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Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

This section should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements included in Item 8, Financial Statements and Supplementary Data, of this Form 10-K.

EXECUTIVE OVERVIEW

Columbus McKinnon Corporation ("Columbus McKinnon" or the "Company") is a leading worldwide designer, manufacturer and marketer of intelligent motion solutions that move the world forward and improve lives by efficiently and ergonomically moving, lifting, positioning and securing materials. Key products include hoists, crane components, precision conveyor systems, rigging tools, light rail workstations and digital power and motion control systems. These are highly relevant, professional-grade solutions that solve our customers’ critical material handling requirements.

Founded in 1875, we have grown to our current size and leadership position through organic growth and acquisitions. We developed our leading market position over our 149-year history by emphasizing technological innovation, manufacturing excellence and superior customer service. In accordance with our strategic framework, we are building out our business system ("CMBS") and growth framework to be market-led, customer-centric, and operationally excellent with our people and values at the core. We believe this will transform Columbus McKinnon into a top-tier intelligent motion solutions company. We expect our strategy will enhance shareholder value by growing sales, expanding EBITDA margins and increasing our return on invested capital ("ROIC").

Our revenue base is geographically diverse with approximately 43% derived from customers outside the U.S. for the year ended March 31, 2024. We believe this diversity balances the impact of changes that occur in local economies, as well as benefits the Company by providing access to growing emerging markets. We monitor both U.S. and Eurozone Industrial Capacity Utilization statistics as well as the ISM Production Index as indicators of anticipated demand for our products. In addition, we continue to monitor the potential impact of other global and U.S. trends including, industrial production, trade tariffs, raw material cost inflation, interest rates, foreign currency exchange rates, and activity of end-user markets around the globe.

From a strategic perspective, we are investing in new products as we focus on our greatest opportunities for growth. We maintain a strong North American market share with significant leading market positions in hoists, lifting and sling chain, forged attachments, actuators, precision conveyors and digital power and motion control systems for the material handling industry. We seek to maintain and enhance our market share by focusing our sales and marketing activities toward select North American and global market sectors including general industrial, energy, automotive, heavy OEM, entertainment, construction and infrastructure, life sciences food and beverage, e-commerce and consumer products.

On May 31, 2023, the Company completed its acquisition of montratec GmbH ("montratec"), a leading automation solutions company that designs and develops intelligent automation and transport systems for interlinking industrial production and logistics processes. montratec product offerings compliment the previous acquisitions of both Dorner and Garvey, and these acquisitions are collectively expected to accelerate the Company’s shift to intelligent motion solutions and serve as a platform to expand capabilities in advanced, higher technology automation solutions.

Regardless of the economic climate and point in the economic cycle, we constantly explore ways to increase operating margins as well as further improve our productivity and competitiveness. We have specific initiatives to reduce lead-times, improve on-time deliveries, reduce warranty costs, and improve material and factory productivity. The initiatives are being driven by the implementation of our business operating system, CMBS. We are working to achieve these strategic initiatives through business simplification, operational excellence, and profitable growth initiatives. We believe these initiatives will enhance future operating margins.

Our principal raw materials and components purchases were approximately $396 million in fiscal 2024 (or 62% of Cost of product sold) and include steel, consisting of rod, wire, bar, structural, and other forms of steel; electric motors; bearings; gear reducers; castings; steel and aluminum enclosures and wire harnesses; electro-mechanical components; and standard variable drives and controls. These commodities are all available from multiple sources. We purchase most of these raw materials and components from a limited number of strategic and preferred suppliers under agreements which are negotiated on a company-wide basis through our global purchasing group. Currently, as a result of global inflation, we are experiencing higher raw material costs and availability issues for select raw materials and components. To date, we have raised prices to our customers to cover these increased raw material costs and are working with our supply base to prioritize shipments and improve availability of key components.

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We operate in a highly competitive and global business environment. We see a variety of opportunities in our markets and geographies, including trends toward automation and increasing labor productivity and the expansion of market opportunities in Asia and other emerging markets. While we execute our long-term growth strategy, we are supported by our strong free cash flow as well as our liquidity position and flexible debt structure.

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following discussion is a comparison between fiscal 2024 and fiscal 2023 results. For a discussion of our results of operations for fiscal 2023 compared to fiscal 2022, please refer to Item 7 of Part II, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2023, which was filed with the SEC on May 25, 2023.

Fiscal 2024Compared to Fiscal 2023

Fiscal 2024 sales were $1,013,540,000, an increase of 8.3%, or $77,300,000 compared with fiscal 2023 sales of $936,240,000. Sales for the fiscal year were positively impacted by price increases of $33,837,000 as well as $32,584,000 of incremental sales from the montratec acquisition. Offsetting these increases was $469,000 in decreased sales volume. The translation of foreign currency had a favorable impact of $11,348,000.

Gross profit was $374,838,000 and $342,099,000 or 37.0% and 36.5% of net sales in fiscal 2024 and 2023, respectively. The fiscal 2024 increase in gross profit of $32,739,000 or 9.6% is the result of the $28,987,000 of price increases net of material inflation, $13,828,000 in gross profit as a result of the acquisition of montratec, $946,000 due to favorable sales mix and $904,000 of decreased product liability costs offset by $12,087,000 of other manufacturing cost changes, $3,294,000 of start up costs for our new Monterrey, Mexico facility and $346,000 of current year business realignment costs. The translation of foreign currencies had a $3,756,000 favorable impact on gross profit for the year ended March 31, 2024.

Selling expenses were $105,341,000 and $102,528,000, or 10.4% and 11.0% of net sales in fiscal years 2024 and 2023, respectively. Selling expenses increased $6,426,000 as a result of the montratec acquisition offset by a decreases in net business realignment costs, which did not recur for $3,807,000, and lower employee costs of $1,157,000 as a result of the prior year business realignment. Foreign currency translation had a $1,055,000 unfavorable impact on selling expenses.

General and administrative expenses were $106,760,000 and $94,794,000 or 10.5% and 10.1% of net sales in fiscal 2024 and 2023, respectively. The increase in general and administrative expenses was due to the acquisition of montratec which added $3,586,000 in expenses, net increases of $2,595,000 for acquisition and deal integration costs, an increase in stock-based compensation of $2,171,000, an increase of $1,596,000 for the new Monterrey, Mexico facility and an increase in net business realignment costs of $1,084,000. These increases were offset by a $1,230,000 adjustment in the prior year for the Garvey acquisition contingent consideration which did not recur. Foreign currency translation had a $711,000 unfavorable impact on general and administrative expenses for the year ended March 31, 2024.

Research and development expenses were $26,193,000 and $20,935,000 in fiscal 2024 and 2023, respectively. As a percentage of consolidated net sales, research and development expenses were 2.6% and 2.2% in fiscal 2024 and 2023, respectively. The increase in research and development expenses was due to additional spending to achieve strategic goals related to new product development.

Amortization of intangibles were $29,396,000 and $26,001,000 in fiscal 2024 and 2023, respectively, with the increase related to amortization of new intangible assets acquired in the montratec acquisition.

Interest and debt expense was $37,957,000 and $27,942,000 in fiscal 2024 and 2023, respectively. The increase is related to higher interest rates, as well as increased borrowings to finance the montratec acquisition.

Investment income of $1,759,000 and $315,000, in fiscal 2024 and 2023, respectively, related to earnings on marketable securities held in the Company’s wholly owned captive insurance subsidiary and the Company's equity method investment in EMC, described in Note 7 to our March 31, 2024 consolidated financial statements.

Foreign currency exchange resulted in a loss of $1,826,000 and a gain $2,189,000 in fiscal 2024 and 2023, respectively. This unfavorable change was due to the strengthening of the U.S. Dollar in comparison to the Euro and other currencies where our businesses operates.

Other expense was $7,597,000 in fiscal 2024 and other income was $2,072,000 in fiscal 2023. During fiscal 2024, the Company terminated both of its Canadian pension plans and began the process to terminate one of its U.S. pension plans. For the U.S.

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plan, lump sum payments were made to eligible participants who elected to receive them. Both of these actions resulted in a settlement charge of $4,984,000. Further as discussed in Note 17, the increase in expense is also related to an income tax refund which will be paid to the former owners of STAHL, as agreed to in a tax indemnification agreement, as it relates to a tax period prior to the acquisition date.

Income tax expense as a percentage of income from continuing operations before income tax expense was 24.2% and 35.0% in fiscal 2024 and 2023, respectively. Typically these percentages vary from the U.S. statutory rate of 21% due to varying effective tax rates at the Company's foreign subsidiaries and the jurisdictional mix of income for these subsidiaries.

In fiscal 2023, the rate was unfavorably impacted 3 percentage points due to settlement of income tax assessments related to tax periods prior to the Company’s acquisition of Stahl Cranesystems GmbH (“STAHL"). In accordance with the tax indemnification clause of the share purchase agreement, the Company received full reimbursement from STAHL’s prior owner which was recorded as a gain in Other (income) expense, net on the Consolidated Statements of Operations. The tax rate also reflects an unfavorable impact of 2 percentage points due to the recording of a U.S. state tax valuation allowance. The valuation allowance primarily relates to changes in the Company’s expectations regarding its ability to more likely than not utilize certain U.S. state net operating losses prior to their expiration. The tax rate was also unfavorably affected by non-deductible compensation and U.S. taxes on foreign earnings, which increased the rate by 2 percentage points each.

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash totaled $114,376,000 and $133,426,000, at March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Cash flow from operating activities

Net cash provided by operating activities was $67,198,000 and $83,636,000 in fiscal 2024 and 2023, respectively. In fiscal 2024, net income of $46,625,000 and non-cash adjustments to net income of $57,928,000 were the largest contributors. Of the non-cash adjustments, $45,945,000 was depreciation and amortization and $12,039,000 was stock-based compensation offset by $15,285,000 of deferred income taxes and related valuation allowance. Net working capital increases reduced operating cash flows by $29,132,000, which included an increase of $14,428,000 in accounts receivable, a $9,583,000 decrease in accrued liabilities and an increase in prepaid expenses and other of $8,555,000. This was partially offset by a decrease in trade payables of $4,748,000. In addition, non-current liabilities decreased by $8,760,000. The decrease in non-current liabilities primarily consists of $9,454,000 in cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of operating lease liabilities in fiscal 2024.

Cash flow from investing activities

Net cash used for investing activities was $133,364,000 and $13,932,000 in fiscal 2024 and 2023, respectively. In fiscal 2024, the most significant uses of cash in investing activities was $108,145,000 of cash used for the purchase of montratec on May 31, 2023. Additionally, the Company used $24,813,000 in capital expenditures.

Cash flow from financing activities

Net cash provided by financing activities was $48,201,000 in fiscal 2024 compared to net cash used for financing activities of $49,987,000 in fiscal 2023. The most significant source of cash was $120,000,000 in gross proceeds from the issuance of long-term debt, which was used to fund the montratec acquisition. This was offset by $60,604,000 in debt repayments, $8,044,000 in dividend payments and $2,859,000 in fees paid to secure the new debt borrowings. Associated cash flows from hedging activities are classified as financing activities in the Statement of Cash Flows, which resulted in a net cash inflow of $1,370,000.

