Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
For a description of our business, including descriptions of segments and recent business trends, see the discussion under Business in Item 1 of Part I of this Annual Report, which is incorporated by reference into this Part II, Item 7 of this Annual Report. The following discussion should also be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements and the Notes thereto included in Item 8 of Part II of this Annual Report.
Recent Developments
Ceridian
On May 20, 2021, we completed the sale of 2.0 million shares of common stock of Ceridian pursuant to Rule 144 promulgated under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended ("Rule 144"). In connection with the sale, we received proceeds of $175.0 million.
In September 2021, we completed the sale of 1.0 million shares of common stock of Ceridian for proceeds of $100.0 million pursuant to the terms of a covered call agreement.
On October 21, 2021, we completed the sale of an additional 1.0 million shares of common stock of Ceridian pursuant to Rule 144. In connection with the sale, we received proceeds of $125.8 million in October 2021.
As of December 31, 2021, we owned 10.0 million shares of Ceridian common stock which represented approximately 6.6% of the outstanding common stock of Ceridian.
In January 2022, we completed the sales of an additional 2.0 million shares of common stock of Ceridian pursuant to Rule 144. In connection with the sales, we received proceeds of $173.3 million in January 2022. As of the date of this Annual Report, we own 8.0 million shares of Ceridian common stock which represents approximately 5.3% of the outstanding common stock of Ceridian as of the date of this Annual Report.
Dun & Bradstreet
On January 8, 2021, D&B completed its acquisition of Bisnode Business Information Group AB (the "Bisnode Acquisition"). In connection with the Bisnode Acquisition, D&B issued an additional 6.2 million shares of its common stock, which resulted in a decrease in our ownership interest in D&B from approximately 18.1% to approximately 17.7% and a non-cash gain of $18.6 million in the year ended December 31, 2021.
On June 28, 2021, we completed the sale of an aggregate of 8.5 million shares of common stock of D&B (the "D&B Share Sale") pursuant to Rule 144. In connection with the D&B Share Sale, we received aggregate proceeds of $186.0 million and recorded a gain of $111.1 million. As a result of the D&B Share Sale, we now own 68.1 million shares of D&B, which represents approximately 15.8% of its outstanding common stock as of December 31, 2021.
On February 15, 2022, we received 21.8 million shares of D&B as partial consideration for our sale of Optimal Blue. Subsequently, we transferred 1.6 million of the shares received to our Manager as part of our carried interest paid related to the sale. See discussion under the header Optimal Blue below for further information. Following the receipt of these additional shares of D&B and payment of carried interest, we own 88.3 million shares of D&B which represents approximately 20.5% of its outstanding common stock.
Alight
On January 25, 2021, Foley Trasimene Acquisition Corp. ("FTAC") entered into a business combination agreement with predecessor of Alight, a leading cloud-based provider of integrated digital human capital and business solutions, as amended and restated April 29, 2021, by and among FTAC, Alight and other parties thereto (the "FTAC Alight Business Combination"). Also on January 25, 2021, Cannae entered into an agreement to purchase 25 million shares of Alight for $250.0 million as part of a private investment in public equity ("PIPE") raised in conjunction with the FTAC Alight Business Combination (the "Alight Subscription Agreement").
During the quarter ended June 30, 2021, Cannae funded the following: (a) $250.0 million pursuant to the Alight Subscription Agreement, (b) $150.0 million pursuant to a previously announced forward purchase agreement with FTAC (the "FTAC FPA") entered into on May 8, 2020 and (c) $52.4 million for the purchase of 5.2 million shares of FTAC on the open market (the "Purchased Shares"). In July 2021, we sold 1.0 million of the Purchased Shares for aggregate proceeds of $10.3 million.
On July 2, 2021, FTAC completed the FTAC Alight Business Combination in accordance with the relevant business combination agreement. The combined company operates as Alight and is traded on the NYSE under the symbol ALIT. The FTAC Alight Business Combination was funded with the cash held in trust at FTAC, forward purchase commitments, PIPE commitments and equity of Alight.
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For Cannae’s total net investment in Alight of $446.6 million, inclusive of our previous $4.5 million investment in the sponsor of FTAC (the "FTAC Sponsor") and net of the Purchased Shares sold, Cannae received 50,390,129 common shares and 5,000,000 warrants of Alight (the "Alight Warrants") and 3,026,666 LLC units of Alight's operating subsidiary with substantially the same terms as Alight's public warrants and indirectly held by the Company through its interest in the FTAC Sponsor. In connection with the investment in the PIPE and deal syndication, Cannae earned $6.1 million of fees which were deducted from the basis of our investment in Alight.
On November 29, 2021, Alight announced the redemption of all of its outstanding warrants to purchase shares of the Alight’s Class A common stock. In accordance with the warrant agreement, upon delivery of the notice of redemption, the warrants could be exercised either for cash or on a cashless basis in exchange for common shares of Alight. We elected the cashless exercise and in December 2021 we received 1,300,000 shares of Alight's Class A Common Stock directly and 786,933 shares indirectly through our ownership interest in the FTAC Sponsor.
As of December 31, 2021, Cannae directly and indirectly through the FTAC Sponsor owns 52.5 million shares of Alight which represented approximately 10.0% of its outstanding common equity. We account for our direct ownership interest in common equity of Alight and ownership in the FTAC Sponsor as equity method investments.
Paysafe
On March 30, 2021, Foley Trasimene Acquisition Corp. II ("FTAC II") completed its previously announced merger with Paysafe Limited ("Paysafe"), a leading integrated payments platform (the "FTAC II Paysafe Merger"), in accordance with the agreement and plan of merger dated December 7, 2020. The combined company operates as Paysafe and is traded on the NYSE under the symbol PSFE. The FTAC II Paysafe Merger was funded with the cash held in trust at FTAC II, forward purchase commitments, PIPE commitments and equity of Paysafe.
In conjunction with the FTAC II Paysafe Merger, Cannae funded: (a) $350.0 million as part of our subscription to the PIPE (the "Paysafe Subscription Agreement" and collectively with the Alight Subscription Agreement the "Subscription Agreements") and (b) $150.0 million as part of our forward purchase agreement with FTAC II entered into on July 31, 2020 (the "FTAC II FPA"). For Cannae’s total investment in Paysafe of $504.7 million, inclusive of our previous investment in the sponsor of FTAC II ("FTAC II Sponsor"), Cannae received 54,294,395 common shares and 5,000,000 Paysafe warrants and 3,134,067 LLC units of Paysafe's operating subsidiary with substantially the same terms as Paysafe's public warrants (collectively, the "Paysafe Warrants"). In connection with the investment in the PIPE, Paysafe paid Cannae a fee of $5.6 million as described in the agreement and plan of merger dated December 7, 2020, which was deducted from the basis of our investment.
In September 2021, the sponsor of FTAC II distributed all of its interest in Paysafe to its limited partners. As a result, Cannae now directly holds all of its interest in the common equity of Paysafe and Paysafe Warrants.
In December 2021, Cannae purchased 5.7 million shares of Paysafe on the open market for $22.4 million.
As of December 31, 2021, Cannae directly owns 59.8 million shares which represented approximately 8.3% of the outstanding common equity of Paysafe. We account for our ownership in the common equity of Paysafe under the equity method of accounting and the Paysafe Warrants as a derivative.
Optimal Blue
On February 15, 2022, we completed the disposition of our ownership interests in Optimal Blue to Black Knight, Inc. (“Black Knight”) and its subsidiaries (the “Optimal Blue Disposition”), pursuant to a purchase agreement dated as of February 15, 2022, by and among Black Knight, Cannae, and Optimal Blue, among others. In conjunction with the Optimal Blue Disposition, Cannae received aggregate consideration of (y) $144.5 million in cash and (z) 21.8 million shares of common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, of Dun & Bradstreet. Following the consummation of the Optimal Blue Disposition, Cannae no longer has any ownership interest in Optimal Blue.
Forward Purchases of Equity of Special Purpose Acquisition Companies
On February 25, 2021, we entered into a forward purchase agreement (the "AAI FPA") with AAI, a special purpose acquisition company ("SPAC") whose business purpose is to effect a merger, capital stock exchange, asset acquisition, stock purchase, reorganization or similar business combination with one or more businesses or entities (the "AAI Initial Business Combination"). AAI is co-sponsored by entities affiliated with the chairman of our Board of Directors ("Board"), William P. Foley II. Additionally, Cannae invested $1.6 million in the sponsor of AAI for a 10% indirect economic interest in the founder shares and warrants held by the sponsor. The AAI FPA was contingent upon the closing of the AAI Initial Business Combination.
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On May 10, 2021, AAI entered into a Business Combination Agreement (the "WIL Business Combination Agreement") by and among AAI, Wave Merger Sub Limited, an exempted company incorporated in Bermuda and a direct, wholly owned subsidiary of AAI ("Merger Sub"), and Wynn Interactive Ltd., an exempted company incorporated in Bermuda ("WIL").
In connection with the signing of the WIL Business Combination Agreement, we and AAI agreed to terminate the AAI FPA, and we entered into a backstop facility agreement (the "WIL Backstop Agreement") whereby we agreed, subject to the other terms and conditions included therein, to subscribe for AAI Class A Ordinary Shares in order to fund redemptions by shareholders of AAI in connection with the WIL Business Combination Agreement in an amount of up to $690.0 million (the "WIL Backstop Subscription"), in consideration for a placement fee of $3.5 million.
On November 11, 2021, we and AAI entered into a mutual termination agreement (the "Mutual Termination Agreement") to terminate the WIL Business Combination Agreement. In conjunction with the Mutual Termination Agreement, AAI received $5.0 million as reimbursement for out-of-pocket expenses. As a result of the termination of the WIL Business Combination Agreement, the Backstop Agreement and the Amended and Restated Sponsor Agreement were automatically terminated.
On February 25, 2021, we entered into a forward purchase agreement (the "AAII FPA" and collectively with the FTAC FPA and the FTAC II FPA, the "Forward Purchase Agreements") with AAII, a SPAC whose business purpose is to effect a merger, capital stock exchange, asset acquisition, stock purchase, reorganization or similar business combination with one or more businesses or entities (the "AAII Initial Business Combination"). AAII is co-sponsored by entities affiliated with William P. Foley II. Under the AAII FPA, we agreed to purchase an aggregate of 12,500,000 shares of AAII’s Class A common stock, plus an aggregate of 3,125,000 redeemable warrants to purchase one share of AAII's Class A common stock at $11.50 per share for an aggregate purchase price of $125.0 million in a private placement to occur concurrently with the closing of the AAII Initial Business Combination. Additionally, Cannae directly invested $29.6 million for a 20% indirect economic interest in the founder shares held by the sponsor and a direct interest in 19,733,333 private placement warrants of AAII (the "AAII Warrants") at the initial public offering. The AAII FPA is contingent upon the closing of the AAII Initial Business Combination.
On June 5, 2020, we entered into a forward purchase agreement (the "Trebia FPA") with Trebia Acquisition Corp. ("Trebia"), a SPAC incorporated as a Cayman Islands exempted company for the purpose of effecting a merger, share exchange, asset acquisition, share purchase, reorganization or similar business combination with one or more businesses or entities (the "Trebia Initial Business Combination"). Trebia is co-sponsored by entities affiliated with the chairman and a member of our Board, William P. Foley II and Frank R. Martire, respectively.
On June 28, 2021, Trebia entered into a Business Combination Agreement by and among Trebia, S1 Holdco LLC, a Delaware limited liability company ("S1 Holdco"), System1 SS Protect Holdings, Inc., a Delaware corporation ("Protected"), and the other parties named therein (the "Trebia S1 Business Combination Agreement"). The Trebia S1 Business Combination Agreement provides for, among other things, the consummation of certain transactions whereby each of (i) System1, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company and the current operating subsidiary of S1 Holdco, and (ii) Protected.net Group Limited, a private limited company organized under the laws of the United Kingdom and the current operating subsidiary of Protected, will become subsidiaries of Trebia (the "Trebia S1 Business Combination").
