ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

This discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with our financial statements and accompanying notes included elsewhere in this report. Operating results are not necessarily indicative of results that may occur in future periods.

Overview

We are a late-stage biopharmaceutical company focused on discovering, developing and commercializing first-in-class muscle activators and next-in-class muscle inhibitors as potential treatments for debilitating diseases in which muscle performance is compromised and/or declining. We have discovered and are developing muscle-directed investigational medicines that may potentially improve the health span of people with devastating cardiovascular and neuromuscular diseases of impaired muscle function. Our research and development activities relating to the biology of muscle function have evolved from our knowledge and expertise regarding the cytoskeleton, a complex biological infrastructure that plays a fundamental role within every human cell. As a leader in muscle biology and the mechanics of muscle performance, we are developing small molecule drug candidates specifically engineered to impact muscle function and contractility.

Our clinical-stage drug candidates are: omecamtiv mecarbil, a novel cardiac myosin activator, CK-136, a novel cardiac troponin activator, reldesemtiv, a novel FSTA and aficamten, a novel cardiac myosin inhibitor.

For further information regarding our business, refer to Part I, Item 1 (Business) of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Critical Accounting Policies and Significant Estimates

Our discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based on our financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities and expenses and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. We review our estimates on an ongoing basis. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions. While our significant accounting policies are described in more detail in the notes to our financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, we believe the following accounting policies to be critical to the judgments and estimates used in the preparation of our financial statements.

Revenue Recognition

We recognize revenue when we transfer promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration for those goods or services. To recognize revenue from a contract with a customer, we:

(i)

identify our contracts with our customers;

(ii)

identify our distinct performance obligations in each contract;

(iii)

determine the transaction price of each contract;

(iv)

allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations; and

(v)

recognize revenue as we satisfy our performance obligations.

At contract inception, we assess the goods or services promised within each contract and assess whether each promised good or service is distinct and determine those that are performance obligations. We then recognize as revenue the amount of the transaction price that is allocated to the respective performance obligation when (or as) the performance obligation is satisfied.

Collaborative Arrangements

We enter into collaborative arrangements with partners that typically include payment to us for one of more of the following: (i) license fees; (ii) milestone payments related to the achievement of developmental, regulatory, or commercial goals; and (iii) royalties on net sales of licensed products and (iv) research and development cost reimbursement. Each of these payments results in collaboration or other revenues. Where a portion of non-refundable up-front fees or other payments received are allocated to continuing performance obligations under the terms of a collaborative arrangement, they are recorded as deferred revenue and recognized as revenue when (or as) the underlying performance obligation is satisfied.

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As part of the accounting for these arrangements, we must develop estimates and assumptions that require judgment to determine the underlying stand-alone selling price for each performance obligation which determines how the transaction price is allocated among the performance obligation. The stand-alone selling price may include such items as, forecasted revenues, development timelines, reimbursement rates for personnel costs, discount rates and probabilities of technical and regulatory success, to determine the transaction price to allocate to each performance obligation.

For our collaboration agreements that include more than one performance obligation, such as a license and/or milestones combined with a commitment to perform research and development services, we make judgments to assess the nature of the combined performance obligation to determine whether the combined performance obligation is satisfied over time or at a point in time and, if over time, the appropriate method of measuring progress for purposes of recognizing revenue. We evaluate our progress each reporting period and, if necessary, adjust the measure of a performance obligation and related revenue recognition.

License Fees: If a license to our intellectual property is determined to be distinct from the other performance obligations identified in the arrangement, we recognize revenues from non-refundable, up-front fees allocated to the license when the license is transferred to the licensee and the licensee is able to use and benefit from the license. For licenses that are bundled with other promises, we utilize judgment to assess the nature of the combined performance obligation to determine whether the combined performance obligation is satisfied over time or at a point in time and, if over time, the appropriate method of measuring progress for purposes of recognizing revenue from non-refundable, up-front license fees. We evaluate the measure of progress each reporting period and, if necessary, adjust the measure of performance and related revenue recognition.

MilestonePayments: We use judgement to determine whether a milestone is considered probable of being reached. Using the most likely amount method, we include the value of a milestone payment in the consideration for a contract at inception if we then conclude achieving the milestone is more likely than not. Otherwise, we exclude the value of a milestone payment from contract consideration at inception and recognize revenue for a milestone at a later date, when we judge that it is more likely than not that the milestone will be achieved. If we conclude it is probable that a significant revenue reversal would not occur, the associated milestone is included in the transaction price. We then allocate the transaction price to each performance obligation on a relative stand-alone selling price basis, for which we recognize revenue as or when the performance obligations under the contract are satisfied. At the end of each subsequent reporting period, we re-evaluate the probability of achievement of such milestones and any related constraint, and if necessary, adjust our estimate of the overall transaction price. Any such adjustments are recorded on a cumulative catch-up basis, which would affect license, collaboration and other revenues and earnings in the period of adjustment.

Royalties: For contracts that include sales-based royalties, we recognize revenue at the later of (i) when the related sales occur, or (ii) when the performance obligation to which some or all of the royalty has been allocated has been satisfied. To date, we have not recognized any royalty revenues resulting from contracts.

Research and Development Cost Reimbursements: Our joint programs with Astellas under the Astellas OSSA Agreement, and with Amgen under the Amgen Agreement (both of the Astellas OSSA Agreement and the Amgen Agreement having now been terminated), included promises of research and development services. We also entered into the Astellas FSRA Agreement on April 23, 2020. Under the Astellas FSRA Agreement, Astellas agreed to pay one-third of the out-of-pocket clinical development costs which may be incurred in connection with our Phase 3 clinical trial of reldesemtiv in ALS, up to a maximum contribution by Astellas of $12.0 million. We determined that these services collectively were distinct from any licenses provided to Astellas and Amgen under such agreements, and as such, these services were accounted for as a separate performance obligation recorded over time. We recognized revenue for these services as the performance obligations are satisfied, which we estimated using internal research and development costs incurred.

Accrued Research and Development Expenditures

Clinical trial costs are a component of research and development expense. We accrue and expense clinical trial activities performed by third parties based upon actual work completed in accordance with agreements established with clinical research and manufacturing organizations and clinical sites. We determine the actual costs through monitoring patient enrollment, discussions with internal personnel and external service providers regarding the progress or stage of completion of trials or services and the agreed-upon fee to be paid for such services.

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Revenue Participation Right Purchase Agreements

We have entered into certain revenue participation right purchase agreements for omecamtiv mecarbil and aficamten with affiliates of Royalty Pharma, pursuant to which such affiliates purchased rights to royalties from certain revenue streams in exchange for consideration. We typically account for such agreements as debt to be amortized under the effective interest rate method over the life of the related royalty stream, when we have continuing involvement with the underlying R&D. We typically account for such agreements as deferred income to be amortized under the units-of-revenue method, when there is no continuing involvement with the underlying R&D.

Revenue participation right purchase agreements are recognized using significant unobservable inputs, such as probability of success of regulatory approval and estimated timing for regulatory approval. These inputs are derived using internal management estimates developed based on third party data and reflect management’s judgements, current market conditions surrounding competing products, and forecasts. We will periodically assess the amount and timing of expected royalty payments and account for any changes in such estimates on a prospective basis.

Results of Operations

A discussion of our results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2020 and year-to-year comparisons between 2021 and 2020 can be found in Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in our 2021 Annual Report.

Revenues

Our revenues since inception were primarily from our strategic alliances. We have not generated any revenue from commercial product sales to date.

Revenues in 2022, 2021, and 2020 were as follows (in thousands):

Years Ended December 31, Change

(In millions)

Research and development revenues $ 6.6 $ 10.6 $ 16.5 $ (4.0 ) $ (5.9 )

Realization of revenue participation right purchase agreement 87.0 — — 87.0 —

Research and development revenues in 2022 were primarily from Astellas for reimbursements under the Astellas FSRA Agreement and in 2021 were from Astellas and Amgen, under collaboration agreements we had in place with each.

Co-funding under the Astellas FSRA Agreement for the conduct of COURAGE-ALS will continue until the $12.0 million cap is reached. As of December 31, 2022, we are eligible to receive an additional $2.7 million in reimbursements from Astellas for COURAGE-ALS.

In 2022, we recognized milestone revenues under the Research Collaboration Agreement, dated August 24, 2012, between us and MyoKardia, Inc. In 2021, we recognized a $5.0 million in milestone revenue from Ji Xing under the Ji Xing Aficamten License Agreement for having achieved initiation of a phase 3 clinical trial for aficamten in oHCM.

In 2022, we recognized revenues of $87.0 million related to the 2020 RTW Royalty Purchase Agreement. In July 2020, we sold our right to receive Mavacamten Royalty, under the Research Collaboration Agreement, dated August 24, 2012, between us and MyoKardia, Inc.The RTW Royalty Purchase Agreement transaction closed on November 13, 2020. On March 31, 2021, RTW Royalty Holdings assigned its rights and obligations under the RTW Royalty Purchase Agreement to its affiliate, RTW ICAV. We understand that on April 18, 2022, RTW ICAV and MyoKardia, Inc. entered into agreements, which purported to assign all of RTW ICAV's rights, title and interest to the Mavacamten Royalty to MyoKardia, Inc., and on April 25, 2022, we entered into a tripartite agreement with RTW ICAV and MyoKardia, Inc. acknowledging the release and discharge of any further obligations by us or MyoKardia, Inc. in connection to the Mavacamten Royalty. As a result of the full extinguishment of the Mavacamten Royalty, we recognized revenue of $87.0 million.

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License revenues for 2021 were the result of the Ji Xing OM License Agreement, pursuant to which we granted to Ji Xing an exclusive license to develop and commercialize omecamtiv mecarbil in China and Taiwan. License revenue was $54.9 million and consisted of the residual allocation of consideration from the 2021 RTW Transactions.

Research and Development Expenses

We incur research and development expenses associated with both partnered and our own research activities.

Research and development expenses related to any development we elect to fund consist primarily of employee compensation, supplies and materials, costs for consultants and contract research and manufacturing, facilities costs and depreciation of equipment.

Research and development expenses by program for 2022, 2021, and 2020 were as follows (in thousands):

Years Ended December 31, Change

(In millions)

Research and development expenses increased to $240.8 million in 2022 from $159.9 million in 2021, primarily due to higher expenses for our clinical development activities for COURAGE-ALS, for our cardiac muscle inhibitor programs, and for early research activities.

We continue to develop reldesemtiv to treat ALS.

