EOSE US Equity☆

eose-20211231

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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K

(Mark one)

For the fiscal year ended: December 31, 2021

or

For the transition period from to

EOS ENERGY ENTERPRISES, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

3920 Park Avenue

Edison, New Jersey08820

(Address of principal executive offices, including zip code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (732) 225-8400

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class Trading Symbol(s) Name of each exchange on which registered

Common stock, par value $0.0001 per share EOSE The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☐No ☒

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ☐No ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

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Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of the “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “non-accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer ☒ Accelerated filer ☐

Non-accelerated filer ☐ Smaller reporting company ☐

Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

The aggregate market value of the voting stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant as of the last business day of the registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter, June 30, 2021, was approximately $715 million based upon the closing sale price of our common stock of $17.96 on that date. As of February 16, 2022, there were 53,958,013 shares of the registrant’s common stock issued and outstanding.

Table of Contents

Page

Part I 1

Item 1.Business 3

Item 1A. Risk Factors 18

Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments 40

Item 2. Properties 40

Item 3. Legal Proceedings 40

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures 40

Item 6. Selected Financial Data 42

Item 7A.Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosure about Market Risk 59

Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data 60

Item 9A. Controls and Procedures 60

Item 9B. Other Information 61

Item 9C. Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections 61

Part III 62

Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance 62

Item 11. Executive Compensation 62

Item 14. Principal Accounting Fees and Services 62

Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules 62

Frequently Used Terms

Unless otherwise stated or unless the context otherwise requires, the terms “Company,” “we,” “us,” “our,” and “Eos” refer to Eos Energy Enterprises, Inc., a Delaware corporation, and the term “BMRG” refers to the Company prior to the consummation of the business combination. In this Form 10-K:

• “Charter” means the third amended and restated certificate of incorporation of the Company.

• “EES ” means Eos Energy Storage LLC.

• “Exchange Act” means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.

• “Founder shares” means the shares of common stock, which were formerly shares of Class B common stock purchased, by BMRG’s initial stockholders.

•“GAAP” means United States generally accepted accounting principles, consistently applied, as in effect from time to time.

•“IPO” means the Company’s initial public offering, consummated on May 22, 2020, through the sale of 17,500,000 units at $10.00 per unit.

•“Nasdaq” means The Nasdaq Capital Market.

•“Private Placement” means the private sale of the private placement units simultaneously with the closing of the IPO.

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•“Private Placement Shares” means the shares of common stock included in the private placement units.

•“Private Placement Units” means the 650,000 units at $10.00 per private placement unit purchased by the Sponsor in the private placement, each of which consists of one share of common stock and one-half of one private placement warrant. The private placement units were separated into their component parts upon the consummation of the business combination.

•“Private Placement Warrants” means the warrants underlying the private placement units issued in the Private Placement, each of which is exercisable for one share of common stock at $11.50 per share.

•“Public Warrants” means the 8,750,000 redeemable warrants sold as part of the units in the IPO.

•“SEC” means the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.

•“Securities Act” means the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

•“Sponsor” means B. Riley Principal Sponsor Co. II, LLC.

•“Trust account” means the trust account established in connection with the IPO.

•“Warrants” means the Private Placement Warrants and Public Warrants.

Our website address is www.eosenergystorage.com, and our board committee charters and other corporate governance documentation is available at https://investors.eose.com. Information contained on, or that can be accessed through, our website does not constitute part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Forward-Looking Statements

All statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K ("Annual Report"), other than statements or characterizations of historical fact, are forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. The words "anticipate," "believe," "estimate," "project," "expect," "intend," "plan," "should," and similar expressions, as they relate to us, are intended to identify forward-looking statements. These statements appear in a number of places in this Annual Report and include statements regarding the intent, belief or current expectations of Eos Energy Enterprises, Inc. Forward-looking statements are based on our management’s beliefs, as well as assumptions made by, and information currently available to, them. Because such statements are based on expectations as to future financial and operating results and are not statements of fact, actual results may differ materially from those projected. Factors which may cause actual results to differ materially from current expectations include, but are not limited to:

•changes adversely affecting the business in which we are engaged;

•our ability to forecast trends accurately; our ability to generate cash, service indebtedness and incur additional indebtedness;

•our ability to raise financing in the future;

•our ability to develop efficient manufacturing processes to scale and to forecast related costs and efficiencies accurately;

•fluctuations in our revenue and operating results;

•competition from existing or new competitors;

•the failure to convert firm order backlog to revenue;

•risks associated with security breaches in our information technology systems;

•risks related to legal proceedings or claims;

•risks associated with evolving energy policies in the United States and other countries and the potential costs of regulatory compliance;

•risks associated with changes to U.S. trade environment;

•risks resulting from the impact of global pandemics, including the novel coronavirus, Covid-19;

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•risks related to adverse changes in general economic conditions;

•other factors detailed under the section entitled “Risk Factors” herein.

Should one or more of these risks or uncertainties materialize, or should any of our assumptions prove incorrect, actual results may vary in material respects from those projected in these forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date they are made. Readers are cautioned not to put undue reliance on forward-looking statements, and, except as required by law, the Company assumes no obligation and does not intend to update or revise these forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events, or otherwise.

PART I

ITEM. 1 BUSINESS

Business Combination

Eos Energy Enterprises, Inc. (the “Company” or "Eos"), a Delaware corporation, was incorporated under its prior name B. Riley Merger Corp. II as a blank check company on June 3, 2019. On September 7, 2020, the Company entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger (the “Merger Agreement”) with BMRG Merger Sub, LLC, our wholly-owned subsidiary and a Delaware limited liability company (“Merger Sub I”), BMRG Merger Sub II, LLC, our wholly-owned subsidiary and a Delaware limited liability company (“Merger Sub II”), Eos Energy Storage LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“EES”), New Eos Energy LLC, a wholly-owned subsidiary of EES and a Delaware limited liability company (“Newco”) and AltEnergy Storage VI, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“AltEnergy”).

On November 16, 2020, the transactions described above were consummated. In connection with the business combination (the “Business Combination”): (1) Merger Sub I merged with and into Newco (the “First Merger”), and Newco continued as the surviving company (sometimes referred to as the “First Surviving Company”) and became our wholly owned subsidiary; and (2) immediately following the First Merger and as part of the same overall transaction as the First Merger, the First Surviving Company merged with and into Merger Sub II and Merger Sub II continued as the surviving company and our wholly owned subsidiary.

Upon the closing of the business combination (the “Closing”), the Company changed its name to “Eos Energy Enterprises, Inc.” The business combination is accounted for as a reverse recapitalization. EES is deemed the accounting predecessor and the combined entity is the successor SEC registrant. The historical financial statements of EES became the historical financial statements of the combined entities that are disclosed in the registrant’s future periodic reports filed with the SEC.

Business Overview

We design, manufacture, and deploy safe, scalable, and sustainable, low total cost of ownership battery storage solutions for the electricity industry. Our flagship technology is the proprietary Eos Znyth aqueous zinc battery, the core of the Eos DC energy storage system (the “Eos ZnythTM system”), with both front-of-the-meter and behind-the-meter applications, particularly applications with three to twelve- hour use cases. The flexibility of the ZnythTM battery allows the battery to support use cases such as frequency regulation's one-second response time. The Eos ZnythTM system is the first non lithium-ion ("Li-ion") stationary battery energy storage system (“BESS”) that is competitive in price and performance with Li-ion and is more flexible, safe and sustainable. The ZnythTM battery is fully recyclable, does not require any rare earth or conflict materials, is manufactured in the United States with a primarily domestic supply chain, and is scalable to multi-GWh sites or can be sized for small commercial sites.

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Stationary BESS are used to store energy for many purposes, including stabilizing and reducing congestion of the power grid, reducing peak energy usage, and time-shifting of renewable energy sources. When coupled with renewable energy sources such as solar photovoltaic (“PV”) and wind generation, the Eos ZnythTM system can store energy that the renewable source produces and discharge energy when the source is not producing energy, thus reducing the intermittency and increasing the value and reliability of the renewable energy source. Additionally, storage is used by commercial and industrial (“C&I”) customers to save energy costs by reducing their peak usage, thus reducing demand charges and avoiding peak energy pricing from utilities. We believe that scalable energy storage serves as a central catalyst for modernizing and creating a more reliable and resilient, efficient, sustainable, and affordable grid. The significant market demand for battery storage is driven by independent power producers (“IPP”), renewable developers, utilities and C&I customers who are especially eager for a reliable, sustainable, safe, low-cost and scalable battery storage solution to complement their other energy resources.

EES was founded in 2008 under the name Grid Storage Technologies, initially focusing on developing the chemistry of its proprietary electrolyte-based battery technology and improving mechanical design and system performance. Our products, which are developed and manufactured in the United States, have the ability to play a pivotal role in the transition to a more sustainable, resilient and low carbon energy future. We have transformed from an organization that focused primarily on research and development to one focused on commercialization of our energy storage solution and, more recently, to scaling our manufacturing platform. We produced our first proof of concept with generation 1 of the Eos ZnythTM system in 2015 (“Gen 1”) and began commercial shipments of our generation 2 Eos ZnythTM system in 2018 (“Gen 2”). During 2020, we completed the development of our Generation 2.3 Eos ZnythTM systems (“Gen 2.3”) and shipped our first Gen 2.3 system in December 2020. As of December 31, 2021, we have delivered 22 Eos ZnythTM systems comprised of over 9,300 ZnythTM batteries or approximately 28 megawatt hours ("MWh"). Each Gen 2.3 20 foot battery container (“Eos Cube”) is comprised of 144 batteries, which are connected to, and monitored through, our proprietary battery management system. Each system is individually designed with the appropriate number of Eos Cube to achieve the end user’s desired energy needs. We also offer a larger battery systems in the form of our prefabricated building system (“Eos Hangar”) which provides 40MWh of storage per Eos Hangar and an indoor racking solution (“Eos Stack”) that leverages the safe and modular characteristics of the ZnythTM battery in providing indoor energy solutions for C&I buildings.

Our competitive advantage is our ZnythTM battery technology, which employs a unique zinc-halide oxidation/reduction cycle packaged in a sealed, flooded, bipolar battery. Our patented aqueous zinc-powered battery technology offers a safe, scalable, fully recyclable and sustainable alternative to Li-ion battery power. The ZnythTM technology requires just five core commodity materials derived from non-rare earth and non-conflict minerals that are abundantly available and fully recyclable. The Eos ZnythTM system is also non-flammable and does not require any moving parts or pumps, allowing for simple maintenance and low-cost operation.

The Eos ZnythTM system offers an alternative to Li-ion at a price per kilowatt hour (“kWh”) that is competitive. Unlike Li-ion, and due to ZnythTM's wide operating temperature range, our commodity-based aqueous zinc chemistry does not require high-cost heating, ventilation, air conditioning ("HVAC"), or fire suppression equipment. Where Li-ion batteries have a history of explosions and fires, our systems do not face this issue due to the stable, non-combustible chemistry used in our battery. Our raw materials and components are readily available commodities with fewer supply constraints than competing technologies. Li-ion batteries use scarce, toxic rare earth materials that can be in short supply due to their use in electric vehicles, mobile phones and an array of other electronics. Li-ion batteries can themselves be, and in recent months have been, in short supply. Our technology is highly scalable, easily installed and integrated into new or existing electric infrastructure. Our systems also include our proprietary battery management system, which optimizes our battery performance and protects the health and longevity of the battery. Our products are currently manufactured in the United States and require a fraction of the capital expenditure of equivalent Li-ion manufacturing processes. Our scalable manufacturing platform can be localized anywhere in the world in fewer than 12 months. Our technology is protected by a robust patent portfolio. As of December 31, 2021, we had over 220 patent applications filed, and we have more than 140 patents pending, issued or published in 33 countries.

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We sell our products through our direct sales force and through sales channels to developers, power producers, large utilities and commercial and industrial companies. Our sales focus is primarily on use cases that require three (3) to twelve (12) hours of battery storage, although our battery can be used for shorter durations as well. We are establishing a global sales presence by leveraging our sales channels and direct sales team. We work with customers to understand the use case for each battery storage project and propose the best solution to maximize the economics for the end user. Examples of customers and use cases for our systems include:

•Solar developers that combine battery storage with solar fields to time-shift energy by charging the battery during the day and then discharging the battery during peak hours.

•Industrial customers that use battery storage to improve power quality, reduce peak usage, and improve the efficiency of other energy sources.

•C&I customers that utilize battery storage to safely reduce demand charges from their utility and participate in utility programs to improve grid operations. In the event of a loss of electricity from the grid, our battery provides resilience, such as running emergency systems in the building including elevators and fire alarms.

•Utilities that use battery storage systems to offset or postpone transmission and distribution capital expenditures and to provide congestion relief, which improves the reliability of the power grid.

On April 9, 2021, we acquired the remaining 51% ownership stake in HI-POWER, LLC ("HI-POWER"), which was initially established as joint venture in August 2019. The acquisition allows us to enhance our operational and financial flexibility through the vertical integration of our supply chain. We assumed full control over the supply chain, back-office functions, HI-POWER personnel, and day-to-day management. We continue to manufacture our non-toxic, non-flammable energy storage systems at the Turtle Creek, Pennsylvania location, where we employ more than 150 technicians.