In connection with the signing of the Trebia S1 Business Combination Agreement, we and Trebia terminated the Trebia FPA, and we entered into a backstop facility agreement (the "S1 Backstop Agreement" and together with the WIL Backstop Agreement, the "Backstop Agreements") whereby we agreed, subject to the other terms and conditions included therein, to subscribe for Trebia Class A Common Stock in order to fund redemptions by shareholders of Trebia in connection with the Business Combination, in an amount of up to $200.0 million (the "S1 Backstop Subscription"). In connection with Cannae’s entry into the S1 Backstop Agreement, the sponsors of Trebia have agreed to forfeit up to 1,275,510 Trebia Class B Ordinary Shares (and Trebia has agreed to issue to Cannae a number of shares of Trebia Class A Common Stock equal to such forfeiture) as consideration in the event that the S1 Backstop Subscription is drawn due to redemptions.
On January 10, 2022, we entered into an amendment to the S1 Backstop Agreement pursuant to which our commitment to fund redemptions increased from $200.0 million to $250.0 million. Also on January 10, 2022, we entered into an amended and restated sponsor agreement with the sponsors of Trebia pursuant to which Trebia will forfeit up to an additional 1,352,941 Class B Ordinary Shares to Trebia, and Trebia will issue to Cannae an equal number of shares of Trebia Class A Common Stock in connection with, and based upon the extent of, Cannae’s obligation with respect to the increase in our backstop commitment.
On January 27, 2022, the Trebia System1 Business Combination was completed and System1 merged with and into Trebia, with System1, Inc. ("System1") as the surviving corporation. Beginning on January 28, 2022, System1’s common stock began trading on the NYSE under the ticker symbol "SST." Upon the completion of the Trebia System1 Business Combination, Cannae has invested a total of $248.3 million in System1 and directly and indirectly owns 28.2 million of System1 common shares and 1.2 million warrants to purchase System1 common shares. As a result, Cannae has an approximate 26% ownership of System1.
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QOMPLX
On March 1, 2021, Tailwind Acquisition Corp. ("Tailwind") entered into a business combination agreement to merge with QOMPLX, Inc. ("QOMPLX") (the "Tailwind QOMPLX Merger"). In conjunction with the Tailwind QOMPLX Merger, Cannae entered into an agreement to purchase 4.6 million shares of common stock of the combined company for $37.5 million as part of a subscription to the PIPE. Additionally, in March 2021, Cannae funded a convertible note to QOMPLX for $12.5 million that matures on March 3, 2022 (the "QOMPLX Note"). During the quarter ended September 30, 2021, Cannae funded an additional $6.0 million, which was added to the existing QOMPLX Note.
On August 17, 2021, QOMPLX and Tailwind mutually agreed to terminate the Tailwind QOMPLX Merger citing market conditions, which prevented certain closing conditions from being satisfied. The termination of the Tailwind QOMPLX Merger also terminated the Tailwind Subscription Agreement. The termination had no effect on the QOMPLX Note.
In November 2021, QOMPLX converted all of its outstanding convertible notes into preferred stock and redeemed $7.5 million of such preferred stock held by Cannae. As a result, Cannae holds approximately 14.5 million shares of preferred stock of QOMPLX representing approximately 19.3% of QOMPLX’s outstanding equity.
Restaurant Group
During the year ended December 31, 2021, we commenced a plan to sell or dispose of the assets of Legendary Baking Holdings I, LLC ("Legendary Baking") and VIBSQ Holdco, LLC ("VIBSQ") and their subsidiaries.
On June 24, 2021, we entered into a membership purchase agreement for the sale of certain net assets of VIBSQ and its subsidiaries for $13.5 million. On July 30, 2021, we closed on the sale of such VIBSQ net assets and recorded a loss of $9.4 million, which is included in Recognized gains (losses), net on the Consolidated Statement of Operations for the year ended December 31, 2021.
On August 10, 2021, we entered into an asset purchase agreement for the sale of certain net assets of Legendary Baking and its subsidiaries for $6.1 million and we recorded a loss of $7.0 million as a result of classifying Legendary Baking as held for sale. On September 7, 2021, we closed on the sale and recorded an additional loss of $3.9 million. Both losses are included in Recognized gains (losses), net on the Consolidated Statement of Operations in the year ended December 31, 2021.
Subsequent to the transactions, other than the winding down of certain immaterial retained assets and liabilities of Legendary Baking and VIBSQ, we have no further material involvement in Legendary Baking or VIBSQ.
Other Developments
Our Board authorized the 2021 Repurchase Program, effective February 26, 2021, under which we may repurchase up to 10 million shares of our common stock. Purchases may be made from time to time in the open market at prevailing prices or in privately negotiated transactions through February 26, 2024. The repurchase program does not obligate us to acquire any specific number of shares and may be suspended or terminated at any time. Pursuant to the 2019 Repurchase Program and the 2021 Repurchase Program, we repurchased 4,828,168 shares of CNNE common stock during the year ended December 31, 2021 for approximately $167.3 million in the aggregate, or an average of $34.65 per share.
On March 31, 2021, we closed on a $32.0 million acquisition of an ownership interest in Sightline Payments LLC ("Sightline"), a fintech company that enables cashless, mobile and omnichannel payment solutions for the gaming, lottery, sports betting, entertainment and hospitality businesses. On August 16, 2021, we acquired an additional $240.0 million of ownership interest in Sightline. Our total ownership interest represents 32.6% of the outstanding membership interests in Sightline and is accounted for under the equity method of accounting.
During the year ended December 31, 2021, we received distributions of $283.2 million from our joint venture (the "Senator JV") with affiliates of Senator Investment Group, LP. In 2020, we received an aggregate of $198.6 million of distributions from the Senator JV. Of the distributions received in 2020, $25.8 million represented the return of our deposit previously held by the Senator JV and the remainder resulted from the Senator JV's sales of CoreLogic, Inc. Using the cumulative earnings approach, $126.4 million of the distributions resulting from the Senator JV in the year ended December 31, 2020 are considered a return on our investment in the Senator JV and are classified as cash inflows from operating activities in our Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows for the year ended December 31, 2020. We have no further material ownership interest in the Senator JV.
On May 21, 2021, Ceska zbrojovka Group SE (“CZG”) acquired 100% of the outstanding equity of Colt Holdings, LLC ("Colt"). In conjunction with the transaction, we received $37.3 million for our holdings of Colt corporate debt securities, including accrued interest thereon, $1.4 million for our equity in Colt and received $0.4 million of cash and $3.6 million of CZG equity securities for our holdings of Colt equity interests in October 2021. We recorded a gain of $20.3 million on the transaction, inclusive of $10.9 million (net of $2.9 million of deferred taxes) of gains reclassified from other comprehensive earnings. We have the opportunity to receive additional equity securities of CZG contingent on future operating results of Colt. Subsequent to the transaction, we have no further ownership interest in Colt debt or equity securities.
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In the year ended December 31, 2021, we commenced a plan to sell Rock Creek Idaho Holdings, LLC ("RC"). On August 10, 2021, we entered into an asset purchase agreement for the sale of certain net assets of RC and its subsidiaries for $44.2 million, consisting of cash of $9.2 million, net of transaction costs, and a note receivable of $35.0 million. We recorded a gain of $18.9 million as a result of the sale, which is included in Recognized gains (losses), net on the Consolidated Statement of Operations for the year ended December 31, 2021. The chairman of our Board, William P. Foley II is a partner in the joint venture that purchased RC. The Company collected the full amount of the note receivable, plus interest, prior to December 31, 2021. Subsequent to the transaction, we have no further involvement in RC.
On October 14, 2021, Capital One Financial Corporation announced that it entered into a definitive agreement to purchase Triple Tree, LLC ("Triple Tree"), the investment banking subsidiary of Triple Tree Holdings, LLC ("TTH"). Cannae owns a 24.6% fully diluted interest in TTH. As a result of the sale, the two businesses comprising TTH became two separate organizations. TripleTree joined the Capital Markets group of Capital One Commercial Bank as a wholly owned subsidiary, operating under the current TripleTree brand. TTCP Management Services, LLC, continues as an independent, Minneapolis-based principal investor focused on healthcare technology and services. The transaction closed in November 2021 and we received $35.2 million of distributions from TTH related to the sale. In January 2022, we received an additional distribution of $14.0 million.
Related Party Transactions
Our financial statements for all years presented reflect transactions with FNF and our Manager. See Note R to our Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8 of Part II of this Annual Report for further discussion.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
Our consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. See Note A to our Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8 of Part II of this Annual Report for discussion of all our significant accounting policies.
The accounting policies and estimates described below are those we consider critical in preparing our Consolidated Financial Statements. Management is required to make estimates and assumptions that can affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures with respect to contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the Consolidated Financial Statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual amounts could differ from those estimates.
Investments in unconsolidated affiliates - applicability of Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") Topic 323. Investments in unconsolidated affiliates are recorded using the equity method of accounting. If an investor does not possess a controlling financial interest over an investee but has the ability to exercise significant influence over the investee’s operating and financial policies, the investor must account for such an investment under the equity method of accounting. For investments in common stock or in-substance common stock of an investee, which an investor does not control, the general but rebuttable presumption exists that an ownership of greater than 20% of the outstanding equity of an investee indicates the investor has significant influence. For investments in partnerships and similar entities for which an investor does not control, equity method of accounting for the investment is generally required unless the investor's interest is so minor that the investor has virtually no influence.
In the ordinary course of our business, we make investments in companies that provide us with varying degrees of control and influence over the underlying investees through our level of ownership of the outstanding equity of the investee, participation in management of the investee, participation on the board of directors of investees, and/or legal agreements with other investors with control implications. As a result, our analysis of the appropriate accounting for our various ownership interests often requires judgment regarding the level of control, significant influence or lack thereof the Company has over each investee. If we are required to account at fair value for certain of our ownership interests in which we have concluded the Company has significant influence resulting in the application of the equity method of accounting, the impact of such change could significantly impact the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements.
For example, as of March 31, 2020, our voting agreement with Ceridian was terminated and, as a result, we are no longer able to exert influence over the composition and quantity of Ceridian's board of directors. In combination with the reduction in our ownership of Ceridian resulting from the sale of shares in February 2020, we no longer exercise significant influence over Ceridian. As of March 31, 2020, we began accounting for our investment in Ceridian at fair value pursuant to the investment in equity security guidance of ASC 321. The change resulted in the revaluation of our investment in Ceridian to its fair value of $993.4 million as of March 31, 2020 and recording a gain on such revaluation of $684.9 million (net of $47.1 million of before-tax losses reclassified from other comprehensive earnings), which is included in Recognized gains and losses, net on the Consolidated Statement of Operations for the year ended December 31, 2020.
As of December 31, 2021, we hold less than 20% of the outstanding common equity of Dun & Bradstreet but continue to account for our ownership interest under the equity method because we continue to exert significant influence through our 15.8% ownership, because certain of our senior management and directors serve on Dun & Bradstreet's board of directors, and
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because we are party to an agreement with other of its equity sponsors pursuant to which we have agreed to collectively vote together on all matters related to the election of directors to the Dun & Bradstreet board of directors for a period of three years.
As of December 31, 2021, the book value of our investment in D&B accounted for under the equity method of accounting is $595.0 million. Based on quoted market prices, the aggregate fair market value of our ownership of Dun & Bradstreet common stock was approximately $1.4 billion as of December 31, 2021.
As of December 31, 2021, we hold less than 20% of the outstanding common equity of Paysafe but we account for our ownership interest under the equity method because we exert significant influence: (a) through our 8.3% direct ownership, (b) because certain of our senior management and directors serve on Paysafe's board of directors, including the chairman of our Board, William P. Foley II, who is also the chairman of Paysafe's board of directors, and (c) because we are party to an agreement with other of its equity investors pursuant to which we have the ability to appoint or be consulted on the election of the majority of the total directors of Paysafe.
As of December 31, 2021, the book value of our investment in Paysafe accounted for under the equity method of accounting is $431.1 million. Based on quoted market prices, the aggregate fair market value of our ownership of Paysafe common stock was approximately $233.7 million as of December 31, 2021.
As of December 31, 2021, we hold less than 20% of the outstanding common equity of Alight but we account for our ownership under the equity method because we exert significant influence: (a) through our 10.0% direct and indirect ownership, (b) because certain of our senior management and directors serve on Alight's board of directors, including the chairman of our Board, William P. Foley II, who is also the chairman of Alight's board of directors, and (c) because we are party to an agreement with other of its equity investors pursuant to which we have the ability to appoint or be consulted on the election of the majority of the total directors of Alight.