We believe that our cash on hand, cash flows, and borrowing capacity under our Amended and Restated Credit Agreement will be sufficient to fund our ongoing operations and debt obligations, and capital expenditures for at least the next twelve months. This belief is dependent upon successful execution of our current business plan and effective working capital utilization. No material restrictions exist in accessing cash held by our non-U.S. subsidiaries. We expect to meet our funding needs with cash provided by our U.S. operations, as well as by repatriating non-U.S. cash. We do not expect to incur significant incremental U.S. taxes as we repatriate funds. As of March 31, 2024, $64,103,000 of cash and cash equivalents were held by foreign subsidiaries.

CAPITAL EXPENDITURES

In addition to keeping our current equipment and plants properly maintained, we are committed to replacing, enhancing and upgrading our property, plant and equipment to support new product development, improve productivity and customer

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responsiveness, reduce production costs, increase flexibility to respond effectively to market fluctuations and changes, meet environmental requirements, enhance safety and promote ergonomically correct work stations. Our capital expenditures for fiscal 2024 and 2023 were $24,813,000 and $12,632,000, respectively. This increase in capital expenditures during fiscal 2024 was related to the establishment of a machining center of excellence in Mexico. Excluded from fiscal 2024 capital expenditures is $690,000 and $624,000, in property, plant and equipment purchases included in accounts payable at March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. We expect capital expenditure spending in fiscal 2025 to range from $20,000,000 to $30,000,000.

INFLATION AND OTHER MARKET CONDITIONS

Our costs are affected by inflation in the U.S. economy and, to a lesser extent, in non-U.S. economies including those of Europe, Canada, Mexico, South America, and Asia-Pacific. We do not believe that general inflation has had a material effect on our results of operations over the periods presented despite rising inflation due to our ability to pass on rising costs through price increases. We are currently experiencing higher raw material, freight, and logistics costs than we have seen in recent years, which we have been able to recover with pricing actions. In the future, we may not be able to pass on these cost increases to our customers.

SEASONALITY AND QUARTERLY RESULTS

Quarterly results may be materially affected by the timing of large customer orders, periods of high vacation and holiday concentrations, legal settlements, gains or losses in our portfolio of marketable securities, restructuring charges, favorable or unfavorable foreign currency translation, divestitures and acquisitions. Therefore, the operating results for any particular fiscal quarter are not necessarily indicative of results for any subsequent fiscal quarter or for the full fiscal year.

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ESTIMATES

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in our consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. We continually evaluate the estimates and their underlying assumptions, which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying value of our assets and liabilities. Actual results inevitably will differ from those estimates. If interpreted differently under different conditions or circumstances, changes in our estimates could result in material changes to our reported results. We have identified below the accounting policies involving estimates that are critical to our financial statements. Other accounting policies are more fully described in Note 2 of our consolidated financial statements.

Insurance Reserves. Our accrued general and product liability reserves as described in Note 16 to consolidated financial statements involve actuarial techniques including the methods selected to estimate ultimate claims, and assumptions including emergence patterns, payment patterns, initial expected losses, and increased limit factors. These actuarial estimates are subject to a high degree of uncertainty due to a variety of factors, including extended lag time in the reporting and resolution of claims, trends or changes in claim settlement patterns, insurance industry practices, and legal interpretations. Changes to these estimates could result in material changes to the amount of expense and liabilities recorded in our financial statements. Further, actual costs could differ significantly from the estimated amounts. Adjustments to estimated reserves are recorded in the period in which the change in estimate occurs. Other insurance reserves such as workers compensation and group health insurance are based on actual historical and current claim data provided by third party administrators or internally maintained.

Goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible asset impairment testing. Our goodwill balance of $710,334,000 as of March 31, 2024 is subject to impairment testing. We test goodwill for impairment at least annually, as of the end of February, and more frequently whenever events occur or circumstances change that indicate there may be impairment. These events or circumstances could include a significant long-term adverse change in the business climate, poor indicators of operating performance, or a sale or disposition of a significant portion of a reporting unit.

We test goodwill at the reporting unit level, which is one level below our operating segment. We identify our reporting units by assessing whether the components of our operating segment constitute businesses for which discrete financial information is available and segment management regularly reviews the operating results of those components. We also aggregate components that have similar economic characteristics into single reporting units (for example, similar products and / or services, similar long-term financial results, product processes, classes of customers, or in circumstances where the components share assets or other resources and have other economic interdependencies). We have three reporting units, Linear Motion Products (formerly referred to as Duff-Norton), Rest of Products and Precision Conveyance, and have goodwill totaling $9,699,000, $304,760,000, and 395,875,000, respectively, at March 31, 2024. montratec, which was acquired in fiscal 2024 has been included in the Precision Conveyance reporting unit.

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Annual Goodwill Impairment Test

When we evaluate the potential for goodwill impairment, we assess a range of qualitative factors including, but not limited to, macroeconomic conditions, industry conditions, the competitive environment, changes in the market for our products and services, regulatory and political developments, entity specific factors such as strategy, and changes in key personnel and overall financial performance. If, after completing this assessment, it is determined that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying value, we proceed to a quantitative impairment test. We also proceed to the quantitative model when economic or other business factors indicate that the fair value of our reporting units may have declined since our last quantitative impairment test. We performed the qualitative assessment as of February 29, 2024 and determined the quantitative test should be performed for the Precision Conveyance reporting unit as the businesses in this reporting unit were recently acquired resulting in a relatively small difference between the reporting unit's book and fair value. We performed sensitivities and other analysis and determined that goodwill is not impaired as of March 31, 2024 for the Precision Conveyance reporting unit.

The qualitative assessment as of February 29, 2024 for the Rest of Products and Linear Motion Products reporting units determined it was not more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting units were less than their applicable carrying value. Accordingly, we did not perform the quantitative goodwill impairment test for the Rest of Products and Linear Motion Products reporting units during fiscal 2024.

Quantitative Test for the Precision Conveyance Group

In order to perform the quantitative impairment test for the Precision Conveyance reporting unit, we used the discounted cash flow method to estimate fair value. The discounted cash flow method incorporates various assumptions, the most significant being projected revenue growth rates, EBITDA margins and cash flows, and the weighted-average cost of capital. Management projects discounted cash flows based on the reporting unit's current business, expected developments and operational strategies over a seven-year period. In estimating the terminal growth rate, we consider our historical and projected results, as well as the economic environment in which the reporting unit operates. The weighted-average cost of capital utilized for the reporting unit reflects management’s assumptions of marketplace participants’ cost of capital and risk assumptions, both specific to the reporting unit and overall in the economy.

Testing goodwill for impairment under the quantitative method described above requires us to estimate fair value of the reporting unit using significant estimates and judgmental factors. The compound annual growth rate for revenue during the first seven years of our projections was approximately 13.0% for the Precision Conveyance reporting unit. This reflects the higher expected growth rates on our precision conveyor business compared to our other businesses. The terminal value was calculated assuming a projected growth rate of 3.0% after seven years. These rates reflect our estimate of long-term growth into perpetuity and approximate the long-term gross domestic product growth expected on a global basis as well as our normal annual price increases. The estimated weighted-average cost of capital was determined to be 13.2% for the Precision Conveyance reporting unit. This was estimated based upon an analysis of similar companies and their debt to equity mix, their related volatility and the size of their market capitalization. We also consider any additional risk of the Precision Conveyance reporting unit achieving its forecast, and adjust the weighted-average cost of capital applied when determining the reporting unit’s estimated fair value. The quantitative test results indicate that the Precision Conveyance reporting unit is not impaired as its fair value exceeds its book value by 6%.

Future changes in these estimates and assumptions could materially affect the results of our goodwill impairment tests. For example, a decline in the terminal growth rate by 100 basis points would decrease fair market value by $24,800,000, an increase in the weighted-average cost of capital by 75 basis points would result in a decrease in fair market value by $33,500,000, and an annual decrease in gross profit of 200 basis points would result in a decrease in fair value of $23,100,000 for the Precision Conveyance reporting unit. Even with such changes, the fair value of the reporting unit would be greater than its net book value as of February 29, 2024, therefore indicating no impairment.

We further test our indefinite-lived intangible asset balance of $46,254,000 consisting of trademarks for acquisitions prior to fiscal 2024. Similar to goodwill, we first assess various qualitative factors in the analysis. If, after completing this assessment, it is determined that it is more likely than not that the fair value of an indefinite-lived intangible asset is less than its carrying value, we proceed to a quantitative impairment test. We performed the qualitative assessment as of February 29, 2024 and determined that it was not more likely than not that the fair value of each of our indefinite-lived intangible assets was less than its applicable carrying value.

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Effects of New Accounting Pronouncements

Information regarding the effects of new accounting pronouncements is included in Note 21 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements included in Item 8, Financial Statements and Supplementary Data, of this Form 10-K.

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Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Market risk is the potential loss arising from adverse changes in market rates and prices, such as interest rates. We are exposed to various market risks, including commodity prices for raw materials, foreign currency exchange rates, and changes in interest rates. We may enter into financial instrument transactions, which attempt to manage and reduce the impact of such changes. We do not enter into derivatives or other financial instruments for trading or speculative purposes.

Commodity Price Risk

Our costs are affected by inflation in the U.S. economy and, to a lesser extent, in non-U.S. economies including those of Europe, Canada, Mexico, South America, and Asia-Pacific. Generally, as we experience fluctuations in our costs, we reflect these increases in costs as price increases to our customers with the goal of being margin neutral. We are currently experiencing higher raw material, freight, and logistics costs than we have seen in recent years, which we have been able to recover with pricing actions. Further, increases in U.S. employee benefits costs such as health insurance and workers compensation insurance have exceeded general inflation levels. In the future, we may be further affected by inflation that we may not be able to pass these increased costs on as price increases to our customers. However, we have been successful in the past, and we expect to be successful in the future, in instituting price increases to pass on these material cost increases. The Company is exposed to trade tariffs with China. The Company monitors the impact of tariffs and actively works to mitigate this impact through material productivity actions and pricing strategies.

Foreign Currency Exchange Risk

In fiscal 2024, 43% of our net sales were from manufacturing plants and sales offices in foreign jurisdictions. We manufacture our products in the United States, China, Germany, United Kingdom, Hungary, Mexico, and Malaysia and sell our products in over 100 countries. Our results of operations could be affected by factors such as changes in foreign currency rates or weak economic conditions in foreign markets. With our fiscal year 2017 acquisition of STAHL, we have an increased presence in the United Arab Emirates, with total assets of approximately $6,280,000. Our operating results are exposed to fluctuations between the U.S. Dollar and the Canadian Dollar, European currencies, the South African Rand, the Mexican Peso, the Brazilian Real, and the Chinese Yuan. For example, when the U.S. dollar weakens against the Euro, the value of our net sales and net income denominated in Euros increases when translated into U.S. dollars for inclusion in our consolidated results. We are also exposed to foreign currency fluctuations in relation to purchases denominated in foreign currencies. Our foreign currency risk is mitigated since the majority of our foreign operations’ net sales and the related expense transactions are denominated in the same currency, which reduces the impact of a significant change in foreign exchange rates on net income. For example, a 10% change in the value of the U.S. dollar in relation to our most significant foreign currency exposures would have had an impact of approximately $6,450,000 on our income from operations. In addition, the majority of our export sale transactions are denominated in U.S. dollars.

