ESTC · Read the filing

estc-20250430

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

FORM 10-K

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

(Mark One)

For the fiscal year ended April 30, 2025

For the transition period from to

Commission File Number 001-38675

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Elastic N.V.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Not Applicable1

(Address of principal executive offices, including zip code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: Not Applicable1

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class Trading Symbol(s) Name of each exchange on which registered

Ordinary shares, Par Value €0.01 Per Share ESTC New York Stock Exchange

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Act. Yes ☐ No ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer ☒ Accelerated filer ☐

Non-accelerated filer ☐ Smaller reporting company ☐

Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. ☒

If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant’s executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b). ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

1 We are a distributed company. Accordingly, we do not have a principal executive office. For purposes of compliance with applicable requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, any shareholder communication required to be sent to our principal executive offices may be directed to the email address ir@elastic.co or to Elastic N.V., 88 Kearny St., Floor 19, San Francisco, CA 94108.

The aggregate market value of the ordinary shares held by non-affiliates of the registrant, based on the closing price of the ordinary shares on the New York Stock Exchange on October 31, 2024 (the last business day of the registrant’s second fiscal quarter), was approximately $8.3 billion.

As of May 31, 2025, the registrant had 105,534,887 ordinary shares, par value €0.01 per share, outstanding.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

Portions of the registrant’s definitive proxy statement relating to the registrant’s 2025 annual general meeting of shareholders are incorporated by reference into Part III of this Annual Report on Form 10-K where indicated. Such definitive proxy statement will be filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission within 120 days after the end of the registrant’s fiscal year ended April 30, 2025.

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Page

PART I

Item 1. Business 5

Item 1A. Risk Factors 16

Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments 49

Item 1C. Cybersecurity 49

Item 2. Properties 50

Item 3. Legal Proceedings 50

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures 50

PART II

Item 6. [Reserved] 51

Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk 65

Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data 67

Item 9A. Controls and Procedures 101

Item 9B. Other Information 102

Item 9C. Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections 102

PART III

Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance 103

Item 11. Executive Compensation 103

Item 14. Principal Accountant Fees and Services 103

PART IV

Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules 104

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General

Unless the context otherwise indicates, references in this report to the terms “Elastic,” “the Company,” “we,” “our” and “us” refer to Elastic N.V. individually and together with its consolidated subsidiaries.

All information presented herein is based on our fiscal calendar. Unless otherwise stated, references to particular years, quarters, months or periods refer to the Company’s fiscal years ended April 30 and the associated quarters, months and periods within those fiscal years. We refer to our fiscal year ended April 30, 2025 as “fiscal 2025,” to our fiscal year ended April 30, 2024 as “fiscal 2024,” and to our fiscal year ended April 30, 2023 as “fiscal 2023.”

Trademarks

The Elastic design logo “Elastic” and our other registered or common law trademarks, service marks or trade names appearing in this Annual Report on Form 10-K are the property of Elastic N.V. and its subsidiaries. Other trademarks and trade names referred to in this Annual Report on Form 10-K are the property of their respective owners. Solely for convenience, trademarks and trade names referred to in this Annual Report on Form 10-K may appear without the ® or TM symbols.

Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

This Annual Report on Form 10-K contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act"), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), which involve substantial risks and uncertainties. Forward-looking statements generally relate to future events or our future financial or operating performance. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements because they contain words such as “may,” “might,” “will,” “should,” “expects,” “plans,” “anticipates,” “could,” “intends,” “target,” “projects,” “contemplates,” “believes,” “estimates,” “predicts,” “potential,” or “continue” or the negative of these words or other similar terms or expressions that concern our expectations, strategy, plans, or intentions. Forward-looking statements contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K include, but are not limited to, statements about:

•our business strategy and our plan to build our business;

•the impact of macroeconomic conditions, including declining rates of economic growth, inflationary pressures, changing interest rates, changes in U.S. federal spending, evolving international trade policies and environments, and other conditions discussed in this report, on information technology (“IT”) spending, sales cycles, and other factors affecting the demand for our offerings and our results of operations;

•our initiatives and investments involving artificial intelligence (“AI”);

•our future financial performance, including our expectations regarding our revenue, cost of revenue, gross profit or gross margin, operating expenses (which include changes in sales and marketing, research and development and general and administrative expenses), and our ability to achieve and maintain future profitability;

•our ability to continue to deliver and improve our offerings and successfully develop new offerings;

•customer acceptance and purchase of our existing offerings and new offerings, including expanding adoption of our cloud-based offerings;

•the impact of geopolitical conditions, including the evolving conflicts in the Middle East and Russia’s war with Ukraine, on our business and on the businesses of our customers and partners, including their spending priorities;

•the impact that increased adoption of consumption-based arrangements could have on our revenue or operating results;

•the impact of changes to our licensing of our products, particularly Elasticsearch and Kibana;

•our assessments of the strength of our solutions and products;

•our service performance and security, including the resources and costs required to prevent, detect and remediate potential security breaches or incidents;

•our ability to maintain and expand our user and customer base;

•continued development of the market for our products;

•competition from other products and companies with more resources, recognition and presence in our industry;

•the impact of foreign currency exchange rate and interest rate fluctuations on our results;

•the pace of change and innovation in the markets in which we operate and the competitive nature of those markets;

•our ability to effectively manage our growth, including any changes to our pace of hiring;

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•our international expansion strategy;

•our strategy of acquiring complementary businesses and our ability to successfully integrate acquired businesses and technologies;

•the impact of acquisitions on our future product offerings;

•our objectives and expectations for future operations;

•our relationships with and reliance on third parties, including partners;

•our ability to protect our intellectual property rights;

•our ability to develop our brands;

•the impact on our results of operations of expensing stock options and other equity awards;

•the sufficiency of our capital resources;

•our ability to successfully defend litigation brought against us;

•our ability to successfully execute our go-to-market strategy, including the positioning of our solutions and products, and to expand in our existing markets and into new markets;

•sufficiency of our liquidity sources to meet our cash requirements for at least the next 12 months and thereafter;

•our ability to comply with laws and regulations that currently apply or may become applicable to our business both in the United States and internationally;

•our ability to attract and retain qualified employees and key personnel;

•the effect of the loss of key personnel;

•our expectations about the impact of natural disasters and public health epidemics and pandemics on our business, results of operations and financial condition;

•the seasonality of our business;

•the future trading prices of our ordinary shares; and

•our ability to service our debt obligations.

In addition, statements that “we believe” and similar statements reflect our beliefs and opinions. These statements are based upon information available to us as of the date of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, and while we believe this information forms a reasonable basis for such statements, the information may be limited or incomplete, and our statements should not be read to indicate that we have conducted an exhaustive inquiry into, or review of, all potentially available relevant information. These statements are inherently uncertain and subject to the risks and other factors described in the section titled “Risk Factors” in Part I, Item 1A and elsewhere in this report. Among other limitations, our forward-looking statements may not reflect the potential impact of any future acquisitions, mergers, dispositions, joint ventures, or investments that we may make. As a result, investors are cautioned not to place undue reliance on any forward-looking statements.

The forward-looking statements made in this Annual Report on Form 10-K relate only to events or circumstances on the date as of which such statements are made. We undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statements after the date as of which they are made or to conform such statements to actual results or revised expectations, except as required by law. We may not actually achieve the plans, intentions, or expectations disclosed in our forward-looking statements.

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Risk Factors Summary

The following is a summary of the key risks and uncertainties associated with our business, industry, and ownership of our ordinary shares. The summary below does not contain all of the information that may be important to you, and you should read this summary together with the more complete discussion of the risks and uncertainties we face, which are set forth in Part I, “Item 1A—Risk Factors” in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

•If we do not appropriately manage our future growth or are unable to improve our systems and processes, our business and results of operations may be adversely affected.

•We have a history of losses and may not be able to achieve profitability on a consistent basis.

•Information technology spending, sales cycles, and other factors affecting the demand for our offerings and our results of operations have been, and may continue to be, negatively impacted by current macroeconomic conditions, including declining rates of economic growth, inflationary pressures, increased interest rates, changes in U.S. federal spending, evolving international trade policies and environments, and other conditions discussed in this report, and by the evolving conflicts in the Middle East and Russia’s war with Ukraine.

•We may not be successful in our artificial intelligence initiatives, and ethical and regulatory issues relating to the use of AI in our offerings may result in new or enhanced governmental or regulatory scrutiny, reputational harm, damage to our competitive position, and liability.

•We and our third-party vendors are vulnerable to cybersecurity risks and incidents that may disrupt or damage our business.

•Our future growth, business, and results of operations will be harmed if we are not able to keep pace with technological and competitive developments, increase sales of our subscriptions to new and existing customers, renew existing customers’ subscriptions, respond effectively to evolving markets, offer high-quality support services, or maintain and enhance our brand.

•Our ability to grow our business will suffer if we do not expand adoption of, or realize expected return on investments in, our Elastic Cloud offerings.

•Our operating results may fluctuate from quarter to quarter.

•Our limited history with consumption-based arrangements for our Elastic Cloud offerings is not adequate to enable us to accurately predict the long-term rate of customer adoption or renewal, or the impact those arrangements will have on our near-term or long-term revenue and operating results.

•Because we recognize the vast majority of our revenue from subscriptions, downturns or upturns in sales are not immediately reflected in full in our results of operations.

•The sales prices of our offerings may decrease, and we expect our revenue mix to vary over time.

•We may not be able to attract and retain key employees or effectively develop and expand our sales, marketing, and customer support capabilities.

•We may not be able to realize the benefits of our marketing strategies, such as where we offer some of our product features free of charge and provide free trials to some of our paid features.

•Our international business exposes us to a variety of risks, and if we are not successful in sustaining and expanding our international business, we may incur additional losses and our revenue growth could be harmed.

•We are subject to risks associated with our receipt of revenue from sales to government entities.

•If our partners, including cloud providers, systems integrators, channel partners, referral partners, original equipment manufacturing (“OEM”) and managed service provider (“MSP”) partners, and technology partners fail to perform, or we are unable to maintain successful relationships with them, our ability to market, sell, and distribute our solution may be limited.

•Our decision to no longer offer Elasticsearch and Kibana under an open source license may harm the adoption of those products.

•We could be negatively impacted if the source code licenses under which some of our software is licensed are not enforceable.

•Our reputation could be harmed if third parties offer inadequate or defective implementations of software that we have previously made available under an open source license.

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•Limited technological barriers to entry into the markets in which we compete may facilitate entry by other enterprises into our markets to compete with us.

•A real or perceived defect, security vulnerability, error, or performance failure in our software could cause us to lose revenue, damage our reputation, and expose us to financial liability.

•Interruptions or performance problems, and our reliance on technologies from third parties, may adversely affect our business operations and financial results.

•Incorrect implementation or use of our software could negatively affect our business, operations, financial results, and growth prospects.

•Failure to protect our proprietary technology and intellectual property rights could substantially harm our business and results of operations.

•We could incur substantial costs as a result of any claim of infringement, misappropriation, or violation of another party’s intellectual property rights, including as a result of the indemnity provisions in various agreements.

•Our use of third-party open source software within our products could negatively affect our ability to sell our products and subject us to litigation.

•An investment in our company is subject to tax risks based on our status as a non-U.S. corporation.

•Any actual or perceived failure by us to comply with regulations or any other obligations relating to privacy, data protection, or information security could adversely affect our business.

•Our business is subject to a variety of government and industry regulations, as well as other obligations including compliance with export control, trade sanctions, anti-bribery, anti-corruption, and anti-money laundering laws.

•The market price for our ordinary shares has been, and is likely to continue to be, volatile.

•We may fail to meet our publicly announced guidance or other expectations about our business.

•The concentration of our share ownership with insiders will likely limit your ability to influence corporate matters, and the issuance of additional shares will dilute all other shareholders.

•Holders of our ordinary shares may not be able to exercise pre-emptive rights and may experience dilution upon future issuances of ordinary shares.

•Dutch law and our articles of association include anti-takeover provisions, and we do not comply with all suggested governance provisions of the Dutch Corporate Governance Code (“DCGC”).

•We do not intend to pay cash dividends in the foreseeable future.

•Claims of U.S. civil liabilities may not be enforceable against us.

•If industry or financial analysts do not publish research or reports about our business, or if they issue inaccurate or unfavorable research regarding our ordinary shares, our share price and trading volume could decline.

•We have a substantial amount of indebtedness and may not be able to generate sufficient cash to service all of our indebtedness.

•We may not benefit from our acquisition strategy.

•Our reputation or business could be negatively impacted by environmental, social, and governance (“ESG”) matters and our reporting of such matters.

•We may fail to maintain an effective system of disclosure controls and internal control over financial reporting.