As of December 31, 2021, the book value of our investment in Alight accounted for under the equity method of accounting is $505.0 million. Based on quoted market prices, the aggregate fair market value of direct and indirect our ownership of Alight common stock was approximately $567.3 million as of December 31, 2021.
Investments in unconsolidated affiliates - impairment monitoring. On an ongoing basis, management monitors our investments in unconsolidated affiliates to determine whether there are indications that the fair value of an investment may be other-than-temporarily below our recorded book value of the investment. Factors considered when determining whether a decline in the fair value of an investment is other-than-temporary include but are not limited to: the length of time and the extent to which the market value has been less than book value, the financial condition and near-term prospects of the investee, and the intent and ability of the Company to retain its investment in the investee for a period of time sufficient to allow for any anticipated recovery in market value.
As of September 30, 2021, the fair value of our investment in Paysafe based on quoted market prices was $418.8 million and the book value of our investment in Paysafe was $810.6 million prior to any impairment. Due to significant impairments recorded by Paysafe to its intangible assets in the three months ended September 30, 2021 and the quantum of the decrease in the fair market value of our investment, management determined the decrease in value of our investment in Paysafe was other-than-temporary. Accordingly, we recorded an impairment of $391.8 million in the three months ended September 30, 2021 which is included in Recognized (losses) gains, net, on our Consolidated Statement of Operations for the year ended December 31, 2021. As of December 31, 2021, the fair value of our investment in Paysafe based on quoted market prices has decreased to $233.7 million. As of the date of this Annual Report, management believes the decrease in the fair value of our investment in Paysafe is temporary and expects to recover the recorded book value of our investment. If Paysafe's results of operations, financial condition or market conditions in the payment processing industry deteriorate, we may be required to record an impairment to our recorded investment for Paysafe in future periods.
Valuation of investments. The fair values of financial instruments presented in the Consolidated Financial Statements are estimates of the fair values at a specific point in time using available market information and appropriate valuation methodologies. Estimates that utilize unobservable inputs are subjective in nature and involve uncertainties and significant judgment in the interpretation of current market data.
The fair value hierarchy established by the accounting standards on fair value measurements includes three levels, which are based on the priority of the inputs to the valuation technique. The fair value hierarchy gives the highest priority to quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3). If the inputs used to measure the financial instruments fall within different levels of the hierarchy, the categorization is based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement of the instrument. Financial assets and liabilities that are recorded in the Consolidated Balance Sheets are categorized based on the inputs to the valuation techniques as follows:
Level 1. Financial assets and liabilities whose values are based on unadjusted quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in an active market that we have the ability to access.
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Level 2. Financial assets and liabilities whose values are based on quoted prices in markets that are not active or model inputs that are observable either directly or indirectly for substantially the full term of the asset or liability.
Level 3. Financial assets and liabilities whose values are based on model inputs that are unobservable.
Recurring Fair Value Measurements
The following table presents our fair value hierarchy for those assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively:
Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total
(In millions)
Assets:
Equity securities:
Other noncurrent assets:
Paysafe Warrants 5.4 — — 5.4
Total other noncurrent assets 5.4 31.3 — 36.7
Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total
(In millions)
Fixed-maturity securities available for sale:
Corporate debt securities $ — $ — $ 35.2 $ 35.2
Equity securities:
Forward Purchase Agreements — — 136.1 136.1
Paysafe Subscription Agreement — — 169.6 169.6
AAII FPA
The AAII FPA is accounted for at fair value pursuant to ASC Topic 321. We utilized a Monte Carlo Simulation in determining the fair value of this agreement, which is considered to be a Level 3 fair value measurement. The Monte Carlo Simulation model simulates the current security price to a simulated date for the consummation of the underlying initial business combination based on probabilities of consummation. The value of the agreement is then calculated as the difference between the future simulated price and the fixed purchase price for the underlying security to be purchased. The primary unobservable input utilized in determining the fair value of the AAII FPA is the probability of consummation of the AAII Initial Business Combination. The probability assigned to the consummation of the AAII Initial Business Combination was 80%. Determination of such probability is based on a hybrid approach which considers observed success rates of business combinations for SPACs, the sponsor of AAII's track record for consummating similar transactions and the current market for SPAC transactions. Based on the total fair value of the AAII FPA as of December 31, 2021, changes in the probability utilized will not result in a change in fair value that is significant or material to the Company's financial position or results of operations.
AAII Warrants
The AAII Warrants are accounted for at fair value pursuant to ASC Topic 815 Derivatives and Hedging. These private placement warrants are valued using the trading price of AAII's publicly traded warrants (NYSE: ASZ-WT) and are considered a Level 2 fair value measurement.
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S1 Backstop Agreement
The S1 Backstop Agreement is considered a written option and accounted for at fair value. We utilized a Black-Scholes option pricing formula to determine the fair value of the S1 Backstop Agreement, which is considered to be a Level 2 fair value measurement. The value is calculated based on the common stock price of Trebia, the amount of time the S1 Backstop Agreement is expected to be outstanding, risk free rates and the volatility of the underlying common stock of Trebia.
The following table presents a summary of the changes in the fair values of Level 3 assets, measured on a recurring basis.
Corporate debt Forward Purchase Subscription AAII
securities Agreements Agreements Warrants Total
Recognized gain on settlement (1) 1.5 — — — 1.5
Net valuation (loss) gain included in earnings (1) — (24.2) 7.7 (8.9) (25.4)
Purchase of AAII Warrants — — — 29.6 29.6
Net valuation gain included in other comprehensive earnings (2) 0.6 — — — 0.6
Transfers to Level 2 — — — (20.7) (20.7)
Redemption of corporate debt securities (37.3) — — — (37.3)
Fair value, end of period $ — $ 0.5 $ — $ — $ 0.5
Corporate debt Forward Purchase Subscription
securities Agreements Agreements Total
Fair value, beginning of period $ 19.2 $ — $ — $ 19.2
Paid-in-kind dividends 1.3 — — 1.3
Net valuation gain included in other comprehensive earnings (2) 14.7 — — 14.7
___________________________________
(1) Included in Recognized gains and (losses), net on the Consolidated Statements of Operations
(2) Included in Unrealized gain on investments and other financial instruments, net (excluding investments in unconsolidated affiliates) on the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Earnings (Loss)
Accounting for Income Taxes. We recognize deferred tax assets and liabilities for temporary differences between the financial reporting basis and the tax basis of our assets and liabilities and expected benefits of utilizing net operating loss and credit carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The impact of changes in tax rates and laws on deferred taxes, if any, is applied to the years during which temporary differences are expected to be settled and reflected in the financial statements in the period enacted.
Refer to Note L to our Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8 of Part II of this Annual Report for further discussion of our accounting for income taxes.
Certain Factors Affecting Comparability
Year ended December 31, 2021. On July 30, 2021, we closed on the sale of VIBSQ's net assets. On September 1, 2021, we closed on the sale of certain net assets of RC and its subsidiaries. On September 3, 2021, we closed on the sale of Legendary Baking. Our consolidated results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2021 include the results of operations of VIBSQ, RC and Legendary Baking through their respective dates of sale.
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Year ended December 31, 2020. On January 27, 2020, American Blue Ribbon Holdings, LLC ("Blue Ribbon") began a reorganization under Chapter 11 of the United States Bankruptcy Code (the "Blue Ribbon Reorganization") and we deconsolidated Blue Ribbon. On October 2, 2020, the Chapter 11 Plan became effective and Blue Ribbon emerged from bankruptcy as a set of reorganized companies. Upon Blue Ribbon's emergence from bankruptcy, we acquired the assets and uncompromised liabilities of Legendary Baking and VIBSQ in exchange for $15.5 million of the outstanding balance under the previously outstanding debtor-in-possession loan. Subsequent to Blue Ribbon's emergence from bankruptcy, we owned 100% of the equity of VIBSQ and Legendary Baking. Our consolidated results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2020 include the consolidated results of operations of Blue Ribbon from January 1, 2020 through January 27, 2020 and of Legendary Baking and VIBSQ from October 2, 2020 through December 31, 2020.
Year ended December 31, 2019. On December 31, 2019, we completed the contribution of T-System Holdings, Inc. ("T-System") to CorroHealth. As a result of the contribution, we reclassified the results of operations of T-System to discontinued operations for the year ended December 31, 2019 in our Consolidated Statements of Operations.
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Results of Operations
Consolidated Results of Operations
Net earnings. The following table presents certain financial data for the years indicated:
Year ended December 31,
(In millions)
Revenues:
Operating expenses:
Other operating expenses, including asset impairments 151.6 116.6 133.4
Goodwill impairment — 7.8 10.4
Other income (expense):
Interest, investment and other income 21.1 17.2 15.6
Equity in earnings (losses) of unconsolidated affiliates 72.6 59.1 (115.1)
(Loss) earnings from continuing operations (286.4) 1,759.8 98.6
Net loss from discontinued operations, net of tax — — (51.8)
Revenues
Total revenue in 2021 increased $156.5 million compared to 2020, primarily driven by an increase in revenue in the Restaurant Group segment. Total revenue in 2020 decreased $484.3 million compared to 2019, primarily driven by a decline in revenue in our Restaurant Group segment.
The change in revenues from our segments is discussed in further detail at the segment level below.
Expenses
Our operating expenses consist primarily of personnel costs, cost of restaurant revenue, other operating expenses, and depreciation and amortization.
Personnel costs include base salaries, commissions, benefits, stock-based compensation and bonuses paid to employees, and are one of our most significant operating expenses. Personnel costs that are directly attributable to the operations of the Restaurant Group are included in Cost of restaurant revenue.
Cost of restaurant revenue includes cost of food and beverage, primarily the costs of beef, groceries, produce, seafood, poultry and alcoholic and non-alcoholic beverages, net of vendor discounts and rebates, payroll and related costs and expenses directly relating to restaurant level activities, and restaurant operating costs including occupancy and other operating expenses at the restaurant level.
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Other operating expenses include professional fees, advertising costs, travel expenses and impairments of operating assets.
Depreciation and amortization expense consists of our depreciation related to investments in property and equipment as well as amortization of intangible assets.
The change in expenses from our segments is discussed in further detail at the segment level below.
Income tax (benefit) expense on continuing operations was $(74.0) million, $481.2 million, and $24.2 million for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019, respectively. The effective tax rate for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019 was 17.1%, 22.1%, and 10.2%, respectively. The change in the effective tax rate in all periods is primarily attributable to the varying impact of earnings or losses from unconsolidated affiliates on our consolidated pretax earnings or losses. The fluctuation in income tax benefit as a percentage of earnings from continuing operations before income taxes is attributable to our estimate of ultimate income tax liability and changes in the characteristics of net earnings year to year, such as the weighting of operating income versus investment income.
For a detailed breakout of our effective tax rate and further discussion on changes in our taxes, see Note L to our Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8 of Part II of this Annual Report.
Other
Recognized gains and (losses), net totaled $(310.8) million, $2,362.2 million, and $357.7 million for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019, respectively. The net recognized loss for the year ended December 31, 2021 is primarily attributable to a $391.8 million impairment on our equity ownership interest in Paysafe, mark to market adjustments on our equity securities, and mark to market adjustments of $35.1 million to our Paysafe and AAII warrants, partially offset by a gain of $111.1 million on our sale of shares of D&B. The net recognized gain for the year ended December 31, 2020 is primarily attributable to gains on equity securities, a gain of $223.1 million on the sale of a portion of our investment in Ceridian in February 2020, and a non-cash gain of $117.0 million recorded in conjunction with the D&B's initial public offering ("IPO"). See Note D to our Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8 of this Annual Report for further details on gains and losses recognized on equity securities in the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020. The $223.1 million gain on sale of Ceridian in February 2020 occurred prior to our change in accounting for our investment in Ceridian as an equity security at fair value in March 2020. The net recognized gain for the year ended December 31, 2019 is primarily attributable to $342.1 million of gains on sales of Ceridian shares.
Equity in earnings (losses) of unconsolidated affiliates for the periods indicated consisted of the following (in millions):
Year Ended December 31,
Paysafe/FTAC II Sponsor 53.3 — —
Alight/FTAC Sponsor 38.2 — —
Optimal Blue (13.8) (9.4) —
Senator JV (1.2) — —
AmeriLife (8.7) (4.0) —
Sightline (2.4) — —
_____________________________________
(1) The amount for the year ended December 31, 2020 represents the Company's equity in earnings of Ceridian in the three months ended March 31, 2020 prior to the change in accounting for the investment beginning March 31, 2020.