The Company has a cross currency swap agreement that is designated as a cash flow hedge to hedge changes in the value of an intercompany loan to a foreign subsidiary due to changes in foreign exchange rates. This intercompany loan is related to the acquisition of STAHL. As of March 31, 2024, the notional amount of this derivative was $93,910,000, and the contract matures on March 31, 2028. During fiscal 2022, the Company modified the cross currency swap by extending it to fiscal year 2028, matching the intercompany loan. The Company has concluded that the transaction to modify the cross currency swap, as well as the modified swap, maintained hedge accounting. The modified cross currency swap is considered to have an other than insignificant financing element. As such, its cash flows are classified within financing activities in the Statement of Cash Flows. From its March 31, 2024 balance of AOCL, the Company expects to reclassify approximately $148,000 out of AOCL, and into foreign currency exchange loss (gain), during the next 12 months based on the contractual payments due under this intercompany loan.

The Company has foreign currency forward agreements that are designated as cash flow hedges to hedge a portion of forecasted inventory purchases denominated in foreign currencies. As of March 31, 2024, the notional amount of these derivatives was $7,590,000, and all contracts mature by March 31, 2025. From its March 31, 2024 balance of AOCL, the Company expects to reclassify approximately $71,000 out of AOCL during the next 12 months based on the expected sales of the goods purchased.

Interest Rate Risk

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$346,434,000 as of March 31, 2024. The effective portion of the changes in fair values of the interest rate swaps is reported in AOCL and will be reclassified to interest expense over the life of the swap agreements. From its March 31, 2024 balance of AOCL, the Company expects to reclassify approximately $5,644,000 out of AOCL, and into interest expense, during the next 12 months.

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Item 8.Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.

INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Columbus McKinnon Corporation

Audited Consolidated Financial Statements as of March 31, 2024:

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm 35

Consolidated Balance Sheets 38

Consolidated Statements of Operations 39

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income 40

Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity 41

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows 42

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

1 Description of Business 43

2 Accounting Principles and Practices 43

3 Acquisitions & Disposals 47

4 Revenue & Receivables 48

5 Fair Value Measurements 52

6 Inventories 55

7 Marketable Securities and Other Investments 55

8 Property, Plant, and Equipment 56

9 Goodwill and Intangible Assets 56

10 Derivative Instruments 58

11 Accrued Liabilities and Other Non-current Liabilities 61

13 Pensions and Other Benefit Plans 64

14 Employee Stock Ownership Plan ("ESOP") 69

15 Earnings per Share and Stock Plans 69

16 Loss Contingencies 74

19 Business Segment Information 84

20 Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss 85

21 Effects of New Accounting Pronouncements 88

Schedule II – Valuation and Qualifying Accounts. 89

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Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

To the Shareholders and the Board of Directors of Columbus McKinnon Corporation

Opinion on the Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Columbus McKinnon Corporation (the Company) as of March 31, 2024 and 2023, the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income, shareholders' equity and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended March 31, 2024, and the related notes and financial statement schedule listed in the Index at Item 15(2) (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company at March 31, 2024 and 2023, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended March 31, 2024, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of March 31, 2024, based on criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework), and our report dated May 29, 2024 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.

Basis for Opinion

These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Critical Audit Matters

The critical audit matters communicated below are matters arising from the current period audit of the financial statements that were communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relate to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matters below, providing separate opinions on the critical audit matters or on the accounts or disclosures to which they relate.

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Valuation of Goodwill for the Precision Conveyance Reporting Unit

Product Liabilities and Related Legal Costs

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/s/ Ernst & Young LLP

Charlotte, North Carolina

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COLUMBUS McKINNON CORPORATION

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(In thousands, except share data)

ASSETS

Current assets:

LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

Current liabilities:

Current portion of long-term debt and finance lease obligations 50,670 40,604

Shareholders’ equity:

Accumulated other comprehensive loss (39,677) (38,043)

See accompanying notes.

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COLUMBUS McKINNON CORPORATION

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

Year Ended March 31,

(In thousands, except per share data)

Cost of debt refinancing — — 14,803

Investment (income) loss, net (1,759) (315) (46)

Foreign currency exchange loss (gain), net 1,826 (2,189) 1,574

Dividends declared per common share $ 0.28 $ 0.28 $ 0.25

See accompanying notes.

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COLUMBUS McKINNON CORPORATION

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

(In thousands)

Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:

Foreign currency translation adjustments (433) (4,273) (6,303)

See accompanying notes.

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COLUMBUS McKINNON CORPORATION

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(In thousands, except share data)

Dividends declared — — — (7,119) — (7,119)

Change in foreign currency translation adjustment — — — — (6,302) (6,302)

Change in derivatives qualifying as hedges, net of tax of $(39) — — — — 77 77

Stock compensation - directors — — 959 — — 959

Dividends declared — — — (8,014) — (8,014)

Change in foreign currency translation adjustment — — — — (4,273) (4,273)

Stock compensation - directors — — 1,194 — — 1,194

Stock compensation expense — — 9,231 — — 9,231

Dividends declared — — — (8,055) — (8,055)

Change in foreign currency translation adjustment — — — — (433) (433)

Stock compensation - directors — — 1,174 — — 1,174

See accompanying notes.

Table of Contents

COLUMBUS McKINNON CORPORATION

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

Year ended March 31,

Operating activities: (In thousands)

Deferred income taxes and related valuation allowance (15,285) (300) (1,969)

Net loss (gain) on sale of real estate, investments and other (1,431) (54) 136

Loss (gain) on hedging instruments (1,366) (438) 853

Cost of debt refinancing — — 14,803

Cost of debt repricing 958 — —

Loss on retirement of fixed asset — 175 —

Non-cash pension settlement expense (See Note 13) 4,984 — —

Gain on sale of building (See Note 3) — (232) (375)

Investing activities:

Proceeds from sales of marketable securities 3,526 3,651 4,434

Proceeds from sale of building, net of transaction costs — 373 461

Proceeds from insurance reimbursement — — 482

Dividend received from equity method investment 144 313 324

Financing activities:

Fees paid for debt repricing (958) — —

Purchases of treasury stock — (1,001) —

Fees paid for borrowing on long-term debt (2,859) — —

Proceeds from equity offering — — 207,000

Fees related to debt and equity offering — — (26,184)

Effect of exchange rate changes on cash (1,085) (1,931) (2,007)

Supplementary cash flows data:

Restricted cash presented in Other assets $ 250 $ 250 $ 250

See accompanying notes.

Table of Contents

COLUMBUS McKINNON CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(tabular amounts in thousands, except share data)

1. Description of Business

Columbus McKinnon Corporation (the "Company") is a leading worldwide designer, manufacturer, and marketer of intelligent motion solutions that efficiently and ergonomically move, lift, position, and secure materials. Key products include hoists, crane components, precision conveyor systems, accumulation tables, rigging tools, light rail workstations, and digital power and motion control systems. The Company is focused on commercial and industrial applications that require the safety and quality provided by its superior design and engineering know-how. The Company’s targeted market verticals include general industrial, construction and infrastructure, mining, oil & gas, energy, aerospace, transportation, automotive, heavy equipment manufacturing, and entertainment.

The Company’s products are sold globally, principally to third party distributors and crane builders through diverse distribution channels and, to a lesser extent, directly to end-users. During fiscal 2024, approximately 57% of sales were to customers in the United States.

2. Accounting Principles and Practices

Advertising

Costs associated with advertising are expensed as incurred and are included in Selling expense in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Advertising expenses were $2,659,000, $2,342,000, and $2,410,000 in fiscal 2024, 2023, and 2022, respectively.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

The Company considers as cash equivalents all highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less.

Concentrations of Labor

Approximately 6% of the Company’s employees are represented by two separate U.S. collective bargaining agreements which expire in September 2024 and May 2027. We also have various labor agreements with our non-U.S. employees that we negotiate from time to time.

Consolidation

These consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its global subsidiaries; all significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated.

Equity Method Investment

The Company has an investment in Eastern Morris Cranes Company Limited ("EMC"), a limited liability company organized and existing under the laws and regulations of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, whose principal activity is to manufacture various electrical overhead traveling cranes. This investment represents a minority ownership interest that is accounted for under the equity method of accounting since the Company has significant influence over the investee. As a result, the Company records its portion of the gains and losses incurred by this entity in Investment (income) loss in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Foreign Currency Translations

The Company translates foreign currency financial statements as described in Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") Topic 830, “Foreign Currency Matters.” Under this method, all items of income and expense are translated to U.S. dollars at average exchange rates during the year. All assets and liabilities are translated to

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)

(tabular amounts in thousands, except share data)

U.S. dollars at the year-end exchange rate. Gains or losses on translations are recorded in accumulated other comprehensive loss in the shareholders’ equity section of the balance sheet. The functional currency is the foreign currency in which the foreign subsidiaries conduct their business. Gains and losses from foreign currency transactions are reported in foreign currency exchange loss (gain).

Goodwill

Goodwill is not amortized but is tested for impairment at least annually, or more frequently if indicators of impairment exist, in accordance with the provisions of ASC Topic 350-20-35-1. Goodwill impairment is deemed to exist if the net book value of a reporting unit exceeds its estimated fair value. The fair value of a reporting unit is determined using a discounted cash flow methodology. The Company’s reporting units are determined based upon whether discrete financial information is available and reviewed regularly, whether those units constitute a business, and the extent of economic similarities and interdependencies between those reporting units for purposes of aggregation. The Company’s reporting units identified under ASC Topic 350-20-35-33 are at the component level, or one level below the reporting segment level as defined under ASC Topic 280-10-50-10 “Segment Reporting – Disclosure.” As of March 31, 2024, the Company’s one segment is subdivided into three reporting units. An impairment charge is recorded if the carrying value is greater than the reporting unit's fair value.

When the Company evaluates the potential for goodwill impairment, it assesses a range of qualitative factors including, but not limited to, macroeconomic conditions, industry conditions, the competitive environment, changes in the market for its products and services, regulatory and political developments, entity specific factors such as strategy and changes in key personnel, and overall financial performance. If, after completing this assessment, it is determined that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying value or if economic or other business factors indicate that the fair value of our reporting units may have declined since our last quantitative test, the Company performs a quantitative test.

In order to perform the quantitative impairment tests for the Rest of Products, Precision Conveyance and Linear Motion Products reporting units, the Company uses the discounted cash flow method to estimate fair value. The discounted cash flow method incorporates various assumptions, the most significant being projected revenue growth rates, EBITDA margins and cash flows, the terminal growth rate, and the weighted-average cost of capital. The Company projects discounted cash flows based on each reporting unit's current business, expected developments, and operational strategies over a five to seven-year period. In estimating the terminal growth rates, the Company considers its historical and projected results, as well as the economic environment in which its reporting units operate. The weighted-average cost of capital utilized for each reporting unit reflect the Company's assumptions of marketplace participants' cost of capital and risk assumptions, both specific to the reporting unit and overall in the economy.

The Company performed its qualitative assessment as of February 29, 2024 for all three reporting units and determined that a quantitative goodwill impairment test was required for the Precision Conveyance reporting unit. Based on results of both the qualitative and quantitative impairment test for the reporting units, the Company determined the fair value was not less than its carrying value. Refer to Note 5 for valuation techniques and significant inputs and Note 9 for further discussion of goodwill and intangibles.and intangible assets.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

The Company assesses impairment of its long-lived assets in accordance with the provisions of ASC Topic 360 “Property, Plant, and Equipment.” This statement requires long-lived assets, such as property and equipment and purchased intangibles subject to amortization, to be reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset group may not be recoverable. Recoverability of assets to be held and used is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of an asset group to estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected to be generated by the asset group over its remaining useful life. If the carrying amount of an asset group exceeds its estimated future cash flows, an impairment charge is recognized equal to the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset group exceeds the fair value of the asset group. The fair values are determined in accordance with ASC 820.

