ITEM 1A RISK FACTORS
The Company’s business is subject to a variety of risks and uncertainties, including, without limitation, the risks and uncertainties described below. In addition to the other information contained in this Form 10-K and the Company’s other filings with the SEC, these risk factors should be considered carefully in evaluating the Company’s business. If any of these risks, or any risks not presently known to the Company or currently deemed immaterial by the Company, materialize, the Company’s business, reputation, stock price, financial condition or results of operations could be materially adversely affected, and the Company may not be able to achieve its goals or expectations.
This section should be read in conjunction with Part II, Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes in Item 8, Financial Statements and Supplementary Data of this Form 10-K.
Risks Related to Competition and Global Operations
The Company’s business is subject to risks associated with conducting business overseas.
International operations have been and could in the future be adversely affected by changes in political and economic conditions, trade protection measures, restrictions on repatriation of earnings, differing intellectual property rights and changes in regulatory requirements that restrict the sales of products or increase costs. Changes in exchange rates between the U.S. dollar and foreign currencies could result in increases or decreases in earnings and may adversely affect the value of the Company’s assets outside the United States. Increased pricing in response to fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates may offset portions of the currency impacts but could also have a negative impact on demand for the Company’s products, which would affect sales and profits. Some of the Company’s competitors import products from Asia and Latin America that benefit from favorable currency exchange rates and lower cost labor, which has created downward pricing pressure with respect to the Company’s products that is likely to continue. Exchange rate fluctuations have at times and could in the future exacerbate this pricing pressure and impair the ability of the Company’s products to compete with products imported from regions with favorable exchange rates.
The Company’s operations are also subject to the effects of international trade agreements and regulations. These trade agreements could impose requirements that adversely affect the Company’s business, such as, but not limited to, setting quotas on products that may be imported from a particular country into the Company’s key markets in North America.
The Company’s ability to import products in a timely and cost-effective manner may also be affected by conditions at ports or issues that otherwise affect transportation and warehousing providers, such as port and shipping capacity, labor disputes, severe weather or increased homeland security requirements in the United States or other countries. These issues could delay importation of products or require the Company to locate alternative ports or warehousing providers to avoid disruption to customers. These alternatives may not be available on short notice or could result in higher transit costs, which could have an adverse impact on the Company’s business, financial conditions, or results of operations.
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In addition, the Company’s growth strategy involves expanding sales of its products into foreign markets. There is no guarantee that the Company’s products will be accepted by foreign customers or how long it may take to develop sales of the Company’s products in these foreign markets.
Supply chain disruptions, delays in production, and forecast inaccuracies have affected and could continue to affect our ability to meet customer demand, lead to higher costs, result in excess inventory, and could have an adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition.
Raw materials needed to manufacture the Company’s products are obtained from numerous suppliers. Under normal market conditions, these raw materials are readily available on the open market from a variety of producers. However, from time to time, the prices and availability of these raw materials fluctuate due to changes in existing and expected rates of inflation, which could impair the Company’s ability to procure the required raw materials for its operations or increase the cost of manufacturing its products. For example, supply shortages and supply chain disruptions originally triggered by shutdowns and other restrictions imposed to slow the spread and resurgence of COVID-19 impacted the prices and availability of certain raw materials and components used in the production of the Company’s products. The Company may be unable to pass all of these price increases on to its customers and could experience reductions in its profit margins. Any decrease in the availability of raw materials could impair the Company’s ability to meet production requirements in a timely manner or at all. Similarly, any prolonged interruption in service by one of our key component suppliers could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition. Additionally, we may not be able to establish additional or replacement suppliers for such components within a reasonable period of time, or on commercially reasonable terms, if at all, which could result in delays or interruptions in our operations, which in turn would adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.
The Company faces active global competition and if it does not compete effectively, its business may suffer.
The Company encounters competition in all its business operations, and imports from Asia and Latin America with favorable currency exchange rates and low-cost labor have resulted in pricing pressure. The Company competes with other companies that offer comparable products or that produce different products appropriate for the same uses. To remain profitable and defend market share, the Company must continue to offer high quality custom engineered products on a timely basis, develop new products or update existing products to compete with new or updated products introduced by competitors, deploy internal engineering resources, maintain cost-effective manufacturing capabilities through its wholly owned Asian subsidiaries, expand its product lines through product development and acquisitions, and maintain sufficient inventory for fast turnaround of customer orders. Additionally, technological developments and enhancements of products and services offerings in our industry may require an expanded use of artificial intelligence (“AI”) and machine learning; if we are unable to keep pace with the rate of these and other developments, our ability to effectively compete could be adversely affected. We expect the level of competition to remain high in the future, which, if not effectively matched or exceeded, could limit our ability to maintain or increase our profitability. The Company may not be able to compete effectively on all these fronts and with all its competitors, and the failure to do so could have a material adverse effect on its sales and profit margins.
Furthermore, the Company may have to reduce prices on its products and services, or make other concessions, to stay competitive and retain market share. Price reductions taken by the Company in response to customer and competitive pressures, as well as price reductions and promotional actions taken to drive demand that may not result in anticipated sales levels, could also negatively impact the Company’s business.
Tariffs, trade sanctions and political instability may impact the availability or cost of raw materials, which could adversely affect our margins, ability to meet customer demand, business, results of operations and financial condition.
The Company obtains raw materials used in the production of its products from domestic sources, as well as from Company-affiliated and unaffiliated sources in Asia. Changes in international trade duties and other aspects of international trade policy, both in the United States and abroad, could materially impact the cost of these raw materials. For example, from March 2018 until March 2021, the United States imposed an additional 25% tariff under Section 232 of the Trade Expansion Act of 1962, as amended, on steel products imported into the United States. While these tariffs have mostly been lifted on imports from countries other than China, imports from many jurisdictions are subject to limitations on volume, after which substantial tariffs will be reimposed. The United States also imposed a 10% tariff on all aluminum imports into the United States, with initial exemptions for aluminum imported from certain U.S. trading partners. Such actions could increase steel and aluminum costs and decrease supply availability. In response to the invasion of Ukraine by the military forces of the Russian Federation, the United States, the European Union, and other jurisdictions have imposed sanctions that, among other things, prohibit the importation of a wide array of commodities and products from Russia, which is a major global supplier of nickel. Any increase in nickel, steel and/or aluminum prices that is not offset by an increase in the Company’s prices could have an adverse effect on the Company’s business, financial position, results of operations or cash flows. In addition, if the Company is unable to acquire timely nickel, steel or aluminum supplies, the Company may need to decline customer orders, which could also have an adverse effect on the business, financial position, results of operations or cash flows of the Company.
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Changes in competition in the markets that the Company services could impact revenues and earnings.
Any change in competition may result in lost market share or reduced prices, which could result in reduced profits and margins. This may impair the ability to grow or even maintain current levels of revenues and earnings. The loss of certain customers could adversely affect the Company’s business, financial condition, or results of operations until such business is replaced, and no assurances can be made that the Company would be able to regain or replace any lost customers.
Risks Related to Acquisitions and Organic Growth
The inability to develop new or updated products could limit growth.
Demand for new products, or the need to update existing products to compete with new or updated products offered by competitors, could adversely affect the Company’s performance, ability to maintain current levels of revenues and earnings, and prospects for future growth if the Company were unable to develop and introduce new competitive products or updates to existing products at favorable profit margins. The uncertainties associated with developing and introducing new products or updates to existing products, such as the market demands and the costs of development and production, may impede the successful development and introduction of new products or updates to existing products. Acceptance of the new or updated products may not meet sales expectations due to several factors, such as the Company’s potential inability to accurately predict market demand or to resolve technical issues in a timely and cost-effective manner. Additionally, the inability to develop new or updated products on a timely basis could result in the loss of business to competitors.
The inability to identify or complete acquisitions could limit growth.
The Company’s future growth may partly depend on its ability to acquire and successfully integrate new businesses. The Company intends to seek additional acquisition opportunities, both to expand into new markets and to enhance the Company’s position in existing markets. However, there can be no assurances that the Company will be able to successfully identify suitable candidates, negotiate appropriate terms, obtain financing on acceptable terms, complete proposed acquisitions, successfully integrate acquired businesses or expand into new markets. Once acquired, operations may not achieve anticipated levels of revenues or profitability.
Acquisitions involve risk, including difficulties in the integration of the operations, technologies, services, and products of the acquired companies and the diversion of management’s attention from other business concerns. Although the Company’s management will endeavor to evaluate the risks inherent in any particular transaction, there can be no assurances that the Company’s management will properly ascertain all such risks. In addition, prior acquisitions have resulted, and future acquisitions could result in the incurrence of substantial debt and other expenses. Future acquisitions may also result in potentially dilutive issuances of equity securities. Difficulties encountered with acquisitions may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
We may be unable to successfully execute or effectively integrate businesses we may acquire in the future.
We regularly review our portfolio of businesses and pursue growth through acquisitions. We may not be able to complete transactions on favorable terms, on a timely basis, or at all, and the success of any such acquisitions depends on our ability to combine the acquired business with our existing business in a manner that does not disrupt our and the acquired business’s ongoing relationships with customers, suppliers, and employees. Our results of operations and cash flows may be adversely impacted by (i) the failure of acquired businesses to meet or exceed expected returns, including risk of impairment; (ii) the failure to integrate multiple acquired businesses into the Company simultaneously and on schedule or to achieve expected synergies and (iii) the discovery of unanticipated liabilities, cybersecurity and compliance issues, labor relations difficulties or other problems in acquired businesses for which we lack contractual protections, or insurance or indemnities.
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Risks Related to Technology and Information Security
Our technology is important to the Company’s success and the failure to protect this technology could put the Company at a competitive disadvantage.
Some of the Company’s products rely on proprietary technology; therefore, the Company believes that the development and protection of intellectual property rights through patents, copyrights, trade secrets, trademarks, confidentiality agreements and other contractual provisions are important to the future success of its business. Despite the Company’s efforts to protect proprietary rights, unauthorized parties or competitors may copy or otherwise obtain and use the Company’s products or technology. Actions to enforce these rights may result in substantial costs and diversion of resources and the Company makes no assurances that any such actions will be successful.
In addition to the United States, we have applied for intellectual property protection in other jurisdictions with respect to certain innovations and new products, product features, and processes. The laws of certain foreign countries in which we do business, or may contemplate doing business in the future, do not recognize intellectual property rights or protect them to the same extent as U.S. law. As a result, these factors could weaken our competitive advantage with respect to our products, services, and brands in foreign jurisdictions, which could adversely affect our financial performance. We may also encounter significant problems in protecting and defending our licensed and owned intellectual property in foreign jurisdictions. For example, China currently affords less protection to a company’s intellectual property than some other jurisdictions. As such, the lack of strong patent and other intellectual property protection in China may significantly increase our vulnerability regarding unauthorized disclosure or use of our intellectual property and undermine our competitive position. Proceedings to enforce our intellectual property rights in foreign jurisdictions could result in substantial cost and divert our efforts and attention from other aspects of our business.
The Company relies on information and technology for many of its business operations, which could fail and cause disruption to the Company’s business operations.
The Company’s business operations are dependent upon information technology networks and systems to securely transmit, process and store electronic information and to communicate among its locations around the world and with clients and vendors. A shut-down of, or inability to access, one or more of the Company’s facilities, a power outage, a ransomware incident, or a failure of one or more of the Company’s information technology, telecommunications or other systems could significantly impair the Company’s ability to perform such functions on a timely basis. Computer viruses, cyberattacks, other external hazards and human error could result in the misappropriation of assets or sensitive information, corruption of data or operational disruption. If sustained or repeated, such a business interruption, system failure, service denial or data loss and damage could result in a deterioration of the Company’s ability to write and process orders, provide customer service, or perform other necessary business functions.
A breach in the security of the Company’s software or information technology systems could harm its reputation, result in a loss of current and potential customers, and subject the Company to material claims, which could materially harm our operating results and financial condition.
