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Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

FORWARD LOOKING STATEMENTS

Statements in this annual report that are not statements of historical fact are forward-looking statements which are made in good faith by us. Forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to: (1) projections of revenues, income or loss, earnings or loss per common share, capital structure and other financial items; (2) plans and objectives of the management or Boards of Directors of CF Bankshares Inc. (the “Holding Company”) or CFBank, National Association (“CFBank” and, together with the Holding Company, the “Company”); (3) statements regarding future events, actions or economic performance; and (4) statements of assumptions underlying such statements. Words such as "estimate," "strategy," "may," "believe," "anticipate," "expect," "predict," "will," "intend," "plan," "targeted," and the negative of these terms, or similar expressions, are intended to identify forward-looking statements, but are not the exclusive means of identifying such statements. Various risks and uncertainties may cause actual results to differ materially from those indicated by our forward-looking statements, including, without limitation, those risks detailed from time to time in our reports filed with the SEC, including those identified in “Item 1A. Risk Factors” of Part I in this Form 10-K.

Forward-looking statements are not guarantees of performance or results. A forward-looking statement may include a statement of the assumptions or bases underlying the forward-looking statement. We believe that we have chosen these assumptions or bases in good faith and that they are reasonable. We caution you, however, that assumptions or bases almost always vary from actual results, and the differences between assumptions or bases and actual results can be material. The forward-looking statements included in this quarterly report speak only as of the date of the report. We undertake no obligation to publicly release revisions to any forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances after the date of such statements, except to the extent required by law.

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CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL DATA

The following information should be read in conjunction with our Consolidated Financial Statements, the related Notes and Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations contained in this report.

At December 31,

(Dollars in thousands)

Selected Financial Condition Data:

Foreclosed assets - - - 38 -

For the year ended December 31,

(Dollars in thousands)

Summary of Operations:

Provision for loan and lease losses (1,600) 10,915 - - -

Noninterest income:

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At or for the year ended December 31,

(Dollars in thousands)

Selected Financial Ratios and Other Data:

Performance Ratios (2)

Average rate paid on interest-bearing liabilities 0.95% 1.64% 2.38% 1.71% 1.14%

Common stock dividend payout ratio 4.69% 0.67% n/m n/m n/m

Capital Ratios: (2)

Asset Quality Ratios: (2)

Allowance for loan and lease losses to total loans 1.26% 1.87% 1.06% 1.26% 1.69%

Per Share Data: (10)

Dividends declared per common share 0.13 0.03 - - -

(7) Regulatory capital ratios of CFBank.

(9) Nonperforming assets consist of nonperforming loans and foreclosed assets.

n/m - not meaningful

Business Overview

The Holding Company is a financial holding company that owns 100% of the stock of CFBank, which was formed in Ohio in 1892 and converted from a federal savings association to a national bank on December 1, 2016. Prior to December 1, 2016, the Holding Company was a registered savings and loan holding company. Effective as of December 1, 2016 and in conjunction with the conversion of

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CFBank to a national bank, the Holding Company became a registered bank holding company and elected financial holding status with the Federal Reserve Board (the “FRB”). Effective as of July 27, 2020, the Company changed its name from Central Federal Corporation to CF Bankshares Inc.

CFBank focuses on serving the financial needs of closely held businesses and entrepreneurs, by providing comprehensive Commercial, Retail, and Mortgage Lending services presence. In all regional markets, CFBank provides commercial loans and equipment leases, commercial and residential real estate loans and treasury management depository services, residential mortgage lending, and full-service commercial and retail banking services and products. CFBank seeks to differentiate itself from its competitors by providing individualized service coupled with direct customer access to decision-makers, and ease of doing business. We believe that CFBank matches the sophistication of much larger banks, without the bureaucracy.

Most of our deposits and loans come from our market areas. Our principal market area for loans and deposits includes the following counties: Franklin County through our office in Worthington, Ohio and our loan production office in Columbus, Ohio; Hamilton County through our offices in Glendale and Blue Ash, Ohio; Cuyahoga County, through our office in Woodmere, Ohio; Summit County through our office in Fairlawn, Ohio and Marion County, Indiana through our presence in Indianapolis. Because of CFBank’s concentration of business activities in Ohio, the Company’s financial condition and results of operations depend in large part upon economic conditions in Ohio.