Industry Overview

We believe that energy storage is on the verge of global wide-scale deployment. Specifically, we believe we are on the cusp of what could be a rebirth of American manufacturing and innovation in energy resilience as governments, communities and corporations race to reduce emissions and meet climate change goals. The number of companies that set targets and report progress increased nearly 300% from 2019 to 2020, and this figure is likely to grow with the United States and other countries as they set more aggressive targets for carbon mitigation.

As batteries increasingly become economical on a levelized cost of storage basis, we believe that utility-scale battery technology will be increasingly beneficial for a variety of solutions, including solar-plus-storage, peaking capacity, grid congestion and wind-plus-storage. We anticipate rapid increases in utility scale, co-located renewable energy-plus-storage projects, especially in the United States, with most near and medium-term installations qualifying as utility scale. By combining a battery with an intermittent renewable energy source, such as wind or solar, the energy stored in the battery can be used when the intermittent source is not available, for example if the wind is not blowing or the sun is not shining.

According to Bloomberg New Energy Finance (“BNEF”), the global energy storage market is expected to grow to a cumulative 350 gigawatts (“GW”), attracting an estimated $262 billion in future investment by 2030. With approximately 5.5 GW of energy storage commissioned globally in 2020, BNEF anticipated an increase to 11.9 GW in 2021. It is expected the global energy storage market will grow at a 33% compound annual growth rate from 10,764 MWh annually in 2020 to approximately 174,000 MWh annually by 2030.

Based on BNEF, the United States would represent over 28% of this global cumulative market through 2030. According to the U.S. Energy Information Association, the percentage of renewable energy in total electricity generation in the United States will change from 20% in 2020 to 33% or more by 2030. Favorable regulatory conditions such as the court decision validating Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) Order 841, along with state sponsored incentives in New York, California, Massachusetts and other states coupled with the rapid growth of solar PV plus storage applications throughout the United States are expected to grow the energy storage market from 2,473 MWh deployed in 2020 to 43,586 MWh deployed in 2030. Below is a demonstration of the projected energy storage global market and the projected annual investment in the energy storage global market by region:

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Source: BNEF

(1) Buffer represents markets where we lack visibility.

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Limitations of Other Existing Technologies

Li-ion is the most prevalent incumbent energy storage technology, historically used in consumer electronics, electric vehicles and select transportation industries, and is the primary alternative to our systems. According to the U.S. Energy Information Administration, Li-ion accounted for 93% of all new energy storage capacity in the United States since 2012, growing at an annual rate of 55%. According to the Lazard Levelized Cost of Storage Version 4.0 Final report (“Lazard LCOS 4.0 Report”), Li-ion has an optimal power capacity of between 5 kilowatts (“kW”) — 100 Megawatts ("MW") and an anticipated useful life of twelve (12) years. Key primary ingredients for Li-ion batteries are lithium and cobalt or nickel, with companies now relying more on nickel. In addition, the Lazard Levelized Cost of Storage Version 7.0 (“Lazard LCOS 7.0 Report”) highlights increased concernsregarding the availability of Li-ion battery modules given ongoing supply constraints as the demand for storage solutions increases across several markets.

Due to the factors described below, we believe that even though lithium supplies are generally forecasted to accommodate the global increase in demand in the near term, supply chains will likely become strained over time. Additionally, lithium faces significant supply chain uncertainty that may constrain Li-ion battery growth.

•Lithium Supply. The lithium supply chain is highly concentrated, and according to an article by McKinsey & Company titled “Lithium and Cobalt: A tale of two commodities” (“McKinsey Article”) only eight (8) countries are producing lithium globally, of which Chile, Australia and China accounted for 85% of production in 2017. Only four companies — Talison Lithium Pty Ltd, Sociedad Química y Minera de Chile S.A., Albemarle Corporation and FMC Corporation — control the majority of the global mining output. Without the addition of new lithium mining projects and with growing lithium demand, especially in the electric vehicle space, demand is on pace to exceed supply soon, which would hinder the growth of lithium-based products.

•Cobalt Supply. According to the McKinsey Article, while the top three producers of cobalt comprise only 40% of the global cobalt supply, regional suppliers are more monopolistic. The Democratic Republic of the Congo (“DRC”) represented approximately 70% of global output in 2019, a share that is projected to increase further. The DRC historically experienced supply disruptions and is currently revising mining laws, with additional concerns regarding child labor, potentially threatening the market’s overall growth. Additionally, approximately 90% of the global cobalt supply is produced as a by-product from either copper or nickel mining, making cobalt expansion projects closely tied to the economics of these markets. Global forecasts for cobalt production show supply shortages arising as early as 2022, which would likely slow Li-ion battery growth.

•Nickel Supply. According to Rystad Energy, global demand for nickel used in battery production is projected to increase by 22% from 2021 to 2026. The supply crunch is driven by mining companies not finding enough new high-grade nickel to keep up with the current demand.Most of the higher energy cathodes of the future will need high nickel content.

•Electric Vehicle (“EV”) Demand. The lithium, nickel and cobalt markets have been largely driven by battery demand, primarily from consumer electronics, representing 40% and 25% of demand in 2017, respectively. Lithium, nickel and cobalt could face supply constraints due to the demand for these materials in batteries for the EV industry. As the global EV market expands, we expect global demand for both materials to increase. EVs represented 1.3% of global vehicle sales in 2017, but BNEF forecasted that EVs will hit 10% of global passenger vehicle sales in 2025, with that number rising to 28% in 2030 and 58% in 2040. The proportion of Li-ion batteries consumed by the EV industry was 64% in 2019 and is forecasted to grow to 80% by 2030. The Lazard LCOS 7.0 Report reaffirms this perspective by stressing that battery module demand from EVs is expected to increase to ~90% from ~75% of end-market demand by 2030. Stationary storage currently represents <5% of end market demand and is not expected to exceed 10% of the market by 2030.

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Li-ion also suffers from inherent technological limitations. Performance under extreme ambient temperature can significantly impact the life cycle of Li-ion batteries. This makes Li-ion difficult to pair with solar, or wind, in areas where the operating temperature window ranges widely. In cases where extreme ambient conditions are expected, energy storage systems have implemented HVAC systems to maintain a narrower operating temperature to offset temperature limitations. While ensuring lower degradation through the life of the battery, the use of such systems impact overall system efficiency performance, as some of the energy must be used for thermal management.

Li-ion is also susceptible to thermal runaway conditions. This condition can lead to overheating, explosions, and related safety issues, as the April 2019 lithium battery explosion near Phoenix, Arizona demonstrated. With the increased need of energy storage for multiple applications, this safety concern is front and center in the minds of regulators and authorities as they draft guidelines and requirements for properly installing storage systems. Many urban areas restrict the use of commercial size Li-ion batteries in buildings and some standards organizations, such as UL, are modifying their standards to accommodate for proper examination of such systems. UL9540A, is a widely accepted test method set to evaluate thermal runaway propagation on energy storage systems. Under the test conditions laid out by UL9540, no single Li-ion based cell is able to meet the minimum requirements for thermal stability and flammable outgassing, since Li-ion electrolytes are inherently flammable. Lithium cell manufacturers avoid some of these issues by designing cell cooling systems, fire suppression systems, and battery pack designs which minimize propagation of fires, at the expense of added system cost and complexity. Finally, Li-ion technology is difficult to recycle and dispose because it contains toxic materials, the cells are difficult to disassemble, and the metals in the electrodes are difficult to separate, making the complete life-cycle management of the product significantly more complex.

There are a number of additional battery technologies utilized in the energy storage industry, such as:

•Flow Battery. Flow batteries store energy electrochemically by pumping electrolyte from storage tanks through a series of cells at high pressure. According to the Lazard LCOS 4.0 Report, flow batteries have an optimal power capacity of between 25 kW — 100 MW and an anticipated useful life of twenty (20) years. Further assessment on this technology using the Lazar LCOS 7.0 Report, generally supports that flow batteries typically have minimal storage capacity degradation and limited potential for fire, while requiring expensive components such as membranes and catalysts and have a comparatively high balance of system, operations and maintenance cost compared to static batteries. Specifically, the raw materials are expensive, and the cost of operation and maintenance are very high. Flow batteries also have reduced efficiency due to high mechanical losses, and high maintenance requirements. They require massive scale to reach competitive cost points which, along with the above, limits applications to niche markets.

•Lead-Acid. Lead-acid batteries are the most commonly utilized battery storage technology, and are the primary battery utilized in automotive vehicles. The Lazard LCOS 4.0 Report notes that they have an optimal power capacity of 1 — 100+ MW and an anticipated useful life of between three and five years. Furthermore, while lead-acid batteries are relatively low cost and can be utilized for multiple purposes, they have a poor depth of discharge, short lifespan, low energy density and a large environmental footprint as compared to other technologies.

Our Solution

Our ZnythTM battery storage systems offer a safe, sustainable and scalable alternative to Li-ion at a lower Levelized Cost of Storage (“LCOS”) for key use cases for our customers.

The key benefits of our solution include:

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•Peak Shifting and Demand Management. Our multi-cycle DC ZnythTM system shifts power to peak hours, with repeated constant power performance using 100% depth of discharge without increased degradation. Li-ion typically limits the depth of discharge to 80-90% due to the impact on accelerating the lithium battery degradation. Additionally, based on our research estimates, even at 80% depth of discharge of a Li-ion battery is expected to lose 2.5% of energy storage capacity per year over its lifetime, compared with 1-2% for our product, resulting in a more favorable degradation curve with estimated operating expense savings at $3/kWh per year. Utilities and end customers can use our batteries to efficiently store excess base-load generation and renewable energy produced during off peak hours. By discharging during peak hours, we eliminate the need for new fossil-based fuel and inefficient peaking generation, thereby reducing carbon emissions drastically. Boundless Impact Research & Analytics performed a climate impact study in November 2020 comparing Eos batteries to traditional battery chemistries such as Li-ion, Lead-Acid, Sodium Sulfur and Vanadium Redox. Eos’s technology achieved the lowest GHG emissions compared to all of the other technologies, notably showing an 84% lower GHG emissions footprint compared to Li-ion from a life-cycle assessment perspective. Additionally, utilities can use the peak shifted energy to postpone or eliminate capital investment, and the end user can reduce their demand charges from the utility.

•Low Maintenance and Minimal Auxiliary Load. Our battery system does not require an HVAC or fire suppression system, resulting in significantly lower expenses associated with operation and maintenance of the battery. This in turn brings significant cost savings to our customers, resulting in a meaningfully improved return on investment for our storage product and up to an approximately 30% reduction in levelized cost of storage. HVAC systems usually represent 9% of delivered energy for Li-ion storage systems to run the cooling fans for the batteries, compared with 2% for our product, resulting in operating expense savings from cooling the batteries of $2/kWh per year, based on our estimates. Additionally, given that our battery does not require an auxiliary electricity load to support HVAC and fire suppression systems, it is able to ride through grid outages, resulting in more reliable energy storage. Comparatively, Li-ion often cannot operate without grid power due to its large auxiliary load needed for HVAC systems.

•Solar/Wind Integration and Shifting. Renewable energy sources such as wind and solar are intermittent, potentially introducing instability into the electric grid and limiting their viability as a firm, consistently dispatchable power source. Our batteries allow utilities and consumers to moderate production and time-shift the produced energy. Our batteries enable solar electricity produced at noon to be stored and deployed as a stable power source during peak demand later in the afternoon. Similarly, wind energy produced overnight can be used to level out peaks in the morning.

•Ancillary Services. Our batteries can be used to bring revenue to our commercial and industrial customers through their participation in the demand response and ancillary markets. The demand response markets are used by utilities to offset grid congestion at certain locations by paying end users for reducing their energy use during congested periods. The ancillary markets are used to stabilize and keep the grid in balance, and end users are paid to either inject energy into the grid or receive power from the grid, thus providing the balance. Our batteries are eligible for entry into demand response and ancillary electricity markets that provide stability to the power grid.

•Performs Across Wide Temperature Range. Our system’s performance is stable from -20o to 50oC without HVAC and has a unique ability to recover from temperatures as high as 70o to 90oC, which might cause other battery technologies such as Li-ion to experience thermal runaway and potential fire or explosion. Data from our cell, battery and system testing shows that round trip efficiency (“RTE”) is stable within 75%+/- 3% across -11o to 41oC. (round-trip efficiency is the ratio of energy put in (in kWh) to energy retrieved from storage (in kWh)). Below is a demonstration of the wide temperature operating range of our battery technology based on data from deployed systems:

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•Resilient system recovering after extreme temperature abuse as high as 90oC. The ZnythTM battery displays resilience after exposure to extreme temperatures, a significant differentiator to Li-ion which requires HVAC and fire suppression, increasing both capital expenditures required for maintenance and the risk of thermal runaway, fire or explosion. Based on our estimates, our low maintenance capabilities result in approximately $1/kWh per year operating expense savings. Below is a demonstration of our battery that was subjected to temperatures exceeding 90oC while being operated. After the battery was allowed to cool to room temperature, the battery returned to its pre-abuse performance.