If the Company’s security measures are breached, an unauthorized party may obtain access to the Company’s data or users’ or customers’ data. In addition, cyberattacks and similar acts could lead to interruptions and delays in operations or customer processing or a loss or breach of the Company’s or a customer’s data. Because the techniques used to obtain unauthorized access, disable, or degrade service, or sabotage systems change frequently and often are not recognized until launched against a target, the Company may be unable to anticipate these techniques or to implement adequate preventative measures. The risk that these types of events could seriously harm the Company’s business is likely to increase as the Company expands its reliance on technology for its operations and order processing.
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Data breaches and other serious cybersecurity incidents have increased globally, along with the methods, techniques, and complexity of attacks, including use of viruses, ransomware and other malicious software, phishing, and other efforts to discover and exploit any design flaws, bugs, or other security vulnerabilities. Continued geopolitical turmoil, including the ongoing conflict between Russia and Ukraine, has heightened the risk of cyberattacks. We have been, and likely will continue to be, subject to such cyberattacks, although none has had a material impact on our operations. Also, the same cybersecurity threats exist for the third parties with whom we interact and share information and cyberattacks on third parties that possess or use our customer, personnel and other information could adversely impact us in the same way as would a direct cyberattack on us. The Company is subject to federal, state, and international laws and regulations relating to the collection, use, retention, security and transfer of personally identifiable information and individual payment data. The information, security and privacy requirements imposed by such laws and regulations are constantly evolving and are becoming increasingly demanding in the United States and other jurisdictions in which the Company operates. In addition, the interpretation and application of consumer and data protection laws in the United States and elsewhere are often uncertain and in flux. It is possible that these laws may be interpreted and applied in a manner that is inconsistent with the Company’s data practices. If so, in addition to the possibility of fines or other penalties, this could result in an order requiring that the Company change its data practices, which could be costly, divert management attention, and have an adverse effect on the Company’s business and results of operations. The Company has incurred and may continue to incur significant costs relating to compliance with these laws and regulations, including costs related to updating certain business practices and systems and ensuring continued compliance. Further, any changes to laws or regulations, including new restrictions or requirements applicable to our business, or an increase in enforcement of existing laws and regulations, could expose the Company to additional costs and liability.
Any security breaches for which the Company is, or is perceived to be, responsible, in whole or in part, or any actual or perceived violations of data privacy laws and regulations, could subject the Company to legal claims or legal proceedings, including regulatory investigations, which could harm the Company’s reputation and result in significant litigation costs and damage awards or settlement amounts. Any imposition of liability, particularly liability that is not covered by insurance or is in excess of insurance coverage, could materially harm our operating results and financial condition. Security breaches also could cause the Company to lose current and potential customers, which could have an adverse effect on the Company’s business. Moreover, the Company may be required to expend significant financial and other resources to further protect against security breaches or to rectify problems caused by any security breach.
Litigation, Compliance and Regulatory Risks
Delays in, or disagreements with the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm regarding, the Company’s evaluation of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 could have a material adverse effect on the market price of the Company’s stock or its borrowing ability. In addition, future changes in operating conditions could result in inadequate internal control over financial reporting.
The Company is an “accelerated filer” as defined in Rule 12b-2 under the Exchange Act and is thus required to comply with Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. Section 404 requires the Company to include in its Annual Report on Form 10-K management’s assessment of the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of the end of the fiscal period for which the Company is filing the report. This report must also include disclosure of any material weaknesses in internal control over financial reporting that the Company has identified. Additionally, the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm is required to issue a report on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting and their evaluation of the operating effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. The Company’s assessment requires it to make subjective judgments, and the independent registered public accounting firm may not agree with the Company’s assessment. If the Company or its independent registered public accounting firm were unable to complete the assessments within the period prescribed by Section 404 and thus be unable to conclude that the internal control over financial reporting is effective, investors could lose confidence in the Company’s reported financial information, which could have an adverse effect on the market price of the Company’s common stock or impact the Company’s borrowing ability. In addition, changes in operating conditions and changes in compliance with policies and procedures currently in place may result in inadequate internal control over financial reporting in the future.
Environmental compliance costs and liabilities could increase the Company’s expenses and adversely affect the Company’s financial condition.
The Company’s operations and properties are subject to laws and regulations relating to environmental protection, including air emissions, water discharges, waste management and workplace safety. These laws and regulations can result in the imposition of substantial fines and sanctions for violations and could require the installation of pollution control equipment or operational changes to limit pollution emissions and/or decrease the likelihood of accidental hazardous substance releases. The Company must conform its operations and properties to these laws and adapt to regulatory requirements in the countries in which the Company’s businesses operate as these requirements change.
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The Company uses and generates hazardous substances and wastes in its operations and, as a result, could be subject to potentially material liabilities relating to the investigation and clean-up of contaminated properties and to claims alleging personal injury. The Company has experienced, and expects to continue to experience, costs relating to compliance with environmental laws and regulations. In connection with the Company’s acquisitions, the Company may assume significant environmental liabilities, some of which it may not be aware of at the time of acquisition. In addition, new laws and regulations, stricter enforcement of existing laws and regulations, the discovery of previously unknown contamination or the imposition of new clean-up requirements could require the Company to incur costs or become the basis for new or increased liabilities that could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
Natural disasters, changes in climate, geo-political events and public health crises, including pandemics (such as COVID-19) and epidemics, and any related Company or government policies or actions may negatively impact our business.
Natural disasters, changes in climate, geo-political events, and public health crises, including pandemics (such as COVID-19) and epidemics, as well as Company or government policies adopted or actions taken as a result of such events, could materially adversely affect our business and financial performance. The occurrence of one or more natural disasters, such as hurricanes, tropical storms, floods, fires, earthquakes, tsunamis, cyclones, typhoons, weather conditions such as major or extended winter storms, droughts and tornadoes, whether as a result of climate change or otherwise, severe changes in climate, geo-political events, such as war, civil unrest or terrorist attacks, or public health crises in a country in which we operate or in which our suppliers are located could result in loss of human life, significant property and equipment damage, environmental pollution, or reputational harm and could adversely affect our operations and financial performance. Our business and operations may be disrupted if we do not respond, or are perceived not to respond, in an appropriate manner to any of these hazards and risks or any other major crisis or if we are unable to efficiently restore or replace affected operational components and capacity. Countermeasures to address global health crises, epidemics or pandemics, such as those that were taken to reduce the spread of COVID-19, may result in reduced demand for our products; disruptions to our supply chain, the global economy or financial or commodity markets; disruptions in our contractual arrangements with our service providers, suppliers and other counterparties; failures by our suppliers, contract manufacturers, contractors, joint venture partners and external business partners, to meet their obligations to us; or reduced workforce productivity. Any such occurrence could materially and adversely impact our financial condition, results of operations, cash flows or liquidity position. Further, our insurance may not be adequate to compensate us for all resulting losses described above, and the cost to obtain adequate coverage may increase for us in the future or may not be available.
The Company could be subject to litigation, which could have a material impact on the Company’s business, financial condition, or results of operations.
From time to time, the Company’s operations are parties to or targets of lawsuits, claims, investigations, and proceedings, including product liability, personal injury, patent, and intellectual property, commercial, contract, and environmental and employment matters, which are defended and settled in the ordinary course of business. Any litigation to which the Company may be subject could have a material adverse effect on its business, financial condition, or results of operations. See Item 3 – Legal Proceedings of this Form 10-K for a discussion of current litigation.
The Company could be subject to additional tax liabilities.
The Company is subject to income tax laws of the United States, its states, and municipalities and those of other foreign jurisdictions in which the Company has business operations. These laws are complex, evolving, and subject to interpretation by the taxpayer and the relevant governmental taxing authorities.
The Company’s future annual and quarterly tax rates could be affected by numerous factors, including changes in the (1) applicable tax laws; (2) composition of earnings in countries with differing tax rates; or (3) recoverability of our deferred tax assets and liabilities. Beginning in 2022, the U.S. Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 eliminated the existing option to deduct research and development expenditures and requires taxpayers to amortize them over five years pursuant to IRC Section 174. This requirement is expected to reduce our cash flow. In August 2022, the United States enacted the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 (the “IRA”) which includes a new 15% corporate minimum tax as well as a 1% excise tax on fair value of corporate stock repurchases made after December 31, 2022. The IRA could have a negative impact on our tax position. Many countries and organizations such as the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development are also actively considering changes to existing tax laws or have proposed or enacted new laws that could increase our tax obligations in countries where we do business or cause us to change the way we operate our business. Any of these developments or changes in federal, state, or international tax laws or tax rulings could adversely affect our effective tax rate and our results of operations.
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Significant judgment and interpretation are required in determining the Company’s worldwide provision for income taxes. In the ordinary course of business, transactions arise where the ultimate tax determination is uncertain. Although the Company believes that our tax estimates are reasonable, the outcome of tax audits and any related litigation could be materially different from that which is reflected in historical income tax provisions and accruals. Based on the status of a given tax audit or related litigation, a material effect on the Company’s income tax provision or net income may result during the period or periods from the initial recognition of a particular matter in the Company’s reported financial results to the final closure of that tax audit or settlement of related litigation when the ultimate tax and related cash flow is known with certainty.
New or existing U.S. or foreign laws and regulations could subject the Company to claims or otherwise impact the Company’s business, financial condition, or results of operations.
The Company is subject to a variety of laws, regulations, rules, and policies in both the U.S. and foreign countries that are costly to comply with, can result in negative publicity and diversion of management time and effort, and can subject the Company to claims or other remedies. These laws, regulations, rules, and policies could relate to any of an array of issues including, but not limited to, data privacy and security, environmental, tax, intellectual property, trade secrets, product liability, contracts, antitrust, employment, securities, import/export, and unfair competition. These laws and regulations may differ in different jurisdictions and are subject to change. The cost of maintaining compliance under multiple and changing regulatory regimes, and expenditures that may be required to comply with new laws and regulations, may adversely affect the Company’s business, financial condition, and results of operations. In the event that the Company fails to comply with or violates applicable U.S. or foreign laws or regulations or customer policies, the Company could be subject to civil or criminal claims or proceedings that may result in monetary fines, penalties or other costs against the Company or its employees, which may adversely affect the Company’s operating results, financial condition, customer relations and ability to conduct its business.
Risks Related to Our Indebtedness
Indebtedness may affect our business and may restrict our operating flexibility.
As of December 30, 2023, the Company had $43.9 million in total consolidated indebtedness. Subject to restrictions contained in the Credit Agreement, the Company may incur additional indebtedness in the future, including indebtedness incurred to finance acquisitions. The level of indebtedness and servicing costs associated with that indebtedness could have important effects on our operation and business strategy. For example, the indebtedness could:
· Limit the Company’s ability to borrow additional funds;
· Limit the Company’s ability to complete future acquisitions;
· Limit the Company’s ability to pay dividends;
· Limit the Company’s ability to make capital expenditures; and
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The Company’s ability to make scheduled principal payments, to pay interest on, or to refinance our indebtedness and to satisfy other debt obligations will depend upon future operating performance, which may be affected by factors beyond the Company’s control. In addition, there can be no assurance that future borrowings or the issuance of equity would be available to the Company on favorable terms for the payment or refinancing of the Company’s debt. If the Company were unable to service its indebtedness, the business, financial condition, and results of operations would be materially adversely affected.
The Credit Agreement contains covenants requiring the Company to achieve certain financial and operational results and maintain compliance with specified financial ratios. The Company’s ability to meet the financial covenants or requirements in the Credit Agreement may be affected by events beyond our control, and the Company may not be able to satisfy such covenants and requirements.
The Credit Agreement also contains several restrictive covenants that could adversely affect the Company’s ability to operate its business. These covenants restrict, among other things, the Company’s ability to:
· Merge with or into another company or sell assets;
· Grant liens;
· Incur additional indebtedness;
· Make investments or guarantee indebtedness of another person or entity;
· Pay dividends, make distributions, or repurchase equity;
· Engage in certain transactions with affiliates; and
· Make certain changes to the Company’s business.