Net Earnings
Net earnings attributable to Cannae decreased $2,073.2 million in the year ended December 31, 2021, compared to 2020. Total net earnings attributable to Cannae increased $1,708.9 million in the year ended December 31, 2020, compared to 2019.
The change in net earnings is attributable to the factors discussed above and net earnings from the segments is discussed in further detail at the segment level below.
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Segment Results of Operations
Restaurant Group
The following table presents the results from operations of our Restaurant Group segment:
Year Ended December 31,
(In millions)
Revenues:
Operating expenses:
Other operating expenses, including asset impairments 40.4 53.1 108.9
Goodwill impairment — 7.8 10.4
Other expense:
Interest expense (8.8) (8.6) (5.4)
Recognized gains and losses, net 2.1 7.5 3.9
Total other expense (6.7) (1.1) (1.5)
Total revenues for the Restaurant Group segment increased $145.0 million, or 25.9%, in the year ended December 31, 2021 from 2020. The increase was primarily driven by an increase in comparable store sales driven by the reduced impact of social restrictions imposed by state and local governments in connection with COVID-19 in 2021 compared to 2020. Total revenues for the Restaurant Group segment decreased $483.6 million, or 46.4%, in the year ended December 31, 2020 from 2019. The decrease was primarily driven by: (1) decreased revenue related to the Blue Ribbon Reorganization, which resulted in the deconsolidation of Blue Ribbon for the period from January 27, 2020 through October 2, 2020, (2) the closing or sale of company-owned restaurants primarily associated with our O'Charley's, Village Inn and Bakers Square concepts subsequent to December 31, 2019 and (3) a decrease in comparable store sales driven by social restrictions imposed by state and local governments in connection with COVID-19 in March 2020, which resulted in the closing of dining rooms for substantially all of our restaurants from late March 2020 and into May 2020. The decrease was partially offset by an overall increase in the average guest check in the year ended December 31, 2020 compared to 2019.
Revenue associated with our Legendary Baking, Village Inn, and Baker's Square brands was $62.0 million, $53.1 million, and $312.5 million, respectively, in the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019, respectively. Revenue recorded for these brands in the year ended December 31, 2021 represents these brands' revenues through their respective dates of sales in the third quarter of 2021 and subsequent run-off sales of the remaining inventory of Legendary Baking. Revenue recorded for these brands in the year ended December 31, 2020 represents Blue Ribbon's revenue for the period from January 1, 2020 through January 27, 2020, the date of Blue Ribbon's filing for bankruptcy, and the brands' revenues for the period from October 2, 2020 through December 31, 2020.
Comparable Store Sales. One method we use in evaluating the performance of our restaurants is to compare sales results for restaurants period over period. A new restaurant is included in our comparable store sales figures starting in the first period following the restaurant's first seventy-eight weeks of operations. Changes in comparable store sales reflect changes in sales for the comparable store group of restaurants over a specified period of time. This measure highlights the performance of existing restaurants, as the impact of new restaurant openings is excluded. Comparable store sales for our 99 Restaurants brand changed 39.4%, (32.8)%, and (0.4)% in the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively, from the prior fiscal years. The increase in 2021 is primarily attributable to increased guest counts resulting from the loosening of COVID-19 restrictions and an increase in the average amount spent by customers each visit. The decrease in 2020 is primarily attributable COVID-19 restrictions. Comparable store sales for our O'Charley's brand changed 24.7%, (22.5)% and (2.5)% in the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively, from the prior fiscal years. The increase in 2021 is primarily attributable to increased guest counts resulting from the abatement of COVID-19 restrictions and an increase in the average amount spent by customers each visit. The decrease in 2020 is primarily attributable to lower guest counts resulting from COVID-19.
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Cost of restaurant revenue increased $93.1 million, or 17.8%, in the year ended December 31, 2021 from 2020. Cost of restaurant revenue decreased $388.5 million, or 42.6%, in the year ended December 31, 2020 from 2019. Cost of restaurant revenue as a percentage of restaurant revenue was approximately 87.6%, 93.7%, and 87.5% in the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The decrease in cost of restaurant revenue as a percentage of restaurant revenue in 2021 compared to 2020 and the increase in cost of restaurant revenue as a percentage of restaurant revenue in 2020 compared to 2019 is primarily attributable to the impact of unavoidable costs on the substantial decrease in revenue in 2020 discussed above.
Personnel costs decreased by $20.9 million, or 40.1%, in the year ended December 31, 2020 from 2019. The decrease is primarily attributable to the Blue Ribbon Reorganization.
Other operating expenses decreased by $12.7 million, or 23.9%, in the year ended December 31, 2021 from 2020. The decrease is primarily attributable to a decrease of $11.0 million related to lower impairments of assets and a decrease of $8.6 million in professional fees. The decreases were offset by increased expenses associated with consolidating VIBSQ and LB's results of operations for approximately 9 months in 2021 compared to approximately 3 months in 2020. Other operating expenses decreased by $55.8 million, or 51.2%, in the year ended December 31, 2020 from 2019. The decrease is primarily attributable to the Blue Ribbon Reorganization and cost saving measures taken in response to COVID-19.
Loss from continuing operations before income taxes decreased $67.2 million in the year ended December 31, 2021 from 2020. Loss from continuing operations before income taxes increased $4.6 million in the year ended December 31, 2020 from 2019. The change in losses is primarily attributable to the factors discussed above.
Dun & Bradstreet
We own a 15.8% interest in Dun & Bradstreet and account for our ownership interest in D&B under the equity method of accounting; therefore, its results of operations do not consolidate into ours.
Summarized financial information for Dun & Bradstreet and Star Parent, L.P. ("Star Parent"), the former parent of D&B through which we acquired our ownership position prior to D&B's IPO, for the relevant dates and time periods included in Equity in earnings (losses) of unconsolidated affiliates in our Consolidated Statements of Operations is presented below. We acquired our initial interest in Star Parent on February 8, 2019. The results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2019 presented below represent Star Parent's results of operations subsequent to our acquisition.
(In millions)
Net loss attributable to Dun & Bradstreet and Star Parent (71.7) (180.6) (546.3)
Details relating to the results of operations of Dun & Bradstreet (NYSE: "DNB") can be found in its periodic reports filed with the SEC.
Paysafe
On March 30, 2021, we closed on the acquisition of our 8.3% ownership interest in Paysafe. We account for our ownership of Paysafe under the equity method of accounting and report our equity in the earnings or loss of Paysafe on a three-month lag; therefore, its results do not consolidate into ours. Accordingly, our net loss for the year ended December 31, 2021 includes our equity in Paysafe’s losses for the period from March 30, 2021 through September 30, 2021.
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Summarized financial information for Paysafe for the relevant dates and time periods included in Equity in earnings (losses) of unconsolidated affiliates in our Consolidated Statements of Operations is presented below.
(In millions)
Total revenues $ 737.9
Operating loss (261.6)
Net earnings attributable to noncontrolling interest 0.3
Net loss attributable to Paysafe (140.6)
Details relating to the results of operations of Paysafe (NYSE: "PSFE") can be found in its periodic reports filed with the SEC.
Alight
On July 2, 2021, we closed on the acquisition of our 10% ownership interest in Alight. We account for our ownership of Alight under the equity method of accounting and report our equity in earnings or loss of Alight on a three-month lag; therefore, its results do not consolidate into ours. Accordingly, our net loss for the year ended December 31, 2021 includes our equity in Alight’s losses for the period from July 2, 2021 through September 30, 2021.
Summarized financial information for Alight for the relevant dates and time periods included in Equity in earnings (losses) of unconsolidated affiliates in our Consolidated Statements of Operations is presented below.
For the period from July 2, 2021 through September 30, 2021
(In millions)
Total revenues $ 690.0
Operating income 25.0
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests (13.0)
Net loss attributable to Alight (107.0)
Details relating to the results of operations of Alight (NYSE: "ALIT") can be found in its periodic reports filed with the SEC.
Corporate and Other
The Corporate and Other segment consists of our share in the operations of certain controlled businesses and other equity investments, activity of the corporate holding company and certain intercompany eliminations and taxes.
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The following table presents the results from operations of our Corporate and Other segment:
Year ended December 31,
(In millions)
Revenues:
Operating expenses:
Depreciation and amortization 2.6 3.0 2.2
Other income (expense):
Interest, investment and other income 21.1 17.2 15.6
Personnel costs decreased $18.0 million, or 28.3%, in the year ended December 31, 2021 compared to 2020, and increased $25.4 million, or 66.5%, in the year ended December 31, 2020 compared to 2019. The change in both periods is primarily driven by a change in investment success bonuses paid related to our sales of shares of Ceridian.
Other operating expenses increased $47.7 million, or 75.1%, in the year ended December 31, 2021 compared to 2020 and increased $39.0 million, or 159.2%, in the year ended December 31, 2020 compared to 2019. The increase in 2021 from 2020 was primarily attributable to an increase in management fees and carried interest incurred with our Manager. The increase in 2020 from 2019 is primarily attributable to $20.8 million of management fee expenses and $11.3 million of carried interest on distributions from the Senator JV and sales of other investments incurred with our Manager.
Interest expense decreased $12.0 million in the year ended December 31, 2020 from 2019. The decrease was attributable to a decrease in corporate debt outstanding. See Note K to our Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8 of Part II of this Annual Report for further discussion of our outstanding debt.
The net recognized loss for the year ended December 31, 2021 is primarily attributable to a $391.8 million impairment on our equity ownership interest in Paysafe, mark to market adjustments on our equity securities, and mark to market losses of $35.1 million on our Paysafe and AAII warrants, partially offset by a gain of $111.1 million on our sale of shares of D&B. The net recognized gain for the year ended December 31, 2020 is primarily attributable to gains on equity securities, a gain of $223.1 million on the sale of a portion of our investment in Ceridian in February 2020 and a non-cash gain of $117.0 million recorded in conjunction with the D&B IPO. See Note D to our Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8 of this Annual Report for further details on gains and losses recognized on equity securities in the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020. The $223.1 million gain on sale of Ceridian in February 2020 occurred prior to our change in accounting for our investment in Ceridian as an equity security at fair value in March 2020. The net recognized gain for the year ended December 31, 2019 is primarily attributable to $342.1 million of gains on sales of Ceridian shares.
Discontinued Operations
As a result of our contribution of T-System to CorroHealth, the financial results of T-System have been reclassified to discontinued operations. See Note N to our Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8 of Part II of this Annual Report for further details on amounts included in discontinued operations for the year ended December 31, 2019.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Cash Requirements.Our current cash requirements include personnel costs, operating expenses, taxes, capital expenditures, the AAII FPA and business acquisitions. There are no restrictions on our retained earnings regarding our ability to pay dividends to stockholders, although there are limits on the ability of certain subsidiaries to pay dividends to us, as a result of provisions in certain debt agreements. The declaration of any future dividends is at the discretion of our Board of Directors. Additional uses of cash flow are expected to include stock repurchases, acquisitions, and debt repayments.
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As of December 31, 2021, we had cash and cash equivalents of $85.8 million, of which $48.1 million was cash held by the corporate holding company, and $300.0 million of available borrowing capacity under our existing holding company credit facilities with the ability to add an additional $200.0 million of borrowing capacity by amending our 2020 Margin Facility.
We continually assess our capital allocation strategy, including decisions relating to reducing debt, repurchasing our stock, and/or conserving cash. We believe that all anticipated cash requirements for current operations will be met from internally generated funds, cash dividends from subsidiaries, cash generated by investment securities, potential sales of non-strategic assets, and borrowings on existing credit facilities. Our short-term and long-term liquidity requirements are monitored regularly to ensure that we can meet our cash requirements. We forecast the needs of all of our subsidiaries and periodically review their short-term and long-term projected sources and uses of funds, as well as the asset, liability, investment and cash flow assumptions underlying such forecasts.
The Company believes the holding company's balances of cash, cash equivalents and unrestricted marketable securities, which totaled $575.8 million as of December 31, 2021 (excluding marketable securities we account for as unconsolidated affiliates), along with cash generated by ongoing operations and continued access to debt markets, will be sufficient to satisfy its cash requirements over the next 12 months and beyond.
We are focused on evaluating our assets and investments as potential vehicles for creating liquidity. Our intent is to use that liquidity for general corporate purposes, including, funding future investments, other strategic initiatives and/or conserving cash.