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•Upside Opportunities. Given that raw materials represent a high percentage of the Eos ZnythTM system’s total cost, we expect the salvage value of the raw materials could offset the cost of system removal and decommissioning at the end of life for our customers. We continue to evaluate and refine recycling cost and estimate that our battery system may have 50% of its original capacity after thirty (30) years of use. We anticipate development of a secondary, after-life market for our batteries in approximately 10 years, which may generate additional revenue for customers or offset other costs.

•Discharge Duration Flexibility. The Eos ZnythTM product is designed to be used as a flexible energy storage product capable of discharge durations ranging from 3 to 12 hours with minimal impact on degradation rate across this operating window. Additionally, the Eos product yields higher discharge energy and round-trip energy efficiency as duration is increased, meaning the chemistry and module design is well suited for applications where discharge duration reaches over 8 hours.

Our Competitive Strengths

Our key competitors are traditional Li-ion battery manufacturers, such as Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd, LG Chem, Ltd., Tesla, Inc, BYD Co. Ltd, Sungrow and Contemporary Amperex Technology Co. Limited. Longer duration competitors include ESS Tech Inc., Lockheed Martin Corporation, Redflow, Gelion, Energy Vault, and Malta.

We believe the following strengths of our business distinguish us from our competitors and position us to capitalize on the expected continued growth in the energy storage market:

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•Differentiated Product. Lithium cells must be kept within a narrow temperature range (25 °C +/- 5 °C), otherwise they are at risk of thermal runaway, potentially leading to fire or explosion. The Eos ZnythTM system has a significantly wider thermal operating range (-20°C to 50°C), which eliminates the need for costly thermal management measures such as HVAC and fire suppression systems. Additionally, the Eos product is a static modular battery design, which eliminates the need for pumps or compressors, both maintenance prone equipment required for flow batteries. Our battery system can charge and discharge at different durations, covering a wide range of use cases. The charge and discharge rates are fixed for Li-ion, and the life of a Li-ion battery can degrade if it is not charged or discharged at the rate for which it was designed.

•Minimal Supply Chain Constraints. All materials for producing our Eos ZnythTM system are widely available commodities with fewer supply chain constraints and minimal competition with EVs. No rare earths or conflict materials are used in the production of our batteries. Additionally, all materials are fully recyclable at end of product life and the recycled material can be sold, which results in net present value savings of $4/kWh versus lithium.

•Proven Technology Solution in the Growing and Evolving Energy Storage Market. We have delivered over 28,000 kWh worth of our systems to customers since inception. As we launched the ZnythTM Gen 2.3 product and are ramping manufacturing up to gigawatt-hours (“GWh”) scale, we believe that we will benefit from the overall growth of the energy storage market, which is expected to reach 1,095 GWh by 2040, as projected by BNEF. From an application perspective, the market is evolving to a long-duration storage market. Our technology is tailored to address such a need. While Li-ion has been optimized for shorter duration, the performance of our batteries improves as it moves towards longer duration (lower c-rates), making us the prime technology for the long-duration storage market.

•Experienced Technology Team Focused on Continuous Innovation. We have successfully introduced three generations of energy storage systems in six years (Gen 1, Gen 2, and Gen 2.3) and plan to release a new generation in early 2023. Gen 1 and Gen 2 were pilot systems that provided us with the field data and experience to optimize the performance and design of Gen 2.3. Our research and development team is responsible for our portfolio of fourteen (14) patent families with over 220 patent applications filed, more than 140 pending, issued or published in thirty-three (33) countries, protecting our technology and system architecture. We believe that our continued investment in Research and Development will enable us to improve efficiency, energy density, functionality, and reliability while reducing the cost of our battery solution. We are also focused on leveraging our technology know-how to improve our battery management system, expanding the operation of our batteries and increasing our overall performance. This same leverage will allow us to optimize our energy management solution to contextualize the operation of the battery based on the application, expanding our customer's ability to use our ZnythTM battery system in a wider set of use-cases.

•Established Global Sales Channels Anchored with Top-Tier Customers. We sell products directly to the electric utility industry and through sales channels to the commercial and industrial market. As we are building our pipeline, during fiscal year 2021, we built relationships with new customers and entered into agreements to provide battery solutions to multiple customers within and outside of the United States. Our average project size also increased, and we booked our first 50+ MWh project with Blue Ridge Power.

•Strong management team. We have assembled an executive team focused on accelerating the commercialization of the next-generation Eos ZnythTM solution. With decades of combined, diverse experience in the energy industry and deep expertise in manufacturing, battery storage and executing complex power and energy projects around the world, our management team is able to develop, manufacture and deliver systems at scale to meet the growing demands of the global storage market.

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Our Products

The Eos ZnythTM system is designed to meet a wide range of requirements in the battery storage industry, including large grid-scale energy storage projects, large and small solar storage projects, commercial or industrial projects, in-building urban projects and eventually the residential market. With a three (3) to twelve (12) hour discharge capability, immediate response time, and modular construction, the Eos ZnythTM system can be scaled and configured to reduce cost and maximize profitability in a wide range of battery storage projects. While the Eos ZnythTM system can be implemented in any configuration required, we offer three standardized configurations: the Eos Cube, which consists of a plug-and-play 20 foot shipping container, the Eos Hangar, a prefabricated building for larger battery storage systems; and the Eos Stack, which is a modular racking system for indoor solutions.

Our innovative Eos Cube packaging comprises a plug-and-play twenty (20) foot standard International Organization for Standardization shipping container which enables flexible options for system installation while significantly lowering the installation cost and accelerating permitting and installation time. The Eos Cube is shipped with batteries and Battery Management System ("BMS") and is factory tested into a standard twenty (20) foot intermodal shipping container allowing for simpler and lower cost installation. Each sub-system includes pre-integrated strings of Eos ZnythTM batteries with DC wiring, DC system protection, support structure, enclosure and Eos BMS. The Eos Cube system integrates Eos ZnythTM batteries in a modular, outdoor-rated enclosure capable of delivering three (3) to twelve (12) hours of continuous discharge at specified power. Each DC system is made up of a containerized Energy Block integrating one hundred and forty-four (144) ZnythTM Batteries and a DC control section. Our proprietary BMS actively monitors the voltage and temperature of each battery in the system, isolates faulty battery strings and provides real-time visibility of battery operating limits.

The Eos Hangar, our large-scale system is designed for large battery storage projects by allowing for what we believe to be the highest "power density to footprint" on the market. The Eos Hangar system is a standard, open span structure with a racking system that allows the modular ZnythTM batteries to be stacked in a tall multilevel configuration, providing increased power density. Because the ZnythTM battery does not require HVAC or special fire suppression systems and is simpler to install, operate and maintain as compared to Li-ion, we believe the Eos Hangar system provides a cost-effective way to implement large ZnythTM battery storage systems. Furthermore, the Eos Hangar system is designed to be used by utilities, independent power producers, solar and wind developers, and is an ideal solution for larger systems above 40MWh.

Our Eos Stack configuration, a modular racking solution is offered primarily for indoor battery storage projects but could be used in a wide range of projects. The safety and modular nature of the ZnythTM battery allows for implementations in basements, on rooftops, or any number of other locations in a building. Customized racks are designed for commercial and industrial customers, as well as system integrators, and would be used for indoor systems that require a modular configuration.

Our Strategy

Since our founding in 2008, we have been on a mission to accelerate the shift to clean energy with positively ingenious solutions that transform how the world stores power. Key elements of our strategy include:

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•Continue to innovate and advance our solutions. We intend to continue to innovate our energy storage systems by developing new and enhanced technologies and solutions. Our innovative spirit extends to our manufacturing ability, which includes a proprietary equipment and process design. We continue to improve our manufacturing process and equipment and to optimize our supply chain and material costs. We believe that our future technology will continue to reduce cost and improve the efficiency and competitiveness of our offerings. We plan to continue to introduce new generations of our technology to increase the adoption of our energy storage systems worldwide.

•Further expand our products and services. We offer remote asset monitoring and optimization services to track the performance and health of our batteries and to proactively identify future system performance. We intend to continue to expand the software functionality by including an onsite controller that integrates with the power control system (inverter), which can be remotely controlled and managed to ensure that the battery system is optimized to the use case for performance and the best economic return. Specifically, we plan on incorporating machine learning, artificial intelligence, data science and optimization algorithms in an Energy Management Software system to enable use cases and create the greatest value to the end user.

•Further expand project related services. We offer to customers the following project related services:

1.Project management. We offer customers project management services to ensure the process of implementing our battery system is managed in conjunction with the overall project plans. We offer each customer project management services for portions of the project and can oversee the entire project from beginning to end. We charge the customer depending on the scope of our involvement.

2.Commissioning of the battery system. We commission our battery system and charge the customer for the commissioning services. The commissioning service ensures that our battery is providing the performance and operations that were committed to the customer.

3.Operations and Maintenance ("O&M"). We offer our customers operational and maintenance plans to keep our battery in top performance. These consist of both remote monitoring of the battery health and performance as well as periodic onsite visits to perform routine maintenance. We intend to continue to expand our O&M services to include 24x7 proactive monitoring and fault detection, not only for the ZnythTMbattery system, but also for the inverter and balance of plant at the project site.

We plan to expand our O&M resources and capabilities to meet our customers’ needs. This expansion will include adding employees to perform the work, as well as contracting and certifying qualified third parties to perform the commissioning, operations and maintenance services.

•Implement near-term cost reduction. We intend to optimize manufacturing for our ZnythTM battery system by insourcing selected services and implementing further automation of the manufacturing process. Through our continued research and development efforts, we also believe we can continue to reduce the amount and cost of material required to manufacture the batteries. We further plan to substitute new materials to reduce cost. We aim to achieve lower prices for certain materials through volume purchasing.

Our Customers

Our customers include renewable power producers and developers like EnerSmart Storage LLC ("EnerSmart"), Renew Akshay Urja PVT. LTD ("ReNew Power"), Carson Hybrid Energy Storage ("CHES") and International Electric Power, LLC ("IEP"), industrial companies such as Motor Oil Corinth Refineries S.A. ("Motor Oil"), utilities companies such as Duke Energy Corporation ("Duke") and San Diego Gas & Electric Company ("SDG&E") as well as microgrid developers like Verdant Microgrid LLC ("Verdant"), Nayo Tropical Technology LTD ("Nayo") and Charge Bliss, Inc. ("Charge Bliss").

During fiscal year 2021, our largest customers were Charge Bliss and Motor Oil, who accounted for 37% and 21% of our revenues, respectively. None of our other customers accounted for more than ten percent of our revenues for the year ended December 31, 2021.

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Intellectual Property

The success of our business depends, in part, on our ability to maintain and protect our proprietary technology, information, processes and know-how. We rely primarily on patent, trademark, copyright and trade secrets laws in the United States and similar laws in other countries, confidentiality agreements and procedures and other contractual arrangements. We have recently filed patents relating to our Gen 2.3 product that are subject to United States Patent and Trademark Office ("USPTO") approval. In 2021, Eos filed two utility applications, two provisional applications, and had seven patents granted. A majority of our patents relate to cell chemistry, architecture and battery mechanical design, system packaging and battery management systems. We continually assess opportunities to seek patent protection for those aspects of our technology, design, methodologies and processes that we believe provide significant competitive advantages. As of December 31, 2021, we had fourteen (14) patent families with over 220 patent applications filed, more than 140 patent pending, issued, or published in thirty-three (33) countries, protecting our technology and system architecture. Our key currently issued patents are scheduled to expire between years 2035 and 2036.

We rely on trade secret protection and confidentiality agreements to safeguard our interests with respect to proprietary know-how that is not patentable and processes for which patents are difficult to enforce. We believe that many key elements of our manufacturing processes involve proprietary know-how, technology or data that are not covered by patents or patent applications, including technical processes, test equipment designs, algorithms and procedures.

All of our research and development personnel have entered into confidentiality and proprietary information agreements with us. These agreements address intellectual property protection issues and require our employees to assign to us all of the inventions, designs and technologies that our personnel develop during the course of their employment.

We also require our customers and business partners to enter into confidentiality agreements before we disclose any sensitive aspects of our technology or business plans.

Competition

The markets for our products are competitive, and we compete with manufacturers of traditional Li-ion and other battery storage systems. Factors affecting customers when choosing from different battery storage systems in the market include:

•product performance and features;

•safety and sustainability;

•total lifetime cost of ownership;

•total product lifespan;

•power and energy efficiency;

•duration of the batteries storage;

•customer service and support; and

•U.S.-based manufacturing and sourced materials.

Our ZnythTM system competes with products from traditional Li-ion battery manufacturers and solution providers such as Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd, LG Chem, Ltd., Tesla, BYD, Sungrow, and Contemporary Amperex Technology Co. Limited. Our longer duration competitors include ESS Inc. and Lockheed Martin. We believe that our ZnythTM battery system offers significant technology, safety and cost advantages that reflect a competitive differentiation over lithium energy storage technologies.