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PART I

Item 1. Business

Overview

Elastic, the Search AI Company, enables its customers to transform data into answers, actions, and outcomes with Search AI. While search technology revolutionized information retrieval through its ability to instantly return relevant results from massive datasets, it struggles when it comes to understanding context and generating insights. AI, on the other hand, excels at analyzing complex patterns and generating insights, but it lacks the ability to find and access specific information within vast data stores. Elastic’s Search AI Platform (“our platform”) combines the precision of search with the intelligence of AI to help our customers and community solve real-time business problems, unlock potential value, and achieve better outcomes. Our platform, available as either a cloud service or a self-managed software, allows our customers to find insights and drive AI and machine learning use cases from large amounts of data.

We offer three Search AI-powered solutions—Elasticsearch, Elastic Observability, and Elastic Security—that are built on our platform. We help organizations, their employees, and their customers find what they need faster, while keeping mission-critical applications and infrastructure running smoothly and protecting against cyber threats.

As digital transformation continues to drive mission-critical business functions to the cloud, we believe that every company must incorporate search AI capabilities across IT and line-of-business organizations to find the answers that matter from all of its data in real time and at scale.

Our platform is able to ingest data from any source, in any format, and perform search, analysis, and visualization of that data. With Elasticsearch at its core, our platform is a highly scalable document store and search engine, and is the unified data store for all of our solutions and use cases. Featuring a common, solution-agnostic user interface with powerful drag-and-drop visual analytics, centralized management capabilities, and the world's most downloaded open source vector database, our platform gives developers a full suite of sophisticated retrieval algorithms and the ability to integrate with large language models (“LLM”). It delivers the comprehensive set of capabilities developers need to build, maintain, and secure next-generation applications and services. In addition, our out-of-the-box solutions (Elastic Observability and Elastic Security) deliver fast time-to-value for common use cases and, paired with our developer-centric platform which is extensible and customizable, allow us to innovate quickly and differentiate our offerings at every level.

We make our platform available as a service across major cloud providers (Amazon Web Services (“AWS”), Google Cloud Platform (“GCP”), and Microsoft (“Azure”)) in more than 55 public cloud regions globally. Customers can also deploy our platform across hybrid clouds, public or private clouds, and multi-cloud environments.

Our business model is based primarily on a combination of paid service offerings (Elastic Cloud Hosted and Elastic Cloud Serverless) and free and paid proprietary self-managed software (Elastic Self-Managed). Our paid offerings for our platform are sold via subscription through resource-based pricing, and all customers and users have access to varying levels of features across all solutions. In Elastic Cloud, our family of cloud-based offerings, we offer various subscription tiers tied to different features. For users who download our software, we make some of the features of our software available free of charge, allowing us to engage with a broad community of developers and practitioners and introduce them to the value of our platform.

We believe in the importance of an open software development model, and we develop the majority of our software in public repositories under an open source GNU Affero General Public License v3 (“AGPL”) license, as well as under a proprietary license. Unlike some companies, we do not build an enterprise version that is separate from our free distribution. We maintain a single code base across both our self-managed software and Elastic-hosted services. All of these actions help us build a powerful commercial business model that we believe is optimized for product-driven growth. Elastic has always been committed to open source and an open development process with transparent and direct engagement with our community. The core of Elasticsearch and Kibana (a user interface) are open source under an AGPL license, and our open source code is housed in public repositories.

Our customers often significantly expand their usage of our products and services over time. Expansion includes increasing the number of developers and practitioners using our products, increasing the utilization of our products for a particular use case, and utilizing our products to address new use cases. We focus some of our direct sales efforts on encouraging this type of expansion within our customer base, both within as well as across solutions. Because our business model provides access to all solutions with resource-based pricing, we make it easy for customers to expand across use cases.

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Our business has experienced rapid growth around the world. As of April 30, 2025, we had approximately 21,500 customers compared to approximately 21,000 customers and approximately 20,200 customers as of April 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Our total revenue was $1.483 billion, $1.267 billion, and $1.069 billion for the years ended April 30, 2025, 2024, and 2023, respectively, representing year-over-year growth of 17% for the year ended April 30, 2025 and 19% for the year ended April 30, 2024. Subscriptions accounted for 93% of our total revenue for the years ended April 30, 2025 and 2024, and 92% of our total revenue for the year ended April 30, 2023. Revenue from customers located outside the United States accounted for 44%, 42%, and 41% of our total revenue for the years ended April 30, 2025, 2024, and 2023, respectively.

We recorded a net loss of $108.1 million for the year ended April 30, 2025, a net income of $61.7 million for the year ended April 30, 2024, and a net loss of $236.2 million for the year ended April 30, 2023. We may incur net losses in the foreseeable future. Our net cash provided by operating activities was $266.2 million, $148.8 million, and $35.7 million for the years ended April 30, 2025, 2024, and 2023 respectively.

Our Products

Our products enable our customers and users to find relevant information and insights nearly instantly in large amounts of data across a broad range of business and consumer use cases.

Our platform includes a powerful set of solutions able to ingest and store data from any source, in any format, and perform search, analysis, and visualization, usually in milliseconds. Our platform can be used by developers and IT decision makers to power a variety of use cases. We also offer software solutions built on the Search AI Platform that address a wide variety of use cases. Our platform and each of our solutions (Elasticsearch, Elastic Observability, and Elastic Security) are designed to run in public or private clouds, in hybrid environments, or in multi-cloud environments.

Elastic’s Search AI Platform

At its core, our platform is powered by Elasticsearch—a distributed, real-time vector database and analytics engine and data store for all types of data, including textual, numerical, geospatial, structured, and unstructured. Our platform includes a user interface (known as “Kibana”) that is the visualization layer for data stored in Elasticsearch; this layer is also the management and configuration interface for all parts of our platform.

Elastic has spent years infusing its platform with a strong foundational suite of AI and machine learning capabilities—from support for external machine learning models to native vector search capabilities, supervised and unsupervised machine learning, and solution capabilities that improve search relevance and identify anomalies. Elastic enables organizations to integrate generative AI and large language models by building key capabilities into its products.

Paid features enable capabilities such as automating anomaly detection on time-series data at scale through machine learning, facilitating compliance with data security and privacy regulations, supporting search across low-cost cold and frozen data tiers, and allowing real-time notifications and alerts. The source code of features included as part of our platform is generally visible to the public in the form of “open source.”

Our Solutions

We have built a number of solutions into our platform to make it easier for organizations to use our software for common use cases. Our solutions include the following:

•Elasticsearch. Our search solution provides a powerful foundation for building search AI-powered applications. Key use cases for Elasticsearch include generative AI and retrieval-augmented generation, search applications, and foundational capabilities for building search experiences to support websites and portals, e-commerce, mobile app search, customer support, and workplace search.

•Elastic Observability. Our observability solution enables unified analysis across the IT ecosystem of applications, networks, and infrastructure. Observability includes log analytics, to search, analyze, and visualize petabytes of structured and unstructured logs; infrastructure monitoring, to gain visibility across cloud, on-premises, Kubernetes, serverless, and hosts; Application Performance Monitoring (“APM”), to stream native production-grade OpenTelemetry without proprietary agents, and gain broad language support to deliver insight to pinpoint code issues and debug faster; digital experience monitoring, to improve user experience with synthetic testing, real user monitoring (“RUM”), and uptime monitoring AI for IT operations (“AIOps”), always-on machine learning analysis that instantly surfaces anomalies, patterns, correlations, and root cause; and LLM observability, to track latency, errors, prompts, responses, usage, and costs for all major LLM services.

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•Elastic Security. Our security solution provides unified protection to prevent, detect, and respond to threats. Our Search AI-driven security analytics solution includes Security Information and Event Management (“SIEM”), with integrations to network, host, user, and cloud data sources. Elastic Security enables investigations, incident management, shareable analytics, and workflow automation through Security Orchestration, Automation, and Response (“SOAR”); and extended protection within SIEM with third party integrations and first party protections for both Endpoint Security (prevention, detection, and response); and Cloud Security (cloud posture assessment, vulnerability management, and cloud workload protection).

Our Deployment Options

Our platform and our solutions can be deployed in public or private clouds, in hybrid environments, or in multi-cloud environments, to satisfy various user and customer needs. Elastic Cloud, our family of cloud-based offerings (inclusive of both Elastic Cloud Hosted and Elastic Cloud Serverless), is hosted on major public cloud providers. We also partner with other cloud providers that offer our software to users on their cloud platform as a hosted offering.

Users can also download and manage their own deployments of our platform and our solutions. To help with more complex deployment scenarios, we offer paid proprietary products to deliver centralized provisioning, management, and monitoring across multiple deployments.

Strengths of our Products

The strengths of our products include the following:

•Speed. Our platform can find matches for search criteria in milliseconds within even the largest structured and unstructured datasets. Its schemaless structure and inverted indices enable real-time search of high volumes of structured, unstructured, and time series data.

•Scale. Our platform is a distributed system and can scale. It has the ability to subdivide search indices into multiple pieces called shards, which enables data volume to be scaled horizontally and operations to be distributed across hundreds of systems or more. A developer running hundreds of nodes has the same user experience as a developer running a single node on a laptop.

•Relevance. Our platform uses multiple analytical techniques, including both traditional and AI-powered relevance techniques, to determine the similarity between stored data and queries, generating highly relevant results reflecting a deep understanding of text and context. Its sophisticated yet developer-friendly query language permits advanced search and analytics. Additionally, the speed of our platform permits query iteration, further enhancing the relevance of search results.

•Ease of Use. Our platform is engineered to take a user from data to dashboard or inquiry to insight in minutes. It offers an easy getting-started experience, featuring streamlined download and deployment, sensible defaults, a simple and intuitive query language, and no need to define a schema up front. Administrative tasks such as securing the platform are intuitive and integrated into the user experience, as are investigative tasks such as data visualization.

•Flexibility. Our platform is able to ingest, filter, store, search, and analyze data in any form, whether structured or unstructured. These capabilities enable our platform to generate insights from a wide variety of data sources for a broad range of use cases. The flexibility of our platform also enables users to begin using our products along with their existing systems, which lowers barriers to adoption.

•Extensibility. Our platform can be used by developers as a foundation for addressing a wide variety of use cases. Our open approach to building our platform empowers developers to innovate and utilize it to fit their specific needs. Additionally, our developer community actively engages with us to improve and expand our platform.

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Our Growth Strategies

We pursue the following growth strategies:

•Extend our product leadership through continued investment in our technology. We continue to invest in our platform, solutions, and services to extend into new use cases, industries, geographies, and customers. We regularly deliver new and enhanced capabilities to our customers, such as the enhanced AI technology now integrated in our platform, through regular releases, to which everyone has access based on our subscription model. We continue to offer comprehensive Generative AI (“GAI”) capabilities in several key areas offering organizations tools and infrastructure to leverage GAI, including vector search capabilities, inference and retrieval APIs, embedding and relevance models, agentic workflows, data ingestion, data management, and domain-specific applications. We view our Search AI capabilities as a major competitive differentiator for our products and intend to continue to invest in additional features and functionality related to AI. We also recently released Elastic Cloud Serverless as an additional paid service offering for our customers. Our technology investments include foundational platform capabilities as well as solution enhancements for our target use cases.

•Increase product adoption by improving ease of use and growing our user community. With our engineering efforts focused on the user experience, we continue to develop software that makes our products easier to use and adopt for both developers and non-developers. We plan to continue to engage with developers globally to grow our user community through a wide range of touch points such as community meetups, global community groups, hackathons, our global events, our user conferences, which we call ElasticON, and engagement on our website, user forums, and code repositories.

•Expand our customer base by acquiring new customers. We engage our community and our partners to drive awareness and to invest in our sales and marketing team to grow our customer base. Through Elastic Cloud, we provide the fastest and easiest way to get started with a free trial. However, there is no free subscription tier in Elastic Cloud. Self-managed users can easily download our software directly from our website and access many features free of charge, which also facilitates adoption. We offer varied deployment options to cater to a wide range of customer use cases. Our sales and marketing team conducts campaigns to drive further awareness and adoption within the user community. As a result, many of our sales prospects, including those in executive-level conversations, are already familiar with our technology prior to entering into a commercial relationship with us. Additionally, we leverage our network of partners to drive awareness and expand our sales and marketing reach to target new customers.

•Expand within our existing customer base through new use cases and larger deployments. We continue to invest in helping users and customers be successful with our products. We view initial success with our products as a path to drive expansion to new use cases and projects and larger deployments within organizations. We often enter an organization through a single developer or a small team for an initial project or use case with an objective to quickly solve a technical challenge or business problem. Because of the rapid success with our products, knowledge of Elastic often spreads within an organization to new teams of developers, architects, IT operations personnel, security personnel, and senior executives, leading to more use cases for our products and solutions, and larger deployments at higher subscription tier levels.