We continue to develop aficamten to treat both oHCM and nHCM.

On February 28, 2023, we received a CRL from FDA in connection with our NDA for omecamtiv mecarbil for the treatment of HFrEF. With the CRL, FDA communicated that GALACTIC-HF is not sufficiently persuasive to establish substantial evidence of effectiveness for reducing the risk of heart failure events and cardiovascular death in adults with chronic heart failure with HFrEF, in lieu of evidence from at least two adequate and well-controlled clinical investigations. FDA stated that results from an additional clinical trial of omecamtiv mecarbil are required to establish substantial evidence of effectiveness for the treatment of HFrEF, with benefits that outweigh the risks. We expect to request a meeting with FDA in order to understand FDA’s views regarding the CRL and what may be required to support potential approval of omecamtiv mecarbil. However, the Company has no plans to conduct an additional clinical trial of omecamtiv mecarbil and its focus remains on the development program for aficamten.

Under our strategic alliances with Ji Xing, Ji Xing is responsible for the development of aficamten and omecamtiv mecarbil in China and Taiwan.

Clinical development timelines, the likelihood of success and total completion costs vary significantly for each drug candidate and are difficult to estimate. We anticipate that we will determine on an ongoing basis which research and development programs to pursue and how much funding to direct to each program, taking into account the potential scientific and clinical success of each drug candidate. The lengthy process of seeking regulatory approvals and subsequent compliance with applicable regulations requires the expenditure of substantial resources. Any failure by us to obtain and maintain, or any delay in obtaining, regulatory approvals could cause our research and development expenditures to increase and, in turn, could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations.

General and Administrative Expenses

General and administrative expenses consist primarily of compensation for employees in executive and administrative functions, including, but not limited to, finance, human resources, legal, business and commercial development and strategic planning. Other significant costs include facilities costs, consulting costs and professional fees for accounting and legal services, including legal services associated with obtaining and maintaining patents and regulatory compliance.

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General and administrative expenses for 2022, 2021, and 2020 were as follows (in thousands):

Years Ended December 31, Change

(In millions)

General and administrative expenses increased to $178.0 million in 2022 from $96.8 million in 2021, primarily due to higher outside service spend in anticipation of the potential commercial launch of omecamtiv mecarbil and an increase in personnel related costs including stock-based compensation recorded in 2022.

We expect that general and administrative expenses will fluctuate in the future, depending in part on the timing of and investments in commercial readiness.

Interest Expense

Interest expense for 2022, 2021, and 2020 were as follows (in thousands):

Years Ended December 31, Change

(In millions)

Warrants — — 0.2 — (0.2 )

Interest expense in 2022 consists of interest expense related to the RP Loan Agreement between us and RPDF, interest expense related to the 2026 Notes and 2027 Notes, and interest expense related to the finance leases. Commensurate with our entry into the RP Loan Agreement, we terminated the Term Loan Agreement with Silicon Valley Bank and Oxford Finance LLC and repaid all amounts outstanding thereunder in January 2022. The RP Loan Agreement effectively replaced the Term Loan Agreement, and the interest expense is reflected as such above. In July 2022, we issued the 2027 Notes and used the net proceeds and common stock to partially repurchase the 2026 Notes.

Interest expense in 2021 consists of interest expense related to the Term Loan Agreement and respective warrants by and among us, Oxford and Silicon Valley Bank and interest expense related to the 2026 Notes. Approximately half of the 2026 Notes’ interest expense is due to the amortization of the discount associated with the equity component of the 2026 Notes.

Loss on Settlement of Debt

As a result of the termination of the Term Loan Agreement and the repayment to the Lenders, in 2022, we recorded a loss of $2.7 million in loss on debt extinguishment in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss, consisting of the premium on debt repayments and the write-off of the remaining term loan fees and debt issuance costs.

As a result of the partial repurchase of the 2026 Notes in the third quarter of 2022, we recorded $22.2 million in loss on induced conversion, consisting of the difference between the consideration paid to the holders pursuant to the exchange agreements and the if-converted value of the 2026 Notes under the original terms.

Non-cash interest expense on liabilities related to revenue participation right purchase agreements

Non-cash interest expense results from the accretion of our liabilities to RPFT and RP ICAV related to the sale of future royalties under the RP OM RPA and the RP Aficamten RPA, respectively.

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On January 7, 2022, we entered into the RP Aficamten RPA with RPI ICAV. Pursuant to the RP Aficamten RPA, RPI ICAV purchased the right to receive a percentage of net sales equal to 4.5% for annual worldwide net sales of pharmaceutical products containing aficamten up to $1 billion and 3.5% for annual worldwide net sales of pharmaceutical products containing aficamten in excess of $1 billion, subject to reduction in certain circumstances (the “RP Aficamten Liability”). The carrying amount of the RP Aficamten Liability is based on our estimate of the future royalties to be paid to RPI ICAV over the life of the arrangement as discounted using an imputed rate of interest. The imputed rate of interest on the unamortized portion of the RP Aficamten Liability was approximately 22.4% as of December 31, 2022.

During the third and fourth quarter of 2022, we updated our analyses of the RP Aficamten RPA to reflect our current assumptions resulting from ongoing global market research and to reflect other adjustments in connection with our anticipated commercialization. Our estimates regarding the amount of future royalty payments under the RP Aficamten RPA increased due to changes in management’s estimates of unobservable inputs related to market conditions and timing. The adjustment is accounted for on a prospective basis in our liability calculation and resulted in changes in our imputed interest rate from 11.7% in the second quarter of 2022 to 22.4% in the fourth quarter of 2022. We recognized $15.5 million of non-cash interest expense in 2022 related to the RP Aficamten RPA. In 2022, the change in estimate had no impact on revenue and increased the net loss by $5.3 million. The change in accounting estimate increased the net loss per share by $0.06 in 2022.

During the third and fourth quarter of 2022, we updated our analyses of the RP OM RPA to reflect our current assumptions resulting from ongoing global market research and to reflect other adjustments in connection with our anticipated commercialization, including the result of FDA Cardiovascular and Renal Drugs Advisory Committee in December 2022 that voted the benefits of omecamtiv mecarbil do not outweigh its risks for the treatment of HFrEF. Our estimates regarding the amount of future royalty payments under the RP OM RPA decreased year over year; however, the royalty rate and probability of success increased from 2021 to 2022. The adjustments are accounted for on a prospective basis in our liability calculation and resulted in changes in our imputed interest rate and non-cash interest expense from 10.0% and $12.9 million in 2021 to 8.5% and $16.2 million in 2022, respectively. In 2022, the change in estimate had no impact on revenue and reduced the net loss by $1.8 million. The change in accounting estimate reduced the net loss per share by $0.02 in 2022.

As a result of our receipt of a CRL in connection to our NDA for omecamtiv mecarbil, our estimates regarding the amount of future royalty payments under the RP OM RPA will be re-evaluated in the first quarter of 2023 and will be accounted for on a prospective basis in our liability calculation. As a consequence of our receipt of the CRL from FDA, any approval of omecamtiv mecarbil in the United States would likely only occur after June 30, 2023, the date at which the royalty rate under the RP OM RPA will increase to no more than 5.5%. and the resulting forecast will decrease due to push out of the potential commercialization date.

We review our assumptions on a regular basis and our estimates may change in the future as we refine and reassess our assumptions.

Non-cash interest expense on liability related to the RP OM RPA and the RP Aficamten RPA for 2022, 2021, and 2020 were as follows (in thousands):

Years Ended December 31, Change

(In millions)

RP Aficamten Liability 15.5 — — 15.5 —

Total non-cash interest expense recognized $ 31.7 $ 12.9 $ 22.7 $ 18.8 $ (9.8 )

Interest and Other Income, net

Interest and other income, net for 2022, 2021, and 2020 consisted primarily of interest income generated from our cash, cash equivalents and investments.

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Liquidity and Capital Resources

Our cash, cash equivalents, and investments and a summary of our borrowings and working capital is summarized as follows:

(In millions)

Financial assets:

Cash and cash equivalents $ 65.6 $ 112.7

Total cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities $ 829.3 $ 623.8

Borrowings:

Working capital:

The following table shows a summary of our cash flows for the periods set forth below:

Years Ended December 31,

(In millions)

Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities $ (299.5 ) $ (142.5 ) $ 8.9

Net cash used in investing activities (262.1 ) (147.8 ) (196.5 )

Sources and Uses of Cash

We have funded our operations and capital expenditures with proceeds primarily from private and public sales of our equity securities, a royalty monetization agreement, strategic alliances, long-term debt, other financings and interest on investments. We have generated significant operating losses since our inception. Our expenditures are primarily related to research and development activities.

Cash Flows Used in Operating Activities

Net cash used in operating activities of $299.5 million and $142.5 million for 2022 and 2021, respectively, was largely due to ongoing research and development activities and general and administrative expenses to support those activities. In 2022, the net cash used in operating activities was offset by collection of receivables primarily from our 2021 RTW Transactions. In 2021, the net cash used in operating activities was also preliminary due to operating lease liability related to the old and new facilities. Net loss for 2022 and 2021 included, among other items: non-cash stock-based compensation, non-cash interest expense on liabilities related to revenue participation right purchase agreements, and non-cash interest expense related to debt. Net loss for 2022 also included loss on settlement of debt.

Cash Flows Used in Investing Activities

Net cash used in investing activities of $262.1 million and $147.8 million for 2022 and 2021, respectively, was primarily due to purchases of investments and property and equipment offset by proceeds from maturity of investments.

Cash Flows Provided by Financing Activities

Net cash provided by financing activities of $516.2 million in 2022 was primarily due to $540.0 million of proceeds related to 2027 Notes, the proceeds related to the RP Aficamten RPA and the RP Loan Agreement, offset by the repayment of amounts owed under our Term Loan Agreement and 2026 Notes, and stock-based activities.

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Net cash provided by financing activities of $320.0 million in 2021 was primarily due to $296.9 million of proceeds related to issuance of common stock in an underwritten public offering and stock-based activities.

2022 Royalty Pharma Transactions

On January 7, 2022, we announced that we had entered into that certain RP Loan Agreement and the RP Aficamten RPA with RPDF and RPI ICAV respectively, each of which were at the time of our entry into such agreements affiliated with Royalty Pharma International plc.