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Regulatory Policy

The United States is one of almost 200 nations that, in December 2015, agreed to an international climate change agreement in Paris, France, that calls for countries to set non-binding greenhouse gas ("GHG") emissions targets and be transparent about the measures each country will use to achieve these targets ("Paris Agreement"). The Paris Agreement was signed by the United States in April 2016 and came into force on November 4, 2016. In August 2017, the U.S. Department of State informed the United Nations of the United States' intent to withdraw from the Paris Agreement, effective November 2020. On January 20, 2021, in one of his first post-inauguration actions, President Biden notified the United Nations of the United States’ intention to rejoin the Paris Agreement, which became effective on February 19, 2021.

Legislation or regulations adopted to address climate change could make lower GHG emitting energy sources, such as solar and wind, more desirable than higher GHG emitting energy sources, such as coal and fuel oil. As a result, climate change regulatory and legislative initiatives that impose more stringent limitations on GHG emissions would potentially increase the demand for energy storage systems.

In the United States and Puerto Rico, geographic distribution of energy storage deployment has been driven by regulatory policy with both federal and state level programs contributing to stable revenue streams for energy storage. Such policies include:

•Federal Energy Regulatory Commission. FERC Order 841 requires eligibility for energy storage in wholesale, capacity and ancillary services markets. FERC Order 841 allows each regional transmission organization and independent system operator to establish its own rules and guidelines for integrating energy storage resources, but does specify that the guidelines must allow storage resources to provide and be compensated for all the services it is technically capable of providing. According to BNEF, markets being enabled by FERC Order 841 may spur the United States back to the top of global storage deployments.

•California. California is expected to lead front-of-the-meter energy storage deployments through 2023, mainly driven by Assembly Bill 2514 procurement targets and investor-owned utilities procuring storage for capacity applications. The California Public Utilities Commission mandated utilities to procure up to 500 MW of behind the meter (“BTM”) storage. Further, growth in California is driven by the Demand Response Auction Mechanism, which creates economic incentives for distributed energy resources to offer their services to utilities and grid energy markets. The California independent systems operator allows wholesale market participation for BTM storage assets which can earn capacity payments and provide ancillary services.

•Massachusetts. Massachusetts set an energy storage procurement target of 1,000 MWh by 2025. The Solar Massachusetts Renewable Target program calls for 1,600 MW of PV, and includes significant incentives paid to solar system owners if paired with storage. The Peak Demand Reduction Grant Program is a $4.7 million Massachusetts Department of Energy Resources initiative designed to test strategies for reducing Massachusetts’ energy usage at times of peak demand. The Massachusetts Department of Energy Resources also published the Clean Peak Energy Standard which is designed to provide incentives to clean energy technologies that can supply electricity or reduce demand during seasonal peak demand periods established by the Department of Energy Resources.

•New York. New York set an energy storage target of 1,500 MW by 2025 (3,000 MW by 2030), 500 MW of which will be commercial and industrial. $400 million in state funding was made available for energy storage projects. The New York State Energy Research and Development Authority must distribute $350 million in market acceleration incentives for energy storage, including for solar-plus-storage projects to jump-start activity and allow projects to access federal tax credits in the near term. NY Green Bank announced $200 million in financing support for energy storage. The Value of Distributed Energy Resources (“VDER”) program also benefits storage, offering greater compensation to resources that can provide capacity during specific hours of the year when the grid has greatest needs.

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•Other. The Midwest, New England, Pacific Northwest states and Puerto Rico have taken the early charge on front-of-the-meter energy storage adoption in the “all others” market category, although we anticipate that states such as Minnesota and Florida, as well as areas in the Southwest Power Pool and the Midcontinent Independent System Operator, will emerge further over the next five years. Puerto Rico issued two tranches of request for proposals for renewables and storage capacity in 2021, with Tranche 1 seeking 2 GWh of storage and Tranche 2 seeking 1 GWh of storage in order to support the island's integrated resource plan; a total of six tranches are planned through the mid-2020s. Under Executive Order 28, the New Jersey Energy Master Plan calls for 17,000 MW of solar energy, 2,500 MW of energy storage by 2035 and 100 percent clean energy by 2050. In Nevada, Senate Bill 204 requires the public utilities commission of Nevada to investigate and establish targets for certain electric utilities to procure energy storage systems while Senate Bill 145 establishes an incentive program for behind-the-meter energy storage within the state’s solar program. In Hawaii, Hawaiian Electric Company, Inc. announced 262 MW of storage across three islands several years back, further establishing its position as a leading market. Illinois passed a clean energy policy in late 2021, which targets 100% carbon-free electricity by 2045 and includes $280.5 million to support the deployment of storage systems at retiring coal plant sites.

Government Incentives

U.S. federal, state, and local government entities, as well as non-U.S. government entities, provide incentives, subsidies, and other support programs for infrastructure improvement and energy transition programs. For example, the U.S. Congress is considering a variety of proposals for tax incentives that will benefit the renewable energy and energy storage industry, including in the form of tax credits. IRS private letter ruling 201809003 clarified that energy storage is eligible for federal tax credits if charged primarily by qualifying renewable resources. In December 2020, the U.S. Congress passed a spending bill that includes $35 billion in energy research and development programs, a two-year extension of the Investment Tax Credit for solar power, a one-year extension of the Production Tax Credit for wind power projects, and an extension through 2025 for offshore wind tax credits.

In the latest Build Back Better Plan under consideration in Congress, several potential tax incentives are designed to promote and reward sourcing materials and manufacturing batteries in the United States. Proposals under consideration include: i) Investment Tax Credits (“ITC”) for purchasers of stationary, stand-alone energy storage systems including: a 6% (six percent) base ITC for energy storage; a 24% (twenty-four percent) ITC if prevailing wage and apprenticeship standards are met; a 10% (ten percent) ITC if domestic content standards are met for projects started before 2025; a 10% (ten percent) ITC for projects in an area where carbon workers are being displaced; and a 10% (ten percent) ITC if the energy storage is a nascent technology, which Eos would qualify under; (ii) extension of the federal solar energy investment tax credit for ten (10) more years; (iii) the consolidation of forty-four (44) federal energy tax incentives into three provisions to award credits for clean electricity, lower emitting transportation fuels and energy efficient offices and homes; and (iv) the allowance of renewable electricity production and investment tax credits to be transferred on a limited basis to any entity involved in a renewable energy project, regardless of whether they have taxable income. There can be no assurance that all or any of the above proposals will be adopted by the U.S. Congress.

Environmental, Social and Governance ("ESG")

Since our founding, Eos has been on a mission to accelerate the shift to clean energy by transforming how the world stores power in a safe, scalable, efficient, and sustainable way. We are committed to advancing global sustainable development through our products, working to systematically grow our business to meet the challenges of the global energy transition and combat the global climate crisis.

Our approach to ESG is tied to our four product themes: safety, scalability, sustainability, and efficiency. As we continue to scale, we remain committed to driving progress across these themes. Our Nominating & Corporate Governance Committee of our Board of Directors oversees ESG matters and our internal ESG Steering Committee drives progress on our ESG strategy and reporting efforts.

Human Capital

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As of December 31, 2021, we had two hundred fifty-one (251) full-time employees. Of these full-time employees, two hundred forty-eight (248) are located in the United States, two (2) in Italy and one (1) in India; fifty (50) were engaged in research and development, one hundred forty-seven (147) in operations and support and fifty-four (54) in selling, general and administrative capacities.

None of our employees are represented by a labor union. We have not experienced any employment-related work stoppages, and we consider relations with our employees to be good.

Our success is based on the focused passion and dedication of our people. We are committed to providing a positive and engaging work environment for our employees and taking an active role in the betterment of the communities in which our employees live and work. Our full-time employees are provided a competitive benefits program, including comprehensive healthcare benefits and a 3% non-elective employer contribution 401(k) plan, equity awards, bonus and incentive pay opportunities, unlimited paid time-off benefits and paid parental leave, wellness programs, and periodic surveys.

Facilities

Our corporate headquarters are located in Edison, New Jersey, in an office consisting of approximately 63,000 square feet of office, testing and product design space. We have a ten (10) year lease on our corporate headquarters, which expires on September 14, 2026.

Our manufacturing facility is located in the Turtle Creek, Pittsburgh area in Pennsylvania. In January 2022, the Company entered into a new lease agreement for a building next to our existing manufacture site. We expect to expand our annual manufacturing capacity from approximately 260 MWh to approximately 800+ MWh in 2022. The leases of the facility expire on December 31, 2026.

We believe that our existing properties are in good condition and are sufficient and suitable for the conduct of our business for the foreseeable future. To the extent we need to increase our footprint as our business grows, we expect that additional space and facilities will be available.

Available Information

Our Annual Report on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K and all amendments to these reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 are available free of charge on our investor website, located at https://investors.eose.com/, as soon as reasonably practicable after they are filed with or furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission. Our reports are also available on the Securities and Exchange Commission's website at https://www.sec.gov/. The information on our website is not, and shall not be deemed to be, a part hereof or incorporated into this or any of our other filings with the SEC.

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

In addition to the factors discussed elsewhere in this Report, the following risks and uncertainties could materially and adversely affect the Company’s business, financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows.

Risk Factors Summary

The following is a summary of the principal risks that could adversely affect our business, operations and financial results.

Risks Related to Our Business and Industry

•We have a history of losses that casts substantial doubt as to our ability to continue as a going concern. We have to deliver on our potential for significant business growth and improved manufacturing processes to achieve sustained, long-term profitability and long-term commercial success.

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•We identified material weaknesses in our internal controls over financial reporting at December 31, 2021 and 2020, and we may identify additional material weaknesses in the future that may cause us to fail to meet our reporting obligations or result in material misstatements of our financial statements. If we fail to remediate these material weaknesses or if we otherwise fail to establish and maintain effective control over financial reporting, our ability to accurately and timely report our financial results could be adversely affected.

•The relatively recent commercialization of our products makes it difficult to evaluate our future prospects.

•If demand for energy storage solutions does not continue to grow or grows at a slower rate than we anticipate, our business and results of operations may be impacted.

•Failure to deliver the benefits offered by our technologies, or the emergence of improvements to competing technologies, could reduce demand for our products and harm our business.

•As we endeavor to expand our business, we will incur significant costs and expenses, which could outpace our cash reserves. Unfavorable conditions or disruptions in the capital and credit markets may adversely impact business conditions and the availability of credit.

•The failure or breach of our IT systems could affect our sales and operations.

•The nature of our business exposes us to potential legal proceedings or claims that could adversely affect our operating results. These claims could conceivably exceed the level of our liability insurance coverage.

Risks Related to Our Products and Manufacturing

•We must obtain Underwriters Laboratories ("UL") and other related certifications for our future generations of product.

•We have limited manufacturing experience and could experience difficulty in producing commercial volumes of the battery storage system.

•We may experience difficulties in establishing manufacturing capacity to scale and in meeting potential cost savings and efficiencies from anticipated improvements to our manufacturing capabilities.

•We may experience delays, disruptions, or quality control problems in our manufacturing operations.

•Defects or performance problems in our products could result in loss of customers, and decreased revenue, as well as warranty, indemnity, and product liability claims.

•We are heavily dependent on third-party suppliers and contractors. Supply chain issues could adversely affect our operations and financial results.

•If we elect to expand our production capacity by constructing one or more new manufacturing facilities, we may encounter challenges relating to the construction, management and operation of such facilities.

•Failure to meet our goals and disclosures related to ESG matters or to keep up with evolving trends, regulations and shareholder expectations relating to ESG issues or reporting could adversely impact our reputation, share price, access to and cost of capital and financial results.

Risks Related to Our Future Growth

•If we fail to manage our recent and future growth effectively, we may be unable to execute our business plan, maintain high levels of customer service, or adequately address competitive challenges.

•We will require additional financing to achieve our long-term goals and a failure to obtain this capital on acceptable terms may adversely impact our ability to support our business growth strategy.

•Our planned expansion into new geographic markets or new product lines or services could subject us to additional business, financial, and competitive risks.

•Our results of operations may fluctuate from quarter to quarter, which could make our future performance difficult to predict and could cause our results of operations for a particular period to fall below expectations, resulting in a decline in the price of our common stock.

•Forecasts of market growth in this Form 10-K may not be accurate.

Risks Related to Our United States and Foreign Operations

•The reduction, elimination or expiration of government subsidies and economic incentives related to renewable energy solutions could reduce demand for our technologies and harm our business.

•Changes in the U.S. trade environment, including the imposition of import tariffs, could adversely affect the amount or timing of our revenues, results of operations or cash flows.

•Supply chain constraints due to the Covid-19 pandemic could affect our ability to deliver product to customers on time.

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•Changes in applicable law, regulations or requirements, or our material failure to comply with any of them, can increase our costs and have other negative impacts on our business.

•We could be adversely affected by any violations of the FCPA, the U.K. Bribery Act, and other foreign anti-bribery laws, as well as violations against export controls and economic embargo regulations.

Risks Related to Intellectual Property

•If we fail to protect, or incur significant costs in defending, our intellectual property and other proprietary rights, then our business and results of operations could be materially harmed.

