ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

This discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with our financial statements and accompanying notes included elsewhere in this report. Operating results are not necessarily indicative of results that may occur in future periods.

Overview

We are a late-stage biopharmaceutical company focused on discovering, developing and commercializing first-in-class muscle activators and next-in-class muscle inhibitors as potential treatments for debilitating diseases in which muscle performance is compromised and/or declining. We have discovered and are developing muscle-directed investigational medicines that may potentially improve the health span of people with devastating cardiovascular and neuromuscular diseases of impaired muscle function. Our research and development activities relating to the biology of muscle function have evolved from our knowledge and expertise regarding the cytoskeleton, a complex biological infrastructure that plays a fundamental role within every human cell. As a leader in muscle biology and the mechanics of muscle performance, we are developing small molecule drug candidates specifically engineered to impact muscle function and contractility.

Our clinical-stage drug candidates are: aficamten, a next-in-class cardiac myosin inhibitor, omecamtiv mecarbil, a novel cardiac myosin activator, CK-586, an additional cardiac myosin inhibitor.and CK-136, a novel cardiac troponin activator.

For further information regarding our business, refer to Part I, Item 1 (Business) of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Critical Accounting Policies and Significant Estimates

Our discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based on our financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities and expenses and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. We review our estimates on an ongoing basis. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions. While our significant accounting policies are described in more detail in the notes to our financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, we believe the following accounting policies to be critical to the judgments and estimates used in the preparation of our financial statements.

Accrued Research and Development Expenditures

Clinical trial costs are a component of research and development expense. We accrue and expense clinical trial activities performed by third parties based upon actual work completed in accordance with agreements established with clinical research and manufacturing organizations and clinical sites. We determine the actual costs through monitoring patient enrollment, communications with internal personnel and external service providers regarding the progress or stage of completion of trials or services and the agreed-upon fee to be paid for such services.

Revenue Participation Right Purchase Agreements

We have entered into certain revenue participation right purchase agreements for omecamtiv mecarbil and aficamten with affiliates of Royalty Pharma, pursuant to which such affiliates purchased rights to royalties from certain revenue streams in exchange for consideration. We typically account for such agreements as liabilities to be amortized under the effective interest rate method over the life of the related royalty stream, when we have continuing involvement with the underlying R&D. We typically account for such agreements as deferred income to be amortized under the units-of-revenue method, when there is no continuing involvement with the underlying R&D. We are required to update our estimates, each reporting period, related to the amount and timing of future royalty payments to be paid to the counterparties of the revenue participation right purchase agreements. The estimates of the future royalty payment determine the measurement of the non-cash interest expense and the carrying value of the liability.

Revenue participation right purchase agreements are measured using significant unobservable inputs. The estimates of future royalties requires the use of several assumptions such as: the probability of clinical success, the probability of regulatory approval, the estimated date of a product launch, estimates of eligible patient populations, estimates of prescribing behavior and patient behavior, estimates of pricing, payor reimbursement and coverage, and sales ramp. As products containing aficamten and omecamtiv mecarbil have not yet been commercialized, the estimates are highly subjective.

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The carrying amount of the liabilities are based on our estimate of the future royalties to be paid over the life of the arrangements as discounted using an imputed rate of interest. The imputed rate of interest on the RP Aficamten Liability was approximately 24.8% as of December 31, 2023 and 22.4% as of December 31, 2022. In 2023, the change in estimate increased our non-cash interest expense and net loss by $2.0 million. The imputed rate of interest on the RP OM Liability was approximately 0.2% as of December 31, 2023 and 8.5% as of December 31, 2022. In 2023, the change in estimate decreased our non-cash interest expense and net loss by $12.8 million. We periodically assess the amount and timing of expected royalty payments and account for any changes in such estimates on a prospective basis.

As of December 31, 2023, we have a total carrying value of approximately $380.0 million of liabilities related to revenue participation right purchase agreements.

Results of Operations

A discussion of our results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2021 and year-to-year comparisons between 2022 and 2021 can be found in Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in our 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K under the heading "Results of Operations."

Revenues

Our revenues since inception were primarily from our strategic alliances. We have not generated any revenue from commercial product sales to date.

Revenues in 2023, 2022, and 2021 were as follows (in thousands):

Years Ended December 31, Change

(In millions)

Research and development revenues $ 4.0 $ 6.6 $ 10.6 $ (2.6 ) $ (4.0 )

Research and development revenues in 2023 were primarily from Astellas for reimbursements under the Astellas FSRA Agreement and from Ji Xing under the Ji Xing Agreements. In 2022, research and development revenues were primarily from Astellas for reimbursements under the Astellas FSRA Agreement.

Under the Astellas FSRA Agreement, Astellas agreed to pay one-third of the out-of-pocket clinical development costs which may be incurred in connection with the Company’s Phase 3 clinical trial of reldesemtiv in ALS, up to a maximum contribution by Astellas of $12 million. On March 31, 2023, we announced that we would be discontinuing COURAGE-ALS, our Phase 3 clinical trial of reldesemtiv in patients with ALS, and COURAGE-ALS OLE. As of December 31, 2023 we have billed and collected from Astellas up to the maximum contribution of $12.0 million, and no further revenue is expected under this arrangement.

Milestone revenues for 2023 consist primarily of a $2.5 mllion milestone payment from Ji Xing for the initiation of our Phase 3 clinical trial of aficamten in patients with nHCM (ACACIA-HCM).

In 2022, we recognized revenues of $87.0 million related to the RTW Royalty Purchase Agreement. On July 14, 2020, we entered the RTW Royalty Purchase Agreement with RTW Royalty Holdings, pursuant to which we sold our Mavacamten Royalty under the Research Collaboration Agreement, dated August 24, 2012, between us and MyoKardia, Inc. to RTW Royalty Holdings for a one-time payment of $85.0 million. The RTW Royalty Purchase Agreement transaction closed on November 13, 2020. On March 31, 2021, RTW Royalty Holdings assigned its rights and obligations under the RTW Royalty Purchase Agreement to its affiliate, RTW ICAV. We understand that on April 18, 2022, RTW ICAV and MyoKardia, Inc. entered into agreements, which purported to assign all of RTW ICAV's rights, title and interest to the Mavacamten Royalty to MyoKardia, Inc., and on April 25, 2022, we entered into a tripartite agreement with RTW ICAV and MyoKardia, Inc. acknowledging the release and discharge of any further obligations by us or MyoKardia, Inc. in connection to the Mavacamten Royalty. As a result of the full extinguishment of the Mavacamten Royalty, we recognized revenue of $87.0 million in2022.

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Research and Development Expenses

We incur research and development expenses associated with both partnered and our own research activities.

Research and development expenses related to any development we elect to fund consist primarily of employee compensation, supplies and materials, costs for consultants and contract research and manufacturing, facilities costs and depreciation of equipment.

Research and development expenses by program for 2023, 2022, and 2021 were as follows (in thousands):

Years Ended December 31, Change

(In millions)

Research and development expenses increased to $330.1 million in 2023 from $240.8 million in 2022, primarily due to higher expenses for our clinical development activities for our cardiac muscle contractility (i.e.SEQUOIA-HCM) and skeletal muscle contractility (i.e. COURAGE-ALS) and for early research activities.

On March 31, 2023, we announced that we would be discontinuing COURAGE-ALS and COURAGE-ALS OLE. Research and development expenses for COURAGE-ALS and COURAGE-ALS OLE was $42.9 million in 2023. We expect the related expenses will decrease in 2024.

We continue to develop aficamten to treat both oHCM and nHCM in two phase 3 clinical trials. MAPLE-HCM is our Phase 3 clinical trial of aficamten as a monotherapy for patients with oHCM and ACACIA-HCM is a Phase 3 clinical trial for patients with symptomatic nHCM. Additionally we have FOREST-HCM which is an open label extension study designed to assess the long term safety and tolerability of aficamten in patients with symptomatic oHCM.

On February 28, 2023, we received a CRL from FDA in connection with our NDA for omecamtiv mecarbil for the treatment of HFrEF. With the CRL, FDA communicated that GALACTIC-HF is not sufficiently persuasive to establish substantial evidence of effectiveness for reducing the risk of heart failure events and cardiovascular death in adults with chronic heart failure with HFrEF, in lieu of evidence from at least two adequate and well-controlled clinical investigations. FDA stated that results from an additional clinical trial of omecamtiv mecarbil are required to establish substantial evidence of effectiveness for the treatment of HFrEF, with benefits that outweigh the risks. In 2023, we participated in a Type A meeting with FDA in order to understand FDA’s views regarding the CRL and what may be required to support potential approval of omecamtiv mecarbil in the United States, and subsequently submitted a formal dispute resolution request to FDA, with the objective to appeal the FDA's conclusion, as stated in the CRL, that substantial evidence of effectiveness had not been established to support approval of omecamtiv mecarbil. FDA subsequently denied our appeal in November 2023 and reaffirmed its decision in the CRL that GALACTIC-HF is not sufficiently persuasive to establish substantial evidence of effectiveness for reducing the risk of heart failure events and cardiovascular death in adults with chronic heart failure with HFrEF, in lieu of evidence from at least two adequate and well-controlled clinical investigations.

Under our strategic alliances with Ji Xing, Ji Xing is responsible for the development of aficamten and omecamtiv mecarbil in China and Taiwan.

Clinical development timelines, the likelihood of success and total completion costs vary significantly for each drug candidate and are difficult to estimate. We anticipate that we will determine on an ongoing basis which research and development programs to pursue and how much funding to direct to each program, taking into account the potential scientific and clinical success of each drug candidate. The lengthy process of seeking regulatory approvals and subsequent compliance with applicable regulations requires the expenditure of substantial resources. Any failure by us to obtain and maintain, or any delay in obtaining, regulatory approvals could cause our research and development expenditures to increase and, in turn, could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations.

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General and Administrative Expenses

General and administrative expenses consist primarily of compensation for employees in executive and administrative functions, including, but not limited to, finance, human resources, legal, business and commercial development and strategic planning. Other significant costs include facilities costs, consulting costs and professional fees for accounting and legal services, including legal services associated with obtaining and maintaining patents and regulatory compliance.

General and administrative expenses by program for 2023, 2022, and 2021 were as follows (in thousands):

Years Ended December 31, Change

(In millions)

General and administrative expenses decreased to $173.6 million in 2023 from $178.0 million in 2022, primarily due to lower outside service spend related to commercial activities, offset by an increase in personnel related costs including stock-based compensation recorded in 2023.

We expect that general and administrative expenses will increase in the future, depending in part on the timing of and investments in commercial readiness.

Interest Expense

Interest expense for 2023, 2022, and 2021 were as follows (in thousands):

Years Ended December 31, Change

(In millions)

Interest expense in 2023 consists primarily of interest expense related to the RP Loan Agreement between us and RPDF and interest expense related to the 2026 Notes and 2027 Notes. Commensurate with our entry into the RP Loan Agreement, we terminated the Term Loan Agreement with Silicon Valley Bank and Oxford Finance LLC and repaid all amounts outstanding thereunder in January 2022. The RP Loan Agreement effectively replaced the Term Loan Agreement. In July 2022, we issued the 2027 Notes and used the net proceeds and common stock to partially repurchase the 2026 Notes.