In assessing long-lived assets for an impairment loss, assets are grouped with other assets and liabilities at the lowest level for which identifiable cash flows are largely independent of the cash flows of other assets and liabilities. Asset grouping requires a significant amount of judgment. Accordingly, facts and circumstances will influence how asset groups are determined for impairment testing. In assessing long-lived assets for impairment, management considered the Company’s product line

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)

(tabular amounts in thousands, except share data)

portfolio, customers and related commercial agreements, labor agreements and other factors in grouping assets and liabilities at the lowest level for which identifiable cash flows are independent. The Company considers projected future undiscounted cash flows, trends and other factors in its assessment of whether impairment conditions exist. While the Company believes that its estimates of future cash flows are reasonable, different assumptions regarding such factors as future production volumes, customer pricing, economics, and productivity and cost initiatives, could significantly affect its estimates. In determining fair value of long-lived assets, management uses management estimates, discounted cash flow calculations, and appraisals where necessary. There were no indicators of impairment related to long-lived assets in the current year.

Intangible Assets

At acquisition, the Company estimates and records the fair value of purchased intangible assets which primarily consist of trade names, customer relationships, and technology. The fair values are estimated based on management’s assessment as well as independent third party appraisals. Such valuations may include a discounted cash flow of anticipated revenues resulting from the acquired intangible asset.

Amortization of intangible assets with finite lives is recognized over their estimated useful lives using an amortization method that reflects the pattern in which the economic benefits of the intangible assets are consumed or otherwise realized. The straight line method is used for customer relationships. As a result of the negligible attrition rate in our customer base, the difference between the straight line method and attrition method is not considered significant. The estimated useful lives for our intangible assets range from 1 to 25 years.

Similar to goodwill, indefinite-lived intangible assets (including trademarks on our acquisitions) are tested for impairment on an annual basis. When the Company evaluates the potential for impairment of intangible assets, it assesses a range of qualitative factors including, but not limited to, macroeconomic conditions, industry conditions, the competitive environment, changes in the market for its products and services, regulatory and political developments, entity specific factors such as strategy and changes in key personnel, and overall financial performance. If, after completing this assessment, it is determined that it is more likely than not that the fair value of an indefinite-lived intangible asset is greater than its carrying value, we conclude that the indefinite-lived intangible asset is not impaired. If, after completing this assessment, it is determined that it is more likely than not that the fair value of an indefinite-lived intangible asset is less than its carrying value or if economic or other business factors indicate that the fair value of our indefinite-lived intangible assets may have declined since our last quantitative test, the Company performs a new quantitative test. The methodology used to value trademarks is the relief from royalty method. The recorded book value of these trademarks in excess of the calculated fair value triggers an impairment. The key estimate used in this calculation consists of an overall royalty rate applied to the sales covered by the trademark. After performing a qualitative assessment as of February 29, 2024, it was determined that the trademarks were not impaired.

Inventories

Inventories are valued at the lower of cost and net realizable value. Cost of approximately 40% of inventories at March 31, 2024 and 37% at March 31, 2023 have been determined using the LIFO (last-in, first-out) method. Costs of other inventories have been determined using the FIFO (first-in, first-out) or average cost method. FIFO cost approximates replacement cost. Costs in inventory include components for direct labor and overhead costs.

Marketable Securities

The Company’s marketable securities, which consist of equity and fixed income securities, are recorded at fair value. Under ASU 2016-01 all equity investments (including certain fixed income securities) in unconsolidated entities are measured at fair value through earnings. Therefore, gains and losses on marketable securities are realized within Investment (income) loss on the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Estimated fair value is based on published trading values at the balance sheet dates. The cost of securities sold is based on the specific identification method. Interest and dividend income are also included in Investment (income) loss on the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

The marketable securities are carried as long-term assets since they are held for the settlement of the Company’s general and products liability insurance claims filed through CM Insurance Company, Inc., a wholly owned captive insurance subsidiary. The marketable securities are not available for general working capital purposes.

COLUMBUS McKINNON CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)

(tabular amounts in thousands, except share data)

Property, Plant, and Equipment

Property, plant, and equipment are stated at cost and depreciated principally using the straight-line method over their respective estimated useful lives (buildings and building equipment—15 to 40 years; machinery and equipment—3 to 18 years). When depreciable assets are retired, or otherwise disposed of, the cost and related accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts and any resulting gain or loss is reflected in operating results.

Research and Development

Consistent with prior periods, the Company continues to account for research and development expenses in accordance with the provisions of ASC 730 and are expensed as incurred.

Revenue Recognition, Accounts Receivable, and Concentration of Credit Risk

Revenue from contracts with customers for standard products is recognized when legal title and significant risk and rewards has transferred to the customer, which is generally at the time of shipment. This is the point in time when control is deemed to transfer to the customer. The Company also sells custom engineered products and services which are contracts that are typically completed within one quarter but can extend beyond one year in duration. The Company generally recognizes revenue for customer engineered products upon satisfaction of its performance obligation under the contract which typically coincides with project completion which is when the products and services are controlled by the customer. Control is typically achieved at the later of when legal title and significant risk and rewards have transferred to the customer or the customer has accepted the asset. For both standard products and custom engineered products, the transaction price is based upon the price stated in either the purchase order or contract. Refer to Note 4 for further details.

Additionally, the Company performs ongoing credit evaluations of its customers’ financial condition, but generally does not require collateral to support customer receivables. The credit risk is controlled through credit approvals, limits, and monitoring procedures. Accounts receivables are reported at net realizable value and do not accrue interest. The Company establishes an allowance for doubtful accounts based upon factors surrounding the credit risk of specific customers, historical trends, and other factors. Accounts receivable are charged against the allowance for doubtful accounts once all collection efforts have been exhausted. The Company does not routinely permit customers to return product. However, sales returns are permitted in specific situations and typically include a restocking charge or the purchase of additional product. As a result of ASU No. 2016-13, “Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments," effective in fiscal 2021, the Company has updated its existing allowance for doubtful accounts policy to comply with the new standard.

Shipping and Handling Costs

Shipping and handling costs are a component of cost of products sold.

Stock-Based Compensation

The Company records stock-based compensation in accordance with ASC Topic 718, “Compensation – Stock Compensation.” This standard requires all equity-based payments to employees, including grants of employee stock options, to be recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Operations based on the grant date fair value of the award. Stock compensation expense is included in Cost of products sold, Selling, and General and administrative expense depending on the nature of the service of the employee receiving the award. The Company uses a straight-line method of attributing the value of stock compensation expense, subject to minimum levels of expense, based on vesting. See Note 15 for further discussion of stock-based compensation.

Leases

All leases are reviewed for operating or finance classification at their inception. As described in Note 18, the Company records leases in accordance with ASC 842, "Leases," effective April 1, 2019 whereas leases with terms greater than twelve months are recorded on the balance sheet as a right-of-use ("ROU") asset and corresponding lease liability. Refer to Note 18 for further details.

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)

(tabular amounts in thousands, except share data)

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Warranties

The Company offers warranties for certain products it sells. The specific terms and conditions of those warranties vary depending upon the product sold and the country in which the Company sold the product. As noted in Note 4 to the financial statements, the Company offers standard warranties which are typically 12 months in duration for standard products and 24 to 36 months for custom engineered products. These are assurance-type warranties that do not qualify as separate performance obligations under ASC 606. The Company estimates the costs that may be incurred under its standard warranties, based largely upon actual warranty repair costs history, and records a liability in the amount of such costs in the month that revenue is recognized. The resulting accrual balance is reviewed during the year. Factors that affect the Company’s warranty liability include the number of units sold, historical and anticipated rate of warranty claims, and cost per claim.Changes in the Company’s product warranty accrual are as follows:

Balance at beginning of year $ 1,827 $ 2,173

Accrual for warranties issued 999 1,199

Foreign currency translation (60) (56)

3. Acquisitions & Disposals

Acquisitions

On May 31, 2023, the Company completed its acquisition of montratec GmbH ("montratec") for $115,721,000, including $7,576,000 in cash acquired, a $540,000 working capital settlement, and a contingent payment that becomes payable if a certain EBITDA level for the twelve-month period ended December 31, 2023 is achieved as set forth in the purchase agreement for montratec. As of March 31, 2024, the company determined the contingent liability to be $6,680,000, a decrease of $11,675,000 from the prior quarter as the amount expected to be paid in fiscal 2025 has been finalized with the prior owners. This liability has been established in the opening balance sheet for montratec. The Company initially financed the acquisition by borrowing $117,000,000 on its Amended and Restated Revolving Credit Facility, but later repaid the amount borrowed on the Amended and Restated Revolving Credit Facility by borrowing an additional $120,000,000. Utilizing the Accordion feature under the Company's existing Term Loan B, the Company borrowed $75,000,000 and another $45,000,000 was borrowed through a new credit agreement secured by the Company's U.S. accounts receivable balances. Refer to Note 12 for additional details on the Company's debt agreements.

montratec is a leading automation solutions Company that designs and develops intelligent automation and transport systems for interlinking industrial production and logistics processes. montratec product offerings complement the Company's previous acquisitions of both Dorner Mfg. Corp. ("Dorner") and Garvey Corporation ("Garvey"), and furthers the Company's shift to intelligent motion and serves as a platform to expand capabilities in advanced, higher technology automation solutions. As the Company determined that the acquisition is not material to its existing operations, certain disclosures, including pro forma financial information, have not been included. montratec results have been included in the Company's results of operations from the acquisition date and the Company incurred and $3,211,000 of acquisition and deal related costs classified as part of General and administrative expenses in the year ended March 31, 2024.

The purchase price has been preliminarily allocated to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of the date of acquisition. The excess consideration of $66,566,000 has been recorded as goodwill, a decrease of $12,377,000 from the amount preliminarily allocated to goodwill as of December 31, 2023 due to a decrease of $11,675,000 for the contingent liability described above. Other assets as well as Other current and non current liabilities increased as lease adjustments were finalized for $1,535,000. Additionally, other current and non current liabilities changed $702,000 related to a refinement in the

COLUMBUS McKINNON CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)

(tabular amounts in thousands, except share data)

calculation of deferred taxes. The identifiable intangible assets acquired include customer relationships valued at $33,470,000, a trade name valued at $2,915,000, and technology valued at $16,196,000. The weighted average life of the acquired identifiable intangible assets subject to amortization was estimated at 14 years at the time of acquisition. Of the $66,566,000 goodwill recorded from the acquisition, $7,531,000 is deductible for tax purposes.

The preliminary assignment of purchase consideration to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed is as follows (in thousands):

Working capital 4,523

Property, plant, and equipment, net 2,157

Contingent liability (see above) (6,680)

Other non current liabilities (18,241)

4. Revenue & Receivables

Revenue Recognition:

The core principle under ASC 606 is for revenue to be recognized when a customer obtains control of promised goods or services in an amount that reflects the consideration we expect to receive in exchange for those goods or services. To achieve this core principle, the Company applies the following five steps:

1) Identifying contracts with customers

A contract with a customer exists when (i) the Company enters into an enforceable contract with a customer that defines each party’s rights regarding the goods or services to be transferred and identifies the related payment terms, (ii) the contract has commercial substance, and (iii) the Company determines that collection of substantially all consideration for goods and services that are transferred is probable based on the customer’s intent and ability to pay the promised consideration.