Operating Cash Flows. Our cash flows used in operations for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019 were $176.1 million, $113.9 million and $84.2 million, respectively. The increase in cash used in operations of $62.2 million from 2021 to 2020 is primarily attributable to increased management fees and carried interest paid to our Manager. The decrease in cash provided by operations of $29.7 million from 2020 to 2019 is primarily attributable to increased payments for income taxes of $59.0 million and increased losses in our Restaurant Group, excluding non-cash impairments, partially offset by a decrease in operating lease payments of $21.3 million. The remainder of the variance is attributable to the timing of payment and receipt of accounts payable and receivable.
Investing Cash Flows. Our cash flows used in investing activities for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019 were $272.4 million, $74.2 million and $24.2 million, respectively. The increase in cash used in investing activities of $198.2 million from 2021 to 2020 is primarily attributable to increased investments in new businesses including Paysafe, Alight and Sightline, and decreased proceeds from sales of Ceridian stock, partially offset by increased distributions from unconsolidated affiliates and a partial sale of D&B shares. The increase in cash used in investing activities of $50.0 million from 2020 to 2019 is primarily attributable to an increase in new investments in unconsolidated investments, including our investments in AmeriLife, Optimal Blue and in a private placement associated with D&B's IPO, partially offset by an increase in proceeds from sales of Ceridian stock in 2020 compared to 2019.
Capital Expenditures. Total capital expenditures for property and equipment and other intangible assets were $13.7 million, $22.3 million and $28.3 million for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019, respectively. Capital expenditures in in all years primarily consisted of purchases of property and equipment in our Restaurant Group segment and property improvements at our real estate operations. Expenditures in 2020 also include the Company's purchase of our corporate headquarters for $9.3 million.
Financing Cash Flows. Our cash flows (used in) provided by financing activities for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019 were $(190.4) million, $379.1 million and $319.1 million, respectively. The decrease in cash provided by (increase in cash used in) financing activities of $569.5 million from 2021 compared to 2020 is primarily attributable to proceeds from our equity offering in 2020 and increased purchases of treasury stock in 2021. The increase in cash provided by financing activities of $60.0 million from 2020 compared to 2019 is primarily attributable to $455.0 million of net proceeds from our equity offering in 2020 compared to $236.0 million from our 2019 equity offering, partially offset by a net decrease in debt proceeds net of service payments of $140.1 million in 2020 compared to 2019, and a $9.5 million increase in cash paid for purchases of Treasury stock in 2020 compared to 2019.
Financing Arrangements. For a description of our historical financing arrangements see Note K to our Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8 of Part II of this Annual Report.
Contractual Obligations. Our long term contractual obligations generally include our credit agreements and debt facilities, lease payments and financing obligations on certain of our premises and equipment, purchase obligations of the Restaurant Group and payments to our Manager.
See Note B to our Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8 of Part II of this Annual Report for further discussion of our leasing arrangements.
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Pursuant to the terms of the Management Services Agreement between Cannae LLC and our Manager, Cannae LLC is obligated to pay our Manager a quarterly management fee equal to 0.375% (1.5% annualized) of the Company’s cost of invested capital (as defined in the Management Services Agreement) as of the last day of each fiscal quarter, payable in arrears in cash, as may be adjusted pursuant to the terms of the Management Services Agreement. Management fees payable to our Manager are included for the initial 5-year term of the Management Services Agreement that began in September 2019 and are based on our cost of invested capital of $2,569.9 million as of December 31, 2021.
Purchase obligations include agreements to purchase goods or services that are enforceable, are legally binding and specify all significant terms, including fixed or minimum quantities to be purchased; fixed, minimum or variable price provisions; and the approximate timing of the transaction. The Restaurant Group has unconditional purchase obligations with various vendors, primarily related to food and beverage obligations with fixed commitments in regards to the time period of the contract and the quantities purchased with annual price adjustments that can fluctuate. Future purchase obligations are estimated by assuming historical purchase activity over the remaining, non-cancellable terms of the various agreements. For agreements with minimum purchase obligations, at least the minimum amounts we are legally required to purchase are included. These agreements do not include fixed delivery terms. We used both historical and projected volume and pricing as of December 31, 2021 to determine the amount of the obligations.
Restaurant Group financing obligations include its agreements to lease its corporate office and certain O'Charley's restaurant locations that are accounted for as failed sale and leaseback transactions.
As of December 31, 2021, our required annual payments relating to these contractual obligations were as follows:
Capital Stock Transactions.For information on our 2019 Repurchase Program and 2021 Repurchase Program, see discussion under the header Purchases of Equity Securitiesby the Issuer included in Item 5 of Part II of this Annual Report.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
For a description of recent accounting pronouncements, see Note S to our Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8 of Part II of this Annual Report.
Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosure about Market Risk
Equity Price Risk
We are exposed to market price fluctuations associated with the Company's equity securities holdings. Equity price risk is the risk that we will incur economic losses due to adverse changes in equity prices. At December 31, 2021, we held $1,045.1 million in equity securities which are recorded at fair value. The carrying values of investments subject to equity price risks are directly derived from, or valued in part using, quoted market prices. See Note C to our Consolidated Financial Statements for further discussion of our fair value measurements for equity securities. Market prices are subject to fluctuation and, consequently, the amount realized in the subsequent sale of an investment may significantly differ from the reported market value. Fluctuation in the market price of a security may result from perceived changes in the underlying economic characteristics of the investee, the relative price of alternative investments and general market conditions. Furthermore, amounts realized in the sale of a particular security may be affected by the relative quantity of the security being sold.
For purposes of this Annual Report, we perform a sensitivity analysis to determine the effects that market risk exposures may have on the fair values of our equity securities. At December 31, 2021, a 20% increase (decrease) in market prices, with all other variables held constant, would result in an increase (decrease) in the fair value of our equity securities portfolio of $209.0 million
Commodity Price Risk
In our Restaurant Group segment, we are exposed to market price fluctuations in beef, seafood, produce and other food product prices. Given the historical volatility of beef, seafood, produce and other food product prices, these fluctuations can materially impact the food and beverage costs incurred in our Restaurant Group segment. While our Restaurant Group
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companies have taken steps to qualify multiple suppliers who meet our standards as suppliers for our restaurants and have entered into agreements with suppliers for some of the commodities used in our restaurant operations, there can be no assurance that future supplies and costs for such commodities will not fluctuate due to weather and other market conditions outside of our control. Consequently, such commodities can be subject to unforeseen supply and cost fluctuations. Dairy costs can also fluctuate due to government regulation. Because we typically set our menu prices in advance of our food product prices, our menu prices cannot immediately incorporate changing costs of food items. To the extent that we are unable to pass the increased costs on to our guests through price increases, our results of operations would be adversely affected. We do not use financial instruments to hedge our risk to market price fluctuations in beef, seafood, produce and other food product prices at this time.
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Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
CANNAE HOLDINGS, INC.
INDEX TO FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Page Number
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2021 and 2020 48
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 53
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REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the shareholders and the Board of Directors of Cannae Holdings, Inc.
Opinion on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
We have audited the internal control over financial reporting of Cannae Holdings, Inc. and subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2021, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (“COSO”). In our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2021, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by COSO.
We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”), the consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2021, of the Company and our report dated February 25, 2022, expressed an unqualified opinion on those financial statements.
Basis for Opinion
The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management's Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
/s/ Deloitte & Touche LLP
Las Vegas, Nevada
February 25, 2022
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REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the shareholders and the Board of Directors of Cannae Holdings, Inc.
Opinion on the Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Cannae Holdings, Inc. and subsidiaries (the "Company") as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive earnings, equity, and cash flows, for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2021, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the "financial statements"). In our opinion, based on our audits and the report of the other auditors, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2021, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
We did not audit the consolidated financial statements of Dun and Bradstreet Holdings, Inc. (“Dun & Bradstreet”), the Company's investment in which is accounted for by use of the equity method. The accompanying financial statements of the Company include its equity investment in Dun & Bradstreet of $595.0 million and $653.2 million as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively, and its equity in losses in Dun & Bradstreet of $13.5 million, $46.8 million and $132.8 million for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Those statements were audited by other auditors whose report has been furnished to us, and our opinion, insofar as it relates to the amounts included for Dun & Bradstreet, is based solely on the report of the other auditors.
We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”), the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2021, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission and our report dated February 25, 2022, expressed an unqualified opinion on the Company's internal control over financial reporting.
Basis for Opinion
These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company's financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits and the report of the other auditors provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Critical Audit Matter
The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current-period audit of the financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that (1) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.
Investments in Unconsolidated Affiliates in Paysafe and Alight — Refer to Notes A and D to the financial statements
Critical Audit Matter Description
As of December 31, 2021, the Company owns directly and indirectly approximately 8.3% and 10.0% of the outstanding common equity of Paysafe Limited (“Paysafe”) and Alight, Inc. (“Alight”), respectively. The Company funded its investments in Paysafe and Alight on March 30, 2021 and July 2, 2021, respectively, pursuant to subscription and forward purchase agreements which were previously accounted for under ASC 321, Investments – Equity Securities. As of December 31, 2021, the carrying value of the Company’s investments in unconsolidated affiliates recorded using the equity method of accounting in Paysafe and Alight was $431.1 million and $505.0 million, respectively.
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The Company concluded that it can exert significant influence over Paysafe and Alight: a) through the Company’s direct and indirect ownership interests; b) because certain of the Company’s senior management and directors serve on the board of directors; and c) because the Company is party to agreements with other of its equity investors pursuant to which they have the ability to appoint or be consulted on the election of the majority of the total directors of Paysafe and Alight.
Additionally, on an ongoing basis, management monitors the Company's investments in unconsolidated affiliates to determine whether there are indications that the fair value of an investment may be other-than-temporarily below the recorded book value of the investment. As of September 30, 2021, the fair value of the Company’s investment in Paysafe based on quoted market prices was $418.8 million and the book value of the Company’s investment in Paysafe was $810.6 million prior to any impairment. Due to significant impairments recorded by Paysafe to its intangible assets in the three-months ended September 30, 2021 and the quantum of the decrease in the fair market value of the investment, management determined the decrease in value of the Company’s investment in Paysafe was other-than-temporary. Accordingly, the Company recorded an impairment of $391.8 million in the three-months ended September 30, 2021 which is included in Recognized (losses) gains, net, on the Consolidated Statement of Operations for the year ended December 31, 2021.
We identified the determination of whether the Company has the ability to exert significant influence over Paysafe and Alight and the subsequent other-than-temporary impairment of the Paysafe investment as a critical audit matter. The determination of whether the Company has the ability to exert significant influence and whether an investment in an unconsolidated affiliate is other-than-temporarily impaired pursuant to ASC 323, Investments – Equity Method and Joint Ventures, involved challenging, subjective, and complex judgments. Therefore, auditing these significant judgments, involved a higher degree of auditor judgment and subjectivity, including the involvement of specialists.
How the Critical Audit Matter Was Addressed in the Audit
Our audit procedures related to Company’s determination of whether the Company has the ability to exert significant influence over Paysafe and Alight and whether the Paysafe investment was other-than-temporarily impaired included the following:
•We tested the effectiveness of controls over: 1) management’s determination of whether the Company can exert significant influence over Paysafe and Alight and 2) whether the Paysafe investment was other-than-temporarily impaired.
•We inspected the underlying agreements and assessed the appropriateness of the Company’s application of the equity method of accounting for the Paysafe and Alight investments. With the assistance of technical accounting specialists, we evaluated the Company’s direct and indirect ownership interests in Paysafe and Alight, the Company’s senior management and directors that serve on the Paysafe and Alight board of directors, and the contractual rights the equity investors held around appointments to the Paysafe and Alight board of directors and the related judgments documented by management to determine that the Company has the ability to exert significant influence over Paysafe and Alight in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
•We evaluated the judgments documented by management to determine that the Company’s investment in Paysafe was other-than-temporarily impaired and the events and changes in circumstances was indicative of an other-than-temporary impairment in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
/s/ Deloitte & Touche LLP
Las Vegas, Nevada
February 25, 2022
We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2017.