Under the RP Loan Agreement, we are entitled to receive up to $300.0 million in term loans, $50.0 million of which was disbursed to us on closing and the remaining $250.0 million available to us upon our satisfaction of customary disbursement conditions and certain development conditions by specific deadlines, as follows:

•

$50.0 million of tranche 2 term loans during the one year period following the receipt on or prior to March 31, 2023 of marketing approval from FDA of omecamtiv mecarbil;

•

$25.0 million of tranche 3 term loans during the one year period following the commercial availability of a diagnostic test measuring levels of omecamtiv mecarbil to support the final FDA label language applicable to such drug, subject to such commercial availability and the conditions to the tranche 2 term loans having occurred on or prior to March 31, 2023;

•

$75.0 million of tranche 4 term loans during the one year period following the receipt on or prior to September 30, 2024 of positive results from SEQUOIA-HCM, the Phase 3 trial for aficamten; and

•

$100.0 million of tranche 5 term loans during the one year period following the acceptance by the FDA on or prior to March 31, 2025 of an NDA for aficamten, subject to the conditions to the tranche 4 term loans having occurred on or prior to September 30, 2024.

As a result of our receipt of a CRL in connection to our NDA for omecamtiv mecarbil, we do not expect to satisfy the conditions to the availability of the tranche 2 and tranche 3 loans under the RP Loan Agreement.

We may prepay the term loans in full (but not in part) at any time at our option by paying an amount equal to the unpaid portion of Final Payment Amount for the outstanding term loans under the RP Loan Agreement; provided that if the conditions for either the tranche 4 term loans or the tranche 5 term loans have been met, we must have borrowed at least $50 million principal amount of the tranche 4 or 5 term loans. In addition, the term loans under the RP Loan Agreement are repayable in full at the option of either us or the lender in an amount equal to the unpaid portion of Final Payment Amount for the outstanding term loans upon a change of control of Cytokinetics.

In addition, on January 7, 2022, we entered into the RP Aficamten RPA with RPI ICAV, pursuant to which RPI ICAV purchased rights to certain revenue streams from net sales of pharmaceutical products containing aficamten by us, our affiliates and our licensees in exchange for up to $150.0 million in consideration, $50.0 million of which was paid on the closing date, $50.0 million of which was paid to us on March 10, 2022 following the initiation of the first pivotal trial in oHCM for aficamten, and $50.0 million of which is payable following the initiation of the first pivotal clinical trial in nHCM for aficamten. The RP Aficamten ARPA also provides that the parties will negotiate terms for additional funding if we achieve proof of concept results in certain other indications for aficamten, with a reduction in the applicable royalty if we and RPI ICAV fail to agree on such terms in certain circumstances.

Pursuant to the RP Aficamten RPA, RPI ICAV purchased the right to receive a percentage of net sales equal to 4.5% for annual worldwide net sales of pharmaceutical products containing aficamten up to $1 billion and 3.5% for annual worldwide net sales of pharmaceutical products containing aficamten in excess of $1 billion, subject to reduction in certain circumstances.

Commensurate with our entry into the RP Loan Agreement and the RP Aficamten RPA, we terminated the Term Loan Agreement with the Lenders and repaid all amounts outstanding thereunder.

Convertible Notes

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On November 13, 2019, we issued $138.0 million aggregate principal amount of 2026 Notes. On July 6, 2022, we issued $540.0 million aggregate principal amount of 2027 Notes and used approximately $140.3 million of the net proceeds from the offering of 2027 Notes and issued 8,071,343 shares of common stock to repurchase approximately $116.9 million aggregate principal amount of the 2026 Notes pursuant to privately negotiated exchange agreements entered into with certain holders of the 2026 Notes concurrently with the pricing of the offering of the 2027 Notes. As a result of the partial repurchase of the 2026 Notes, we recorded an inducement loss of $22.2 million, consisting of the difference between the consideration to the holders pursuant to the exchange agreements and the if-converted value of the 2026 Notes under the original terms. As of December 31, 2022, there remains $21.1 million aggregate principal amount of 2026 Notes outstanding and $540.0 million of aggregate principal amount of 2027 Notes outstanding.

2021 Ji Xing and RTW Transactions

On December 20, 2021, we entered into the Ji Xing OM License Agreement, pursuant to which we granted to Ji Xing an exclusive license to develop and commercialize omecamtiv mecarbil in China and Taiwan. Under the terms of the Ji Xing OM License Agreement, we received a $50.0 million nonrefundable payment from Ji Xing comprised of a $40.0 million payment as consideration for the rights granted by us to Ji Xing and $10.0 million attributable to our having submitted to FDA an NDA for omecamtiv mecarbil. We may be eligible to receive from Ji Xing additional payments totaling up to $330.0 million for the achievement of certain commercial milestone events in China in connection to omecamtiv mecarbil. In addition, Ji Xing will pay us tiered royalties in the mid-teens to the low twenties range on the net sales of pharmaceutical products containing omecamtiv mecarbil in China and Taiwan, subject to certain reductions for generic competition, patent expiration and payments for licenses to third party patents. The Ji Xing OM License Agreement, unless terminated earlier, will continue on a market-by-market basis until expiration of the relevant royalty term.

In addition to the Ji Xing OM License Agreement, we entered into common stock purchase agreements with each of the RTW Investors, pursuant to which we sold and issued an aggregate of 0.5 million shares of our common stock at a price per share of $39.125 and an aggregate purchase price of $20.0 million.

Future Uses of Cash

In future periods, we expect to incur substantial costs as we continue to expand our research programs and related research and development activities. We expect to incur significant research and development expenses as we advance the research and development of compounds from our other muscle biology programs through research to candidate selection to clinical development, and we plan to file one to two investigational new drug applications in 2023. We may also incur significant sales and marketing expenses in anticipation of regulatory approval of one of our drug candidates.

Our future capital uses and requirements depend on numerous factors. These factors include, but are not limited to, the following:

•

the initiation, progress, timing, scope and completion of preclinical research, non-clinical development, CMC, and clinical trials for our drug candidates and other compounds;

•

the time and costs involved in obtaining regulatory approvals;

•

the jurisdictions in which we are granted regulatory approvals and thus are able to successfully launch our products for commercial sale;

•

delays that may be caused by requirements of regulatory agencies;

•

our level of funding for the development of current or future drug candidates;

•

the number of drug candidates we pursue and the stage of development that they are in;

•

the costs involved in filing and prosecuting patent applications and enforcing or defending patent claims;

•

our ability to establish and maintain selected strategic alliances required for the development of drug candidates and commercialization of our potential drugs;

•

our plans or ability to expand our drug development capabilities, including our capabilities to conduct clinical trials for our drug candidates;

•

our plans or ability to engage third-party manufacturers for our drug candidates and potential drugs;

•

our plans or ability to build or access sales and marketing capabilities and to achieve market acceptance for potential drugs;

•

the expansion and advancement of our research programs;

•

the hiring of additional employees and consultants;

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•

the acquisition of technologies, products and other business opportunities that require financial commitments;

•

our revenues, if any, from successful development of our drug candidates and commercialization of potential drugs; and

•

the cost of additional construction to expand our headquarters in South San Francisco and in relation to our newly leased office facilities in Radnor, Pennsylvania;

We have incurred an accumulated deficit of approximately $1.6 billion since inception and there can be no assurance that we will attain profitability. We are subject to risks common to clinical-stage companies including, but not limited to, development of new drug candidates, dependence on key personnel, and the ability to obtain additional capital as needed to fund our future plans. Our liquidity will be impaired if sufficient additional capital is not available on terms acceptable to us, if at all. Until we achieve profitable operations, we intend to continue to fund operations through payments from strategic collaborations, additional sales of equity securities, grants and other financings. We have never generated revenues from commercial sales of our drugs and may not have drugs to market for at least several years, if ever. Therefore, our success is dependent on our ability to obtain additional capital by entering into new strategic collaborations and/or through financings, and ultimately on our and our collaborators’ ability to successfully develop and market one or more of our drug candidates. We cannot be certain that sufficient funds will be available from such collaborators or financings when needed or on satisfactory terms. Additionally, there can be no assurance that any of our drug candidates will be accepted in the marketplace or that any future products can be developed or manufactured at an acceptable cost. These factors could have a material adverse effect on our future financial results, financial position and cash flows.

Based on the current status of our development plans, we believe that our existing cash and cash equivalents, investments and interest earned on investments will be sufficient to meet our projected operating requirements for at least the next 12 months. If, at any time, our prospects for internally financing our research and development programs decline, we may decide to reduce research and development expenses by delaying, discontinuing or reducing our funding of development of one or more of our drug candidates or of other research and development programs. Alternatively, we might raise funds through strategic relationships, public or private financings or other arrangements. There can be no assurance that funding, if needed, will be available on attractive terms, or at all, or in accordance with our planned timelines. Furthermore, financing obtained through future strategic relationships may require us to forego certain commercialization and other rights to our drug candidates. Similarly, any additional equity financing may be dilutive to stockholders and debt financing, if available, may involve restrictive covenants. Our failure to raise capital as and when needed could have a negative impact on our financial condition and our ability to pursue our business strategy.

Segment Information

We have one primary business activity and operate in one reportable segment.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

The information required by this item is included in Item 8, Note 1, Organization and Accounting Policies, in our Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10‐K.

ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

We are exposed to market risks in the ordinary course of our business. These risks primarily include risk related to interest rate sensitivities.

Market Risk and Interest Rate Risk

We are exposed to market risk related to changes in interest rates. As of December 31, 2022, we had cash and investments of $829.3 million, which consist of U.S. Treasury securities, U.S. and non-U.S. government agency bonds, commercial paper, global portfolio of corporate debt, money market fund, and repurchase agreements backed by U.S. Treasury securities. To reduce the volatility relating to these exposures, we have put investment and risk management policies and procedures in place. The primary objective of our investment activities is to preserve capital to fund our operations. We do not enter into investments for trading or speculative purposes and have not used any derivative financial instruments to manage our interest rate risk exposure. Our investments are subject to interest rate risk and could fall in value if market interest rates increase. We have not been exposed to, nor do we anticipate being exposed to, material risks due to changes in interest rates. A 10% increase or decrease increase or decrease in current interest rates would not have a material effect on our financial results.

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We had $21.1 million under 2026 Notes with a fixed rate of 4.00% and $540.0 million under 2027 Notes with a fixed rate of 3.50% outstanding as of December 31, 2022. The convertible notes issued at fixed interest rates are exposed to fluctuations in fair value resulting from changes in market price and interest rates. We do not record our convertible debt at fair value but present the fair value for disclosure purposes (see Note 7 to our Consolidated Financial Statements). As of December 31, 2022, the fair value of the 2026 Notes and 2027 Notes was estimated at $94.8 million and $620.3 million using quoted market prices.