2) Identify the performance obligations in the contract

Performance obligations promised in a contract are identified based on the products and services that will be transferred to the customer that are both capable of being distinct, whereby the customer can benefit from the good or service either on its own or together with other available resources, and are distinct in the context of the contract, whereby the transfer of the good or service is separately identifiable from other promises in the contract. To the extent a contract includes multiple promised goods and services, the Company must apply judgment to determine whether promised goods and services are capable of being distinct and distinct in the context of the contract. If these criteria are not met, the promised goods and services are accounted for as a combined performance obligation.

3) Determine the transaction price

The transaction price is determined based on the consideration to which the Company will be entitled in exchange for transferring products and services to the customer. To the extent the transaction price includes variable consideration, the Company estimates the amount of variable consideration that should be included in the transaction price utilizing either the expected value method or the most likely amount method depending on the nature of the variable consideration. Variable consideration is included in the transaction price if, in the Company’s judgment, it is probable that a significant future reversal of cumulative revenue under the contract will not occur. Any estimates, including the effect of the constraint on variable

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)

(tabular amounts in thousands, except share data)

consideration, are evaluated at each reporting period for any changes. In applying this guidance, the Company also considers whether any significant financing components exist.

4) Allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract

If the contract contains a single performance obligation, the entire transaction price is allocated to the single performance obligation. Contracts that contain multiple performance obligations require an allocation of the transaction price to each performance obligation on a relative standalone selling price basis unless the transaction price is variable and meets the criteria to be allocated entirely to a performance obligation or to a distinct service that forms part of a single performance obligation.

5) Recognize revenue when or as the Company satisfies a performance obligation

The Company determines whether it satisfies performance obligations either over time or at a point in time. Revenue is recognized over time if either 1) the customer simultaneously receives and consumes the benefits provided by the entity’s performance, 2) the entity’s performance creates or enhances an asset that the customer controls as the asset is created or enhanced, or 3) the entity’s performance does not create an asset with an alternative use to the entity and the entity has an enforceable right to payment for performance completed to date. If the entity does not satisfy a performance obligation over time, the related performance obligation is satisfied at a point in time by transferring the control of a promised good or service to a customer. Examples of control are using the asset to produce goods or services, enhancing the value of other assets, settling liabilities, and holding or selling the asset. For over time recognition, ASC 606 requires the Company to select a single revenue recognition method for the performance obligation that faithfully depicts the Company’s performance in transferring control of the goods and services. The guidance allows entities to choose between either an input method or an output method to measure progress toward complete satisfaction of a performance obligation.

Performance obligations

The Company has contracts with customers for standard products and custom engineered products and determines when and how to recognize revenue for each performance obligation based on the nature and type of contract following the five steps above.

Revenue from contracts with customers for standard products is recognized when legal title and significant risk and rewards has transferred to the customer, which is generally at the time of shipment. This is the point in time when control is deemed to transfer to the customer. The Company sells standard products to customers utilizing purchase orders. Payment terms for these types of contracts generally require payment within 30 to 60 days. Each standard product is deemed to be a single performance obligation and the amount of revenue recognized is based on the negotiated price. The transaction price for standard products is based on the price reflected in each purchase order. Sales incentives are offered to customers who purchase standard products and include offers such as volume-based discounts, rebates for priority customers, and discounts for early cash payments. These sales incentives are accounted for as variable consideration included in the transaction price. Accordingly, the Company reduces revenue for these incentives in the period which the sale occurs and is based on the most likely amount method for estimating the amount of consideration the Company expects to receive. These sales incentive estimates are updated each reporting information as additional information becomes available.

The Company also sells custom engineered products and services which are contracts that are typically completed within one quarter but can extend beyond one year in duration. For custom engineered products, the transaction price is based upon the price stated in the contract. Variable consideration has not been identified as a significant component of transaction price for custom engineered products and services. The Company generally recognizes revenue for custom engineered products upon satisfaction of its performance obligation under the contract which typically coincides with project completion which is when the products and services are controlled by the customer. Control is typically achieved at the later of when legal title and significant risk and rewards have transferred to the customer or the customer has accepted the asset. These contracts often require either up front or installment payments. These types of contracts are generally accounted for as one performance obligation as the products and services are not separately identifiable. The promised services (such as inspection, commissioning, and installation) are essential in order for the delivered product to operate as intended on the customer’s site and the services are therefore highly interrelated with product functionality.

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)

(tabular amounts in thousands, except share data)

For most custom engineered products contracts, the Company determined that while there is no alternative use for the custom engineered products, the Company does not have an enforceable right to payment (which must include a reasonable profit margin) for performance completed to date in order to meet the over time revenue recognition criteria. Therefore, revenue is recognized at a point in time (when the contract is complete). For custom engineered products contracts that contain an enforceable right to payment (including reasonable profit margin) the Company satisfies the performance obligation over time and recognizes revenue based on the extent of progress towards completion of the performance obligation. The cost-to-cost measure of progress is an appropriate measure of progress toward satisfaction of performance obligations as this measure most accurately depicts the progress of work performed and transfer of control to the customers. Under the cost-to-cost measure of progress, the extent of progress toward completion is measured based on the ratio of costs incurred to date to the total estimated costs at completion of the performance obligation. Revenues are recognized proportionally as costs are incurred.

Sales and other taxes collected with revenue are excluded from revenue, consistent with the previous revenue standard. Shipping and handling costs incurred prior to shipment are considered activities required to fulfill the Company’s promise to transfer goods, and do not qualify as a separate performance obligation. Additionally, the Company offers standard warranties which are typically 12 months in duration for standard products and 24 to 36 months for custom engineered products. These types of warranties are included in the purchase price of the product and are deemed to be assurance-type warranties which are not accounted for as a separate performance obligation. Other performance obligations included in a contract (such as drawings, owner’s manuals, and training services) are immaterial in the context of the contract and are not recognized as a separate performance obligation.

Reconciliation of contract balances

The Company records a contract liability when cash is received prior to recording revenue. Some standard contracts require a down payment while most custom engineered contracts require installment payments. Installment payments for the custom engineered contracts typically require a portion due at inception while the remaining payments are due upon completion of certain performance milestones. For both types of contracts, these contract liabilities, referred to as customer advances, are recorded at the time payment is received and are included in Accrued liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. When the related performance obligation is satisfied, the contract liability is released into revenue.

The following table illustrates the balance and related activity for customer advances in fiscal 2024 and 2023 (in thousands):

Customer advances (contract liabilities)

Additional customer advances received 68,040 67,721

Other revenue recognized from customer advances (55,311) (40,444)

Customer advances recorded from acquisition 3,866 —

(1) Other includes the impact of foreign currency translation

Revenue was recognized prior to the right to invoice the customer which resulted in a contract asset balance in the amount of $2,541,000 and $2,944,000 as of March 31, 2024 and March 31, 2023, respectively. Contract assets are included in Prepaid expenses and other assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Remaining Performance Obligations

As of March 31, 2024, the aggregate amount of the transaction price allocated to the performance obligations that are unsatisfied (or partially unsatisfied) was approximately $15,950,000. We expect to recognize approximately 53% of these sales over the next twelve months.

COLUMBUS McKINNON CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)

(tabular amounts in thousands, except share data)

Disaggregated revenue

In accordance with ASC 606, the Company is required to disaggregate revenue into categories that depict how economic factors affect the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows. The following table illustrates the disaggregation of revenue by product grouping for the years ending March 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands):

Year Ended March 31,

Industrial products include: manual chain hoists, electrical chain hoists, rigging/clamps, industrial winches, hooks, shackles, and other forged attachments. Crane solutions products include: wire rope hoists, drives and controls, crane kits and components, and workstations. Engineered products include: linear and mechanical actuators, lifting tables, rail projects, and actuations systems. Precision conveyor products include: low profile, flexible chain, large scale, sanitary and vertical elevation conveyor systems, as well as pallet system conveyors and accumulation systems. The All other product grouping includes miscellaneous revenue.

Practical expedients

Incremental costs to obtain a contract incurred by the Company primarily relate to sales commissions for contracts with a duration of one year or less. Therefore, these costs are expensed as incurred and are recorded in Selling Expenses on the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Unsatisfied performance obligations for contracts with an expected length of one year or less are not disclosed. Further, revenue from contracts with customers do not include a significant financing component as payment is generally expected within one year from when the performance obligation is controlled by the customer.

Accounts Receivable:

The Company records credit losses in accordance with “Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments” (“ASU 2016-13”). Under ASU 2016-13, the Company is required to remeasure expected credit losses for financial instruments held at the reporting date based on historical experience, current conditions and reasonable forecasts. In addition to these factors, the Company establishes an allowance for doubtful accounts based upon the credit risk of specific customers, historical trends, and other factors. Accounts receivable are charged against the allowance for doubtful accounts once all collection efforts have been exhausted. Due to the short-term nature of such accounts receivable, the estimated amount of accounts receivable that may not be collected is based on aging of the accounts receivable balances.

COLUMBUS McKINNON CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)

(tabular amounts in thousands, except share data)

The following table illustrates the balance and related activity for the allowance for doubtful accounts that is deducted from accounts receivable to present the net amount expected to be collected in the year ending March 31, 2024 and March 31, 2023 (in thousands):

Allowance for doubtful accounts 2024 2023

Less uncollectible accounts written off, net of recoveries (1,079) (3,056)

Allowance recorded from acquisition 64 —

(1) Other includes the impact of foreign currency translation

5. Fair Value Measurements

ASC Topic 820 “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures” establishes the standards for reporting financial assets and liabilities and nonfinancial assets and liabilities that are recognized or disclosed at fair value on a recurring basis (at least annually). Under these standards, fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability (i.e. the "exit price") in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date.

ASC Topic 820-10-35-37 establishes a hierarchy for inputs used in measuring fair value that maximizes the use of observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs by requiring that the most observable inputs be used when available. Observable inputs are inputs that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability developed based on market data obtained from sources independent of the Company. Unobservable inputs are inputs that reflect the Company's assumptions about the valuation techniques that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability developed based on the best information available in the circumstances. The hierarchy is separated into three levels based on the reliability of inputs as follows:

Level 1 - Valuations based on quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the Company has the ability to access. Since valuations are based on quoted prices that are readily and regularly available in an active market, valuation of these products does not entail a significant degree of judgment.

Level 2 - Valuations based on quoted prices in markets that are not active or for which all significant inputs are observable, either directly or indirectly, involving some degree of judgment.

Level 3 - Valuations based on inputs that are unobservable and significant to the overall fair value measurement. The degree of judgment exercised in determining fair value is greatest for instruments categorized in Level 3.

The availability of observable inputs can vary and is affected by a wide variety of factors, including the type of asset/liability, whether the asset/liability is established in the marketplace, and other characteristics particular to the transaction. To the extent that valuation is based on models or inputs that are less observable or unobservable in the market, the determination of fair value requires more judgment. In certain cases, the inputs used to measure fair value may fall into different levels of the fair value hierarchy. In such cases, for disclosure purposes the level in the fair value hierarchy within which the fair value measurement in its entirety falls is determined based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement in its entirety.

