEFORE INCOME TAX PROVISION 11,871 7,003

NET INCOME PER SHARE

Basic weighted average common shares 9,197 8,980

Diluted weighted average common shares 9,898 9,810

COMPREHENSIVE INCOME:

Foreign currency translation adjustment (370 ) (292 )

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

F-3

FITLIFE BRANDS, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY

(in thousands)

Shares Amount capital deficit) adjustment Total

Exercise of stock options 14 - 17 - - 17

Stock-based compensation - - 459 - - 459

Comprehensive loss - - - - (370 ) (370 )

Shares surrendered by former employee (122 ) - - - - -

Exercise of stock options 18 - 6 - - 6

Stock-based compensation - - 473 - - 473

Comprehensive loss - - - - (292 ) (292 )

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

F-4

FITLIFE BRANDS, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(in thousands)

Years ended December 31,

CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:

Depreciation and amortization 108 94

Allowance for doubtful accounts 24 (33 )

Allowance for inventory obsolescence (62 ) 55

Stock-based compensation 459 473

Amortization of deferred finance costs 41 15

Amortization of inventory step-up - 323

Changes in operating assets and liabilities:

Prepaid expense, other assets and sales tax receivable 692 (178 )

Right of use asset 90 83

Income taxes payable 634 (356 )

Lease liability (107 ) (77 )

Accrued liabilities and other liabilities (512 ) 122

Product returns (7 ) (19 )

Net cash provided by operating activities 9,610 4,220

CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:

Purchase of property and equipment (10 ) (106 )

Cash paid for acquisition of Mimi’s Rock Corp. - (17,099 )

Cash paid for acquisition of MusclePharm assets - (18,788 )

Net cash used in investing activities (10 ) (35,993 )

CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:

Proceeds from exercise of stock options and warrants 17 171

Borrowings on term loans - 22,500

Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities (6,983 ) 20,296

Foreign currency impact on cash 5 98

CHANGE IN CASH AND RESTRICTED CASH 2,622 (11,379 )

CASH AND RESTRICTED CASH, BEGINNING OF PERIOD 1,898 13,277

CASH AND RESTRICTED CASH, END OF PERIOD $ 4,520 $ 1,898

Supplemental cash flow disclosure

Cash paid for income taxes $ 2,498 $ 698

Cash paid for interest, net of amounts capitalized $ 1,361 $ 777

Non-cash investing and financing activities

Addition to right-of-use assets from new operating lease liabilities $ 386 $ -

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

F-5

FITLIFE BRANDS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2024 AND 2023

(in thousands, except per share amounts)

NOTE 1.DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS

Summary

FitLife Brands, Inc. (the “Company”) is a provider of innovative and proprietary nutritional supplements and wellness products for health-conscious consumers marketed under the following brand names: (i) NDS Nutrition, PMD Sports, SirenLabs, Core Active, Nutrology, and Metis Nutrition (together, “NDS Products”); (ii) iSatori, BioGenetic Laboratories, and Energize (together, the "iSatori Products"); (iii) Dr. Tobias, All Natural Advice, and Maritime Naturals, (together, the “MRC Products”); and (iv) MusclePharm (“MusclePharm”).

The Company distributes the NDS Products principally through franchised General Nutrition Centers, Inc. (“GNC”) stores located both domestically and internationally and, with the launch of Metis Nutrition, through corporate GNC stores in the U.S. The iSatori Products are sold through retail locations, which include specialty and mass, as well as online directly to the end consumer. The Company distributes the MRC Products primarily online through e-commerce platforms, such as Amazon, directly to the end consumer. MusclePharm’s products are sold to both wholesale customers as well as online through various e-commerce platforms directly to the end consumer.

FitLife Brands is headquartered in Omaha, Nebraska. For more information on the Company, please go to www.fitlifebrands.com. The Company’s common stock, par value $0.01 per share (“Common Stock”), trades under the symbol “FTLF” on the Nasdaq Capital Market.

Stock Split

On February 7, 2025, the Company effected a 2-for-1 stock split of its Common Stock and proportionately increased the number of authorized shares of Common Stock to 120,000. All share and per share information throughout this Annual Report on Form 10-K has been retroactively adjusted to reflect the stock split as of the earliest period presented. The shares of Common Stock retain a par value of $0.01 per share. Accordingly, an amount equal to the par value of the additional shares issued in the stock split was reclassified from additional paid-in capital in excess of par value to Common Stock.