A breach of these covenants or the Company’s inability to comply with the financial ratios, tests or other restrictions contained in our Credit Agreement could result in an event of default under the Credit Agreement. Upon the occurrence of an event of default under the Credit Agreement and/or the expiration of any grace periods, the lenders could elect to declare all amounts outstanding under our credit facility, together with accrued interest, to be immediately due and payable. If this were to occur, the Company’s assets may not be sufficient to fully repay the amounts due under our credit facility or the Company’s other indebtedness.
Risks Related to Global Economic Conditions
Global economic conditions have in the past and may in the future have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial condition and operating results.
Global economic conditions have in the past and may in the future impact the Company’s results. For example, volatile economic conditions that resulted from the COVID-19 pandemic led to economic slowdowns that caused contractions in some or all the markets we serve, and these impacts have continued and may continue for the foreseeable future. This has led to and may continue to lead to decreased demand for the Company’s products, which in turn has negatively impacted, and may continue to negatively impact, the Company’s financial condition and operating results. Other macroeconomic factors also remain dynamic, and any causes of market size contraction, and overall economic slowdowns could reduce the Company’s sales or erode operating margin, in either case reducing earnings.
Economic conditions or changes in asset returns interest rates could increase our pension plan funding obligations and reduce our profitability
In addition, pension plan funded status, the ratio of plan assets over plan liabilities, is largely influenced by current market conditions. To the extent asset returns and interest rates, which are used to discount future plan benefits, change from prior measurement periods, the plan’s funded ratio has the potential to change significantly. Declines in interest rates and projected rates of return could require us to make significant additional contributions to our pension plans in the future.
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General Risk Factors
The Company’s goodwill or indefinite-lived intangible assets may become impaired, which could require a significant charge to earnings be recognized.
Under accounting principles generally accepted in the United States, goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets are not amortized but are reviewed for impairment at least annually. Future operating results used in the assumptions, such as sales or profit forecasts, may not materialize, and the Company has been and could in the future be required to record a significant charge to earnings in the financial statements during the period in which any impairment is determined, resulting in an unfavorable impact on our results of operations.
The Company may need additional capital in the future, which may not be available on acceptable terms, if at all.
From time to time, the Company has historically relied on outside financing to fund expanded operations, capital expenditure programs and acquisitions. The Company may require additional capital in the future to fund operations or strategic opportunities. The Company cannot be assured that additional financing will be available on favorable terms, or at all. In addition, the terms of available financing may place limits on the Company’s financial and operating flexibility. If the Company is unable to obtain sufficient capital in the future, the Company may not be able to expand or acquire complementary businesses and may not be able to continue to develop new products or otherwise respond to changing business conditions or competitive pressures.
The Company’s stock price may become highly volatile, and investors may not be able to sell their shares at their desired prices, or at all.
The Company’s stock price may change dramatically when buyers seeking to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock exceed the shares available on the market, or when there are no buyers to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock when shareholders are trying to sell their shares. The Company’s common stock has historically been “thinly” traded, meaning that the number of persons interested in purchasing shares of Company common stock at prevailing prices at any given time may be relatively small. This may contribute to price volatility, as the trading of relatively small quantities of shares by our shareholders may disproportionately influence share price and may prevent investors from selling their shares at or above their purchase price if there is not sufficient demand for the shares at the time of sale.
The Company depends on key management, sales and marketing and technical personnel, the loss of whom could harm its business.
The Company depends on key management and technical personnel. The loss of one or more key employees could materially and adversely affect the Company.
The Company’s success also depends on its ability to attract and retain highly qualified technical, sales and marketing and management personnel necessary for the maintenance and expansion of its activities. The Company faces strong competition for such personnel and may not be able to attract or retain such personnel. In addition, when the Company experiences periods with little or no profits, a decrease in compensation based on profits may make it difficult to attract and retain highly qualified personnel.
To attract and retain executives and other key employees, the Company must provide a competitive compensation package. If the Company’s profits decrease, or if the Company’s total compensation package is not viewed as competitive, the Company’s ability to attract, retain and motivate executives and key employees could be weakened. The failure to successfully hire and retain executives and key employees or the loss of any executives and key employees could have a significant impact on our operations.
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The Company may not be able to reach acceptable terms for contracts negotiated with its labor unions and be subject to work stoppages or disruption of production.
The Company has been successful in negotiating new contracts over the years but cannot guarantee that will continue and the Company has, in the past experienced, and could in the future experience, temporary work stoppages during negotiation of such contracts. Failure to negotiate new union contracts, or any work stoppage that is prolonged, could result in the disruption of production, inability to deliver product, or several unforeseen circumstances, any of which could have an unfavorable material impact on the Company’s results of operations or financial condition. During 2024, no union contracts are scheduled to expire.
Deterioration in the creditworthiness of several major customers could have a material impact on the Company’s business, financial condition, or results of operations.
Included as a significant asset on the Company’s balance sheet are accounts receivable from our customers. If several large customers become insolvent or are otherwise unable to pay for products or become unwilling or unable to make payments in a timely manner, it could have an unfavorable material impact on the Company’s results of operations or financial condition.
Although the Company is not dependent on any one customer, deterioration in several large customers at the same time could have an unfavorable material impact on the Company’s results of operations or financial condition. One customer represented 12% of total accounts receivable for fiscal 2023 and one customer represented 14% of total accounts receivable for fiscal 2022.
The Company’s operating results may fluctuate, which makes the results of operations difficult to predict and could cause the results to fall short of expectations.
The Company’s operating results may fluctuate because of several factors, many of which are outside of our control. As a result, comparing the Company’s operating results on a period-to-period basis may not be meaningful, and past results should not be relied upon as an indication of future performance. Quarterly, year to date, and annual costs and expenses as a percentage of revenues may differ significantly from historical or projected levels. Future operating results may fall below expectations. These types of events could cause the price of the Company’s stock to fall.
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ITEM 1B UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
None.
ITEM 1C CYBERSECURITY
The Company’s Board recognizes the critical importance of maintaining the trust and confidence of our customers, clients, business partners and employees. The Board is actively involved in oversight of the Company’s risk management program, and cybersecurity represents a key component of the Company’s overall approach to enterprise risk management (“ERM”). The Company’s cybersecurity policies, standards, processes, and practices are fully integrated into the Company’s ERM program and are based on recognized frameworks established by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, the International Organization for Standardization and other applicable industry standards. In general, the Company seeks to address cybersecurity risks through a comprehensive, cross-functional approach that is focused on preserving the confidentiality, security, and availability of the information that the Company collects and stores by identifying, preventing, and mitigating cybersecurity threats and effectively responding to cybersecurity incidents when they occur.
Risk Management and Strategy
As one of the critical elements of the Company’s overall ERM approach, the Company’s cybersecurity program is focused on the following key areas:
Governance: As discussed in more detail under the heading “Governance,” The Board’s oversight of cybersecurity risk management is supported by the Audit Committee of the Board (the “Audit Committee”), which regularly interacts with the Company’s ERM function, the Company’s Director of Information Technology & Cybersecurity, and other members of management and relevant management committees and councils, including management’s Cybersecurity Council.
Collaborative Approach: The Company has implemented a comprehensive, cross-functional approach to identifying, preventing and mitigating cybersecurity threats and incidents, while also implementing controls and procedures that are designed to provide for the prompt and appropriate internal reporting of certain cybersecurity incidents, either in the form of a single unauthorized occurrence or a series of unauthorized occurrences, so that decisions regarding the public disclosure and reporting of such incidents can be made by management in a timely manner.
Technical Safeguards: The Company deploys technical safeguards that are designed to protect the Company’s information systems from cybersecurity threats, including firewalls, intrusion prevention and detection systems, anti-malware functionality and access controls, which are evaluated and improved through vulnerability assessments and cybersecurity threat intelligence.
Incident Response and Recovery Planning: The Company has established and maintains comprehensive incident response and recovery plans intended to fully and timely address the Company’s response to a cybersecurity incident, and such plans are tested and evaluated on a regular basis.
Third-Party Risk Management: The Company maintains a comprehensive, risk-based approach to identifying and overseeing cybersecurity risks presented by third parties, including vendors, service providers and other external users of the Company’s systems, as well as the systems of third parties that could adversely impact our business in the event of a cybersecurity incident affecting those third-party systems.
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Education and Awareness:The Company provides regular, mandatory training for personnel regarding cybersecurity threats to equip the Company’s personnel with effective tools to proactively address cybersecurity threats and prevent incursions, and to communicate the Company’s evolving information security policies, standards, processes, and practices. Our awareness program includes assessment of our personnel’s preparedness through regular phishing e-mail alerts, highlighted banners that warn about external senders, and tests administered to help the Company’s personnel interrogate, navigate around, and avoid clicking suspicious and unfamiliar links from unknown senders.
The Company engages in the periodic assessment and testing of the Company’s policies, standards, processes, and practices that are designed to address cybersecurity threats and incidents. These efforts include a wide range of activities, including audits, assessments, tabletop exercises, threat modeling, vulnerability testing and other exercises focused on evaluating the effectiveness of our cybersecurity measures and planning. The Company engages third parties to perform assessments on our cybersecurity measures, including information security maturity assessments, audits and independent reviews of our information security control environment and operating effectiveness. The results of such assessments, audits and reviews are reported to the Audit Committee and the Board, and the Company adjusts its cybersecurity policies, standards, processes, and practices as appropriate based on the information provided by these assessments, audits, and reviews.
Governance
The Board, in coordination with the Audit Committee, oversees the Company’s ERM process, including the management of risks arising from cybersecurity threats. The Board and the Audit Committee each receive regular presentations and reports on cybersecurity risks, which address a wide range of topics including recent developments, evolving standards, vulnerability assessments, third-party and independent reviews, the threat environment, technological trends, and information security considerations arising with respect to the Company’s peers and third parties. The Board and the Audit Committee also receive prompt and timely information regarding any cybersecurity incident that meets established reporting thresholds, or that management otherwise deems to be significant, as well as ongoing updates regarding any such incident until it has been addressed. On an annual basis, the Board and the Audit Committee discuss the Company’s approach to cybersecurity risk management with the members of management’s Cybersecurity Council, which includes the Company’s Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”), Chief Financial Officer (“CFO”), Director of Risk, and Director of Information Technology & Cybersecurity.
The Cybersecurity Council, in coordination with the Company’s outside legal counsel, works collaboratively across the Company to implement a program designed to protect the Company’s information systems from cybersecurity threats and to promptly respond to any cybersecurity incidents in accordance with the Company’s incident response and recovery plans. To facilitate the success of the Company’s cybersecurity risk management program, multidisciplinary teams throughout the Company are deployed to address cybersecurity threats and to respond to cybersecurity incidents. Through ongoing communications with these teams, the Director of Information Technology & Cybersecurity and the Cybersecurity Council monitor the prevention, detection, mitigation and remediation of cybersecurity threats and incidents in real time and report such threats and incidents to the Audit Committee when appropriate.
The Director of Information Technology & Cybersecurity has served in various roles in information technology and information security for over 25 years, including the design and management of operational and cybersecurity activities of two large public companies. The Director of Information Technology & Cybersecurity holds undergraduate and graduate degrees in computer science and is certified in NIST, CMMC, CIS, and GDPR. The Company’s CEO and CFO each hold undergraduate and graduate degrees in their respective fields, and each has over 20 years of experience managing risks at the Company and at similar companies, including risks arising from cybersecurity threats.
Cybersecurity threats, including as a result of previous cybersecurity incidents, have not materially affected and are not reasonably likely to affect the Company, including its business strategy, results of operations or financial condition.
ITEM 2 PROPERTIES
The Company leases 3,947 square feet of corporate office space in Shelton, Connecticut. The current lease expires on March 31, 2033.
All the Company’s properties are owned or leased and are adequate to satisfy current requirements. All the Company’s properties have the necessary flexibility to cover any long-term expansion requirements.
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Company facilities include the following:
Big 3 Products in Centralia, Illinois owns 156,160 square feet of administrative and manufacturing space located in an industrial park. The single-story building is steel frame with steel siding and roof.
Big 3 Products in Dearborn, Michigan leases 86,250 square feet of building space. The building is made from industrial block. Approximately 6,000 square feet of office space is used for design engineers. The current lease expires on February 4, 2025.
