Multiples & cost of capital $218.85 · 2026-08-21 · marketstack Size & multiples Market Cap (close × cover-page shares) $153.85B Enterprise Value ⓘ — P/E (TTM) 43.34× PEG (trailing) — P/S 6.13× P/FCF 28.15× EV/EBITDA ⓘ — EV/EBIT — EV/Sales — EV/FCF — FCF Yield ⓘ 3.55% Buyback Yield 1.89% Owner Earnings Yield — Shareholder Yield 2.51% Cost of capital & EVAmethodology → Beta (5y monthly) 0.78 Risk-free (assumed) 4.00% Equity risk premium (assumed) 4.23% Cost of Equity — After-tax Cost of Debt 0.94% WACC — ROIC ⓘ — EVA Spread (ROIC−WACC) — EVA ⓘ —
Flows TTM (last 4 quarters); latest annual for: EPS (Diluted) · EPS TTM $5.05 · revenue TTM $25.11B · FCF TTM $5.47B
No four consecutive quarters could be summed for EPS (Diluted); these figures use the latest fiscal year, not a trailing twelve months. Some figures named '(TTM)' on this payload are the latest FISCAL YEAR, not a trailing twelve months — eps_ttm (fiscal year ended 2025-12-31). No four consecutive quarters could be summed for them — for an IFRS 20-F filer that is every income-statement line (no quarterly income statement is tagged to EDGAR at all); for a US filer it is usually one line the quarterly tagging skips. Each field's own basis is on field_basis. full derived coverage requires a plan Output of a disclosed model — assumptions may be wrong. Research, not investment advice. See the Disclaimer .
Own-history valuation (point-in-time) 141 monthly snapshots · 2014-12 → 2026-08
P/E (FY) 43.34× sits at the 75th percentile of its own 139-month range (2015-02→2026-08) — own median 28.25×, 12.66×–59.65× range
Own history, not peers · point-in-time, filing-date honest · Multiples above prints 43.34× on trailing-12-month earnings
Full 10Y 5Y 3Y 1Y
sector median from 844 Information Technology names in the same archive Column definitionsⓘ
Today — Latest value — live figure if it matches, else newest snapshot.
Own median — Middle of this name's own months in the window.
Own range — min→max rule, shaded p10–p90, tick median, dot today.
%ile — Where today ranks in its own history.
z — Standard deviations from its own mean.
Sector med. — Same-month sector median in the archive.
mo · distinct — Months · distinct values (the real sample size). Metric Today Own median Own range %ile z Sector med. mo · distinct ▾ P/E (FY) 43.34× 28.25× P/E — own p10–p90 15.77×–46.12×; range 12.66×–59.65×; median 28.25×; today 43.34× · 139 monthly observations 75th +0.70σ 32.13× 139 · 139 ▸ ROE (FY) 7.1% 10.3% ROE — own p10–p90 7.6%–15.1%; range 7.1%–15.1%; median 10.3%; today 7.1% · 127 monthly observations 3rd −1.52σ 4.1% 127 · 11 ▸ ROIC (FY) 6.9% (2021-01) 6.4% ROIC — own p10–p90 6.2%–6.9%; range 6.2%–6.9%; median 6.4%; today 6.9% · 60 monthly observations 90th +1.47σ 4.8% 60 · 5 ▸ Net Margin (FY) 14.7% 16.8% Net Margin — own p10–p90 13.6%–25.9%; range 13.3%–27.1%; median 16.8%; today 14.7% · 139 monthly observations 20th −0.88σ 1.6% 139 · 12 ▸ 12M Momentum −5.0% 18.2% 12M Momentum — own p10–p90 −12.6%–52.9%; range −25.7%–75.8%; median 18.2%; today −5.0% · 141 monthly observations 22nd −0.92σ 2.4% 141 · 138 ▸ EPS Growth 3Y (FY) −19.4% 3.5% EPS Growth 3Y — own p10–p90 −15.0%–33.6%; range −19.4%–33.6%; median 3.5%; today −19.4% · 103 monthly observations 3rd −1.50σ 11.5% 103 · 9 ▸ Sales Growth 3Y (FY) −2.7% 6.7% Sales Growth 3Y — own p10–p90 −1.3%–14.2%; range −2.7%–14.2%; median 6.7%; today −2.7% · 103 monthly observations 3rd −1.61σ 5.5% 103 · 9 Market Cap $153.85B not reconstructed — market cap was removed from the historical pass (never a ranking factor, and a reconstructed share count carries look-ahead risk). The single stored value is the forward-captured snapshot, not a series.