•Third parties may assert that we are infringing upon their intellectual property rights, which could divert management’s attention, cause us to incur significant costs, and prevent us from selling or using the technology to which such rights relate.

Risk Related to Our Securities

•Provisions in our Charter may inhibit a takeover of us, which could limit the price investors might be willing to pay in the future for our common stock and could entrench management.

•Future resales of common stock may cause the market price of our securities to drop significantly, even if our business is doing well.

•We may redeem the public warrants prior to their exercise at a time that is disadvantageous to such warrant holders, thereby making your public warrants worthless.

•Our stock price may be volatile and may decline regardless of our operating performance.

•There can be no assurance that the warrants will be in the money at the time they become exercisable, and they may expire worthless.

•There can be no assurance that our common stock will be able to comply with the continued listing standards of Nasdaq.

Risk Related to Our Status as a Public Company

•Effective December 31, 2021, we no longer qualify as an “an emerging growth company” and the reduced disclosure requirements applicable to emerging growth companies no longer apply, which has increased our costs and demands on management.

Risk Factors

An investment in our securities involves a high degree of risk. You should carefully consider the risks described below before making an investment decision. Our business, prospects, financial condition, or operating results could be harmed by any of these risks, as well as other risks not known to us or that we consider immaterial as of the date of this Form 10-K. The trading price of our securities could decline due to any of these risks, and, as a result, you may lose all or part of your investment.

Risks Related to Our Business and Industry

We have a history of losses that casts substantial doubt as to our ability to continue as a going concern. We have to deliver on our potential for significant business growth and improved manufacturing processes to achieve sustained, long-term profitability and long-term commercial success.

We have had net losses and negative operating cash flows each fiscal quarter since inception of our business. For the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019, we had $124.2 million, $70.6 million and $79.5 million in net losses, respectively. We expect to continue to incur losses and experience negative operating cash flows for the foreseeable future, as we anticipate continued investment in the development and launch of product with outside capital at the expense of short-term profitability. For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021, the Company concluded that there was substantial doubt about its ability to continue to operate as a going concern for the 12 months following the issuance of these consolidated financial statements.

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Although our available capital has increased substantially with our Merger with BMRG and issuance of convertible notes, we continue to have limited resources relative to certain of our competitors, especially certain Li-ion manufacturers that have a longer history, are part of large multinational corporations and are already operating at a profit. To achieve profitability as well as long-term commercial success, we must continue to execute our plan to expand our business, which will require us to deliver on our existing global sales pipeline in a timely manner, increase our production capacity, improve our cost profile, grow demand for our products, and seize new market opportunities by leveraging our proprietary technology and its manufacturing processes for novel solutions. Failure to do one or more of these things could prevent us from achieving sustained, long-term commercial success.

As we transition from our research and development to early commercialization phase, we expect, based on our sales pipeline, to grow revenues. However, our revenue may not grow as expected for a number of reasons, many of which are outside of our control, including a decline in global demand for battery storage products, increased competition, or our failure to continue to capitalize on growth opportunities. In addition, although we have achieved sales of our products to potential customers, it is not clear to what extent, if any, the products will be profitable and when. The costs of goods associated with production of our battery storage system are significant. While we are working to optimize our supply chain, improve the speed and efficiency of our manufacturing processes, and lower the cost of other input costs such as raw material and conversion costs, there can be no assurance that we will be successful in these efforts. If we are not able to sustain revenue growth, reduce cost and continue to raise the capital necessary to support operations, our failure to achieve or maintain profitability could negatively impact the value of our common stock.

We identified material weaknesses in our internal controls over financial reporting at December 31, 2021 and 2020, and we may identify additional material weaknesses in the future that may cause us to fail to meet our reporting obligations or result in material misstatements of our financial statements. If we fail to remediate these material weaknesses or if we otherwise fail to establish and maintain effective control over financial reporting, our ability to accurately and timely report our financial results could be adversely affected.

Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with GAAP. Our management is likewise required, on a quarterly basis, to evaluate the effectiveness of our internal controls and to disclose any changes and material weaknesses identified through such evaluation in those internal controls. A material weakness is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of our annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis.

As described in Item 9A in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, we have identified a material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting. As a result of this material weakness, our management has concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was not effective as of December 31, 2021. The Company intends to take steps to remediate this material weakness, including increasing the depth and experience within its accounting and finance organization, as well as designing and implementing improved processes and internal controls. However, our efforts to remediate this material weakness may not be effective in preventing a future material weakness or significant deficiency in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. If the Company’s efforts are not successful or other material weaknesses or control deficiencies occur in the future, the Company may be unable to report its financial results accurately and/or on a timely basis, which could cause the Company’s reported financial results to be materially misstated, result in the loss of investor confidence and cause the market price of the Company’s common stock to decline.

We can give no assurance that the measures we have taken or that the Company plans to take in the future will remediate the material weakness identified or that any additional material weaknesses or restatements of financial results will not arise in the future due to a failure to implement and maintain adequate internal control over financial reporting or circumvention of these controls.

The relatively recent commercialization of our products makes it difficult to evaluate our future prospects.

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Since our inception, we have sold only twenty-two (22) Eos ZnythTM DC battery systems to our customers. We began commercializing our products in mid-2018, and while our research and development activities successfully established the efficiency of our chemistry we struggled to incorporate our proven technologies into an effective manufacturing design prior to 2018. Although the relatively long research and development runway has given us the time to refine our designs and optimize our technologies, the latest generation of our products have been brought to market only recently.

Our success will depend on our ability to manufacture products at scale and low cost while timely meeting customers’ demands and overcome any negative perception in the market related to our historical manufacturing challenges, and we may not be able to generate sufficient customer confidence in our latest designs and ongoing product improvements and lower the cost due to economies of scale. Our inability to predict the extent of customer adoption of our proprietary technologies in the already-established traditional energy storage market makes it difficult to evaluate our profitability and future prospects.

If demand for energy storage solutions does not continue to grow or grows at a slower rate than we anticipate, our business and results of operations may be impacted.

Our flagship product, the Eos ZnythTM system, is a ZnythTM battery that can be used as an alternative to Li-ion batteries. Our products have been piloted by eight blue chip utilities and C&I end users. The pilots involved several use cases including solar shifting, peak shaving, price arbitrage, utility ancillary services and microgrids.

The viability and demand for our products, may be affected by many factors outside of our control, including:

•cost competitiveness, reliability and performance of our products compared to Li-ion products;

•levels of investment by end users of energy storage products, which may decrease when economic growth or energy demand slows resulting in a reduction in battery purchases generally;

•expansion of electricity use across the global economy, including growth of the electric vehicle market. If electric vehicles sales slow, thus diminishing the demand for Li-ion, then Li-ion competitors could move capacity to the stationary battery storage market to avoid shutting factories, which could put pressures on pricing in the market;

•strength of the renewable energy industry and associated integration opportunities for our products;

•a favorable regulatory landscape, including: full adoption by the states in the United States of FERC Order 841, which mandates that battery storage can participate in the demand response and ancillary markets; incentives for the implementation of battery storage by state regulators; and adoption by Congress of an investment tax credit for standalone battery storage; and

•the emergence, continuance or success of other alternative energy storage technologies and products.

If we do not manage these risks and overcome these potential difficulties outside of our control successfully, our business and results of operations may suffer.

Failure to deliver the benefits offered by our technologies, or the emergence of improvements to competing technologies, could reduce demand for our products and harm our business.

We believe that, compared to Li-ion batteries, our energy storage solutions offer significant benefits, including the use of widely-available and low-cost materials with no rare earth or toxic components, full recyclability at end-of-life, an over twenty (20) year product life requiring minimal maintenance, and a wide thermal operating range that eliminates the need for fire suppression and HVAC, which would otherwise be required for use with Li-ion batteries.

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However, if our manufacturing costs do not decrease to the extent we intend, or if our expectations regarding the operation, performance, maintenance and disposal of our products are not realized, we could have difficulty marketing our products as a superior alternative to already-established technologies and impact the market reputation and adaptability of our products. In addition, developments of existing and new technologies could improve their cost and usability profile, reducing any relative benefits currently offered by our products which would negatively impact the likelihood of our products gaining market acceptance.

As we endeavor to expand our business, we will incur significant costs and expenses, which could outpace our cash reserves. Unfavorable conditions or disruptions in the capital and credit markets may adversely impact business conditions and the availability of credit.

We expect to incur additional costs and expenses in the future related to the continued development and expansion of our business, including in connection with expanding our manufacturing capabilities to significantly increase production capacity, developing our products, maintaining and enhancing our research and development operations, expanding our sales, marketing, and business development activities in the United States and internationally, and growing our project management, field services and overall operational capabilities for delivering projects. We do not know whether we will be able to reduce our manufacturing cost and grow our revenue rapidly enough to absorb these costs or the extent of these expenses or their impact on our results of operations.

Disruptions in the global capital and credit markets as a result of an economic downturn, economic uncertainty, changing or increased regulation, or failures of significant financial institutions could adversely affect our customers’ ability to access capital and could adversely affect our access to liquidity needed for business in the future. Our business could be hurt if we are unable to obtain additional capital as required, resulting in a decrease in our revenues and profitability.

The loss of one or more members of our senior management team or other key personnel or our failure to attract additional qualified personnel may adversely affect our business and our ability to achieve our anticipated level of growth.

The Company’s Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors is committed to working with the management to design compensation plans that attract, retain and motivate the Company’s executives and support business objectives that create shareholder value. In addition, the Board of Directors have implemented procedures for planning for the effective succession of senior management and key personnel. However, we still depend on the experience of our senior management team, including our chief executive officer, chief financial officer and chief accounting officer, and other key personnel, each of whom would be difficult to replace in the event of an unforeseen departure from the Company. Despite successfully managing recent turnover, the loss of any such personnel could have a material adverse effect on our business and our ability to implement our business strategy. All of our employees, including our senior management, are free to terminate their employment relationships with us at any time. We do not maintain key-person insurance for any of our employees, including senior management. In addition, changes and replacement, as well as transition in senior executive leadership could adversely affect our relationships with clients, customers, and employees. We must successfully integrate new key personnel whom we hire within our organization in order to achieve our operating objectives.

Additionally, our ability to attract qualified personnel, including senior management and key technical personnel, is critical to the execution of our growth strategy. Competition for qualified senior management personnel and highly skilled individuals with technical expertise is extremely intense. We face and are likely to continue to face challenges identifying, hiring, and retaining qualified personnel in all areas of our business. In addition, integrating new employees into our team could prove disruptive to our operations, require substantial resources and management attention, and ultimately prove unsuccessful. Our failure to attract and retain qualified senior management and other key technical personnel could limit or delay our strategic efforts, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, and prospects.

Third parties might attempt to gain unauthorized access to our network or seek to compromise our products and services.

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From time to time, we may face attempts by others to gain unauthorized access through various forms of the Internet or try to introduce malicious software to our IT systems. We or our products may be a target of computer hackers, organizations or malicious attackers who attempt to:

•gain access to our network or data centers or those of our customers;

•steal proprietary information related to our business, products, employees, and customers; or

•or interrupt our infrastructure or those of our customers.

To date, no attempts have resulted in any material adverse impact to our business or operations; however, there can be no guarantee that such intrusions will not be material in the future. While we seek to detect and investigate all unauthorized attempts and attacks against our network and products, and to prevent their recurrence where practicable through changes to our internal processes and tools and/or changes to our products, we remain potentially vulnerable to additional known or unknown threats. In addition to intentional third-party cybersecurity breaches, the integrity and confidentiality of company and customer data may be compromised as a result of human error, product defects, or technological failures. Cybersecurity breaches, whether successful or unsuccessful, and other IT system interruptions, including those resulting from human error and technological failures, could result in us incurring significant costs related to, for example, rebuilding internal systems, reduced inventory value, providing modifications to our products and services, defending against litigation, responding to regulatory inquiries or actions, paying damages, or taking other remedial steps with respect to third parties.

The failure or breach of our IT systems could affect our sales and operations.

Our IT infrastructure is currently managed by a third party Managed Services Provider ("MSP"). While we regularly review the cybersecurity tools and other security protection provided by this MSP, this MSP regularly runs intrusion and other security tests on services provided to us, there can be no guarantee that a failure or breach of such systems will not occur. We operate a number of IT systems throughout our business that could fail for a variety of reasons, including the threats of unauthorized intrusions and attackers. If such failures were to occur, we may not be able to sufficiently recover to avoid the loss of data or any adverse impact on our operations that are dependent on such IT systems. This could result in lost sales as we may not be able to meet the demands for our product.

Furthermore, because our IT systems are essential for the exchange of information both internally and in communicating with third parties, including our suppliers and manufacturers, cybersecurity breaches could potentially lead to the unauthorized release of sensitive, confidential or personal data or information, improper use of our systems, or, unauthorized access, use, disclosure, modification or destruction of information or defective products. If these cybersecurity breaches continue, our operations and ability to communicate both internally and with third parties may be negatively impacted. Additionally, if we try to remediate our cybersecurity problems, we could face significant unplanned costs or capital investments and any damage or interruption could have a material adverse effect on our reputation, business, financial condition, and results of operations.