Foreign Currency Risk

The majority of our transactions occur in U.S. dollars. However, we do have certain transactions that are denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar, primarily Euro and GBP and we, therefore, are subject to foreign currency exchange risk. The fluctuation in the value of the U.S. dollar against other currencies affects the reported amounts of expenses, assets and liabilities primarily associated with a limited number of operating activities. Foreign currency transaction gains and losses have not been material to our financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2022. A 10% increase or decrease in current exchange rates would not have a material effect on our financial results.

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ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA

INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Page

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (PCAOB ID 42) 76

Consolidated Balance Sheets 78

Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss 79

Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ (Deficit) Equity 80

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows 81

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 82

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REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

The Board of Directors and Stockholders

Cytokinetics, Incorporated

Opinion on the Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Cytokinetics, Incorporated (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the related consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss, stockholders’ (deficit) equity, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2022, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company at December 31, 2022 and 2021, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2022, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2022, based on criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 Framework) and our report dated March 1, 2023 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.

Basis for Opinion

These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Critical Audit Matter

The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective or complex judgments. The communication of the critical audit matter does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the account or disclosure to which it relates.

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Estimates Related to Revenue Participation Right Purchase Agreements

/s/ Ernst & Young LLP

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2018.

San Mateo, California

March 1, 2023

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CYTOKINETICS, INCORPORATED

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(In thousands, except share and per share data)

December 31,

ASSETS

Current assets:

Prepaid expenses and other current assets 12,462 12,215

LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ (DEFICIT) EQUITY

Current liabilities:

Short-term operating lease liabilities 12,829 14,863

Long-term deferred revenue — 87,000

Other non-current liabilities 1,044 4,457

Commitments and contingencies

Stockholders’ (deficit) equity:

Preferred stock, $0.001 par value:

Authorized: 10,000,000 shares; Issued and outstanding: none — —

Common stock, $0.001 par value:

Accumulated other comprehensive loss (3,590 ) (869 )

Total liabilities and stockholders’ (deficit) equity $ 1,014,775 $ 841,319

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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CYTOKINETICS, INCORPORATED

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS

(In thousands, except per share data)

Years Ended December 31,

Revenues:

Realization of revenue participation right purchase agreement 87,000 — —

Operating expenses:

Loss on settlement of debt (24,939 ) — —

Net loss per share — basic and diluted $ (4.33 ) $ (2.80 ) $ (1.97 )

Other comprehensive loss:

Unrealized loss on available-for-sale securities, net (2,721 ) (1,018 ) (530 )

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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CYTOKINETICS, INCORPORATED

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ (DEFICIT) EQUITY

(In thousands, except shares)

Shares Amount Capital (loss) Income Deficit (Deficit) Equity

Exercise of warrants 104,890 — — — — —

Claims settlement under Section 16(b) — — 2,151 — — 2,151

Issuance of warrants — — 184 — — 184

Other comprehensive loss — — — (530 ) — (530 )

Net share settlement — — (418 ) — — (418 )

Other comprehensive loss — — — (1,018 ) — (1,018 )

Issuance of common stock under restricted stock units 707,772 — — — — —

Exercise of warrants 28,306 — — — — —

Other comprehensive loss — — — (2,721 ) — (2,721 )

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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CYTOKINETICS, INCORPORATED

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(In thousands)

Years Ended December 31,

Cash flows from operating activities:

Impairment of right-of-use assets — 2,844 —

Loss (gain) on investment, net 107 — (573 )

Interest receivable and amortization on investments (4,710 ) 4,894 (1,194 )

Loss on extinguishment of debt 2,693 — —

Loss on inducement of convertible debt 22,246 — —

Changes in operating assets and liabilities:

Other non-current liabilities (4,058 ) 3,649 —

Cash flows from investing activities:

Cash flows from financing activities:

Repayment of finance lease liabilities (944 ) — —

Repayment of term loan (47,651 ) — —

Debt extinguishment costs (2,409 ) — —

Repayment of convertible debt (140,330 ) — —

Proceeds from issuance of convertible debt, net 523,586 — —

Proceeds from private placement, net — 15,144 36,225

Proceeds from 2022 RPI Transactions, net 149,581 — —

Claims settlement under Section 16(b) — — 2,151

Cash settlement of capped call options associated with 2026 Notes 26,392 — —

Supplemental cash flow disclosures:

Non-cash investing and financing activities:

Amounts unpaid for purchases of property and equipment $ 621 $ 11,982 $ —

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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CYTOKINETICS, INCORPORATED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS— (Continued)

CYTOKINETICS, INCORPORATED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Note 1 — Organization and Accounting Policies

Organization

Cytokinetics, Incorporated (the “Company”, “we” or “our”) was incorporated under the laws of the state of Delaware on August 5, 1997. We are a late-stage biopharmaceutical company focused on the discovery and development of novel small molecule therapeutics that modulate muscle function for the potential treatment of serious diseases and medical conditions.

Our financial statements contemplate the conduct of our operations in the normal course of business. We have incurred an accumulated deficit of approximately $1.6 billion since inception and there can be no assurance that we will attain profitability. We had a net loss of $389.0 million and net cash used in operations of $299.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2022. Cash, cash equivalents, and investments increased to $829.3 million as of December 31, 2022 from $623.7 million as of December 31, 2021. We anticipate that we will have operating losses and net cash outflows in future periods.

We are subject to risks common to late-stage biopharmaceutical companies including, but not limited to, development of new drug candidates, dependence on key personnel, and the ability to obtain additional capital as needed to fund our future plans. Our liquidity will be impaired if sufficient additional capital is not available on terms acceptable to us. To date, we have funded operations primarily through sales of our common stock, contract payments under our collaboration agreements, sales of future revenues and royalties, debt financing arrangements, government grants and interest income. Until we achieve profitable operations, we intend to continue to fund operations through payments from strategic collaborations, additional sales of equity securities, grants and debt financings. We have never generated revenues from commercial sales of our drugs and may not have drugs to market for at least several years, if ever. Our success is dependent on our ability to enter into new strategic collaborations and/or raise additional capital and to successfully develop and market one or more of our drug candidates. We cannot be certain that sufficient funds will be available from such a financing or through a collaborator when required or on satisfactory terms. Additionally, there can be no assurance that our drug candidates will be accepted in the marketplace or that any future products can be developed or manufactured at an acceptable cost. These factors could have a material adverse effect on our future financial results, financial position and cash flows.

Based on the current status of our research and development activities, we believe that our existing cash, cash equivalents, and investments will be sufficient to fund cash requirements for at least the next 12 months after the issuance of these consolidated financial statements. If, at any time, our prospects for financing our research and development programs decline, we may decide to reduce research and development expenses by delaying, discontinuing or reducing our funding of one or more of our research or development programs. Alternatively, we might raise funds through strategic collaborations, public or private financings or other arrangements. Such funding, if needed, may not be available on favorable terms, or at all. The financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. We evaluate our estimates on an ongoing basis. We base our estimates on our historical experience and also on assumptions that we believe are reasonable; however, actual results could significantly differ from those estimates.

Basis of Presentation

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Cytokinetics, Incorporated and its wholly-owned subsidiaries and have been prepared in accordance with GAAP. Intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation. Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform the prior period presentation to the current year.

Concentration of Credit Risk and Other Risks and Uncertainties

Financial instruments that potentially subject us to concentrations of risk consist principally of cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash equivalents, investments, and accounts receivable.

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CYTOKINETICS, INCORPORATED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS— (Continued)

Our cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash equivalents, and investments held with large financial institutions in the United States and deposits may exceed the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation’s insurance limit.

Our exposure to credit risk associated with non-payment includes, but is not limited to, Astellas Pharma Inc. for co-funding one-third of the out-of-pocket clinical development costs which may be incurred in connection with Cytokinetics’ Phase 3 clinical trial, COURAGE-ALS, of reldesemtiv in ALS up to a maximum contribution by Astellas of $12.0 million, to our strategic partner in China and Taiwan, Ji Xing, and RPI ICAV, to whom we sold a revenue interest in our net sales of pharmaceutical products containing aficamten under the RP Aficamten RPA, as further described in Note 11 below.

Drug candidates we develop may require approvals or clearances from the FDA or other regulatory agencies prior to commercial sales. There can be no assurance that our drug candidates will receive any of the required approvals or clearances. If we were to be denied approval, or clearance or any such approval or clearance was to be delayed, it would have a material adverse impact on us.

Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash Equivalents

We consider all highly liquid investments with a maturity of three months or less at the time of purchase to be cash equivalents, which consist of money market funds and repurchase agreements backed by U.S. Treasury securities. Repurchase agreements are collateralized by US Treasury securities for an amount not less than 102% of their value and are reported at a carrying value which approximates fair value due to their short duration.

A reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash equivalents reported in our consolidated balance sheets to the amount reported within our consolidated statements of cash flows was as follows (in thousand):

December 31,

Restricted cash equivalents 1,600 —

As of December 31, 2022, our restricted cash equivalents balance of $1.6 million is used to collateralize the letters of credit associated with our fixed and variable rate vehicle allowance and short-term car rental programs. The restricted cash equivalents are classified as other assets based on the remaining term of the underlying restriction. The letters of credit will lapse at the end of the respective contractual terms or upon termination of the arrangement.

Investments

Available-for-sale investments. Our investments consist of U.S. Treasury securities, U.S. and non-U.S. government agency bonds, commercial paper, global portfolio of corporate debt and money market funds. We designate all investments as available-for-sale and report them at fair value, based on quoted market prices, with unrealized gains and losses recorded in accumulated other comprehensive loss. The cost of securities sold is based on the specific-identification method. Investments with original maturities greater than three months and remaining maturities of one year or less are classified as short-term investments. Investments with remaining maturities greater than one year are classified as long-term investments.

All of our available-for-sale investments are subject to a periodic impairment review. For each available-for-sale investment whose fair value is below its amortized cost, we determine if the impairment is a result of a credit-related loss or other factors using both quantitative and qualitative factors. If the impairment is a result of a credit-related loss, we recognize an allowance for credit losses. If the impairment is not a result of a credit loss, we recognize the loss in other comprehensive loss.