Acquisition of Mimi’s Rock Corp

On February 28, 2023, the Company completed the acquisition of MRC. Total consideration for the acquisition of MRC was $17,099. See Note 8 to the financial statements for additional disclosure regarding the acquisition of MRC.

Acquisition of MusclePharm Assets

On October 10, 2023, the Company acquired substantially all of the assets of MusclePharm Corporation (“MusclePharm”) through an asset purchase transaction under Section 363 of the U.S. Bankruptcy Code. Total consideration for the acquisition was approximately $18,500. See Note 9 for additional disclosure regarding the acquisition of MusclePharm.

NOTE 2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

The Company prepares its financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”). Significant accounting policies are as follows:

F-6

Principles of Consolidation

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its subsidiaries. Intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in the consolidated financial statements.

Foreign Currency Translation

The functional currency of the Company is the U.S. dollar. The functional currency of the Company’s Canadian subsidiaries is the Canadian dollar. The assets and liabilities of the Company’s foreign subsidiaries are translated into U.S. dollars using end-of-period exchange rates. Changes in reported amounts of assets and liabilities of foreign subsidiaries that occur as a result of changes in exchange rates between foreign subsidiaries’ functional currencies and the U.S. dollar are included in foreign currency translation adjustment. Foreign currency translation adjustment is included as a component of stockholders’ equity in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. Revenue and expense transactions use an average rate prevailing during the period of the related transaction. Transaction gains and losses that arise from exchange rate fluctuations denominated in a currency other than the functional currency of each subsidiary are included in the results of operations as incurred.

Use of Estimates and Assumptions

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect (i) the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, (ii) the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities known to exist as of the date the financial statements are published, and (iii) the reported amount of net sales and expense recognized during the periods presented.

Those estimates and assumptions include estimates for reserves of uncollectible accounts receivable, allowance for inventory obsolescence, product returns, depreciable lives of property and equipment, allocation of purchase price from business combinations, analysis of impairment of goodwill, realization of deferred tax assets, accruals for potential liabilities and assumptions made in valuing stock instruments issued for services. Management evaluates these estimates and assumptions on a regular basis. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Revenue Recognition

The Company’s revenue is comprised of sales of nutritional supplements and wellness products to consumers.

The Company accounts for revenue in accordance with FASB ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASC 606”). The underlying principle of ASC 606 is to recognize revenue to depict the transfer of goods or services to customers at the amount expected to be collected. ASC 606 creates a five-step model that requires entities to exercise judgment when considering the terms of contract(s), which includes (1) identifying the contract(s) or agreement(s) with a customer, (2) identifying our performance obligations in the contract or agreement, (3) determining the transaction price, (4) allocating the transaction price to the separate performance obligations, and (5) recognizing revenue as each performance obligation is satisfied. Under ASC 606, revenue is recognized when performance obligations under the terms of a contract are satisfied, which occurs for the Company upon shipment or delivery of products to our customers based on written sales terms. Revenue is measured as the amount of consideration we expect to receive in exchange for transferring the products to a customer.

All products sold by the Company are distinct individual products and consist of nutritional supplements and wellness products. The products are offered for sale solely as finished goods, and there are no performance obligations required post-shipment for customers to derive the expected value from them.

The Company’s products are also sold on e-commerce platforms including Amazon. For these transactions, the Company evaluated principal versus agent considerations to determine appropriateness of recording distribution and platform fees paid to third-party e-commerce companies as an expense or as a reduction of revenue. The Company records distribution and platform fees to cost of goods sold in the consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income. Distribution and platform fees are not recorded as a reduction of revenue because the Company (1) owns the goods before they are transferred to the customer, (2) can direct Amazon, similar to other third-party logistics providers (“Logistic Providers”), to return the Company’s inventory to any location specified by the Company, (3) has the responsibility to make customers whole following any returns made by customers directly to Logistic Providers and the Company retains the back-end inventory risk, (4) is subject to credit risk (i.e., credit card chargebacks), (5) establishes prices of its products, (6) can determine who fulfills the goods to the customer (Amazon or the Company) and (7) can limit quantities or stop selling the goods at any time. Based on these considerations, the Company is the principal in this arrangement. Advertising fees paid to Amazon are recorded in advertising and marketing expense in the consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income.