Non-cash interest expense on liabilities related to revenue participation right purchase agreements

Non-cash interest expense results from the accretion of our liabilities to RPFT and RP ICAV related to the sale of future royalties under the RP OM RPA and the RP Aficamten RPA, respectively.

On January 7, 2022, we entered into the RP Aficamten RPA with RPI ICAV. Pursuant to the RP Aficamten RPA, RPI ICAV purchased the right to receive a percentage of net sales equal to 4.5% for annual worldwide net sales of pharmaceutical products containing aficamten up to $1 billion and 3.5% for annual worldwide net sales of pharmaceutical products containing aficamten in excess of $1 billion, subject to reduction in certain circumstances (the “RP Aficamten Liability”). The carrying amount of the RP Aficamten Liability is based on our estimate of the future royalties to be paid to RPI ICAV over the life of the arrangement as discounted using an imputed rate of interest. The imputed rate of interest on the unamortized portion of the RP Aficamten Liability was approximately 24.8% as of December 31, 2023.

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In 2023, we updated our analyses of the RP Aficamten RPA to reflect our assumptions resulting from ongoing global market research and to reflect other adjustments in connection with our anticipated commercialization, including the additional consideration of $50.0 million which was paid to us in September 2023 following the initiation of the first pivotal clinical trial in nHCM for aficamten. Our estimates regarding the amount of future royalty payments under the RP Aficamten RPA changed from the fourth quarter of 2022 due to changes in management’s estimates of unobservable inputs related to market conditions and timing to include projections of future royalty payments. The resulting sales forecast for aficamten has increased year over year mainly due to the receipt of positive topline results from SEQUOIA-HCM, the Phase 3 trial for aficamten, in December 2023. The adjustment is accounted for on a prospective basis in our liability calculation and resulted in changes in our imputed interest rate and non-cash interest expense from 22.4% and $5.2 million in the fourth quarter of 2022, 22.4% and $5.4 million in the first quarter of 2023, 19.0% and $4.9 million in the second quarter of 2023, 18.0% and $5.4 million in the third quarter of 2023, to 24.8% and $9.8 million in the fourth quarter of 2023. The non-cash interest expense was $25.5 million and $15.5 million in 2023 and 2022, respectively. In 2023, the change in estimate increased our non-cash interest expense and net loss by $2.0 million. The change in accounting estimate increased the net loss per share by $0.02 in 2023.

In 2023, we updated our analyses of the RP OM RPA to reflect our current assumptions resulting from ongoing global market research and to reflect other adjustments in connection with our anticipated commercialization, including the result of our receipt of a CRL in connection to our NDA for omecamtiv mecarbil. As a consequence of our receipt of the CRL from FDA, the royalty rate under the RP OM RPA will increase to no more than 5.5%. The resulting sales forecast for omecamtiv mecarbil has decreased year over year because commercialization and sales of omecamtiv mecarbil will be delayed. The adjustment is accounted for on a prospective basis in our liability calculation and resulted in changes in our imputed interest rate and non-cash interest expense from 8.5% and $4.0 million in the fourth quarter of 2022, 1.9% and $0.9 million in the first quarter of 2023, 2.9% and $1.4 million in the second and third quarter of 2023, and to 0.1% and $0.1 million in the fourth quarter of 2023, respectively. The non-cash interest expense was $3.9 million, $16.2 million, and $12.9 million in 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively. In 2023, the change in estimate decreased our non-cash interest expense and net loss by $12.8 million. The change in accounting estimate reduced the net loss per share by $0.13 in 2023.

We review our assumptions on a regular basis and our estimates may change in the future as we refine and reassess our assumptions.

Non-cash interest expense on liability related to the RP OM RPA and the RP Aficamten RPA for 2023, 2022, and 2021 were as follows (in thousands):

Years Ended December 31, Change

(In millions)

Total non-cash interest expense recognized $ 29.4 $ 31.7 $ 12.9 $ (2.3 ) $ 18.8

Interest and Other Income, net

Interest and other income, net for 2023, 2022, and 2021 consisted primarily of interest income generated from our cash, cash equivalents and investments.

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Liquidity and Capital Resources

Our cash, cash equivalents, and investments and a summary of our borrowings and working capital is summarized as follows:

(In millions)

Financial assets:

Cash and cash equivalents $ 113.0 $ 65.6

Long-term investments 40.5 46.7

Total cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities $ 655.3 $ 829.3

Borrowings:

Working capital:

The following table shows a summary of our cash flows for the periods set forth below:

Years Ended December 31,

(In millions)

Net cash used in operating activities $ (414.3 ) $ (299.5 ) $ (142.5 )

Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities 239.3 (262.1 ) (147.8 )

Sources and Uses of Cash

We have funded our operations and capital expenditures with proceeds primarily from private and public sales of our equity securities, a royalty monetization agreement, strategic alliances, long-term debt, other financings and interest on investments. We have generated significant operating losses since our inception. Our expenditures are primarily related to research and development activities.

Cash Flows Used in Operating Activities

Net cash used in operating activities of $414.3 million and $299.5 million for 2023 and 2022, respectively, was largely due to ongoing research and development activities and general and administrative expenses to support those activities. In 2022, the net cash used in operating activities was offset by collection of receivables primarily from our 2021 RTW Transactions. Net loss for 2023 and 2022 included, among other items: non-cash stock-based compensation, non-cash interest expense on liabilities related to revenue participation right purchase agreements, and non-cash interest expense related to debt.

Cash Flows Used in Investing Activities

Net cash provided by investing activities of $239.3 million for 2023 was primarily due to sales and maturities of investments offset by purchases of investments.

Net cash used in investing activities of $262.1 million for 2022 was primarily due to purchases of investments and property and equipment offset by proceeds from maturity of investments.

Cash Flows Provided by Financing Activities

Net cash provided by financing activities of $221.3 million in 2023 was due to proceeds from public offerings of common stock of $164.2 million under the Controlled Equity Offering Sales Agreement with Cantor Fitzgerald & Co discussed below and $50.0 million of additional consideration associated with the 2022 RP Aficamten Royalty Purchase Agreement which was paid to us in September 2023 and stock-based award activities.

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Net cash provided by financing activities of $516.2 million in 2022 was primarily due to proceeds related to RP Aficamten RPA and the RP Loan Agreement and offset by the repayment of amounts owed under our Term Loan Agreement and stock-based award activities.

Royalty Pharma Transactions

On January 7, 2022, we announced that we had entered into that certain RP Loan Agreement and the RP Aficamten RPA with RPDF and RPI ICAV respectively, each of which were at the time of our entry into such agreements affiliated with Royalty Pharma International plc.

Under the RP Loan Agreement, we were initially entitled to receive up to $300.0 million in term loans, $50.0 million of which was disbursed to us on closing and the remaining $250.0 million scheduled to have been available to us upon our satisfaction of customary disbursement conditions and certain development conditions by specific deadlines, as follows:

•

$50.0 million of tranche 2 term loans during the one year period following the receipt on or prior to March 31, 2023 of marketing approval from FDA of omecamtiv mecarbil;

•

$25.0 million of tranche 3 term loans during the one year period following the commercial availability of a diagnostic test measuring levels of omecamtiv mecarbil to support the final FDA label language applicable to such drug, subject to such commercial availability and the conditions to the tranche 2 term loans having occurred on or prior to March 31, 2023;

•

$75.0 million of tranche 4 term loans during the one year period following the receipt on or prior to September 30, 2024 of positive results from SEQUOIA-HCM, the Phase 3 trial for aficamten; and

•

$100.0 million of tranche 5 term loans during the one year period following the acceptance by the FDA on or prior to March 31, 2025 of an NDA for aficamten, subject to the conditions to the tranche 4 term loans having occurred on or prior to September 30, 2024.

As a result of our receipt of a CRL in connection to our NDA for omecamtiv mecarbil, we have not satisfied the conditions to the availability of the tranche 2 and tranche 3 loans under the RP Loan Agreement.

In December 2023, we announced positive topline results from SEQUOIA-HCM, the Phase 3 trial for aficamten. This entitled us to receive $75.0 million under tranche 4 during the one year period following the receipt of the positive results and requires us to draw a minimum of at least $50.0 million of the $75.0 million available under tranche 4.

The remaining $100.0 million under tranche 5 remains available for disbursement to us, subject to satisfaction of the conditions described above.

We may prepay the term loans in full (but not in part) at any time at our option by paying an amount equal to the unpaid portion of Final Payment Amount for the outstanding term loans under the RP Loan Agreement; provided that if the conditions for either the tranche 4 term loans or the tranche 5 term loans have been met, we must have borrowed at least $50 million principal amount of the tranche 4 or 5 term loans. In addition, the term loans under the RP Loan Agreement are repayable in full at the option of either us or the lender in an amount equal to the unpaid portion of Final Payment Amount for the outstanding term loans upon a change of control of Cytokinetics.

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The RP Aficamten RPA also provides that the parties will negotiate terms for additional funding if we achieve proof of concept results in certain other indications for aficamten, with a reduction in the applicable royalty if we and RPI ICAV fail to agree on such terms in certain circumstances.

Pursuant to the RP Aficamten RPA, RPI ICAV purchased the right to receive a percentage of net sales equal to 4.5% for annual worldwide net sales of pharmaceutical products containing aficamten up to $1 billion and 3.5% for annual worldwide net sales of pharmaceutical products containing aficamten in excess of $1 billion, subject to reduction in certain circumstances.

Convertible Notes

On November 13, 2019, we issued $138.0 million aggregate principal amount of 2026 Notes. On July 6, 2022, we issued $540.0 million aggregate principal amount of 2027 Notes and used approximately $140.3 million of the net proceeds from the offering of 2027 Notes and issued 8,071,343 shares of common stock to repurchase approximately $116.9 million aggregate principal amount of the 2026 Notes pursuant to privately negotiated exchange agreements entered into with certain holders of the 2026 Notes concurrently with the pricing of the offering of the 2027 Notes. As a result of the partial repurchase of the 2026 Notes, we recorded an inducement loss of $22.2 million, consisting of the difference between the consideration to the holders pursuant to the exchange agreements and the if-converted value of the 2026 Notes under the original terms. As of December 31, 2023, there remains $21.1 million aggregate principal amount of 2026 Notes outstanding and $540.0 million of aggregate principal amount of 2027 Notes outstanding. The 2026 Notes are redeemable, in whole or in part, at our option at any time, and from time to time, and, in the case of any partial redemption, on or before the 60th scheduled trading day before the maturity date, at a cash redemption price equal to the principal amount of the 2026 Notes to be redeemed, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to, but excluding, the redemption date but only if the last reported sale price per share of our common stock exceeds 130% of the conversion price on (1) each of at least 20 trading days, whether or not consecutive, during the 30 consecutive trading days ending on, and including, the trading day immediately before the date we may send the related redemption notice; and (2) the trading day immediately before the date we may send such notice.