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CYTOKINETICS, INCORPORATED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS— (Continued)

Property and Equipment, net

Property and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and are depreciated on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of the related assets, which are generally three years for computer equipment and software, five years for laboratory equipment and office equipment, and seven years for furniture and fixtures. Amortization of leasehold improvements and finance lease right-of-use assets are computed using the straight-line method over the shorter of the remaining lease term or the estimated useful life of the related assets, typically ranging from three to twenty-two years. Upon sale or retirement of assets, the costs and related accumulated depreciation and amortization are removed from the balance sheet and the resulting gain or loss is reflected in operations.

Impairment of Long-lived Assets

We review long-lived assets, including property, equipment and right-of-use assets, for impairment whenever events or changes in business circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the assets may not be fully recoverable. Impairment is measured as the amount by which the carrying amount of a long-lived asset exceeds its fair value. We would recognize an impairment loss when estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected to result from the use of the asset and its eventual disposition are less than its carrying amount.

Leases

We determine if the arrangement contains a lease at inception based on whether the contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset. The lease classification is determined at lease commencement, which is the date the underlying asset is available for use by the Company, and preliminary based on whether the arrangement is effectively a financed purchase of the underlying asset (finance lease) or not (operating lease). We determined the lease term at the commencement date by considering whether renewal options and termination options are reasonably assured of exercise. In addition to the fixed minimum lease payments required under the lease arrangements, certain leases include payments of operating expenses that may be revised based on the landlord’s estimate. These variable payments are excluded from the lease payments used to determine the right-of-use asset and lease liability and are recognized when the associated activity occurs.

We recognize right-of-use assets and short-term and long-term lease liabilities on our consolidated balance sheets for operating leases. The right-of-use asset and short-term and long-term lease liabilities for finance leases are recognized in property and equipment, other current liabilities, and other non-current liabilities, respectively, on the consolidated balance sheets.

In determining the present value of lease payments, we estimated our incremental borrowing rate based on information available upon commencement. We base the lease liabilities on the present value of remaining lease payments over the remaining terms of the leases using an estimated rate of interest that we would pay to borrow equivalent funds on a collateralized basis at the lease commencement date. The initial right-of-use asset, for both operating and finance leases, is measured based on the lease liability adjusted for any initial direct costs, lease prepayments, and lease incentives.

We recognize rent expense for operating leases on a straight-line basis over the lease term in operating expenses on the consolidated statements of operations. Finance lease right-of-use assets are amortized on a straight-line basis over the shorter of the expected useful life or the lease term, and the carrying amount of the lease liability is adjusted to reflect interest, which is recorded in interest expense.

We exclude from our consolidated balance sheets recognition of leases having a term of 12 months or less (short-term leases). We account for lease and non-lease components as a single component for our operating leases.

Our operating leases consist of the facilities leases with KR Oyster Point 1, LLC and a facility located in Radnor, Pennsylvania, and our finance leases are for laboratory equipment.

Revenue Recognition

(i)

identify our contracts with our customers;

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CYTOKINETICS, INCORPORATED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS— (Continued)

(ii)

identify our distinct performance obligations in each contract;

(iii)

determine the transaction price of each contract;

(iv)

allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations; and

(v)

recognize revenue as we satisfy our performance obligations.

Collaborative Arrangements

We enter into collaborative arrangements with partners that typically include payment to us for one of more of the following: (i) license fees; (ii) milestone payments related to the achievement of developmental, regulatory, or commercial goals; (iii) royalties on net sales of licensed products; and (iv) research and development cost reimbursements. Each of these payments results in collaboration or other revenues. Where a portion of non-refundable up-front fees or other payments received are allocated to continuing performance obligations under the terms of a collaborative arrangement, they are recorded as deferred revenue and recognized as revenue when (or as) the underlying performance obligation is satisfied.

As part of the accounting for these arrangements, we must develop estimates and assumptions that require judgment to determine the underlying stand-alone selling price for each performance obligation which determines how the transaction price is allocated among the performance obligations. The stand-alone selling price may include such items as, forecasted revenues, development timelines, reimbursement rates for personnel costs, discount rates and probabilities of technical and regulatory success, to determine the transaction price to allocate to each performance obligation.

MilestonePayments: We use judgment to determine whether a milestone is considered probable of being reached. Using the most likely amount method, we include the value of a milestone payment in the consideration for a contract at inception if we then conclude achieving the milestone is more likely than not. Otherwise, we exclude the value of a milestone payment from contract consideration at inception and recognize revenue for a milestone at a later date, when we judge that it is probable the milestone will be achieved. If we conclude it is probable that a significant revenue reversal would not occur, the associated milestone is included in the transaction price. We then allocate the transaction price to each performance obligation on a relative stand-alone selling price basis, for which we recognize revenue as or when the performance obligations under the contract are satisfied. At the end of each subsequent reporting period, we re-evaluate the probability of achievement of such milestones and any related constraint, and if necessary, adjust our estimate of the overall transaction price. Any such adjustments are recorded on a cumulative catch-up basis, which would affect license, collaboration and other revenues and earnings in the period of adjustment.

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CYTOKINETICS, INCORPORATED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS— (Continued)

Research and Development Cost Reimbursements: Our joint programs with Astellas under the Astellas OSSA Agreement, and with Amgen under the Amgen Agreement (both of the Astellas OSSA Agreement and the Amgen Agreement having now been terminated), included promises of research and development services. We also entered into the Astellas FSRA Agreement on April 23, 2020. Under the Astellas FSRA Agreement, Astellas agreed to pay one-third of the out-of-pocket clinical development costs which may be incurred in connection with the Company’s Phase 3 clinical trial of reldesemtiv in ALS, up to a maximum contribution by Astellas of $12.0 million. We determined that these services collectively were distinct from any licenses provided to Astellas and Amgen under such agreements, and as such, these services were accounted for as a separate performance obligation recorded over time. We recognized revenue for these services as the performance obligations are satisfied, which we estimated using internal research and development costs incurred.

Accrued Research and Development Expenditures

Clinical trial costs are a component of research and development expense. The Company accrues and expenses clinical trial activities performed by third parties based upon actual work completed in accordance with agreements established with clinical research and manufacturing organizations and clinical sites. The Company determines the actual costs through monitoring patient enrollment, discussions with internal personnel and external service providers regarding the progress or stage of completion of trials or services and the agreed-upon fee to be paid for such services.

Revenue Participation Right Purchase Agreements

We have entered into certain revenue participation right purchase agreements with certain investors, pursuant to which such investors purchased rights to royalties from certain revenue streams in exchange for consideration. We typically account for such agreements as debt to be amortized under the effective interest rate method over the life of the related royalty stream, when we have continuing involvement with the underlying R&D. We typically account for such agreements as deferred income tobe amortized under the units-of-revenue method, when there is no continuing involvement with the underlying R&D.

Revenue participation right purchase agreements are recognized using significant unobservable inputs. These inputs are derived using internal management estimates developed based on third party data and reflect management’s judgements, current market conditions surrounding competing products, and forecasts. We will periodically assess the amount and timing of expected royalty payments and account for any changes in such estimates on a prospective basis.

Research and Development Expenditures

Research and development costs are charged to operations as incurred. Research and development expenses consist primarily of clinical manufacturing costs, preclinical study expenses, consulting and other third-party costs, employee compensation, supplies and materials, allocation of overhead and occupancy costs, facilities costs and depreciation of equipment.

Income Taxes

We account for income taxes under the asset and liability method. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the difference between the financial statement and tax basis of assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to affect taxable income. Valuation allowances are established when necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to the amounts expected to be realized.

We recognize uncertain tax positions taken or expected to be taken on a tax return. Tax positions are initially recognized when it ismore likely than not that the position will be sustained upon examination by the tax authorities. Such tax positions are initially and subsequently measured as the largest amount of tax benefit that is more likely than not of being realized upon ultimate settlement with the tax authority assuming full knowledge of the position and relevant facts.

We recognize interest accrued related to unrecognized tax benefits and penalties as income tax expense.

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CYTOKINETICS, INCORPORATED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS— (Continued)

Stock-Based Compensation

We maintain equity incentive plans under which incentive stock options may be granted to employees and nonqualified stock options, restricted stock awards, performance-based stock units and stock appreciation rights may be granted to employees, directors, consultants and advisors. In addition, we maintain an ESPP under which employees may purchase shares of our common stock through payroll deductions.

Stock-based compensation expense related to stock options granted to employees and directors is recognized based on the grant date estimated fair values using the Black Scholes option pricing model. The value of the portion of the award that is ultimately expected to vest is recognized as expense ratably over the requisite service period.

Stock-based compensation expense related to performance-based stock units granted to employees is recognized based on the grant-date fair value of each award and recorded as expense over the vesting period using the ratable method when the underlying performance conditions are deemed probable.

Stock-based compensation expense related to the ESPP is recognized based on the fair value of each award estimated on the first day of the offering period using the Black Scholes option pricing model and recorded as expense over the service period using the straight-line method.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In August 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-06. Under ASU 2020-06 the embedded conversion features are no longer separated from the host contract for convertible instruments with conversion features that are not required to be accounted for as derivatives under Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging, or that do not result in substantial premiums accounted for as paid-in capital. Consequently, a convertible debt instrument is accounted for as a single liability measured at its amortized cost and convertible preferred stock is accounted for as a single equity instrument measured at its historical cost, as long as no other features require bifurcation and recognition as derivatives.

We adopted this new guidance using the modified retrospective method as of January 1, 2022, with respect to our 2026 Notes. The cumulative effect of initially applying the new standard was recognized as an adjustment to accumulated deficit. The following table summarizes the adjustments made to our consolidated balance sheet as of January 1, 2022, upon adoption of the new standard (in 000's):

The adoption of this new guidance resulted in an increase in the carrying value of the 2026 Notes to reflect the full principal amount of the convertible notes outstanding, net of issuance costs, a decrease in additional paid-in capital to remove the equity component separately recorded for the conversion feature associated with the convertible notes, a cumulative-effect adjustment to the beginning balance of our accumulated deficit as of January 1, 2022 to reverse the accretion of discount that resulted from the bifurcation of the equity component of the 2026 Notes, and a reversal of the related deferred tax liability of $8.3 million with a corresponding increase in our deferred tax asset valuation allowance. The adoption of this new guidance reduced non-cash interest expense for the year ending December 31, 2022 and will continue to do so until the 2026 Notes have been settled. The remaining debt issuance costs will continue to be amortized over the term of the notes.

We have recognized $3.6 million of interest expense of the 2026 Notes in 2022 which is $3.3 million less than under the previous accounting standards in 2022. Without the adoption of ASU 2020-06, our reported net loss would have increased by $3.3 million in 2022. Without the adoption of ASU 2020-06, our reported net loss per share would have increased by $0.04 per share in 2022.