•Increase usage of Elastic Cloud. As users and customers increasingly want to consume highly-scalable cloud solutions, we believe that Elastic Cloud continues to represent a significant growth opportunity. We plan to continue to invest resources in driving further innovation and increasing the adoption of Elastic Cloud. We recently launched a new Elastic Cloud Serverless offering that simplifies operational management of our platform, delivering easier onboarding and autoscaling across security, observability, and search solutions.

•Expand our strategic and regional partnerships. We continue to pursue partnerships to further the development of our platform and our customer reach. Our partners assist us in driving awareness of Elastic and our products, using our platform to address customer requirements, and extending our reach in geographic areas and verticals where we do not have a formal sales presence.

•Selectively pursue strategic acquisitions. We intend to continue to pursue acquisitions selectively. Since inception, we have selectively pursued strategic acquisitions to drive product and market expansion. The focus of our most recent acquisitions has been to enhance the technology underlying our Security and Observability offerings.

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Customers

Organizations of all sizes, across many industries, including enterprises, educational institutions and government entities, purchase our products for a variety of use cases. As of April 30, 2025, we had approximately 21,500 customers compared to approximately 21,000 and approximately 20,200 customers as of April 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. One customer, a channel partner, accounted for 12% of total revenue for the year ended April 30, 2025 and 11% of total revenue for the year ended April 30, 2024. No customer accounted for 10% or more of our total revenue for the year ended April 30, 2023.

Seasonality

We have experienced quarterly fluctuations and seasonality in our sales and results of operations based on our entry into agreements with new and existing customers, customer usage patterns for our consumption-based arrangements, and the mix between annual and monthly contracts entered into in each reporting period. Seasonality in our sales cycle generally reflects a trend toward the highest sales in our fourth fiscal quarter and lowest sales in our first fiscal quarter. We believe this seasonality might become more pronounced as we continue to target large enterprise customers.

Research and Development

We intend to continue to invest in our research and development capabilities to extend our products. Research and development expense totaled $365.8 million, $342.0 million, and $313.5 million for the years ended April 30, 2025, 2024, and 2023, respectively. We plan to continue to devote significant resources to research and development.

Our engineering organization focuses on enhancing existing products and developing new features that are easy to use and can be run in any environment, including in public or private clouds, in hybrid environments, or in multi-cloud environments. With a globally distributed engineering team, we are able to recruit, hire, and retain high-quality, experienced developers, technology leads, and product managers, and operate at a rapid pace to drive product releases, fix bugs, and create new product offerings.

Our software development process is based on iterative releases of our platform. We are organized in small functional teams with a high degree of autonomy and accountability. Our distributed and highly modular team structure and well-defined software development processes also allow us to successfully incorporate acquired technologies.

Sales and Marketing

We make it easy for users to begin using our products in order to drive rapid adoption. Users can either sign up for a free trial on Elastic Cloud or download our software directly from our website without any sales interaction, and immediately begin using the full set of features. Users can also sign up for Elastic Cloud through public cloud marketplaces.

With our business model, where users can download and use many of our features free of charge, our sales prospects are often already familiar with or using our platform. We conduct low-touch campaigns to keep users and customers engaged once they have begun using Elastic Cloud or have downloaded our software. This process includes providing high-quality content, documentation, webinars, videos, and blogs through our website. We also drive high-touch engagement with qualified prospects and customers to drive further awareness, adoption, and expansion of our products with paid subscriptions. The majority of our new customers use Elastic Cloud. Many of these customers start with limited initial spending on our products but can significantly increase their spending over time.

Our sales teams are organized primarily by geography and secondarily by customer segments. We rely on inside sales development representatives to qualify leads based on the likelihood they will result in a purchase. We pursue sales opportunities both through our direct sales force and with the assistance of our partners, including through cloud marketplaces. Our relationships within customer organizations often extend beyond the initial users of the technology and include technology and business decision-makers at various levels. We also engage with our customers on an ongoing basis through a customer success team, to ensure customer satisfaction and expand their use of our technology.

Partners

We maintain partner relationships that help us market and deliver our products to our customers and complement our community. Our partner relationships include the following:

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•Cloud providers. We work with many of the major cloud providers to increase awareness of our products and make it easy to access our software. We partner with Amazon, Google, and Microsoft to offer Elastic Cloud on AWS, GCP, and Microsoft Azure, respectively, through direct purchase from us or their respective marketplaces. We also partner with other cloud providers to offer our free and paid proprietary features to users on their cloud platforms.

•Systems integrators, channel partners, and referral partners. We have a global network of systems integrators, channel partners, and referral partner relationships that help deliver our products to business and government customers around the world.

•OEM and MSP partners. Our OEM and MSP partners embed an Elastic subscription into the products or services they offer to their customers. OEM and MSP partners are able to include Elastic’s proprietary features in their product, receive ongoing support from Elastic for product development, and receive support for end customer issues related to Elastic.

•Technology partners. Our technology partners collaborate with Elastic to create a standardized solution for end users that includes technology from both Elastic and the partner. Technology partners represent a deeper collaboration than community contributions and are distinct from distribution-oriented relationships like OEM and MSP partners.

•AI ecosystem. Our AI ecosystem provides customers with a curated, comprehensive set of AI technologies and tools integrated with the Elasticsearch vector database, designed to speed time-to-market, ROI delivery, and innovation. The Elastic AI Ecosystem includes integrations with Anthropic's Claude, Cohere, Confluent, Dataiku, DataRobot, Galileo, Hugging Face, LangChain, LlamaIndex, Mistral AI, NVIDIA, OpenAI, Protect AI, RedHat, Vectorize.io, and Unstructured, along with all of the major hyperscalers, consisting of Amazon Web Services (AWS), Google Cloud, and Microsoft.

Services

We offer consulting and training to assist customers in accelerating their success with our software. Our consulting team consists of engineers and architects who bring hands-on experience and deep technical knowledge to a project. Our training offerings enable our users to gain the skills necessary to develop, deploy, and manage our software.

Customer Support

We endeavor to make it easy for users to download, install, deploy, and use our platform and our solutions. Our user community enables users to engage in self-help and collaboration.

However, in many situations, such as those involving complex enterprise IT environments, large deployments, and novel use cases, our users require our support. Accordingly, we include support as part of the subscriptions we sell for our products. Our global support organization consists of engineers who provide technical support services including troubleshooting, technical audits, cluster tuning, and upgrade assistance. Our support team is globally distributed and provides coverage 24 hours per day, 365 days per year, across multiple languages.

We do not sell support independently and, as such, it is only available for customers who license one or more of our product offerings.

Our Technology

Our platform consists of our three solutions (Elasticsearch, Elastic Observability, and Elastic Security), and software that supports our various deployment alternatives. Because our solutions are built on top of a common platform, innovations and new capabilities in our platform may benefit many of our solutions. Our customers can customize and extend our solutions to fit their needs by leveraging the power of our platform and our developer capabilities.

Technology Features of Elastic’s Search AI Platform

Key features of our platform include the following:

•Storage of any type of data. Our platform combines powerful parts of traditional search engines, such as an inverted index to power fast full-text search and a column store for analytics, with native support for a wide range of data types, including text, dates, numbers, geospatial data, date/numeric ranges, and IP addresses. With sensible defaults, and no upfront schema definition necessary, our platform makes it easy to start with simple storage solutions and fine-tune them as datasets grow.

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•Vector database. Elasticsearch is the most downloaded, open source vector database, allowing users to create, store, and search vector embeddings at scale. By adding the ability to combine text and vector search for hybrid retrieval—and filtering, ranking, and re-ranking capabilities to deliver the most relevant results—we go beyond traditional vector databases. Elastic has the only platform with Better Binary Quantization to reduce the memory required without sacrificing accuracy, and provide native integrations to the leading AI providers.

•Retrieval Augmented Generation (“RAG”). Customers use Elasticsearch to build generative AI applications on private data. RAG enables them to ground LLMs on a specific corpus of data without needing to train or fine-tune models. Elasticsearch excels at producing the most relevant context for grounding LLMs using RAG, while also delivering enterprise-grade security based on document and field-level permissions that ensure data privacy and security. When using RAG with Elastic, customers also benefit from built-in tools and models that cover the entire RAG workflow from ingest and inference to retrieval and LLM integration, giving developers everything they need to build RAG-based applications.

•Machine learning, AI, and alerting. Machine learning capabilities such as anomaly detection, forecasting, and categorization are a tightly integrated part of our platform so as to automatically model the behavior of data, such as trends and periodicity, in real time, to identify issues faster, streamline root cause analysis, and reduce false positives. Without these capabilities, it can be very difficult to identify issues such as infrastructure problems or intruders in real time across complex, high-volume, fast-moving datasets. In the last few years, we have also added native support for vector search and model management for advanced machine learning models.

•Powerful query languages. The Elasticsearch query domain specific language is a flexible, expressive search language that exposes a rich set of query capabilities across any kind of data. From simple Boolean operators to custom relevance functions, users can articulate exactly what they are looking for and bring their own definition of relevance. The query language also includes a composable aggregation framework that enables users to summarize, disaggregate, and analyze structured or semi-structured datasets across multiple dimensions. Examples of these capabilities, all with a single search, include tracking the top ten users by expenditure level, looking at data week over week, analyzing data across geographies, and drilling down into details with specific filters.

•Developer centricity. Elasticsearch has consistent, well-documented application programming interfaces (“APIs”) that work the same way on one node during initial development as on a hundred nodes in production. Elasticsearch also ships with a number of language clients that provide a natural way to integrate with a variety of popular programming frameworks, reducing the learning curve, and leading to a shorter time to realizing value.

•High speed. Everything stored in Elasticsearch is indexed by default, so users do not need to decide in advance what queries they will want to run. Our architecture optimizes throughput, time-to-data availability, and query latency. Elasticsearch can index millions of events per second, and newly added data can be available for search nearly instantly.

•High scale and availability. Elasticsearch is designed to scale horizontally and be resilient to node or hardware failures. As nodes join a cluster, data is automatically re-balanced and queries and indexing are spread across the new nodes seamlessly. This makes it easy to add hardware to increase indexing throughput or improve query throughput. Elasticsearch also detects node failures and hardware or network issues and automatically protects user data by eliminating the failing or inaccessible nodes and creating new replicas of the data.

•Security. Security features give administrators the rights to grant specific levels of access to their various types of users, such as IT, operations, and application teams. Elasticsearch serves as the central authentication hub for our entire platform. Security features include encrypted communications and encryption-at-rest; role-based access control; single sign-on and authentication; field-level, attribute-level, and document-level security; and audit logging.

Kibana, our platform’s user interface, allows users to manage our platform and to visualize data. Additionally, the interfaces for many of our solutions (e.g., Elastic Observability and Elastic Security) are built into this interface. Key features of our user interface include the following:

•Exploration and visualization of stored data. Our platform’s user interface provides interactive data views, visualizations, and dashboards powered by structured filtering and unstructured search to enable users to get to answers more quickly. Diverse user needs are supported by a variety of data visualization types, such as simple line and bar charts, purpose-built geospatial and time series visualizations, tree diagrams, network diagrams, heatmaps, scatter plots, and histograms.

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•Incorporation of advanced analytics and machine learning from Elasticsearch. Our platform’s user interface query, filtering, and data summarization capabilities reflect Elasticsearch’s powerful query domain-specific language and aggregation framework while making it interactive.

•Management of the Search AI Platform. Our user interface illustrates the health of our platform’s various components and provides timely alerts to notify administrators of any problems. Its central management user interfaces make it easier to operate our platform at scale.

•Home for solutions. Our user interface is where our users and customers access our three solutions: Elasticsearch, Elastic Observability, and Elastic Security. It provides core services, like security, alerting, and data visualization components, which make it easy for users to discover all of the capabilities our platform and solutions provide.

•Application framework. Our user interface is designed to be extensible. Users interested in a highly specialized visualization type not distributed by default can customize experiences and make these customizations available to the community. Dozens of customizations have been shared by the community via Elastic documentation and code sharing platforms such as GitHub.

Technology Features of our Solutions

Our solutions are designed to minimize time-to-value and deployment costs of using our platform for common use cases. The functionality of our solutions often includes specialized data collection, through standardized APIs or custom agents, and custom user interfaces for specific data analytics, visualizations, workflows, and actions.

Elasticsearch gives users the tools to improve customer search experiences quickly and scale them seamlessly.

•Search applications. Customers can bring the focused power of our platform to their company website, ecommerce site, or applications with sophisticated retrieval algorithms and the ability to integrate with large language models. Elastic delivers seamless scalability, tunable relevance controls, thorough documentation, well-maintained clients, a refined set of APIs, intuitive dashboards, and robust analytics to build a leading search experience. Customers can build rich applications directly on top of Elasticsearch, or they can use our Application Search framework to rapidly build and customize search applications.