We may not be able to identify or complete transactions with attractive acquisition candidates. Future acquisitions may result in significant transaction expenses and we may incur significant costs. We may experience integration and consolidation risks associated with these future acquisitions.

We may from time to time selectively pursue on an opportunistic basis acquisitions of additional businesses that complement our existing business and footprint. The success of any such growth strategy would depend, in part, on selecting strategic acquisition candidates at attractive prices and effectively integrating their businesses into our own, including with respect to financial reporting and regulatory matters. There can be no assurance that we will be able to identify attractive acquisition candidates or complete the acquisition of any identified candidates at favorable prices and upon advantageous terms and conditions, including financing alternatives.

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We may not have sufficient management, financial and other resources to integrate and consolidate any future acquisitions. Any significant diversion of management’s attention or any major difficulties encountered in the integration of the businesses we acquire could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations, which could decrease our profitability and make it more difficult for us to grow our business. Among other things, these integration risks could include:

•the loss of key employees;

•the disruption of operations and business;

•the retention or transition of customers and vendors;

•the integration of corporate cultures and maintenance of employee morale;

•inability to maintain and increase competitive presence;

•customer loss and revenue loss;

•possible inconsistencies in standards, control procedures and policies;

•problems with the assimilation of new operations, sites or personnel, which could divert resources from our regular operations;

•integration of financial reporting and regulatory reporting functions; and/or

•potential unknown liabilities.

In addition, general economic conditions or unfavorable capital and credit markets could affect the timing and extent to which we can successfully acquire or integrate new businesses, which could limit our revenues and profitability.

The nature of our business exposes us to potential legal proceedings or claims that could adversely affect our operating results. These claims could conceivably exceed the level of our liability insurance coverage.

We are a party to lawsuits in the normal course of our business. Litigation can be expensive, lengthy and disruptive to normal business operations. Moreover, the results of complex legal proceedings are difficult to predict. Responding to lawsuits brought against us, or legal actions that we may initiate, can be expensive and time-consuming. Unfavorable outcomes from these claims and/or lawsuits could adversely affect our business, results of operations, or financial condition, and we could incur substantial monetary liability and/or be required to change our business practices.

Our business may expose us to claims for personal injury, death or property damage resulting from the use of our products or from employee related matters. Additionally, we could be subject to potential litigation associated with compliance with various laws and governmental regulations at the federal, state or local levels, such as those relating to the protection of persons with disabilities, employment, health, safety, security and other regulations under which we operate.

The Company is currently under investigation by the U.S. Department of Justice (“DOJ”) for underpayment of certain custom duties from the past years for the imports of supplies from international vendors. As of the date of this report, no complaint has been filed against the Company. The Company accrued $0.4 million for the probable loss included in accrued expenses on the consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2021.

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We carry comprehensive insurance, subject to deductibles, at levels we believe are sufficient to cover existing and future claims made during the respective policy periods. However, we may be exposed to multiple claims, and, as a result, could incur significant out-of-pocket costs before reaching the deductible amount, which could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations. In addition, the cost of such insurance policies may increase significantly upon renewal of those policies as a result of general rate increases for the type of insurance we carry as well as our historical experience and experience in our industry. Although we have not experienced any material losses that were not covered by insurance, our existing or future claims may exceed the coverage level of our insurance, and such insurance may not continue to be available on economically reasonable terms, or at all. If we are required to pay significantly higher premiums for insurance, are not able to maintain insurance coverage at affordable rates or must pay amounts in excess of claims covered by our insurance, then we could experience higher costs that could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.

Labor disputes could disrupt our ability to serve our customers and/or lead to higher labor costs.

As of December 31, 2021, we had two hundred fifty-one (251) full-time employees, none of whom are represented by unions or covered by collective bargaining agreements. If a union sought to organize any of our employees, such organizing efforts or collective bargaining negotiations could potentially lead to work stoppages and/or slowdowns or strikes by certain of our employees, which could adversely affect our ability to serve our customers. Further, settlement of actual or threatened labor disputes or an increase in the number of our employees covered by collective bargaining agreements can have unknown effects on our labor costs, productivity and flexibility.

Risks Related to Our Products and Manufacturing

We must obtain Underwriters Laboratories ("UL") and other related certifications for our future generations of product.

Our Gen 2.3 product has received Underwriters Laboratories ("UL") 1973 certification and has been tested for UL 9540A. Based on these North American certifications, we also intend to expand our Gen 2.3 product certification to other national standards such as European Conformity (“CE”) marking in the European Union and the international certification of the International Electrotechnical Commission (“IEC”). We also intend to obtain the UL certification and all applicable safety standards for our future products. Failure to obtain UL, IEC or CE certification would have a significant impact on our revenues, as such certifications are required by most of our customers. As Battery Storage is a relatively new market segment, additional rules will be introduced and regulation changes will occur. We must continue to adapt and ensure conformity to new standards and regulations introduced in the market.

Compared to traditional energy storage technologies, our products have less power density and roundtrip efficiency and may be considered inferior to competitors’ products.

Traditional Li-ion batteries offer higher power density and a lower self-discharge rate than our batteries. If customers were to place greater value on power density and efficient power delivery over the numerous other advantages of our technologies, including the widely available and low-cost materials with no rare earth components, full recyclability at end-of-life, an over 20 (twenty) year product life requiring minimal maintenance, and a wide thermal operating range that eliminates the need for fire suppression and HVAC, then we could have difficulty positioning our batteries as a viable alternative to traditional Li-ion batteries and our business would suffer.

We have limited manufacturing experience and could experience difficulty in producing commercial volumes of the battery storage system

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We have limited experience in commercial manufacturing of the battery storage system. On August 21, 2019, we entered into a joint venture agreement with Holtec Power, Inc (“Holtec”) and formed HI-POWER, which was owned 51% by Holtec and 49% by us. HI-POWER's operation was jointly overseen by the board of directors including two members from Holtec and two members from Eos, until we acquired the 51% equity interest owned by Holtec in April 2021. Because we have limited prior commercial manufacturing experience, we may incur manufacturing inefficiencies, delays or interruptions. Our current manufacturing and testing processes do not require significant technological or production process expertise. However, any change in our processes could cause one or more production errors, requiring a temporary suspension or delay in our production line until the errors can be researched, identified, and properly addressed and rectified. This may occur particularly as we introduce new products, modify our engineering and production techniques, and/or expand our capacity. In addition, our failure to maintain appropriate quality assurance processes could result in increased product failures, loss of customers, increased warranty reserve, decreased production, and logistical costs and delays. Any of these developments could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

We may experience difficulties in establishing manufacturing capacity to scale and in meeting potential cost savings and efficiencies from anticipated improvements to our manufacturing capabilities.

To date, we have only manufactured batteries in limited quantities for R&D activities and to a limited extent for commercial customers. The output achieved to date is a fraction of what the Company expects will be necessary for full commercialization and to meet the demand we see in the market for our product. The manufacturing process for commercial scale is still being refined and improved. There are risks associated with scaling up manufacturing to commercial volumes including, among others, technical or other problems with process scale-up, process reproducibility, stability issues, quality consistency, timely availability of raw materials and cost overruns. There is no assurance that we will be successful in establishing a larger-scale commercial manufacturing process that achieves our objectives for manufacturing capacity and cost per battery, in a timely manner or at all. If we are unable to produce sufficient quantities of product for commercialization on a timely basis and in a cost-effective manner, the Company's commercialization efforts would be impaired which could materially affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and growth prospects.

We may experience delays, disruptions, or quality control problems in our manufacturing operations.

The ongoing Covid-19 pandemic has caused significant uncertainty in the United States and global economies as well as the markets we serve and could adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.

The Covid-19 pandemic continues to spread throughout the United States and in various parts of the world and has resulted in authorities implementing numerous measures to contain the virus, including travel bans and restrictions, quarantines, shelter-in-place orders, and business limitations and shutdowns. We have experienced disruption in supply and logistics, raw material price increase due to inflation, customers readiness delay and labor shortage as a result of Covid-19, although the impact has not been significant to us. We remain unable to accurately predict the full impact that Covid-19 will have on our results of operations, financial condition, liquidity and cash flows due to numerous uncertainties, including the duration and severity of the pandemic and containment measures as the ultimate impact of Covid-19 on our operations and financial performance depends on many factors that are not within our control, including: the duration, scope and severity of the pandemic, including the impact of variants and resurgences; the development, availability and public acceptance of effective treatments or vaccines; governmental, business and individuals’ actions that have been and continue to be taken in response to the pandemic; general economic uncertainty in global markets and financial market volatility; global economic conditions and levels of economic growth; and the pace of recovery when the Covid-19 pandemic subsides.

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To support the health and well-being of our employees, customers, partners and communities, since approximately June 10, 2020, all of our non-essential employees have been working a hybrid model of on-site and remote-based work or have moved to fully remote. This represents approximately 78% of our non-essential workforce. In addition, we understand that the employees of many of our customers are working remotely, which may delay the timing of some orders as well as shipments and cash collections. There can be no guarantee that disruptions, such as staff not being allowed to enter our manufacturing facility or our supply chain being disrupted, to our operations caused by Covid-19 will not result in inefficiencies, delays and additional costs in our product development, sales, marketing, and customer service efforts that we cannot fully mitigate through remote or other alternative work arrangements.

More generally, the pandemic raises the possibility of an extended global economic downturn and has caused volatility in financial markets, which could affect demand for our products and services and impact our results and financial condition even after the pandemic is contained and the shelter-in-place orders are lifted. For example, we may be unable to collect receivables from those customers significantly impacted by Covid-19. Also, a decrease in orders in a given period could negatively affect our revenues in future periods, particularly if experienced on a sustained basis. The pandemic may also have the effect of heightening many of the other risks described in these “Risk Factors”, particularly those risks associated with our customers and supply chain.

We may not have sufficient insurance coverage to cover business continuity.

We rely on a single manufacturing site in Turtle Creek, Pennsylvania to manufacture the products to our customers. As a result, a sustained or repeated interruption in the manufacturing of our products due to labor shortage, fire, flood, war, pandemic, or natural disasters may interfere with our ability to manufacture our products and fulfill customers’ demands in a timely manner. Failure to manufacture our products and meet customer demands would impair our ability to generate revenues which would adversely affect our financial results.

Defects or performance problems in our products could result in loss of customers, reputational damage, and decreased revenue, facing warranty, indemnity, and product liability claims that may arise from defective products.

Since our inception, our business objectives have been focused on producing a safe, low-cost grid-scale energy storage solution to meet the increasing demand for and adoption of renewable energy generation assets. The current Gen 2.3 battery design has after years of research and prototype development resulted in robust control of cell-to-cell spacing using a method which can easily be scaled for mass manufacturing at low cost.

Although our latest Gen 2.3 products meet our stringent quality requirements, they may contain undetected errors or defects, especially when first introduced or when new generations of products are released. Errors, defects, or poor performance can arise due to design flaws, defects in raw materials or components or manufacturing difficulties, which can affect the quality of our products. Any actual or perceived errors, defects, or poor performance in our products could result in the replacement or recall of our products, shipment delays, rejection of our products, damage to our reputation, lost revenue, diversion of our engineering personnel from our product development efforts, and increases in customer service and support costs, all of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

Furthermore, defective components may give rise to warranty, indemnity, or product liability claims against us that exceed any revenue or profit we receive from the affected products. Our product comes with a initial two (2) year manufacturing warranty, based on the use case of the customer and normal system degradation expected from such use case. We also offer customers an extended performance warranty of up to twenty (20) years at an additional cost to the customer. The price charged for any such extended warranty is based on the use case of the customer and the additional performance that such customer wishes to ensure. For extended warranties, this may require system augmentation or battery replacements, which would be provided at no additional charge beyond the price of the extended warranty paid by such customer.

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While we accrued reserves for warranty claims, our estimated warranty costs for previously sold products may change to the extent future products are not compatible with earlier generation products under warranty. Our warranty accruals are based on various assumptions, which are based on a short operating history. As a result, these assumptions could prove to be materially different from the actual performance of our systems, causing us to incur substantial unanticipated expense to repair or replace defective products in the future or to compensate customers for defective products. Our failure to accurately predict future claims could result in unexpected volatility in, and have a material adverse effect on, our financial condition.

If one of our products were to cause injury to someone or cause property damage, including as a result of product malfunctions, defects, or improper installation, we could be exposed to product liability claims. We could incur significant costs and liabilities if we are sued and if damages are awarded against us. Further, any product liability claim we face could be expensive to defend and could divert management’s attention. The successful assertion of a product liability claim against us could result in potentially significant monetary damages, penalties or fines, subject us to adverse publicity, damage our reputation and competitive position, and adversely affect sales of our products. In addition, product liability claims, injuries, defects, or other problems experienced by other companies in the battery industry could lead to unfavorable market conditions for the industry as a whole and may have an adverse effect on our ability to attract new customers, thus harming our growth and financial performance.

We are heavily dependent on third-party suppliers and contractors. Supply chain issues could adversely affect our operations and financial results.