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CYTOKINETICS, INCORPORATED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS— (Continued)

On July 6, 2022, the Company issued the 2027 Notes and partially repurchased the 2026 Notes as further described in Note 7 – “Debt.” ASU 2020-06 was applied to the 2027 Notes from the moment of issuance, and thus the above adjustments apply only to the 2026 Notes.

Note 2 — Net Loss Per Share

Basic net loss per share is computed by dividing net loss by the weighted average number of vested common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted net loss per share is computed by giving effect to all potentially dilutive common shares, including outstanding stock options, unvested restricted stock, warrants, convertible preferred stock and shares issuable under our ESPP, during the period using the treasury stock method and convertible notes using the if-converted method.

The following instruments were excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share for the periods presented because their effect would have been antidilutive (in thousands):

Years Ended December 31,

Warrants to purchase common stock 13 48 48

Shares issuable related to the ESPP 13 8 12

Shares issuable upon conversion of 2027 Notes 10,572 — —

Note 3 — Research and Development Arrangements

2021 Ji Xing and RTW Transactions

In December 2021, we entered into the 2021 RTW Transactions with parties that were at the time of our entry into the 2021 RTW Transactions affiliated and in contemplation of one another and, accordingly, we have assessed the accounting for these transactions in the aggregate. Unconstrained arrangement consideration under the 2021 RTW Transactions totaled $70.0 million and was allocated in accordance with ASC 820, Fair Value Measurement, and ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, as follows (in thousands):

AllocatedConsideration

Units of Accounting:

License and collaboration $ 54,856

Common stock (fair value) 15,144

Total consideration $ 70,000

Ji Xing Omecamtiv Mecarbil License and Collaboration Agreement

On December 20, 2021, we entered into the Ji Xing OM License Agreement, pursuant to which we granted to Ji Xing an exclusive license to develop and commercialize omecamtiv mecarbil in China and Taiwan. Under the terms of the Ji Xing OM License Agreement, we are the beneficiary of a nonrefundable $50.0 million payment obligation from Ji Xing comprised of a $40.0 million payment as consideration for the rights granted by us to Ji Xing and $10.0 million attributable to our having submitted to the FDA an NDA for omecamtiv mecarbil. The $50.0 million payment was received by the Company in January 2022. We may be eligible to receive from Ji Xing additional payments totaling up to $330.0 million for the achievement of certain commercial milestone events in connection to omecamtiv mecarbil. In addition, Ji Xing will pay us tiered royalties in the mid-teens to the low twenties range on the net sales of pharmaceutical products containing omecamtiv mecarbil in China and Taiwan, subject to certain reductions for generic competition, patent expiration and payments for licenses to third party patents.

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CYTOKINETICS, INCORPORATED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS— (Continued)

Ji Xing will be responsible for the development and commercialization of omecamtiv mecarbil at its own cost and is required to use diligent efforts to develop and commercialize omecamtiv mecarbil in China and Taiwan. The development of omecamtiv mecarbil will be initially focused on HFrEF, and Ji Xing will have the opportunity to participate in Cytokinetics’ global clinical trials of omecamtiv mecarbil. Cytokinetics will supply omecamtiv mecarbil to Ji Xing either as a finished product or as an active pharmaceutical ingredient. Ji Xing may reimburse Cytokinetics for certain costs related to development and supply activities that we performed on their behalf.

The Ji Xing OM License Agreement, unless terminated earlier, will continue on a market-by-market basis until expiration of the relevant royalty term. Ji Xing has the right to terminate the Ji Xing OM License Agreement for convenience. Each party may terminate the Ji Xing OM License Agreement for the other party’s uncured material breach, insolvency, or failure to perform due to extended force majeure events. Cytokinetics may also terminate the Ji Xing OM License Agreement if Ji Xing challenges Cytokinetics’ patents or undergoes certain change of control transactions. Rights granted to Ji Xing in relation to omecamtiv mecarbil will revert to Cytokinetics upon termination, and, under certain circumstances, subject to a low single digit royalty payment by the Company to Ji Xing on the net sales of theproducts containing the compound omecamtiv mecarbil in China and Taiwan. We assessed this arrangement in accordance with ASC 606 and concluded that there is one performance obligation relating to the license of functional intellectual property. The performance obligation was satisfied, and we recognized the residual allocation of arrangement consideration as revenue of $54.9 million for 2021. Due to the nature of development, including the inherent risk of development and approval by regulatory authorities, we are unable to estimate if and when the development milestone payments could be achieved or become due and, accordingly, we consider the milestone payments to be fully constrained and excluded any potential milestone payments from the initial transaction price.

The consideration related to sales-based milestone payments, including royalties, will be recognized when the related sales occur under the sales- and usage-based royalty exception as these amounts have been determined to relate predominantly to the license.

We re-evaluate the probability of achievement of development milestones and any related constraints each reporting period. We will include consideration, without constraint, in the transaction price to the extent it is probable that a significant reversal in the amount of cumulative revenue recognized will not occur.

Common Stock Purchase Agreements

On December 20, 2021, as part of the 2021 RTWTransactions, we entered into common stock purchase agreements with each of the RTW Investors. These common stock purchase agreements provided for the sale and issuance of an aggregate of 511,182 shares of our common stock at a price per share of $39.125 and an aggregate purchase price of $20.0 million. The closing occurred on December 20, 2021. The RTW Investors have agreed to certain trading and other restrictions with respect to the shares of common stock they purchased pursuant to these agreements, including a restriction on sales or other transfers of the shares, subject to certain exceptions, for a period of one year from the closing date. The restrictions resulted in a premium paid by the RTW Investors of $4.9 million, which represents the excess amount paid over the fair value of the shares of common stock purchased. The premium was determined by analyzing the restrictions discount applied to the closing stock price as of December 20, 2021, which is a Level 2 fair value input. The cash received less the calculated premium is the $15.1 million fair value of the common stock recorded.

2020 Ji Xing and RTW Transactions

On July 14, 2020, we entered in the 2020 RTW Transactions, as described below, with RTW Royalty Holdings and Ji Xing , related to aficamten, our proprietary small molecule cardiac myosin inhibitor product, a novel cardiac myosin inhibitor, and other assets. The 2020 RTW Transactions include entering into a licensing and collaboration agreement with Ji Xing, the sale of Cytokinetics common stock to the RTW Investors, an agreement to sell to RTW Royalty Holdings our interest in certain future royalties on net sales of products containing the compound mavacamten that are or may be developed or commercialized by Bristol-Myers Squibb Company (formerly by MyoKardia, Inc.), including CAMZYOStm (mavacamten), and the ability for the Company to obtain additional funding in the future from RTW Royalty Holdings, upon the achievement of certain clinical trial milestones, in exchange for future royalty payments as further discussed below. As a result, we have received and expect to receive a combination of license fees, milestone revenues and sale proceeds from the RTW Investors, RTW Royalty Holdings and Ji Xing.

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CYTOKINETICS, INCORPORATED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS— (Continued)

The 2020 RTW Transactions were entered into with parties that were at the time of our entry into the 2020 RTW Transactions affiliated and in contemplation of one another and, accordingly, we have assessed the accounting for these transactions in the aggregate. We concluded that there were three units of accounting in the 2020 RTW Transactions as further described below. The Company allocated the total consideration in accordance with ASC 820 and ASC 606 as follows (in thousands):

AllocatedConsideration

Units of Accounting:

License and collaboration (residual) $ 36,501

Royalty (fair value) 87,000

Common stock (fair value) 36,499

Ji Xing Aficamten License and Collaboration Agreement

On July 14, 2020, we entered into the Ji Xing Aficamten License Agreement with Ji Xing, pursuant to which we granted to Ji Xing an exclusive license to develop and commercialize aficamten in China and Taiwan. Under the terms of the Ji Xing Aficamten License Agreement, we received from Ji Xing a nonrefundable upfront payment of $25.0 million. We may be eligible to receive from Ji Xing milestone payments totaling up to $200.0 million for the achievement of certain development and commercial milestone events in connection to aficamten in the field of oHCM and/or nHCM and other indications. In addition, Ji Xing will pay us tiered royalties in the low-to-high teens range on the net sales of the products containing aficamten in China and Taiwan, subject to certain reductions for generic competition, patent expiration and payments for licenses to third party patents.

Ji Xing will be responsible for the development and commercialization of aficamten at its own cost and is required to use diligent efforts to develop and commercialize aficamten in China and Taiwan. The development of aficamten will be initially focused on HCM, and Ji Xing will have the opportunity to participate in Cytokinetics’ global pivotal clinical trials of aficamten. Cytokinetics or a designated supplier will supply aficamten to Ji Xing either as a finished product or as an active pharmaceutical ingredient.

The Ji Xing Aficamten License Agreement, unless terminated earlier, will continue on a market-by-market basis until expiration of the relevant royalty term. Ji Xing has the right to terminate the Ji Xing Aficamten License Agreement for convenience. Each party may terminate the Ji Xing Aficamten License Agreement for the other party’s uncured material breach, insolvency, or failure to perform due to extended force majeure events. Cytokinetics may also terminate the Ji Xing Aficamten License Agreement if Ji Xing challenges Cytokinetics’ patents or undergoes certain change of control transactions. Rights granted to Ji Xing in relation to aficamten will revert to Cytokinetics upon termination, and, under certain circumstances, subject to a low single digit royalty payment by the Company to Ji Xing on the net sales of the products containing the compound aficamten in China and Taiwan.

We assessed this arrangement in accordance with ASC 606 and concluded that there is one performance obligation relating to the license of functional intellectual property. The performance obligation was satisfied, and we recognized the residual allocation of arrangement consideration as revenue of $36.5 million for 2020. No license revenue was recognized in 2021 related to the Ji Xing Aficamten License Agreement. Due to the nature of development, including the inherent risk of development and approval by regulatory authorities, we are unable to estimate if and when the development milestone payments could be achieved or become due and, accordingly, we consider the milestone payments to be fully constrained and exclude the milestone payments from the initial transaction price.

The consideration related to sales-based milestone payments, including royalties, will be recognized when the related sales occur under the sales and usage-based royalty exception of ASC 606 as these amounts have been determined to relate predominantly to the license.

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CYTOKINETICS, INCORPORATED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS— (Continued)

We recognized a $5.0 million milestone from Ji Xing during the third quarter of 2021 for initiation of a phase 3 clinical trial for aficamten in oHCM. Although our contractual right to payment had not arisen under the Ji Xing Aficamten License Agreement, we determined recognition of the milestone in accordance with ASC 606 during the third quarter of 2021 was appropriate based on our expected initiation of a phase 3 clinical trial of aficamten in oHCM and was recorded as a corresponding contract asset in other current assets in our consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2021.

Royalty Purchase Agreement

On July 14, 2020, we entered the RTW Royalty Purchase Agreement with RTW Royalty Holdings, pursuant to which we sold our Mavacamten Royalty, under the Research Collaboration Agreement, dated August 24, 2012, between us and MyoKardia, Inc. to RTW Royalty Holdings for a one-time payment of $85.0 million. The RTW Royalty Purchase Agreement transaction closed on November 13, 2020. On March 31, 2021, RTW Royalty Holdings assigned its rights and obligations under the RTW Royalty Purchase Agreement to its affiliate, RTW ICAV. We understand that on April 18, 2022, RTW ICAV and MyoKardia, Inc. entered into agreements, which purported to assign all of RTW ICAV's rights, title and interest to the Mavacamten Royalty to MyoKardia, Inc., and on April 25, 2022, we entered into a tripartite agreement with RTW ICAV and MyoKardia, Inc. acknowledging the release and discharge of any further obligations by us or MyoKardia, Inc. in connection to the Mavacamten Royalty.

The allocation of the consideration for the 2020 RTW Transactions resulted in $87.0 million being allocated to the RTW Royalty Purchase Agreement representing its fair value. The fair value was determined using an income approach method based on management’s estimates of the discounted cash flows to be received over the term of the related royalty agreement, which are Level 3 fair value inputs. Management’s estimates included significant unobservable inputs. These inputs are derived using internal management estimates developed based on third party data and reflect management’s judgements, current market conditions surrounding competing products, and forecasts. The significant unobservable inputs include the estimated patient population, estimated selling price, estimated peak sales and sales ramp, the expected term of the royalty stream, and timing of the expected launch. The $87.0 million was initially recorded as deferred revenue. On April 25, 2022, as discussed above, we entered into a tripartite agreement with RTW ICAV and MyoKardia, Inc. acknowledging the release and discharge of any further obligations by us or MyoKardia, Inc. in connection to the Mavacamten Royalty. As a result of the full extinguishment of the Mavacamten Royalty, we recognized revenue of $87.0 million.

Common Stock Purchase Agreements

On July 14, 2020, we entered into common stock purchase agreements with each of the RTW Investors. These common stock purchase agreements provided for the sale and issuance of an aggregate of 2.0 million shares of common stock of Cytokinetics at a price per share of $25.00 and an aggregate purchase price of $50.0 million. The closing occurred on July 14, 2020. The RTW Investors have agreed to certain trading and other restrictions with respect to the shares of common stock they purchased pursuant to these agreements, including a restriction on sales or other transfers of the shares, subject to certain exceptions, for a period of two years from the closing date, which period will be extended if certain conditions are met. The restrictions resulted in a premium paid by RTW investors of $13.5 million which represents the excess amount paid over the fair value of the shares of common stock purchased. The premium was determined by analyzing the holding period discount applied to the 30-day average stock price as of July 14, 2020, which is a Level 2 fair value input. The cash received less the calculated premium is the $36.5 million fair value of the common stock recorded.

Funding Agreement

During July 2020, we also entered into a Funding Agreement (the “Funding Agreement”) with RTW Royalty Holdings. Pursuant to the Funding Agreement, RTW Royalty Holdings had committed to provide up to $90.0 million to fund our development and commercialization of aficamten in nHCM and oHCM.

On January 7, 2022, we announced that we had elected to unilaterally terminate the Funding Agreement in connection with our entry into the RP Aficamten RPA (as defined below). At the time of its termination, we had not exercised any rights to sell any revenue interest in aficamten under the Funding Agreement.

Astellas

Our strategic alliance with Astellas to advance novel therapies for diseases and medical conditions associated with skeletal muscle impairment and weakness commenced in 2013 under the Astellas Agreement.

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CYTOKINETICS, INCORPORATED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS— (Continued)

On April 23, 2020, we and Astellas entered into the two agreements referenced below which, taken together, amend and restate the Company’s research, development and commercialization collaboration with Astellas under the Astellas Agreement.

Fast Skeletal Regulatory Activator Agreement

The Company and Astellas entered into the Astellas FSRA Agreement on April 23, 2020. As a result of the Astellas FSRA Agreement, the Company will now have exclusive control and responsibility for the Company's future development and commercialization of reldesemtiv, CK-601 and other FSRA compounds and products, and accordingly, Astellas has agreed to terminate its license to all FSRA compounds and related products.

Under the Astellas FSRA Agreement, Astellas agreed to pay one-third of the out-of-pocket clinical development costs which may be incurred in connection with the Company’s Phase 3 clinical trial of reldesemtiv in ALS, up to a maximum contribution by Astellas of $12 million. As of December 31, 2022, Astellas has reimbursed us $9.3 million. In addition, Astellas agreed to non-cash contributions to the Company, which include the transfer of its existing inventories of active pharmaceutical ingredient of reldesemtiv and CK-601. Astellas has also agreed to the continued conduct of ongoing stability studies pertaining to such existing inventories of active pharmaceutical ingredient, at Astellas’ cost. In exchange, the Company will pay Astellas a low- to mid- single digit royalty on sales of reldesemtiv in the United States, Canada, United Kingdom and the E.U. until the later of (i) ten years following the first commercial sale of such product in a major market country, or (ii) December 31, 2034, subject to certain royalty reduction provisions. The Company will not owe Astellas royalties on sales of reldesemtiv in any other country, or on the sale of any FSRA compounds or related products other than reldesemtiv.

License and Collaboration Agreement for Other Skeletal Sarcomere Activators

The Company and Astellas also entered into the Astellas OSSA Agreement, which is an amendment and restatement of the Astellas Agreement and removes the FSRA compounds and related products from the collaboration.

On April 27, 2021, we received written notice of termination from Astellas of the Astellas OSSA Agreement. The termination of the Astellas OSSA Agreement was effective November 1, 2021.

We recognized research revenue for reimbursements from Astellas of internal costs of certain full-time employee equivalents, supporting collaborative research and development programs, and of other costs related to those programs through March 31, 2021 when the research term of the Astellas OSSA Agreement expired.

Research and development revenue from Astellas for 2022, 2021, and 2020 was $5.7 million, $3.2 million, and $6.6 million, respectively.

We had no accounts receivable from Astellas as of December 31, 2022. We had accounts receivable from Astellas of $1.8 million as of December 31, 2021.

Amgen

On November 23, 2020, we received written notice of termination from Amgen of the Amgen Agreement pertaining to the discovery, development and commercialization of novel small molecule therapeutics, including omecamtiv mecarbil, a novel cardiac myosin activator, and CK-136 (formerly AMG 594), a novel cardiac troponin activator. The termination of the Amgen Agreement was effective May 20, 2021.

We recognized research and development revenue for reimbursements from Amgen of both internal costs of certain full-time employee equivalents and other costs related to the Amgen Agreement, which terminated effective May 20, 2021. There was no research and development revenue from Amgen in 2022. Research and development revenue from Amgen was $7.4 million in 2021 and $10.0 million in 2020 and consists of reimbursement of costs we incurred related to METEORIC-HF.

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS— (Continued)

Note 4 — Fair Value Measurements

We value our financial assets and liabilities at fair value, defined as the price that would be received for assets when sold or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date (exit price). We utilize market data or assumptions that we believe market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability, including assumptions about risk and the risks inherent in the inputs to the valuation technique. These inputs can be readily observable, market corroborated or generally unobservable.

We primarily apply the market approach for recurring fair value measurements and endeavor to utilize the best information reasonably available. Accordingly, we use valuation techniques that maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs to the extent possible and consider the security issuers’ and the third-party issuers’ credit risk in our assessment of fair value.

We classify fair value based on the observability of those inputs using a hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs used to measure fair value. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1 measurement) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3 measurement):

Level 1 — Observable inputs, such as quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities;

Level 2 — Inputs, other than the quoted prices in active markets, that are observable either directly or through corroboration with observable market data; and

Level 3 — Unobservable inputs, for which there is little or no market data for the assets or liabilities, such as internally-developed valuation models.

Fair Value of Financial Assets

The follow tables set forth the fair value of our financial assets, which consist of cash equivalents and investments classified as available-for-sale securities, that were measured on a recurring basis (in thousands):

U.S. Treasury securities backed repurchase agreements Level 2 16,003 — — 16,003

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CYTOKINETICS, INCORPORATED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS— (Continued)

The available-for-sale securities in our consolidated balance sheet are as follows (in thousands):

Interest income was $11.4 million, $1.0 million, and $5.3 million in 2022, 2021, and 2020, respectively.

No credit losses on debt securities were recognized in either 2022 or 2021. In its evaluation to determine expected credit losses, management considered all available historical and current information, expectations of future economic conditions, the type of security, the credit rating of the security, and the size of the loss position, as well as other relevant information. The Company does not intend to sell, and is unlikely to be required to sell, any of these available-for-sale investments before their effective maturity or market price recovery.

The carrying amount of our accounts receivable and accounts payable approximate fair value due to the short-term nature of these instruments.

There were no transfers between Level 1, Level 2, and Level 3 during the periods presented.

Note 5 — Balance Sheet Components

Our property and equipment consisted of (in thousands):

December 31,

Property and equipment, net:

Computer equipment and software 3,900 4,605

Office equipment, furniture and fixtures 6,056 4,042

Construction in progress 741 224

Right-of-use assets, finance lease 2,448 1,409

Depreciation expense was $5.8 million, $2.3 million, and $1.8 million for 2022, 2021, and 2020, respectively.

Our accrued liabilities were as follows (in thousands):

December 31,

Accrued liabilities:

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CYTOKINETICS, INCORPORATED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS— (Continued)

We sponsor a 401(k) defined contribution plan covering all employees and contributed $1.8 million, $1.1 million, and $0.9 million to this plan in 2022, 2021, and 2020 respectively.

Note 6 — Agreements with Royalty Pharma

On January 7, 2022, we announced that we had entered into the 2022 RPI Transactions with affiliates of Royalty Pharma International plc.