Big 3 Products in Chesterfield, Michigan leases 45,000 square feet for a design and manufacturing facility. This building is industrial block and metal frame. The current lease expires on February 28, 2026.
Big 3 Mold in Millville, New Jersey owns 54,450 square feet of building space. The building is industrial block.
Big 3 Precision in Kimball, Michigan leases 3,500 square feet of building space. The current lease expires on March 1, 2026, with an option to renew for an additional twelve months.
Hallink Moulds, a wholly owned subsidiary in Cambridge, Ontario, leases 15,000 square feet of building space. The building is industrial block and metal frame. The current lease expires on February 1, 2025, with the option to renew for an additional twenty-four months.
Eberhard Manufacturing in Strongsville, Ohio owns 9.6 acres of land and a building containing 157,580 square feet, located in an industrial park. The building is steel frame, is one-story and has curtain walls of brick, glass, and insulated steel panels. The building has two high bays, one of which houses two units of automated warehousing.
Eberhard Manufacturing leases 8,551 square feet of office space in Arlington Heights, IL. The current lease expires on September 1, 2026.
Eastern Industrial Ltd., a wholly owned subsidiary in Shanghai, China, leases brick and concrete buildings containing approximately 47,500 square feet of space that are in both industrial and commercial areas. In 2022, Eastern Industrial, Ltd. entered a three-year lease, which expires on March 31, 2025, and is renewable.
The World Lock Co. Ltd. Subsidiary leases 5,285 square feet of space in a building located in Taipei, Taiwan. The building is made from brick and concrete and is protected by a fire alarm and sprinklers. The current lease expires on October 28, 2026.
The Dongguan Reeworld Security Products Ltd. Subsidiary leases 103,800 square feet of space in concrete buildings that are in an industrial park in Dongguan, China. The current lease expires on May 31, 2027, and is renewable.
Velvac, Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary in New Berlin, Wisconsin, leases a 98,000 square foot building. The building includes 17,000 square feet of office space and 81,000 square feet of warehousing and distribution operations. The current lease expires on May 31, 2029.
Velvac, Inc. leases 100,000 square feet of warehouse space in Pharr, TX. The current lease expires on April 15, 2025.
Velvac de Reynosa, S. De R.L De C.V., a maquiladora wholly owned in Reynosa, Tamaulipas, Mexico, leases 225,000 square feet of building space located in an industrial park identified as Lots 2, 3 and 4. The building is one level and is made from brick and concrete. The current lease expires on December 1, 2030.
All owned properties are free and clear of any encumbrances.
ITEM 3 LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
The Company is party to various legal proceedings from time to time related to its normal business operations. Currently, the Company is not involved in any material pending legal proceedings, and no such material proceedings are known to the Company to be contemplated by governmental authorities.
In 2016, the Company created a plan to remediate a landfill of spent foundry sand maintained at the Company’s previously owned metal casting facility in New York. This plan was agreed to by the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (the “NYSDEC”) on March 27, 2018. Based on estimates provided by the Company’s environmental engineers, the anticipated cost to remediate and monitor the landfill was $430,000. The Company accrued for and expensed the entire $430,000 in the first quarter of 2018 and fiscal 2017. In the fall of 2018, detailed construction drawings were prepared by an outside consultant in conjunction with informal progress reviews by the NYSDEC. Long-term groundwater monitoring commenced in April 2019. Verbal approval for the closure plan was received from the NYSDEC in May 2019, and written approval was received in October 2020. Construction of the closure remedies, including improved drainage system, regrading, and installation of a low permeability cap was completed in October 2021. A closure report and long-term maintenance plan were submitted to the NYSDEC in November 2021. In July 2023, the Company received NYSDEC approval for the closure report and long-term maintenance plan. The 30-year annual groundwater monitoring and site maintenance program is underway and will continue through 2048.
ITEM 4 MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES
Not applicable.
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PART II
ITEM 5 MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES
The Company’s common stock is quoted on the NASDAQ Global Market under the symbol “EML.” The approximate number of record holders of the Company common stock on December 30, 2023 was 276.
The Company expects to continue its policy of paying regular cash dividends, although there can be no assurance as to future dividends because they are dependent on future earnings, capital requirements and financial conditions.
During fiscal years 2023 and 2022, there were no sales by the Company of its securities that were not registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”).
On August 21, 2023, the Company announced that its Board had approved a new share repurchase program authorizing the Company to repurchase up to 200,000 shares of the Company’s common stock through August 20, 2028. The Company’s share repurchase program does not obligate it to acquire the Company’s common stock at any specific cost per share. Under this program, shares may be repurchased in privately negotiated and/or open market transactions, including under plans complying with Rule 10b5-1 under the Exchange Act.
The Company made the following share repurchases during the fourth quarter of 2023, as set forth in the table below:
Issuer Repurchases of Equity Securities
(a) (b) (c) (d)
ITEM 6 RESERVED
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ITEM 7 MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The Company’s fiscal year ends on the Saturday nearest to December 31. Fiscal years 2023 and 2022 were each 52 weeks in length. References in this Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations to results for “2023” or “fiscal year 2023” mean the fiscal year ended December 30, 2023, and references to results for “2022” or “fiscal year 2022” mean the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022. References to the “fourth quarter of 2023” or the “fourth fiscal quarter of 2023” mean the thirteen-week period from October 1, 2023 to December 30, 2023, and references to the “fourth quarter of 2022” or the “fourth fiscal quarter of 2022” mean the thirteen-week period from October 2, 2022 to December 31, 2022.
The following analysis excludes discontinued operations.
Summary
Sales for 2023 were $273.5 million compared to $279.3 million for 2022. Net income for 2023 was $8.6 million, or $1.37 per diluted share, compared to $11.1 million, or $1.77 per diluted share, for 2022. Sales for the fourth quarter of 2023 were $67.0 million compared to $69.1 million for the same period in 2022. Net income for the fourth quarter of 2023 was $3.5 million, or $0.56 per diluted share compared to $0.2 million, or $0.03 per diluted share, for the comparable 2022 period.
The Company’s backlog was $80.1 million on December 30, 2023, compared to $72.5 million on December 31, 2022, primarily due to an increase of $5.7 million in backlog at Big 3 for mold services and returnable packaging and an increase of $6.3 million in backlog related to the launch of new mirror programs for Class 8 trucks being awarded to our Velvac subsidiary, partially offset by a decrease of $4.4 million in backlog for locks and hardware at Eberhard.
Critical Accounting Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”) requires management to make judgments, estimates and assumptions regarding uncertainties that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses. Areas of uncertainty that require judgments, estimates and assumptions include items such as the allowance for doubtful accounts; inventory accounting; the testing of goodwill and other intangible assets for impairment; and pensions and other postretirement benefits. Management uses historical experience and all available information to make its estimates and assumptions, but actual results will inevitably differ from the estimates and assumptions that are used to prepare the Company’s financial statements at any given time. Despite these inherent limitations, management believes that Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations and the financial statements and related footnotes provide a meaningful and fair presentation of the Company’s financial position and results of operations.
Management believes that the application of these estimates and assumptions on a consistent basis enables the Company to provide the users of the financial statements with useful and reliable information about the Company’s operating results and financial condition.
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts
The Company maintains an allowance for doubtful accounts for estimated losses resulting from the inability of its customers to make required payments. The Company reviews the collectability of its receivables on an ongoing basis, considering a combination of factors that require judgment and estimates, including among others, our customers’ access to capital, customers’ willingness or ability to pay, customer payment patterns, general economic conditions and geopolitical trends, and our ongoing relationship with our customers. The Company reviews potential problems, such as past due accounts, a bankruptcy filing or deterioration in the customer’s financial condition, to ensure that the Company has adequately accrued for potential loss. Accounts are considered past due based on when payment was originally due. If a customer’s situation changes, such as a bankruptcy or a change in its creditworthiness, or there is a change in the current economic climate, the Company may modify its estimate of the allowance for doubtful accounts. The Company will write off accounts receivable after reasonable collection efforts have been made and the accounts are deemed uncollectible. If our estimates and assumptions as to collectability were materially incorrect, or if any of our significant customers were to develop unexpected and immediate financial problems that would prevent payment of amounts due to us, and our allowance for doubtful accounts were inadequate, this could result in an unexpected loss in profitability.
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As of December 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company’s allowance for doubtful accounts total was $0.6 million and $0.7 million, respectively. As of December 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, the Company’s bad debt expense was $0.1 million and $0.2 million, respectively.
Inventory
Inventories are valued at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Cost is determined by the last-in, first-out (“LIFO”) method at Eberhard while Big 3 Precision and Velvac are valued using a first-in, first-out (“FIFO”) method. Accordingly, a LIFO valuation reserve is calculated using the dollar value link chain method.
We review the net realizable value of inventory in detail on an ongoing basis, considering deterioration, obsolescence, estimated future demand, current market conditions, and other factors. Based on these assessments, we provide for an inventory reserve in the period in which an impairment is identified. The reserve fluctuates with market conditions, design cycles, and other economic factors and could vary significantly, whether favorably or unfavorably, from actual results due to, among other things, unanticipated changes in economic conditions, customer demand, or the competitive landscape.
The inventory reserve for excess or obsolete inventory reduced the Company’s inventory valuation by $1.7 million and $1.9 million as of December 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.
Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets
Intangible assets with finite useful lives are generally amortized on a straight-line basis over the periods benefited. Goodwill and other intangible assets with indefinite useful lives are not amortized. The Company performs annual qualitative assessments on goodwill and other intangible assets as of the end of each fiscal year by comparing the estimated fair value of each reporting unit with its carrying amount. Additionally, the Company performs an interim analysis if events or circumstances indicate it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. Such events or circumstances could include, among other things, increased competition or unexpected loss of market share, significant adverse changes in the markets in which the Company operates, or unexpected business disruptions. If the carrying amount of a reporting unit exceeds its estimated fair value, the Company records an impairment loss based on the difference between fair value and carrying amount not to exceed the associated carrying amount of goodwill. Determining the fair value of a reporting unit involves the use of significant estimates and assumptions, including (i) macroeconomic conditions, (ii) market and industry conditions, (iii) cost factors, (iv) overall financial performance, (v) other relevant entity-specific events, and (vi) events affecting a reporting unit. The values assigned to the key assumptions represent management’s assessment of future trends in the relevant industry and have been based on historical data from both external and internal sources.
The Company performed its annual qualitative assessment as of the end of each of fiscal 2023 and 2022 on the carrying value of goodwill and determined that it is more likely than not that no impairment of goodwill existed as of such dates. See Note 3 – Accounting Policies –Goodwill, in Item 8, Financial Statements and Supplementary Data of this Form 10-K for more detail.
Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits
The amounts recognized in the consolidated financial statements related to pension and other postretirement benefits are determined from actuarial valuations. Inherent in these valuations are assumptions about such factors as expected return on plan assets, discount rates at which liabilities could be settled, rate of increase in future compensation levels, mortality rates, and trends in health insurance costs. These assumptions are reviewed annually and updated as required. In accordance with U.S. GAAP, actual results that differ from the assumptions are accumulated and amortized over future periods and, therefore, affect the expense recognized and obligations recorded in future periods.
The discount rate used is based on a single equivalent discount rate derived with the assistance of our actuaries by matching expected future benefit payments in each year to the corresponding spot rates from the FTSE Pension Liability Yield Curve, comprised of high quality (rated AA or better) corporate bonds. The Company calculates its service and interest costs in future years by applying the specific spot rates along the selected yield curve to the relevant projected cash flows.
The expected long-term rate of return on assets is also developed with input from the Company’s actuarial firms. We consider the Company’s historical experience with pension fund asset performance, the current and expected allocation of our plan assets and expected long-term rates of return. The long-term rate-of-return assumption used for determining net periodic pension expense was 7.5% for both 2023 and 2022. The Company reviews the long-term rate of return each year.
Future actual pension income and expenses will depend on future investment performance, changes in future discount rates and various other factors related to the population of participants in the Company’s pension plans.
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The Company expects to make cash contributions of approximately $2,100,000 and $50,000 to our pension and other postretirement plans, respectively, in 2024.