2021 Ji Xing and RTW Transactions

On December 20, 2021, we entered into the Ji Xing OM License Agreement, pursuant to which we granted to Ji Xing an exclusive license to develop and commercialize omecamtiv mecarbil in China and Taiwan. Under the terms of the Ji Xing OM License Agreement, we received a $50.0 million nonrefundable payment from Ji Xing comprised of a $40.0 million payment as consideration for the rights granted by us to Ji Xing and $10.0 million attributable to our having submitted to FDA an NDA for omecamtiv mecarbil. We may be eligible to receive from Ji Xing additional payments totaling up to $330.0 million for the achievement of certain commercial milestone events in China in connection to omecamtiv mecarbil. In addition, Ji Xing will pay us tiered royalties in the mid-teens to the low twenties range on the net sales of pharmaceutical products containing omecamtiv mecarbil in China and Taiwan, subject to certain reductions for generic competition, patent expiration and payments for licenses to third party patents. The Ji Xing OM License Agreement, unless terminated earlier, will continue on a market-by-market basis until expiration of the relevant royalty term. We recognized a $2.5 million milestone from Ji Xing in 2023 for the initiation of a phase 3 clinical trial for aficamten in nHCM, which was collected in the fourth quarter of 2023.

In addition to the Ji Xing OM License Agreement, we entered into common stock purchase agreements with each of the RTW Investors, pursuant to which we sold and issued an aggregate of 0.5 million shares of our common stock at a price per share of $39.125 and an aggregate purchase price of $20.0 million.

Controlled Equity Offering Sales Agreement with Cantor Fitzgerald & Co.

On March 1, 2023, we entered into the Amended ATM Facility, with Cantor, under which we may offer and sell, from time to time at our sole discretion, shares of the Common Stock having an aggregate offering price of up to $300.0 million through Cantor, as sales agent. The Amended ATM Facility amends, restates and supersedes the Controlled Equity Offering Sales Agreement dated as of March 6, 2019 between the Company and Cantor.

Cantor may sell the Common Stock by any method that is deemed to be an “at the market offering” as defined in Rule 415 of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, including sales made directly on the Nasdaq Global Select Market or any other trading market for our common stock. Cantor will use commercially reasonable efforts to sell the Common Stock from time to time, based upon instructions from us (including any price, time or size limits or other customary parameters or conditions we may impose). We will pay Cantor a commission of up to 3.0% of the aggregate gross sales proceeds of any common stock sold through Cantor under the Amended ATM Facility, and also have provided Cantor with customary indemnification rights.

In 2023, we issued 5,016,170 shares of our common stock for net proceeds of $164.2 million pursuant to the Amended ATM Facility.

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Future Uses of Cash

In future periods, we expect to incur substantial costs as we continue to expand our research programs and related research and development activities. We expect to incur significant research and development expenses as we advance the research and development of compounds from our other muscle biology programs through research to candidate selection to clinical development, and we plan to file one to two investigational new drug applications in 2023. We may also incur significant sales and marketing expenses in anticipation of regulatory approval of one of our drug candidates.

Our future capital uses and requirements depend on numerous factors. These factors include, but are not limited to, the following:

•

the initiation, progress, timing, scope and completion of preclinical research, non-clinical development, CMC, and clinical trials for our drug candidates and other compounds;

•

the time and costs involved in obtaining regulatory approvals;

•

the jurisdictions in which we are granted regulatory approvals and thus are able to successfully launch our products for commercial sale;

•

delays that may be caused by requirements of regulatory agencies;

•

our level of funding for the development of current or future drug candidates;

•

the number of drug candidates we pursue and the stage of development that they are in;

•

the costs involved in filing and prosecuting patent applications and enforcing or defending patent claims;

•

our ability to establish and maintain selected strategic alliances required for the development of drug candidates and commercialization of our potential drugs;

•

our plans or ability to expand our drug development capabilities, including our capabilities to conduct clinical trials for our drug candidates;

•

our plans or ability to engage third-party manufacturers for our drug candidates and potential drugs;

•

our plans or ability to build or access sales and marketing capabilities and to achieve market acceptance for potential drugs;

•

the expansion and advancement of our research programs;

•

the hiring of additional employees and consultants;

•

the acquisition of technologies, products and other business opportunities that require financial commitments;

•

our revenues, if any, from successful development of our drug candidates and commercialization of potential drugs;

•

the cost of additional construction to expand our headquarters in South San Francisco and in relation to our leased office facilities in Radnor, Pennsylvania; and

•

the payments due for interest on the term loan and convertible debt;

We have incurred an accumulated deficit of approximately $2.1 billion since inception and there can be no assurance that we will attain profitability. We are subject to risks common to clinical-stage companies including, but not limited to, development of new drug candidates, dependence on key personnel, and the ability to obtain additional capital as needed to fund our future plans. Our liquidity will be impaired if sufficient additional capital is not available on terms acceptable to us, if at all. Until we achieve profitable operations, we intend to continue to fund operations through payments from strategic collaborations, additional sales of equity securities, grants and other financings. We have never generated revenues from commercial sales of our drugs and may not have drugs to market for at least several years, if ever. Therefore, our success is dependent on our ability to obtain additional capital by entering into new strategic collaborations and/or through financings, and ultimately on our and our collaborators’ ability to successfully develop and market one or more of our drug candidates. We cannot be certain that sufficient funds will be available from such collaborators or financings when needed or on satisfactory terms. Additionally, there can be no assurance that any of our drug candidates will be accepted in the marketplace or that any future products can be developed or manufactured at an acceptable cost. These factors could have a material adverse effect on our future financial results, financial position and cash flows.

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Based on the current status of our development plans, we believe that our existing cash and cash equivalents, investments and interest earned on investments will be sufficient to meet our projected operating requirements for at least the next 12 months. If, at any time, our prospects for internally financing our research and development programs decline, we may decide to reduce research and development expenses by delaying, discontinuing or reducing our funding of development of one or more of our drug candidates or of other research and development programs. Alternatively, we might raise funds through strategic relationships, public or private financings or other arrangements. There can be no assurance that funding, if needed, will be available on attractive terms, or at all, or in accordance with our planned timelines. Furthermore, financing obtained through future strategic relationships may require us to forego certain commercialization and other rights to our drug candidates. Similarly, any additional equity financing may be dilutive to stockholders and debt financing, if available, may involve restrictive covenants. Our failure to raise capital as and when needed could have a negative impact on our financial condition and our ability to pursue our business strategy.

Segment Information

We have one primary business activity and operate in one reportable segment.

ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

We are exposed to market risks in the ordinary course of our business. These risks primarily include risk related to interest rate sensitivities.

Market Risk and Interest Rate Risk

We are exposed to market risk related to changes in interest rates. As of December 31, 2023, we had cash and investments of $655.4 million, which consist of U.S. Treasury securities, U.S. and non-U.S. government agency bonds, commercial paper, global portfolio of corporate debt, money market fund, and repurchase agreements backed by U.S. Treasury securities. To reduce the volatility relating to these exposures, we have put investment and risk management policies and procedures in place. The primary objective of our investment activities is to preserve capital to fund our operations. We do not enter into investments for trading or speculative purposes and have not used any derivative financial instruments to manage our interest rate risk exposure. Our investments are subject to interest rate risk and could fall in value if market interest rates increase. We have not been exposed to, nor do we anticipate being exposed to, material risks due to changes in interest rates. A 1% increase or decrease in current interest rates would not have a material effect on our financial results.

We had $21.1 million under 2026 Notes with a fixed rate of 4.0% and $540.0 million under 2027 Notes with a fixed rate of 3.5% outstanding as of December 31, 2023. The convertible notes issued at fixed interest rates are exposed to fluctuations in fair value resulting from changes in market price and interest rates. We do not record our convertible debt at fair value but present the fair value for disclosure purposes (see Note 7 to our Consolidated Financial Statements). As of December 31, 2022, the fair value of the 2026 Notes and 2027 Notes was estimated at $168.4 million and $990.4 million using quoted market prices.

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ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA

INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Page

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (PCAOB ID 42) 76

Consolidated Balance Sheets 78

Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss 79

Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ (Deficit) Equity 80

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows 81

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 82

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REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

The Board of Directors and Stockholders

Cytokinetics, Incorporated

Opinion on the Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Cytokinetics, Incorporated (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the related consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss, stockholders’ (deficit) equity, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2023, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company at December 31, 2023 and 2022, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2023, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2023, based on criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 Framework) and our report dated February 28, 2024 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.

Basis for Opinion

These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Critical Audit Matter

The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective or complex judgments. The communication of the critical audit matter does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.

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Measurement of Revenue Participation Right Purchase Agreements

/s/ Ernst & Young LLP

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2018.

San Jose, California

February 28, 2024

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CYTOKINETICS, INCORPORATED

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(In thousands, except share and per share data)

December 31,

ASSETS

Current assets:

Prepaid expenses and other current assets 11,944 12,462

LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ DEFICIT

Current liabilities:

Short-term operating lease liabilities 17,891 12,829

Current portion of long-term debt 10,080 958

Other non-current liabilities 186 1,044

Commitments and contingencies

Stockholders’ deficit:

Preferred stock, $0.001 par value:

Authorized: 10,000,000 shares; Issued and outstanding: none — —

Common stock, $0.001 par value:

Accumulated other comprehensive loss (10 ) (3,590 )

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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CYTOKINETICS, INCORPORATED

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS

(In thousands, except per share data)

Years Ended December 31,

Revenues:

License revenues — — 54,856

Realization of revenue participation right purchase agreement — 87,000 —

Operating expenses:

Loss on extinguishment of debt — (24,939 ) —

Net loss per share — basic and diluted $ (5.45 ) $ (4.33 ) $ (2.80 )

Other comprehensive gain (loss):

Foreign currency translation adjustments (20 ) — —

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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CYTOKINETICS, INCORPORATED

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ (DEFICIT) EQUITY

(In thousands, except shares)

Shares Amount Capital Loss Deficit (Deficit) Equity

Net share settlement — — (418 ) — — (418 )

Other comprehensive loss — — — (1,018 ) — (1,018 )

Issuance of common stock under restricted stock units 707,772 — — — — —

Exercise of warrants 28,306 — — — — —

Other comprehensive loss — — — (2,721 ) — (2,721 )

Vesting of restricted stock units 721,216 1 — — — 1

Other comprehensive income — — — 3,580 — 3,580

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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CYTOKINETICS, INCORPORATED

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(In thousands)

Years Ended December 31,

Cash flows from operating activities:

Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:

Impairment of right-of-use assets — — 2,844

Realized gain on investment, net 35 107 —

Interest receivable and amortization on investments (15,735 ) (4,710 ) 4,894

Loss on extinguishment of debt — 2,693 —

Loss on inducement of convertible debt — 22,246 —

Changes in operating assets and liabilities:

Deferred revenue — (87,000 ) —

Cash flows from investing activities:

Cash flows from financing activities:

Repayment of finance lease liabilities (858 ) (944 ) —

Repayment of term loan — (47,651 ) —

Debt extinguishment costs — (2,409 ) —

Repayment of convertible debt — (140,330 ) —

Proceeds from issuance of convertible debt, net — 523,586 —

Proceeds from private placement, net — — 15,144

Cash settlement of capped call options associated with 2026 Notes — 26,392 —

Effect of exchange rate changes (20 ) — —

Supplemental cash flow disclosures:

Non-cash investing and financing activities:

Amounts unpaid for purchases of property and equipment $ — $ 621 $ 11,982

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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CYTOKINETICS, INCORPORATED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS— (Continued)

CYTOKINETICS, INCORPORATED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Note 1 — Organization and Accounting Policies

Organization

Cytokinetics, Incorporated (the “Company”, “we” or “our”) was incorporated under the laws of the state of Delaware on August 5, 1997. We are a late-stage biopharmaceutical company focused on the discovery and development of novel small molecule therapeutics that modulate muscle function for the potential treatment of serious diseases and medical conditions.