F-7

The Company disaggregates revenue into distribution channels, geographical regions, and collections of brands (Legacy FitLife and recently acquired brands). The Company determines that disaggregating revenue into these categories achieves the disclosure objective to depict how the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows are affected by economic factors.

Online revenue, which consists of revenue generated from sales on the Company’s own websites as well as third-party e-commerce platforms such as Amazon, for the year ended December 31, 2024 was approximately 67% of total revenue, compared to roughly 63% of total revenue during the same twelve-month period in 2023.

Sales to customers in the U.S. were approximately 95% and 93% for the year ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, with the balance of sales to customers primarily in Canada.

The Company provides limited financial performance metrics for three collections of brands—Legacy FitLife (consists of nine brands), MRC (consists of three brands), and MusclePharm (one brand). These collections of brands do not meet the definition of operating segments and are not managed as such.

Years ended December 31,

Control of products we sell transfers to customers upon shipment from our facilities or delivery to our customers, and the Company’s performance obligations are satisfied at that time. Shipping and handling activities are performed before the customer obtains control of the goods and therefore represent a fulfillment activity rather than promised goods to the customer. Payments for sales are generally made by check, credit card, or wire transfer. Historically the Company has not experienced any significant payment delays from customers.

For direct-to-consumer sales, the Company allows for returns within 30 days of purchase. Our wholesale customers, such as GNC, may return purchased products to the Company under certain circumstances, which include expired or soon-to-be-expired products located in GNC corporate stores or at any of its distribution centers, and products that are subject to a recall or that contain an ingredient or ingredients that are subject to a recall by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.

A right of return does not represent a separate performance obligation, but because customers are allowed to return products, the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled is variable. Upon evaluation of returns, the Company determined that product returns are immaterial, and therefore believes it is probable that such returns will not cause a significant reversal of revenue in the future. We assess our contracts and the reasonableness of our conclusions on a quarterly basis.

Customer and Vendor Concentration

Total net sales to GNC during 2024 and 2023 were 23% and 33% of total revenue for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Accounts receivable attributable to GNC as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 represented 35% and 30% of the Company’s total accounts receivable balance, respectively.

As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, there was one vendor who accounted for 59% and 51% of the Company's consolidated accounts payable, respectively. For the year ended December 31, 2024, there were two vendors who accounted for 44% and 28% of the Company's inventory-related purchases. For the year ended December 31, 2023, there were three vendors who accounted for 37%, 30%, and 10% of the Company's inventory-related purchases.

F-8

Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

All of the Company’s accounts receivable balance is related to trade receivables. Trade accounts receivable are recorded at the invoiced amount and do not bear interest. The allowance for doubtful accounts is the Company’s best estimate of the amount of probable credit losses in its existing accounts receivable. The Company will maintain allowances for doubtful accounts, estimating losses resulting from the inability of its customers to make required payments for products. Accounts with known financial issues are first reviewed and specific estimates are recorded. The remaining accounts receivable balances are then grouped into categories by the number of days the balance is past due, and the estimated loss is recorded based upon management’s assessment of collectability. Account balances are charged off against the allowance when it is probable that the receivable will not be recovered.

As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company had provided a reserve for doubtful accounts of $41 and $17, respectively.

Product Returns, Sales Incentives and Other Forms of Variable Consideration

In measuring revenue and determining the consideration the Company is entitled to as part of a contract with a customer, the Company takes into account the related elements of variable consideration. Such elements of variable consideration include, but are not limited to, product returns and sales incentives, such as markdowns and margin adjustments. For these types of arrangements, the adjustments to revenue are recorded at the later of when (i) the Company recognizes revenue for the transfer of the related products to the customers, or (ii) the Company pays, or promises to pay, the consideration.

We currently have a 30-day product return policy for direct-to-consumer sales, which allows for a 100% sales price refund for the return of unopened and undamaged products purchased from us online through one of our websites or e-commerce platforms. Product sold to certain wholesale customers may be returned from store shelves or the distribution center in the event product is damaged, short dated, expired or recalled.