In connection with our pension and other postretirement benefits, the Company reported income of $1.6 million and $3.3 million (net of tax) on its Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income for fiscal years 2023 and 2022, respectively. The main factor driving this income was the change in the discount rate during the applicable period.
Assumptions used to determine net periodic pension benefit cost for the fiscal years indicated were as follows:
Expected return on plan assets 7.5 % 7.5 %
Rate of compensation increase 0.0 % 0.0 %
Assumptions used to determine net periodic other postretirement benefit cost for the fiscal years were as follows:
Expected return on plan assets 4.0 % 4.0 %
Rate of compensation increase 4.3 % 4.3 %
The changes in assumptions had the following effect on the net periodic pension and other postretirement costs recorded in Other Comprehensive Income as follows:
Year ended
December 30, December 31,
Additional recognition due to significant event -- --
Amortization of:
The Plan has been investing a portion of the assets in long-term bonds to better match the impact of changes in interest rates on its assets and liabilities and thus reduce volatility in Other Comprehensive Income. Please refer to Note 10 – Retirement Benefit Plans in Item 8, Financial Statements and Supplementary Data of this Form 10-K for additional disclosures concerning the Company’s pension and other postretirement benefit plans.
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RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Fourth Quarter 2023 Compared to Fourth Quarter 2022
The following table shows, for the fourth quarter of 2023 and 2022, selected line items from the consolidated statements of income as a percentage of net sales for the Company’s operations. The Company’s continuing operations include (1) Big 3 Precision, including Big 3 Products, Big 3 Mold, and Hallink Moulds; (2) Eberhard Manufacturing, Eastern Industrial Ltd., World Lock Company Ltd., Dongguan Reeworld Security Products Ltd., and World Security Industries Ltd.; and (3) Velvac Holdings.
Three Months Ended
Cost of Products Sold 73.2 % 83.4 %
Product Development Expense 2.0 % 1.5 %
Selling and Administrative Expense 16.8 % 13.6 %
Restructuring Costs - 1.0 %
Operating Profit 8.0 % 0.5 %
Net sales in the fourth quarter of 2023 decreased 3.0% to $67.0 million from $69.1 million in the fourth quarter of 2022. Sales decreases were due to lower demand for trucks accessories and returnable transport packaging products. Net sales of existing products decreased 7.7% while price increases and new products increased net sales by 4.7% in the fourth quarter of 2023 when compared to sales in the fourth quarter of 2022. New products included various truck mirror assemblies, rotary latches, D-rings, and mirror cams.
Sales of new products contributed 1.1% to sales growth in the fourth quarter of 2023 compared to 1.4% sales growth from new products in the fourth quarter of 2022. New products in the fourth quarter of 2023 included various new truck mirrors and truck latches.
Cost of products sold in the fourth quarter of 2023 decreased $8.5 million or 15% from the corresponding period in 2022. The decrease in cost of products sold is primarily attributable to lower sales volume, decreases in the cost of materials, lower freight costs, and a favorable adjustment to the LIFO reserve.
Gross margin as a percentage of net sales for the fourth quarter of 2023 was 26.8% compared to 16.6% in the prior year fourth quarter. The increase is primarily due to lower material and freight costs, improved pricing, and a favorable adjustment to the LIFO reserve in the fourth quarter of 2023 combined with other inventory write-offs in the fourth quarter of 2022.
Product development expenses increased $0.3 million, or 24%, in the fourth quarter of 2023 compared to the corresponding period in 2022 as we continue to invest in new products at Eberhard, Velvac and Big 3. As a percentage of net sales, product development costs were 2.0% for the fourth quarter of 2023 compared to 1.5% for the corresponding period in 2022.
Selling and administrative expenses in the fourth quarter of 2023 increased 19.9% compared to the fourth quarter of 2022. As a percentage of net sales, selling and administrative costs were 16.8% for the fourth quarter of 2023 compared to 13.6% for the corresponding period in 2022. The increase was primarily the result of increased payroll and payroll-related expenses, legal and professional, and selling costs.
Restructuring expenses of $0.7 million were recognized in the fourth quarter of 2022 due to a warehouse consolidation into Eberhard.
Net income for the fourth quarter of 2023 increased to $3.5 million, or $0.56 per diluted share, from $0.2 million, or $0.03 per diluted share, in 2022. In the fourth quarter of 2022, net income was negatively impacted by restructuring costs of $0.5 million, net of tax, related to a warehouse consolidation into Eberhard.
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Fiscal Year 2023 Compared to Fiscal Year 2022
The following table shows, for fiscal year 2023 and fiscal year 2022, selected line items from the consolidated statements of income as a percentage of net sales for the Company’s operations. The Company’s continuing operations include (1) Big 3 Precision, including Big 3 Products, Big 3 Mold, Hallink Moulds and Associated Toolmakers Ltd.; (2) Eberhard Manufacturing Company, Eberhard Hardware, Eastern Industrial Ltd., Illinois Lock Company/CCL Security Products, World Lock Company Ltd., Dongguan Reeworld Security Products Ltd., and World Security Industries Ltd.; and (3) Velvac Holdings.
Fiscal Year Ended
Cost of Products Sold 76.2 % 79.0 %
Product Development Expense 2.0 % 1.5 %
Selling and Administrative Expense 16.2 % 14.1 %
Restructuring Costs - 0.3 %
Operating Profit 5.6 % 5.1 %
Summary
Net sales for 2023 decreased 2% to $273.5 million from $279.3 million in 2022. The sales decrease was primarily due to lower demand for truck accessories and returnable transport packaging products. Net sales of existing products decreased by 6% in 2023 compared to 2022 while price increases and new products increased net sales in 2023 by 4%. Sales of new products contributed 1% to sales growth in 2023 compared to 3% sales growth from new products in 2022. New products in 2023 included various new truck mirror assemblies, rotary latches, D-rings, and mirror cams.
Cost of products sold decreased $12.4 million or 6% to $208.2 million in 2023 from $220.6 million in 2022. The decrease in the cost of products sold is primarily attributable to lower sales volumes, decreases in the cost of materials, lower freight costs, and a favorable adjustment to the LIFO reserve. Tariffs incurred during 2023 were $2.2 million from China-sourced products as compared to $3.1 million in 2022. Most tariffs were recovered through price increases.
Gross margin as a percentage of sales was 24% in 2023 compared to 21% in 2022. The increase primarily reflects the impact of improved pricing and lower material and freight costs.
Product development expenses as a percentage of sales was 2.0% and 1.5% in 2023 and 2022, respectively, as the Company continues to invest in new products at Eberhard, Velvac and Big 3 to better serve our customers.
Restructuring expenses of $0.7 million were recognized in 2022 due to a warehouse consolidation into Eberhard.
Selling and administrative expenses increased $4.7 million or 12% to $44.2 million in 2023 from $39.5 million in 2022. The increase primarily relates to severance and other accrued compensation expenses of $1.8 million related to the elimination of the chief operating officer position and the departure of our previous chief executive officer during the first quarter of 2023 and legal, professional, and selling costs and payroll-related expenses. The increase in selling expenses reflects our investments in sales capabilities and changes in management personnel.
Net income for 2023 decreased 22% to $8.6 million, or $1.37 per diluted share, from $11.1 million, or $1.77 per diluted share, in 2022. In 2023, net income was negatively impacted by unfavorable pension cost adjustments of $1.1 million, $1.4 million expense associated with the closure of Associated Toolmakers Limited in the second quarter of 2023, and an unfavorable working capital adjustment of $0.4 million in the third quarter of 2023 related to the sale of the Greenwald business, partially offset by a $1.6 million favorable adjustment for the final settlement of our swap agreement with Santander in the second quarter of 2023. In 2022, net income was impacted by favorable pension cost adjustments of $1.8 million, restructuring costs of $0.5 million, net of tax, related to a warehouse consolidation into Eberhard, and loss on sale of the Wheeling, IL building in the first quarter of 2022 of $0.2 million, net of tax, partially offset by a gain on sale of the Eastern corporate office building in the third quarter of 2022 of $0.5 million, net of tax.
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Other Items
The following table shows the amount of change from the year ended December 31, 2022 to the year ended December 30, 2023 in other items (dollars in thousands):
Amount %
Interest expense increased in 2023 from 2022 due to increased interest rates.
Other income and expense in 2023 decreased $3.2 million over 2022. Other income and expense in 2023 included an unfavorable $1.1 million pension cost adjustment, $1.4 million expense associated with the closure of Associated Toolmakers Limited in the second quarter of 2023, and an unfavorable working capital adjustment of $0.4 million in the third quarter of 2023 related to the sale of the Greenwald business, partially offset by a $1.6 million favorable adjustment for the final settlement of our swap agreement with Santander in the second quarter of 2023 and $0.7 million of other favorable items. In 2022, other income included a favorable $1.8 million pension cost adjustment, a $0.6 million gain on the sale of the Eastern corporate office building, and $0.4 million of other favorable items, partially offset by a $0.3 million loss on the sale of the Wheeling, IL building.
The effective tax rate for 2023 was 22% compared to the 2022 effective tax rate of 23%. Total income taxes paid were $6.6 million in 2023 and $3.7 million in 2022.
Liquidity and Sources of Capital
The primary source of the Company’s cash is earnings from operating activities adjusted for cash generated from or used for net working capital. The most significant recurring non-cash items included in net income are depreciation and amortization expense. Changes in working capital fluctuate with the changes in operating activities. As sales increase, there generally is an increased need for working capital. The Company closely monitors inventory levels and attempts to match production to expected market demand, keeping tight control over the collection of receivables, and optimizing payment terms on its trade and other payables. The maintenance of appropriate inventory levels considering demand has been and may continue to be challenged by supply chain disruptions, which have led in some cases to a deficiency inventory that has required us to pay expedited freight fees on some of our products to timely fulfill customer orders. Coupled with increased materials costs, this has decreased our margins. If these disruptions persist and we are unable to maintain sufficient inventory on hand, we may need to cancel or decline orders, and we may be unable to offset increased material and freight costs fully by increasing prices on our products, any of which could have a material adverse impact on our liquidity.
The Company is dependent on continued demand for its products and subsequent collection of accounts receivable from its customers. The Company serves a broad base of customers and industries with a variety of products. As a result, any fluctuations in demand or payment from a particular industry or customer should not have a material impact on the Company’s sales and collection of receivables. Management expects that the Company’s foreseeable cash needs for operations, capital expenditures, debt service and dividend payments will continue to be met in the next 12 months from December 30, 2023 and beyond by the Company’s operating cash flows and available credit facility.
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The following table shows key financial ratios at the end of each fiscal year:
Current ratio 2.6 2.7
Average days’ sales in accounts receivable 48 56
Inventory turnover 3.5 3.4
Ratio of working capital to sales 25.4 % 26.1 %
Total debt to shareholders’ equity 33.2 % 50.7 %
The following table shows important liquidity measures as of the fiscal year-end balance sheet date for each of the preceding two years (in millions):
Cash and cash equivalents
- Held in the United States $ 7.0 $ 7.4
- Held by foreign subsidiaries 1.3 2.8
Net cash provided by operating activities 26.5 7.4
Net cash (used in) provided by in investing activities (5.4 ) 5.1
Net cash used in by financing activities (22.9 ) (11.9 )
All cash held by foreign subsidiaries is readily convertible into other currencies, including the U.S. dollar.
Net cash provided by operating activities was $26.5 million in 2023 compared to $7.4 million net cash provided by operating activities in 2022. In 2023, the Company contributed $1.3 million to its defined benefit retirement plan.
In 2023, reductions in working capital requirements provided $9.7 million, driven primarily reductions in accounts receivable and inventory. In 2022, cash used to support additional working capital requirements was $5.2 million.