Fair value is a market-based measure considered from the perspective of a market participant rather than an entity-specific measure. Therefore, even when market assumptions are not readily available, assumptions are required to reflect those that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability at the measurement date.

COLUMBUS McKINNON CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)

(tabular amounts in thousands, except share data)

The Company primarily uses readily observable market data in conjunction with internally developed discounted cash flow valuation models when valuing its derivative portfolio and, consequently, the fair value of the Company’s derivatives is based on Level 2 inputs. The carrying amount of the Company's annuity contract is recorded at net asset value of the contract and, consequently, its fair value is based on Level 2 inputs and is included in other assets on the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheet. The Company uses quoted prices in an inactive market when valuing its Term Loan and, consequently, the fair value is based on Level 2 inputs.

The following table provides information regarding financial assets and liabilities measured or disclosed at fair value on a recurring basis:

Fair value measurements at reporting date using

Description At March31, 2024 (Level 1) (Level 2) (Level 3)

Assets/(Liabilities)Measured at fair value:

Derivative assets (liabilities):

Foreign exchange contracts (77) — (77) —

Disclosed at fair value:

AR Securitization facility $ (45,000) $ — $ (45,000) $ —

Fair value measurements at reporting date using

Description At March31, 2023 (Level 1) (Level 2) (Level 3)

Assets/(Liabilities)Measured at fair value:

Derivative assets (liabilities):

Foreign exchange contracts 97 — 97 —

Disclosed at fair value:

The Company did not have any non-financial assets and liabilities that are recognized at fair value on a recurring basis.

At March 31, 2024, the Term Loan and Amended and Restated Revolving Credit Facility have been recorded at carrying value which approximates fair value. In fiscal 2024, the Company also borrowed an additional $45,000,000 under a new credit agreement secured by the Company's U.S. accounts receivable balances (the "AR Securitization Facility"). The AR

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)

(tabular amounts in thousands, except share data)

Securitization Facility has been recorded at carrying value which approximates fair value. Refer to Note 12 for additional information regarding the Company's long-term debt.

Market gains, interest, and dividend income on marketable securities are recorded in investment (income) loss. Changes in the fair value of derivatives are recorded in foreign currency exchange (gain) loss or other comprehensive income (loss), to the extent that the derivative qualifies as a hedge under the provisions of ASC Topic 815. Interest and dividend income on marketable securities are measured based upon amounts earned on their respective declaration dates.

Fiscal 2024 Non-Recurring Measurements

As described in Note 9, the fair value of the net assets of the Company’s Precision Conveyor reporting unit was calculated on a non-recurring basis in Fiscal 2024. These measurements have been used to test goodwill for impairment on an annual basis under the provisions of ASC Topic 350-20-35-1 “Intangibles, Goodwill and Other – Goodwill Subsequent Measurement.”

The Fiscal 2024 goodwill impairment test consisted of determining the fair value of the Precision Conveyor reporting unit on a quantitative basis. The fair value for the Company’s reporting units cannot be determined using readily available quoted Level 1 inputs or Level 2 inputs that are observable in active markets. Therefore, the Company used a weighted discounted cash flow and market-based valuation model to estimate the fair value using Level 3 inputs. To estimate the fair value of the Precision Conveyor reporting unit, the Company used significant estimates and judgmental factors. The key estimates and factors used in the discounted cash flow valuation include revenue growth rates, EBITDA margins and cash flows based on internal forecasts and the weighted-average cost of capital used to discount future cash flows. The estimates used are disclosed below:

Precision Conveyor Reporting Unit

Compound annual growth rate 13.0%

Terminal value growth rate 3.0%

Weighted-average cost of capital 13.2%

In addition to the Company's quantitative goodwill test, assets and liabilities were preliminarily recorded at fair value on a non-recurring basis in Fiscal 2024 in connection with the acquisition of montratec described in Note 3. The estimated fair values allocated to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed relied upon fair value measurements based primarily on Level 3 inputs. The valuation techniques used to allocate fair values to working capital items; property, plant, and equipment, and identifiable intangible assets included the cost approach, market approach, and other income approaches. For identifiable intangible assets these techniques included the multi-period excess earnings approach, the relief from royalty approach, and other income approaches. The valuation techniques relied on a number of inputs which included the cost and condition of property, plant, and equipment and forecasted net sales and income.

Significant valuation inputs included an attrition rate of 10.0% for customer relationships, an estimated royalty rate of 5.0% for technology, a royalty rate of 1.0% for trademark and trade names, and a weighted average cost of capital of 12.5%.

Fiscal 2023 Non-Recurring Measurements

The fair value of the net assets of the Company’s Rest of Products, Precision Conveyor and Linear Motion Products reporting units were calculated on a non-recurring basis in Fiscal 2023. These measurements have been used to test goodwill for impairment on an annual basis under the provisions of ASC Topic 350-20-35-1 “Intangibles, Goodwill and Other – Goodwill Subsequent Measurement.”

The Fiscal 2023 goodwill impairment test consisted of determining the fair values of the Rest of Products, Precision Conveyor and Linear Motion Products reporting units on a quantitative basis. The fair value for the Company’s reporting units cannot be determined using readily available quoted Level 1 inputs or Level 2 inputs that are observable in active markets. Therefore, the Company used a weighted discounted cash flow and market-based valuation model to estimate the fair value using Level 3 inputs. To estimate the fair values of the Rest of Products, Precision Conveyor and Linear Motion Products reporting units, the Company used significant estimates and judgmental factors. The key estimates and factors used in the discounted cash flow

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)

(tabular amounts in thousands, except share data)

valuation include revenue growth rates and profit margins based on internal forecasts and the weighted-average cost of capital used to discount future cash flows. The estimates used are disclosed below:

Compound annual growth rate 6.7 % 9.8 % 9.1 %

Terminal value growth rate 3.0 % 3.0 % 3.5 %

Weighted-average cost of capital 11.8 % 13.2 % 10.4 %

6. Inventories

Inventories consisted of the following:

At cost—FIFO basis:

There were LIFO liquidations resulting in $181,000 and $162,000 of additional income in fiscal 2024 and 2023, respectively.

7. Marketable Securities and Other Investments

In accordance with ASU 2016-01 "Financial Instruments - Overall (Subtopic 825-10): Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities," all equity investments in unconsolidated entities (other than those accounted for using the equity method of account) are measured at fair value through earnings. The Company's marketable securities are recorded at their fair value, with unrealized changes in market value realized within Investment (income) loss, net on the Consolidated Statements of Operations. The impact on earnings for unrealized gains and losses was a gain of $317,000, and losses of $296,000 and $370,000 in fiscal years 2024, 2023, and 2022, respectively.

Consistent with prior periods, the estimated fair value is based on quoted prices at the balance sheet dates. The cost of securities is based on the specific identification method. Interest and dividend income are included in Investment (income) loss, net in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Marketable securities are carried as long-term assets since they are held for the settlement of the Company’s general and products liability insurance claims filed through CM Insurance Company, Inc. ("CMIC"), a wholly owned captive insurance subsidiary. The marketable securities are not available for general working capital purposes.

Net realized gains related to sales of marketable securities were $212,000 in fiscal 2024 and were not material in fiscal 2023 and 2022, respectively, and are included in Investment (income) loss in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

The Company owns a 49% ownership interest in Eastern Morris Cranes Company Limited ("EMC"), a limited liability company organized and existing under the laws and regulations of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The Company's ownership represents an equity investment in a strategic customer of STAHL serving the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The investment's carrying value is presented in Other assets in the Consolidated Balance Sheets in the amount of $3,377,000 and $2,752,000 as of March 31, 2024 and March 31, 2023, respectively, and has been accounted for as an equity method investment. The investment value was increased for the Company's ownership percentage of income earned by EMC in the amount of $890,000 and $365,000 in the twelve months ended March 31, 2024 and March 31, 2023, respectively, and is recorded in Investment (income) loss, net on the Consolidated Statement of Operations. Additionally, the investment value decreased in the amount of

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(tabular amounts in thousands, except share data)

$18,000 and $67,000 due to the effect of currency translation in the twelve months ended March 31, 2024 and March 31, 2023, respectively. Further, in the twelve months ended March 31, 2024 and March 31, 2023, EMC distributed cash dividends which the Company received 49% of pursuant to its ownership interest. The investment value was decreased for the Company's share of EMC's cash dividend in the amount of $247,000 and $313,000 in the twelve months ended March 31, 2024 and March 31, 2023, respectively, as they were determined to be a return of the Company's investment. Dividends are included in investing activities on the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows in the amount of $144,000 and $313,000 in the twelve months ended March 31, 2024 and March 31, 2023, respectively, as the distribution exceeded cumulative equity in earnings, under the cumulative earnings approach. The balance of the cash dividend is included in operating activities on the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows under the cumulative earnings approach. The March 31, 2024 and 2023 trade accounts receivable balances due from EMC are $10,300,000 and $5,083,000, respectively, and are comprised of amounts due for the sale of goods and services in the ordinary course of business.

8. Property, Plant, and Equipment

Consolidated property, plant, and equipment of the Company consisted of the following:

Land and land improvements $ 5,460 $ 5,467

Machinery, equipment, and leasehold improvements 253,643 249,379

The acquisition of montratec contributed $7,478,000 to the increase in property, plant, and equipment since March 31, 2023.

Depreciation expense was $16,549,000, $15,946,000, and $16,639,000 for the years ended March 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022, respectively.

Gross property, plant, and equipment includes capitalized software costs of 40,881,000 and $43,826,000 at March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Accumulated depreciation includes accumulated amortization on capitalized software costs of 28,443,000 and $29,809,000 at March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Amortization expense on capitalized software costs was $1,510,000, $2,132,000, and $2,399,000 during the years ended March 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022, respectively.

9. Goodwill and Intangible Assets

The Company has three reporting units as of March 31, 2024 and March 31, 2023. The Linear Motion Products reporting unit (which designs, manufactures, and sources mechanical and electromechanical actuators and rotary unions) had goodwill of $9,699,000 at March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The Rest of Products reporting unit (representing the hoist, chain, and forgings, digital power control systems, and distribution businesses) had goodwill of $304,760,000 and $306,988,000 at March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The Precision Conveyance reporting unit (which represents high-precision conveying systems) had goodwill of 395,875,000 and $327,942,000 at March 31, 2024 and March 31, 2023. The goodwill associated with the fiscal 2024 acquisition of montratec, as described in Note 3, is included in the Precision Conveyance reporting unit.

Fiscal 2024 Annual Goodwill and Intangible Asset Impairment Test

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)

(tabular amounts in thousands, except share data)

quantitative impairment test, the Company uses the discounted cash flow method to estimate the fair value of the reporting units. The discounted cash flow method incorporates various assumptions, the most significant being projected revenue growth rates, EBITDA margins and cash flows, the terminal growth rate, and the weighted-average cost of capital. The Company projects discounted cash flows based on each reporting unit's current business, expected developments, and operational strategies over a seven-year period. In estimating the terminal growth rates, the Company considers its historical and projected results, as well as the economic environment in which its reporting units operate. The weighted-average cost of capital rates utilized for each reporting unit reflect the Company's assumptions of marketplace participants' cost of capital and risk assumptions, both specific to the reporting unit and overall in the economy.