Our financial statements contemplate the conduct of our operations in the normal course of business. We have incurred an accumulated deficit of approximately $2.1 billion since inception and there can be no assurance that we will attain profitability. We had a net loss of $526.2 million and net cash used in operations of $414.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2023. Cash, cash equivalents, and investments decreased to $655.4 million as of December 31, 2023 from $829.3 million as of December 31, 2022. We anticipate that we will have operating losses and net cash outflows in future periods.

We are subject to risks common to late-stage biopharmaceutical companies including, but not limited to, development of new drug candidates, dependence on key personnel, and the ability to obtain additional capital as needed to fund our future plans. Our liquidity will be impaired if sufficient additional capital is not available on terms acceptable to us. To date, we have funded operations primarily through sales of our common stock, contract payments under our collaboration agreements, sales of future revenues and royalties, debt financing arrangements, government grants and interest income. Until we achieve profitable operations, we intend to continue to fund operations through payments from strategic collaborations, additional sales of equity securities, grants and debt financings. We have never generated revenues from commercial sales of our drugs and may not have drugs to market for several years, if ever. Our success is dependent on our ability to enter into new strategic collaborations and/or raise additional capital and to successfully develop and market one or more of our drug candidates. We cannot be certain that sufficient funds will be available from such a financing or through a collaborator when required or on satisfactory terms. Additionally, there can be no assurance that our drug candidates will be accepted in the marketplace or that any future products can be developed or manufactured at an acceptable cost. These factors could have a material adverse effect on our future financial results, financial position and cash flows.

Based on the current status of our research and development activities, we believe that our existing cash, cash equivalents, and investments will be sufficient to fund cash requirements for at least the next 12 months after the issuance of these consolidated financial statements. If, at any time, our prospects for financing our research and development programs decline, we may decide to reduce research and development expenses by delaying, discontinuing or reducing our funding of one or more of our research or development programs. Alternatively, we might raise funds through strategic collaborations, public or private financings or other arrangements. Such funding, if needed, may not be available on favorable terms, or at all. The financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures of contingent liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. We evaluate our estimates on an ongoing basis. We base our estimates on our historical experience and also on assumptions that we believe are reasonable; however, actual results could significantly differ from those estimates.

Basis of Presentation

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Cytokinetics, Incorporated and its wholly-owned subsidiaries and have been prepared in accordance with GAAP. Intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation. Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform the prior period presentation to the current year.

Concentration of Credit Risk and Other Risks and Uncertainties

Financial instruments that potentially subject us to concentrations of risk consist principally of cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash, investments, and accounts receivable.

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CYTOKINETICS, INCORPORATED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS— (Continued)

Our cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash, and investments held with large financial institutions in the United States and deposits may exceed the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation’s insurance limit.

Drug candidates we develop may require approvals or clearances from the FDA or other regulatory agencies prior to commercial sales. There can be no assurance that our drug candidates will receive any of the required approvals or clearances. If we were to be denied approval, or clearance or any such approval or clearance was to be delayed, it would have a material adverse impact on us.

Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash

We consider all highly liquid investments with a maturity of three months or less at the time of purchase to be cash equivalents, which consist of money market funds and repurchase agreements backed by U.S. Treasury securities. Repurchase agreements are collateralized by US Treasury securities for an amount not less than 102% of their value and are reported at a carrying value which approximates fair value due to their short duration.

A reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash reported in our consolidated balance sheets to the amount reported within our consolidated statements of cash flows was as follows (in thousands):

December 31,

As of December 31, 2023, our restricted cash balance of $0.4 millionis used to collateralize letters of credit.

Investments

Our investments consist of U.S. Treasury securities, U.S. government agency securities, commercial paper, corporate obligations, and money market funds. We designate all investments as available-for-sale and report them at fair value, based on quoted market prices, with unrealized gains and losses recorded in accumulated other comprehensive loss. The cost of securities sold is based on the specific-identification method. Investments with original maturities greater than three months and remaining maturities of one year or less are classified as short-term investments. Investments with remaining maturities greater than one year are classified as long-term investments.

All of our available-for-sale investments are subject to a periodic impairment review. For each available-for-sale investment whose fair value is below its amortized cost, we determine if the impairment is a result of a credit-related loss or other factors using both quantitative and qualitative factors. If the impairment is a result of a credit-related loss, we recognize an allowance for credit losses. If the impairment is not a result of a credit loss, we recognize the loss in other comprehensive loss.

Property and Equipment, net

Property and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and are depreciated on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of the related assets, which are generally three years for computer equipment and software, five years for laboratory equipment and office equipment, and seven years for furniture and fixtures. Amortization of leasehold improvements and finance lease right-of-use assets are computed using the straight-line method over the shorter of the remaining lease term or the estimated useful life of the related assets, typically ranging from three to twelve years. Upon sale or retirement of assets, the costs and related accumulated depreciation and amortization are removed from the balance sheet and the resulting gain or loss is reflected in operations.

Impairment of Long-lived Assets

We review long-lived assets, including property, equipment and right-of-use assets, for impairment whenever events or changes in business circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the assets may not be fully recoverable. Impairment is measured as the amount by which the carrying amount of a long-lived asset exceeds its fair value. We would recognize an impairment loss when estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected to result from the use of the asset and its eventual disposition are less than its carrying amount.

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CYTOKINETICS, INCORPORATED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS— (Continued)

Leases

We determine if the arrangement contains a lease at inception based on whether the contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset. The lease classification is determined at lease commencement, which is the date the underlying asset is available for use by the Company, and preliminary based on whether the arrangement is effectively a financed purchase of the underlying asset (finance lease) or not (operating lease). We determined the lease term at the commencement date by considering whether renewal options and termination options are reasonably assured of exercise. In addition to the fixed minimum lease payments required under the lease arrangements, certain leases include payments of operating expenses that may be revised based on the landlord’s estimate. These variable payments are excluded from the lease payments used to determine the right-of-use asset and lease liability and are recognized when the associated activity occurs.

We recognize right-of-use assets and short-term and long-term lease liabilities on our consolidated balance sheets for operating leases. The right-of-use asset and short-term and long-term lease liabilities for finance leases are recognized in property and equipment, other current liabilities, and other non-current liabilities, respectively, on the consolidated balance sheets.

In determining the present value of lease payments, we estimated our incremental borrowing rate based on information available upon commencement. We base the lease liabilities on the present value of remaining lease payments over the remaining terms of the leases using an estimated rate of interest that we would pay to borrow equivalent funds on a collateralized basis at the lease commencement date. The initial right-of-use asset, for both operating and finance leases, is measured based on the lease liability adjusted for any initial direct costs, lease prepayments, and lease incentives.

We recognize rent expense for operating leases on a straight-line basis over the lease term in operating expenses on the consolidated statements of operations. Finance lease right-of-use assets are amortized on a straight-line basis over the shorter of the expected useful life or the lease term, and the carrying amount of the lease liability is adjusted to reflect interest, which is recorded in interest expense.

We exclude from our consolidated balance sheets recognition of leases having a term of 12 months or less (short-term leases). We account for lease and non-lease components as a single component for our operating leases.

Revenue Recognition

We recognize revenue when we transfer promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration for those goods or services.

At contract inception, we assess the goods or services promised within each contract and assess whether each promised good or service is distinct and determine those that are performance obligations. For example, a license to our intellectual property is determined to be distinct from other performance obligations if licensee is able to use and benefit from the license on its own. Otherwise, licenses are bundled with other promises, such as ongoing research and development services, as combined performance obligation.

We enter into collaborative arrangements with partners that typically include payment to us for one of more of the following: (i) up-front license fees; (ii) milestone payments related to the achievement of developmental, regulatory, or commercial goals; (iii) royalties on net sales of licensed products; and (iv) research and development cost reimbursements. Up-front license fees are included in the transaction price. Development and regulatory milestone payments are included in the transaction price using the most likely amount method, if we conclude it is probable that a significant revenue reversal would not occur. For contracts that include sales-based royalties or sales-based milestones, we recognize revenue at the later of (i) when the related sales occur, or (ii) when the performance obligation to which some or all of the royalty or sales-based milestone has been allocated has been satisfied.

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CYTOKINETICS, INCORPORATED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS— (Continued)

Our joint programs with Astellas under the Astellas OSSA Agreement, and with Amgen under the Amgen Agreement (both of the Astellas OSSA Agreement and the Amgen Agreement having now been terminated), included promises of research and development services. We also entered into the Astellas FSRA Agreement on April 23, 2020. Under the Astellas FSRA Agreement, Astellas agreed to pay one-third of the out-of-pocket clinical development costs which may be incurred in connection with the Company’s Phase 3 clinical trial of reldesemtiv in ALS, up to a maximum contribution by Astellas of $12.0 million. We determined that these services collectively were distinct from any licenses provided to Astellas and Amgen under such agreements, and as such, these services were accounted for as a separate performance obligation recorded over time. We recognized revenue for these services as the performance obligations were satisfied, which we estimated using internal research and development costs incurred.

When a collaborative agreement has more than one performance obligation, we must develop estimates and assumptions that require judgment to determine the underlying stand-alone selling price for each performance obligation which determines how the transaction price is allocated among the performance obligations. The stand-alone selling price may include such items as, forecasted revenues, development timelines, reimbursement rates for personnel costs, discount rates and probabilities of technical and regulatory success, to determine the transaction price to allocate to each performance obligation.

For performance obligations that consist of the delivery of an intellectual property license, the revenue is recognized at the point in time that the license is delivered. For combined performance obligations consisting of an intellectual property license and research and development services, we recognize the combined performance obligation over time, using an input method, as the research and development services are performed.