•Workplace search. Customers can deploy internal workplace search to bring modern search to collaborative decisions and experiences. Elastic seamlessly connects to some of the world’s most widely adopted productivity tools, customer relationship management platforms, cloud storage platforms, collaboration tools, operation management platforms, and content management systems. Custom sources provide a set of APIs that let customers and users ingest any type of content from even more sources while preserving access control information.

Elastic Observability monitors the IT ecosystem of applications, services, and infrastructure to deliver actionable insights into performance and availability.

•Log analytics. Index, search, and analyze structured and unstructured logs at large scale to monitor the health and performance of an organization’s services, infrastructure, and applications. Users can analyze and visualize information extracted from logs to understand system behavior and trends to optimize performance and preemptively address potential issues. By querying logs in ad hoc ways, users can triage, troubleshoot, and resolve performance issues.

•Infrastructure monitoring. With 400+ out-of-the-box integrations and automatic import, users gain visibility across cloud, Kubernetes, serverless, on-premises, and hosts. Intuitive visualizations and quick analysis supported by out-of-the-box machine learning and preconfigured dashboards allow users to troubleshoot faster, as well as measure performance targets for services such as availability, latency, traffic, and errors using Service Level Objectives (“SLO”).

•APM. OpenTelemetry-based APM delivers insights into application performance at the code level. Users can instrument apps and see the lifecycle of a transaction across services from front end to back end. This can give developers confidence in the code they ship, and can give operational teams visibility into code-level errors and performance bottlenecks to accelerate root cause analysis and resolution during an investigation.

•Digital experience monitoring. Customers and users can identify problem areas and improve the overall experiences of their end users as they navigate their digital assets. With synthetic monitoring, customers can track and monitor the availability of the hosts, websites, services, and application endpoints that support business operations. Through proactive monitoring with synthetic monitoring and RUM, customers can detect troublesome components before they are reported by end users.

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•AIOps. Always-on machine learning analysis instantly surfaces anomalies, patterns, correlations, and root causes. AI Assistant and advanced machine learning enable interactive natural language chat experience that integrates with enterprise knowledge bases to quickly resolve issues.

•LLM observability. LLM observability tracks costs, latency, errors, and dependencies of LLMs while ensuring safety and reliability.

Elastic Security delivers unified protection to prevent, detect, and respond to a variety of threats across the IT ecosystem.

•SIEM. Elastic delivers fast, scalable detection and investigation across cloud, network, endpoint, user, and third-party data. Security data is normalized using Elastic Common Schema (“ECS”) and enriched to provide relevant context for analysis. Analysts can search across all data, pivot during investigations, and review activity using timeline views and built-in case tracking. AI-assisted features help identify related alerts and prioritize what matters most. The platform is open and accessible, giving teams full control over their data and the flexibility to adapt detections and workflows. Built-in SOAR capabilities streamline response by automating alert forwarding, case creation, and workflow integrations with external tools, reducing manual effort without switching platforms.

•Endpoint security. Elastic Security includes endpoint detection and response capabilities integrated directly into the SIEM. These capabilities detect and block ransomware, fileless attacks, and hands-on-keyboard activity—even on isolated hosts. Endpoint data, whether native or from third-party tools, can be analyzed alongside other telemetry to provide context and trigger automated response actions across systems.

•XDR. Elastic delivers XDR capabilities by correlating data across endpoints, cloud, network, and user activity, all within the SIEM. Prebuilt rules, machine learning jobs, and AI-driven analytics help detect multi-stage attacks that cross domains. By analyzing native and third-party telemetry together in one interface, Elastic reduces investigation time and eliminates context switching.

•Cloud security. Elastic provides cloud detection and response capabilities directly within the SIEM, giving security teams visibility into activity across multi-cloud environments. It combines cloud workload monitoring with posture and vulnerability context. Native telemetry from cloud providers and findings from third-party CSPM tools can be ingested and analyzed together, helping teams connect misconfigurations to real-time threats. This unified view across accounts and providers reduces blind spots and speeds up response to risks in modern cloud environments.

Community

Elastic has always been committed to an open development process with transparent and direct engagement with our community. Our team extends beyond our employee base and includes all the users who download our software. Our users interact with us on our website forums and on X (formerly known as Twitter), GitHub, Stack Overflow, Quora, Facebook, and other platforms.

To build products that best meet our users’ needs, we focus on, and invest in, building a strong community. Each download of our platform is a new opportunity to educate our next contributor, hear about a new use case, explore the need for a new feature, or meet a future member of the team. Community is core to our identity, binding our products closely together with our users. Community gives us the ability to get their candid feedback, creating a direct line of communication between our users and the builders of our products across all of our features—including both free and paid capabilities—and enabling us to make our products simpler and better.

The Elastic community has a code of conduct that covers the behaviors of the Elastic community in any forum, mailing list, wiki, website, code repository, Slack channel, private correspondence, or public meeting. It is designed to ensure that the Elastic community is a space where members and users can freely and openly communicate, collaborate, and contribute both ideas and code. This Elastic community code of conduct also covers our community ground rules: be considerate, be patient, be respectful, be nice, communicate effectively, and ask for help when unsure.

Competition

Our market is highly competitive, quickly evolving, fragmented, and subject to rapid changes in technology, shifting customer needs, and frequent introductions of new offerings. Our principal competitors include:

•For Elasticsearch and other platform use cases: offerings such as Apache Solr (open source offering), Lucidworks Fusion, and MongoDB Atlas, and search tools including Algolia, Coveo, Google, Pinecone, and Microsoft Azure Cognitive Search.

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•For Elastic Observability: software vendors with specific observability solutions, such as AppDynamics (owned by Cisco Systems), Datadog, Dynatrace, New Relic, and Splunk (owned by Cisco Systems).

•For Elastic Security: security vendors such as Azure Sentinel (by Microsoft), CrowdStrike, Google SecOps, Palo Alto Networks. and Splunk (owned by Cisco Systems).

•Certain cloud hosting providers and managed service providers, including AWS, which offer products or services based on a forked version of our platform. These offerings are not supported by Elastic and come without any of Elastic’s proprietary features, whether free or paid.

The principal competitive factors for companies in our industry are:

•product capabilities, including speed, scale, and relevance, with which to power search AI experiences;

•an extensible product “stack” that enables developers to build a wide variety of solutions;

•powerful and flexible technology that can manage a broad variety and large volume of data;

•ease of deployment and ease of use;

•ability to address a variety of evolving customer needs and use cases;

•strength and execution of sales and marketing strategies;

•flexible deployment model across public or private clouds, hybrid environments, or multi-cloud environments;

•productized solutions engineered to be rapidly adopted to address specific applications;

•mindshare with developers and IT and security executives;

•adoption of products by many types of users and decision makers (including developers, architects, DevOps personnel, IT professionals, security analysts, and departmental and organizational leaders);

•enterprise-grade technology that is secure and reliable;

•size of customer base and level of user adoption;

•quality of training, consulting, and customer support;

•brand awareness and reputation; and

•low total cost of ownership.

We believe that we compare favorably to our competitors on the basis of the factors listed above. However, compared to us, many of our competitors have substantially greater financial, technical and other resources, greater brand recognition, larger sales forces and marketing budgets, broader distribution networks and presence, more established relationships with current or potential customers and partners, more diverse product and services offerings, and larger and more mature intellectual property portfolios. Our competitors may be able to leverage these resources to gain business in a manner that discourages customers from purchasing our offerings.

We expect that our industry will continue to attract new companies, including smaller emerging companies, which could introduce new offerings. We may also expand into new markets and encounter additional competitors in such markets.

While our products and solutions have various competitors across different use cases, such as search applications and workplace search, logging, metrics, APM, business analytics and security analytics, we believe that few competitors currently have the capabilities to address our entire range of use cases. We believe our industry requires constant change and innovation, and we plan to continue to evolve search as a foundational technology to solve the problems of today and new emerging problems in the future.

Intellectual Property

We rely on a combination of patents, patent applications, registered and unregistered trademarks, copyrights, trade secrets, license agreements, confidentiality procedures, non-disclosure agreements with third parties, and other contractual measures to safeguard our core technology and other intellectual property assets. In addition, we maintain a policy requiring our employees, contractors, and consultants to enter into confidentiality and invention assignment agreements. As of April 30, 2025, we had a number of active patents, issued in both the United States and outside of the United States, with expirations ranging from 2031 to 2042. In addition, as of April 30, 2025, we had numerous U.S. and international trademark registrations.

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The laws, procedures and restrictions on which we rely may provide only limited protection, and any of our intellectual property rights may be challenged, invalidated, circumvented, infringed or misappropriated. In addition, the laws of certain countries do not protect proprietary rights to the same extent as the laws of the United States or other jurisdictions, and we therefore may be unable to protect our proprietary technology in certain jurisdictions.

In addition, our technology incorporates software components licensed to the general public under open source software licenses such as the Apache Software License Version 2.0 (“Apache 2.0”) and other permissive licenses. We obtain many components from software developed and released by contributors for independent open source components of our technology. Open source licenses grant licensees broad permissions to use, copy, modify and redistribute our platform. As a result, open source development and licensing practices can limit the value of our software copyright assets.

For additional information about risks relating to our intellectual property, see the section titled “Risk Factors—Risks Related to our Business and Industry” in Item 1A of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Human Capital Management

We believe that our employees (whom we call “Elasticians”) and our culture are vital to Elastic’s long-term success. We support both with human capital management efforts focused on:

•Attracting, engaging and retaining a talented employee base that values different perspectives, experiences, and backgrounds

•Facilitating strong employee engagement

•Promoting continuous employee learning and development

•Providing a comprehensive total rewards package that seeks to offer fair and consistent pay practices with an emphasis on employee well-being

Our management regularly updates our board of directors and its committees on human capital trends and employee-focused activities and initiatives.

As of April 30, 2025, we had a total of 3,537 employees in over 40 countries globally. None of our U.S. employees are represented by a labor union. In certain countries, we have works councils or follow statutory requirements for employee representation through industry-wide collective bargaining agreements.

Distributed Workforce

Elastic originated as a distributed company and continues to be distributed by design. We have built our processes, systems, and teams so that employees can generally perform their jobs without needing to be physically present in the same room—or even in the same time zone—as their colleagues. Just as distributed systems are more resilient, we believe that a distributed workforce helps build a strong company that can scale and adapt as new challenges arise. Our distributed model also expands our reach, broadening our ability to attract talent across regions.

Culture and Values

At the core of our culture is our “Source Code”—a shared set of ideas that guide our approach to business with an emphasis on delivering value for our customers while providing flexibility and balance for our employees, empowering them to be their whole, creative selves.

We endeavor to be an employer of choice and strive to sustain a sense of inclusion and belonging among all employees with programs designed to foster community and an appreciation for the unique experiences and perspectives represented across Elasticians globally. We are committed to ensuring that our employees have a voice and the opportunity to share their ideas and insights. We formally seek employee feedback through regular employee experience surveys, and the results of these surveys are reviewed at the company, functional, team, and manager level.

We support the continuous learning and development of all Elasticians through programs that develop skills for individual contributors, leaders of others, and leaders of the business. We deliver learning and development both through on-demand virtual learning and programs for specific teams or groups of emerging leaders. To promote and reinforce our high standards of ethics and integrity throughout the entire company, we require all employees to acknowledge their compliance with our Code of Business Conduct and Ethics and complete mandatory training on this code, and on whistleblowing, anti-harassment, discrimination, anti-retaliation, and other key policies and standards.

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Total Rewards

We aim to provide all our employees with a total rewards package that is market-competitive, emphasizing global consistency and local relevance. We are committed to fair pay without regard to gender, race, or ethnicity. We partner with an external firm to conduct pay equity analysis on a regular basis using established job groupings and control factors to promote appropriate comparisons. We provide benefit programs designed to enable employees to meet their well-being goals, from starting a family to being at their physical and emotional best.

Through our Elastic Cares program, our employees can support the charitable organizations that matter most to them on a local and global level. This program encompasses donation matching, our nonprofit organization program which provides our technology for free to certain nonprofit organizations, and our volunteer time-off initiative.

Government Regulations

Our worldwide business activities are subject to various laws, rules, and regulations of the United States as well as of foreign governments. Our compliance with existing or future governmental regulations, including, but not limited to, those pertaining to global trade, business acquisitions, consumer and data protection, and taxes, could have material impacts on our business. See Item “1A. Risk Factors” of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for a discussion of these potential impacts.

Corporate Information

We are a distributed company, which means our workforce is distributed globally. Accordingly, we do not have a principal executive office. We are registered with the trade register of the Dutch Chamber of Commerce under number 54655870. Our registered office is at Keizersgracht 281, 1016 ED Amsterdam, the Netherlands.

Our ordinary shares are listed on the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) under the trading symbol “ESTC.”