We are heavily dependent on third-party suppliers and contractors and their ability to deliver sufficient quantities of key components, products and services at reasonable prices and in time for us to meet schedules for the delivery of our products and services. In addition, our operations depend on our ability to anticipate and our suppliers’ ability to fulfill, our needs for sufficient quantities of key components and products. Given the diverse distribution of our suppliers and contract manufacturers, and the long lead times required to manufacture, assemble and deliver our products, problems could arise in production, planning and inventory management, and regulatory compliance that could seriously harm our business. Third-party suppliers may have limited financial resources to withstand challenging business conditions, particularly as a result of the impact from Covid-19. Suppliers are facing global supply chain challenges, such as truck shortages, container delays, raw materials, etc. While we have taken several initiatives to mitigate the effects of Covid-19, our business could be negatively impacted if key suppliers are forced to cease or limit their operations.

If we elect to expand our production capacity by constructing one or more new manufacturing facilities, we may encounter challenges relating to the construction, management and operation of such facilities.

We currently operate our manufacturing facility located in Pennsylvania. We may, however, seek to construct one or more manufacturing facilities designed to meet our product supply needs in the future. Although we currently believe that we can expand our Turtle Creek facility to a 800 megawatt-hour (“MWh”) manufacturing facility in 2022, we cannot provide any assurances that we would be able to successfully establish or operate a new manufacturing facility in a timely or profitable manner, or at all, or within any budget that might be forecasted for such a project. The construction of any such facility would require significant capital expenditures and result in significantly increased fixed costs. If we are unable to transition manufacturing operations to any such new facilities in a cost-efficient and timely manner, then we may experience disruptions in operations, which could negatively impact our business and financial results. Further, if the demand for our products decreases or if we do not produce the expected output after any such new facility is operational, we may not be able to spread a significant amount of our fixed costs over the production volume, thereby increasing our per product fixed cost, which would have a negative impact on our financial condition and results of operations.

Our ability to expand our manufacturing capacity would also greatly depend on our ability to hire, train and retain an adequate number of manufacturing employees, in particular employees with the appropriate level of knowledge, background and skills. Should we be unable to hire such employees, our business and financial results could be negatively impacted.

We could incur substantial costs as a result of violations of, or liabilities under, environmental laws.

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Our properties, operations and the products we manufacture are subject to a number of environmental, health and safety laws and regulations in each of the jurisdictions in which we operate. These laws and regulations govern, among other things, air emissions, water discharges, handling and disposal of solid and hazardous substances and wastes, soil and groundwater contamination, employee health and safety and the content of products. Under certain of these laws and regulations, we may be subject to joint and several liability for environmental investigations and cleanups, including at properties that we currently or previously owned or operated, or at sites at which waste we generated was disposed, even if the contamination was not caused by us or was legal at the time it occurred.Our failure to comply with these environmental, health and safety laws and regulations, including failing to obtain any necessary permits, could cause us to incur substantial civil or criminal fines or penalties or enforcement actions, including regulatory or judicial orders enjoining or curtailing our operations or requiring us to conduct or fund remedial or corrective measures, install pollution control equipment or perform other actions. The future identification of presently unidentified environmental conditions, more vigorous enforcement by regulatory agencies, enactment of more stringent laws, regulations or permit requirements, including relating to climate change, or other unanticipated events may arise in the future and give rise to environmental liabilities, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Failure to meet our goals and disclosures related to ESG matters or to keep up with evolving trends, regulations and shareholder expectations relating to ESG issues or reporting could adversely impact our reputation, share price, access to and cost of capital and financial results.

We have established goals and strategies related to ESG matters, see "Business -- Environmental, Social & Governance." These goals and strategies reflect our current plans and aspirations and are not guarantees that we will be able to achieve them. Our efforts to accomplish and accurately report on these goals and objectives present numerous operational, reputational, financial, legal and other risks, any of which could have a material negative impact, including on our reputation and the market price of our common stock.

Further, certain institutional investors, investor advocacy groups, investment funds, creditors, influential financial markets participants and other stakeholders have become increasingly focused on companies' ESG issues in evaluating their investments and business relationships. Certain organizations also provide ESG ratings, scores and benchmarking studies that assess companies' ESG practices. Although there are no universally accepted standards for such ratings, scores or benchmarking studies, they are used by some investors to inform their investment and voting decisions. It is possible that our future shareholders or organizations that report on, rate or score ESG practices will not be satisfied with our ESG strategy or performance. Unfavorable press about or ratings or assessments of our ESG strategies or practices, regardless of whether or not we comply with applicable legal requirements, may lead to negative investor sentiment toward us, which could have a negative impact on our share price and our access to and cost of capital.

In addition, the adoption of new ESG-related regulations applicable to our business, or pressure from key stakeholders to comply with additional voluntary ESG-related initiatives or frameworks, could require us to make substantial investments in ESG matters, which could impact the results of our operations. Decisions or related investments in this regard could affect consumer perceptions as to our brand. Furthermore, if our competitors' corporate responsibility or ESG performance is perceived to be better than ours, potential or current investors may elect to invest with our competitors instead. We could also fail, or be perceived to fail, in our achievement of any announced ESG initiatives, goals or objectives, or we could be criticized for the scope of such initiatives, goals or objectives. If we fail to satisfy the expectations of investors and other key stakeholders or our initiatives, goals or objectives are not executed as planned, our reputation, financial results and market price of our common stock and access to and cost of capital could be materially and adversely affected.

Risks Related to Our Future Growth

If we fail to manage our recent and future growth effectively, we may be unable to execute our business plan, maintain high levels of customer service, or adequately address competitive challenges.

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We have experienced significant growth in recent periods and intend to continue to expand our business significantly within existing and new markets. This growth has placed, and any future growth may place, a significant strain on our management, operational, and financial infrastructure. In particular, we will be required to expand, train, and manage our growing employee base and scale and otherwise improve our information technology (“IT”) infrastructure in tandem with that headcount growth. Our management will also be required to maintain and expand our relationships with customers, suppliers, and other third parties and attract new customers and suppliers, as well as manage multiple geographic locations.

Our current and planned operations, personnel, customer support, IT, information systems, and other systems and procedures might be inadequate to support future growth and may require us to make additional unanticipated investments in its infrastructure. Our success and ability to further scale our business will depend, in part, on our ability to manage these changes in a cost-effective and efficient manner. If we cannot manage our growth, we may be unable to take advantage of market opportunities, execute our business strategies, or respond to competitive pressures. This could also result in declines in quality or customer satisfaction, increased costs, difficulties in introducing new offerings, or other operational difficulties. Any failure to effectively manage growth could adversely impact our business and reputation.

Our growth prospects depend on our ability to capitalize on market opportunities.

We believe that a number of market opportunities could help fuel our growth prospects, including the following:

•the pervasiveness of electric grid congestion, creating an opportunity to deploy batteries to reduce the peak energy usage of a customer in specific locations where infrastructure constraints create a need for transmission and/or distribution upgrades;

•the demand for co-location of battery assets on solar or wind farms to store off-peak intermittent renewable energy production and provide on-peak energy at the higher price of alternative energy;

•C&I end users’ adoption of alternative energy generation technologies to supplement or replace on-the-grid energy usage; and

•carbon reduction targets and lower prices from renewables may be forcing earlier retirement of conventional energy sources and drive demand for energy storage.

If these expected market opportunities do not materialize, or if we fail to capitalize on them, then we may not be able to meet our growth projections.

We will require additional financing to achieve our long-term goals and a failure to obtain this capital on acceptable terms may adversely impact our ability to support our business growth strategy.

We intend to continue to make investments to support our business and will require additional funds. In particular, we will require additional funds to develop new products and enhance existing products, expand our operations, including our sales and marketing organizations and our presence outside of the United States, improve our infrastructure or acquire complementary businesses, technologies, products and other assets. Accordingly, we anticipate that equity or debt financings to secure additional funds will be necessary and we intend to pursue such financing to support our business strategy. If we raise additional funds through future issuances of equity or convertible debt securities, our stockholders could suffer significant dilution, and any new equity securities we issue could have rights, preferences and privileges superior to those of holders of our common stock. Any debt financing that we may secure in the future could involve restrictive covenants relating to our capital raising activities and other financial and operational matters, which may make it more difficult for us to obtain additional capital and to pursue business opportunities. We may not be able to obtain additional financing on terms favorable to us, if at all. If we are unable to obtain adequate financing when we require it, our ability to continue to support our business growth, scale our infrastructure, develop product enhancements and to respond to business challenges could be significantly impaired, and our business, results of operations and financial condition may be adversely affected.

Our planned expansion into new geographic markets or new product lines or services could subject us to additional business, financial, and competitive risks.

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During the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019, we sold our products in a number of different countries, including the United States, India, Greece, and Nigeria. We have in the past, and may in the future, evaluate opportunities to expand into new geographic markets and introduce new product offerings and services that are a natural extension of our existing business. We also may from time to time engage in acquisitions of businesses or product lines with the potential to strengthen our market position, enable us to enter attractive markets, expand our technological capabilities, or provide synergy opportunities.

Our success operating in these new geographic or product markets, or in operating any acquired business, will depend on a number of factors, including our ability to develop solutions to address the requirements of the electric utility industry and C&I end users, our timely qualification and certification of new products, our ability to manage increased manufacturing capacity and production, and our ability to identify and integrate any acquired businesses.

Further, any additional markets that we may enter could have different characteristics from the markets in which we currently sell products, and our success will depend on our ability to adapt properly to these differences. These differences may include regulatory requirements, including tax laws, trade laws, labor regulations, tariffs, export quotas, customs duties, or other trade restrictions, limited or unfavorable intellectual property protection, international, political or economic conditions, restrictions on the repatriation of earnings, longer sales cycles, warranty expectations, product return policies and cost, performance and compatibility requirements. In addition, expanding into new geographic markets will increase our exposure to presently existing and new risks, such as fluctuations in the value of foreign currencies and difficulties and increased expenses in complying with United States and foreign laws, regulations, and trade standards, including the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977, as amended (the “FCPA”).

Failure to develop and introduce these new products successfully into the market, to successfully integrate acquired businesses or to otherwise manage the risks and challenges associated with our potential expansion into new product and geographic markets, could adversely affect our revenues and our ability to sustain profitability.

Our results of operations may fluctuate from quarter to quarter, which could make our future performance difficult to predict and could cause our results of operations for a particular period to fall below expectations, resulting in a decline in the price of our common stock.

Revenue from our battery sales is primarily recorded upon transfer of ownership of the product to the customer. Under our customer contracts, this transfer typically takes place upon shipment of the battery from our manufacturing facility but, in some instances, occurs upon delivery to a customer site or, even more infrequently, when commercial operation commences. Because our revenues are generally derived from sales of hardware that may take many months to manufacture and prepare for delivery, such revenue can come in peaks and troughs based on the underlying customer arrangements. As a result, our quarterly results of operations are difficult to predict and may fluctuate significantly in the future based on the timing of product deliveries.

Risks Related to Our United States and Foreign Operations

The reduction, elimination or expiration of government subsidies and economic incentives related to renewable energy solutions could reduce demand for our technologies and harm our business.

To promote renewable energy generation and consumption, federal, state, local and foreign government bodies provide incentives to owners, end users, distributors, system integrators and manufacturers of alternative energy systems in the form of rebates, tax credits and other financial incentives such as system performance payments, payments of renewable energy credits associated with renewable energy generation and exclusion of certain renewable energy systems from property tax assessments.

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Our business relies, in part, on the co-location of battery assets with solar and wind technologies. The market for on-grid applications, where solar or wind power is used to supplement a customer’s electricity purchased from the utility network or sold to a utility under tariff, often depends in large part on the availability and size of government and economic incentives that vary by geographic market. The reduction, elimination or expiration of government subsidies and economic incentives for on-grid solar electricity may negatively affect the competitiveness of alternative electricity generation relative to conventional and nonsolar renewable sources of electricity and could harm or halt the growth of the alternative electricity industries. Because our C&I end user sales are generally expected to be made into the on-grid market, these changes could harm our business. For example, in 2015 the U.S Congress passed a multi-year extension to the solar Investment Tax Credit (“ITC”), which extension helped grow the U.S solar market. As of January 1, 2020, the ITC is being gradually reduced from thirty percent (30%) to twenty-six percent (26%) for both residential and commercial in 2020 and is expected to reach ten percent (10%) for commercial only in 2022. In December 2020, the Congress passed the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021 which extended the 26% credit for two years until January 1, 2023 and the applicability of the 22% credit for another year until January 1, 2024. If the ITC would not be extended any further, the reduction in the ITC could reduce the demand for solar energy solutions in the United States, which would have an adverse impact on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

In general, subsidies and incentives may expire on a particular date, end when the allocated funding is exhausted or be reduced or terminated as solar energy adoption rates increase or as a result of legal challenges, the adoption of new statutes or regulations or the passage of time. These reductions or terminations often occur without warning.