GNC maintains a customer satisfaction program which allows customers to return product to the store for credit or refund. Subject to certain terms and restrictions, GNC may require reimbursement from vendors for unsaleable returned product through either direct payment or credit against a future invoice. We also support a product return policy for iSatori Products, whereby customers can return product for credit or refund. Product returns can and do occur from time to time and can be material.

For the sale of goods with a right of return, the Company estimates variable consideration using the most likely amount method and recognizes revenue for the consideration it expects to be entitled to when control of the related product is transferred to the customers and records a product returns liability for the amount it expects to credit back its customers. Under this method, certain forms of variable consideration are based on expected sell-through results, which requires subjective estimates. These estimates are supported by historical results as well as specific facts and circumstances related to the current period. The product returns liability includes estimates that directly impact reported revenue. These estimates are calculated based on a history of actual returns, estimated future returns and information provided by customers regarding their inventory levels. Consideration of these factors results in an estimate for anticipated sales returns that reflects increases or decreases related to seasonal fluctuations. In addition, as necessary, product returns liability may be established for significant future known or anticipated events. The types of known or anticipated events that are considered, and will continue to be considered, include, but are not limited to, changes in the retail environment and the Company's decision to continue to support new and existing products.

Information for product returns is received on a regular basis and adjusted for accordingly. Adjustments for returns are based on factual information and historical trends for Company products and are specific to each distribution channel. We monitor, among other things, remaining shelf life and sell-through data on a weekly basis. If we determine there are any risks or issues with any specific products, we accrue sales return allowances based on management’s assessment of the overall risk and likelihood of returns in light of all information available.

Total allowance for product returns, sales returns and incentive programs as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 amounted to $564 and $571, respectively.

F-9

Cost of Goods Sold

Cost of goods sold is comprised of the costs of products, in-bound freight charges, shipping and handling costs, purchase and receiving costs, and commissions paid to Amazon and other online selling platforms. Other expenses not related to the production and distribution of our products is classified as operating expense.

Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash

The Company’s cash balances on deposit with banks are guaranteed up to amounts designated by the regulatory frameworks of the jurisdictions in which the accounts are maintained. The Company may be exposed to risk for the funds held in bank accounts that exceed the insurance limit. In assessing the risk, the Company’s policy is to maintain cash balances with high-quality financial institutions. The Company had cash balances exceeding the guarantee during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023. Management believes that the financial institutions that hold the Company’s cash are financially sound and, accordingly, minimal credit risk exists.

Restricted cash consists of cash on deposit with a financial institution in an interest-bearing account pursuant to a credit card agreement.

Inventory

Inventory is stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value, with costs determined on a first-in, first-out (FIFO) basis. We regularly review our inventory quantities on hand and record a provision for excess and obsolete inventory based primarily on our estimated forecast of product demand and/or our ability to sell the product(s) concerned and production requirements. Demand for our products can fluctuate significantly. Factors that could affect demand for our products include unanticipated changes in consumer preferences, general market conditions or other factors, which may result in cancellations of advance orders or a reduction in the rate of reorders placed by customers. Additionally, our management’s estimates of future product demand may be inaccurate, which could result in an understated or overstated provision required for excess and obsolete inventory.

As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the aggregate allowance for expiring, slow moving and excess inventory amounted to $100 and $162, respectively.

Leases

The Company accounts for its leases in accordance with the guidance of ASC 842, Leases. The Company determines whether a contract is, or contains, a lease at inception. Right-of-use assets represent the Company’s right to use an underlying asset during the lease term, and lease liabilities represent the Company’s obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Right-of-use assets and lease liabilities are recognized at lease commencement based upon the estimated present value of unpaid lease payments over the lease term. The Company uses its incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at lease commencement in determining the present value of unpaid lease payments.

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment is recorded at cost and depreciated over the estimated useful lives of the assets using the straight-line method. The Company amortizes leasehold improvements over the estimated life of these assets or the term of the lease, whichever is shorter. When items are retired or otherwise disposed of, income is charged or credited for the difference between net book value and proceeds realized. Ordinary maintenance and repairs are charged to expense as incurred, and replacements and betterments are capitalized.