The Company used $5.4 million for investing activities in 2023, and investing activities provided $5.1 million in 2022. In 2023, the Company invested $6.4 million in capital expenditures, invested $1.0 million in marketable securities, acquired a business for $0.4 million, and received payments on notes receivable of $2.4 million. In 2022, the Company sold a business associated with its discontinued operations for $5.8 million and two of its buildings for an aggregate of $2.2 million. The Company also issued a note receivable of $0.4 million as part of the sale of one of its buildings. These transactions are more fully discussed in Note 2 – Discontinued Operations in Item 8, Financial Statements of this Form 10-K. The Company invested in capital expenditures of $6.4 million and $3.4 million in 2023 and 2022, respectively. Capital expenditures in fiscal year 2024 are expected to be approximately $11.1 million.
In 2023, the Company made total debt payments of $79.7 million, of which $59.3 million was an accelerated principal payment and used $2.8 million for payment of dividends. The Company anticipates dividend payments in fiscal 2024 to be approximately $2.8 million. The Company has $30.0 million available on its revolving line of credit. See Note 6 - Debt in Item 8, Financial Statements and Supplementary Data for further discussion on the Company’s debt facilities.
In 2022, the Company made total debt payments of $17.5 million, of which $10.0 million was a repayment of the $10.0 million that had been drawn under the revolving credit facility during 2022 and used $2.8 million for payment of dividends.
The Company leases certain equipment and buildings under cancelable and non-cancelable operating leases that expire at various dates for up to ten years. Rent expenses amounted to approximately $4.0 million in 2023 and $3.3 million in 2022.
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On June 16, 2023, the Company entered into a credit agreement with TD Bank, N.A., Wells Fargo Bank, Bank of America, and M&T Bank as lenders (the “Credit Agreement”), that included a $60 million term portion and a $30 million revolving commitment portion. The proceeds of the term loan were used to repay the Company’s remaining outstanding term loan and to terminate its existing credit facility with Santander Bank, N.A. (approximately $59 million). The term loan portion of the credit facility requires quarterly principal payments of (i) $750,000 beginning on September 30, 2023 through June 30, 2025, (ii) $1,125,000 beginning on September 30, 2025 through June 30, 2027, and (iii) $1,500,000 beginning on September 30, 2027 through March 31, 2028, with the balance of the term loan payable on the maturity date of June 16, 2028. Amounts outstanding under the revolving portion of the credit facility are generally due and payable on June 16, 2028, the expiration date of the Credit Agreement. The Company can elect to prepay some or all the outstanding balance from time to time without penalty. A commitment fee is payable on the unused portion of the revolving credit facility based on the Company’s consolidated ratio of net debt to adjusted EBITDA from time to time. Currently, the commitment fee is 0.30%.
The term loan bears interest at a variable rate based on the term secured overnight financing rate (“SOFR”), plus an adjustment of ten basis points, plus an applicable margin of 1.875% to 2.625%, depending on the Company’s senior net leverage ratio. Borrowings under the revolving portion bear interest at a variable rate based on, at the Company’s election, a base rate plus an applicable margin of 0.875% to 1.625% or term SOFR, plus an adjustment of ten basis points, plus an applicable margin of 1.875% to 2.625%, with such margins determined based on the Company’s senior net leverage ratio. The Company’s obligations under the Credit Agreement are secured by a lien on certain of the Company’s and its subsidiaries’ assets pursuant to a Pledge and Security Agreement, dated as of June 16, 2023, with TD Bank, N.A., as administrative agent.
The Company’s loan covenants under the Credit Agreement require the Company to maintain a senior net leverage ratio not to exceed 3.5 to 1. In addition, the Company is required to maintain a fixed charge coverage ratio to be not less than 1.25 to 1. A decrease in earnings due to the impact of current economic conditions and inflationary pressures or the resulting harm to the financial condition of our customers, or an increase in indebtedness incurred to offset such a decrease in earnings, would have a negative impact on our senior net leverage ratio and our fixed charge coverage ratio, which in turn would increase the cost of borrowing under the Credit Agreement and could cause us to fail to comply with the covenants under our Covenant Agreement.
In addition to funding capital requirements, we may use available cash to pay down our indebtedness, to make investments, which may include investments in publicly traded securities, or to make acquisitions that we believe will complement or expand our existing businesses.
As of the end of the fourth quarter of 2023, the Company does not have any off-balance sheet arrangements that have or are reasonably likely to have a material current or future effect on the Company’s financial condition, changes in financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources.
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Non-GAAP Financial Measures
The non-GAAP financial measures we provide in this report should be viewed in addition to, and not as an alternative for, results prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP.
To supplement the consolidated financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP, we have presented Adjusted Net Income from Continuing Operations, Adjusted Earnings Per Share from Continuing Operations and Adjusted EBITDA from Continuing Operations, which are considered non-GAAP financial measures. The non-GAAP financial measures presented may differ from similarly titled non-GAAP financial measures presented by other companies, and other companies may not define these non-GAAP financial measures in the same way. These measures are not substitutes for their comparable U.S. GAAP financial measures, such as net sales, net income from continuing operations, diluted earnings per share from continuing operations, or other measures prescribed by U.S. GAAP, and there are limitations to using non-GAAP financial measures.
Adjusted Net Income from Continuing Operations is defined as net income from continuing operations excluding, when incurred, gains or losses that we do not believe reflect our ongoing operations, including, for example, the impacts of impairment losses, gains/losses on the sale of subsidiaries, property and facilities, transaction expenses primarily relating to acquisitions and divestitures, factory start-up costs, factory relocation expenses, executive severance, and restructuring costs. Adjusted Net Income from Continuing Operations is a tool that can assist management and investors in comparing our performance on a consistent basis across periods by removing the impact of certain items that management believes do not directly reflect our underlying operating performance.
Adjusted Earnings Per Share from Continuing Operations is defined as earnings per share from continuing operations excluding, when incurred, certain per share gains or losses that we do not believe reflect our ongoing operations, including, for example, the impacts of impairment losses, gains/losses on the sale of subsidiaries, property and facilities, transaction expenses primarily relating to acquisitions and divestitures, factory start-up costs, factory relocation expenses, executive severance, and restructuring costs. We believe that Adjusted Earnings Per Share from Continuing Operations provides important comparability of underlying operational results, allowing investors and management to access operating performance on a consistent basis from period to period.
Adjusted EBITDA from Continuing Operations is defined as net income from continuing operations before interest expense, provision for income taxes, and depreciation and amortization and excluding, when incurred, the impacts of certain losses or gains that we do not believe reflect our ongoing operations, including, for example, impairment losses, gains/losses on sale of subsidiaries, property and facilities, transaction expenses primarily relating to acquisitions and divestitures, factory start-up costs, factory relocation expenses, executive severance, and restructuring expenses. Adjusted EBITDA from Continuing Operations is a tool that can assist management and investors in comparing our performance on a consistent basis by removing the impact of certain items that management believes do not directly reflect our underlying operations.
Management uses such measures to evaluate performance period over period, to analyze the underlying trends in our business, to assess our performance relative to our competitors, and to establish operational goals and forecasts that are used in allocating resources. These financial measures should not be considered in isolation from, or as a replacement for, U.S. GAAP financial measures.
We believe that presenting non-GAAP financial measures in addition to U.S. GAAP financial measures provides investors greater transparency to the information used by our management for its financial and operational decision-making. We further believe that providing this information better enables our investors to understand our operating performance and to evaluate the methodology used by management to evaluate and measure such performance.
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Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Measures
For the Three and Twelve Months ended December 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022
Three Months Ended Twelve Months Ended
Adjustments:
Loss on sale of Wheeling, IL building - - - 269 A
Gain on sale of corporate office building - - - (624 )B
Restructuring costs - 700 C - 700 C
Severance and accrued compensation - - 1,799 D -
Greenwald final sale adjustment - - 390 E -
Business closure costs - - 1,448 F -
Non-GAAP tax impact of adjustments (1) - (175 ) (909 ) (92 )
Adjusted earnings per share from continuing operations (Non-GAAP):
A) Loss on sale of ILC building in Wheeling, IL
B) Gain on sale of Eastern corporate office building
C) Restructuring costs associated with warehouse consolidation into Eberhard
E) Final settlement of working capital adjustment associated with Greenwald sale
F) Associated Toolmakers Limited closure costs
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Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Measures
Adjusted EBITDA from Continuing Operations Calculation
For the Three and Twelve Months ended December 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022
Three Months Ended Twelve Months Ended
Loss on sale of Wheeling, IL building - - - 269 A
Gain on sale of Eastern corporate office building - - - (624 )B
Restructuring costs - 700 C - 700 C
Severance and accrued compensation - - 1,799 D -
Greenwald final sale adjustment - - 390 E -
Business closure costs - - 1,448 F -
A) Loss on sale of ILC building in Wheeling, IL
B) Gain on sale of Eastern corporate office building
C) Restructuring costs associated with warehouse consolidation into Eberhard
E) Final settlement of working capital adjustment associated with Greenwald sale
F) Associated Toolmakers Limited closure costs
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ITEM 7A QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
As a result of the Company’s status as a smaller reporting company pursuant to Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act, the Company is not required to provide information under this Item 7A.
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ITEM 8 FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
The Eastern Company
Consolidated Balance Sheets
December 30, December 31,
ASSETS
Current Assets
Marketable Securities 986,477 -
Inventories:
Property, Plant and Equipment
Other Assets
See accompanying notes.
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December 30, December 31,
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Current Liabilities
Current portion of financing lease liability 182,010 -
Financing lease liability, less current portion 728,100 -
Shareholders’ Equity
Voting Preferred Stock, no par value:
Authorized and unissued: 1,000,000 shares
Nonvoting Preferred Stock, no par value:
Authorized and unissued: 1,000,000 shares
Common Stock, no par value, Authorized: 50,000,000 shares
Accumulated other comprehensive loss:
Unrealized gain on interest rate swap, net of tax - 1,449,754
See accompanying notes.
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The Eastern Company
Consolidated Statements of Income
Year Ended
December 30, December 31,
Restructuring costs - (699,868 )
Discontinued Operations (see note 2)
Gain from operations of discontinued units $ - $ 1,360,773
Gain (loss) on sale of businesses - 305,539
Income tax (expense) benefit - (414,855 )
Net gain (loss) on discontinued operations $ - $ 1,251,457
Earnings per share from continuing operations:
Gain (loss) per share from discontinued operations:
Basic $ - $ 0.20
Diluted $ - $ 0.20
Total earnings per share:
Cash dividends per share: $ 0.44 $ 0.44
See accompanying notes.
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The Eastern Company
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income
Year Ended
December 30, December 31,
Other comprehensive income:
See accompanying notes.
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The Eastern Company
Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity
Accumulated
Other
Common Common Stock Treasury Treasury Stock Retained Comprehensive Shareholders'
Shares Amount Shares Amount Earnings Income (Loss) Equity
Stock Options Exercised -
See accompanying notes.
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The Eastern Company
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
Year Ended
Operating Activities
Less: Gain from discontinued operations - 1,251,457
Unrecognized pension and postretirement benefits 47,550 (3,575,749 )
Loss (gain) on sale of equipment and other assets 1,327,649 (274,238 )
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Investing Activities
Marketable securities (986,477 ) -
Business acquisition (444,840 ) -
Issuance of notes receivable - (400,000 )
Proceeds from sale of businesses - 5,814,019
Proceeds from sale of building and equipment - 2,171,073
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities (5,430,298 ) 5,090,269
Financing Activities
Proceeds from issuance of long-term debt and notes payable - 260,793
Proceeds from short term borrowings (revolver) - 10,000,000
Principal payments on short-term borrowings (revolver) (300,029 ) -
Proceeds from new long-term debt refinancing 60,000,000 -
Discontinued Operations
Cash provided by operating activities - 3,135,874
Cash provided by discontinued operations - 3,135,874
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash (37,555 ) (193,540 )
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
Non-cash investing and financing activities
See accompanying notes
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The Eastern Company
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
1.DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS
The Eastern Company, and its subsidiaries (the “Company,” “Eastern,” “we,” “us” or “our”) manage industrial businesses that design, manufacture and sell engineered solutions to industrial markets. Eastern’s businesses operate in industries with long-term macroeconomic growth opportunities. We look to acquire businesses that produce stable and growing earnings and cash flows. Eastern may pursue acquisitions in industries other than those in which its businesses currently operate if an acquisition presents an attractive opportunity.