We are required to make estimates related to the determination of the transaction price and our measurement of how revenue is recognized over time, using the input method. Any changes in these estimates are recorded on a cumulative catch-up basis, which would affect license, collaboration and other revenues and earnings in the period of adjustment.

Accrued Research and Development Expenditures

Clinical trial costs are a component of research and development expense. We accrue and expense clinical trial activities performed by third parties based upon actual work completed in accordance with agreements established with clinical research and manufacturing organizations and clinical sites. We determine the actual costs through monitoring patient enrollment, discussions with internal personnel and external service providers regarding the progress or stage of completion of trials or services and the agreed-upon fee to be paid for such services.

Revenue Participation Right Purchase Agreements

We have entered into certain revenue participation right purchase agreements with certain investors, pursuant to which such investors purchased rights to royalties from certain revenue streams in exchange for consideration. We typically account for such agreements as liabilities to be amortized under the effective interest rate method over the life of the related royalty stream, when we have continuing involvement with the underlying R&D. We typically account for such agreements as deferred income to be amortized under the units-of-revenue method, when there is no continuing involvement with the underlying R&D. We are required to update our estimates, at each reporting period, related to the amount and timing of future royalty payments to be paid to the counterparties of the revenue participation right purchase agreements. The estimates of the future royalty payment determine the measurement of the non-cash interest expense and the carrying value of the liability.

Revenue participation right purchase agreements are measured using significant unobservable inputs. The estimates of future royalties requires the use of several assumptions such as: the probability of clinical success, the probability of regulatory approval, the estimated date of a product launch, estimates of eligible patient populations, estimates of prescribing behavior and patient compliance behavior, estimates of pricing, payor reimbursement and coverage, and sales ramp. As products containing aficamten and omecamtiv mecarbil have not yet been commercialized, the estimates are highly subjective.

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CYTOKINETICS, INCORPORATED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS— (Continued)

In 2020, we entered into a royalty purchase agreement, pursuant to which we sold our right to receive certain payments on the net sales of products containing the compound mavacamten. The consideration received was deferred income to be amortized under the units-of-revenue method, as there was no continuing involvement with the underlying R&D. In 2022, we entered into a tripartite agreement with RTW ICAV and MyoKardia, Inc. acknowledging the release and discharge of any further obligations by us or MyoKardia, Inc. in connection to the Mavacamten Royalty and consequently we recognized the deferred revenue as Realization of revenue participation right purchase agreement on the income statement.

As of December 31, 2023, we have a total carrying value of approximately $380.0 million of liabilities related to revenue participation right purchase agreements.

Research and Development Expenditures

Research and development costs are charged to operations as incurred. Research and development expenses consist primarily of clinical manufacturing costs, preclinical study expenses, consulting and other third-party costs, employee compensation, supplies and materials, allocation of overhead and occupancy costs, facilities costs and depreciation of equipment.

Income Taxes

We account for income taxes under the asset and liability method. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the difference between the financial statement and tax basis of assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to affect taxable income. Valuation allowances are established when necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to the amounts expected to be realized.

We recognize uncertain tax positions taken or expected to be taken on a tax return. Tax positions are initially recognized when it ismore likely than not that the position will be sustained upon examination by the tax authorities. Such tax positions are initially and subsequently measured as the largest amount of tax benefit that is more likely than not of being realized upon ultimate settlement with the tax authority assuming full knowledge of the position and relevant facts.

We recognize interest accrued related to unrecognized tax benefits and penalties as income tax expense.

Stock-Based Compensation

We maintain equity incentive plans under which incentive stock options may be granted to employees and nonqualified stock options, restricted stock awards, performance-based stock units and stock appreciation rights may be granted to employees, directors, consultants and advisors. In addition, we maintain an ESPP under which employees may purchase shares of our common stock through payroll deductions.

Stock-based compensation expense related to stock options granted to employees and directors is recognized based on the grant date estimated fair values using the Black Scholes option pricing model. The value of the portion of the award that is ultimately expected to vest is recognized as expense ratably over the requisite service period.

Stock-based compensation expense related to performance-based stock units granted to employees is recognized based on the grant-date fair value of each award and recorded as expense over the vesting period using the ratable method when the underlying performance conditions are deemed probable.

Stock-based compensation expense related to the ESPP is recognized based on the fair value of each award estimated on the first day of the offering period using the Black Scholes option pricing model and recorded as expense over the service period using the straight-line method.

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CYTOKINETICS, INCORPORATED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS— (Continued)

Note 2 — Net Loss Per Share

Basic net loss per share is computed by dividing net loss by the weighted average number of vested common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted net loss per share is computed by giving effect to all potentially dilutive common shares, including outstanding stock options, unvested restricted stock, warrants, convertible preferred stock and shares issuable under our ESPP, during the period using the treasury stock method and convertible notes using the if-converted method.

The following instruments were excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share for the periods presented because their effect would have been antidilutive (in thousands):

Years Ended December 31,

Warrants to purchase common stock 13 13 48

Shares issuable related to the ESPP 16 13 8

Note 3 — Research and Development Arrangements

2021 Ji Xing and RTW Transactions

In December 2021, we entered into the 2021 RTW Transactions as described below, related to omecamtiv mecarbil.

Ji Xing Omecamtiv Mecarbil License and Collaboration Agreement

On December 20, 2021, we entered into the Ji Xing OM License Agreement, pursuant to which we granted to Ji Xing an exclusive license to develop and commercialize omecamtiv mecarbil in China and Taiwan. Under the terms of the Ji Xing OM License Agreement, we are the beneficiary of a nonrefundable $50.0 million payment obligation from Ji Xing comprised of a $40.0 million payment as consideration for the rights granted by us to Ji Xing and $10.0 million attributable to our having submitted to the FDA an NDA for omecamtiv mecarbil. The $50.0 million payment was received by the Company in January 2022. We may be eligible to receive from Ji Xing additional payments totaling up to $330.0 million for the achievement of certain commercial milestone events in connection to omecamtiv mecarbil. In addition, Ji Xing will pay us tiered royalties in the mid-teens to the low twenties range on the net sales of pharmaceutical products containing omecamtiv mecarbil in China and Taiwan, subject to certain reductions for generic competition, patent expiration and payments for licenses to third party patents.

Ji Xing will be responsible for the development and commercialization of omecamtiv mecarbil at its own cost and is required to use diligent efforts to develop and commercialize omecamtiv mecarbil in China and Taiwan. The development of omecamtiv mecarbil will be initially focused on HFrEF, and Ji Xing will have the opportunity to participate in Cytokinetics’ global clinical trials of omecamtiv mecarbil. Cytokinetics will supply omecamtiv mecarbil to Ji Xing either as a finished product or as an active pharmaceutical ingredient. Ji Xing may reimburse Cytokinetics for certain costs related to development and supply activities that we perform on their behalf.

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CYTOKINETICS, INCORPORATED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS— (Continued)

The Ji Xing OM License Agreement, unless terminated earlier, will continue on a market-by-market basis until expiration of the relevant royalty term. Ji Xing has the right to terminate the Ji Xing OM License Agreement for convenience. Each party may terminate the Ji Xing OM License Agreement for the other party’s uncured material breach, insolvency, or failure to perform due to extended force majeure events. Cytokinetics may also terminate the Ji Xing OM License Agreement if Ji Xing challenges Cytokinetics’ patents or undergoes certain change of control transactions. Rights granted to Ji Xing in relation to omecamtiv mecarbil will revert to Cytokinetics upon termination, and, under certain circumstances, subject to a low single digit royalty payment by the Company to Ji Xing on the net sales of theproducts containing the compound omecamtiv mecarbil in China and Taiwan. We assessed this arrangement in accordance with ASC 606 and concluded that there is one performance obligation relating to the license of functional intellectual property. The performance obligation was satisfied, and we recognized the residual allocation of arrangement consideration as revenue of $54.9 million in 2021. Due to the nature of development, including the inherent risk of development and approval by regulatory authorities, we are unable to estimate if and when the development milestone payments could be achieved or become due and, accordingly, we consider the milestone payments to be fully constrained and excluded any potential milestone payments from the initial transaction price.

The consideration related to sales-based milestone payments, including royalties, will be recognized when the related sales occur under the sales- and usage-based royalty exception as these amounts have been determined to relate predominantly to the license.

We re-evaluate the probability of achievement of development milestones and any related constraints each reporting period. We will include consideration, without constraint, in the transaction price to the extent it is probable that a significant reversal in the amount of cumulative revenue recognized will not occur.

Common Stock Purchase Agreements

On December 20, 2021, as part of the 2021 RTWTransactions, we entered into common stock purchase agreements with each of the RTW Investors. These common stock purchase agreements provided for the sale and issuance of an aggregate of 511,182 shares of our common stock at a price per share of $39.125 and an aggregate purchase price of $20.0 million. The closing occurred on December 20, 2021. The RTW Investors have agreed to certain trading and other restrictions with respect to the shares of common stock they purchased pursuant to these agreements, including a restriction on sales or other transfers of the shares, subject to certain exceptions, for a period of one year from the closing date. The restrictions resulted in a premium paid by the RTW Investors of $4.9 million, which represents the excess amount paid over the fair value of the shares of common stock purchased. The premium was determined by analyzing the restrictions discount applied to the closing stock price as of December 20, 2021, which is a Level 2 fair value input. The cash received less the calculated premium is the $15.1 million fair value of the common stock recorded.

2020 Ji Xing and RTW Transactions

On July 14, 2020, we entered in the 2020 RTW Transactions, as described below, with RTW Royalty Holdings and Ji Xing, related to aficamten, our proprietary small molecule cardiac myosin inhibitor product, a novel cardiac myosin inhibitor, and other assets.

Ji Xing Aficamten License and Collaboration Agreement

On July 14, 2020, we entered into the Ji Xing Aficamten License Agreement with Ji Xing, pursuant to which we granted to Ji Xing an exclusive license to develop and commercialize aficamten in China and Taiwan. Under the terms of the Ji Xing Aficamten License Agreement, we received from Ji Xing a nonrefundable upfront payment of $25.0 million. We may be eligible to receive from Ji Xing milestone payments totaling up to $200.0 million for the achievement of certain development and commercial milestone events in connection to aficamten in the field of oHCM and/or nHCM and other indications. In addition, Ji Xing will pay us tiered royalties in the low-to-high teens range on the net sales of the products containing aficamten in China and Taiwan, subject to certain reductions for generic competition, patent expiration and payments for licenses to third party patents.

Ji Xing will be responsible for the development and commercialization of aficamten at its own cost and is required to use diligent efforts to develop and commercialize aficamten in China and Taiwan. The development of aficamten will be initially focused on HCM, and Ji Xing will have the opportunity to participate in Cytokinetics’ global pivotal clinical trials of aficamten. Cytokinetics or a designated supplier will supply aficamten to Ji Xing either as a finished product or as an active pharmaceutical ingredient.