Available Information

Our website address is www.elastic.co. Information contained on, or that can be accessed through, our website does not constitute part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K and references to our website address in this Annual Report on Form 10-K are inactive textual references only.

We announce material information to the public about us, our products and services, and other matters through a variety of means, including filings with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), press releases, public conference calls, our website (www.elastic.co), the investor relations section of our website (https://ir.elastic.co), our blog (www.elastic.co/blog), and/or social media, including our account on X (https://x.com/elastic), our Facebook page (www.facebook.com/elastic.co), and/or LinkedIn account (www.linkedin.com/company/elastic-co) to achieve broad, non-exclusionary distribution of information to the public. We encourage investors and others to review the information we make public in these locations, as such information could be deemed to be material information. This list may be updated from time to time.

We make available, free of charge through our website, our Annual Report on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K, and all amendments to these reports as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file such material with, or furnish it to, the SEC.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

A description of the risks and uncertainties associated with our business, industry and ownership of our ordinary shares is set forth below. The risks and uncertainties described below are not the only ones we face. Additional risks and uncertainties that we are unaware of, or that we currently believe are not material, may also become important factors that could adversely affect our business, financial condition, operating results and prospects.

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Risks Related to our Business and Industry

Our business and operations have experienced rapid growth, and if we do not appropriately manage our future growth or are unable to improve our systems and processes, our business, financial condition, results of operations, and prospects may be adversely affected.

We have experienced rapid growth and increased demand for our offerings. The growth and expansion of our business and offerings place a significant strain on our management, operational, and financial resources. In addition, as customers adopt our technology for an increasing number of use cases, we have had to support more complex commercial relationships. We may not be able to leverage, develop and retain qualified employees effectively enough to realize our growth plans. Any failure by us to continue to improve our information technology and financial infrastructure, our operating and administrative systems, our relationships with our partners and other third parties, and our ability to manage headcount and processes in an efficient manner could result in increased costs, negatively affect our customers’ satisfaction with our offerings, and harm our results of operations.

We have a history of losses and may not be able to achieve profitability on a consistent basis.

We incurred net losses of $108.1 million and $236.2 million for the years ended April 30, 2025 and 2023, respectively, and have incurred losses in all but one of our prior fiscal years since our inception. As a result, we had an accumulated deficit of $1.100 billion as of April 30, 2025. Although we had net income of $61.7 million for the year ended April 30, 2024, we may incur net losses in future years. Our operating expenses will continue to increase substantially in the foreseeable future as we continue to enhance our offerings, broaden our customer base and pursue larger transactions, expand our sales and marketing activities and other operations, hire additional employees, and continue to develop our technology. These efforts may prove more expensive than we currently expect, and we may not succeed in increasing our revenue sufficiently, or at all, to offset these higher expenses. Revenue growth may slow or revenue may decline because of slowing demand for our offerings, increasing competition, economic downturns, or other factors, including as a result of rising rates of inflation and other macroeconomic events. You should not consider our revenue growth in prior periods as indicative of our future performance. Any failure by us to continue to increase our revenue and grow our business could prevent us from achieving profitability at all or on a consistent basis.

Unfavorable or uncertain conditions in our industry or the global economy or reductions in information technology spending, including as a result of adverse macroeconomic conditions, international trade policies, or geopolitical conflicts, could limit our ability to grow our business and negatively affect our results of operations.

Our results of operations may vary based on the impact of changes in our industry or the global economy on us or our customers. Current, future, or sustained economic uncertainties or downturns, whether actual or perceived, could adversely affect our business and results of operations. Negative conditions in the general economy both in the United States and in international markets, including conditions resulting from changes in gross domestic product growth, financial and credit market fluctuations, international trade policies, changes in inflation, foreign exchange and interest rate environments, recessionary fears, supply chain constraints, energy costs, political instability and conflict, natural catastrophes, warfare, infectious diseases and terrorist attacks, could cause a decrease in business investments by our customers and potential customers, including spending on information technology, and negatively affect the growth of our business. For example, inflation rates recently reached levels not seen in decades and have continued to create economic volatility as governments adjust interest rates in an attempt to manage the inflationary environment, which may further lead to our customers tightening their technology expenditures and investment. Further, the evolving conflicts in the Middle East and Russia’s war with Ukraine could continue to have significant negative macroeconomic consequences, including on the businesses of our customers, which could negatively impact their spending on our offerings.

Heightened global economic uncertainty and changes in economic conditions, including in international trade relations, legislation and regulations (including those related to trade policies, and taxation), enforcement priorities, or economic and monetary policies, could result in heightened diplomatic tensions or political and civil unrest, among other potential impacts, may have an adverse effect on the global economy as a whole and on our business, or may require us, our customers, and other stakeholders to significantly modify current business practices. Any further disruptions or other adverse developments, or concerns or rumors about any such events or similar risks, in the financial services industry, both in the United States and in international markets, may lead to market-wide liquidity problems and may impact our or our customers’ liquidity and, as a result, negatively affect the level of customer spending on our offerings.

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As a result of the foregoing conditions, our revenue may be disproportionately affected by longer and more unpredictable sales cycles, delays or reductions in customer consumption or in general information technology spending, and further impacts of changing foreign exchange rates. Further, current and potential customers may choose to develop in-house software as an alternative to using our paid products. These factors could increase the amount of customer attrition we have experienced recently and further slow consumption and overall customer expenditure. Moreover, competitors may respond to market conditions by lowering prices. If the economic conditions of the general economy or markets in which we operate do not improve, or worsen from present levels, our business, results of operations, and financial condition could be adversely affected.

We may not be successful in our artificial intelligence initiatives, which could adversely affect our business, reputation, or financial results.

AI presents new risks and challenges that may affect our business. We have made, and expect to continue to make, continued investments to integrate AI and machine learning technology into our offerings, including increasing our technical operations and engineering in these applications. Rapid technological progress in the industry regarding new and emerging AI technologies, such as generative AI, may require additional investment in the development, integration, and maintenance of our product offerings, as well as the development of appropriate technical protections and safeguards to maintain a responsible and ethical AI framework. These requirements may add costs and could increase our expenses as we continue to expand the breadth of use and applications of AI technologies, including generative AI, further into our product offerings, or to address changes to AI technologies, frameworks, or regulations. In addition, we may incur substantial costs in our sales and marketing efforts to promote and sell our offerings based on AI technologies, including costs for branding, product promotion, and demand generation, as well as for technical training, training material generation, and investments in resources for our sales personnel and partners. Despite such investments in building our product offerings and in sales and marketing, our product offerings may not be adopted by customers. We may not achieve significant revenue directly related to all of our AI-related initiatives for several years, if at all.

Further, AI presents risks, challenges, and unintended consequences that could affect our ability to continue to incorporate the use of AI successfully in our business and solutions in new ways. Further, given the complex nature of AI technology, we face an evolving regulatory landscape and significant competition from other companies. Competitors may incorporate AI into their products more quickly or more successfully than we do, which could impair our ability to compete effectively and adversely affect our financial results. Data practices by us or others that result in controversy could also impair the acceptance of AI solutions, which could undermine confidence in the decisions, predictions, analysis, or other content that our AI-related initiatives produce. Any of the foregoing could adversely affect our business, reputation, or financial results.

Ethical and regulatory issues relating to the use of AI and similar evolving technologies in our offerings may result in new or enhanced governmental or regulatory scrutiny, reputational harm, damage to our competitive position, and liability.

We view our continued investment in AI and generative AI research and development as an opportunity to enhance our products and services, strengthen our competitive advantage, and contribute to the responsible advancement of AI and generative AI technology. While we aim to do so in a responsible manner, the use of AI and generative AI in our products and services presents ethical and legal risks to our business, financial condition, and results of operations. If our use of AI becomes controversial, we may experience loss of user trust, as well as brand or reputational harm, competitive injury, or legal liability. The use of AI technologies also could expose us to an increased risk of cybersecurity threats and incidents and claims or other adverse effects from infringements or violations of intellectual property or other regulated activity. Our use of such technologies could increase the risk of exposure of our or other parties’ proprietary confidential information, or other confidential or sensitive information, to unauthorized recipients, including inadvertent disclosure of confidential or sensitive information into publicly available third-party training sets. Such risks related to the use of AI could, whether directly or indirectly, harm our results of operations, competitive position and business.

AI is the subject of evolving review by various domestic and international governmental and regulatory agencies, including the SEC and the Federal Trade Commission (“FTC”), and laws, rules, directives, and regulations governing the use of AI, such as the EU Artificial Intelligence Act, are changing and evolving rapidly. We may not always be able to anticipate how to respond to these legal frameworks for AI use and we may have to expend resources to adjust or audit our products and services in certain jurisdictions, especially if the legal frameworks are not consistent across jurisdictions. Any failure or perceived failure by us to comply with laws, rules, directives, and regulations governing the use of AI could have an adverse impact on our business.

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If we experience a security incident, or unauthorized access to or other unauthorized processing of confidential information, including personal data, otherwise occurs, our software may be perceived as not being secure, customers may reduce the use of or stop using our products, and we may incur significant liabilities.

In the normal course of our business, we receive, collect, manage, store, transmit and otherwise process large amounts of proprietary information and confidential data, including personal data and other sensitive information, relating to our operations, products, customers, and business partners. Any cybersecurity incident affecting our networks, systems or those on which we rely could result in our loss of confidential information, including personal data, disruption to our operations, significant remediation costs, lost revenue, increased insurance premiums, damage to our reputation, litigation, regulatory investigations, fines, or other liabilities. We face sophisticated and evolving cyber threats from individual hackers, criminal groups, and state-sponsored organizations, as well as risks that employees, contractors or other insiders, particularly those with connectivity to our systems, may introduce vulnerabilities into our environments, facilitate a cyber attack, or take action to misappropriate our intellectual property and proprietary information.

As a provider of security solutions, we provide security services to many entities that are frequently and intensively targeted by some cyber threat actions, such as U.S. government agencies, defense contractors, and non-U.S. governments. Our work protecting these entities increases the likelihood that we may be targeted by nation-state actors, including those from countries with a history of conducting cyber operations against such organizations. We have been and may continue to be specifically targeted by threat actors for attacks intended to circumvent our security capabilities as an entry point into customers’ endpoints, networks, or systems. Our industry continues to see a large volume of unauthorized scans of systems searching for vulnerabilities or misconfigurations to exploit. Attempted cyber attacks of our systems can deploy such malicious techniques, among others, as phishing, ransomware, credential stuffing, distributed denial of service, network intrusions, malware, domain name system spoofing, exploitation of zero-day vulnerabilities, and structural query language injection. While our security systems and controls have successfully protected us against, and mitigated the impacts of, many past attacks of this nature, we expect that we will experience similar incidents in the future.

If our security measures are compromised, we may face a loss in intellectual property protection, our data, or our customers’ data, and our reputation may be damaged, our business may suffer, and we could be subject to claims, demands, regulatory investigations, and other proceedings and indemnity obligations and otherwise incur significant liability. Even the perception of inadequate security or an inability to maintain security certifications, maintain a security program in line with industry standards, or to comply with our customer or user agreements, contracts with third-party vendors or service providers, or other contracts may damage our reputation, cause a loss of confidence in our security solutions and negatively affect our ability to win new customers and retain existing customers. Further, we could be required to expend significant capital and other resources to address any security incident, and we may face difficulties or delays in identifying and responding to any cybersecurity incident. If our systems or networks or those on which we rely suffer severe damage, disruption, or shutdown and our business continuity plans do not effectively resolve the issues in a timely manner, we could experience delays in reporting our financial results, and we may lose revenue and profits as a result of our inability to timely produce, distribute, invoice and collect payments for our products and services.

In addition, many of our customers may use our software for processing their confidential information, including business strategies, financial and operational data, personal information and other related data. As a result, unauthorized access to or use of our software or such data could result in the loss, compromise, corruption or destruction of our customers’ confidential information. Such access or use could also hinder our ability to obtain and maintain information security certifications that support customers’ adoption of our products and our retention of those customers. We expect to continue incurring significant costs in connection with our implementation of administrative, technical, and physical measures designed to protect the integrity of our customers’ data and prevent data loss, misappropriation, and other security incidents.

We engage third-party vendors and service providers to store and otherwise process some of our and our customers’ data, including sensitive and personal information. There have been and may continue to be significant supply chain attacks generally, and our third-party vendors and service providers may be targeted or affected by such attacks and other efforts to exploit cybersecurity vulnerabilities. Our ability to monitor our third-party vendors and service providers’ data security is limited. Threat actors may be able to circumvent those security measures and gain unauthorized access to, or cause misuse, disclosure, loss, destruction, or other unauthorized processing of, our and our customers’ data, including sensitive and personal information. Further, threat actors may attempt to deploy malicious code to users of the open source libraries leveraged by our products, which could negatively affect us and those users.