Eastern manages the financial, operational, and strategic performance of its businesses to increase cash generation, operating earnings, and long-term shareholder value.
Eastern encompasses four operating entities within the United States, one wholly owned Canadian subsidiary located in Cambridge, Ontario, Canada, a wholly owned Taiwanese subsidiary located in Taipei, Taiwan, a wholly owned subsidiary in Hong Kong, two wholly owned Chinese subsidiaries (one located in Shanghai, China, and one located in Dongguan, China), and a wholly owned subsidiary in Reynosa, Mexico.
The Eastern Company has one reportable segment: Engineered Solutions. The Engineered Solutions segment provides engineered solutions to support our customer’s needs primarily in the commercial transportation and logistics markets. The Chief Operating Decision Maker (CODM) uses both segment gross profit and segment profit or loss from operations before interest and income taxes to allocate resources (including employees, property, and financial or capital resources) for the Engineered Solutions segment predominantly in the annual budget and forecasting process.
Company Operations
The Engineered Solutions segment consists of Big 3 Precision, including Big 3 Precision Products, Inc. (“Big 3 Products”) and Big 3 Mold Services, Inc. (“Big 3 Mold”) and Hallink Moulds, Inc. (“Hallink Moulds”); Eberhard Manufacturing Company (“Eberhard Manufacturing”), Eberhard Hardware Manufacturing Ltd. (“Eberhard Hardware”), Eastern Industrial Ltd, World Lock Company Ltd., Dongguan Reeworld Security Products Ltd., and World Security Industries (together “Eberhard”); and Velvac Holdings Inc. (“Velvac”). These businesses design, manufacture, and market a diverse product line of custom and standard vehicular and industrial hardware, including turnkey returnable packaging solutions, access and security hardware, mirrors, and mirror-cameras.
Big 3 Products and Big 3 Mold’s turnkey returnable packaging solutions are used in the assembly processes of vehicles, aircraft, and durable goods and in the production processes of plastic packaging products, packaged consumer goods and pharmaceuticals. Big 3 Products works with original equipment manufacturers (“OEMs”) to design and produce custom returnable transport packaging to integrate with OEM assembly processes. Big 3 Mold designs and manufactures blow mold tools. Hallink Moulds is a producer of injection blow mold tooling and is a supplier of blow molds and change parts to the food, beverage, healthcare, and chemical industry. Hallink specializes in the design, development and manufacture of 2-step stretch blow molds, and related components for the stretch blow molding industry, offering integrated turnkey solutions to its customers worldwide.
In 2020, we combined all businesses associated with Eberhard Manufacturing and Illinois Lock Company to create Eberhard, which specializes in the engineering and manufacturing of access and security hardware. Eberhard offers a standard product line of rotary latches, compression latches, draw latches, hinges, camlocks, key switches, padlocks, and handles among other products, as well as comprehensive development and program management services for custom electromechanical and mechanical systems designed for specific OEMs and customer applications. Eberhard’s products are found in an expansive range of applications and products globally.
Velvac is a designer and manufacturer of proprietary vision technology for OEMs and aftermarket applications, and a provider of aftermarket components to the heavy-duty truck market in North America. Velvac serves diverse, niche segments within the heavy- and medium-duty truck, motorhome, and bus markets.
Sales are made to customers primarily in North America.
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The Eastern Company
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
2. DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS
In the second quarter of 2021, we determined that the companies previously included in our former Diversified Products segment no longer fit with our long-term strategy and initiated the process of selling the companies within the former Diversified Products segment to allow management to focus on our core capabilities and offerings.
The former Diversified Products segment met the criteria to be held for sale and furthermore, we determined that the assets held for sale qualified for discontinued operations. As such, the financial results of Argo EMS are reflected in our condensed consolidated statements of operations as discontinued operations for 2022.
On October 19, 2022, the Company sold its Argo EMS business (“Argo”). Argo supplied printed circuit boards and other electronic assemblies to original equipment manufacturers in various industries, including measurement systems, semiconductor equipment manufacturing, and industrial control, medical, and military products.
On November 3, 2021, the Company sold its Greenwald Industries, Inc. division (“Greenwald”). Greenwald, located in Chester, CT, is an OEM manufacturer offering a range of payment solutions from coin-vending products to smart card systems and payment applications.
On November 22, 2021, the Company sold its Frazer & Jones Company division (“Frazer & Jones”). Frazer & Jones is a ductile and malleable iron foundry located in Syracuse, NY. Eastern has exited the mining business to focus on our three core businesses.
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The Eastern Company
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
Summarized Financial Information of Discontinued Operations
The following table represents income from discontinued operations, net of tax:
Year Ended
Cost of products sold - (5,137,380 )
Selling and administrative expenses - (891,519 )
Restructuring benefit (costs) - 305,539
Income (loss) from discontinued operations before income taxes - 1,666,312
Income tax (expense) benefit - (414,855 )
Gain (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax $ - $ 1,251,457
3. ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Fiscal Year
The Company’s year ends on the Saturday nearest to December 31. Based on this policy, fiscal years 2023 and 2022 were each comprised of 52 weeks. References in these Notes to the consolidated financial statements to “2023” or “fiscal year 2023” mean the fiscal year ended December 30, 2023, and references to “2022” or “fiscal year 2022” mean the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022. References to the “fourth quarter of 2023” or the “fourth fiscal quarter of 2023” mean the thirteen-week period from October 1, 2023 to December 30, 2023, and references to the “fourth quarter of 2022” or the “fourth fiscal quarter of 2022” mean the thirteen-week period from October 2, 2022 to December 31, 2022.
Principles of Consolidation
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its subsidiaries, all of which are wholly owned. All intercompany accounts and transactions are eliminated.
Reclassification
Product development expense is not a cost of product sold. Rather, these expenses are related to product development. The reclassification of these expenses does not affect the net income reported.
Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified for consistency with the current year presentation. These reclassifications had no effect on the reported results of operations.
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Eastern Company
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, as well as the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. On an ongoing basis the Company evaluates its estimates, including those related to product returns, bad debts, carrying value of inventories, intangible and other long-lived assets, income taxes, pensions, and other postretirement benefits. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Foreign Currency
For foreign operations asset and liability accounts are translated with an exchange rate at the respective balance sheet dates; income statement accounts are translated at the average exchange rate for the years. Resulting translation adjustments are made directly to a separate component of shareholders’ equity – “Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) – Foreign currency translation.” Foreign currency exchange transaction gains and losses are not material in any year.
Cash Equivalents
Highly liquid investments purchased with a maturity of three months or less are considered cash equivalents. The Company has deposits that exceed amounts insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) up to $250,000, but the Company does not consider this a significant concentration of credit risk based on the strength of the financial institution. Approximately 16% of available cash is located outside of the United States in our foreign subsidiaries.
Accounts Receivable
Accounts receivable are stated at their net realizable value. The Company maintains an allowance for doubtful accounts for estimated losses resulting from the inability of its customers to make required payments. The Company reviews the collectability of its receivables on an ongoing basis considering a combination of factors. The Company reviews potential problems, such as past due accounts, a bankruptcy filing or deterioration in the customer’s financial condition, to ensure the Company is adequately accrued for potential loss. Accounts are considered past due based on when payment was originally due. If a customer’s situation changes, such as a bankruptcy or change in creditworthiness, or there is a change in the current economic climate, the Company may modify its estimate of the allowance for doubtful accounts. The Company will write off accounts receivable after reasonable collection efforts have been made and the accounts are deemed uncollectible. As of December 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company’s allowance for doubtful accounts total was $0.6 million and $0.7 million, respectively. As of December 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, the Company’s bad debt expense was $0.1 million and $0.2 million, respectively.
Inventories
Inventories are valued at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Cost is determined by the last-in, first-out (LIFO) method at Eberhard ($18.2 million on December 30, 2023) and by the first-in, first-out (FIFO) method for inventories at Big 3 Precision, Velvac and outside the U.S. ($41.0 million on December 30, 2023).
Cost exceeded the LIFO carrying value by approximately $3.7 million on December 30, 2023 and $4.2 million on December 31, 2022. There was no material LIFO quantity liquidation in 2023 or 2022. In addition, as of the balance sheet dates, the Company has recorded reserves for excess/obsolete inventory.
Property, Plant and Equipment and Related Depreciation
Property, plant, and equipment (including equipment under finance lease of $0.9 million) are stated at cost. Depreciation expense ($3.5 million in 2023, $3.3 million in 2022) is computed using the straight-line method based on the following estimated useful lives of the assets: Buildings - 10 to 39.5 years; Machinery and equipment - 3 to 10 years.
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Eastern Company
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets
In accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 360-10, Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets, the Company reviews its long-lived assets and certain intangible assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. In such an event, the carrying value of long-lived assets is reviewed by management to determine if the value may be impaired. If this review indicates that the carrying amount will not be recoverable, as determined based on the estimated expected future cash flows attributable to the asset over the remaining amortization period, management will reduce the carrying amount to recognize the impairment and recognize an impairment loss. The measurement of the impairment loss to be recognized is to be based on the difference between the fair value and the carrying amount of the asset. Fair value is defined as the amount by which the asset could be bought or sold in a current transaction between willing parties. Where quoted market prices in active markets are not available, management would estimate fair value based on the best information available in the circumstances such as the price of similar assets, a discounted cash flow analysis or other techniques. No impairment losses were recognized for the years ended December 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.
Goodwill
The Company tests its reporting units for impairment annually in December, or more frequently if events or circumstances indicate it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. Such events and circumstances could include, among other things, increased competition or unexpected loss of market share, significant adverse changes in the markets in which the Company operates, or unexpected business disruptions. The Company tests reporting units for impairment by comparing the estimated fair value of each reporting unit with its carrying amount. If the carrying amount of a reporting unit exceeds its estimated fair value, the Company records an impairment loss based on the difference between fair value and carrying amount not to exceed the associated carrying amount of goodwill. Determining the fair value of a reporting unit involves the use of significant estimates and assumptions. The values assigned to the key assumptions represent management’s assessment of future trends in the relevant industry and have been based on historical data from both external and internal sources.
The Company performed qualitative assessments of goodwill as of the end of fiscal 2023 and 2022 and determined that no impairment existed at the end of 2023 and 2022.
The Company will continue to perform annual qualitative assessments as of the end of each fiscal year. Additionally, the Company will perform an interim analysis whenever conditions warrant.
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Eastern Company
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
Intangible Assets
Patents are recorded at cost and are amortized using the straight-line method over the lives of the patents. Technology and licenses are recorded at cost and are amortized on a straight-line basis over periods ranging from 1 to 20 years. Non-compete agreements and customer relationships are amortized using the straight-line method over their useful lives. Trademarks are deemed to have indefinite lives. If facts and circumstances indicate that the carrying value of the intangible assets, including definite life intangible assets, may be impaired, an evaluation is performed to determine if a write-down is required. No impairment losses were recognized for the years ended December 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
Fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. The company utilizes a fair value hierarchy, which maximizes the use of observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. The fair value hierarchy has three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value:
The Company’s financial instruments are primarily investments in marketable securities (Level 1) and pension assets, see Note 10, Retirement Benefit Plans.
The carrying amounts of other financial instruments (cash and cash equivalents, marketable securities, accounts receivable, accounts payable and debt) as of December 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, approximate fair value because of their short-term nature and market-based interest rates.
Leases
The Company presents right-of-use (“ROU”) assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet for all leases with terms longer than 12 months, in accordance with the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2016-02, Leases. The Company elected to account for non-lease components as part of the lease component to which they relate. Lease accounting involves significant judgements, including making estimates related to the lease term, lease payments, and discount rate.
The Company has operating leases for buildings, warehouses, and office equipment as well as finance leases for equipment. The Company determines whether an arrangement is, or contains, a lease at contract inception. An arrangement contains a lease if the Company has the right to direct the use of and obtain substantially all the economic benefits of an identified asset. ROU assets and lease liabilities are recognized at lease commencement based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. Leases with an initial term of 12 months or less are not recorded on the balance sheet; we recognize lease expense for these leases on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Many leases include one or more options to renew. The exercise of lease renewal options is at our sole discretion. The Company’s option to extend certain leases ranges from 1–120 months. All options to extend, when it is reasonably certain the option will be exercised, have been included in the calculation of the ROU asset and lease liability.