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CYTOKINETICS, INCORPORATED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS— (Continued)

The Ji Xing Aficamten License Agreement, unless terminated earlier, will continue on a market-by-market basis until expiration of the relevant royalty term. Ji Xing has the right to terminate the Ji Xing Aficamten License Agreement for convenience. Each party may terminate the Ji Xing Aficamten License Agreement for the other party’s uncured material breach, insolvency, or failure to perform due to extended force majeure events. Cytokinetics may also terminate the Ji Xing Aficamten License Agreement if Ji Xing challenges Cytokinetics’ patents or undergoes certain change of control transactions. Rights granted to Ji Xing in relation to aficamten will revert to Cytokinetics upon termination, and, under certain circumstances, subject to a low single digit royalty payment by the Company to Ji Xing on the net sales of the products containing the compound aficamten in China and Taiwan.

We assessed this arrangement in accordance with ASC 606 and concluded that there is one performance obligation relating to the license of functional intellectual property. The performance obligation was satisfied, and we recognized the residual allocation of arrangement consideration as revenue of $36.5 million for 2020. Due to the nature of development, including the inherent risk of development and approval by regulatory authorities, we are unable to estimate if and when the development milestone payments could be achieved or become due and, accordingly, we consider the milestone payments to be fully constrained and exclude the milestone payments from the initial transaction price.

The consideration related to sales-based milestone payments, including royalties, will be recognized when the related sales occur under the sales and usage-based royalty exception of ASC 606 as these amounts have been determined to relate predominantly to the license.

We recognized a $2.5 million milestone from Ji Xing in 2023 for the initiation of a phase 3 clinical trial for aficamten in nHCM which was collected in the fourth quarter of 2023.

We recognized a $5.0 million milestone from Ji Xing during the third quarter of 2021 for initiation of a phase 3 clinical trial for aficamten in oHCM. Although our contractual right to payment had not arisen under the Ji Xing Aficamten License Agreement, we determined recognition of the milestone in 2021 was appropriate based on our expected initiation of a phase 3 clinical trial of aficamten in oHCM and was recorded as a corresponding contract asset in other current assets in our consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2021.

Research and development revenue from Ji Xing for 2023 and 2022 was $1.3 million and $0.9 million, respectively, related to certain development cost reimbursements. We had no research and development revenue from Ji Xing in 2021.

We had accounts receivable from Ji Xing of $0.3 million as of December 31, 2023 and $0.1 million as of December 31, 2022.

Royalty Purchase Agreement

On July 14, 2020, we entered the RTW Royalty Purchase Agreement with RTW Royalty Holdings, pursuant to which we sold our Mavacamten Royalty, under the Research Collaboration Agreement, dated August 24, 2012, between us and MyoKardia, Inc. to RTW Royalty Holdings for a one-time payment of $85.0 million. The RTW Royalty Purchase Agreement transaction closed on November 13, 2020. On March 31, 2021, RTW Royalty Holdings assigned its rights and obligations under the RTW Royalty Purchase Agreement to its affiliate, RTW ICAV. We understand that on April 18, 2022, RTW ICAV and MyoKardia, Inc. entered into agreements, which purported to assign all of RTW ICAV's rights, title and interest to the Mavacamten Royalty to MyoKardia, Inc., and on April 25, 2022, we entered into a tripartite agreement with RTW ICAV and MyoKardia, Inc. acknowledging the release and discharge of any further obligations by us or MyoKardia, Inc. in connection to the Mavacamten Royalty.

The allocation of the consideration for the 2020 RTW Transactions resulted in $87.0 million being allocated to the RTW Royalty Purchase Agreement representing its fair value. The $87.0 million was initially recorded as deferred revenue. On April 25, 2022, as discussed above, we entered into a tripartite agreement with RTW ICAV and MyoKardia, Inc. acknowledging the release and discharge of any further obligations by us or MyoKardia, Inc. in connection to the Mavacamten Royalty. As a result of the full extinguishment of the Mavacamten Royalty, we recognized revenue of $87.0 million in 2022.

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS— (Continued)

Astellas

Our strategic alliance with Astellas to advance novel therapies for diseases and medical conditions associated with skeletal muscle impairment and weakness commenced in 2013 under the Astellas Agreement.

On April 23, 2020, we and Astellas entered into the two agreements referenced below which, taken together, amend and restate the Company’s research, development and commercialization collaboration with Astellas under the Astellas Agreement.

Fast Skeletal Regulatory Activator Agreement

The Company and Astellas entered into the Astellas FSRA Agreement on April 23, 2020. As a result of the Astellas FSRA Agreement, the Company will now have exclusive control and responsibility for the Company's future development and commercialization of reldesemtiv, CK-601 and other FSRA compounds and products, and accordingly, Astellas has agreed to terminate its license to all FSRA compounds and related products.

Under the Astellas FSRA Agreement, Astellas agreed to pay one-third of the out-of-pocket clinical development costs which may be incurred in connection with the Company’s Phase 3 clinical trial of reldesemtiv in ALS, up to a maximum contribution by Astellas of $12 million. Astellas also agreed to non-cash contributions to the Company, which included the transfer of its existing inventories of active pharmaceutical ingredient of reldesemtiv and CK-601. As of December 31, 2023, we have billed and collected from Astellas up to the maximum contribution of $12.0 million. On March 31, 2023, we announced that we discontinued COURAGE-ALS, our Phase 3 clinical trial of reldesemtiv in patients with ALS, and COURAGE-ALS OLE.

Research and development revenue from Astellas for 2023, 2022, and 2021 was $2.7 million, $5.7 million, and $3.2 million, respectively.

We had no accounts receivable from Astellas as of December 31, 2023 and 2022.

Amgen

On November 23, 2020, we received written notice of termination from Amgen of the Amgen Agreement pertaining to the discovery, development and commercialization of novel small molecule therapeutics, including omecamtiv mecarbil, a novel cardiac myosin activator, and CK-136 (formerly AMG 594), a novel cardiac troponin activator. The termination of the Amgen Agreement was effective May 20, 2021.

We recognized research and development revenue for reimbursements from Amgen of both internal costs of certain full-time employee equivalents and other costs related to the Amgen Agreement, which terminated effective May 20, 2021. Research and development revenue from Amgen was $7.4 million in 2021 and consisted of reimbursement of costs we incurred related to METEORIC-HF. There was no research and development revenue from Amgen in 2023 and 2022.

Note 4 — Fair Value Measurements

We value our financial assets and liabilities at fair value, defined as the price that would be received for assets when sold or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date (exit price). We utilize market data or assumptions that we believe market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability, including assumptions about risk and the risks inherent in the inputs to the valuation technique. These inputs can be readily observable, market corroborated or generally unobservable.

We primarily apply the market approach for recurring fair value measurements and endeavor to utilize the best information reasonably available. Accordingly, we use valuation techniques that maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs to the extent possible and consider the security issuers’ and the third-party issuers’ credit risk in our assessment of fair value.

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CYTOKINETICS, INCORPORATED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS— (Continued)

We classify fair value based on the observability of those inputs using a hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs used to measure fair value. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1 measurement) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3 measurement):

Level 1 — Observable inputs, such as quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities;

Level 2 — Inputs, other than the quoted prices in active markets, that are observable either directly or through corroboration with observable market data; and

Level 3 — Unobservable inputs, for which there is little or no market data for the assets or liabilities, such as internally-developed valuation models.

Fair Value of Financial Assets

The follow tables set forth the fair value of our financial assets, which consists of cash equivalents and investments classified as available-for-sale securities, that were measured on a recurring basis (in thousands):

U.S. Treasury securities backed repurchase agreements Level 2 16,003 — — 16,003

Foreign government agency securities Level 2 7,599 — (69 ) 7,530

No credit losses on debt securities were recognized in 2023 or 2022. In its evaluation to determine expected credit losses, management considered all available historical and current information, expectations of future economic conditions, the type of security, the credit rating of the security, and the size of the loss position, as well as other relevant information. The Company does not intend to sell, and is unlikely to be required to sell, any of these available-for-sale investments before their effective maturity or market price recovery.

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS— (Continued)

Note 5 — Balance Sheet Components

Our property and equipment consisted of (in thousands):

December 31,

Property and equipment, net:

Computer equipment and software 3,263 3,900

Office equipment, furniture and fixtures 6,061 6,056

Construction in progress 220 741

Right-of-use assets, finance lease 1,839 2,448

Depreciation expense was $11.9 million, $5.8 million, and $2.3 million for 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively.

Our accrued liabilities were as follows (in thousands):

December 31,

Accrued liabilities:

Clinical and preclinical costs $ 5,880 $ 16,105

We sponsor a 401(k) defined contribution plan covering all employees and contributed $2.5 million, $1.8 million, and $1.1 million to this plan in 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively.

Note 6 — Agreements with Royalty Pharma

On January 7, 2022, we announced that we had entered into the 2022 RPI Transactions with affiliates of Royalty Pharma International plc.

The RP Loan Agreement and the RP Aficamten RPA described below, are determined to be debt instruments subsequently measured at amortized cost and were entered into with parties that were at the time of our entry into the 2022 RPI Transactions affiliated and in contemplation of one another. We used the relative fair value method and made separate estimates of the fair value of each freestanding financial instrument and then allocated the proceeds in proportion to those fair value amounts. Arrangement consideration for the RP Loan Agreement and the RP Aficamten RPA totaled $150 million, consisting of the two $50 million upfront payments for the signing of the RP Loan Agreement and the RP Aficamten RPA and milestone of $50 million for initiation of the first pivotal trial in oHCM for aficamten that was deemed probable at the signing of the agreements.

The initial consideration was allocated as follows (in thousands):

Fair Value Proceeds Allocation

Units of Accounting:

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS— (Continued)

2022 RP Loan Agreement

•

$50.0 million of tranche 2 term loans during the one year period following the receipt on or prior to March 31, 2023 of marketing approval from FDA of omecamtiv mecarbil;

•

$75.0 million of tranche 4 term loans during the one year period following the receipt on or prior to September 30, 2024 of positive results from SEQUOIA-HCM, the Phase 3 trial for aficamten; and

•

As a result of our receipt of a CRL on February 28, 2023, in connection to our NDA for omecamtiv mecarbil, we have not satisfied the conditions to the availability of the tranche 2 and tranche 3 loans under the RP Loan Agreement.

In December 2023, we announced positive topline results from SEQUOIA-HCM, the Phase 3 trial for aficamten. This entitled us to receive $75.0 million under tranche 4 during the one year period following the receipt of the positive results and requires us to complete a minimum mandatory draw of at least $50.0 million of the $75.0 million available.

The remaining $100.0 million under tranche 5 remains available for disbursement to us, subject to satisfaction of the conditions described above.

Each term loan under the RP Loan Agreement matures on the 10 year anniversary of the funding date for such term loan and is repayable in quarterly installments of principal, interest and fees commencing on the last business day of the seventh full calendar quarter following the calendar quarter of the applicable funding date for such term loan, with the aggregate amount payable in respect of each term loan (including interest and other applicable fees) equal to 190% of the principal amount of the term loan for the tranche 1, tranche 4 and tranche 5 term loans and 200% of the principal amount of the term loan for tranche 2 and tranche 3 term loans (such amount with respect to each term loan, “Final Payment Amount”). We accounted for amounts initially drawn under the RP Loan Agreement using the effective interest method which resulted in an effective interest rate of 7.65% over the ten-year term. As of the date of the prepayment or maturity of the term loan (or the date such prepayment or repayment is required to be paid), we will be required to pay an additional amount equal to $34.6 million accreted over the term of the loan. We have made our first payment in the fourth quarter of 2023.

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CYTOKINETICS, INCORPORATED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS— (Continued)

Future minimum payments under the existing borrowing under RP Loan Agreement are (in thousands):

Years ending December 31:

Future minimum payments 93,600

Less: Unamortized interest and loan costs (25,136 )

As of December 31, 2023, the estimated fair value of our RP Loan Agreement was $59.9 million. The fair value was estimated based on Level 3 inputs.

Concurrent with our entry into the RP Loan Agreement discussed above, we terminated the Term Loan Agreement with Silicon Valley Bank and Oxford Finance LLC and repaid all amounts outstanding thereunder as further described in Note 7.

2022 RP Aficamten Royalty Purchase Agreement

In addition, on January 7, 2022, we entered into the RP Aficamten RPA with RPI ICAV, pursuant to which RPI ICAV purchased rights to certain revenue streams from net sales of pharmaceutical products containing aficamten by us, our affiliates and our licensees in exchange for up to $150.0 million in consideration, $50.0 million of which was paid on the closing date, $50.0 million of which was paid to us in March 2022 following the initiation of the first pivotal trial in oHCM for aficamten, and $50.0 million of which was paid to us in September 2023 following the initiation of the first pivotal clinical trial in nHCM for aficamten. The RP Aficamten RPA also provides that the parties will negotiate terms for additional funding if we achieve proof of concept results in certain other indications for aficamten, with a reduction in the applicable royalty if we and RPI ICAV fail to agree on such terms in certain circumstances.

We account for the RP Aficamten Liability as a liability primarily because we have significant continuing involvement in generating the related revenue stream from which the liability will be repaid. If and when aficamten is commercialized and royalties become due, we will recognize the portion of royalties paid to RPI ICAV as a decrease to the RP Aficamten Liability and a corresponding reduction in cash.

The carrying amount of the RP Aficamten Liability is based on our estimate of the future royalties to be paid to RPI ICAV over the life of the arrangement as discounted using an imputed rate of interest. The imputed rate of interest on the carrying value of the RP Aficamten Liability was approximately 24.8% as of December 31, 2023 and 22.4% as of December 31, 2022.

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CYTOKINETICS, INCORPORATED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS— (Continued)

The change in estimates are accounted for on a prospective basis in our liability calculation and resulted in changes in our imputed interest rate and non-cash interest expense from 22.4% and $5.2 million in the fourth quarter of 2022, 22.4% and $5.4 million in the first quarter of 2023, 19.0% and $4.9 million in the second quarter of 2023, 18.0% and $5.4 million in the third quarter of 2023, to 24.8% and $9.8 million in the fourth quarter of 2023. The non-cash interest expense was $25.5 million and $15.5 million in 2023 and 2022, respectively. In 2023, the change in estimate increased our non-cash interest expense and net loss by $2.0 million. The change in accounting estimate increased the net loss per share by $0.02 in 2023.

2017 RP Omecamtiv Mecarbil Royalty Purchase Agreement

In February 2017, we entered into the RP OM RPA pursuant to which we sold a portion of our right to receive royalties from Amgen on future net sales of omecamtiv mecarbil to RPFT for a one-time payment of $90 million, which is non-refundable even if omecamtiv mecarbil is never commercialized. Concurrently, we entered into a common stock purchase agreement with RPFT through which RPFT purchased 875,656 shares of the Company’s common stock for $10.0 million. We allocated the consideration and issuance costs on a relative fair value basis to our liability to RPFT related to sale of future royalties under the RP OM RPA (the “RP OM Liability”) and the common stock sold to RPFT, which resulted in the RP OM Liability being initially recognized at $92.3 million. The RP OM RPA provides for the sale of a royalty to RPFT of 4.5% on worldwide net sales of omecamtiv mecarbil, subject to a potential increase of up to an additional 1% under certain circumstances. As a result of our receipt of a CRL on February 28, 2023 in connection to our NDA for omecamtiv mecarbil, pursuant to the terms of the RP OM RPA, the applicable royalty rate will increase to a maximum of 5.5% if omecamtiv approval obtains FDA approval at any time after June 30, 2023.

As a result of the termination of the Amgen Agreement and pursuant to our obligations under the RP OM RPA, we and RPFT amended the RP OM RPA on January 7, 2022 to preserve RPFT’s rights under the RP OM RPA by providing for direct payments by us to RPFT of up to 5.5% of our and our affiliates and licensees worldwide net sales of omecamtiv mecarbil. The RP OM RPA, as amended, had no impact on the original accounting for the $92.3 million associated with the RP OM Liability established in February 2017.

We account for the RP OM Liability as a liability primarily because we have significant continuing involvement in generating the related revenue stream from which the liability will be repaid. If and when omecamtiv mecarbil is commercialized and royalties become due, we will recognize the portion of royalties paid to RPFT as a decrease to the RP OM Liability and a corresponding reduction in cash.

The carrying amount of the RP OM Liability is based on our estimate of the future royalties to be paid to RPFT over the life of the arrangement as discounted using an imputed rate of interest. The excess of future estimated royalty payments over the $92.3 million of allocated proceeds, less issuance costs, is recognized as non-cash interest expense using the effective interest method. The imputed rate of interest on the carring value of the RP OM Liability was approximately 0.1% as of December 31, 2023 and 8.5% as of December 31, 2022.

Changes in estimates are accounted for on a prospective basis in our liability calculation and resulted in changes in our imputed interest rate and non-cash interest expense from 8.5% and $4.0 million in the fourth quarter of 2022,1.9% and $0.9 million in the first quarter of 2023, 2.9% and $1.4 million in the second and third quarter of 2023, and to 0.1% and $0.1 million in the fourth quarter of 2023, respectively. The non-cash interest expense was $3.9 million, $16.2 million, and $12.9 million in 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively. In 2023, the change in estimate decreased our non-cash interest expense and net loss by $12.8 million. The change in accounting estimate reduced the net loss per share by $0.13 in 2023.

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CYTOKINETICS, INCORPORATED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS— (Continued)

Accounting for the Royalty Pharma Royalty Purchase Agreements

We periodically assess the amount and timing of expected royalty payments using a combination of internal projections and forecasts from external sources. To the extent such payments are greater or less than our initial estimates or the timing of such payments is materially different than its original estimates, we will prospectively adjust the amortization of the RP OM Liability and the RP Aficamten Liability and the effective interest rate.

There are a number of factors that could materially affect the amount and timing of royalty payments, a number of which are not within our control. The RP OM Liability and the RP Aficamten Liability are recognized using significant unobservable inputs. The estimates of future royalties requires the use of several assumptions such as: the probability of clinical success, the probability of regulatory approval, the estimated date of a product launch, estimates of eligible patient populations, estimates of prescribing behavior and patient compliance behavior, estimates of pricing, payor reimbursement and coverage, and sales ramp. A significant change in unobservable inputs could result in a material increase or decrease to the effective interest rate of the RP OM Liability and the RP Aficamten Liability.

We recorded $50.0 million of additional consideration associated with the 2022 RP Aficamten Royalty Purchase Agreement upon receipt of the cash in the third quarter of 2023.

We review our assumptions on a regular basis and our estimates may change in the future as we refine and reassess our assumptions.

Changes to the RP Aficamten Liability and the RP OM Liability are as follows (in thousands):

RP Aficamten Liability RP OM Liability

Initial carrying value — 89,571 — — —

Additional consideration 50,000 — — — —

Amortization of issuance costs — — 112 116 112

Note 7 — Debt

Silicon Valley Bank and Oxford Finance Term Loans

Prior to January 7, 2022, we maintained $45.0 million aggregate principal amount of the Term Loan Agreement with Silicon Valley Bank and Oxford Finance LLC.

The Term Loan Agreement was terminated, and all amounts thereunder repaid in connection to our entry into that certain RP Loan Agreement, between us and RPDF, as further described above.

As a result of the termination of the Term Loan Agreement and the repayment to the Lenders, in 2022, we recorded $2.7 million in loss on debt extinguishment in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss, consisting of the premium on debt repayments and the write-off of the remaining term loan fees and debt issuance costs.

Interest expense for the Term Loan Agreement was immaterial for 2022 because it represented approximately one week of interest before extinguishment. Interest expense for the Term Loan Agreement was $4.8 million for 2021.

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CYTOKINETICS, INCORPORATED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS— (Continued)

Convertible Notes

The 2026 Notes are unsecured obligations and bear interest at an annual rate of 4.0% per year, payable semi-annually on May 15 and December 15 of each year, beginning May 15, 2020. The 2026 Notes are governed by an indenture we entered into with U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee. The 2026 Notes will mature on November 15, 2026, unless earlier repurchased or redeemed by us or converted at the option of the holders. We may redeem the 2026 Notes prior to the maturity date but we are not required to and no sinking fund is provided for the 2026 Notes. The 2026 Notes may be converted, under certain circumstances as described below, based on an initial conversion rate of 94.7811 shares of common stock per $1,000 principal amount (which represents an initial conversion price of $10.55 per share). The conversion rate for the 2026 Notes will be subject to adjustment upon the occurrence of certain specified events. In addition, upon the occurrence of a make-whole fundamental change (as defined in the indenture), we will, in certain circumstances, increase the conversion rate by a number of additional shares for a holder that elects to convert its notes in connection with such make-whole fundamental change. The 2026 Notes are convertible at December 31, 2023 at the option of the holder.

The 2026 Notes will be redeemable, in whole or in part, at our option at any time, and from time to time, on or after November 20, 2023 and, in the case of any partial redemption, on or before the 60th scheduled trading day before the maturity date, at a cash redemption price equal to the principal amount of the 2026 Notes to be redeemed, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to, but excluding, the redemption date but only if the last reported sale price per share of our common stock exceeds 130% of the conversion price on (1) each of at least 20 trading days, whether or not consecutive, during the 30 consecutive trading days ending on, and including, the trading day immediately before the date we may send the related redemption notice; and (2) the trading day immediately before the date we may send such notice. If a “fundamental change” (as defined in the indenture agreement, dated November 13, 2019 between us and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee, as supplemented by the first supplemental indenture dated as of November 13, 2019 between us and such trustee) occurs, then, subject to certain exceptions, holders may require us to repurchase their 2026 Notes at a cash repurchase price equal to the principal amount of the 2026 Notes to be repurchased, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to, but excluding, the fundamental change repurchase date.