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CANNAE HOLDINGS, INC.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(in millions)
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents $ 85.8 $ 724.7
Fixed maturity securities available for sale, at fair value — 35.2
Investments in unconsolidated affiliates 2,261.3 1,453.0
Other intangible assets, net 26.9 51.8
Other long term investments and noncurrent assets 108.7 63.8
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable and other accrued liabilities, current $ 105.6 $ 93.2
Lease liabilities, current 23.8 26.2
Notes payable, current 2.3 11.3
Notes payable, long-term 14.1 52.2
Accounts payable and other accrued liabilities, long-term 45.0 53.1
Commitments and contingencies - see Note M
Equity:
Accumulated other comprehensive loss (7.2) (4.9)
Noncontrolling interests 5.8 5.6
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
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CANNAE HOLDINGS, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
Year ended December 31,
(in millions)
Revenues:
Operating expenses:
Other operating expenses, including asset impairments 151.6 116.6 133.4
Goodwill impairment — 7.8 10.4
Other income (expense):
Interest, investment and other income 21.1 17.2 15.6
Equity in earnings (losses) of unconsolidated affiliates 72.6 59.1 (115.1)
(Loss) earnings from continuing operations (286.4) 1,759.8 98.6
Net loss from discontinued operations, net of tax - see Note N — — (51.8)
Amounts attributable to Cannae Holdings, Inc. common shareholders
Earnings per share
Basic
Net (loss) earnings per share from continuing operations $ (3.19) $ 20.84 $ 1.77
Net loss per share from discontinued operations — — (0.70)
Net (loss) earnings per share $ (3.19) $ 20.84 $ 1.07
Diluted
Net (loss) earnings per share from continuing operations $ (3.19) $ 20.79 $ 1.76
Net loss per share from discontinued operations — — (0.69)
Net (loss) earnings per share $ (3.19) $ 20.79 $ 1.07
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
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CANNAE HOLDINGS, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE EARNINGS
Year Ended December 31,
(in millions)
Other comprehensive (loss) earnings, net of tax:
Other comprehensive (loss) earnings (2.3) 41.0 26.3
Comprehensive (loss) earnings attributable to Cannae $ (289.3) $ 1,827.2 $ 103.6
(1)Net of income tax expense of $0.1 million, $2.9 million and less than $0.1 million for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively.
(2)Net of income tax expense (benefit) of $1.5 million, $(4.2) million and $1.9 million for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively.
(3)Net of income tax expense of $0.6 million, $12.3 million and $5.1 million for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively.
(4)Net of income tax benefit of $2.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2021.
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
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CANNAE HOLDINGS, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EQUITY
Shares $ Shares $
(in millions)
Proceeds from equity offering, net of offering costs 7.5 — 236.0 — — — — — 236.0
Dun & Bradstreet equity issuance costs — — (1.4) — — — — — (1.4)
Treasury stock repurchases — — — — — 0.2 (4.9) — (4.9)
Shares withheld for taxes and in treasury — — — — — — (0.8) — (0.8)
Stock-based compensation, consolidated subsidiaries — — 4.0 — — — — 0.6 4.6
Contribution of CSA services from FNF — — 1.3 — — — — — 1.3
Stock-based compensation, unconsolidated affiliates — — 10.6 — — — — — 10.6
Deconsolidation of T-System — — — — — — — (2.9) (2.9)
Subsidiary dividends paid to noncontrolling interests — — — — — — — (1.0) (1.0)
Net earnings (loss) — — — 77.3 — — — (30.5) 46.8
Equity offering, net of offering costs 12.7 — 455.0 — — — — — 455.0
Restaurant Group Reorganization — — 6.8 — — — — (12.3) (5.5)
Sale of noncontrolling interest in consolidated subsidiary — — — — — — — 3.7 3.7
Treasury stock repurchases — — — — — 0.5 (14.4) — (14.4)
Stock-based compensation, consolidated subsidiaries — — 4.2 — — — — — 4.2
Contribution of CSA services from FNF — — 1.2 — — — — — 1.2
Stock-based compensation, unconsolidated affiliates — — 11.9 — — — — — 11.9
Subsidiary dividends paid to noncontrolling interests — — — — — — — (0.7) (0.7)
Shares withheld for taxes and in treasury — — — — — — (0.8) — (0.8)
Shares withheld for taxes and in treasury — — — — — 0.1 (0.2) — (0.2)
Treasury stock repurchases — — — — — 4.8 (167.3) — (167.3)
Stock-based compensation, consolidated subsidiaries — — 2.4 — — — — — 2.4
Stock-based compensation, unconsolidated affiliates — — 10.1 — — — — — 10.1
Subsidiary dividends paid to noncontrolling interests — — — — — — — (0.4) (0.4)
Net (loss) earnings — — — (287.0) — — — 0.6 (286.4)
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
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CANNAE HOLDINGS, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
Year ended December 31,
(in millions)
Cash flows from operating activities:
Equity in (earnings) losses of unconsolidated affiliates (72.6) (59.1) 115.1
Distributions from investments in unconsolidated affiliates 23.7 128.4 2.0
Recognized losses (gains) and impairments of assets, net 309.2 (2,343.5) (256.9)
Stock-based compensation cost 2.4 4.2 4.6
Changes in assets and liabilities, net of effects from acquisitions:
Net decrease (increase) in other assets 27.7 (31.4) (18.0)
Net decrease in lease liabilities (23.9) (28.3) (46.9)
Net cash used in operating activities (176.1) (113.9) (84.2)
Cash flows from investing activities:
Proceeds from sale of D&B shares 186.0 — —
Distributions from investments in unconsolidated affiliates 298.1 48.3 1.0
Proceeds from sales of VIBSQ, Legendary Baking and RCI 63.2 — —
Proceeds from the sale of property and equipment 10.4 4.4 21.4
Collections of notes receivable 2.8 7.2 —
Net proceeds from sales and maturities of short term investments — 0.5 30.9
Investments in Paysafe, net of subscription fees earned (514.7) — —
Investments in Alight, net of subscription fees earned (446.3) — —
Investments in Sightline (272.0) — —
Additions to notes receivable (18.6) (37.3) —
Investment in Optimal Blue — (289.0) —
Cash deconsolidated at the inception of the Blue Ribbon Reorganization — (1.1) —
Net other investing activities 2.6 0.1 3.0
Net cash used in investing activities (272.4) (74.2) (24.2)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Equity offering proceeds, net of capitalized costs — 455.0 236.0
Sale of noncontrolling interest in consolidated subsidiary — 3.7 —
Payment for shares withheld for taxes and in treasury (0.2) (0.8) (0.8)
Purchases of treasury stock (160.2) (14.4) (4.9)
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities (190.4) 379.1 319.1
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents (638.9) 191.0 210.7
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
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CANNAE HOLDINGS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Note A. Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
The following describes the significant accounting policies of Cannae Holdings, Inc. and its subsidiaries (collectively, “we,” “us,” “our,” "Cannae," or the "Company”), which have been followed in preparing the accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements.
Description of Business
We primarily acquire interests in operating companies and are engaged in actively managing and operating a core group of those companies, which we are committed to supporting for the long-term. From time to time, we also seek to take meaningful majority and minority equity ownership stakes where we have the ability to control or significantly influence quality companies, and we bring the strength of our operational expertise to each of our subsidiaries. We are a long-term owner that secures control and governance rights of other companies primarily to engage in their lines of business and we have no preset time constraints dictating when we sell or dispose of our businesses. We believe that our long-term ownership and active involvement in the management and operations of companies helps maximize the value of those businesses for our shareholders. Our primary assets as of December 31, 2021 include our ownership interests in Dun & Bradstreet Holdings, Inc. ("Dun & Bradstreet" or "D&B"), Ceridian HCM Holding, Inc. ("Ceridian"), Alight, Inc. ("Alight"), Paysafe Limited ("Paysafe"), Sightline Payments Holdings, LLC ("Sightline" or "Sightline Payments"), Optimal Blue Holdco, LLC ("Optimal Blue") and AmeriLife Group, LLC ("AmeriLife"); majority equity ownership stakes in O'Charley's Holdings, LLC ("O'Charley's") and 99 Restaurants Holdings, LLC ("99 Restaurants"); various other controlled portfolio companies and certain minority equity ownership interests.
See Note Q Segment Information for further discussion of the businesses comprising our reportable segments.
We conduct our business through our wholly-owned subsidiary Cannae Holdings, LLC ("Cannae LLC"), a Delaware limited liability company. Our board of directors ("Board") oversees the management of the Company, Cannae LLC and its businesses, and the performance of our external manager, Trasimene Capital Management, LLC (“Trasimene” or our “Manager”).
Split-off of Cannae from FNF
On November 17, 2017, Fidelity National Financial, Inc. (“FNF”) redeemed each outstanding share of its FNF Ventures ("FNFV") Group common stock, par value $0.0001, for one share of common stock, par value $0.0001, of a newly formed entity, Cannae (the "Split-Off"). In conjunction with the Split-Off, FNF contributed to us its portfolio of investments unrelated to its primary insurance and real estate operations, which included majority and minority equity ownership interests in a number of entities and certain fixed income investments. On November 20, 2017, Cannae common stock began “regular-way” trading on The New York Stock Exchange under the “CNNE” stock symbol.
Following the Split-Off, FNF and Cannae operate as separate, publicly-traded companies. In connection with the Split-Off, FNF and Cannae entered into certain agreements in order to govern certain of the ongoing relationships between the two companies after the Split-Off and to provide for an orderly transition. These agreements include a reorganization agreement, a corporate services agreement, a registration rights agreement, a voting agreement and a tax matters agreement.
The reorganization agreement provides for, among other things, the principal corporate transactions (including the internal restructuring) required to effect the Split-Off, certain conditions to the Split-Off and provisions governing the relationship between Cannae and FNF with respect to and resulting from the Split-Off. The tax matters agreement provides for the allocation and indemnification of tax liabilities and benefits between FNF and Cannae and other agreements related to tax matters. The voting and registration rights agreements provide for certain appearance and voting restrictions and registration rights on shares of Cannae owned by FNF after consummation of the Split-Off. Pursuant to the corporate services agreement (the "CSA"), FNF has provided Cannae with certain "back office" services including legal, tax, accounting, treasury and investor relations support. Cannae will reimburse FNF for direct, out-of-pocket expenses incurred by FNF in providing these services.
On October 7, 2020, the Company entered into an Extension of Corporate Services Agreement (the “Extension”) with FNF. Pursuant to the Extension, the term of the CSA was extended for two years until November 17, 2022 (the “Extended Term”). During the Extended Term, FNF will provide certain corporate services to Cannae at FNF’s Standard Allocation (as defined in the CSA), plus 10%, and Cannae agrees to pay or reimburse FNF for any fees, costs or other expenses paid by FNF to third parties in connection with the corporate services. The CSA will automatically renew for successive one-year terms,
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CANNAE HOLDINGS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (continued)
unless the parties mutually agree to terminate the CSA at least thirty days prior to the applicable termination date. No later than 30 days prior to such termination date, the parties shall negotiate mutually agreeable arm’s length terms for each additional one year term.
Principles of Consolidation and Basis of Presentation
The accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements are prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States ("GAAP") and include the historical accounts as well as wholly-owned and majority-owned subsidiaries of the Company. The Company is allocated certain corporate overhead and management services expenses from FNF based on the terms of the CSA and our proportionate share of the expense determined on actual usage and our best estimate of management's allocation of time. Both FNF and Cannae believe such allocations are reasonable; however, they may not be indicative of the actual results of operations or cash flows of the Company had the Company been operating as an independent, publicly traded company for the periods presented or the amounts that will be incurred by the Company in the future. In the opinion of management, all adjustments considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. All adjustments made were of a normal, recurring nature.
All intercompany profits, transactions and balances have been eliminated. Our ownership interests in non-majority-owned partnerships and affiliates are accounted for under the equity method of accounting or as equity securities. Earnings attributable to noncontrolling interests are recorded on the Consolidated Statements of Operations relating to majority-owned subsidiaries with the appropriate noncontrolling interest that represents the portion of equity not related to our ownership interest recorded on the Consolidated Balance Sheets in each period.
Management Estimates
The preparation of these Consolidated Financial Statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the Consolidated Financial Statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Significant estimates made by management include the carrying amount and depreciation of property and equipment (Note E), the valuation of acquired intangible assets (Note H and Note I), fair value measurements (Note C), and accounting for income taxes (Note L). Actual results could differ from estimates.