P/E (FY) · point-in-time monthly 139 monthly observations · 2015-02 → 2026-08
2016 2018 2020 2022 2024 2026 62.94× 9.37× 28.25× Today (live screener basis): 43.34× 2015-02-28 · P/E 16.16× · Information Technology median 27.71× (n=124) 2015-03-31 · P/E 15.72× · Information Technology median 27.05× (n=143) 2015-04-30 · P/E 15.16× · Information Technology median 26.68× (n=143) 2015-05-31 · P/E 15.98× · Information Technology median 27.47× (n=143) 2015-06-30 · P/E 15.85× · Information Technology median 26.95× (n=143) 2015-07-31 · P/E 16.95× · Information Technology median 27.13× (n=143) 2015-08-31 · P/E 16.11× · Information Technology median 24.79× (n=144) 2015-09-30 · P/E 15.78× · Information Technology median 24.24× (n=144) 2015-10-31 · P/E 17.28× · Information Technology median 26.87× (n=144) 2015-11-30 · P/E 17.85× · Information Technology median 26.77× (n=146) 2015-12-31 · P/E 17.20× · Information Technology median 25.10× (n=150) 2016-01-31 · P/E 16.04× · Information Technology median 23.59× (n=149) 2016-02-29 · P/E 12.66× · Information Technology median 23.00× (n=145) 2016-03-31 · P/E 13.45× · Information Technology median 24.91× (n=144) 2016-04-30 · P/E 13.72× · Information Technology median 24.56× (n=144) 2016-05-31 · P/E 13.95× · Information Technology median 23.88× (n=141) 2016-06-30 · P/E 14.32× · Information Technology median 24.51× (n=142) 2016-07-31 · P/E 15.23× · Information Technology median 26.06× (n=142) 2016-08-31 · P/E 15.23× · Information Technology median 27.27× (n=142) 2016-09-30 · P/E 14.66× · Information Technology median 27.58× (n=142) 2016-10-31 · P/E 14.69× · Information Technology median 27.09× (n=141) 2016-11-30 · P/E 14.62× · Information Technology median 27.83× (n=142) 2016-12-31 · P/E 14.56× · Information Technology median 27.43× (n=142) 2017-01-31 · P/E 15.70× · Information Technology median 29.03× (n=142) 2017-02-28 · P/E 20.78× · Information Technology median 29.04× (n=148) 2017-03-31 · P/E 20.77× · Information Technology median 30.35× (n=152) 2017-04-30 · P/E 20.24× · Information Technology median 31.06× (n=153) 2017-05-31 · P/E 20.63× · Information Technology median 32.02× (n=154) 2017-06-30 · P/E 20.50× · Information Technology median 30.49× (n=154) 2017-07-31 · P/E 19.79× · Information Technology median 31.90× (n=154) 2017-08-31 · P/E 20.26× · Information Technology median 30.34× (n=156) 2017-09-30 · P/E 20.83× · Information Technology median 32.33× (n=157) 2017-10-31 · P/E 22.41× · Information Technology median 33.46× (n=158) 2017-11-30 · P/E 22.92× · Information Technology median 33.39× (n=158) 2017-12-31 · P/E 22.54× · Information Technology median 33.66× (n=158) 2018-01-31 · P/E 24.60× · Information Technology median 35.96× (n=159) 2018-02-28 · P/E 24.56× · Information Technology median 32.75× (n=154) 2018-03-31 · P/E 24.59× · Information Technology median 31.01× (n=153) 2018-04-30 · P/E 25.19× · Information Technology median 30.83× (n=154) 2018-05-31 · P/E 24.93× · Information Technology median 31.65× (n=155) 2018-06-30 · P/E 24.78× · Information Technology median 33.00× (n=155) 2018-07-31 · P/E 25.76× · Information Technology median 32.64× (n=155) 2018-08-31 · P/E 26.00× · Information Technology median 34.52× (n=156) 2018-09-30 · P/E 27.29× · Information Technology median 34.21× (n=154) 2018-10-31 · P/E 24.96× · Information Technology median 29.85× (n=154) 2018-11-30 · P/E 27.51× · Information Technology median 31.70× (n=152) 2018-12-31 · P/E 25.90× · Information Technology median 28.38× (n=153) 2019-01-31 · P/E 27.86× · Information Technology median 31.18× (n=153) 2019-02-28 · P/E 30.11× · Information Technology median 30.48× (n=160) 2019-03-31 · P/E 31.29× · Information Technology median 30.43× (n=163) 2019-04-30 · P/E 31.39× · Information Technology median 31.51× (n=161) 2019-05-31 · P/E 31.29× · Information Technology median 28.20× (n=162) 2019-06-30 · P/E 33.88× · Information Technology median 29.08× (n=164) 2019-07-31 · P/E 33.30× · Information Technology median 29.63× (n=164) 2019-08-31 · P/E 33.68× · Information Technology median 30.05× (n=163) 2019-09-30 · P/E 34.24× · Information Technology median 29.35× (n=164) 2019-10-31 · P/E 32.67× · Information Technology median 28.89× (n=164) 2019-11-30 · P/E 34.60× · Information Technology median 29.81× (n=164) 2019-12-31 · P/E 36.38× · Information Technology median 30.65× (n=167) 2020-01-31 · P/E 38.13× · Information Technology median 31.45× (n=168) 2020-02-29 · P/E 31.65× · Information Technology median 29.91× (n=167) 2020-03-31 · P/E 30.30× · Information Technology median 26.24× (n=170) 2020-04-30 · P/E 35.78× · Information Technology median 29.78× (n=171) 2020-05-31 · P/E 36.47× · Information Technology median 31.78× (n=168) 2020-06-30 · P/E 38.71× · Information Technology median 32.50× (n=167) 2020-07-31 · P/E 44.61× · Information Technology median 34.63× (n=167) 2020-08-31 · P/E 45.20× · Information Technology median 34.25× (n=170) 2020-09-30 · P/E 47.13× · Information Technology median 33.32× (n=176) 2020-10-31 · P/E 50.25× · Information Technology median 33.50× (n=177) 2020-11-30 · P/E 49.17× · Information Technology median 38.88× (n=176) 2020-12-31 · P/E 48.63× · Information Technology median 41.99× (n=178) 2021-01-31 · P/E 52.06× · Information Technology median 39.44× (n=179) 2021-02-28 · P/E 39.82× · Information Technology median 39.30× (n=189) 2021-03-31 · P/E 40.81× · Information Technology median 40.28× (n=202) 2021-04-30 · P/E 46.04× · Information Technology median 41.07× (n=202) 2021-05-31 · P/E 46.44× · Information Technology median 41.13× (n=205) 2021-06-30 · P/E 48.65× · Information Technology median 42.68× (n=206) 2021-07-31 · P/E 53.93× · Information Technology median 43.84× (n=206) 2021-08-31 · P/E 58.77× · Information Technology median 44.68× (n=209) 2021-09-30 · P/E 55.19× · Information Technology median 42.34× (n=207) 2021-10-31 · P/E 56.52× · Information Technology median 42.81× (n=207) 2021-11-30 · P/E 58.31× · Information Technology median 41.07× (n=211) 2021-12-31 · P/E 59.65× · Information Technology median 41.86× (n=213) 2022-01-31 · P/E 51.81× · Information Technology median 38.67× (n=215) 2022-02-28 · P/E 28.25× · Information Technology median 30.03× (n=218) 2022-03-31 · P/E 30.20× · Information Technology median 29.16× (n=235) 2022-04-30 · P/E 25.86× · Information Technology median 25.69× (n=234) 2022-05-31 · P/E 27.16× · Information Technology median 26.95× (n=238) 2022-06-30 · P/E 26.10× · Information Technology median 24.50× (n=239) 2022-07-31 · P/E 30.01× · Information Technology median 27.77× (n=239) 2022-08-31 · P/E 27.79× · Information Technology median 26.64× (n=240) 2022-09-30 · P/E 26.59× · Information Technology median 24.18× (n=239) 2022-10-31 · P/E 25.91× · Information Technology median 24.60× (n=243) 2022-11-30 · P/E 28.15× · Information Technology median 27.72× (n=243) 2022-12-31 · P/E 27.33× · Information Technology median 25.24× (n=244) 2023-01-31 · P/E 27.22× · Information Technology median 27.72× (n=243) 2023-02-28 · P/E 22.72× · Information Technology median 26.31× (n=236) 2023-03-31 · P/E 23.13× · Information Technology median 26.65× (n=238) 2023-04-30 · P/E 21.74× · Information Technology median 24.84× (n=237) 2023-05-31 · P/E 21.07× · Information Technology median 27.73× (n=234) 2023-06-30 · P/E 22.02× · Information Technology median 29.03× (n=235) 2023-07-31 · P/E 23.40× · Information Technology median 30.52× (n=235) 2023-08-31 · P/E 24.32× · Information