Techniques used to sabotage or obtain unauthorized access to systems or networks are constantly evolving and, in some instances, are not identified until launched against a target. We and our third-party vendors and service providers may be unable to anticipate these techniques, react to them in a timely manner, or implement adequate preventative measures. Because of the complexity and interconnectedness of our systems and networks and those on which we rely, the process of upgrading or patching our protective measures could itself create a risk of cybersecurity intrusions or system disruptions, including for customers who rely upon, or have exposure to, such systems and networks.

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Limitations of liability provisions in our customer and user agreements, contracts with third-party vendors and service providers or other contracts may not be enforceable or adequate to protect us from any liabilities or damages with respect to any particular claim relating to a security incident. We are subject to risks that our existing insurance coverage may not continue to be available on acceptable terms or available in sufficient amounts to cover claims related to a cybersecurity incident, or that the insurer may deny coverage as to any future claim. The successful assertion of claims against us that exceed available insurance coverage, or the occurrence of changes in our insurance policies, including premium increases or the imposition of large deductible or co-insurance requirements, could adversely affect our business.

If our existing customers do not renew their subscriptions, our business and results of operations may be adversely affected.

We derive a significant portion of our revenue from renewals of existing subscriptions, although our customers may choose not to renew their subscriptions upon completion of the contract term. Our subscriptions for self-managed deployments typically range from one to three years, while many of our Elastic Cloud customers purchase subscriptions either on a month-to-month basis or on a committed contract of generally one to three years in duration.

Decisions by our customers concerning whether to renew their contracts depend on a number of factors, including their budgets, their satisfaction with our products and our customer support, our products’ ability to integrate with new and changing technologies, the frequency and severity of product outages, our product uptime or latency, and the pricing of our products or competing products. If our customers renew their subscriptions, they may renew for shorter subscription terms or on other terms that are less financially advantageous to us. If our existing customers do not renew their subscriptions, or renew on less favorable terms, our revenue may grow more slowly than expected or decline.

Our revenue growth rate may decline or even become negative if we are unable to increase sales of our subscriptions to new customers, sell additional subscriptions to our existing customers, or expand the value of our existing customers’ subscriptions.

We offer certain features of our products with no payment required. Customers purchase subscriptions to gain access to additional functionality and support. Our future success depends on our ability to sell our subscriptions to new customers, including to large enterprises, and to expand the deployment of our offerings with existing customers by selling paid subscriptions to our existing users and expanding the value and number of existing customers’ subscriptions. Our ability to sell new subscriptions depends on a number of factors, including the prices of our offerings, the prices of products offered by our competitors, and the budgets of our customers. We also face difficulty in displacing the products of incumbent competitors. In addition, a significant aspect of our sales and marketing focus is to expand deployments within existing customers. The rate at which our existing customers purchase additional subscriptions and expand the value of existing subscriptions depends upon customers’ level of satisfaction with our offerings, the nature and size of the deployments, the desire to address additional use cases, the perceived need for additional features, and general economic conditions. If our existing customers do not purchase additional subscriptions or expand the value of their subscriptions, our Net Expansion Rate may decline. We rely in large part on our customers to identify new use cases for our products in order to expand such deployments and grow our business. If our customers do not recognize the potential of our offerings, our business would be materially and adversely affected. If our efforts to sell subscriptions to new customers and to expand deployments with existing customers are not successful, our total revenue may decline and revenue growth rate may decline or even become negative, and our business could suffer.

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Our ability to grow our business may suffer if we are unable to expand adoption of or realize expected return on investments in our Elastic Cloud offerings.

We believe that we must offer cloud-based products to address the market segment that prefers a cloud-based solution, and that our future success will depend significantly on the growth in adoption of Elastic Cloud, our family of cloud-based offerings. For the years ended April 30, 2025, 2024, and 2023, Elastic Cloud contributed 46%, 43%, and 40% of our total revenue, respectively. As the use of cloud-based computing solutions is rapidly evolving, it is difficult to predict the potential growth, if any, of general market adoption, customer adoption, and retention rates of our cloud-based offerings. We have incurred and will continue to incur substantial costs to develop, sell and support our Elastic Cloud offerings. We have entered into non-cancelable multi-year cloud hosting capacity commitments with some third-party cloud providers, which require us to pay for such capacity irrespective of actual usage. Further, as our cloud offering makes up an increasing percentage of our total revenue, we expect to see increased associated cloud-related costs, such as hosting and infrastructure costs, which may adversely impact our gross margins. Demand for these offerings could decrease for reasons within or outside of our control, including, among other factors, lack of customer acceptance, technological challenges with bringing cloud offerings to market and maintaining those offerings, information security, data protection, or privacy concerns, our inability to properly manage and support our cloud-based offerings, competing technologies and products, weakening economic conditions, and decreases in corporate spending. If we are not able to develop, market, or deliver cloud-based offerings that satisfy customer requirements technically or commercially, if our investments in cloud-based offerings do not yield the expected return, or if we are unable to decrease the cost of providing our cloud-based offerings, our business, competitive position, financial condition, and results of operations may be harmed.

Our operating results are likely to fluctuate from quarter to quarter, and our financial results in any one quarter should not be relied upon as indicative of future performance.

Our results of operations, including our revenue, cost of revenue, gross margin, operating expenses, cash flows and deferred revenue, have fluctuated from quarter to quarter in the past and may continue to vary significantly in the future so that period-to-period comparisons of our results of operations may not be meaningful. These variations may be further impacted as more of our Elastic Cloud customers adopt consumption-based arrangements or as Elastic Cloud customers already on consumption-based arrangements adjust their usage in response to the current macroeconomic environment. These variations may also be impacted by internal reorganizations, including reassignment of personnel to new roles or to new sales territories. Accordingly, our financial results in any one quarter should not be relied upon as indicative of future performance. Our quarterly financial results may fluctuate as a result of a variety of factors, many of which are outside of our control, may be difficult to predict, and may or may not fully reflect the underlying performance of our business. Factors that may cause fluctuations in our quarterly financial results include the risks and uncertainties described in this “Risk Factors” section and elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Fluctuations in our results could cause us to fail to meet the expectations of investors or securities analysts, which could cause the trading price of our ordinary shares to fall substantially and result in costly lawsuits, including securities class action suits against us, which could have an adverse effect on our business.

Seasonality in our sales cycle causes fluctuations in our results of operations.

Historically, we have experienced quarterly fluctuations and seasonality in our sales and results of operations based on the timing of our entry into agreements with new and existing customers, customer usage patterns for our consumption-based arrangements, and the mix between annual and monthly contracts entered into each reporting period. Trends in our business, financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows are impacted by seasonality in our sales cycle, which generally reflects a trend toward the highest sales in our fourth fiscal quarter and the lowest sales in our first fiscal quarter. We expect that this seasonality will continue to affect our results of operations in the future, and might become more pronounced as we continue to target larger enterprise customers.

We do not have an adequate history with our consumption-based arrangements for our Elastic Cloud offerings to accurately predict the long-term rate of customer adoption or renewal, or the impact those arrangements will have on our near-term or long-term revenue or operating results.

Because we recognize revenue under a consumption-based arrangement based on actual customer consumption, we do not have the same ability to predict the timing of revenue recognition as we do under subscription arrangements in which revenue is recognized on a predetermined schedule over the subscription term. Moreover, customers may consume our products at a different pace than we expect. For example, we have experienced and, if adverse economic conditions persist, may continue to experience slowing consumption as customers look to optimize their usage. Additionally, we have seen and may continue to see newer customers increase their consumption of our solutions at a slower pace than our more tenured customers. For these reasons, our revenue may be less predictable or more variable than our historical revenue, and our actual results may differ materially from our forecasts.

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If we are not able to maintain and enhance our brand, especially among developers and executives with budgetary control, our ability to expand our customer base will be impaired and our business and operating results may be adversely affected.

We believe that developing and maintaining widespread awareness of our brand, especially with developers and executives with budgetary control within their organizations, is critical to achieving widespread acceptance of our software and attracting new users and customers. We also believe that the importance of brand recognition will increase as competition in our market increases. Successfully maintaining and enhancing our brand will depend largely on the effectiveness of our marketing efforts, our ability to maintain our customers’ trust, our ability to continue to develop new functionality and use cases, and our ability to successfully differentiate our products and platform capability from competitive products. Brand promotion activities may not generate user or customer awareness or increase revenue. Even if they do increase revenue, any such increase may not offset the expenses we incur in building our brand. For instance, our continued focus and investment in our ElasticON user conferences and similar investments in our brand, user engagement, and customer engagement may not generate the desired customer awareness or a sufficient financial return. If we fail to successfully promote and maintain our brand, we may fail to attract or retain users and customers necessary to achieve the widespread brand awareness that is critical for broad customer adoption of our products, which would adversely affect our business and results of operations.

We may not be able to compete successfully against current and future competitors.

The market for our products is highly competitive, quickly evolving, fragmented, and subject to rapid changes in technology, shifting customer needs, and frequent introductions of new offerings. We believe that our ability to compete depends upon many factors, some of which are beyond our control.

Some of our current and potential competitors have longer operating histories, significantly greater financial, technical, marketing and other resources, stronger brand recognition, broader global distribution and presence, more established relationships with current or potential customers and partners, and larger customer bases than we do. These factors may allow our competitors to respond more quickly than we can to new or emerging technologies and changes in customer preferences. These competitors may engage in more extensive research and development efforts, undertake more far-reaching and successful sales and marketing campaigns, have more experienced sales professionals, execute more successfully on their go-to-market strategy and have greater access to more markets and decision makers, and adopt more aggressive pricing policies, which may allow them to build larger customer bases than we have. Claims made about our products by current and future competitors, even if misleading, may also negatively impact customer perceptions about us. New start-up companies that innovate and large competitors that are making significant investments in research and development may develop offerings that compete with or achieve greater market acceptance than our offerings, which could attract customers away from our offerings and reduce our market share. As market segments become increasingly crowded and competition intensifies, we could potentially face increasing costs of goods and services sold. If we are unable to anticipate or react effectively to these competitive challenges, our competitive position would weaken, which could adversely affect our business and results of operations.

If we are not able to keep pace with technological and competitive developments, our performance may be negatively affected.

The market for search technologies, including search, observability and security, is subject to rapid technological change, innovation (such as the use of AI), evolving industry standards, and changing regulations, as well as changing customer needs, requirements, and preferences. Our success depends on our ability to continue to innovate, enhance existing products, expand the use cases of our products, anticipate and respond to changing customer needs, requirements, and preferences, and develop and introduce in a timely manner new offerings that keep pace with technological and competitive developments.

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We have experienced delays in releasing new products, deployment options, and product enhancements and may experience similar delays in the future. As a result, in the past, some of our customers deferred purchasing our products until the next upgrade was released. Future delays or problems in the installation or implementation of our new releases may cause customers to forgo purchases of our products and purchase products of our competitors instead.

The success of new product introductions depends on a number of factors that include timely and successful product development, market acceptance, our ability to manage the risks associated with new product releases, the availability of software components for new products, the effective management of development and other spending in connection with anticipated demand for new products, the availability of newly developed products, and the risk that new products may have defects in the early stages of introduction. We have experienced bugs, errors, or other defects in new products and product updates and may have similar experiences in the future. Further, our ability to increase the usage of our products depends, in part, on the development of new use cases for our products, which is typically driven by our developer community and may be outside of our control. We also have invested, and may continue to invest, in the acquisition of complementary businesses, technologies, services, products, and other assets that we expect will expand the products that we can offer our customers. We may make these investments without being certain that they will result in products or enhancements that will be accepted by existing or prospective customers. If we are unable to enhance our existing products to meet evolving customer requirements, increase adoption and usage of our products, or develop new products, or if our efforts to increase the usage of our products are more expensive than we expect, our business, results of operations, and financial condition could be adversely affected.

Sales of our products could suffer if the markets for those products do not grow or if we fail to adapt and respond effectively to evolving markets.

The markets for certain of our products, such as our Search, Observability and Security solutions, are evolving and our products are relatively new in these markets. Accordingly, it is difficult to predict continued customer adoption and renewals for these products, customers’ demand for these products, the size, growth rate, expansion, and longevity of these markets, the entry of competitive products, or the success of existing competitive products. Our ability to penetrate these evolving markets depends on a number of factors, including the cost, performance, and perceived value associated with our products. If these markets do not continue to grow as expected or if we are unable to anticipate or react to changes in these markets, our competitive position could weaken, which could adversely affect our business and results of operations.

The length of our sales cycle can be unpredictable, particularly with respect to sales through our channel partners or sales to large customers, and our sales efforts may require considerable time and expense, which could negatively affect our cash flows and results of operations.