Management regularly reviews property, equipment and other long-lived assets for possible impairment. This review occurs annually or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying amount of the asset may not be recoverable. Based upon management’s annual assessment, there were no indicators of impairment of the Company’s property and equipment and other long-lived assets as of December 31, 2024 and 2023.

F-10

Intangible and Long-lived Assets

Intangible assets are recorded at cost and amortized using the straight-line method over their estimated useful lives. The Company regularly reviews the carrying value and estimated lives of its long-lived assets and intangible assets to determine whether indicators of impairment may exist which warrant adjustments to carrying values or estimated useful lives. The determinants used for this evaluation include management’s estimate of the asset’s ability to generate positive income from operations and positive cash flow in future periods as well as the strategic significance of the assets to the Company’s business objectives. Should an impairment exist, the impairment loss would be measured based on the excess of the carrying amount of the long-lived asset group over the asset’s fair value.

Based on management’s assessment, there were no indicators of impairment during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023.

Goodwill

The Company has determined that it has a single reporting unit for purposes of performing its goodwill impairment test. The Company reviews goodwill for impairment on an annual basis or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying value may not be recoverable. The Company first assesses qualitative factors to determine whether it is more-likely-than-not that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than the carrying amount as a basis for determining whether it is necessary to perform an impairment test. If the qualitative assessment warrants further analysis, the Company compares the fair value of the reporting unit to its carrying value. The fair value of the reporting unit is determined using the market approach. The Company determines the amount of a potential goodwill impairment by comparing the fair value of the reporting unit with its carrying amount. To the extent the carrying value of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value, a goodwill impairment charge is recognized.

As the Company uses the market approach to determine fair value of the reporting unit, the price of its Common Stock is an important component of the fair value calculation. If the Company’s stock price experiences significant price and volume fluctuations, this will impact the fair value of the reporting unit, which can lead to potential impairment in future periods.

Based on management’s assessment, there were no indicators of impairment during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023.

Acquisitions and Business Combinations

The Company allocates the fair value of purchase consideration to the tangible assets acquired, liabilities assumed, and separately identified intangible assets acquired based on their estimated fair values. The excess of the fair value of purchase consideration over the fair values of these identifiable assets and liabilities is recorded as goodwill. Such valuations require management to make significant estimates and assumptions, especially with respect to intangible assets. Significant estimates in valuing certain intangible assets include, but are not limited to, future expected cash flows from acquired trademarks and trade names, useful lives, and discount rates. Management’s estimates of fair value are based upon assumptions believed to be reasonable, but which are inherently uncertain and unpredictable and, as a result, actual results may differ from estimates. During the measurement period, which is the period needed to gather all information necessary to make the purchase price allocation, not to exceed one year from the acquisition date, we may record adjustments to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed, with the corresponding offset to goodwill. Upon the conclusion of the measurement period, any subsequent adjustments are recorded to earnings.

Income Taxes

The Company accounts for income taxes under FASB ASC Topic 740, Income Taxes (“ASC 740”). Under the asset and liability method of ASC 740, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been included in the financial statements or tax returns. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the differences between the financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to reverse. The deferred tax assets of the Company relate primarily to operating loss carryforwards for federal income tax purposes. The deferred tax liabilities of the Company relate primarily to intangible assets that are not deductible for tax purposes in the jurisdictions to which they relate.

The Company periodically evaluates its tax positions to determine whether it is more likely than not that such positions would be sustained upon examination by a tax authority for all open tax years, as defined by the statute of limitations, based on their technical merits. The Company accrues interest and penalties, if incurred, on unrecognized tax benefits as components of the income tax provision in the accompanying consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company has not established a liability for uncertain tax positions.

F-11

Net Income Per Share

Basic net income per share is computed by dividing net income by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted earnings per share is computed by dividing the net income available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding plus the number of additional common shares that would have been outstanding if all dilutive potential common shares had been issued using the treasury stock method. Potential common shares are excluded from the computation when their effect is antidilutive. The dilutive effect of potentially dilutive securities is reflected in diluted net income per share if the exercise prices were lower than the average fair market value of common shares during the reporting period.