Recent Developments
Ceridian
On May 20, 2021, we completed the sale of 2.0 million shares of common stock of Ceridian pursuant to Rule 144 promulgated under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended ("Rule 144"). In connection with the sale, we received proceeds of $175.0 million.
In September 2021, we completed the sale of 1.0 million shares of common stock of Ceridian for proceeds of $100.0 million pursuant to the terms of a covered call agreement.
On October 21, 2021, we completed the sale of an additional 1.0 million shares of common stock of Ceridian pursuant to Rule 144. In connection with the sale, we received proceeds of $125.8 million in October 2021.
As of December 31, 2021, we owned 10.0 million shares of Ceridian common stock which represented approximately 6.6% of the outstanding common stock of Ceridian.
See Notes C and D for further discussion of our accounting for our investment in Ceridian and other equity securities.
In January 2022, we completed the sales of an additional 2.0 million shares of common stock of Ceridian pursuant to Rule 144. In connection with the sales, we received gross proceeds of $173.3 million in January 2022. As of the date of this Annual Report, we own 8.0 million shares of Ceridian common stock which represented approximately 5.3% of the outstanding common stock of Ceridian.
Dun & Bradstreet
On January 8, 2021, D&B completed its acquisition of Bisnode Business Information Group AB (the "Bisnode Acquisition"). In connection with the Bisnode Acquisition, D&B issued an additional 6.2 million shares of its common stock, which resulted in a decrease in our ownership interest in D&B from approximately 18.1% to approximately 17.7% and a non-cash gain of $18.6 million in the year ended December 31, 2021.
On June 28, 2021, we completed the sale of an aggregate of 8.5 million shares of common stock of D&B (the "D&B Share Sale") pursuant to Rule 144. In connection with the D&B Share Sale, we received aggregate proceeds of $186.0 million and
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (continued)
recorded a gain of $111.1 million. As a result of the D&B Share Sale, we now own 68.1 million shares of D&B, which represents approximately 15.8% of its outstanding common stock as of December 31, 2021.
See Note D for further discussion of our accounting for our ownership interest in D&B.
On February 15, 2022, we received 21.8 million shares of D&B as partial consideration for our sale of Optimal Blue. Subsequently, we transferred 1.6 million of the shares received to our Manager as part of our carried interest paid related to the sale. See discussion under the header Optimal Blue below for further information. Following the receipt of these additional shares of D&B and payment of carried interest, we own 88.3 million shares of D&B which represents approximately 20.5% of its outstanding common stock.
Alight
On January 25, 2021, Foley Trasimene Acquisition Corp. ("FTAC") entered into a business combination agreement with predecessor of Alight, a leading cloud-based provider of integrated digital human capital and business solutions, as amended and restated April 29, 2021, by and among FTAC, Alight and other parties thereto (the "FTAC Alight Business Combination"). Also on January 25, 2021, Cannae entered into an agreement to purchase 25 million shares of Alight for $250.0 million as part of a private investment in public equity ("PIPE") raised in conjunction with the FTAC Alight Business Combination (the "Alight Subscription Agreement").
During the quarter ended June 30, 2021, Cannae funded the following: (a) $250.0 million pursuant to the Alight Subscription Agreement, (b) $150.0 million pursuant to a previously announced forward purchase agreement with FTAC (the "FTAC FPA") entered into on May 8, 2020 and (c) $52.4 million for the purchase of 5.2 million shares of FTAC on the open market (the "Purchased Shares"). In July 2021, we sold 1.0 million of the Purchased Shares for aggregate proceeds of $10.3 million.
On July 2, 2021, FTAC completed the FTAC Alight Business Combination in accordance with the relevant business combination agreement. The combined company operates as Alight and is traded on the New York Stock Exchange ("NYSE") under the symbol ALIT. The FTAC Alight Business Combination was funded with the cash held in trust at FTAC, forward purchase commitments, PIPE commitments and equity of Alight.
For Cannae’s total net investment in Alight of $446.6 million, inclusive of our previous $4.5 million investment in the sponsor of FTAC (the "FTAC Sponsor") and net of the Purchased Shares sold, Cannae received 50,390,129 common shares and 5,000,000 warrants of Alight (the "Alight Warrants") and 3,026,666 LLC units of Alight's operating subsidiary with substantially the same terms as Alight's public warrants and indirectly held by the Company through its interest in the FTAC Sponsor. In connection with our participation in the PIPE and deal syndication, Cannae earned $6.1 million of fees which were deducted from the basis of our ownership interest in Alight.
On November 29, 2021, Alight announced the redemption of all of its outstanding warrants to purchase shares of the Alight’s Class A common stock. In accordance with the warrant agreement, upon delivery of the notice of redemption, the warrants could be exercised either for cash or on a cashless basis in exchange for common shares of Alight. We elected the cashless exercise and in December 2021 we received 1,300,000 shares of Alight's Class A Common Stock directly and 786,933 shares indirectly through our ownership interest in the FTAC Sponsor.
As of December 31, 2021, Cannae directly and indirectly through the FTAC Sponsor owns 52.5 million shares of Alight which represented approximately 10.0% of its outstanding common equity. We account for our direct ownership interest in common equity of Alight and ownership in the FTAC Sponsor as equity method investments.
See Note D for further discussion of our accounting for our ownership interest in Alight.
Paysafe
On March 30, 2021, Foley Trasimene Acquisition Corp. II ("FTAC II") completed its previously announced merger with Paysafe Limited ("Paysafe"), a leading integrated payments platform (the "FTAC II Paysafe Merger"), in accordance with the agreement and plan of merger dated December 7, 2020. The combined company operates as Paysafe and is traded on the NYSE under the symbol PSFE. The FTAC II Paysafe Merger was funded with the cash held in trust at FTAC II, forward purchase commitments, PIPE commitments and equity of Paysafe.
In conjunction with the FTAC II Paysafe Merger, Cannae funded: (a) $350.0 million as part of our subscription to the PIPE (the "Paysafe Subscription Agreement" and collectively with the Alight Subscription Agreement the "Subscription Agreements") and (b) $150.0 million as part of our forward purchase agreement with FTAC II entered into on July 31, 2020 (the "FTAC II FPA"). For Cannae’s total investment in Paysafe of $504.7 million, inclusive of our previous investment in the sponsor of FTAC II ("FTAC II Sponsor"), Cannae received 54,294,395 common shares and 5,000,000 Paysafe warrants and
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (continued)
3,134,067 LLC units of Paysafe's operating subsidiary with substantially the same terms as Paysafe's public warrants (collectively, the "Paysafe Warrants"). In connection with our participation in the PIPE, Paysafe paid Cannae a fee of $5.6 million as described in the agreement and plan of merger dated December 7, 2020, which was deducted from the basis of our ownership interest.
In September 2021, the sponsor of FTAC II distributed all of its interest in Paysafe to its limited partners. As a result, Cannae now directly holds all of its interest in common equity of Paysafe and Paysafe Warrants.
In December of 2021, Cannae purchased 5.7 million shares of Paysafe on the open market for $22.4 million.
As of December 31, 2021, Cannae directly owns 59.8 million shares which represented approximately 8.3% of the outstanding common equity of Paysafe. We account for our ownership of the common equity of Paysafe under the equity method of accounting and the Paysafe Warrants as a derivative.
See Notes C and D for further discussion of our accounting for our ownership interest in common equity and warrants of Paysafe.
Optimal Blue
On February 15, 2022, we completed the disposition of our ownership interests in Optimal Blue to Black Knight, Inc. (“Black Knight”) and its subsidiaries (the “Optimal Blue Disposition”), pursuant to a purchase agreement dated as of February 15, 2022, by and among Black Knight, Cannae, and Optimal Blue, among others. In conjunction with the Optimal Blue Disposition, Cannae received aggregate consideration of (y) $144.5 million in cash and (z) 21.8 million shares of common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, of Dun & Bradstreet. Following the consummation of the Optimal Blue Disposition, Cannae no longer has any ownership interest in Optimal Blue.
Forward Purchases of Equity of Special Purpose Acquisition Companies
On February 25, 2021, we entered into a forward purchase agreement (the "AAI FPA") with Austerlitz Acquisition Corporation I (“AAI”), a special purpose acquisition company ("SPAC") whose business purpose is to effect a merger, capital stock exchange, asset acquisition, stock purchase, reorganization or similar business combination with one or more businesses or entities (the "AAI Initial Business Combination"). AAI is co-sponsored by entities affiliated with the chairman of our Board of Directors ("Board"), William P. Foley II. Additionally, Cannae invested $1.6 million in the sponsor of AAI for a 10% indirect economic interest in the founder shares and warrants held by the sponsor. The AAI FPA was contingent upon the closing of the AAI Initial Business Combination.
On May 10, 2021, AAI entered into a Business Combination Agreement (the “WIL Business Combination Agreement”) by and among AAI, Wave Merger Sub Limited, an exempted company incorporated in Bermuda and a direct, wholly owned subsidiary of AAI (“Merger Sub”), and Wynn Interactive Ltd., an exempted company incorporated in Bermuda (“WIL”).
In connection with the signing of the WIL Business Combination Agreement, we and AAI terminated the AAI FPA, and we entered into a backstop facility agreement (the "WIL Backstop Agreement") whereby we agreed, subject to the other terms and conditions included therein, to subscribe for AAI Class A Ordinary Shares in order to fund redemptions by shareholders of AAI in connection with the WIL Business Combination Agreement, in an amount of up to $690.0 million (the "WIL Backstop Subscription"), in consideration for a placement fee of $3.5 million.
On November 11, 2021, we and AAI entered into a mutual termination agreement (the "Mutual Termination Agreement") to terminate the WIL Business Combination Agreement. In conjunction with the Mutual Termination Agreement, AAI received $5.0 million as reimbursement for out-of-pocket expenses. As a result of the termination of the WIL Business Combination Agreement, both the Backstop Agreement and the Amended and Restated Sponsor Agreement were automatically terminated.
On February 25, 2021, we entered into a forward purchase agreement (the "AAII FPA") with Austerlitz Acquisition Corp. II ("AAII"), a SPAC whose business purpose is to effect a merger, capital stock exchange, asset acquisition, stock purchase, reorganization or similar business combination with one or more businesses or entities (the "AAII Initial Business Combination"). AAII is co-sponsored by entities affiliated with William P. Foley II. Under the AAII FPA, we agreed to purchase an aggregate of 12,500,000 shares of AAII’s Class A common stock, plus an aggregate of 3,125,000 redeemable warrants to purchase one share of AAII's Class A common stock at $11.50 per share for an aggregate purchase price of $125.0 million in a private placement to occur concurrently with the closing of the AAII Initial Business Combination. Additionally, Cannae directly invested $29.6 million for a 20% indirect economic interest in the founder shares held by the sponsor and a direct interest in 19,733,333 private placement warrants of AAII (the "AAII Warrants") at the initial public offering. The AAII FPA is contingent upon the closing of the AAII Initial Business Combination.
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (continued)
On June 5, 2020, we entered into a forward purchase agreement (the "Trebia FPA") with Trebia Acquisition Corp. ("Trebia"), a SPAC incorporated as a Cayman Islands exempted company for the purpose of effecting a merger, share exchange, asset acquisition, share purchase, reorganization or similar business combination with one or more businesses or entities (the "Trebia Initial Business Combination"). Trebia is co-sponsored by entities affiliated with the chairman and a member of our Board, William P. Foley II and Frank R. Martire, respectively.
On June 28, 2021, Trebia entered into a business combination agreement by and among Trebia, S1 Holdco LLC, a Delaware limited liability company ("S1 Holdco"), System1 SS Protect Holdings, Inc., a Delaware corporation ("Protected"), and the other parties named therein (the "Trebia S1 Business Combination Agreement"). The Trebia S1 Business Combination Agreement provides for, among other things, the consummation of certain transactions whereby each of (i) System1, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company and the current operating subsidiary of S1 Holdco, and (ii) Protected.net Group Limited, a private limited company organized under the laws of the United Kingdom and the current operating subsidiary of Protected, will become subsidiaries of Trebia (the "Trebia S1 Business Combination").