In addition, several jurisdictions have adopted renewable portfolio standards, which mandate that a certain portion of electricity delivered by utilities to customers come from a set of eligible renewable energy resources by a certain compliance date. Some programs further specify that a portion of the renewable energy quota must be from solar electricity. Under some programs, a utility can receive a “credit” for renewable energy produced by a third party by either purchasing the electricity directly from the producer or paying a fee to obtain the right to renewable energy generated but used by the generator or sold to another party. A renewable energy credit allows the utility to add this electricity to its renewable portfolio requirement total without actually expending the capital for generating facilities. However, there can be no assurances that such policies will continue.

If the foregoing or any other subsidies and incentives applicable to alternative energy implementation or usage are reduced or eliminated, or the regulatory landscape otherwise becomes less favorable, then there could be reduced demand for alternative energy solutions, which could have an adverse impact on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

Changes in the U.S. trade environment, including the imposition of import tariffs, could adversely affect the amount or timing of our revenues, results of operations or cash flows.

We currently procure the felt required for our batteries and the electrical cables for the Eos Cube from China, as we believe that the materials procured from our Chinese suppliers currently have the best overall performance and price compared to domestic alternatives. Trade tensions between the United States and China have led to certain increased tariffs and trade restrictions. There can be no guarantee that these developments will not negatively impact the price of the felt used in our products. We believe we could obtain a similar performing felt and electrical cabling in the United States, but such sources would likely also charge a higher cost than our current suppliers, which would negatively impact our gross margins. It is difficult to predict what further trade-related actions governments may take, which may include additional or increased tariffs and trade restrictions, and we may be unable to quickly and effectively react to such actions, which could result in supply shortages and increased costs.

We have operations in the United States, which exposes us to multiple federal, state and local regulations. Changes in applicable law, regulations or requirements, or our material failure to comply with any of them, can increase our costs and have other negative impacts on our business.

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Applicable laws and requirements address multiple aspects of our operations, such as worker safety, consumer rights, privacy, employee benefits and more, and can often have different requirements in different jurisdictions. Changes in these requirements, or any material failure to comply with them, could increase our costs, affect our reputation, limit our business, drain management’s time and attention or otherwise, generally impact our operations in adverse ways.

We could be adversely affected by any violations of the FCPA, the U.K. Bribery Act, and other foreign anti-bribery laws, as well as violations against export controls and economic embargo regulations.

The FCPA prohibits companies and their intermediaries from making improper payments to foreign government officials for the purpose of obtaining or retaining business. Other countries in which we operate also have anti-bribery laws, some of which prohibit improper payments to government and nongovernment persons and entities. Our policies mandate compliance with these anti-bribery laws. However, we currently operate in and intend to further expand into, many parts of the world that have experienced governmental corruption to some degree and, in certain circumstances, strict compliance with anti-bribery laws may conflict with local customs and practices. In addition, due to the level of regulation in our industry and related energy industries, our entry into certain jurisdictions may require substantial government contact where norms can differ from U.S. standards. Although we expect to maintain strict internal control policies and procedures designed to guard against improper conduct, there can be no guarantee that our employees, agents, and business partners will not take actions in violation of our internal control policies. In the event that we believe or have reason to believe that our employees or agents have or may have violated applicable laws, including anti-corruption laws, we may be required to investigate or have outside counsel investigate the relevant facts and circumstances, and detecting, investigating and resolving actual or alleged violations can be expensive and require significant time and attention from senior management. Any violation of U.S. federal and state and non-U.S. laws, regulations and policies could result in substantial fines, sanctions, civil and/or criminal penalties, and curtailment of operations in the United States or other applicable jurisdictions. In addition, actual or alleged violations could damage our reputation and ability to do business. Any of the foregoing could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Furthermore, we are subject to the export controls and economic embargo rules and regulations of the United States, including, but not limited to, the Export Administration Regulations and trade sanctions against embargoed countries, which are administered by the Office of Foreign Assets Control within the Department of the Treasury, as well as the laws and regulations administered by the Department of Commerce. These regulations limit our ability to market, sell, distribute or otherwise transfer our products or technology to prohibited countries or persons. While we do not conduct business with sanctioned and embargoed countries and we expect to maintain strict internal control policies and procedures designed to guard against improper conduct, a determination that we have failed to comply, whether knowingly or inadvertently, may result in substantial penalties, including fines and enforcement actions and civil and/or criminal sanctions, the disgorgement of profits and the imposition of a court-appointed monitor, as well as the denial of export privileges, and may have an adverse effect on our reputation.

Our foreign operations pose additional risks to the Company’s business.

In 2021, we established two subsidiaries in Italy and India and market our products internationally. The Company’s foreign operations are subject to the risks described above, as well as risks related to fluctuations in currency values, foreign currency exchange controls, compliance with foreign laws, compliance with applicable U.S. laws and other economic or political uncertainties. Our international sales are typically denominated in U.S. dollars or Euros. As a result, we do not have significant direct exposure to currency valuation exchange rate fluctuations. However, because our products are sold internationally, to the extent that the U.S. dollar strengthens against the foreign currency of a customer or potential customer, we may find our products at a price disadvantage as compared with other non-U.S. suppliers. This could lead to our receiving lower prices or being unable to compete for that specific customer’s business. International sales are subject to risks related to general economic conditions, imposition of tariffs, quotas, trade barriers and other restrictions, enforcement of remedies in foreign jurisdictions and compliance with applicable foreign laws, and other economic and political uncertainties. All of these risks could result in increased costs or decreased revenues, which could adversely affect the Company’s financial results.

Risks Related to Intellectual Property

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If we fail to protect, or incur significant costs in defending, our intellectual property and other proprietary rights, then our business and results of operations could be materially harmed.

Our success depends to a significant degree on our ability to protect our intellectual property and other proprietary rights. We rely on a combination of patent, trademark, copyright, trade secret and unfair competition laws, as well as confidentiality and other contractual provisions with our customers, suppliers, employees, and others, to establish and protect our intellectual property and other proprietary rights. Our ability to enforce these rights is subject to general litigation risks, as well as uncertainty as to the enforceability of our intellectual property rights in various countries. When we seek to enforce our rights, we may be subject to claims that our intellectual property rights are invalid or not enforceable. Our assertion of intellectual property rights may result in another party seeking to assert claims against us, which could harm our business. Our inability to enforce intellectual property rights under any of these circumstances would likely harm our competitive position and business.

We applied for patents in the United States, Europe, Africa, South America, Asia and Australia, some of which have been issued. We cannot guarantee that any of our pending applications will be approved or that our existing and future intellectual property rights will be sufficiently broad to protect our proprietary technology, and any failure to obtain such approvals or finding that our intellectual property rights are invalid or unenforceable could force us to, among other things, rebrand or redesign our affected products. In countries where we have not applied for patent protection or where effective intellectual property protection is not available to the same extent as in the United States, we may be at greater risk that our proprietary rights will be misappropriated, infringed, or otherwise violated.

Our intellectual property may be stolen or infringed upon. Despite our implementation of security measures, our IT systems and those of our service providers are vulnerable to circumstances beyond our reasonable control which may lead to the theft of our intellectual property or trade secrets or business disruption, including inappropriate retention or disclosure of trade secrets by current or former employees. To the extent that any disruption or security breach results in a loss or damage to our data or an inappropriate disclosure of confidential information, it could cause significant damage to our reputation, affect our relationships with our customers, suppliers and employees and lead to claims against the company. Any lawsuits that we may initiate to protect our significant investment in our intellectual property also may consume management and financial resources for long periods of time and may not result in favorable outcomes, which may adversely affect our business, results of operations or financial condition.

Third parties may assert that we are infringing upon their intellectual property rights, which could divert management’s attention, cause us to incur significant costs, and prevent us from selling or using the technology to which such rights relate.

Our competitors and other third parties hold numerous patents related to technology used in our industry. From time to time, we may be subject to claims of intellectual property right infringement and related litigation, and, if we gain greater recognition in the market, we will face a higher risk of being the subject of claims that we have violated others’ intellectual property rights. While we believe that our products and technology do not infringe in any material respect upon any valid intellectual property rights of third parties, we cannot be certain that we would be successful in defending against any such claims. If we do not successfully defend or settle intellectual property claims, we could be liable for significant monetary damages and could be prohibited from continuing to use certain technology, business methods, content, or brands. To avoid a prohibition, we could seek a license from the applicable third party, which could require us to pay significant royalties, increasing our operating expenses. If a license is not available at all or not available on reasonable terms, then we may be required to develop or license a non-violating alternative, either of which could require significant effort and expense. If we cannot license or develop a non-violating alternative, we would be forced to limit or stop sales of our offerings and may be unable to effectively compete. Any of these results would adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

We may be required to take write-downs or write-offs, restructuring and impairment or other charges that could have a significant negative effect on our financial condition, results of operations and stock price, which could cause you to lose some or all of your investment.

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Unexpected risks may arise that cause us to write down or write off assets, restructure our operations, or incur impairment or other charges that could result in losses. Even though these charges may be noncash items and not have an immediate impact on our liquidity, the fact that we report charges of this nature could contribute to negative market perceptions about us or our securities. In addition, charges of this nature may cause us to violate net worth or other covenants to which we may be subject. Accordingly, our stockholders could suffer a reduction in the value of their shares.

Risk Related to Our Securities

To the extent that any shares of common stock are issued upon exercise of any of the warrants, the number of shares eligible for resale in the public market would increase.

We have 7,327,254 outstanding warrants exercisable to purchase 7,327,254 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $11.50 per share. To the extent that any shares of common stock are issued upon exercise of any of the warrants to purchase shares of common stock, there will be an increase in the number of shares of common stock eligible for resale in the public market. Sales of a substantial number of such shares in the public market could adversely affect the market price of our common stock.

Provisions in our Charter and Delaware law may have the effect of discouraging lawsuits against our directors and officers.

Our Charter requires, unless we consent in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, that (i) any derivative action or proceeding brought on our behalf, (ii) any action asserting a claim of breach of a fiduciary duty owed by any director, officer or other employee to us or our stockholders, (iii) any action asserting a claim against us, our directors, officers or employees arising pursuant to any provision of the DGCL or our Charter or our bylaws, or (iv) any action asserting a claim against us or our directors, officers or employees governed by the internal affairs doctrine may be brought only in the Court of Chancery in the State of Delaware, except any claim (A) as to which the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware determines that there is an indispensable party not subject to the jurisdiction of the Court of Chancery (and the indispensable party does not consent to the personal jurisdiction of the Court of Chancery within 10 days following such determination), (B) which is vested in the exclusive jurisdiction of a court or forum other than the Court of Chancery, (C) for which the Court of Chancery does not have subject matter jurisdiction, or (D) any action arising under the Securities Act, as to which the Court of Chancery and the federal district court for the District of Delaware shall have concurrent jurisdiction. If an action is brought outside of Delaware, the stockholder bringing the suit will be deemed to have consented to service of process on such stockholder’s counsel. Although we believe that this provision benefits us by providing increased consistency in the application of Delaware law in the types of lawsuits to which it applies, a court may determine that this provision is unenforceable, and to the extent it is enforceable, the provision may have the effect of discouraging lawsuits against our directors and officers, although our stockholders will not be deemed to have waived our compliance with federal securities laws and the rules and regulations thereunder.

Notwithstanding the foregoing, our Charter provides that the exclusive forum provision will not apply to suits brought to enforce a duty or liability created by the Exchange Act or any other claim for which the federal courts have exclusive jurisdiction. Section 27 of the Exchange Act creates exclusive federal jurisdiction over all suits brought to enforce any duty or liability created by the Exchange Act or the rules and regulations thereunder. Although we believe that this provision benefits us by providing increased consistency in the application of Delaware law in the types of lawsuits to which it applies, the provision may have the effect of discouraging lawsuits against our directors and officers.

Provisions in our Charter may inhibit a takeover of us, which could limit the price investors might be willing to pay in the future for our common stock and could entrench management.

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Our Charter contains provisions that may hinder unsolicited takeover proposals that stockholders may consider to be in their best interests. We are also subject to anti-takeover provisions under Delaware law, which could delay or prevent a change of control. Together these provisions may make more difficult the removal of management and may discourage transactions that otherwise could involve payment of a premium over prevailing market prices for our securities. These provisions include:

•no cumulative voting in the election of directors, which limits the ability of minority stockholders to elect director candidates;

•a classified board of directors with three-year staggered terms, which could delay the ability of stockholders to change the membership of a majority of the Board;

•the right of our Board to elect a director to fill a vacancy created by the expansion of our Board or the resignation, death or removal of a director in certain circumstances, which prevents stockholders from being able to fill vacancies on our Board;

•a prohibition on stockholder action by written consent, which forces stockholder action to be taken at an annual or special meeting of our stockholders;

•advance notice procedures that stockholders must comply with in order to nominate candidates to our Board or to propose matters to be acted upon at a meeting of stockholders, which may discourage or deter a potential acquirer from conducting a solicitation of proxies to elect the acquirer’s own slate of directors or otherwise attempting to obtain control of the Company; and

•the requirement that a meeting of stockholders may only be called by members of our Board or the stockholders holding a majority of our shares, which may delay the ability of our stockholders to force consideration of a proposal or to take action, including the removal of directors.

Future resales of common stock may cause the market price of our securities to drop significantly, even if our business is doing well.