Technology median 30.12× (n=231) 2023-09-30 · P/E 22.77× · Information Technology median 28.31× (n=234) 2023-10-31 · P/E 19.88× · Information Technology median 26.45× (n=232) 2023-11-30 · P/E 23.12× · Information Technology median 28.09× (n=234) 2023-12-31 · P/E 23.95× · Information Technology median 30.23× (n=233) 2024-01-31 · P/E 24.84× · Information Technology median 29.57× (n=232) 2024-02-29 · P/E 39.68× · Information Technology median 33.32× (n=241) 2024-03-31 · P/E 39.14× · Information Technology median 32.82× (n=238) 2024-04-30 · P/E 38.66× · Information Technology median 30.80× (n=239) 2024-05-31 · P/E 40.25× · Information Technology median 31.60× (n=241) 2024-06-30 · P/E 39.16× · Information Technology median 31.41× (n=241) 2024-07-31 · P/E 43.43× · Information Technology median 31.99× (n=241) 2024-08-31 · P/E 42.21× · Information Technology median 31.42× (n=239) 2024-09-30 · P/E 43.58× · Information Technology median 31.46× (n=240) 2024-10-31 · P/E 38.50× · Information Technology median 31.67× (n=242) 2024-11-30 · P/E 37.57× · Information Technology median 34.97× (n=239) 2024-12-31 · P/E 35.98× · Information Technology median 34.50× (n=238) 2025-01-31 · P/E 34.91× · Information Technology median 34.75× (n=236) 2025-02-28 · P/E 39.27× · Information Technology median 33.15× (n=251) 2025-03-31 · P/E 38.75× · Information Technology median 29.89× (n=255) 2025-04-30 · P/E 37.68× · Information Technology median 29.20× (n=253) 2025-05-31 · P/E 35.90× · Information Technology median 32.67× (n=254) 2025-06-30 · P/E 37.34× · Information Technology median 34.45× (n=255) 2025-07-31 · P/E 37.27× · Information Technology median 34.01× (n=255) 2025-08-31 · P/E 38.91× · Information Technology median 35.61× (n=257) 2025-09-30 · P/E 37.48× · Information Technology median 35.97× (n=260) 2025-10-31 · P/E 40.71× · Information Technology median 35.06× (n=260) 2025-11-30 · P/E 42.87× · Information Technology median 33.58× (n=257) 2025-12-31 · P/E 43.27× · Information Technology median 34.62× (n=255) 2026-01-31 · P/E 41.38× · Information Technology median 33.78× (n=256) 2026-02-28 · P/E 41.71× · Information Technology median 31.08× (n=265) 2026-03-31 · P/E 37.54× · Information Technology median 30.46× (n=278) 2026-04-30 · P/E 35.44× · Information Technology median 34.18× (n=280) 2026-05-31 · P/E 36.17× · Information Technology median 34.75× (n=284) 2026-06-30 · P/E 37.72× · Information Technology median 33.66× (n=285) 2026-07-14 · P/E 39.64× · Information Technology median 33.44× (n=380) 2026-08-01 · P/E 38.85× · Information Technology median 32.13× (n=361) shaded = own p10–p90 · dashed = own median · right-edge tick = today
Multiple-implied price ladder · Full today 43.34× · $218.85 (2026-08-21 close)
Filed earnings only.
Own median 28.25× × $5.05 = $142.69 vs the $218.85 close · earnings held constant
Own multiple P/E Implied price vs close 10th percentile 15.77× $79.62 −63.6% 25th percentile 21.88× $110.50 −49.5% median 28.25× $142.69 −34.8% 75th percentile 38.80× $195.93 −10.5% 90th percentile 46.12× $232.89 +6.4% today 43.34× $218.85 —
▸ Show the arithmetic for every rowReference computation · 139 monthly P/E observations in Full · EPS basis FY2025 EPS (Diluted) $5.05 · close $218.85 (2026-08-21)ⓘ Not a forecast: each row re-prices today's filed earnings at a multiple this company itself once traded at. It abstains rather than guess on a loss year or a broken per-share basis.
Reconstructed point-in-time · 141 monthly snapshots 2014-12 → 2026-08 · 139 reconstructed, 2 live 2 forward-captured ⓘ Every month uses only what was filed by then, split-adjusted. Delisted names are absent and a trough year can throw one huge reading, so read the median, not the edges.