The RP Loan Agreement and the RP Aficamten RPA described below, are determined to be debt instruments subsequently measured at amortized cost and were entered into with parties that were at the time of our entry into the 2022 RPI Transactions affiliated and in contemplation of one another. We used the relative fair value method and made separate estimates of the fair value of each freestanding financial instrument and then allocated the proceeds in proportion to those fair value amounts. Arrangement consideration for the RP Loan Agreement and the RP Aficamten RPA totaled $150 million, consisting of the two $50 million upfront payments for the signing of the RP Loan Agreement and the RP Aficamten RPA and milestone of $50 million for initiation of the first pivotal trial in oHCM for aficamten that was deemed probable at the signing of the agreements.

The total consideration was allocated as follows (in thousands):

Fair Value Proceeds Allocation

Units of Accounting:

2022 RP Loan Agreement

•

$50.0 million of tranche 2 term loans during the one year period following the receipt on or prior to March 31, 2023 of marketing approval from FDA of omecamtiv mecarbil;

•

$75.0 million of tranche 4 term loans during the one year period following the receipt on or prior to September 30, 2024 of positive results from SEQUOIA-HCM, the Phase 3 trial for aficamten; and

•

As a result of our receipt of a CRL on February 28, 2023, in connection to our NDA for omecamtiv mecarbil, we do not expect to satisfy the conditions to the availability of the tranche 2 and tranche 3 loans under the RP Loan Agreement.

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CYTOKINETICS, INCORPORATED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS— (Continued)

Each term loan under the RP Loan Agreement matures on the 10 year anniversary of the funding date for such term loan and is repayable in quarterly installments of principal, interest and fees commencing on the last business day of the seventh full calendar quarter following the calendar quarter of the applicable funding date for such term loan, with the aggregate amount payable in respect of each term loan (including interest and other applicable fees) equal to 190% of the principal amount of the term loan for the tranche 1, tranche 4 and tranche 5 term loans and 200% of the principal amount of the term loan for tranche 2 and tranche 3 term loans (such amount with respect to each term loan, “Final Payment Amount”). We accounted for amounts drawn under the RP Loan Agreement using the effective interest method which resulted in an effective interest rate of 7.65% over the ten-year term. As of the date of the prepayment or maturity of the term loan (or the date such prepayment or repayment is required to be paid), we will be required to pay an additional amount equal to $34.6 million accreted over the term of the loan.

Future minimum payments under the existing borrowing under RP Loan Agreement are (in thousands):

Years ending December 31:

Future minimum payments 95,040

Less: Unamortized interest and loan costs (30,272 )

As of December 31, 2022, the fair value of our RP Loan approximated its carrying value of $64.8 million based upon a market observable interest rate, which is a Level 2 input.

Interest expense for the RP Loan Agreement was $4.8 million in 2022.

Concurrent with our entry into the RP Loan Agreement, we terminated the Term Loan Agreement with Silicon Valley Bank and Oxford Finance LLC and repaid all amounts outstanding thereunder as further described in Note 7.

2022 RP Aficamten Royalty Purchase Agreement

In addition, on January 7, 2022, we entered into the RP Aficamten RPA with RPI ICAV, pursuant to which RPI ICAV purchased rights to certain revenue streams from net sales of pharmaceutical products containing aficamten by us, our affiliates and our licensees in exchange for up to $150.0 million in consideration, $50.0 million of which was paid on the closing date, $50.0 million of which was paid to us in March 2022 following the initiation of the first pivotal trial in oHCM for aficamten and $50.0 million of which is payable following the initiation of the first pivotal clinical trial in nHCM for aficamten. The RP Aficamten RPA also provides that the parties will negotiate terms for additional funding if we achieve proof of concept results in certain other indications for aficamten, with a reduction in the applicable royalty if we and RPI ICAV fail to agree on such terms in certain circumstances.

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CYTOKINETICS, INCORPORATED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS— (Continued)

We account for the RP Aficamten Liability as a liability primarily because we have significant continuing involvement in generating the related revenue stream from which the liability will be repaid. If and when aficamten is commercialized and royalties become due, we will recognize the portion of royalties paid to RPI ICAV as a decrease to the RP Aficamten Liability and a corresponding reduction in cash.

The carrying amount of the RP Aficamten Liability is based on our estimate of the future royalties to be paid to RPI ICAV over the life of the arrangement as discounted using an imputed rate of interest. The imputed rate of interest on the unamortized portion of the RP Aficamten Liability was approximately 22.4% as of December 31, 2022.

During the third and fourth quarter of 2022, we updated our analyses of the RP Aficamten RPA to reflect our assumptions resulting from ongoing global market research and to reflect other adjustments in connection with our anticipated commercialization. Our estimates regarding the amount of future royalty payments under the RP Aficamten RPA increased due to changes in management’s estimates of unobservable inputs related to market conditions and timing. The adjustment is accounted for on a prospective basis in our liability calculation and resulted in changes in our imputed interest rate from 11.7% in the second quarter of 2022 to 22.4% in the fourth quarter of 2022. We recognized $15.5 million of non-cash interest expense in 2022 related to the RP Aficamten RPA. In 2022, the change in estimate had no impact on revenue and increased the net loss by $5.3 million. The change in accounting estimate increased the net loss per share by $0.06 in 2022.

2017 RP Omecamtiv Mecarbil Royalty Purchase Agreement

In February 2017, we entered into the RP OM RPA pursuant to which we sold a portion of our right to receive royalties from Amgen on future net sales of omecamtiv mecarbil to RPFT for a one-time payment of $90 million, which is non-refundable even if omecamtiv mecarbil is never commercialized. Concurrently, we entered into a common stock purchase agreement with RPFT through which RPFT purchased 875,656 shares of the Company’s common stock for $10.0 million. We allocated the consideration and issuance costs on a relative fair value basis to our liability to RPFT related to sale of future royalties under the RP OM RPA (the “RP OM Liability”) and the common stock sold to RPFT, which resulted in the RP OM Liability being initially recognized at $92.3 million. The RP OM RPA provides for the sale of a royalty to RPFT of 4.5% on worldwide net sales of omecamtiv mecarbil, subject to a potential increase of up to an additional 1% under certain circumstances. As a result of our receipt of a CRL on February 28, 2023 in connection to our NDA for omecamtiv mecarbil, pursuant to the terms of the RP OM RPA, the applicable royalty rate will increase to a maximum of 5.5% if omecamtiv approval obtains FDA approval at any time after June 30, 2023.

As a result of the termination of the Amgen Agreement and pursuant to our obligations under the RP OM RPA, we and RPFT amended the RP OM RPA on January 7, 2022 to preserve RPFT’s rights under the RP OM RPA by providing for direct payments by us to RPFT of up to 5.5% of our and our affiliates and licensees worldwide net sales of omecamtiv mecarbil. The RP OM RPA, as amended, had no impact on the original accounting for the $92.3 million associated with the RP OM Liability established in February 2017.

We account for the RP OM Liability as a liability primarily because we have significant continuing involvement in generating the related revenue stream from which the liability will be repaid. If and when omecamtiv mecarbil is commercialized and royalties become due, we will recognize the portion of royalties paid to RPFT as a decrease to the RP OM Liability and a corresponding reduction in cash.

The carrying amount of the RP OM Liability is based on our estimate of the future royalties to be paid to RPFT over the life of the arrangement as discounted using an imputed rate of interest. The excess of future estimated royalty payments over the $92.3 million of allocated proceeds, less issuance costs, is recognized as non-cash interest expense using the effective interest method. The imputed rate of interest on the unamortized portion of the RP OM Liability was approximately 8.5% as of December 31, 2022 and 10.0% as of December 31, 2021.

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CYTOKINETICS, INCORPORATED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS— (Continued)

During the third and fourth quarter of 2022, we updated our analyses of the RP OM RPA to reflect our current assumptions resulting from ongoing global market research and to reflect other adjustments in connection with our anticipated commercialization, including the result of FDA Cardiovascular and Renal Drugs Advisory Committee in December 2022 that voted the benefits of omecamtiv mecarbil do not outweigh its risks for the treatment of HFrEF. Our estimates regarding the amount of future royalty payments under the RP OM RPA decreased year over year, however the royalty rate and probability of success increased from 2021 to 2022. The adjustments are accounted for on a prospective basis in our liability calculation and resulted in changes in our imputed interest rate and non-cash interest expense from 10.0% and $12.9 million in 2021 to 8.5% and $16.2 million in 2022, respectively. In 2022, the change in estimate had no impact on revenue and reduced the net loss by $1.8 million. The change in accounting estimate reduced the net loss per share by $0.02 in 2022.

As a result of our receipt of a CRL in connection to our NDA for omecamtiv mecarbil (see Note 11), our estimates regarding the amount of future royalty payments under the RP OM RPA will be re-evaluated in the first quarter of 2023 and will be accounted for on a prospective basis in our liability calculation. As a consequence of our receipt of the CRL from FDA, any approval of omecamtiv mecarbil in the United States would likely only occur after June 30, 2023, the date at which the royalty rate under the RP OM RPA will increase to no more than 5.5%, while and the resulting sales forecast for omecamtiv mecarbil is expected to decrease since comercializaation and sales of omecamtiv mecarbil will be delayed.

Accounting for the Royalty Pharma Royalty Purchase Agreements

We periodically assess the amount and timing of expected royalty payments using a combination of internal projections and forecasts from external sources. To the extent such payments are greater or less than our initial estimates or the timing of such payments is materially different than its original estimates, we will prospectively adjust the amortization of the RP OM Liability and the RP Aficamten Liability and the effective interest rate.

There are a number of factors that could materially affect the amount and timing of royalty payments, a number of which are not within our control. The RP OM Liability and the RP Aficamten Liability are recognized using significant unobservable inputs. These inputs are derived using internal management estimates developed based on third party data, including competitor sales data, and reflect management’s judgements, current market conditions surrounding competing products, and forecasts. The significant unobservable inputs include the estimated patient population, estimated selling price, estimated peak sales and sales ramp, the expected term of the royalty stream, timing of the expected launch and its impact on the royalty rate as well as the overall probability of success. A significant change in unobservable inputs could result in a material increase or decrease to the effective interest rate of the RP OM Liability and the RP Aficamten Liability.

We review our assumptions on a regular basis and our estimates may change in the future as we refine and reassess our assumptions.

Changes to the RP Aficamten Liability and the RP OM Liability are as follows (in thousands):

RP Aficamten Liability RP OM Liability RP OM Liability

Initial carrying value 89,571 — —

Amortization of issuance costs — 116 112

CYTK US Equity

CYTK · 10-K · period ended 2022-12-31

ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA

CYTK US Equity☆

CYTK · 10-K · period ended 2022-12-31

ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA

CYTK US Equity