We performed the qualitative assessment as of February 29, 2024 for all three reporting units and determined that the quantitative test was required for the Precision Conveyance reporting unit. Based on results of both the qualitative and quantitative impairment tests for the reporting units, the Company determined the fair value was not less than its carrying value. Please refer to Note 5 for a discussion of the key assumptions used in the quantitative assessment.

In accordance with ASC Topic 350-30-35, indefinite-lived intangible assets that are not subject to amortization shall be tested for impairment annually or more frequently if events or circumstances indicate that it is more likely than not that an asset is impaired. Similar to goodwill, we first assess various qualitative factors in the analysis. If, after completing this assessment, it is determined that it is more likely than not that the fair value of an indefinite-lived intangible asset is greater than its carrying value, we conclude that the indefinite-lived intangible asset is not impaired. If, after completing this assessment, it is determined that it is more likely than not that the fair value of an indefinite-lived intangible asset is less than its carrying value or if economic or other business factors indicate that the fair value of our indefinite-lived intangible assets may have declined since our last quantitative test, the Company performs a new quantitative test. The methodology used to value trademarks is the relief from royalty method. The recorded book value of these trademarks in excess of the calculated fair value triggers an impairment. The key estimate used in this calculation consists of an overall royalty rate applied to the sales covered by the trademark. After performing a qualitative assessment as of February 29, 2024, we determined that the trademarks were not impaired.

A summary of changes in goodwill during the years ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 is as follows:

Working capital adjustment for Garvey $ 1,616

Garvey contingent payment reclassification $ (2,000)

Currency Translation $ (3,836)

Acquisition of montratec (Refer to Note 3) 66,566

Currency translation (861)

Goodwill is recognized net of accumulated impairment losses of $113,174,000 as of both March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Identifiable intangible assets acquired in a business combination are amortized over their estimated useful lives.

COLUMBUS McKINNON CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)

(tabular amounts in thousands, except share data)

Identifiable intangible assets at March 31, 2024 are summarized as follows (in thousands):

GrossCarrying Amount AccumulatedAmortization Net

Identifiable intangible assets at March 31, 2023 were as follows (in thousands):

Gross Carrying Amount Accumulated Amortization Net

The Company’s intangible assets that are considered to have finite lives are amortized over the period in which the assets are expected to generate future cash flows. Identifiable intangible assets acquired in a business combination are amortized over their estimated useful lives. The weighted-average amortization periods are 13 years for trademarks, 17 years for customer relationships, 15 years for acquired technology, 5 years for other, and 16 years in total. Trademarks with a book value of $46,254,000 have an indefinite useful life and are therefore not being amortized.

Total amortization expense was $29,396,000, $26,001,000, and $25,283,000 for fiscal 2024, 2023, and 2022, respectively. The increase in amortization expense in fiscal 2024 is the result of the montratec acquisition and related intangible assets acquired. Based on the current amount of intangible assets, the estimated amortization expense for each of the succeeding five years is expected to be approximately $30,020,000.

10. Derivative Instruments

The Company uses derivative instruments to manage selected foreign currency and interest rate exposures. The Company does not use derivative instruments for speculative trading purposes. All derivative instruments must be recorded on the balance sheet at fair value. For derivatives designated as cash flow hedges, the effective portion of changes in the fair value of the derivative is recorded as accumulated other comprehensive gain (loss), or “AOCL,” and is reclassified to earnings when the underlying transaction has an impact on earnings. The ineffective portion of changes in the fair value of the foreign currency forward agreements is reported in foreign currency exchange loss (gain) in the Company’s consolidated statement of operations. The ineffective portion of changes in the fair value of the interest rate swap agreements is reported in interest expense. For derivatives not designated as cash flow hedges, all changes in market value are recorded as a foreign currency exchange (gain) loss in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations. The cash flow effects of derivatives are reported within net cash provided by operating activities.

The Company is exposed to credit losses in the event of non-performance by the counterparties on its financial instruments. The counterparties have investment grade credit ratings. The Company anticipates that these counterparties will be able to fully satisfy their obligations under the contracts. The Company has derivative contracts with three counterparties as of March 31, 2024.

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)

(tabular amounts in thousands, except share data)

The Company's agreements with its counterparties contain provisions pursuant to which the Company could be declared in default of its derivative obligations. As of March 31, 2024, the Company had not posted any collateral related to these agreements. If the Company had breached any of these provisions as of March 31, 2024, it could have been required to settle its obligations under these agreements at amounts which approximate the March 31, 2024 fair values reflected in the table below. During the year ended March 31, 2024, the Company was not in default of any of its derivative obligations.

As of March 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company had no derivatives designated as net investments or fair value hedges in accordance with ASC Topic 815, “Derivatives and Hedging.”

The Company's policy is to maintain a capital structure that is comprised of 50-70% of fixed rate long-term debt and 30-50% of variable rate long-term debt. The Company has two interest rate swap agreements in which the Company receives interest at a variable rate and pays interest at a fixed rate. The most recent interest rate swap agreement was entered into in fiscal 2024 as a result of the additional debt from the montratec acquisition. The Company modified its historical interest rate swaps from London Inter-Bank Offered Rate ("LIBOR") to Secured Overnight Financing Rate ("SOFR") in the first quarter of fiscal 2024. This modification had no impact on the Company's hedge accounting and hedge designation. These interest rate swap agreements are designated as cash flow hedges to hedge changes in interest expense due to changes in the variable interest rate of the Company's variable interest debt. The amortizing interest rate swaps mature by April 30, 2028 and had a total notional amount of $346,434,000 as of March 31, 2024. The effective portion of the changes in fair values of the interest rate swaps is reported in AOCL and will be reclassified to interest expense over the life of the swap agreements. From its March 31, 2024 balance of AOCL, the Company expects to reclassify approximately $5,644,000 out of AOCL, and into interest expense, during the next 12 months.

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)

(tabular amounts in thousands, except share data)

The following is the effect of derivative instruments on the Consolidated Statements of Operation for the years ended March 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022 (in thousands):

2024 Foreign exchange contracts $ (168) Cost of products sold $ (29)

2024 Cross currency swap $ (70) Foreign currency exchange loss (gain) $ 502

2023 Foreign exchange contracts $ 57 Cost of products sold $ (201)

2023 Cross currency swap $ 5,033 Foreign currency exchange loss (gain) $ 2,332

2022 Foreign exchange contracts $ (193) Cost of products sold $ (60)

2022 Cross currency swap $ 3,548 Foreign currency exchange loss (gain) $ 7,925

The following is information relative to the Company’s derivative instruments in the Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2024 and 2023 (in thousands):

Fair Value of Asset (Liability)March 31,

Derivatives Designated asHedging Instruments Balance Sheet Location 2024 2023

Foreign exchange contracts Prepaid expenses and other $ 56 $ —

Foreign exchange contracts Other Assets — 136

Foreign exchange contracts Accrued Liabilities (133) (39)

Interest rate swap Prepaid expenses and other 7,503 7,644

Interest rate swap Other Assets — 3,218

Interest rate swap Accrued Liabilities — (387)

Interest rate swap Other non current liabilities (381) —

Cross currency swap Prepaid expenses and other 199 168

Cross currency swap Other non current liabilities (2,541) (2,270)

COLUMBUS McKINNON CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)

(tabular amounts in thousands, except share data)

11. Accrued Liabilities and Other Non-current Liabilities

Consolidated accrued liabilities of the Company consisted of the following:

Accrued general and product liability costs 4,600 4,900

Customer advances, deposits, and rebates 17,531 27,827

Current ROU lease liabilities 8,723 7,966

Consolidated other non-current liabilities of the Company consisted of the following:

Accumulated postretirement benefit obligation $695 $ 826

Accrued general and product liability costs 15,388 16,203

For the years ended March 31, 2024 and March 31, 2023, the Accrued general and product liability costs are presented gross of estimated recoveries of $7,637,000 and $8,272,000, respectively. Refer to Note 16 for additional information.

12. Debt

Consolidated long-term debt of the Company consisted of the following:

AR Securitization 45,000 —

Unamortized deferred financing costs, net (5,261) (4,508)

The Company entered into the First Lien Facilities with JPMorgan Chase Bank, PNC and Wells Fargo in connection with its Fiscal 2022 acquisition of Dorner. The First Lien Facilities consisted of the Amended and Restated Revolving Credit Facility and the Bridge Facility. Proceeds from the Bridge Facility were used, among other things, to finance the purchase price for the Dorner acquisition, pay related fees, expenses and transaction costs, and refinance the Company's borrowings under its prior Term Loan and Revolver.

COLUMBUS McKINNON CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)

(tabular amounts in thousands, except share data)

In addition to the debt borrowing described above, the Company commenced and completed an underwritten public offering of 4,312,500 shares of its common stock at a price of $48.00 per share for total gross proceeds of $207,000,000. The Company used all of the net proceeds from the equity offering to repay part of its outstanding borrowings under its Bridge Facility. The equity offering closed on May 4, 2021. Following the repayment of outstanding borrowings under the Bridge Facility, the Bridge Facility was refinanced with a syndicated Term Loan B facility (the "Term Loan B") on May 14, 2021.

The key terms of the Term Loan B facility are as follows:

1) Term Loan B: An aggregate $450,000,000 Term Loan B facility, which requires quarterly principal amortization of 0.25% with the remaining principal due at the maturity date. In addition, if the Company has Excess Cash Flow ("ECF") as defined in the Credit Agreement for the First Lien Facilities (the “First Lien Facilities Credit Agreement”), the ECF Percentage of the Excess Cash Flow for each fiscal year minus optional prepayments of the Loans (except prepayments of Revolving Loans that are not accompanied by a corresponding permanent reduction of Revolving Commitments) pursuant to Section 2.10(a) of the First Lien Facilities Credit Agreement other than to the extent that any such prepayment is funded with the proceeds of Funded Debt, shall be applied toward the prepayment of the Term Loan B facility. The ECF Percentage is defined as 50% stepping down to 25% or 0% based on the achievement of specified Secured Leverage Ratios as of the last day of such fiscal year. Further, the Company may draw additional Incremental Facilities (referred to as an "Accordion") by executing and delivering to JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. an Increased Facility Activation Notice specifying the amount of such increase requested. Lenders shall have no obligation to participate in any increase unless they agree to do so in their sole discretion.

2) Revolver: An aggregate $100,000,000 secured revolving facility which includes sublimits for the issuance of standby letters of credit, swingline loans and multi-currency borrowings in certain specified foreign currencies.

3) Fees and Interest Rates: Commitment fees and interest rates are determined on the basis of either a Eurocurrency rate or a Base rate plus an applicable margin, which is based upon the Company's Total Leverage Ratio (as defined in the First Lien Facilities Credit Agreement) in the case of Revolver loans.

4) Prepayments: Provisions permitting a Borrower to voluntarily prepay either the Term Loan B facility or Revolver in whole or in part at any time, and provisions requiring certain mandatory prepayments of the Term Loan B facility or Revolver on the occurrence of certain events which will permanently reduce the commitments under the First Lien Facilities Credit Agreement, each without premium or penalty, subject to reimbursement of certain costs of the Lenders.

5) Covenants: Provisions containing covenants required of the Company and its subsidiaries including various affirmative and negative financial and operational covenants. The key financial covenant is triggered only on any date when any Extension of Credit under the Amended and Restated Revolving Credit Facility is outstanding (excluding any Letters of Credit) (the “Covenant Trigger”), and prohibits the Total Leverage Ratio for the Reference Period ended on such date from exceeding (i) 6.75:1.00 as of any date of determination prior to June 30, 2021, (ii) 5.50:1.00 as of any date of determination on June 30, 2021 and thereafter but prior to June 30, 2022, (iii) 4.50:1.00 as of any date of determination on June 30, 2022 and thereafter but prior to June 30, 2023 and (iv) 3.50:1.00 as of any date of determination on June 30, 2023 and thereafter.

6) Collateral: Obligations under the First Lien Facilities are secured by liens on substantially all assets of the Company and its material domestic subsidiaries.

During fiscal 2024, the Company amended its Amended and Restated Revolving Credit Facility increasing the size of the Amended and Restated Revolving Credit Facility by $75,000,000 to a total of $175,000,000. The Company incurred fees of $801,000 in this transaction which have been deferred and will be amortized over the remaining term of the Amended and Restated Revolving Credit Facility. The Company borrowed against the expanded Amended and Restated Revolving Credit Facility in May of fiscal 2024 to initially fund the montratec acquisition as described in Note 3. These borrowings were fully repaid in fiscal 2024

The Company borrowed additional funds in accordance with the Accordion feature under its existing Term Loan B facility by $75,000,000 in both fiscals 2022 and 2024. Proceeds from the first Accordion were used, among other things, to finance the purchase price for the Garvey acquisition, and pay related fees, expenses, and transaction costs. Proceeds from the second Accordion were used, among other things, to repay borrowings on the Amended and Restated Revolving Credit Facility. No material amendment to the terms of the Term Loan B facility or the First Lien Facilities were necessary for the Company to

COLUMBUS McKINNON CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)

(tabular amounts in thousands, except share data)

utilize the Accordion feature. The Company recorded $892,000 in deferred financing costs on the first Accordion in Fiscal 2022 and $1,522,000 on the second Accordion in Fiscal 2024, both of which will be amortized over the remaining life of the Term Loan B. The Company borrowed against the expanded Amended and Restated Revolving Credit Facility in May of fiscal 2024 to initially fund the montratec acquisition as described in Note 3.

Further, the Company borrowed an additional $45,000,000 under a new credit agreement secured by the Company's U.S accounts receivable balances (the "AR Securitization Facility"). The total U.S accounts receivable balances which secure the AR Securitization Facility total $74,590,000 as of March 31, 2024. The Company used the proceeds from the second $75,000,000 Accordion borrowing and the $45,000,000 AR Securitization Facility to fully repay borrowings on the Amended and Restated Revolving Credit Facility prior to June 30, 2023.

The Key terms of the new AR Securitization Facility are as follows:

•The AR Securitization Facility Agreement provides for revolving loans to be made up to a maximum principal amount of $55,000,000 of which $45,000,000 was drawn as of March 31, 2024.

•The AR Securitization Facility borrowings bear interest at a floating rate equal to a one-month secured overnight funding rate (SOFR) plus 10 basis points of credit spread adjustment, plus 110 basis points.

•The AR Securitization Facility borrowings are secured by the Company's U.S. accounts receivables totaling $74,590,000 at March 31, 2024.

•The AR Securitization Facility Agreement contains customary events of default (referred to as “Amortization Events.”)

•Amounts drawn under the AR Securitization Facility may remain outstanding until the maturity date of the AR Securitization Facility on June 19, 2026. Prior to the maturity date, the Company is only required to repay principal to the extent necessary to maintain borrowing base compliance, unless an Amortization Event occurs.

As of March 31, 2024, there have been no Amortization Events triggered in the AR Securitization Facility. The Company has both the ability and intent to have the AR Securitization Facility remain outstanding for the next 12 months. As such, the Company has classified the full $45,000,000 outstanding borrowings under the AR Securitization Facility as long-term debt at March 31, 2024 demonstrated above.

In addition to the above, the Company amended the variable interest component of its Term Loan B and Amended and Restated Revolving Credit Facility to transition from LIBOR to SOFR.

On March 18, 2024, Columbus McKinnon Corporation entered into a Fourth Amendment (the “Fourth Amendment”) to the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of May 14, 2021, by and among the Company, Columbus McKinnon EMEA GmbH, the lenders from time to time party thereto, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent, and the other agents parties thereto, as amended (the “Credit Agreement”). The Fourth Amendment reduces the interest rate margin applicable under the Term Loan B by 25 basis points for both term SOFR borrowings and base rate borrowings and eliminates the Term SOFR Adjustment on the term loan B only which varied based on the interest period selected. After giving effect to the repricing, the applicable interest rate margins for the Term Loan B are 2.50% for term SOFR borrowings and 1.50% for base rate borrowings. The Company has accounted for the Fourth Amendment as a debt modification, therefore, debt repricing fees incurred in fiscal 2024 were expensed as general and administrative expenses and the deferred financing fees incurred as part of the Term Loan B (discussed below) remain unchanged.

The outstanding principal balance of the Term Loan B facility was $477,560,000 as of March 31, 2024, which includes $75,000,000 in principal balance from the Accordion exercised in the first quarter of fiscal 2024 as described above, and the outstanding balance of the Term Loan B was $462,560,000 as of March 31, 2023. The Company made $60,000,000 and $40,000,000 of principal payments on the Term Loan B during fiscal 2024 and fiscal 2023, respectively. The Company is obligated to make $4,976,000 of principal payments on the Term Loan B facility over the next 12 months plus applicable ECF payments, if required, however, plans to pay down approximately $50,000,000 in principal payments in total during such 12 month period. This amount has been recorded within the current portion of long term debt on the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheet with the remaining balance recorded as long term debt.

COLUMBUS McKINNON CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)

(tabular amounts in thousands, except share data)

There were no outstanding borrowings and $15,368,000 outstanding letters of credit issued against the Amended and Restated Revolving Credit Facility as of March 31, 2024. The outstanding letters of credit at March 31, 2024 consisted of $15,368,000 of standby letters of credit.

The gross balance of deferred financing costs on the Term Loan B facility was $7,845,000 and $6,323,000 as of March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The increase of $1,522,000 in fiscal 2024 relates to the Accordion exercise described above. The accumulated amortization balances were $2,971,000 and $1,815,000 as of March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The gross balance of deferred financing costs associated with the AR Securitization Facility was $536,000 with an accumulated amortization balance of $149,000 as of March 31, 2024.

The gross balance of deferred financing costs associated with the Amended and Restated Revolving Credit Facility was $4,828,000 as of March 31, 2024 and $4,027,000 as of March 31, 2023, respectively, which are included in Other assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. The increase in the deferred financing costs in Fiscal 2024 are related to fees incurred to increase the facility as described above. The accumulated amortization balance is $2,655,000 and $1,611,000 as of March 31, 2024 and March 31, 2023, respectively.

The principal payments obligated to be made as of March 31, 2024 on the Term Loan B facility and AR Securitization are as follows:

In connection with Dorner acquisition, the Company recorded a finance lease for a manufacturing facility in Hartland, WI under a 23 year lease agreement, which terminates in 2035. The outstanding balance on the finance lease obligation is $12,937,000 as of March 31, 2024 of which $670,000 has been recorded within the Current portion of long term debt and the remaining balance recorded within Term loan, AR securitization facility and finance lease obligations on the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheet. See Note 18, Leases, for further details.

Non-U.S. Lines of Credit and Loans

Unsecured and uncommitted lines of credit are available to meet short-term working capital needs for certain of our subsidiaries operating outside of the U.S. The lines of credit are available on an offering basis, meaning that transactions under the line of credit will be on such terms and conditions, including interest rate, maturity, representations, covenants, and events of default, as mutually agreed between our subsidiaries and the local bank at the time of each specific transaction. As of March 31, 2024, unsecured credit lines totaled approximately $2,374,000, of which $0 was drawn. In addition, unsecured lines of $13,945,000 were available for bank guarantees issued in the normal course of business of which $11,261,000 was utilized.

13. Pensions and Other Benefit Plans

The Company provides retirement plans, including defined benefit and defined contribution plans, and other postretirement benefit plans to certain employees. The Company applies ASC Topic 715 “Compensation – Retirement Benefits,” which required the recognition in pension and other postretirement benefits obligations and accumulated other comprehensive income of actuarial gains or losses, prior service costs or credits and transition assets or obligations that had previously been deferred. This statement also requires an entity to measure a defined benefit postretirement plan’s assets and obligations that determine its funded status as of the end of the fiscal year.

COLUMBUS McKINNON CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)

(tabular amounts in thousands, except share data)

Pension Plans

The Company provides defined benefit pension plans to certain employees. The Company uses March 31 as the measurement date. The following provides a reconciliation of benefit obligation, plan assets, and funded status of the plans:

Change in benefit obligation:

Foreign exchange rate changes (331) (2,151)

Change in plan assets:

Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year $ 231,667 $ 271,985

Actual gain (loss) on plan assets 4,328 (20,735)

Foreign exchange rate changes (4) (399)

During fiscal 2024, the Company terminated both of its Canadian pension plans and began the process to terminate one of its U.S. pension plans. For the U.S. plan, lump sum payments were made to eligible participants who elected to receive them. The lump sum payments were paid during the third and fourth quarters of fiscal 2024. These lump sum payments along with the overall termination of the two Canadian plans resulted in a settlement charge of $4,984,000 which was recorded in Other (income) expense, net on the Consolidated Statements of Operations. The Company expects to complete the termination of the U.S. plan in fiscal year 2025.

Amounts recognized in the consolidated balance sheets are as follows:

Accumulated other comprehensive loss, before tax 16,229 17,169

Other assets are presented separately from pension liabilities for pension plans that are over funded.

COLUMBUS McKINNON CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (Continued)

(tabular amounts in thousands, except share data)

Net periodic pension cost included the following components:

Year Ended March 31,

Service costs—benefits earned during the period $ 512 $ 707 $ 980

Net periodic pension cost (benefit) $ 7,945 $ 1,964 $ (470)

Information for pension plans with a projected benefit obligation in excess of plan assets is as follows:

Information for pension plans with an accumulated benefit obligation in excess of plan assets is as follows:

Unrecognized gains and losses are amortized through March 31, 2024 on a straight-line basis over the average remaining service period of active participants. Starting in fiscal 2016, the Company changed the amortization period of its largest plan to the average remaining lifetime of inactive participants, as a significant portion of the plan population is now inactive. This change increases the amortization period of the unrecognized gains and losses.

The weighted-average assumptions in the following table represent the rates used to develop the actuarial present value of the projected benefit obligation for the year listed and also net periodic pension cost for the following year:

Expected long-term rate of return on plan assets 5.27 % 4.13 % 4.70 %

Rate of compensation increase on active plans 3.00 % 3.00 % 2.76 %

Interest crediting rates used in cash balance pension plans 4.95 % 4.04 % 1.05 %

The expected rates of return on plan asset assumptions are determined considering long-term historical averages and real returns on each asset class.

The Company’s retirement plan target and actual asset allocations are as follows:

CMCO US Equity

CMCO · 10-K · period ended 2024-03-31

Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Item 8.Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.

CMCO US Equity☆

CMCO · 10-K · period ended 2024-03-31

Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Item 8.Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.

CMCO US Equity