The following table presents the total amount of interest cost recognized relating to the 2026 Notes (in thousands):

Years Ended December 31,

Accretion of debt discount — — 5,907

Amortization of debt issuance costs 108 355 59

The effective interest rate of the 2026 Notes was 4.6% as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 and 12.5% as of December 31, 2021. As of December 31, 2023. the unamortized debt issuance cost for the 2026 Notes was $0.3 million and will be amortized over approximately 2.9 years.

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CYTOKINETICS, INCORPORATED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS— (Continued)

The 2027 Notes ($540.0 million of aggregate principal) are our senior, unsecured obligations and are (i) senior in right of payment to our future indebtedness that is expressly subordinated to the 2027 Notes in right of payment; (ii) equal in right of payment with all of our indebtedness that is not so subordinated (including the 2026 Notes); (iii) effectively subordinated to our existing and future secured indebtedness, to the extent of the value of the collateral securing that indebtedness; and (iv) structurally subordinated to all existing and future indebtedness and other liabilities, including trade payables, and (to the extent we are not a holder thereof) preferred equity, if any, of our subsidiaries. The net proceeds of the 2027 Notes were approximately $523.6 million after deducting issuance costs related to the 2027 Notes. The 2027 Notes bear interest at a rate of 3.5% per year, payable semiannually in arrears on January 1 and July 1 of each year, beginning on January 1, 2023. The 2027 Notes will mature on July 1, 2027, unless earlier converted, redeemed or repurchased.

The 2027 Notes are convertible into cash, shares of our common stock or a combination of cash and shares of our common stock, at our election, based on the applicable conversion rate(s). The initial conversion rate for the 2027 Notes is 19.5783 shares of our common stock per $1,000 principal amount of such Notes, which is equivalent to an initial conversion price of approximately $51.08 per share. Holders of the 2027 Notes may convert all or any portion of their convertible notes at their option only in the following circumstances: (i) during any calendar quarter (and only during such calendar quarter) commencing after the calendar quarter ending on September 30, 2022, if the last reported sale price per share of our common stock, $0.001 par value per share, exceeds 130% of the conversion price for each of at least 20 trading days, whether or not consecutive, during the 30 consecutive trading days ending on, and including, the last trading day of the immediately preceding calendar quarter; (ii) during the five consecutive business days immediately after any 10 consecutive trading day period (such 10 consecutive trading day period, the “measurement period”) if the trading price per $1,000 principal amount of 2027 Notes for each trading day of the measurement period was less than 98% of the product of the last reported sale price per share of our common stock on such trading day and the conversion rate on such trading day; (iii) upon the occurrence of certain corporate events or distributions on our common stock, as described in the 2027 Indenture; (iv) if we call such 2027 Notes for redemption; and (v) at any time from, and including, March 1, 2027 until the close of business on the scheduled trading day immediately before the maturity date.

We may not redeem the 2027 Notes at our option at any time before July 7, 2025. The 2027 Notes will be redeemable, in whole or in part (subject to the “Partial Redemption Limitation” (as defined in the 2027 Indenture)), at our option at any time, and from time to time, on or after July 7, 2025 and, in the case of a partial redemption, on or before the 60th scheduled trading day immediately before the maturity date, at a cash redemption price equal to the principal amount of the 2027 Notes to be redeemed, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to, but excluding, the redemption date, but only if the last reported sale price per share of our common stock exceeds 130% of the conversion price on (i) each of at least 20 trading days, whether or not consecutive, during the 30 consecutive trading days ending on, and including, the trading day immediately before the date we may send the related redemption notice; and (ii) the trading day immediately before the date we may send such notice. In addition, calling any of the 2027 Notes for redemption will constitute a Make-Whole Fundamental Change with respect to that convertible note, in which case the conversion rate applicable to the conversion of that Note will be increased in certain circumstances if it is converted after it is called for redemption. The conversion rate for the 2027 Notes shall not exceed 25.4517 shares per $1,000 principal amount of such Notes, subject to certain customary anti-dilution adjustments (as defined in the 2027 indenture). Pursuant to the Partial Redemption Limitation, we may not elect to redeem less than all of the outstanding 2027 Notes unless at least $75.0 million aggregate principal amount of 2027 Notes are outstanding and not subject to redemption as of the time we may send the related redemption notice.

If a “Fundamental Change” (as defined in the 2027 Indenture) occurs, then, subject to a limited exception for certain cash mergers, noteholders may require us to repurchase their 2027 Notes at a cash repurchase price equal to the principal amount of the 2027 Notes to be repurchased, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to, but excluding, the fundamental change repurchase date. The definition of Fundamental Change includes certain business combination transactions involving us and certain de-listing events with respect to our common stock.

The following table presents the total amount of interest cost recognized relating to the 2027 Notes (in thousands):

Amortization of debt issuance costs 3,074 1,542

Total interest expense recognized $ 21,974 $ 10,730

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CYTOKINETICS, INCORPORATED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS— (Continued)

The effective interest rate of the 2027 Notes was 4.2% as of December 31, 2023 and 2022. As of December 31, 2023, the unamortized debt issuance cost for the 2027 Notes was $11.8 million and will be amortized over approximately 3.6 years. In 2023, the conditions allowing holders of the Notes to convert were not met. As a result, the 2027 Notes are not convertible at December 31, 2023.

Future minimum payments under the 2027 Notes and 2026 Notes are (in thousands):

Years ending December 31: 2027 Notes 2026 Notes Total

Less: Debt issuance costs on the convertible notes (11,799 ) (344 ) (12,143 )

As of December 31, 2023, the estimated fair value of the 2027 Notes and 2026 Notes was $990.4 million and $168.4 million, respectively, and was based upon observable, Level 2 inputs, including pricing information from recent trades of the convertible notes.

Capped Call Transactions

In connection with the offering of the 2026 Notes, the Company entered into privately-negotiated capped call transactions with one of the underwriters in the offering or its affiliate. On October 24, 2022, we entered into a termination agreement in connection to the capped call transactions and thereby released the capped call counterparties of any further obligations in relation to the capped call transactions. As a result of the termination agreement and unwinding of the capped call transactions, we received gross proceeds of $26.4 million in cash.

Note 8 — Stockholders’ Equity

Equity Incentive Plan

Our 2004 Plan provides for us to grant incentive stock options, non-statutory stock options, restricted stock, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock units, performance shares and performance units to employees, directors, and consultants. We may grant options for terms of up to ten years at prices not lower than 100% of the fair market value of our common stock on the date of grant. Options granted to new employees generally vest 25% after one year and monthly thereafter over a period of four years. Options granted to existing employees generally vest monthly over a period of four years.

In May 2022, our stockholders approved an amendment to the 2004 Plan to increase the number of authorized shares reserved for issuance under the 2004 Plan by an additional 6.0 million shares. In May 2022 and February 2023, our board of directors approved an amendment to the 2004 Plan to increase the number of authorized shares reserved for issuance under the 2004 Plan by an additional 1.6 million shares and 1.0 million shares, respectively, for inducement grants to new employees. As of December 31, 2023, the total authorized shares under the 2004 Plan available for grant was 7.6 million.

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CYTOKINETICS, INCORPORATED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS— (Continued)

Our annual grant of stock-based compensation takes place during the first quarter of each year. Stock option activity in 2023, 2022, and 2021 was as follows:

We have elected to account for forfeitures as they occur. The intrinsic value of stock options exercised, calculated based on the difference between the market value at the date of exercise and the exercise price, was $33.8 million for 2023, $46.3 million for 2022, and $29.3 million for 2021. The intrinsic value of stock options outstanding at December 31, 2023 was $676.4 million.

RSU, including PSU, activity in 2023, 2022, and 2021 was as follows:

Number ofRestrictedStock Units WeightedAverage AwardDate Fair Valueper Share

RSUs generally vest annually over two to three years. For 2023, the fair value of RSUs vested, calculated based on the units vested multiplied by the closing price of our common stock on the date of vesting, was $28.6 million.

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS— (Continued)

Performance Stock Units

In May 2021, the Compensation Committee granted a total of 375,000 PSUs to certain employees with a weighted average grant date fair value of $25.32 per unit. The fair value of the PSUs was determined on the grant date based on the fair value of the Company’s common stock at such time. The PSUs consist of two equal tranches with 50% of each tranche vesting upon achieving certain performance criteria and 50% vesting at the one-year anniversary of such achievement provided the recipient has been continuously employed by the Company. The first tranche vests upon certification by the Compensation Committee that the NDA for omecamtiv mecarbil has been filed and accepted by the FDA by December 31, 2021 or June 30, 2022 and the second tranche vests upon certification by the Compensation Committee that the FDA approval of the NDA is with an approved label that is consistent with the expectations underlying the Company’s commercial launch plans for omecamtiv mecarbil in effect immediately prior to such approval by June 30, 2022 or December 31, 2022.

In 2022, the performance target for the first tranche of PSUs was met. As a result, the Company recognized expense of $0.7 million in 2022 for the first tranche of PSUs. The performance target for the second tranche of PSUs was not met, and therefore, such second tranche of PSUs consisting of 182,500 PSUs were deemed forfeited as of December 31, 2022. No expense was recognized for the second tranche.

Employee Stock Purchase Plan

Under our ESPP, employees may purchase common stock up to a specified maximum amount at a price equal to 85% of the fair market value at certain plan-defined dates. In May 2020, the Company’s stockholders approved an amendment to the ESPP to increase the number of common stock shares reserved for issuance under the ESPP by 0.5 million shares.

We issued 136,065 shares at an average price of $30.43 per share during 2023, 98,153 shares at an average price of $32.89 per share in 2022, and 108,780 shares at an average price of $16.33 per share in 2021 pursuant to the ESPP. At December 31, 2023, we have 103,822 shares of common stock reserved for issuance under the ESPP.

Stock-Based Compensation Expense

We use the Black-Scholes option pricing model to determine the fair value of stock option grants to employees and directors and employee stock purchase plan shares. The fair value of share-based payments was estimated on the date of grant based on the following assumptions:

Options ESPP Options ESPP Options ESPP

Expected dividend yield 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%

We use U.S. Treasury zero-coupon issues with remaining terms similar to the expected terms of the options for the risk-free interest rate. We use our own volatility history based on our stock trading history and our own historical exercise to estimate expected term for option grants. We do not anticipate paying dividends in the foreseeable future and use an expected dividend yield of zero. We do not estimate forfeitures in our stock-based compensation.

We measure compensation expense for restricted stock units at fair value on the date of grant and recognize the expense over the expected vesting period. We recognize stock-based compensation expense on a ratable basis over the requisite service period, generally the vesting period of the award for share-based awards.

CYTK US Equity

CYTK · 10-K · period ended 2023-12-31

ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA

CYTK US Equity☆

CYTK · 10-K · period ended 2023-12-31

ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA

CYTK US Equity