Our results of operations may fluctuate, in part, because of the length and variability of the sales cycle of our subscriptions and the difficulty in making short-term adjustments to our operating expenses. Our results of operations depend upon sales to new customers, including large customers, and increasing sales to existing customers. The length of our sales cycle, from initial contact with our sales team to contractually committing to our subscriptions, can vary substantially from customer to customer based on the complexity of our offerings as well as whether a sale is made directly by us or through a channel partner. Our sales cycle can extend to more than a year for some customers, and the length of sales cycles may be further extended as a result of worsening economic conditions. In addition, some customers have been scrutinizing their spending more carefully and reducing their consumption spending given the current uncertain economic environment, and we generally expect this caution to continue. We have also experienced and, if adverse economic conditions persist, may continue to experience longer and more unpredictable sales cycles. As we target more of our sales efforts at larger enterprise customers, we may face greater costs, longer sales cycles, greater competition and less predictability in completing some of our sales. A customer’s decision to use our solutions may be an enterprise-wide decision, which could require greater levels of education regarding the use cases of our products or protracted negotiations. In addition, larger customers may demand more configuration, integration services, and features. It is difficult to predict exactly when, or even if, we will make a sale to a potential customer or if we can increase sales to our existing customers. As a result, large individual sales in some cases have occurred in quarters subsequent to those we expected, or have not occurred at all. Lengthened or unpredictable sales cycles that cause a loss or delay of one or more large transactions in a quarter could affect our cash flows and results of operations for that quarter and for future quarters. These impacts are amplified in the short term when customers slow their consumption in response to the uncertain macroeconomic environment. Because a substantial proportion of our expenses are relatively fixed in the short term, our cash flows and results of operations could suffer if revenue falls below our expectations in a particular quarter.

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Because we recognize the vast majority of the revenue from subscriptions, either based on actual consumption or ratably over the term of the relevant subscription period, downturns or upturns in sales are not immediately reflected in full in our results of operations.

Subscription revenue accounts for the substantial majority of our revenue, constituting 93% of total revenue for the years ended April 30, 2025 and 2024, and 92% of total revenue for the year ended April 30, 2023. The effect of significant downturns in new or renewed sales of our subscriptions is not reflected in full in our results of operations until future periods. We recognize the vast majority of our subscription revenue either based on actual consumption or ratably over the term of the relevant time period. As a result, much of the subscription revenue we report each fiscal quarter represents the recognition of deferred revenue from subscription contracts entered into during previous fiscal quarters. Consequently, a decline in new or renewed subscriptions in any one fiscal quarter will not be fully or immediately reflected in revenue in that fiscal quarter and will negatively affect our revenue in future fiscal quarters.

The sales prices of our offerings may decrease, which may reduce our revenue and gross profits and adversely affect our financial results.

We may not be able to maintain our prices and gross profits at levels that will allow us to achieve and maintain profitability. The sales prices for our offerings may decline or we may introduce new pricing models for a variety of reasons, including competitive pricing pressures, discounts, in anticipation of or in conjunction with the introduction of new offerings, or promotional programs. Competition continues to increase in the market segments in which we operate, and we expect competition to continue to increase and lead to increased pricing pressures. Larger competitors with more diverse offerings may reduce the price of offerings that compete with ours or may bundle them with other offerings. Additionally, currency fluctuations in some countries and regions and pressures from uncertain inflation and interest rate environments may negatively impact actual prices that customers and channel partners are willing to pay in those countries and regions. Any decrease in the sales prices for our offerings may reduce our revenue and gross profit, unless accompanied by an increase in volume to offset the effects of price decreases or, in the case of gross profit, unless accompanied by a corresponding decrease of sufficient magnitude in costs. Gross profit could also be adversely impacted by a shift in the mix of our subscriptions from self-managed to our cloud offering, for which we incur hosting costs, as well as by any increase in our mix of services relative to subscriptions.

We expect our revenue mix to vary over time, which could harm our gross margin and operating results.

We expect our revenue mix to vary over time as a result of a number of factors, any one of which or the cumulative effect of which may result in significant fluctuations in our gross margin and operating results. We expect that revenue from Elastic Cloud, which contributed 46%, 43%, and 40% of our total revenue in fiscal 2025, 2024 and 2023, respectively, will continue to become a larger part of our revenue mix. We may experience a shift in revenue mix from cloud to self-managed in areas particularly affected by evolving international trade policies. Under the differing revenue recognition policies applicable to our subscriptions and services, shifts in our business mix from quarter to quarter could produce substantial variation in the revenue we recognize. The variation in our revenue also may result from the growth of consumption-based arrangements for our Elastic Cloud offerings, where the revenue we recognize is tied to our customers’ actual usage of our products, and from a further reduction in usage by customers already using a consumption-based arrangement due to the uncertain macroeconomic environment. Further, our gross margins and operating results could be harmed by changes in revenue mix and costs, together with numerous other factors, including our entry into new markets or growth in lower margin markets; our entry into markets with different pricing and cost structures; pricing discounts; and increased price competition.

The loss of one or more members of our senior management and other key employees or an inability to attract and retain highly skilled employees could harm our business.

Our future success depends, in part, on our ability to continue to attract and retain highly skilled personnel. The loss of the services of any of our key personnel, the inability to attract or retain qualified personnel, or delays in hiring required personnel, particularly in engineering and sales, may seriously harm our business, financial condition, and results of operations. Our ability to attract additional qualified personnel may be impacted by the economic uncertainty and insecurity caused by macroeconomic factors and geopolitical events. The loss of services of any of our key personnel also increases our dependency on other key personnel who remain with us. Although we have entered into employment offer letters with our key personnel, their employment is for no specific duration and constitutes at-will employment. We are also substantially dependent on the continued service of our existing engineering personnel because of the complexity of our products.

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Our future performance also depends on the continued service and continuing contributions of our senior management to execute our business strategy and to identify and pursue new opportunities and product innovations. We do not maintain key person life insurance policies on any of our employees. The loss of services of members of our senior management could significantly delay or prevent the achievement of our development and strategic objectives, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations. Any search for senior managers in the future or any search to replace the loss of any senior managers may be protracted, and we may not be able to attract a qualified candidate or replacement in a timely manner or at all, particularly as potential candidates may be less willing to change jobs in periods of unstable economic conditions caused by macroeconomic and geopolitical events.

The industry in which we operate is generally characterized by significant competition for skilled personnel as well as high employee attrition. The increased availability of hybrid or remote working arrangements within our industry has further expanded the pool of companies that can compete for our employees and employment candidates. We may not be successful in attracting, integrating, or retaining qualified personnel to fulfill our current or future needs. We may need to invest significant amounts of cash and equity to attract and retain new employees, and we may never realize returns on these investments. Further, to the extent we hire personnel from competitors, we may be subject to allegations that they have been improperly solicited, that they have divulged proprietary or other confidential information, or that their former employers own their inventions or other work product.

If we do not effectively develop and expand our sales and marketing capabilities, including expanding, training, and compensating our sales force, we may be unable to add new customers, increase sales to existing customers or expand the value of our existing customers’ subscriptions.

We dedicate significant resources to sales and marketing initiatives, including in markets in which we have limited or no experience. Our business and results of operations will be harmed if our sales and marketing efforts do not generate significant revenue increases or generate increases that are smaller than anticipated.

We may not achieve revenue growth from expanding our sales force if we are unable to hire, train, and retain talented and effective sales personnel. We depend upon our sales force to obtain new customers and to drive additional sales to existing customers. We believe that there is significant competition for sales personnel, including sales representatives, sales managers, and sales engineers, with the requisite skills and technical knowledge. Our ability to achieve significant revenue growth will depend, in large part, on our success in recruiting, training and retaining sufficient sales personnel to support our growth, and as we introduce new products, solutions, and marketing strategies, we may need to re-train existing sales personnel. Newly hired employees also require extensive training, which may take significant time before they achieve full productivity. Employees we have recently hired may not become productive as quickly as we expect, and we may be unable to hire or retain sufficient numbers of qualified individuals in the markets where we do business or plan to do business. As we continue to grow rapidly, a large portion of our sales force will have relatively little experience working with us, our subscriptions, and our business model. Additionally, we may need to evolve our sales compensation plans to drive the growth of our Elastic Cloud offerings with consumption-based arrangements. Such changes may have adverse consequences if they are not designed effectively. Our growth and results of operations could be negatively impacted if we are unable to hire and train sufficient numbers of effective sales personnel, our new and existing sales personnel are unable to achieve desired productivity levels in a reasonable period of time, our sales personnel are not successful in obtaining new customers or increasing sales to our existing customer base, or our sales and marketing programs, including our sales compensation plans, are not effective.

Our failure to offer high-quality customer support could have an adverse effect on our business and results of operations.

After our products are deployed within our customers’ IT environments, our customers depend upon our technical support services to resolve issues relating to our products. If we do not succeed in helping our customers quickly resolve post-deployment issues or provide effective ongoing support and education with respect to our products, our ability to renew or sell additional subscriptions to existing customers or expand the value of existing customers’ subscriptions would be adversely affected and our reputation with potential customers could be damaged. Many larger enterprise and government entity customers have more complex IT environments and require higher levels of support than smaller customers. If we fail to meet the requirements of these larger customers, we may be unsuccessful in increasing our sales to them.

In addition, it can take several months to recruit, hire, and train qualified technical support employees. We may not be able to hire such employees fast enough to keep up with demand, particularly if the sales of our offerings exceed our internal forecasts. The uncertainty related to macroeconomic conditions may result in more competition for qualified employees and delays in hiring, onboarding, and training new employees. To the extent that we are unsuccessful in hiring, training, and retaining adequate support resources, our ability to provide adequate and timely support to our customers, and our customers’ satisfaction with our offerings will be adversely affected. Our failure to provide and maintain, or a market perception that we do not provide or maintain, high-quality support services could have an adverse effect on our business and results of operations.

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If we cannot maintain the corporate culture that has contributed to our success, we could lose the innovation, creativity, and entrepreneurial spirit we have worked to foster, which could harm our business.

We believe that our culture has been and will continue to be a key contributor to our success. We expect to continue to hire as we expand. If we do not continue to maintain our corporate culture as we grow, we may be unable to foster the innovation, creativity, and entrepreneurial spirit we believe we need to support our growth. Moreover, many of our existing employees may be able to receive significant proceeds from sales of our ordinary shares in the public markets, which could lead to employee attrition and disparities of wealth among our employees that might adversely affect relations among employees and our culture in general. Additional headcount growth and employee turnover also may contribute to a change to our corporate culture, which could harm our business.

We may not be able to realize the benefits of our marketing strategies to offer some of our product features free of charge and to provide free trials of some of our paid features.

We are dependent on lead generation strategies, including offers of free use of some of our product features and free trials of some of our paid features. These strategies may not be successful in continuing to generate sufficient sales opportunities necessary to increase our revenue. Many users never convert from the free use model or from free trials to the paid versions of our products. To the extent that users do not become, or we are unable to attract, paying customers, we will not realize the intended benefits of these marketing strategies and our ability to grow our revenue will be adversely affected.

Our international operations and expansion expose us to a variety of risks.

As of April 30, 2025, we had customers located in over 125 countries as we pursue our strategy to continue to expand internationally. In addition, as of April 30, 2025, as a result of our strategy of leveraging a distributed workforce, we had employees located in over 40 countries. Our current international operations involve and future initiatives may involve a variety of risks, including:

•political and economic instability related to international disputes, such as the evolving conflicts in the Middle East and Russia’s war with Ukraine and the related impact on macroeconomic conditions as a result of such conflicts, which may negatively impact our customers, partners, and vendors;

•unexpected changes in regulatory requirements, taxes, trade laws, export quotas, custom duties or other trade restrictions;

•different labor regulations, especially in the European Union, where labor laws are generally more advantageous to employees than in the United States, including hourly wage and overtime regulations in these locations;

•compliance with requirements to hire local employees to perform particular functions, which may not align with the manner in which we would otherwise operate our business;

•exposure to many stringent regulations relating to privacy, data protection, and information security, particularly in the European Union, and potentially inconsistent laws and regulations in these areas across countries;

•changes in a country’s or region’s political or economic conditions;

•changes in relations between the United States and the European Union, including individual member states, such as the Netherlands;

•risks resulting from changes in currency exchange rates and inflationary pressures;

•risks resulting from the migration of invoicing from local billing entities to centralized regional billing entities;

•the impact of public health epidemics or pandemics on our employees, partners, and customers;

•challenges inherent in efficiently managing an increased number of employees over large geographic distances, including the need to implement appropriate systems, policies, benefits, and compliance programs;

•risks relating to enforcement of U.S. export control laws and regulations that include the Export Administration Regulations (“EAR”), trade and economic sanctions, including restrictions promulgated by the Office of Foreign Assets Control (“OFAC”), and other similar trade protection regulations and measures in the United States or in other jurisdictions;

•risks relating to our third-party vendors and service providers’ storage and processing of some of our and our customers’ data, including any supply chain cybersecurity attacks;

•reduced ability to timely collect amounts owed to us by our customers in countries where our recourse for delinquent payments may be more limited;

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•limitations on our ability to reinvest earnings from operations derived from one country to fund the capital needs of our operations in other countries;

•limited or unfavorable intellectual property protection; and

•exposure to liabilities under anti-corruption and anti-money laundering laws, including the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977, as amended (“FCPA”), and similar applicable laws and regulations in other jurisdictions.