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Eastern Company
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
Currently, the Company has 22 operating leases with a lease liability of $17.2 million and two finance leases with a lease liability of $0.9 million as of December 30, 2023. The basis, terms, and conditions of the leases are determined by the individual agreements. The leases do not contain residual value guarantees, restrictions, or covenants that could cause the Company to incur additional financial obligations. We rent or sublease one real estate property to two unrelated third parties. There are no related party transactions. There are no leases that have not yet commenced that could create significant rights and obligations for the Company. The weighted average remaining lease term is 7.0 years.
Revenue Recognition
The Company recognizes revenue in accordance with ASC 606 when control of the promised goods or services is transferred to the customer in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services.
The Company considers several factors in determining that control transfers to the customer upon shipment of products. These factors include that legal title transfers to the customer, the Company has a present right to payment, and the customer has assumed the risk and rewards of ownership at the time of shipment.
Big 3 Mold may employ the efforts expended method for the percentage of completion for revenue recognition for certain transactions. The efforts expended method calculates the proportion of effort expended to date in comparison to the total effort expected to be expended for the contract. The amount of revenue recognized by employing the percentage of completion method was $1.1 million for the year ended December 30, 2023 and $1.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2022.
Based on historical experience, product returns have been immaterial, and the Company does not accrue a reserve for product returns. For the years ended December 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company recorded sales returns of $0.9 million and $0.6 million, respectively, as a reduction to revenue.
Sales and similar taxes that are imposed on the Company’s sales and collected from the customer are excluded from revenues.
Costs for shipping and handling activities, including those activities that occur after transfer of control to the customer, are recorded as cost of sales and are expensed as incurred.
For the years ended December 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company recorded no revenues related to performance obligations satisfied in prior periods. The Company has elected to use the practical expedient to exclude disclosure of transaction prices allocated to remaining performance obligations, and when the Company expects to recognize such revenue, for all periods prior to the date of initial application of the standard.
The Company notes that it is impracticable to provide revenues from external customers for each product and service.
See Note 12 – Geographic Information regarding the Company’s revenue disaggregated by geography.
Cost of Goods Sold
Cost of goods sold reflects the cost of purchasing, manufacturing, and preparing a product for sale. These costs generally represent the expenses to acquire or manufacture products for sale (including an allocation of depreciation and amortization) and are primarily comprised of direct materials, direct labor, and overhead, which includes indirect labor, facility and equipment costs, inbound freight, receiving, inspection, purchasing, warehousing, and any other costs related to the purchasing, manufacturing, or preparation of a product for sale.
Shipping and Handling Costs
Shipping and handling costs are included in the cost of goods sold.
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Eastern Company
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
Product Development Costs
Product development costs, charged to expense as incurred, were $5.6 million in 2023 and $4.2 million in 2022 and include costs to develop new or enhance existing products to better serve our customers.
Selling and Administrative Expenses
Selling and administrative expenses include all operating costs of the Company that are not directly related to the cost of purchasing, manufacturing, and preparing a product for sale. These expenses represent selling and administrative expenses for support functions and related overhead.
Advertising Costs
The Company expenses advertising costs as incurred. Advertising costs were $0.4 million in 2023 and $0.3 million in 2022.
Stock - Based Compensation
The Company accounts for its stock-based awards in accordance with ASC 718-10, Compensation, which requires a fair value measurement and recognition of compensation expense for all share-based payment awards made to its employees and Directors, including employee stock awards and restricted stock awards. The Company estimates the fair value of granted stock awards at the date of grant. This model requires the Company to make estimates and assumptions including, without limitation, estimates regarding the length of time an employee will retain vested stock awards before exercising them, the estimated volatility of the Company’s common stock price and the number of awards that will be forfeited prior to vesting. The fair value is then amortized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service periods of the awards, which is generally the vesting period. Changes in these estimates and assumptions can materially affect the determination of the fair value of stock-based compensation and consequently, the related amount recognized in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations.
Under the terms of the Director’s Fee Program, the directors receive their director’s fees in common shares of the Company.
Income Taxes
The Company and its U.S. subsidiaries file a consolidated U.S. federal income tax return.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on differences between financial reporting and tax basis of assets and liabilities and are measured using the enacted tax rates and laws that will be in effect when the differences are expected to reverse.
The Company accounts for uncertain tax positions pursuant to the provisions of ASC 740 which clarifies the accounting for uncertainty in income taxes recognized in a company’s financial statements. These provisions detail how companies should recognize, measure, present, and disclose uncertain tax positions that have or are expected to be taken. As such, the financial statements will reflect expected future tax consequences of uncertain tax positions presuming the taxing authorities’ full knowledge of the position and all relevant facts. See Note 8 - Income Taxes.
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The Eastern Company
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
4. GOODWILL
The following is a roll-forward of goodwill for 2023 and 2022:
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The Eastern Company
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
5. INTANGIBLES
Trademarks are not amortized as their lives are deemed to be indefinite. Amortization expense recognized in 2023 and 2022 was $4.0 million. Total amortization expense for each of the next five years is estimated to be as follows: 2024 - $3.9 million; 2025 - $3.9 million; 2026 - $3.4 million; 2027 - $2.4 million and 2028 - $1.0 million.
Weighted-Average
Amortization
Gross Amount
Patents and developed technology $ 7,677,970 4.1
Accumulated Amortization
Patents and developed technology $ 4,045,572
Gross Amount
Patents and developed technology $ 7,412,101 4.8
Accumulated Amortization
Patents and developed technology $ 3,395,729
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The Eastern Company
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
6. DEBT
On June 16, 2023, the Company entered into a Credit Agreement with TD Bank, N.A., Wells Fargo Bank, Bank of America, and M&T Bank as lenders (the “Credit Agreement”), that included a $60 million term portion and a $30 million revolving commitment portion. The proceeds of the term loan were used to repay the Company’s remaining outstanding term loan and to terminate its existing credit facility with Santander Bank, N.A. (approximately $59 million). The term loan portion of the credit facility requires quarterly principal payments of (i) $750,000 beginning on September 30, 2023 through June 30, 2025, (ii) $1,125,000 beginning on September 30, 2025 through June 30, 2027, and (iii) $1,500,000 beginning on September 30, 2027 through March 31, 2028, with the balance of the term loan payable on the maturity date of June 16, 2028. Amounts outstanding under the revolving portion of the credit facility are generally due and payable on the expiration date of the Credit Agreement (June 16, 2028). The Company can elect to prepay some or all the outstanding balance from time to time without penalty. A commitment fee is payable on the unused portion of the revolving credit facility based on the Company’s consolidated ratio of net debt to adjusted EBITDA from time to time. Currently, the commitment fee is 0.30%. As of September 30, 2023, the Company has not borrowed any funds on the revolving commitment portion of the credit facility.
The term loan bears interest at a variable rate based on the term secured overnight financing rate (“SOFR”), plus an adjustment of ten basis points, plus an applicable margin of 1.875% to 2.625%, depending on the Company’s senior net leverage ratio. Borrowings under the revolving portion bear interest at a variable rate based on, at the Company’s election, a base rate plus an applicable margin of 0.875% to 1.625% or term SOFR, plus an adjustment of ten basis points, plus an applicable margin of 1.875% to 2.625%, with such margins determined based on the Company’s senior net leverage ratio. The Company’s obligations under the Credit Agreement are secured by a lien on certain of the Company’s and its subsidiaries’ assets pursuant to a Pledge and Security Agreement, dated as of June 16, 2023, with TD Bank, N.A., as administrative agent.
The Company’s loan covenants under the Credit Agreement require the Company to maintain a senior net leverage ratio not to exceed 3.5 to 1. In addition, the Company is required to maintain a fixed charge coverage ratio to be not less than 1.25 to 1.
Debt consists of:
Revolving credit loan — —
Amounts are net of unamortized discounts and debt issuance costs of $564,265 as of December 30, 2023 and $113,769 as of December 31, 2022.
The Company paid interest of $3,388,347 in 2023 and $2,502,883 in 2022.
The Company’s loan covenants under the Credit Agreement require the Company to maintain a consolidated fixed charge coverage ratio of at least 1.25 to 1, which is to be tested quarterly on a twelve-month trailing basis. In addition, the Company is required to show a senior net leverage ratio not to exceed 3.5 to 1. Additionally, the Company has restrictions on, among other things, new capital leases, purchases or redemptions of its capital stock, mergers and divestitures, and new borrowings. The Company was in compliance with all covenants as of December 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.
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The Eastern Company
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
6. DEBT (continued)
As of December 30, 2023, scheduled annual principal maturities of long-term debt, net of deferred financing fees, for each of the next five years follow:
Thereafter —
7. STOCK OPTIONS AND AWARDS
Stock Awards
As of December 30, 2023, the Company has one incentive stock award plan, The Eastern Company 2020 Stock Incentive Plan (the “2020 Plan”), for officers, other key employees, and non-employee Directors. Incentive stock awards granted under the 2020 Plan must have exercise prices that are not less than 100% of the fair market value of the Company’s common stock on the dates the stock awards are granted. Restricted stock awards may also be granted to participants under the 2020 Plan with restrictions determined by the Compensation Committee of the Company’s Board of Directors. Under the 2020 Plan, non-qualified stock awards granted to participants will have exercise prices determined by the Compensation Committee of the Company’s Board of Directors. The Company granted 82,800 and 43,300 awards during 2023 and 2022, respectively.
The 2020 Plan also permits the issuance of Stock Appreciation Rights (“SARs”). The SARs are in the form of an award with a cashless exercise price equal to the difference between the fair value of the Company’s common stock at the date of grant and the fair value as of the exercise date resulting in the issuance of the Company’s common stock. The Company did not issue SARs in 2023 or 2022.
Stock-based compensation (income)/expense, including forfeitures, in connection with stock awards and SARs previously granted to employees was $(74,277) and $504,694 for fiscal years 2023 and 2022, respectively. The Company used fair market value to determine the associated expense with stock awards for the 2023 and 2022 fiscal years.
As of December 31, 2023, there were 880,973 shares of common stock reserved and available for future grant under 2020 Plan.
The following tables set forth the outstanding SARs for the period specified:
Units Weighted - Average Exercise Price Units Weighted - Average Exercise Price
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The Eastern Company
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
7. STOCK OPTIONS AND AWARDS(continued)
SARs Outstanding and Exercisable
The following tables set forth the outstanding stock grants for the period specified:
Shares Shares
As of December 30, 2023, outstanding SARs and awards had an intrinsic value of $2,289,440.
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The Eastern Company
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
8. INCOME TAXES
Deferred income taxes are provided on temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and those for income tax reporting purposes. Deferred income tax (assets) liabilities relate to:
Foreign Withholding Tax - 60,462
Net deferred income tax (assets) liabilities $ (2,283,571 ) $ (488,989 )
Income before income taxes consists of:
The provision for income taxes follows:
Current
Deferred:
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The Eastern Company
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
8. INCOME TAXES (continued)
A reconciliation of income taxes computed using the U.S. federal statutory rate to that reflected in operations follows:
Amount Percent Amount Percent
Impact on Foreign Repatriation Tax Reform 306,330 3 - 0
Impact of foreign subsidiaries on effective tax rate (297,728 ) (3 ) (41,404 ) 0
Impact of Research & Development tax credit (136,343 ) (1 ) (131,005 ) (1 )
A reconciliation of income taxes computed using the U.S. federal statutory rate to that reflected in operations follows for continuing operations:
Amount Percent Amount Percent
Impact on Foreign Repatriation Tax Reform 306,330 3 - 0
Impact of foreign subsidiaries on effective tax rate (297,728 ) (3 ) (41,404 ) 0
Impact of Research & Development tax credit (136,343 ) (1 ) (131,005 ) (1 )
A reconciliation of income taxes computed using the U.S. federal statutory rate to that reflected in operations follows for discontinued operations: