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Item 1A. Risk Factors

Set forth below are the risks we believe investors should consider carefully in evaluating an investment in the securities of Cousins Properties Incorporated.

General Risks of Owning and Operating Real Estate

Our ownership of commercial real estate involves a number of risks, the effects of which could adversely affect our business.

General economic and market risks. In a general economic decline or recessionary climate, our commercial real estate assets may not generate sufficient cash to pay expenses, service debt, or cover operational, improvement, or maintenance costs, and, as a result, our results of operations and cash flows may be adversely affected. Factors that may adversely affect the economic performance and value of our properties include, among other things:

•changes in the national, regional, and local economic climate;

•local real estate conditions such as an oversupply of rentable space caused by increased development of new properties, a reduction in demand for rentable space caused by a change in the preferences and requirements of our tenants (including space usage), such as work-from-home practices and utilization of open workspaces or "co-working" space, or economic conditions decreasing the desirability of our locations;

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•the attractiveness of our properties to tenants or buyers;

•competition from other available properties;

•changes in market rental rates and related concessions granted to tenants including, but not limited to, free rent and tenant improvement allowances;

•uninsured losses or losses in excess of our insurance coverage as a result of casualty events or other claims or events;

•insolvency of our insurance carriers;

•sociopolitical unrest such as political instability, civil unrest, armed hostilities, or political activism resulting in a disruption of day-to-day building operations;

•the impact of a public health crisis and the governmental and third party response to such a crisis;

•the need to periodically repair, renovate, and re-lease properties;

•changes in federal, state, and local income tax laws as they affect real estate companies and real estate investors; and

•changes in interest rates and availability of permanent financing sources that may render the sale of a property difficult or unattractive or otherwise reduce returns to stockholders.

Uncertain economic conditions may adversely impact current tenants in our various markets and, accordingly, could affect their ability to pay rent owed to us pursuant to their leases. In periods of economic uncertainty, tenants are more likely to downsize and/or to declare bankruptcy; and, pursuant to various bankruptcy laws, leases may be rejected and thereby terminated. Furthermore, our ability to sell or lease our properties at favorable rates, or at all, may be negatively impacted by general or local economic conditions.

Our ability to collect rent from tenants may affect our ability to pay for adequate maintenance, insurance, and other operating costs (including real estate taxes). Also, the expense of owning and operating a property is not necessarily proportionally reduced when circumstances such as reduced occupancy or other market factors cause a reduction in income from the property. If a property is mortgaged and we are unable to meet the mortgage payments, the lender could foreclose on the mortgage and take title to the property. In addition, interest rates, financing availability, law changes, and governmental regulations (including those governing usage, zoning, and taxes) may adversely affect our financial condition.

Impairment risks. We regularly review our real estate assets for impairment; and based on these reviews, we may record impairments that have an adverse effect on our results of operations. Negative or uncertain market and economic conditions, as well as market volatility, increase the likelihood of incurring impairment. If we decide to sell a real estate asset rather than holding it for long-term investment or if we reduce our estimates of future cash flows on a real estate asset, the risk of impairment increases. The magnitude and frequency with which these charges occur could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

Leasing risk. Our operating properties were 91.0% leased at December 31, 2022. Our 20 largest customers account for a meaningful portion of our revenues. Our operating revenues are dependent upon entering into leases with, and collecting rents from, our tenants. Tenants whose leases are expiring may want to decrease the space they lease and/or may be unwilling to continue their lease. When leases expire or are terminated, replacement tenants may not be available upon acceptable terms and market rental rates may be lower than the previous contractual rental rates. Also, our tenants may approach us for additional concessions in order to remain open and operating. The granting of these concessions may adversely affect our results of operations and cash flows to the extent that they result in reduced rental rates, additional capital improvements, or allowances paid to, or on behalf of, the tenants.

Tenant and market concentration risk. As of December 31, 2022, our top 20 tenants represented 37.9% of our annualized base rental revenues with no single tenant accounting for more than 7.3% of our annualized base rental revenues. The inability or refusal of any of our significant tenants to pay rent or a decision by a significant tenant to vacate their premises prior to, or at the conclusion of, their lease term could have a significant negative impact on our results of operations or financial condition if a suitable replacement tenant is not secured in a timely manner.

For the three months ended December 31, 2022, 36.4% of our net operating income for properties owned was derived from the metropolitan Atlanta area, 31.1% was derived from the Austin area, 9.7% was derived from the Tampa area, 8.9% was derived from the Phoenix area, and 8.8% was derived from the Charlotte area. Any adverse economic conditions impacting Atlanta, Austin, Tampa, Phoenix, or Charlotte could adversely affect our overall results of operations and financial condition.

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Uninsured losses and condemnation costs. Accidents, earthquakes, hurricanes, floods, droughts, terrorism incidents, and other losses at our properties could adversely affect our operating results. Casualties may occur that significantly damage an operating property or property under development, and insurance proceeds may be less than the total loss incurred by us. Although we, or our joint venture partners where applicable, maintain casualty insurance under policies we believe to be adequate and appropriate, including rent loss insurance on operating properties, some types of losses, such as those related to the termination of longer-term leases and other contracts, generally are not insured. Certain types of insurance may not be available or may be available on terms that could result in large uninsured losses, and insurers may not pay a claim as required under a policy. Property ownership also involves potential liability to third parties for such matters as personal injuries occurring on the property. Such losses may not be fully insured. In addition to uninsured losses, various government authorities may condemn all or parts of operating properties. Such condemnations could adversely affect the viability of such projects.

Environmental issues. Federal, state, and local laws and regulations relating to the protection of the environment may require a current or previous owner or operator of real estate to investigate and clean up hazardous or toxic substances or petroleum product released at a property. If determined to be liable, the owner or operator may have to pay a governmental entity or third parties for property damage and for investigation and clean-up costs incurred by such parties in connection with the contamination, or perform such investigation and clean-up itself. Although certain legal protections may be available to prospective purchasers of property, these laws typically impose clean-up responsibility and liability without regard to whether the owner or operator knew of or caused the presence of the regulated substances. Even if more than one person may have been responsible for the release of regulated substances at the property, each person covered by the environmental laws may be held responsible for all of the clean-up costs incurred. In addition, third parties may sue the owner or operator of a site for damages and costs resulting from regulated substances emanating from that site. We manage this risk through Phase I Environmental Site Assessments and, as necessary, Phase II Environmental Site Assessments, which may include environmental sampling on properties we acquire or develop.

Inquiries about indoor air quality and water quality may necessitate special investigation and, depending on the results, remediation beyond our regular testing and maintenance programs. Indoor air quality and water quality issues can stem from inadequate ventilation, chemical contaminants from indoor or outdoor sources, and biological contaminants such as molds, pollen, viruses, and bacteria. When excessive moisture accumulates in buildings or on building materials, mold growth may occur, particularly if the moisture problem remains undiscovered or is not addressed over a period of time. Indoor exposure to mold or other chemical or biological contaminants above certain levels can be alleged to be connected to allergic reactions or other health effects and symptoms in susceptible individuals. If these conditions were to occur at one of our properties, we may be subject to third-party claims for personal injury or may need to undertake a targeted remediation program, including without limitation, steps to increase indoor ventilation rates and eliminate sources of contaminants. Such remediation programs could be costly, necessitate the temporary relocation of some or all of the property’s tenants, or require rehabilitation of the affected property. In addition, the presence of significant mold or other airborne contaminants could expose us to liability from our tenants, employees of our tenants, or others if property damage or personal injury occurs.

We are not currently aware of any environmental liabilities at locations that we believe could have a material adverse effect on our business, assets, financial condition, or results of operations. Unidentified environmental liabilities could arise, however, and could have an adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

Sustainability strategies. Our sustainability strategy is to develop and maintain resilient buildings that are operated in an environmentally and socially responsible manner, encouraging office users to select us for their corporate operations while enhancing the communities in which our buildings are located. Failure to develop and maintain sustainable and resilient buildings relative to our peers could adversely impact our ability to lease space at competitive rates and negatively impact our results of operations and portfolio attractiveness.

Climate change risks. The physical effects of climate change could have a material adverse effect on our properties, operations, and business. To the extent climate change causes changes in weather patterns or severity, our markets could experience increases in storm intensity (including floods, fires, tornadoes, hurricanes, or ice storms), rising sea-levels, and changes in precipitation, temperature, air quality, and quality and availability of water. Over time, these conditions could result in physical damage to, or declining demand for, our properties or our inability to operate the buildings efficiently or at all. Climate change may also indirectly affect our business by increasing the cost of (or making unavailable) property insurance on terms we find acceptable, increasing the cost of required resources, including energy, other fuel sources, water, and waste removal services, and increasing the risk and severity of flood, droughts, hurricanes, and earthquakes at our properties. Should the impact of climate change be severe or occur for lengthy periods of time, our financial condition or results of operations could be adversely impacted. In addition, compliance with new or more stringent laws or regulations or stricter interpretations of existing laws may require material expenditure by us. For example, various federal, state, and local laws and regulations have been implemented or are under consideration to mitigate the effects of climate change caused by

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greenhouse gas emissions. Among other things, "green" building codes may seek to reduce emissions through the imposition of standards for design, construction materials, water and energy usage and efficiency, and waste management. Such codes could require us to make improvements to our existing properties, increase the costs of maintaining or improving our existing properties or developing new properties, or increase taxes and fees assessed on us or our properties. Expenditures required for compliance with such codes may affect our cash flow and results of operations.

Joint venture structure risks. We hold ownership interests in a number of joint ventures with varying structures and may in the future invest in additional real estate through such structures. Our venture partners may have rights to take actions over which we have no control, or the right to withhold approval of actions that we propose, either of which could adversely affect our interests in the related joint ventures, and in some cases, our overall financial condition and results of operations. A venture partner may have economic and/or other business interests or goals that are incompatible with our business interests or goals and that venture partner may be in a position to take action contrary to our interests. In addition, such venture partners may default on their obligations, including loans secured by property owned by the joint venture that could have an adverse impact on the financial condition and operations of the joint venture. Such defaults may result in our fulfilling the defaulting partners' obligations that may, in some cases, require us to contribute additional capital to the ventures. Furthermore, the success of a project may be dependent upon the expertise, business judgment, diligence, and effectiveness of our venture partners in matters that are outside our control. Thus, the involvement of venture partners could adversely impact the development, operation, ownership, financing, or disposition of the underlying properties.

Title insurance risk. We did not acquire new title insurance policies in connection with the mergers with Parkway in 2016 or TIER in 2019, instead relying on existing policies benefiting those entities' subsidiaries. We generally do acquire title insurance policies for all developed and acquired properties; however, these policies may be for amounts less than the current or future values of the covered properties. If there were a title defect related to any of these properties, or to any of the properties acquired in connection with the mergers with Parkway or TIER where title insurance policies are ruled unenforceable, we could lose both our capital invested in and our anticipated profits from such property.

Liquidity risk. Real estate investments are relatively illiquid and can be difficult to sell and convert to cash quickly. As a result, our ability to sell one or more of our properties, whether in response to any changes in economic or other conditions or in response to a change in strategy, may be limited. In the event we want to sell a property, we may not be able to do so in the desired time period, the sales price of the property may not meet our expectations or requirements, and/or we may be required to record an impairment on the property as a result.

Ground lease risks. As of December 31, 2022, we had interests in eight land parcels in various markets that we lease individually on a long-term basis. As of December 31, 2022, we had 2.0 million aggregate square feet of rental space located on these leased parcels, from which we recognized 11% of total Net Operating Income ("NOI") in the fourth quarter of 2022. In the future, we may invest in additional properties on some of these parcels or additional parcels subject to ground leases. Many of these ground leases and other restrictive agreements impose significant limitations on our uses of the subject property and restrict our ability to sell or otherwise transfer our interests in the property. These restrictions may limit our ability to timely sell or exchange the property, may impair the property's value, or may negatively impact our ability to find suitable tenants for the property. In addition, if we default under the terms of any particular lease, we may lose the ownership rights to the property subject to the lease. Upon expiration of a lease, we may not be able to renegotiate a new lease on favorable terms, if at all. The loss of the ownership rights to these properties or an increase of rental expense could have an adverse effect on our financial condition and results.

Compliance or failure to comply with the Americans with Disabilities Act or other federal, state, and local regulatory requirements could result in substantial costs.

The Americans with Disabilities Act generally requires that certain buildings, including office buildings, be made accessible to disabled persons. We are currently in compliance with these requirements. Noncompliance could result in the imposition of fines by the federal government or the award of damages to private litigants. If, under the Americans with Disabilities Act, we are required to make substantial alterations and capital expenditures in one or more of our properties, including the removal of access barriers or the addition of access enhancements, it could adversely impact our earnings and cash flows, thereby impacting our ability to service debt and make distributions to our stockholders.