In connection with the signing of the Trebia S1 Business Combination Agreement, we and Trebia terminated the Trebia FPA, and we entered into a backstop facility agreement (the "S1 Backstop Agreement" and together with the WIL Backstop Agreement, the "Backstop Agreements") whereby we agreed, subject to the other terms and conditions included therein, to subscribe for Trebia Class A Common Stock in order to fund redemptions by shareholders of Trebia in connection with the Business Combination, in an amount of up to $200.0 million (the "S1 Backstop Subscription"). In connection with Cannae’s entry into the S1 Backstop Agreement, the sponsors of Trebia have agreed to forfeit up to 1,275,510 Trebia Class B Ordinary Shares (and Trebia has agreed to issue to Cannae a number of shares of Trebia Class A Common Stock equal to such forfeiture) as consideration in the event that the S1 Backstop Subscription is drawn due to redemptions.
On January 10, 2022, we entered into an amendment to the S1 Backstop Agreement pursuant to which our commitment to fund redemptions increased from $200.0 million to $250.0 million. Also on January 10, 2022, we entered into an amended and restated sponsor agreement with the sponsors or Trebia pursuant to which Trebia will forfeit up to an additional 1,352,941 Class B Ordinary Shares to Trebia, and Trebia will issue to Cannae an equal number of shares of Trebia Class A Common Stock in connection with, and based upon the extent of, Cannae’s obligation with respect to the increase in our backstop commitment.
On January 27, 2022, the Trebia System1 Business Combination was completed and System1 merged with and into Trebia, with System1, Inc. ("System1") as the surviving corporation. Beginning on January 28, 2022, System1’s common stock began trading on the NYSE under the ticker symbol “SST.” Upon the completion of the Trebia System1 Business Combination, Cannae has invested a total of $248.3 million in System1, directly and indirectly owns 28.2 million of System1 common shares and 1.2 million warrants to purchase SST common shares. As a result, Cannae has an approximate 26% ownership of System1.
Refer to Note C and G for further discussion of our accounting for the AAII FPA, the AAII Warrants and the S1 Backstop Agreement.
QOMPLX
On March 1, 2021, Tailwind Acquisition Corp. ("Tailwind") entered into a business combination agreement to merge with QOMPLX, Inc. ("QOMPLX") (the "Tailwind QOMPLX Merger"). In conjunction with the Tailwind QOMPLX Merger, Cannae entered into an agreement to purchase 4.6 million shares of common stock of the combined company for $37.5 million as part of a subscription to the PIPE. Additionally, in March 2021, Cannae funded a convertible note to QOMPLX for $12.5 million that matures on March 3, 2022 (the "QOMPLX Note"). During the quarter ended September 30, 2021, Cannae funded an additional $6.0 million, which was added to the existing QOMPLX Note.
On August 17, 2021, QOMPLX and Tailwind mutually agreed to terminate the Tailwind QOMPLX Merger citing market conditions, which prevented certain closing conditions from being satisfied. The termination of the Tailwind QOMPLX Merger also terminated the Tailwind Subscription Agreement. The termination had no effect on the QOMPLX Note.
In November 2021, QOMPLX converted all of its outstanding convertible notes into preferred stock and redeemed $7.5 million of such preferred stock held by Cannae. As a result, Cannae holds approximately 14.5 million shares of preferred stock of QOMPLX representing approximately 19.3% of QOMPLX’s outstanding equity.
Restaurant Group
During the year ended December 31, 2021, we commenced a plan to sell or dispose of the assets of Legendary Baking Holdings I, LLC ("Legendary Baking") and VIBSQ Holdco, LLC ("VIBSQ") and their subsidiaries.
On June 24, 2021, we entered into a membership purchase agreement for the sale of certain net assets of VIBSQ and its subsidiaries for $13.5 million. On July 30, 2021, we closed on the sale of such VIBSQ net assets and recorded a loss of
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (continued)
$9.4 million, which is included in Recognized gains (losses), net on the Consolidated Statement of Operations for the year ended December 31, 2021.
On August 10, 2021, we entered into an asset purchase agreement for the sale of certain net assets of Legendary Baking and its subsidiaries for $6.1 million and we recorded a loss of $7.0 million as a result of classifying Legendary Baking as held for sale. On September 7, 2021, we closed on the sale and recorded an additional loss of $3.9 million. Both losses are included in Recognized gains (losses), net on the Consolidated Statement of Operations in the year ended December 31, 2021.
Subsequent to the transactions, other than the winding down of certain immaterial retained assets and liabilities of Legendary Baking and VIBSQ, we have no further material involvement in Legendary Baking or VIBSQ.
Other Developments
Our Board authorized a three-year stock repurchase program (the "2021 Repurchase Program"), effective February 26, 2021, under which the Company may repurchase up to 10 million shares of its common stock. Purchases may be made from time to time in the open market at prevailing prices or in privately negotiated transactions through February 26, 2024. The repurchase program does not obligate the Company to acquire any specific number of shares and may be suspended or terminated at any time. We repurchased 4,828,168 shares of CNNE common stock during the year ended December 31, 2021 for approximately $167.3 million in the aggregate, or an average of $34.65 per share, pursuant to the three-year stock purchase program effective September 19, 2019 and the 2021 Repurchase Program.
On March 31, 2021, we closed on a $32.0 million acquisition of an ownership interest in Sightline Payments LLC ("Sightline"), a fintech company that enables cashless, mobile and omnichannel payment solutions for the gaming, lottery, sports betting, entertainment and hospitality businesses. On August 16, 2021, we acquired an additional $240.0 million of ownership interest in Sightline. Our total ownership interest represents 32.6% of the outstanding membership interests in Sightline at the time of the transaction and is accounted for using the equity method.
See Note C and D for further discussion of the Company's accounting for ownership interests in unconsolidated affiliates.
During the year ended December 31, 2021, we received distributions of $283.2 million from our joint venture (the "Senator JV") with affiliates of Senator Investment Group, LP. In 2020, we received an aggregate of $198.6 million of distributions from the Senator JV. Of the distributions received in 2020, $25.8 million represented the return of our deposit previously held by the Senator JV and the remainder resulted from the Senator JV's sales of CoreLogic, Inc. Using the cumulative earnings approach, $126.4 million of the distributions resulting from the Senator JV in the year ended December 31, 2020 are considered a return on our investment in the Senator JV and are classified as cash inflows from operating activities in our Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows for the year ended December 31, 2020. We have no further material ownership interest in the Senator JV.
On May 21, 2021, Ceska zbrojovka Group SE (“CZG”) acquired 100% of the outstanding equity of Colt Holdings, LLC ("Colt"). In conjunction with the transaction, we received $37.3 million for our holdings of Colt corporate debt securities, including accrued interest thereon, $1.4 million for our equity in Colt and received $0.4 million of cash and $3.6 million of CZG equity securities for our holdings of Colt equity interests in October 2021. We recorded a gain of $20.3 million on the transaction, inclusive of $10.9 million (net of $2.9 million of deferred taxes) of gains reclassified from other comprehensive earnings. We have the opportunity to receive additional equity securities of CZG contingent on future operating results of Colt. Subsequent to the transaction, we have no further ownership interest in Colt debt or equity securities.
During the year ended December 31, 2021, we commenced a plan to sell Rock Creek Idaho Holdings, LLC ("RC"). On August 10, 2021, we entered into an asset purchase agreement for the sale of certain net assets of RC and its subsidiaries for $44.2 million, consisting of cash of $9.2 million, net of transaction costs, and a note receivable of $35.0 million. We recorded a gain of $18.9 million as a result of the sale, which is included in Recognized gains (losses), net on the Consolidated Statement of Operations for the year ended December 31, 2021. The chairman of our Board, William P. Foley II is a partner in the joint venture that purchased RC. The Company collected the full amount of the note receivable, plus interest, prior to December 31, 2021. Subsequent to the transaction, we have no further involvement in RC.
On October 14, 2021, Capital One Financial Corporation announced that it entered into a definitive agreement to purchase Triple Tree, LLC ("Triple Tree"), the investment banking subsidiary of Triple Tree Holdings, LLC ("TTH"). Cannae owns a 24.6% fully diluted interest in TTH. As a result of the sale, the two businesses comprising TTH became two separate organizations. TripleTree joined the Capital Markets group of Capital One Commercial Bank as a wholly owned subsidiary, operating under the current TripleTree brand. TTCP Management Services, LLC, continues as an independent, Minneapolis-based principal investor focused on healthcare technology and services. The transaction closed in November 2021 and we received $35.2 million of distributions from TTH related to the sale. On January 18, 2022, we received an additional distribution of $14.0 million.
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (continued)
Cash and Cash Equivalents
Highly liquid instruments, including money market instruments, purchased as part of cash management with original maturities of three months or less, and certain amounts in transit from credit and debit card processors, are considered cash equivalents. The carrying amounts reported in the Consolidated Balance Sheets for these instruments approximate their fair value.
Investments
Equity securities include our investment in Ceridian and are carried at fair value.
Investments in unconsolidated affiliates are recorded using the equity method of accounting.
Fixed maturity securities, which may be sold prior to maturity, are carried at fair value and are classified as available for sale as of the balance sheet dates. Fair values for fixed maturity securities are principally a function of current market conditions and are valued based on quoted prices in markets that are not active or model inputs that are unobservable. Discount or premium is recorded for the difference between the purchase price and the principal amount. The discount or premium is amortized or accrued using the interest method and is recorded as an adjustment to interest, investment and other income. The interest method results in the recognition of a constant rate of return on the investment equal to the prevailing rate at the time of purchase or at the time of subsequent adjustments of book value.
Recognized gains and losses on the sale of investments are determined on the basis of the cost of the specific investments sold and are credited or charged to income on a trade date basis. Unrealized gains or losses on fixed maturity securities, which are classified as available for sale, net of applicable deferred income tax expenses (benefits), are excluded from earnings and credited or charged directly to a separate component of equity. If any unrealized losses on available for sale fixed maturity securities are determined to be other-than-temporary, such unrealized losses are recognized as realized losses. Unrealized losses are considered other-than-temporary if factors exist that cause us to believe that the value will not increase to a level sufficient to recover our cost basis. Some factors considered in evaluating whether or not a decline in fair value is other-than-temporary include (i) our need and intent to sell the investment prior to a period of time sufficient to allow for a recovery in value; (ii) the duration and extent to which the fair value has been less than cost; and (iii) the financial condition and prospects of the issuer. Such reviews are inherently uncertain and the value of the investment may not fully recover or may decline in future periods resulting in a realized loss.
See Notes C and D for further discussion of our accounting for equity securities and investments in unconsolidated affiliates.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
The fair value of financial instruments presented in the Consolidated Financial Statements are estimates of the fair value at a specific point in time using available market information and appropriate valuation methodologies. Estimates that use unobservable inputs are subjective in nature and involve uncertainties and significant judgment in the interpretation of current market data. We do not necessarily intend to dispose of or liquidate such instruments prior to maturity. See Note C for further details.
Distributions from Unconsolidated Affiliates
We classify distributions received from unconsolidated affiliates in our Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows using the cumulative earnings approach. Under the cumulative earnings approach, distributions are considered returns on investment and classified as cash inflows from operating activities unless the Company’s cumulative distributions from an investee received in prior periods exceed the cumulative equity in earnings of such investee. When cumulative distributions from an investee exceed cumulative equity in earnings of the investee, such excess is considered a return of investment and is classified as a cash inflow from investing activities.
Other Current Assets
Prepaid expenses and other current assets consist of trade receivables, inventory, prepaid operating expenses, the current portion of notes receivable, deposits and other miscellaneous current assets.
Trade receivables are primarily for the Restaurant Group and consist primarily of business to business gift card sales, insurance-related reimbursement, rebates, tenant improvement allowances, and billings to franchisees for royalties, initial and renewal fees, equipment sales and rent. Trade receivables are recorded net of an allowance for doubtful accounts, which is our best estimate of the amount of probable credit losses related to existing receivables. The carrying values reported in the Consolidated Balance Sheets for trade receivables approximate their fair value.
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (continued)
Inventory primarily consists of food, beverages, packaging and supplies in our Restaurant Group segment and is stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Cost is determined using the first in, first out method for restaurant inventory and standard cost that approximates actual cost on a first in, first out basis for the bakery operations.
Other Long Term Investments and Non-Current Assets
Other long-term investments consist mainly of investments in equity securities without a readily determinable fair value. See Note D for further discussion of our accounting for equity securities without a readily determinable fair value.
Other non-current assets also includes notes receivable from third-parties and other miscellaneous non-current assets.
Leases
Refer to Note B.
Goodwill