If we are unable to address these difficulties and challenges or other problems encountered in connection with our international operations and expansion, we might incur unanticipated liabilities or we might otherwise suffer harm to our business generally.

If we are not successful in sustaining and expanding our international business, we may incur additional losses and our revenue growth could be harmed.

Our future results depend, in part, on our ability to sustain and expand our penetration of the international markets in which we currently operate and to expand into additional international markets. We sell our offerings in international markets through direct sales and our channel partner relationships. Our ability to expand internationally will depend on our ability to deliver functionality and foreign language translations that reflect the needs of the international clients that we target. International expansion involves various risks, including the need to invest significant resources in such expansion, and the possibility that returns on such investments will not be achieved in the near future or at all in these less familiar competitive environments. We may also choose to conduct our international business through other partnerships. If we are unable to identify partners or negotiate favorable terms for our partnership arrangements, our international growth may be limited. In addition, we have incurred and may continue to incur significant expenses before we generate material revenue in particular international markets as we attempt to establish our presence in those markets.

We are exposed to fluctuations in currency exchange rates, which could negatively affect our financial condition and results of operations.

A portion of our revenue is generated, and a portion of our expenses is incurred, outside the United States in foreign currencies, which exposes us to risk of fluctuations in foreign currency markets. Specifically, our results of operations and cash flows are subject to currency fluctuations primarily in Euro, British Pound Sterling, Japanese Yen, Australian Dollar against the US Dollar. Exchange rates have been volatile as a result of geopolitical conflicts and uncertain macroeconomic conditions, and this volatility may continue. The fluctuation of currencies in which we conduct business can both increase and decrease our overall revenue and expenses for any fiscal period. In addition, increased international sales and operating expenses incurred in future periods outside the United States in foreign currencies will increase our foreign currency risk. If we are not able to successfully hedge against the risks associated with currency fluctuations, our financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected.

Any need by us to raise additional capital or generate the significant capital necessary to expand our operations and invest in new offerings could limit our ability to compete and could harm our business.

We may need to raise additional funds in the future, and may not be able to obtain additional debt or equity financing on favorable terms, if at all, particularly during times of market volatility, changes in the interest rate environment, and general economic instability. If we raise additional equity financing, our shareholders may experience significant dilution of their ownership interests and the per share value of our ordinary shares could decline. Further, if we engage in debt financing, the holders of debt would have priority for payment over the holders of our ordinary shares, and we may be required to accept terms that restrict our ability to incur additional indebtedness. We may also be required to take other actions that would otherwise be in the interests of the debt holders and force us to maintain specified liquidity or other financial ratios, any of which could harm our business, results of operations, and financial condition. If we need additional capital and cannot raise it on acceptable terms, we may not be able, among other actions, to:

•develop or enhance our products;

•continue to expand our sales and marketing and research and development organizations;

•acquire complementary technologies, products, or businesses;

•expand operations in the United States or internationally;

•hire, train, and retain employees; or

•respond to competitive pressures or unanticipated working capital requirements.

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Our failure to have sufficient capital to take any of these actions could limit our ability to compete and harm our business.

Our generation of a portion of our revenue by sales to government entities subjects us to a number of risks.

We generate an increasing portion of our revenue from sales to U.S. and non-U.S. government entities. Sales to government entities are subject to a number of risks. Selling to government entities can be highly competitive, expensive, and time-consuming, often requiring significant upfront time and expense without any assurance that these efforts will generate a sale. Government certification and security requirements for products like ours may change, thereby restricting our ability to sell into the U.S. federal government sector, U.S. state or local government sector, or government sectors of countries other than the United States until we have obtained the revised certification or met the changed security requirements. If we are unable to timely meet such requirements, our ability to compete for and retain federal government contracts may be diminished, which could adversely affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition.

Government entities may have statutory, contractual, or other legal rights to terminate contracts with us or our channel partners for convenience or due to a default, and any such termination may adversely affect our future results. Government demand and payment for our offerings may be affected by public sector budgetary cycles and funding authorizations, with funding reductions or delays adversely affecting public sector demand for our offerings or preventing the exercise of options under multi-year contracts. There is pressure on governments to reduce spending, both domestically and internationally, particularly with respect to U.S. federal government agencies. Actions by government entities to maximize efficiency and productivity may create further delays in government contracting due to uncertainties and employee reductions, and create additional uncertainty regarding budgetary priorities, all of which could adversely affect the timing, funding, and purchases of our offerings by U.S. and non-U.S. government organizations.

Contracts with government agencies, including classified contracts, are subject to extensive, evolving, and sometimes complex regulations, as well as audits and reviews of contractors’ administrative processes and other contract-related compliance obligations. Breaches of government contracts, failure to comply with applicable regulations, failure to obtain and maintain required facility and/or security clearances, or unfavorable findings from government audits or reviews could result in contract terminations, reputational harm or other adverse consequences, including ineligibility to sell to government agencies in the future, government refusal to continue buying our subscriptions, or fines or civil or criminal liability, which could adversely affect our results of operations.

If we are unable to maintain successful relationships with our partners, or if our partners fail to perform or we are unable to maintain successful relationships with them, our business operations, financial results, and growth prospects could be adversely affected.

We maintain partnership relationships with a variety of enterprises, including cloud providers such as Amazon, Google, and Microsoft, systems integrators, channel partners, referral partners, OEM and MSP partners, and technology partners, to deliver offerings to our end customers and complement our broad community of users. In particular, we partner with various cloud providers to jointly market, sell and deliver our Elastic Cloud offerings, which in some instances also involves technical integration with such cloud providers. Our ability to achieve revenue growth in the future will depend in part on our success in maintaining successful relationships with our partners and in helping our partners enhance their ability to market and sell our subscriptions. If we are unable to maintain our relationships with these partners, our business, results of operations, financial condition or cash flows could be harmed.

Our agreements with our partners are generally non-exclusive, so that our partners may offer customers the offerings of several different companies, including offerings that compete with ours, or may themselves be or become competitors. Some of these partners may also market, sell, and support offerings that compete with ours, may devote more resources to the marketing, sales, and support of such competitive offerings, may have incentives to promote our competitors’ offerings to the detriment of our offerings or may cease selling our offerings altogether. If our partners do not effectively market and sell our offerings, choose to use greater efforts to market and sell their own offerings or those of our competitors, fail to provide adequate technical integration with their own offerings, fail to meet the needs of our customers, fail to deliver services to our customers, or if we lose one or more of our channel partners, our ability to expand our business and sell our offerings may be harmed. Our partners may cease marketing our offerings with limited or no notice and with little or no penalty. The loss of a substantial number of our partners, our possible inability to replace them, or the failure to recruit additional partners could harm our performance.

In addition, many of our new channel partners require extensive training and may take several months or more to become effective in marketing our offerings. Our channel partner sales structure could subject us to lawsuits, potential liability, misstatement of revenue, and reputational harm, if, for example, any of our channel partners misrepresents the functionality of our offerings to customers or violates laws or our or their corporate policies, including our terms of business, which in turn could impact reported revenue, deferred revenue, and remaining performance obligations.

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Our decision to no longer offer Elasticsearch and Kibana under an open source license may harm the adoption of Elasticsearch and Kibana.

In February 2021, with the release of version 7.11 of our platform, we changed the source code of Elasticsearch and Kibana, which had historically been licensed under Apache 2.0, to be dual licensed under Elastic License 2.0 and the Server Side Public License Version 1.0 (“SSPL”), at the user’s election. Neither the Elastic License nor the SSPL has been approved by the Open Source Initiative or is included in the Free Software Foundation’s list of free software licenses. Further, neither has been interpreted by any court. While the vast majority of downloads of Elasticsearch and Kibana from mid-2018 through early 2021 were licensed under the Elastic License, the removal of the Apache 2.0 alternative could negatively impact certain developers for whom the availability of an open source license was important. In addition, some developers and the companies for whom they work may be hesitant to download or upgrade to new versions of Elasticsearch or Kibana under the Elastic License or SSPL because of uncertainty regarding how these licenses may be interpreted and enforced. Other developers, including competitors of Elastic such as Amazon, have announced that they have “forked” Elasticsearch and Kibana, which means they have developed their own product or service that is based on features of Elasticsearch and Kibana that we had previously made available under an open source license. For example, Amazon has launched an open source project called OpenSearch based on a forked version of our platform, which is licensed under Apache 2.0, and has rebranded its existing Elasticsearch Service as OpenSearch Service. The combination of uncertainty regarding our dual license model and the potential competition from the forked versions of our software may negatively impact adoption of Elasticsearch and Kibana, which in turn could lead to reduced brand and product awareness and to a decline in paying customers, which could harm our ability to grow our business or achieve profitability.

We could be negatively impacted if the source code licenses under which some of our software is licensed, is not enforceable.

We make the source code of our products available under Apache 2.0, the Elastic License, as dual licensed under the Elastic License and SSPL, depending on the product and version, or the GNU Affero General Public License v3. Apache 2.0 is a permissive open source license that allows licensees to freely copy, modify and distribute Apache 2.0-licensed software if they meet certain conditions. The Elastic License is our proprietary source available license. The Elastic License permits licensees to use, copy, modify and distribute the licensed software so long as they do not offer access to the software as a cloud service, interfere with the license key or remove proprietary notices. SSPL is a source-available license that is based on the AGPL open source license, and both SSPL and AGPL permit licensees to copy, modify and distribute SSPL-licensed software, but expressly require licensees that offer the SSPL-licensed software as a third-party service to open source all of the software that they use to offer such service. We rely upon the enforceability of the restrictions set forth in the Elastic License and SSPL to protect our proprietary interests. If a court were to hold that the Elastic License or SSPL or certain aspects of these licenses are unenforceable, others may be able to use our software to compete with us in the marketplace in a manner not subject to the restrictions set forth in the Elastic License or SSPL.

If third parties offer inadequate or defective implementations of software that we have previously made available under an open source license, we could experience lost sales and lack of market acceptance of our products.

Certain cloud hosting providers and managed service providers, including AWS, offer hosted products or services based on a forked version of our platform, which means they offer a service that includes some of the features that we had previously made available under an open source license. These offerings are not supported by us and are delivered without any of our proprietary features, whether free or paid. We do not control how these third parties may use or offer our open source technology. These third parties could inadequately or incorrectly implement our open source technology or fail to update such technology in light of changing technological or security requirements, which could result in real or perceived defects, security vulnerabilities, errors, or performance failures with respect to their offerings. Users, customers, and potential customers could confuse these third-party products with our products, and attribute such defects, security vulnerabilities, errors, or performance failures to our products. Any damage to our reputation and brand from defective implementations of our open source software could result in lost sales and lack of market acceptance of our products and could adversely affect our business and growth prospects.

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Limited technological barriers to entry into the markets in which we compete may facilitate entry by other enterprises into our markets to compete with us.

Any person may obtain access to source code for the features of our software that we have licensed under open source or source available licenses. Depending on the product and version of the Elastic software, this source code is available under Apache 2.0, SSPL, AGPL, or the Elastic License. Each of these licenses allows anyone, subject to compliance with the conditions of the applicable license, to redistribute our software in modified or unmodified form and use it to compete in our markets. Such competition can develop without the degree of overhead and lead time required by traditional proprietary software companies because of the rights granted to licensees of open source and source available software. It is possible for competitors to develop their own software, including software based on our products, potentially reducing the demand for our products and putting pricing pressure on our subscriptions. For example, Amazon offers some of the features that we had previously made available under an open source license as part of its AWS offering. Through these offerings, Amazon competes with us for potential customers, and while Amazon cannot provide our proprietary software, Amazon’s offerings may reduce the demand for our products and the pricing of Amazon’s offerings may limit our ability to adjust the prices of our products. Competitive pressure in our markets generally may result in price reductions, reduced operating margins, and loss of market share.

A real or perceived defect, security vulnerability, error, or performance failure in our software could cause us to lose revenue, damage our reputation, and expose us to liability.

ESTC US Equity

ESTC · 10-K · period ended 2025-04-30

Item 1. Business

Item 1A. Risk Factors

ESTC US Equity☆

ESTC · 10-K · period ended 2025-04-30

Item 1. Business

Item 1A. Risk Factors

ESTC US Equity