Our properties are subject to various federal, state, and local regulatory requirements, such as state and local fire, health, and life safety requirements. We are currently in compliance with these requirements. If we fail to comply with these requirements, we could incur fines or other monetary damages. We do not know whether existing requirements will change or whether compliance with future requirements will require significant unanticipated expenditures that will affect our cash flow and results of operations.

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Financing Risks

At certain times, interest rates and other market conditions for obtaining capital could be unfavorable, and, as a result, we may be unable to raise the capital needed to invest in acquisition or development opportunities, maintain our properties, or otherwise satisfy our commitments on a timely basis, or we may be forced to raise capital at a higher cost or under restrictive terms, which could adversely affect returns on our investments, our cash flows, and results of operations.

We generally finance our acquisition and development projects through one or more of the following: our $1 billion senior unsecured line of credit (the "Credit Facility"), unsecured debt, non-recourse mortgages, construction loans, the sale of assets, joint venture equity, the issuance of common stock, the issuance of preferred stock, and the issuance of units of CPLP. Each of these sources may be constrained from time to time because of market conditions, and the related cost of raising this capital may be unfavorable at any given point in time. These sources of capital, and the risks associated with each, include the following:

•Credit Facility. Terms and conditions available in the marketplace for unsecured credit facilities vary over time. We can provide no assurance that the amount we need from our Credit Facility will be available at any given time, or at all, or that the rates and fees charged by the lenders will be reasonable. We incur interest under our Credit Facility at a variable rate. Variable rate debt creates higher debt service requirements if market interest rates increase, which would adversely affect our cash flow and results of operations. Our Credit Facility contains customary restrictions, requirements, and other limitations on our ability to incur indebtedness, including restrictions on unsecured debt outstanding, restrictions on secured recourse debt outstanding, and requirements to maintain a minimum fixed charge coverage ratio. Our continued ability to borrow under our Credit Facility is subject to compliance with these covenants.

•Unsecured debt. Terms and conditions available in the marketplace for unsecured debt vary over time. The availability of unsecured debt may vary based on the capital markets and capital market activity. Unsecured debt generally contains restrictive covenants that may place limitations on our ability to conduct our business similar to those placed upon us by our Credit Facility.

•Non-recourse mortgages. The availability of non-recourse mortgages is dependent upon various conditions, including the willingness of mortgage lenders to lend at any given point in time. Interest rates and loan-to-value ratios may also be volatile, and we may from time to time elect not to proceed with mortgage financing due to unfavorable terms offered by lenders. If a property is mortgaged to secure payment of indebtedness and we are unable to make the mortgage payments, the lender may foreclose. Further, at the time a mortgage matures, the property may be worth less than the mortgage amount and, as a result, we may determine not to refinance the mortgage and permit foreclosure, potentially generating defaults on other debt.

•Asset sales. Real estate markets tend to experience market cycles. Because of such cycles, the potential terms and conditions of sales, including prices, may be unfavorable for extended periods of time. In addition, our status as a REIT can limit our ability to sell properties, which may affect our ability to liquidate an investment. As a result, our ability to raise capital through asset sales could be limited. In addition, mortgage financing on an asset may prohibit prepayment and/or impose a prepayment penalty upon the sale of that property, which may decrease the proceeds from a sale or make the sale impractical.

•Construction loans. Construction loans generally relate to specific assets under construction and fund costs above an initial equity amount as negotiated with the lender. Terms and conditions of construction loans vary, but they generally carry a term of two to five years, charge interest at variable rates, require the lender to be satisfied with the nature and amount of construction costs prior to funding, and require the lender to be satisfied with the level of pre-leasing prior to funding. Construction loans can require a portion of the loan to be recourse to us. In addition, construction loans generally require a completion guarantee by the borrower and may require a limited payment guarantee from the Company which may be disproportionate to any guaranty required from a joint venture partner. There may be times when construction loans are not available, or are only available upon unfavorable terms, which could have an adverse effect on our ability to fund development projects or on our ability to achieve the returns we expect.

•Joint ventures. Joint ventures, including partnerships or limited liability companies, tend to be complex arrangements, and there are only a limited number of parties willing to undertake such investment structures. There is no guarantee that we will be able to undertake these ventures at the times we need capital and at favorable terms.

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•Common stock. We consider public issuances of common stock to be an available source of capital for our acquisitions, development, and general corporate purposes. We can provide no assurance that conditions will be favorable for future issuances of common stock when we need capital. In addition, common stock issuances may have a dilutive effect on our earnings per share and funds from operations per share. The actual amount of dilution, if any, from any future offering of common stock will be based on numerous factors, particularly the use of proceeds and any return generated from these proceeds. The per share trading price of our common stock could decline as a result of the sale of shares of our common stock in the market in connection with an offering or as a result of the perception or expectation that such sales could occur. We regularly issue common stock to key employees and our directors under our 2019 Omnibus Incentive Stock Plan. We also issue shares of common stock to participants in our 2021 Employee Stock Purchase Plan.

•Preferred stock. The availability of preferred stock at favorable terms and conditions is dependent upon a number of factors including the general condition of the economy, the overall interest rate environment, the condition of the capital markets, and the demand for this product by potential holders of the securities. Issuance of preferred stock, if convertible, could be dilutive to earnings per share and have an adverse effect on the trading price of common stock. We can provide no assurance that conditions will be favorable for future issuances of preferred stock when we need the capital, which could have an adverse effect on our ability to fund acquisition and development activities.

•Operating partnership units. The issuance of units of CPLP in connection with property, portfolio, or business acquisitions could be dilutive to our earnings per share and could have an adverse effect on the per share trading price of our common stock.

Any additional indebtedness incurred may have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

As of December 31, 2022, we had $2.3 billion of outstanding indebtedness. The incurrence of additional indebtedness could have adverse consequences on our business, such as:

•requiring us to use a substantial portion of our cash flow from operations to service our indebtedness, which would reduce the available cash flow to fund working capital, capital expenditures, development projects, distributions, and other general corporate purposes;

•limiting our ability to obtain additional financing to fund our working capital needs, acquisitions, capital expenditures, or other debt service requirements or for other purposes;

•increasing our exposure to floating interest rates;

•limiting our ability to compete with other companies who have less leverage, as we may be less capable of responding to adverse economic and industry conditions;

•restricting us from making strategic acquisitions, developing properties, or capitalizing on business opportunities;

•restricting the way in which we conduct our business due to financial and operating covenants in the agreements governing our existing and future indebtedness;

•exposing us to potential events of default (if not cured or waived) under covenants contained in our debt instruments;

•increasing our vulnerability to a downturn in general economic conditions; and

•limiting our ability to react to changing market conditions in our industry.

The impact of any of these potential adverse consequences could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition, and liquidity.

Covenants contained in our Credit Facility, senior unsecured notes, term loans, and mortgages could restrict our operational flexibility, which could adversely affect our results of operations.

Our Credit Facility, senior unsecured notes, and our unsecured term loans impose financial and operating restrictions on us. These restrictions may be modified from time to time, but restrictions of this type include limitations on our ability to incur debt, as well as limitations on the amount of our secured debt, unsecured debt, and on the amount of joint venture activity in which we may engage. These covenants may limit our flexibility in making business decisions. If we fail to comply with these covenants, our ability to borrow may be impaired, which could potentially make it more difficult to fund our capital and operating needs. Our failure to comply with such covenants could cause a default, and we may then be

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required to repay our outstanding debt with capital from other sources. Under those circumstances, other sources of capital may not be available to us or may be available only on unattractive terms, which could materially and adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations. In addition, the cross default provisions on the Credit Facility, senior unsecured notes, and term loans may affect business decisions on other debt.

Some of our mortgages contain customary negative covenants, including limitations on our ability, without the lender’s prior consent, to further mortgage that specific property, to enter into new leases, to modify existing leases, or to redevelop or sell the property. Compliance with these covenants and requirements could harm our operational flexibility and financial condition.

Our degree of leverage could limit our ability to obtain additional financing or affect the market price of our securities.

Net debt as a percentage of either total asset value or total market capitalization and net debt as a multiple of annualized EBITDAre are non-GAAP metrics often used by analysts to gauge the financial health of equity REITs like us. If our degree of leverage is viewed unfavorably by lenders or potential joint venture partners, it could affect our ability to obtain additional financing. In general, our degree of leverage could also make us more vulnerable to a downturn in business or the economy. In addition, increases in our net debt to market capitalization ratio, which is in part a function of our stock price, or to other measures of asset value used by financial analysts may have an adverse effect on the market price of common stock.

Planned discontinuation of LIBOR could have an adverse impact on operations.

The London Interbank Offered Rate ("LIBOR") has been the subject of regulatory guidance and proposals for reform, and in March 2021, the United Kingdom's Financial Conduct Authority (the authority that regulates LIBOR) announced it intends to stop compelling banks to submit rates for the calculation of LIBOR after June 30, 2023. In December 2022, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2022-06 to defer the sunset date of FASB Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) Topic 848, Reference Rate Reform until December 31, 2024. As of December 31, 2022, we have one loan (within our Neuhoff joint venture) with a LIBOR-based variable interest rate. This construction loan bears interest at LIBOR plus 3.60% and matures on September 30, 2025. The Neuhoff loan provides for alternate interest rate calculations if LIBOR is no longer widely available, including the Secured Overnight Financing Rate ("SOFR"). There can be no assurances as to what alternative interest rates may be and whether such interest rates, such as SOFR, will be more or less favorable than LIBOR and any other unforeseen impacts of the discontinuation of LIBOR.

Real Estate Acquisition and Development Risks

We face risks associated with operating property acquisitions.

Operating property acquisitions contain inherent risks. These risks may include:

•difficulty in leasing vacant space or renewing existing tenants at the acquired property;

•the costs and timing of repositioning or redeveloping acquisitions;

•disproportionate concentrations of earnings in one or more markets;

•the acquisitions may fail to meet internal projections or otherwise fail to perform as expected;

•the acquisitions may be in markets that are unfamiliar to us and could present unforeseen business challenges;

•the timing of acquisitions may not match the timing of dispositions, leading to periods of time where proceeds are not invested as profitably as we desire or where we increase short-term borrowings until sales proceeds become available;

•a change in our sustainability or resiliency profile, including an increase in key performance metrics like energy consumption intensity and greenhouse gas emissions, and/or a decrease in the percentage of our operating portfolio with key sustainability certifications;

•the inability to obtain financing for acquisitions on favorable terms, or at all;

•the inability to successfully integrate the operations, maintain consistent standards, controls, policies, and procedures, or realize the anticipated benefits of acquisitions within the anticipated time frames, or at all;

•the inability to effectively monitor and manage our expanded portfolio of properties, retain key employees, or attract highly qualified new employees;

•the possible decline in value of the acquired asset;

•the diversion of our management’s attention away from other business concerns; and

•the exposure to any undisclosed or unknown issues, expenses, or potential liabilities relating to acquisitions.

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In addition, we may acquire properties subject to liabilities with no, or limited, recourse against the prior owners or other third parties. As a result, if a liability were asserted against us based upon ownership of those properties, we might have to pay substantial sums to settle or contest it, which might not be fully covered by owner's title insurance policies or other insurance policies.

Any of these risks could cause a failure to realize the intended benefits of our acquisitions and could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations, and the market price of our common stock.

We face risks associated with the development of real estate.

Development activities contain certain inherent risks. Although we seek to minimize risks from development through various management controls and procedures, development risks cannot be eliminated. Some of the key factors affecting development of property are as follows:

•Abandoned predevelopment costs. The development process inherently requires that a large number of opportunities be pursued with only a few actually being developed. We may incur significant costs for predevelopment activity for projects that are ultimately abandoned, which would directly affect our results of operations. For projects that are abandoned, we must expense certain costs, such as salaries and interest on debt, that would have otherwise been capitalized. We have procedures and controls in place that are intended to minimize this risk, but it is likely that we will incur predevelopment expense on abandoned projects on an ongoing basis.

•Project costs. Construction and leasing of a project involves a variety of costs that cannot always be identified at the beginning of a project. Costs may arise that have not been anticipated or actual costs may exceed estimated costs. These additional costs can be significant and could adversely impact our return on a project and the expected results of operations upon completion of the project. Also, construction costs vary over time based upon many factors, including the cost of labor, building materials, and compliance with applied regulations. We attempt to mitigate the risk of unanticipated increases in construction costs on our development projects through guaranteed maximum price contracts and pre-ordering of certain materials, but we may be adversely affected by increased construction costs on our current and future projects.

•Construction delays. Real estate development carries the risk that a project could be delayed due to a number of issues that may arise including, but not limited to, weather and other forces of nature, availability of materials, availability of skilled labor, the financial health of general contractors or sub-contractors, and the competing demands on plan-approving authorities. Construction delays could cause adverse financial impacts to us which could include incurring more interest and other carrying costs than originally budgeted, monetary penalties from tenants pursuant to their leases, and higher construction costs. Delays could also result in a violation of terms of construction loans that could increase fees, interest, or trigger additional recourse of a construction loan to us.

•Leasing risk. The success of a commercial real estate development project is heavily dependent upon entering into leases with acceptable terms within a predefined lease-up period. Although our policy is generally to achieve certain pre-leasing goals (which vary by market, product type, and circumstances) before committing to a project, it is expected that sometimes not all the space in a project will be leased at the time we commit to the project. If the additional space is not leased on schedule and upon the expected terms and conditions, our returns, future earnings, and results of operations from the project could be adversely impacted. Whether or not tenants are willing to enter into leases on the terms and conditions we project and on the timetable we expect will depend upon a number of factors, many of which are outside our control. These factors may include:

•general business conditions in the local or broader economy or in the prospective tenants’ industries;

•supply and demand conditions for space in the marketplace; and

•level of competition in the marketplace.

•Reputation risks. We have historically developed and managed a significant portion of our real estate portfolio and believe that we have built a positive reputation for quality and service with our lenders, joint venture partners, and tenants. If we developed under-performing properties, suffered sustained losses on our investments, defaulted on a significant level of loans, or experienced significant foreclosure or deed in lieu of foreclosure of our properties, our reputation could be damaged. Damage to our reputation could make it more difficult to successfully develop properties in the future and to continue to grow and expand our relationships with our lenders, joint venture partners, and tenants, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

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•Governmental approvals. All necessary zoning, land-use, building, occupancy, and other required governmental approvals, permits, and authorizations may not be obtained, may only be obtained subject to onerous conditions, or may not be obtained on a timely basis resulting in possible delays, decreased profitability, and increased management time and attention.

•Competition. We compete for tenants in our Sun Belt markets by highlighting our locations, rental rates, services, amenities, reputation, and the design and condition of our facilities including operational efficiencies and sustainability improvements. As the competition for tenants is intense, we may be required to provide rent abatements, increase our capital improvement expenditures, incur charges for tenant improvements and other concessions, and may not be able to lease vacant space in a timely manner.

•Risks associated with the development of mixed-use properties. We operate, are currently developing, and may in the future develop properties, either alone or through joint ventures, that are known as "mixed-use" developments. This means that in addition to the development of office space, the project may also include space for retail, residential, or other commercial purposes. We do not have as much experience in developing and managing non-office real estate as we do office real estate and, as a result, we may seek to develop the non-office component ourselves, sell the right to that component to a third-party developer, or we may partner with a third party who has more non-office real estate experience. If we do choose to develop other components ourselves, we would be exposed not only to those risks typically associated with the development of commercial real estate generally, but also to specific risks associated with the development and ownership of non-office real estate. In addition, even if we sell the rights to develop the other components or elect to participate in the development through a joint venture, we may be exposed to the risks associated with the failure of the other party to complete the development as expected. These include the risk that the other party would default on its obligations necessitating that we complete the other component ourselves, including potential financing of the project. If we decide not to sell or participate in a joint venture and instead hire a third party manager, we would be dependent on them and their key personnel to provide services to us, and we may not find a suitable replacement if the management agreement is terminated or if key personnel leave or otherwise become unavailable to us.

Federal Income Tax Risks

Any failure to continue to qualify as a REIT for federal income tax purposes could have a material adverse impact on us and our stockholders.

We intend to continue to operate in a manner intended to qualify us as a REIT for federal income tax purposes. Qualification as a REIT involves the application of highly technical and complex provisions of the Internal Revenue Code (the “Code”), for which there are only limited judicial or administrative interpretations. Certain facts and circumstances not entirely within our control may affect our ability to qualify as a REIT. In addition, we can provide no assurance that legislation, new regulations, administrative interpretations, or court decisions will not adversely affect our qualification as a REIT or the federal income tax consequences of our REIT status.

If we were to fail to qualify as a REIT, we would not be allowed a deduction for distributions to stockholders in computing our taxable income. In this case, we would be subject to federal income tax on our taxable income at regular corporate rates. Unless entitled to relief under certain Code provisions, we also would be disqualified from operating as a REIT for the four taxable years following the year during which qualification was lost. As a result, we would be subject to federal and state income taxes which could adversely affect our results of operations and distributions to stockholders. Although we currently intend to operate in a manner designed to qualify as a REIT, it is possible that future economic, market, legal, tax, or other considerations may cause us to revoke the REIT election.

In order to qualify as a REIT, under current law, we generally are required each taxable year to distribute to our stockholders at least 90% of our net taxable income (excluding any net capital gain). To the extent that we do not distribute all of our net capital gain or distribute at least 90%, but less than 100%, of our other taxable income, we are subject to tax on the undistributed amounts at regular corporate rates. In addition, we are subject to a 4% nondeductible excise tax to the extent that distributions paid by us during the calendar year are less than the sum of the following:

•85% of our ordinary income;

•95% of our net capital gain income for that year; and

•100% of our undistributed taxable income (including any net capital gains) from prior years.

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We intend to make distributions to our stockholders to comply with the 90% distribution requirement, to avoid corporate-level tax on undistributed taxable income, and to avoid the nondeductible excise tax. Distributions could be made in cash, in stock, or in a combination of cash and stock. Differences in timing between taxable income and cash available for distribution could require us to borrow funds to meet the 90% distribution requirement, to avoid corporate-level tax on undistributed taxable income, and to avoid the nondeductible excise tax.

Certain property transfers may be characterized as prohibited transactions.

From time to time, we may transfer or otherwise dispose of some of our properties. Under the Code, any gains resulting from transfers or dispositions, from other than a taxable REIT subsidiary, that are deemed to be prohibited transactions would be subject to a 100% tax on any gain associated with the transaction. Prohibited transactions generally include sales of assets that constitute inventory or other property held for sale to customers in the ordinary course of business. Since we acquire properties primarily for investment purposes, we do not believe that our occasional transfers or disposals of property are deemed to be prohibited transactions. However, whether or not a transfer or sale of property qualifies as a prohibited transaction depends on all the facts and circumstances surrounding the particular transaction. The Internal Revenue Service ("IRS") may contend that certain transfers or disposals of properties by us are prohibited transactions. While we believe that the IRS would not prevail in any such dispute, if the IRS were to argue successfully that a transfer or disposition of property constituted a prohibited transaction, we would be required to pay a tax equal to 100% of any gain allocable to us from the prohibited transaction. In addition, income from a prohibited transaction might adversely affect our ability to satisfy the income tests for qualification as a REIT for federal income tax purposes.

Recent changes to the U.S. tax laws could have an adverse impact on our business operations, financial condition, and earnings.

In recent years, numerous legislative, judicial, and administrative changes have been made in the provisions of federal and state income tax laws applicable to investments similar to an investment in our shares. In particular, the comprehensive tax reform legislation enacted in December 2017 and commonly known as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act ("TCJA") made many significant changes to the U.S. federal income tax laws that have profoundly impacted the taxation of individuals and corporations (including both regular C corporations and corporations that have elected to be taxed as REITs). A number of changes that affect noncorporate taxpayers will expire at the end of 2025 unless Congress acts to extend them. Among other changes, the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act, or CARES Act, signed into law on March 27, 2020, makes certain changes to the TCJA. These changes have impacted us and our stockholders in various ways, some of which are adverse or potentially adverse compared to prior law. Additional changes to tax laws were enacted with the Inflation Reduction Act ("IRA") of 2022, signed into law on August 16, 2022. Many of the material provisions of the IRA exempt REITs. To date, the IRS has issued only limited guidance with respect to certain of the new provisions, and there are numerous interpretive issues that will require further guidance. It is highly likely that technical corrections of legislation will be needed to clarify certain aspects of the new law and give proper effect to Congressional intent. There can be no assurance, however, that technical clarifications or changes needed to prevent unintended or unforeseen tax consequences will be enacted by Congress in the near future. Additional changes to tax laws are likely to continue to occur in the future, and we cannot assure investors that any such changes will not adversely affect the taxation of our stockholders. Any such changes could have an adverse effect on an investment in shares or on the market value or the resale potential of our properties. Investors are urged to consult with their own tax advisor with respect to the impact of recent legislation on ownership of shares and the status of legislative, regulatory, or administrative developments and proposals, and their potential effect on ownership of shares.

We may face risks in connection with Section 1031 Exchanges.

When possible, we dispose of and acquire properties in transactions that are intended to qualify as Section 1031 Exchanges. If a transaction's gain that is intended to qualify as a Section 1031 deferral is later determined to be taxable, we may face adverse consequences, and if the laws applicable to such transactions are amended or repealed, we may not be able to dispose of properties on a tax-deferred basis. In such case, our taxable income and earnings and profits would increase. This could increase the dividend income to our stockholders by reducing any return of capital they received. In some circumstances, we may be required to pay additional dividends or, in lieu of that, corporate income tax, possibly including interest and penalties. In addition, if a Section 1031 Exchange were later to be determined to be taxable, we may be required to amend our tax returns for the applicable year in question.

Further, as a result of changes made by the TCJA, Section 1031 Exchanges are only permitted with respect to real property. The changes generally apply to exchanges completed after December 31, 2017, unless the property was disposed of or received in the exchange on or before such date. If a material amount of personal property is associated with the real property that we have disposed of in a Section 1031 Exchange, these provisions will be less beneficial than under prior law.

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Disclosure Controls and Internal Control over Financial Reporting Risks

Our business could be adversely impacted if we have deficiencies in our disclosure controls and procedures or internal control over financial reporting.

The design and effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting may not prevent all errors, misstatements, or misrepresentations. While management will continue to review the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting, there can be no guarantee that our internal control over financial reporting will be effective in accomplishing all control objectives at all times. Deficiencies, including any material weakness, in our internal control over financial reporting which may occur in the future could result in misstatements of our results of operations, restatements of our financial statements, a decline in our stock price, or otherwise materially adversely affect our business, reputation, results of operations, financial condition, or liquidity.

General Risks

A pandemic, epidemic or outbreak of a contagious disease could adversely affect us.

Public health crises, pandemics, and epidemics have had, and could continue to have, a material adverse effect on global, national, and local economies, as well as on our business and our tenants’ businesses. The potential impact of a pandemic, epidemic, or outbreak of a contagious disease on our tenants and our properties is difficult to predict or assess. If an outbreak occurs within the workforce of our tenants or otherwise disrupts their management and other personnel, the business and operating results of our tenants could be negatively impacted.

We are dependent upon the services of certain key personnel, including members of the Board of Directors, the loss of any of whom could adversely impact our ability to execute our business.

One of our objectives is to develop and maintain a strong management group at all levels. At any given time, we could lose the services of key executives, members of the Board of Directors, and other employees. None of our Board members, key executives, or other employees are subject to employment contracts. Further, we do not carry key person insurance on any of our executive officers or other key employees. The loss of services of any of these key persons could have an adverse effect upon our results of operations, financial condition, and our ability to execute our business strategy.

We may change our policies without obtaining the approval of our stockholders.

Our operating and financial policies, including our policies with respect to acquisitions, development and dispositions of real estate, growth, target markets, operations, indebtedness, capitalization, and dividends are exclusively determined by the Company's Board of Directors. Accordingly, our stockholders do not control these policies. Any such changes may increase our costs or otherwise affect the profitability of our business or the value of our assets.

Employee misconduct or misconduct by members of the Board of Directors could adversely impact our ability to execute our business.

Our reputation is critical to maintaining and developing relationships with tenants, vendors, and investors and there is a risk that our employees or members of the Board of Directors could engage, deliberately or recklessly, in misconduct that creates legal exposure for us and adversely impacts our business. Employees or members of the Board becoming subject to allegations of illegal activity, sexual harassment, or racial and gender discrimination, regardless of the outcome, could result in adverse publicity that could harm our reputation and brand. The loss of reputation could impact our ability to develop and manage relationships with tenants, vendors, and investors and have an adverse impact on the price of our common stock.

Our restated and amended articles of incorporation contain limitations on ownership of our stock, which may prevent a change in control that might otherwise be in the best interest of our stockholders.

Our restated and amended articles of incorporation impose limitations on the ownership of our stock. In general, except for certain individuals who owned stock at the time of adoption of these limitations, and except for persons or organizations that are granted waivers by our Board of Directors, no individual or entity may own more than 3.9% of the value of our outstanding stock. We provide waivers to this limitation on a case by case basis, which could result in increased voting control by a stockholder. The ownership limitation may have the effect of delaying, inhibiting, or preventing a transaction or a change in control that might involve a premium price for our stock or otherwise be in the best interest of our stockholders.

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The market price of our common stock may fluctuate.

The market price of shares of our common stock have been, and may continue to be, subject to fluctuation due to many events and factors such as those described in this report including:

•actual or anticipated variations in our operating results, funds from operations, or liquidity;

•the general reputation of real estate as an attractive investment in comparison to other equity securities and/or the reputation of the product types of our assets compared to other sectors of the real estate industry;

•material changes in any significant tenant industry concentration;

•material changes in market concentrations;

•the general stock and bond market conditions, including changes in interest rates or fixed income securities;

•changes in tax laws;

•changes to our dividend policy;

•changes in market valuations of our properties;

•adverse market reaction to the amount of our outstanding debt at any time, the amount of our maturing debt, and our ability to refinance such debt on favorable terms;

•any failure to comply with existing debt covenants;

•any foreclosure or deed in lieu of foreclosure of our properties;

•additions or departures of directors, key executives, and other employees;

•actions by institutional stockholders;

•uncertainties in world financial markets;

•general market and economic conditions; in particular, market and economic conditions of Atlanta, Austin, Tampa, Phoenix, Charlotte, Dallas, and Nashville; and

•the realization of any of the other risk factors described in this report.

Many of the factors listed above are beyond our control. Those factors may cause the market price of shares of our common stock to decline, regardless of our financial performance, condition, and prospects. The market price of shares of our common stock may fall significantly in the future, and it may be difficult for our stockholders to resell our common stock at prices they find attractive.

If our future operating performance does not meet the projections of our analysts or investors, our stock price could decline.

Securities analysts publish quarterly and annual projections of our financial performance. These projections are developed independently based on their own analyses, and we undertake no obligation to monitor, and take no responsibility for, such projections. Such estimates are inherently subject to uncertainty and should not be relied upon as being indicative of the performance that we anticipate for any applicable period. Our actual revenues, net income, funds from operations, and funds available for distribution may differ materially from what is projected by securities analysts. If our actual results do not meet analysts’ guidance, our stock price could decline significantly.

We face risks associated with security breaches through cyber attacks or cyber intrusions, as well as other significant disruptions of our information technology (IT) networks and related systems.

We face risks associated with security breaches or disruptions, whether through cyber attacks or cyber intrusions over the internet, malware, computer viruses, attachments to emails, persons inside our organization, persons with access to systems inside our organization, and other significant disruptions of our IT networks and related systems. The risk of a security breach or disruption, particularly through cyber attacks or cyber intrusion, including by computer hackers, foreign governments, and cyber terrorists, has generally increased as the number, intensity, and sophistication of attempted attacks and intrusions from around the world have increased. Our IT networks and related systems are essential to the operation of our business and our ability to perform day-to-day operations (including managing our building systems) and, in some cases, may be critical to the operations of certain of our tenants. While, to date, we have not had a significant cyber breach or attack that had a material impact on our business or results of operations, there can be no assurance that our efforts to maintain the security and integrity of these types of IT networks and related systems will be effective or that attempted security breaches or disruptions will not be successful or damaging. A security breach or other significant disruption involving our IT networks and related systems could adversely impact our financial condition, results of operations, cash flows, liquidity, and the market price of our common stock and would require significant management attention and resources to remedy any resulting damages. A security breach or other significant disruption involving our IT networks and systems could result in our inability

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to maintain the building systems relied upon by our customers for their efficient use of their leased space, and the continuation of that circumstance could entitle the affected tenants to abate a portion of their rent. Further, one or more of our tenants could experience a cyber incident which could impact their operations and ability to perform under the terms of their lease with us. While we maintain insurance coverage that may, subject to policy terms and conditions including deductibles, cover specific aspects of cyber risks, such insurance coverage may be insufficient to cover all losses. As cyber threats continue to evolve, we may be required to expend additional resources to continue to enhance our information security measures and to investigate and remediate any information security vulnerabilities.

Public attention to environmental, social, and governance matters.

Recently, more attention is being directed towards publicly-traded companies regarding ESG matters. Our efforts to improve our ESG profile and practices, including reducing emissions and improving the efficiency of our building operations, may require capital expenditures and may result in short- or long-term increases in our operating costs, all of which could adversely impact our financial condition or results of operations. Our ability to achieve our ESG goals and objectives and to accurately and transparently report our progress presents numerous operational, financial, legal, and other risks and are partially dependent on the actions of our customers and vendors. A failure, or a perceived failure, to respond to investor, customer, employee, or other stakeholder expectations related to ESG concerns, or to comply with regulatory requirements, including a failure, or a perceived failure, to achieve any voluntarily adopted goals or initiatives, could negatively impact our reputation, ability to do business with certain partners, access to capital, stock price, and customer and employee attraction and retention. In addition, organizations that provide information to investors on corporate governance and other matters have developed rating systems for evaluating companies on their approach to ESG. Unfavorable ESG ratings may lead to negative investor sentiment, which could have a negative impact on our stock price. As the nature, scope, and complexity of ESG reporting, diligence, and disclosure requirements expand, we may have to undertake additional costs to control, assess, and report on ESG metrics. Any failure or perceived failure, whether or not valid, to pursue or fulfill our ESG goals, targets, and objectives or to satisfy various ESG reporting standards within the timelines we announce, or at all, could increase the risk of litigation.

Additionally, while we strive to create and maintain an inclusive culture and a diverse workforce where everyone is valued and respected, a failure, or a perceived failure, to properly address matters of culture, including inclusivity and diversity matters, could result in reputational harm or an inability to attract and retain customers or employees.

Item 1B.Unresolved Staff Comments

Not applicable.

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Item 2.Properties

The following table sets forth certain information related to operating properties in which we have an ownership interest. Except as noted, all information presented is as of December 31, 2022 ($ in thousands):

Operating Properties (1)

Company's Share

Table continued on next page

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Company's Share

Other Properties

College Street Garage - Charlotte (7) N/A Consolidated 100% N/A N/A 0.8% —

(1)Operating properties exclude properties on our development pipeline and properties sold prior to December 31, 2022.

(2)The weighted average economic occupancy of the property over the period for which the property was available for occupancy during the three months ended December 31, 2022.

(3)The Company's share of net operating income for the three months ended December 31, 2022. See Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations for the definition of net operating income and a reconciliation to Net Income.

(4)The Company's share of property-specific mortgage debt, net of unamortized loan costs, as of December 31, 2022.

(5)The Company's share of annualized rent represents the sum of the annualized cash rent including tenant's share of estimated operating expenses, if applicable, each tenant is paying as of the end of the reporting period. If a tenant is not paying rent due to a free rent concession, annualized rent is calculated based on the annualized contractual rent the tenant will pay in the first period it is required to pay rent. Included in this amount is $30.0 million of annualized base rent for tenants in a free rent period.

(6)Contains two or more buildings that are grouped together for reporting purposes.

(7)Not included in Same Property as of December 31, 2022. See Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations for the definition of Same Property.

(8)Contains two or more buildings that are grouped together for reporting purposes, some of which are not included in Same Property as of December 31, 2022, specifically Domain 10 and 10000 Avalon.

(9)While under redevelopment and until stabilization, Promenade Central was excluded from the Atlanta, Total Office, and Total Portfolio calculations of end of period leased and weighted average occupancy at and for the quarters ended December 31, 2022 and September 30, 2022. Promenade Central will be added back to the total calculations when weighted average occupancy stabilizes, which is the earlier of when it reaches 90% occupancy or in fourth quarter 2023 (one year after the redevelopment activity was substantially complete).

Office Lease Expirations (1)

As of December 31, 2022, our leases expire as follows:

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Top 20 Office Tenants

As of December 31, 2022, our top 20 office tenants were as follows:

(1) In some cases, the actual tenant may be an affiliate of the entity shown.

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Tenant Industry Diversification

As of December 31, 2022, our tenant industry diversification was as follows:

Industry (1) Percentage of Company's Share of Annualized Rent (2)

Technology 26.1 %

Financial 16.3 %

Professional Services 14.4 %

Legal 8.8 %

Energy 7.0 %

Consumer Goods & Services 6.3 %

Health Care 5.5 %

Real Estate 4.6 %

Other 3.7 %

Insurance 3.0 %

Construction/Design 2.2 %

Marketing/Media/Creative 2.1 %

Development Pipeline (1)

As of December 31, 2022, information on our projects under development was as follows ($ in thousands):

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Land Holdings

As of December 31, 2022, we owned the following land holdings, either directly or indirectly through joint ventures:

715 Ponce Atlanta 50% Unconsolidated 1.0

887 West Peachtree (1) Atlanta 100% Consolidated 1.6

The Avenue Forsyth-Adjacent Land Atlanta 100% Consolidated 10.4

Domain Point 3 Austin 90% Consolidated 1.7

Domain Central Austin 100% Consolidated 5.6

South End Station Charlotte 100% Consolidated 3.4

303 Tremont Charlotte 100% Consolidated 2.4

Legacy Union 2 & 3 Dallas 95% Consolidated 4.0

Corporate Center 5 & 6 (2) Tampa 100% Consolidated 14.1

(1) Includes a ground lease with future obligation to purchase.

(2) Corporate Center 5 is controlled through a long-term ground lease.

Item 3.Legal Proceedings

We are subject to various legal proceedings, claims, and administrative proceedings arising in the ordinary course of business, some of which are expected to be covered by liability insurance. Management makes assumptions and estimates concerning the likelihood and amount of any potential loss relating to these matters using the latest information available. We record a liability for litigation if an unfavorable outcome is probable and the amount of loss or range of loss can be reasonably estimated. If an unfavorable outcome is probable and a reasonable estimate of the loss is a range, we accrue the best estimate within the range. If no amount within the range is a better estimate than any other amount, we accrue the minimum amount within the range. If an unfavorable outcome is probable but the amount of the loss cannot be reasonably estimated, we disclose the nature of the litigation and indicate that an estimate of the loss or range of loss cannot be made. If an unfavorable outcome is reasonably possible and the estimated loss is material, we disclose the nature and estimate of the possible loss of the litigation. We do not disclose information with respect to litigation where an unfavorable outcome is considered to be remote or where the estimated loss would not be material. Based on current expectations, such matters, both individually and in the aggregate, are not expected to have a material adverse effect on our liquidity, results of operations, business, or financial condition.

Item 4.Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

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Item X.Information about our Executive Officers

The Executive Officers of the Registrant, as of the date hereof, are as follows:

Name Age Office Held

M. Colin Connolly 46 President, Chief Executive Officer and Director

Gregg D. Adzema 58 Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

Richard G. Hickson IV 48 Executive Vice President, Operations

John S. McColl 60 Executive Vice President, Development

Jeffrey D. Symes 57 Senior Vice President and Chief Accounting Officer

Family Relationships

There are no family relationships among the Executive Officers or Directors.

Term of Office

The term of office for all officers expires at the annual stockholders’ meeting. The Board retains the power to remove any officer at any time.

Business Experience

Mr. Connolly was appointed Chief Executive Officer and President by the Company's Board of Directors in January 2019. From July 2017 to December 2018, Mr. Connolly served as President and Chief Operating Officer. From July 2016 to July 2017, Mr. Connolly served as Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer. From December 2015 to July 2016, Mr. Connolly served as Executive Vice President and Chief Investment Officer. From May 2013 to December 2015, Mr. Connolly served as Senior Vice President and Chief Investment Officer.

Mr. Adzema was appointed Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer in November 2010.

Ms. Hicks was appointed Executive Vice President, Chief Investment Officer and Managing Director in December 2022. From October 2020 to December 2022, Ms. Hicks served as Executive Vice President of Investments. Ms. Hicks joined Cousins in November 2018 as Senior Vice President of Investments. Prior to Cousins, Ms. Hicks worked at Eastdil Secured, a real estate investment banking firm, where she served in a variety of roles from 2010 to 2018, including Managing Director.

Mr. Hickson was appointed Executive Vice President of Operations in October 2018. Mr. Hickson joined Cousins in September 2016 as Senior Vice President responsible for Asset Management.

Mr. McColl was appointed Executive Vice President in December 2011. From February 2010 to December 2011, Mr. McColl served as Executive Vice President-Development, Office Leasing and Asset Management. From May 1997 to February 2010, Mr. McColl served as Senior Vice President.

Ms. Roper was appointed Executive Vice President, General Counsel and Corporate Secretary in February 2017. From October 2012 to February 2017, Ms. Roper served as Senior Vice President, General Counsel and Corporate Secretary. From February 2008 to October 2012, Ms. Roper served as Senior Vice President, Associate General Counsel and Assistant Secretary.

Mr. Symes joined the Company in February 2020 and was appointed Senior Vice President and Chief Accounting Officer in March 2020. From April 2018 to January 2020, Mr. Symes served as Senior Vice President and Chief Accounting Officer of a private company and was employed by RLJ Lodging Trust, a public REIT, from September 2017 to March 2018.

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PART II

Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Stock and Related Stockholder Matters

Market Information and Holders

Our common stock trades on the New York Stock Exchange (ticker symbol CUZ). On February 3, 2023, there were 8,925 stockholders of record of our common stock.

Purchases of Equity Securities

There were no purchases of common stock by the Company during the fourth quarter of 2022.

Performance Graph

The following graph compares the five-year cumulative total return of our common stock with the NYSE Composite Index, the FTSE Nareit Equity Index, and the FTSE Nareit Equity Office Index. The graph assumes a $100 investment in each of the indices on December 31, 2017 and the reinvestment of all dividends.

COMPARISON OF CUMULATIVE TOTAL RETURN OF ONE OR MORE COMPANIES, PEER

GROUPS, INDUSTRY INDICES, AND/OR BROAD MARKETS

Fiscal Year Ended

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Item 7.Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with the selected financial data and the consolidated financial statements and notes.

Overview of 2022 Performance and Company and Industry Trends

Our strategy is to create value for our stockholders through ownership of the premier urban office portfolio in the Sun Belt markets, with a particular focus on Atlanta, Austin, Tampa, Phoenix, Charlotte, Dallas, and Nashville. This strategy is based on a disciplined approach to capital allocation that includes opportunistic acquisitions, selective development, and timely dispositions of non-core assets with a goal of maintaining a portfolio of newer and more efficient properties with lower capital expenditure requirements. This strategy is based on a simple, flexible, and low-leveraged balance sheet that allows us to pursue compelling growth opportunities at the most advantageous points in the cycle. To implement this strategy, we utilize our strong local operating platforms within each of our major markets.

During 2022, we completed several financing-related activities. In May 2022, we entered into the Fifth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (the "Credit Facility"). The Credit Facility recasts the prior facility by, among other things, extending the maturity date from January 3, 2023 to April 30, 2027. In September 2022, we entered into a floating-to-fixed interest rate swap with respect to the $350 million 2021 Term Loan that matures on August 30, 2024; this swap effectively fixed the underlying SOFR rate at 4.23% for the remaining term of the loan. In October 2022, we entered into the Delayed Draw Term Loan Agreement (the "2022 Term Loan") and borrowed the full $400 million available under the loan; the loan matures on March 3, 2025. In October 2022, we paid off, in full, our Legacy Union and Promenade Tower mortgages. In December 2022, we refinanced the mortgages on our two Terminus properties in Atlanta with the existing lender. Under the new non-cross-collateralized mortgages, the maturities were extended from January 2023 to January 2031, the combined principal increased to $221.0 million, and the interest rate is now 6.34%.

We were able to complete the above financing transactions in a challenging debt market. As the Federal Reserve has continued to work towards managing inflation, in part by raising short-term interest rates, we have been subject to increasing costs for a portion of our borrowed capital. This is mitigated by our strategy of maintaining a relatively low-levered balance sheet; however, the impact of potential higher inflation and interest rates, if any, is uncertain.

In April 2022, we purchased our partner's 10% joint venture interest in HICO Avalon, LLC and HICO Avalon II, LLC, which own the 8000 and 10000 Avalon office properties. In June 2022, one of our unconsolidated joint ventures sold a 3.0 acre land parcel in Uptown Dallas. Our share of the gain from this transaction was $4.5 million. In September 2022, we sold our 50% owned joint venture interest in Carolina Square Holdings LP ("Carolina Square"), which owns a mixed-use property in Chapel Hill, North Carolina, to our partner for a gross sales price of $105.0 million. We recognized a gain of $56.3 million on this sale.

In 2022, we leased or renewed 2.0 million square feet of office space. The weighted average net effective rent per square foot, representing base rent excluding operating expense reimbursements and leasing costs, for new or renewed non-amenity leases with terms greater than one year, was $23.39 per square foot. Cash-basis net effective rent per square foot increased 9.5% on spaces that had been previously occupied in the past year. Cash-basis net effective rent represents net rent at the end of the term paid by the prior tenant compared to the net rent at the beginning of the term paid by the current tenant. Our same property net operating income for the year was unchanged on a straight-line basis and increased 1.0% on a cash-basis.

On a regular basis we review and, as appropriate, revise our corporate contingency plan, which addresses the steps necessary to respond to an unexpected interruption of business, including the unavailability of our corporate office space. In March 2020, our tenants widely adopted remote working for their office employees in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The rental obligations under our leases were not materially affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Beginning in 2021 and increasingly in 2022, most of our tenants began to bring employees back to the office at least a few days a week, decreasing the time their teams were working remotely and increasing the physical occupancy at our properties. Although the impact to our business of the COVID-19 pandemic was not severe, the long-term impact of the pandemic on our tenants, or prospective tenants, and the worldwide economy is still unfolding and remains uncertain.

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Market Conditions

Even amidst economic headwinds, we believe the Sun Belt region, and in particular the seven Sun Belt markets in which we own properties, will continue to outperform the broader office sector as we continue to see a clear bifurcation between Sun Belt and Gateway market fundamentals. In addition, as the flight to quality trend continues among office users, we believe our trophy portfolio is well positioned to benefit from, and ultimately outperform in, the current real estate environment.

Our Atlanta portfolio totals 8.2 million square feet, representing 36.4% of our Net Operating Income for the fourth quarter of 2022, and the office portion was 86.5% leased at December 31, 2022. Market-wide Class A leasing activity in Atlanta represented 57.6% of total leasing activity in 2022 while representing only 41.6% of total inventory. Atlanta recorded its highest annual absorption numbers since 2015 with over 1.0 million square feet of positive absorption in 2022. However, elevated sublease availability coupled with tenant uncertainty due to the challenging economic environment may create headwinds heading into 2023. We believe our portfolio of operating assets and land holdings for future development, which are well located primarily in the Midtown, Buckhead, and Central Perimeter submarkets, with direct access to mass transit, will continue to be well positioned as we see the flight to quality and flight to location trends continue.

Our Austin portfolio totals 4.6 million square feet, representing 31.1% of our Net Operating Income for the fourth quarter of 2022 and was 94.7% leased at December 31, 2022. In addition, we have one 97% pre-leased project under development in Austin, Domain 9, which is a 338,000 square foot office building, located in the Domain submarket. Market-wide Class A leasing activity in Austin represented 52.9% of total leasing activity in 2022 while representing only 42.9% of total inventory. Total 2022 absorption was relatively flat year-over-year. The Austin market continues to outperform relative to other major markets and has traditionally shown resiliency in uncertain economic conditions. With our portfolio primarily located in the central business district and Domain submarkets, we believe our significant presence in Austin, combined with continued strong demand for Class A office space, will be favorable for our portfolio.

Our Tampa portfolio totals 2.0 million square feet, representing 9.7% of our Net Operating Income for the fourth quarter of 2022 and was 95.2% leased at December 31, 2022. Market-wide Class A leasing activity in Tampa represented 46.4% of total leasing activity in 2022 while representing only 27.0% of total inventory. Non-core, suburban office submarkets in Tampa were negatively impacted by flight to quality and sublease availability in 2022, but our portfolio, mainly located in the Westshore submarket, continues to benefit from positive net absorption and tenant demand.

Our Phoenix portfolio totals 1.6 million square feet, representing 8.9% of our Net Operating Income for the fourth quarter of 2022 and was 89.8% leased at December 31, 2022. Market-wide Class A leasing activity in Phoenix represented 38.2% of total leasing activity in 2022 while representing a proportionate 33.8% of total inventory. During 2022 there was continued growth in sublease space in Phoenix and disproportionately more absorption in new supply compared to older product. As Phoenix continues to be a leader in population and job growth across the nation, emphasis on high quality space should further drive the divide between new trophy office product and older vintage assets. Our newly developed 100 Mill project, coupled with repositioning efforts underway at Hayden Ferry and Tempe Gateway, position our portfolio well to meet these trends.

Our Charlotte portfolio totals 1.4 million square feet, representing 8.8% of our Net Operating Income for the fourth quarter of 2022 and was 94.8% leased at December 31, 2022. Class A leasing activity in Charlotte represented 56.6% of total leasing activity in 2022 while representing only 42.1% of total inventory. Office vacancy spiked in 2022 with the consolidation of space from financial institutions alongside the delivery of Duke Energy Plaza. Charlotte market employment hit an all-time high in 2022, a trend we expect to continue if Charlotte continues to be a target for large corporate relocations. Our operating portfolio, located in the Uptown and South End submarkets, remains well leased and should continue to benefit from healthy economic fundamentals going forward.

Our Dallas portfolio totals 516,000 square feet, representing 2.3% of our Net Operating Income for the fourth quarter of 2022 and was 89.8% leased at December 31, 2022. Market-wide Class A leasing activity in Dallas represented 57.7% of total leasing activity in 2022 while representing only 45.1% of total inventory.

Our Nashville portfolio includes a mixed-used development comprised of 448,000 square feet of commercial space and 542 residential units located in the Germantown submarket. The commercial component of the development is expected to deliver in 2023 and leasing discussions with both potential office and retail tenants are underway. Market-wide Class A leasing activity in Nashville represented 47.6% of total leasing activity in 2022 while representing only 33.6% of total inventory.

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Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Our financial statements are prepared in accordance with GAAP as outlined in the Financial Accounting Standards Board’s ("FASB") Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC"), and the notes to consolidated financial statements include a summary of the significant accounting policies for the Company. The preparation of financial statements in accordance with GAAP requires the use of certain estimates, a change in which could materially affect revenues, expenses, assets, or liabilities. Some of our accounting policies are considered to be critical accounting policies, which are ones that are both important to the portrayal of our financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows, and ones that also require significant judgment or complex estimation processes. Our critical accounting policies are as follows:

Revenue Recognition

Most of our revenues are derived from operating leases and are reflected as rental property revenues on the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. Several judgments and estimates are included in the rental property revenue recognition process including the determination of lease term, ownership of tenant improvements, lease modifications, and lease terminations.

Revenues derived from fixed lease payments, which exclude certain rental property revenue such as percentage rent and revenue related to the recovery of certain operating expenses from our tenants, are recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. We make significant assumptions and judgments in determining the lease term, including the judgments involved as to when a tenant has the right to use an underlying asset and assumptions when the lease provides the tenant with an extension or early termination option.

Most of our leases involve some form of improvements to leased space. We make significant judgments in reviewing various factors to assist in determining whether we or our tenants own the improvements. Those factors include, but are not limited to, whether or not the:

•Lease agreement’s terms obligate the tenant to construct or install specifically-identified assets (i.e., the leasehold improvements);

•Tenant’s failure to make specified improvements is an event of default under which the landlord can require the lessee to make those improvements or otherwise enforce the landlord’s rights to those assets (or a monetary equivalent);

•Landlord must approve the plans prior to construction;

•Tenant is permitted to alter or remove the leasehold improvements without the landlord’s consent or without compensating the landlord for any lost utility or diminution in fair value;

•Tenant is required to provide the landlord with evidence supporting the cost of tenant improvements before the landlord pays the tenant for the tenant improvements;

•Landlord is obligated to fund cost overruns for the construction of leasehold improvements;

•Leasehold improvements are unique to the tenant or could reasonably be used by the lessor to lease to other parties; and

•Economic life of the leasehold improvements is such that a significant residual value of the assets is expected to accrue to the benefit of the landlord at the end of the lease term.

If we determine the improvements are our assets, we capitalize the cost of the improvements and recognize depreciation expense associated with such improvements over the shorter of the estimated useful life or the term of the lease. Any portion of our asset funded by a tenant is recorded as deferred revenue to be recognized in rental over the term of the lease on a straight-line basis. If the improvements are tenant assets, we defer the cost of improvements funded by us as a lease incentive asset and amortize it as a reduction of rental revenue over the term of the lease. Our determination of whether improvements are our assets or tenants' assets also affects when we commence revenue recognition in connection with a lease.

We periodically enter into amendments to our leases. When a lease is amended, we need to determine whether (i) an additional right of use not included in the original lease is being granted as a result of the modification and (ii) there is an increase in the lease payments that is commensurate with the standalone price for the additional right of use. If both of those conditions are met, the amendment is accounted for as a separate contract. If both of those conditions are not met, the amendment is accounted for as a lease modification. Most of our lease amendments result in a lease modification of our operating leases which will likely require us to reassess both the lease term and fixed lease payments, including considering any prepaid or accrued lease rentals relating to the original lease as a part of the lease payments for the modified lease.

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Tenants sometimes negotiate to terminate their lease prior to the end of the lease term. Such negotiations generally require payment of a termination fee that reimburses us for a portion of the remaining rent under the original lease term and the undepreciated lease inception costs such as commissions, tenant improvements and lease incentives. Termination fee income, included in rental property revenue, is recognized on a straight-line basis from the date of the executed termination agreement through lease expiration when the amount of the fee is determinable and collectability of the fee is reasonably assured. This fee income is reduced on a straight-line basis by any accrued straight-line rent receivable and any above- or below-market lease intangible assets or liabilities related to the lease projected at the date of tenant vacancy.

Real Estate Carrying Value

The carrying values of our real estate assets are subject to several processes that involve a significant use of judgments and estimates. Those processes primarily include (i) purchase price allocations for acquired assets, (ii) depreciation and amortization, and (iii) impairment. The judgments and estimates used in each of these processes have a material impact on our financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows.

Purchase Price Allocations for Acquired Assets

We evaluate all real estate acquisitions to determine if the transactions qualify as an acquisition of assets or of a business including cases in which we acquire a pool of properties of varying property types in different markets. For purposes of this review, we separate the assets acquired based on their unique and different risk characteristics, which may be by property type, geographic concentration, or other factors. If we determine that substantially all of the fair value is concentrated in a single identifiable asset or group of similar assets, generally 90% of total fair value of assets acquired, we account for the acquisition as an acquisition of assets. If we determine that there is no single or group of assets that make up substantially all of the fair value of assets acquired, we then evaluate whether the acquired set of assets includes an input and substantial process which create an output. If we determine that an input and substantial process creating an output are present, we account for the acquisition as an acquisition of a business. We use considerable judgment in determining whether the acquisition of a pool of assets is an acquisition of assets or of a business. Because acquisition costs are expensed for an acquisition of a business and capitalized for an acquisition of assets, results of operations could be materially different based on our determinations.

For acquisitions that are accounted for as an acquisition of an asset, we record the acquired tangible and intangible assets and assumed liabilities based on each asset and liability's relative fair value at the acquisition date to the total purchase price plus capitalized acquisition costs. For acquisitions that are accounted for as an acquisition of a business, we record the acquired tangible and intangible assets and assumed liabilities at fair value at the acquisition date. Fair value is based on estimated cash flow projections that utilize available market information and discount and/or capitalization rates as appropriate. Estimates of future cash flows are based on a number of factors including historical operating results, known and anticipated trends, and market and economic conditions. The acquired assets and assumed liabilities for an acquired operating property generally include, but are not limited to: land, buildings, and identified tangible and intangible assets and liabilities associated with in-place leases, including tenant improvements, leasing costs, value of above-market and below-market leases, and value of acquired in-place leases.

The fair value of the above-market or below-market component of an acquired lease is based upon the present value (calculated using a market discount rate) of the difference between the contractual rents to be paid pursuant to the lease over its remaining term and management’s estimate of the rents that would be paid using fair market rental rates and rent escalations at the date of acquisition over the remaining term of the lease. An identifiable intangible asset or liability is recorded if there is an above-market or below-market lease at an acquired property. The amounts recorded for above-market leases are included in other assets on the balance sheets, and the amounts for below-market leases are included in other liabilities on the balance sheets. These amounts are amortized on a straight-line basis as an adjustment to rental income over the remaining term of the applicable leases.

The fair value of acquired in-place leases is derived based on our assessment of lost revenue and costs incurred for the period required to lease the “assumed vacant” property to the occupancy level when purchased. This fair value is based on a variety of considerations including, but not necessarily limited to: (i) the value associated with avoiding the cost of originating the acquired in-place leases; (ii) the value associated with lost revenue related to tenant reimbursable operating costs estimated to be incurred during the assumed lease-up period; and (iii) the value associated with lost rental revenue from existing leases during the assumed lease-up period. Factors considered in performing these analyses include an estimate of the carrying costs during the expected lease-up periods, such as real estate taxes, insurance, and other operating expenses, current market conditions, and costs to execute similar leases, such as leasing commissions, legal, and other related expenses. The amounts recorded for in-place leases are included in intangible assets on the balance sheets. These amounts are amortized as an increase to depreciation and amortization expense over the remaining term of the applicable leases.

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Depreciation and Amortization

We depreciate or amortize operating real estate assets over their estimated useful lives using the straight-line method of depreciation. We use judgment when estimating the useful life of real estate assets and when allocating certain indirect project costs to projects under development, which are amortized over the useful life of the property once it becomes operational. Historical data, comparable properties, and replacement costs are some of the factors considered in determining useful lives and cost allocations.

Impairment

We review our real estate assets on an asset group basis for impairment. We identify an asset group based on the lowest level of identifiable cash flows and take into consideration such things as shared expenses and amenities. This review includes our operating properties, properties under development, and land holdings.

The first step in this process is for us to determine whether an asset is considered to be held and used or held for sale. In order to be considered a real estate asset held for sale, we must, among other things, have the authority to commit to a plan to sell the asset in its current condition, have commenced the plan to sell the asset, and have determined that it is probable that the asset will sell within one year. If we determine that an asset is held for sale, we record an impairment if the fair value less costs to sell is less than the carrying amount. All real estate assets not meeting the held for sale criteria are considered to be held and used.

In the impairment analysis for assets held and used, we must determine whether there are indicators of impairment. For operating properties, these indicators could include a reduction in our estimated hold period, a significant decline in a property’s leasing percentage, a current period operating loss or negative cash flows combined with a history of losses at the property, a significant decline in lease rates for that property or others in the property’s market, a significant change in the market value of the property, or an adverse change in the financial condition of significant tenants. For land holdings, indicators could include an overall decline in the market value of land in the region, a decline in development activity for the intended use of the land, or other adverse economic and market conditions. For projects under development, indicators could include material budget overruns without a corresponding funding source, significant delays in construction, occupancy, or stabilization schedule, regulatory changes or economic trends that have a significant impact on the market, or an adverse change in the financial condition of a significant future tenant.

If we determine that an asset that is held and used has indicators of impairment, we must determine whether the undiscounted cash flows associated with the asset exceed the carrying amount of the asset. If the undiscounted cash flows are less than the carrying amount of the asset, we reduce the carrying amount of the asset to fair value.

In calculating the undiscounted net cash flows of an asset, we must estimate a number of inputs. We must estimate future rental rates, future capital expenditures, future operating expenses, and market capitalization rates for residual values, among other things. In addition, if there are alternative strategies for the future use of the asset, we assess the probability of each alternative strategy and perform a probability-weighted undiscounted cash flow analysis to assess the recoverability of the asset. We use considerable judgment in determining the alternative strategies and in assessing the probability of each strategy selected.

In determining the fair value of an asset, we exercise judgment on a number of factors. We may determine fair value by using a discounted cash flow calculation or by utilizing comparable market information. We must determine an appropriate discount rate to apply to the cash flows in the discounted cash flow calculation. We use judgment in analyzing comparable market information because no two real estate assets are identical in location and price. The estimates and judgments used in the impairment process are highly subjective and susceptible to frequent change.

In addition to our real estate assets, we review each of our investments in unconsolidated joint ventures for impairment. As part of this analysis, we first determine whether there are any indicators of impairment at any property held in a joint venture investment. If indicators of impairment are present for any of our investments in joint ventures, we calculate the fair value of the investment. If the fair value of the investment is less than the carrying value of the investment, we determine whether the impairment is temporary or other than temporary. If we assess the impairment to be temporary, we do not record an impairment charge. If we conclude that the impairment is other than temporary, we record an impairment charge. We use considerable judgment in the determination of whether there are indicators of impairment present and in the assumptions, estimations, and inputs used in calculating the fair value of the investment.

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Development Cost Capitalization

We are involved in all stages of real estate ownership, including development. Prior to the point at which a project becomes probable of being developed (defined as more likely than not), we expense predevelopment costs. After we determine a project is probable, all subsequently-incurred predevelopment costs, as well as interest and real estate taxes on qualifying assets and certain internal personnel and associated costs directly related to the project under development, are capitalized in accordance with accounting rules. If we abandon development of a project that had earlier been deemed probable, we charge all previously capitalized costs to expense. If this occurs, our predevelopment expenses could rise significantly. The determination of whether a project is probable requires judgment. If we determine that a project is probable, interest, general and administrative, and other expenses could be materially different than if we determine the project is not probable.

During the predevelopment period of a probable project and the period in which a project is under construction, we capitalize all direct and indirect costs associated with planning, developing, and constructing the project. Determination of what costs constitute direct and indirect project costs requires us, in some cases, to exercise judgment. If we determine certain costs to be direct or indirect project costs, amounts recorded in projects under development on the balance sheet and amounts recorded in general and administrative and other expenses on the statements of operations could be materially different than if we determine these costs are not directly or indirectly associated with the project.

Once a certain project is constructed and deemed substantially complete and ready for occupancy, carrying costs, such as real estate taxes, interest, internal personnel costs, and associated costs, are expensed as incurred. Determination of when construction of a project is substantially complete and held available for occupancy requires judgment. We consider projects and/or project phases to be both substantially complete and held for occupancy at the earlier of the date on which the project or phase reaches economic occupancy of 90% or one year from cessation of major construction activity on the core building development. Our judgment of the date the project is substantially complete has a direct impact on our operating expenses and net income for the period.

Results of Operations For The Year Ended December 31, 2022

General

Net income available to common stockholders for the years ended 2022 and 2021 was $166.8 million and $278.6 million, respectively. We detail below material changes in the components of net income available to common stockholders for the year ended 2022 compared to 2021.

See "Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Results of Operations" from our 2021 Annual Report on Form 10-K for a comparison of 2021 to 2020 financial results.

Rental Property Revenues and Rental Property Operating Expenses

The following results include the performance of our Same Property portfolios. Our Same Property portfolios include office properties that were stabilized and owned by us for the entirety of each comparable reporting period presented. A stabilized property is one that has achieved 90% economic occupancy or has been owned by us for one year and has reached one year from the cessation of any major construction activity on the core building development or redevelopment. Same Property amounts for the 2022 versus 2021 comparison are from properties that were stabilized and owned as of January 1, 2021 through December 31, 2022.

We use Net Operating Income ("NOI"), a non-GAAP financial measure, to measure the operating performance of our properties. NOI is widely used by industry analysts and investors to evaluate performance. NOI, which is rental property revenues (excluding termination fees) less rental property operating expenses, excludes certain components from net income in order to provide results that are more closely related to a property's results of operations. Certain items, such as interest expense, while included in net income, do not affect the operating performance of a real estate asset and are often incurred at the corporate level as opposed to the property level. As a result, we use only those income and expense items that are incurred at the property level to evaluate a property's performance. Depreciation, amortization, and impairment are also excluded from NOI. Same Property NOI allows management, investors, and analysts to analyze continuing operations and evaluate the growth trend of our portfolio.

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Rental property revenues, rental property operating expenses, and NOI changed between the 2022 and 2021 periods as follows ($ in thousands):

Year Ended December 31,

Rental Property Revenues

Rental Property Operating Expenses

Net Operating Income

Same Property Revenues increased $2.4 million, or 0.4%, between 2022 and 2021 primarily due to increased occupancy at our Terminus, Buckhead Plaza, and Domain office properties and a related increase in revenues recognized from tenant funded tenant improvements. Our tenants are increasingly funding capital improvements at our buildings in excess of their tenant improvement allowances as they look to highly amenitized and creative office spaces to attract employees back into the office. These Same Property revenue increases are partially offset by a decrease in economic occupancy at our Promenade Tower and 3350 Peachtree office properties while under partial redevelopment.

Same Property Operating Expenses increased $2.6 million, or 1.1%, between 2022 and 2021 primarily due to an increase in physical occupancy at our properties, partially offset by a decrease in real estate taxes as well as expenses at our 3350 Peachtree office property under partial redevelopment.

Non-Same Property Revenues increased $14.7 million, or 17.2%, between 2022 and 2021 primarily due to the 2021 acquisitions of 725 Ponce and Heights Union and the consolidation of 300 Colorado upon purchase of our partners' interests in the venture in the fourth quarter of 2021, which were partially offset by the 2022 commencement of a full building redevelopment project at Promenade Central and the 2021 sales of Burnett Plaza, 816 Congress, and One South at the Plaza.

Non-Same Property Operating Expenses decreased $3.6 million, or 12.0% between 2022 and 2021 primarily due to the 2021 sales of Burnett Plaza, 816 Congress, and One South at the Plaza, partially offset by the 2021 acquisitions of 725 Ponce and Heights Union and the consolidation of 300 Colorado upon purchase of our partners' interests in the venture in the fourth quarter of 2021. The decrease in Non-Same Property Operating Expenses is also due to refunds of real estate taxes for two previously sold properties.

Termination Fee Income decreased $2.6 million, or 51.7%, between 2022 and 2021 primarily due to the termination of a large tenant in December of 2021.

Fee Income

Fee income decreased $9.4 million, or 60.7%, between 2022 and 2021 primarily due to declining development activities as we reached the completion of the Norfolk Southern transactions during the third quarter of 2022. The Norfolk Southern transactions are described in further detail in note 3 to the consolidated financial statements in this Form 10-K.

General and Administrative Expenses

General and administrative expenses decreased $1.0 million, or 3.4%, between 2022 and 2021 primarily due to changes in stock compensation expense tied to reductions in our stock price for awards accounted for using updated fair market values.

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Interest Expense

Interest expense, net of amounts capitalized, increased $5.5 million, or 8.2%, between 2022 and 2021 primarily due to increases in interest rates on our variable rate debt, the issuance of a $400 million term loan, and an increase in the average outstanding balance on our line of credit, partially offset by an increase in capitalized interest expense as a result of development and redevelopment activities.

Depreciation and Amortization

Depreciation and amortization changed between the 2022 and 2021 periods as follows ($ in thousands):

Year Ended December 31,

Depreciation and Amortization

Same Property depreciation and amortization decreased between 2022 and 2021 primarily due to a decrease related to the intangible in-place lease assets recognized upon the acquisition of properties as more of those assets became fully amortized. This is partially offset by an increase in the depreciation of tenant improvements that are owned by us and were placed into service in 2022.

Non-Same Property depreciation and amortization increased between 2022 and 2021 primarily due to the 2021 acquisitions of 725 Ponce and Heights Union, and the consolidation of 300 Colorado upon purchase of our partners' interests in the venture of the fourth quarter of 2021, partially offset by the 2021 sales of 816 Congress and One South at the Plaza and suspending depreciation in 2022 for a full building redevelopment project at our Promenade Central property.

Income and Net Operating Income from Unconsolidated Joint Ventures

Income from unconsolidated joint ventures consisted of the following in 2022 and 2021 ($ in thousands):

Year Ended December 31,

Net loss (gain) on sale of investment property (81) 39 (120) 307.7 %

Gain on sale of undepreciated property (4,478) — (4,478) N/A

Net operating income:

Income from unconsolidated joint ventures increased between 2022 and 2021 primarily due to a gain from the sale of a 3.0 acre land parcel in Uptown Dallas in June 2022, partially offset by the sale of our interest in the Carolina Square venture in 2022 and Dimensional Fund Advisors venture in 2021.

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Funds from Operations

The table below shows Funds from Operations Available to Common Stockholders (“FFO”), a non-GAAP financial measure, and the related reconciliation from net income available to common stockholders for the Company. The Company calculates FFO in accordance with Nareit's definition, which is net income available to common stockholders (computed in accordance with GAAP), excluding extraordinary items, cumulative effect of change in accounting principle and gains on sale or impairment on depreciable property, plus depreciation and amortization of real estate assets, and after adjustments for unconsolidated partnerships and joint ventures to reflect FFO on the same basis.

FFO is used by industry analysts and investors as a supplemental measure of a REIT’s operating performance. Historical cost accounting for real estate assets implicitly assumes that the value of real estate assets diminishes predictably over time. Since real estate values instead have historically risen or fallen with market conditions, many industry investors and analysts have considered presentation of operating results for real estate companies that use historical cost accounting to be insufficient by themselves. Thus, Nareit created FFO as a supplemental measure of REIT operating performance that excludes historical cost depreciation, among other items, from GAAP net income. The use of FFO, combined with the required primary GAAP presentations, has been fundamentally beneficial, improving the understanding of operating results of REITs among the investing public and making comparisons of REIT operating results more meaningful. Our management evaluates operating performance in part based on FFO. Additionally, our management uses FFO, along with other measures, to assess performance in connection with evaluating and granting incentive compensation to our officers and other key employees. The reconciliations of net income available to common stockholders to FFO and earnings per share to FFO per share are as follows for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 ($ in thousands, except per share information):

Year Ended December 31,

Noncontrolling interest related to unitholders 143 25 — 56 25 —

Conversion of stock options — — — — 1 —

Conversion of unvested restricted stock units — 281 — — 199 —

Depreciation and amortization of real estate assets:

Partners' share of real estate depreciation (794) — (0.01) (929) — (0.01)

Loss (gain) on sale of depreciated properties:

Share of unconsolidated joint ventures (81) — — 39 — —

Net Operating Income

Company management evaluates the performance of its property portfolio in part based on NOI. NOI represents rental property revenues (excluding termination fees) less rental property operating expenses. NOI is not a measure of cash flows or operating results as measured by GAAP, is not indicative of cash available to fund cash needs, and should not be considered an alternative to cash flows as a measure of liquidity. All companies may not calculate NOI in the same manner. The Company considers NOI to be an appropriate supplemental measure to net income as it helps both management and investors understand the core operations of the Company's operating assets. NOI excludes corporate general and administrative expenses, interest expense, depreciation and amortization, impairments, gains/loss on sales of real estate, and other non-operating items.

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The following table reconciles net income to NOI for consolidated properties for each period ($ in thousands):

Year Ended December 31,

Income from unconsolidated joint ventures (7,700) (6,801)

Gain on sale of investment in unconsolidated joint ventures (56,267) (13,083)

Loss (gain) on investment property transactions 9 (152,547)

Gain on extinguishment of debt (169) —

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Our primary short-term and long-term liquidity needs include the following:

•property operating expenses;

•property and land acquisitions;

•expenditures on development projects;

•building improvements, tenant improvements, and leasing costs;

•principal and interest payments on indebtedness;

•general and administrative costs; and

•common stock dividends and distributions to outside unitholders of CPLP.

We may satisfy these needs with one or more of the following:

•cash and cash equivalents on hand;

•net cash from operations;

•proceeds from the sale of assets;

•borrowings under our Credit Facility;

•proceeds from mortgage notes payable;

•proceeds from construction loans;

•proceeds from unsecured loans;

•proceeds from offerings of equity securities; and

•joint venture formations.

Our material cash needs for 2023 include $181.1 million of unfunded tenant improvements and construction costs. This and other 2023 cash needs are expected to be met by a combination of some or all of the sources noted above.

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Financial Condition

A key component of our strategy is to maintain a conservative balance sheet with leverage and liquidity that enables us to be positioned for future growth. In recent quarters, our leverage metrics which include net debt to EBITDAre, net debt to undepreciated assets, and net debt to total market capitalization, have consistently been among the strongest within our sector of public office REITs. As of December 31, 2022, we had $56.6 million outstanding under our Credit Facility with the ability to borrow an additional $943.4 million. We also had $5.1 million in cash and cash equivalents and no restricted cash on hand at December 31, 2022.

The following table sets forth information as of December 31, 2022 with respect to our outstanding contractual obligations and commitments ($ in thousands):

Total Less than 1 Year 1-3 Years 3-5 Years More than 5 Years

Contractual Obligations:

Company debt:

Unsecured credit facility $ 56,600 $ — $ — $ 56,600 $ —

Commitments:

(1)Interest on variable rate obligations is based on balances and effective rates as of December 31, 2022.

Credit Facility

Our $1 billion Credit Facility matures on April 30, 2027. The Credit Facility contains financial covenants that require, among other things, the maintenance of an unencumbered interest coverage ratio of at least 1.75x; a fixed charge coverage ratio of at least 1.50x; a secured leverage ratio of no more than 40%; and an overall leverage ratio of no more than 60%. The Credit Facility also contains customary representations and warranties and affirmative and negative covenants, as well as customary events of default. The amounts outstanding under the Credit Facility may be accelerated upon the occurrence of any events of default. We are in compliance with all covenants of the Credit Facility.

The interest rate applicable to the Credit Facility varies according to our leverage ratio, and may, at our election, be determined based on either (i) the Daily Secured Overnight Financing Rate ("SOFR") or Term SOFR, plus a SOFR adjustment of 0.10% ("Adjusted SOFR") and a spread of between 0.90% and 1.40%, or (ii) the greater of Bank of America's prime rate, the federal funds rate plus 0.50%, Term SOFR, plus a SOFR adjustment of 0.10% and 1.00%, or 1.00%, plus a spread of between 0.00% and 0.40%, based on leverage. In addition to the interest rate, the Credit Facility is also subject to a facility fee of 0.15% to 0.30%, depending on leverage, on the entire $1 billion capacity.

At December 31, 2022, the Credit Facility's spread over Adjusted SOFR was 0.90%, and the facility fee spread was 0.15%. The amount that we may draw under the Credit Facility is a defined calculation based on our unencumbered assets and other factors. The total available borrowing capacity under the Credit Facility was $943.4 million at December 31, 2022.

Term Loans

On October 3, 2022, we entered into the Delayed Draw Term Loan Agreement (the "2022 Term Loan") and borrowed the full $400 million available under the loan. The loan matures on March 3, 2025 with four consecutive extension options for six months each. The interest rate provisions are the same as the 2021 Term Loan, and the covenants are the same as the Credit Facility.

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On June 28, 2021, we entered into the Amended and Restated Term Loan Agreement (the "Term Loan") that amended the former term loan agreement. Under the Term Loan, we have borrowed $350 million that matures on August 30, 2024 with four consecutive extension options for 180 days each. On September 19, 2022, we entered into the First Amendment to the 2021 Term Loan. This amendment aligns covenants and available interest rates, including the addition of SOFR, to that of the Credit Facility. Under the terms of this First Amendment, the interest rate applicable to the 2021 Term Loan varies according to our leverage ratio and may, at our election, be determined based on either (1) the Daily SOFR or Term SOFR, plus a SOFR adjustment of 0.10% ("Adjusted SOFR") and a spread of between 1.05% and 1.65%, or (2) the greater of Bank of America's prime rate, the federal funds rate plus 0.50%, Term SOFR, plus a SOFR adjustment of 0.10% and 1.00%, or 1.00%, plus a spread of between 0.05% and 0.65%, based on leverage.

On September 27, 2022, we entered into a floating-to-fixed interest rate swap with respect to the $350 million 2021 Term Loan through the maturity date of August 30, 2024. This swap effectively fixed the underlying SOFR rate at 4.23%.

At December 31, 2022, the 2021 and 2022 Term Loan's spread over Adjusted SOFR rate was 1.05%.

We are in compliance with all covenants of our Term Loans.

Unsecured Senior Notes

At December 31, 2022, we had $1 billion in unsecured senior notes outstanding that were issued in five tranches with maturity dates that range from 2025 to 2029. The weighted average fixed interest rates on these notes is 3.91%.

The unsecured senior notes contain financial covenants that are consistent with those of our Credit Facility. The senior notes also contain customary representations and warranties and affirmative and negative covenants, as well as customary events of default. We are in compliance with all covenants of the unsecured senior notes.

Secured Mortgage Notes

In December 2022, we refinanced the mortgages on our two Terminus properties in Atlanta with the lender. Under the new non-cross-collateralized mortgages, the maturities were extended from January 2023 to January 2031, the combined principal increased to $221.0 million, and the interest rate is now 6.34%.

In October 2022, we paid off, in full, our Legacy Union One and Promenade Tower mortgages.

In June 2021, we executed a collateral substitution for the mortgage previously secured by our 816 Congress property in Austin. The mortgage is now secured by our Domain 10 property in Austin. All other terms of the note were unchanged.

As of December 31, 2022, we had $535.2 million outstanding on five non-recourse mortgage notes. All interest rates on the secured mortgage notes are fixed. Assets with depreciated carrying values of $910.2 million were pledged as security on these mortgage notes payable.

Joint Venture Commitments and Debt

We have a number of off balance sheet joint ventures with varying structures, as described in note 6 to our consolidated financial statements. The joint ventures in which we have an interest are involved in the ownership and/or development of real estate. A venture will fund capital requirements or operational needs with cash from operations or financing proceeds. If additional capital is deemed necessary, a venture may request a contribution from the partners, and we will evaluate such request. Except as previously discussed, based on the nature of the activities conducted in these ventures, management cannot estimate with any degree of accuracy amounts that we may be required to fund in the short- or long-term. However, management does not believe that additional funding of these ventures will have a material adverse effect on our financial condition or results of operations.

At December 31, 2022, our unconsolidated joint ventures had aggregate outstanding indebtedness to third parties of $178.8 million. This debt represents mortgage or construction loans, all of which are non-recourse to us. In addition, in certain instances, we provide “non-recourse carve-out guarantees” on these non-recourse loans.

Other Debt Information

Our existing mortgage debt is primarily non-recourse, fixed-rate mortgage notes secured by various real estate assets. We expect to either refinance our non-recourse mortgage loans at maturity or repay the mortgage loans with other capital sources, including our credit facility, unsecured debt, non-recourse mortgages, construction loans, the sale of assets, joint venture equity, the issuance of common stock, the issuance of preferred stock, or the issuance of units of CPLP. Many of our non-recourse mortgages contain covenants which, if not satisfied, could result in acceleration of the maturity of the debt. We

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expect to either refinance the non-recourse mortgages at maturity or repay the mortgages with proceeds from asset sales, debt, or other capital sources.

We are in compliance with all covenants of our existing unsecured debt and non-recourse mortgages.

Future Capital Requirements

To meet capital requirements for future investment activities over the long-term, we intend to actively manage our portfolio of properties and strategically sell assets to exit our non-core holdings and reposition our portfolio of income-producing assets. We expect to continue to utilize cash retained from operations, as well as third-party sources of capital such as indebtedness, to fund future commitments and to utilize construction financing facilities for some development assets, if available and under appropriate terms.

We may also generate capital through the issuance of securities that include common or preferred stock, warrants, debt securities, or the issuance of CPLP limited partnership units.

Our business model also includes raising or recycling capital which can assist in meeting obligations and funding development and acquisition activity. If one or more sources of capital are not available when required, we may be forced to reduce the number of projects we acquire or develop and/or raise capital on potentially unfavorable terms, or we may be unable to raise capital, which could have an adverse effect on our financial position or results of operations.

Cash Flows

We report and analyze our cash flows based on operating activities, investing activities, and financing activities. Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash totaled $5.1 million and $10.2 million at December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. See "Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Cash Flows" from our 2021 Annual Report on Form 10-K for a discussion of the changes in cash flows between 2021 and 2020. The following table sets forth the changes in cash flows ($ in thousands):

Year Ended December 31, $ Change

The reasons for significant increases and decreases in cash flows between the periods are as follows:

Cash Flows from Operating Activities. Cash provided by operating activities decreased $24.3 million between 2022 and 2021 primarily due to cash received from operations of the One South at the Plaza, Burnett Plaza, and 816 Congress operating properties sold in 2021, partially offset by the timing of payments of property taxes and other payables and cash received from a full year of operations of 725 Ponce, Heights Union, and our partners' interest in 300 Colorado acquired in 2021.

Cash Flows from Investing Activities. Cash used in investing activities increased $143.4 million between 2022 and 2021. Cash used in investing activities was higher in 2022 primarily due to an increase in building and tenant improvements over the prior year, which was partially offset by the 2022 sale of our interest in Carolina Square. Cash used in investing activities was lower in 2021 primarily due to proceeds from property dispositions (816 Congress, Burnett Plaza, One South at the Plaza, and our interest in Gateway Village) exceeding cash paid for property acquisitions (725 Ponce, Heights Union, and our partners' interest in 300 Colorado.)

Cash Flows from Financing Activities. Cash flows used in financing activities decreased $158.7 million between 2022 and 2021. In 2022, an increase in net repayments on our Credit Facility, an increase in repayments of mortgage notes and our purchase of non-controlling interests were largely offset by proceeds from the issuance of the $400 million 2022 Term Loan and of $103.1 million from the issuance of common stock. In 2021, the $100 million of net proceeds from the $250 million repayment of our prior term loan and issuance of the $350 million Term Loan only partially offset our recurring dividends and mortgage payments.

Capital Expenditures. We incur capital expenditures related to our real estate assets that include the acquisition of properties, the development of new properties, the redevelopment of existing or newly purchased properties, and direct leasing costs for new or replacement tenants.

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Capital expenditures for assets we develop or acquire and then hold and operate are included in the property acquisition, development, and tenant asset expenditures line item within investing activities on the statements of cash flows. Components of expenditures included in this line item for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 are as follows ($ in thousands):

Acquisition of properties $ — $ 524,271

Operating properties—building improvements 100,536 60,281

Purchase of land held for investment — 18,267

Change in accrued capital expenditures (43,745) (15,367)

Capital expenditures decreased $445.6 million between 2022 and 2021 primarily due to the acquisitions of properties and land held for investment, including, 725 Ponce, Heights Union, and our partners' interest in 300 Colorado in 2021. This decrease from asset acquisitions is partially offset by an increase in capital expenditures on building improvements including significant redevelopments of properties and an increase in our capital expenditures related to tenant improvements and leasing costs, which are a function of the number, size, and timing of occupancy of executed new leases or renewals of existing leases. The amount of tenant improvements and leasing costs on a per square foot basis for 2022 and 2021 was as follows:

The amounts of tenant improvement and leasing costs on a per square foot basis vary by lease and by market.

Dividends. We paid common dividends of $192.3 million and $182.8 million in 2022 and 2021, respectively. We funded these dividends with cash provided by operating activities. We expect to fund our future quarterly common dividends with cash provided by operating activities, proceeds from investment property sales, distributions from unconsolidated joint ventures, and indebtedness, if necessary.

On a quarterly basis, we review the amount of our common dividend in light of current and projected future cash provided by operating activities and also consider the requirements needed to maintain our REIT status. In addition, we have certain covenants under our Credit Facility which could limit the amount of common dividends paid. In general, common dividends of any amount can be paid as long as leverage, as defined in our credit agreements, is less than 60% and we are not in default under our facility. Certain conditions also apply in which we can still pay common dividends if leverage is above that amount. We routinely monitor the status of our common dividend payments in light of the covenants of our credit agreements.

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Item 7A.Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosure about Market Risk

Our primary exposure to market risk results from our debt, which bears interest at both fixed and variable rates. We attempt to mitigate this risk primarily by limiting our debt exposure in total and our maturities in any one year and weighting more towards fixed-rate debt in our portfolio. We also use derivative financial instruments such as cash flow hedges to effectively convert some of our variable rate debt to fixed rate debt. These fixed rate debt obligations limit the risk of fluctuating interest rates.

On September 27, 2022, we entered into a floating-to-fixed interest rate swap with respect to the $350 million Term Loan through the maturity date of August 30, 2024. This swap effectively fixed the underlying SOFR rate at 4.23%. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, we had $1.9 billion of fixed rate debt, including the Term Loan, outstanding at a weighted average interest rate of 4.40%.

At December 31, 2022, we had $456.6 million of variable rate debt outstanding, which consisted of the Credit Facility with $56.6 million outstanding at an interest rate of 5.30% and the $400.0 million 2022 Term Loan with an interest rate of 5.45%. At December 31, 2021, we had $578.5 million of variable rate debt outstanding, which consisted of the Credit Facility with $228.5 million outstanding at an interest rate of 1.15% and the $350.0 million Term Loan with an interest rate of 1.15%. Based on our average variable rate debt balances in 2022, interest incurred would have increased by $6.7 million in 2022 if these interest rates had been 1% higher.

The information presented above should be read in conjunction with note 10 of notes to consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Item 8.Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

The financial statements and financial statement schedules required under Regulation S-X are filed pursuant to Item 15 of Part IV of this report.

Item 9.Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure

Not applicable.

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Item 9A.Controls and Procedures

We maintain disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our Exchange Act reports is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Management necessarily applied judgment in assessing the costs and benefits of such controls and procedures, which, by their nature, can provide only reasonable assurance regarding our control objectives.

As of the end of the period covered by this annual report, we carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of management, including the Chief Executive Officer along with the Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness, design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)). Based upon the foregoing, the Chief Executive Officer along with the Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective. In addition, based on such evaluation we have identified no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the most recent fiscal quarter that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

Report of Management on Internal Control over Financial Reporting

Management of the Company is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(f). Internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external reporting purposes in accordance with GAAP. Internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of our assets; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with GAAP and that our receipts and expenditures are being made only in accordance with authorizations of our management and directors; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of our assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Management, under the supervision of and with the participation of the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer, assessed the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2022. The framework on which the assessment was based is described in “Internal Control – Integrated Framework” (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Based on this assessment, we concluded that we maintained effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2022. Deloitte & Touche LLP, our independent registered public accounting firm, issued an opinion on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2022, which follows this report of management.

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REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the Stockholders and Board of Directors of Cousins Properties Incorporated

Opinion on Internal Control over Financial Reporting

We have audited the internal control over financial reporting of Cousins Properties Incorporated and subsidiaries (the "Company") as of December 31, 2022, based on criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). In our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2022, based on criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013) issued by COSO.

We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2022, of the Company and our report dated February 9, 2023, expressed an unqualified opinion on those consolidated financial statements.

Basis for Opinion

The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Report of Management on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

/s/ Deloitte & Touche LLP

Atlanta, Georgia

February 9, 2023

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PART III

Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance

The information required by Items 401, 405, 406, and 407 of Regulation S-K is presented in Item X in Part I of this report and is included under the captions “Proposal 1 - Election of Directors” and “Delinquent Section 16(a) Reports” in the Proxy Statement relating to the 2023 Annual Meeting of the Registrant’s Stockholders and is incorporated herein by reference. The Company has the Code of Business Conduct and Ethics, which is applicable to its Board of Directors and all of its employees. The Code of Business Conduct and Ethics is publicly available on the “Investor Relations” page of its website site at www.cousins.com. Section 1 of the Code of Business Conduct and Ethics applies to the Company’s senior executive and financial officers and is a “code of ethics” as defined by applicable SEC rules and regulations. If the Company makes any amendments to the Code of Business Conduct and Ethics other than technical, administrative, or other non-substantive amendments or grants any waivers, including implicit waivers, from a provision of the Code of Business Conduct and Ethics to the Company’s senior executive or financial officers, the Company will disclose on its website the nature of the amendment or waiver, its effective date, and to whom it applies.

Item 11. Executive Compensation

The information required by Items 402 and 407 of Regulation S-K is included under the captions “Executive Compensation,” “Director Compensation,” and "Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation" in the Proxy Statement relating to the 2023 Annual Meeting of the Registrant’s Stockholders and is incorporated herein by reference.

Item 12.Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters

The information under the captions “Beneficial Ownership of Common Stock” and "Equity Compensation Plan Information" in the Proxy Statement relating to the 2023 Annual Meeting of the Registrant’s Stockholders is incorporated herein by reference.

Item 13.Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence

The information under the caption “Certain Transactions” and “Director Independence” in the Proxy Statement relating to the 2023 Annual Meeting of the Registrant’s Stockholders is incorporated herein by reference.

Item 14.Principal Accountant Fees and Services

The information under the caption “Summary of Fees to Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm” in the Proxy Statement relating to the 2023 Annual Meeting of the Registrant’s Stockholders has fee information for fiscal years 2022 and 2021 and is incorporated herein by reference.

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PART IV

Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules

(a)1. Financial Statements

A.The following consolidated financial statements of the Registrant, together with the applicable report of independent registered public accounting firm, are filed as a part of this report:

Page Number

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (PCAOB ID No. 34) F-2

Consolidated Balance Sheets—December 31, 2022 and 2021 F-4

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements F-9

2.Financial Statement Schedule

The following financial statement schedule for the Registrant is filed as a part of this report:

Page Number

NOTE: Other schedules are omitted because of the absence of conditions under which they are required or because the required information is given in the financial statements or notes thereto.

(b)Exhibits

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21† Subsidiaries of the Registrant.

23† Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm.

104† Cover Page Interactive Data File.

* Indicates a management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.

† Filed herewith.

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

Cousins Properties Incorporated(Registrant)

BY: /s/ Gregg D. Adzema

Gregg D. Adzema

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the Registrant and in the capacities and on the date indicated.

Signature Capacity Date

M. Colin Connolly (Principal Executive Officer)

Gregg D. Adzema (Principal Financial Officer)

Jeffrey D. Symes (Principal Accounting Officer)

/s/ Charles T. Cannada Director February 9, 2023

Charles T. Cannada

/s/ Robert M. Chapman Chairman of the Board and Director February 9, 2023

Robert M. Chapman

/s/ Scott W. Fordham Director February 9, 2023

Scott W. Fordham

/s/ Lillian C. Giornelli Director February 9, 2023

Lillian C. Giornelli

/s/ R. Kent Griffin, Jr. Director February 9, 2023

R. Kent Griffin, Jr.

/s/ Donna W. Hyland Director February 9, 2023

Donna W. Hyland

/s/ Dionne Nelson Director February 9, 2023

Dionne Nelson