COVID-19 Impact. The World Health Organization declared the coronavirus COVID-19 a pandemic in March 2020. The impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic have resulted in, among other things, stock and global market declines, disruption in business and leisure activities as stay-at-home orders were mandated by state and local governments, significant strain on the health care industry as it addressed the severity of the health crisis, and shifts in the general economy (such as high unemployment, negative GDP expectations, a decline in the Federal funds rates, and unprecedented government stimulus). The dramatic events surrounding the pandemic and the uncertainty about the longevity of the pandemic’s affects will continue to impact future expectations about credit costs and margins and noninterest expenses.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, we have assisted numerous existing and new customers through our participation in the Paycheck Protection Program (“PPP”) and by providing temporary loan modifications to loan customers. CFBank originated approximately $126 million of PPP loans during the second quarter of 2020 to over 550 borrowers. The PPP loans provided low interest rates (1%) and potentially forgivable funds to small businesses and are fully guaranteed by the SBA, warranting no credit loss provision. Using the PPP loans as collateral, CFBank funded nearly all of the PPP loans through loans obtained under the Federal Reserve Board’s Paycheck Protection Program Liquidity Facility (“PPPLF”), which carry a low interest rate of 0.35%. CFBank’s loans through the PPPLF totaled $450,000 at December 31, 2021 and $107.4 million at December 31, 2020. PPP loans are given a zero risk-weight in regulatory risk-based capital ratios. Also, to the extent the PPP loans are funded through the PPPLF, they are also excluded from average assets for purposes of calculating CFBank’s regulatory leverage ratio. Since the pandemic started, CFBank granted payment modifications on loans totaling approximately $100 million (or approximately 12% of outstanding loan balances). At December 31, 2021, there were no remaining loans on payment deferrals.

Amid the uncertainty related to the COVID-19 pandemic, CFBank significantly increased the allowance for loan and lease losses during 2020 to account for the dramatically changing circumstances that continue to evolve.

Also in response to COVID-19, the Company modified its business practices with a portion of employees working remotely from their homes for a period of time to limit interruptions to operations as much as possible and to help reduce the risk of COVID-19 infecting entire departments. The Company has promoted social distancing, frequent hand washing and thorough disinfection of all surfaces. CFBank’s financial service location lobbies were closed for periods of time except for advance appointments only, however, lobbies have since reopened.

Repositioning of Residential Mortgage Business Model. In early 2021, a shift in the mortgage industry resulted in significantly fewer refinance opportunities and lower margins on residential mortgage loans. In response, the Company has strategically scaled down its Residential Mortgage Business. Our Commercial Banking Business continues to experience strong growth and has become the primary driver of our earnings and performance.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

We follow financial accounting and reporting policies that are in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles and conform to general practices within the banking industry. These policies are presented in Note 1 to our Consolidated Financial Statements. Some of these accounting policies are considered to be critical accounting policies, which are those policies that are both most important to the portrayal of the Company’s financial condition and results of operations, and require management’s most difficult, subjective or complex judgments, often as a result of the need to make estimates about the effect of matters that are inherently uncertain. Application of assumptions different than those used by management could result in material changes in our

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financial condition or results of operations. These policies, current assumptions and estimates utilized, and the related disclosure of this process, are determined by management and routinely reviewed with the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors. We believe that the judgments, estimates and assumptions used in the preparation of the consolidated financial statements were appropriate given the factual circumstances at the time.

We have identified accounting policies that are critical accounting policies, and an understanding of these policies is necessary to understand our financial statements. The following discussion details the critical accounting policies and the nature of the estimates made by management.

Determination of the allowance for loan and lease losses.The ALLL represents management’s estimate of probable incurred credit losses in the loan portfolio at each balance sheet date. The allowance consists of general and specific components. The general component covers loans not classified as impaired and is based on historical loss experience, adjusted for current factors. Current factors considered include, but are not limited to, management’s oversight of the portfolio, including lending policies and procedures; nature, level and trend of the portfolio, including past due and nonperforming loans, loan concentrations, loan terms and other characteristics; current economic conditions and outlook; collateral values; and other items. The specific component of the ALLL relates to loans that are individually classified as impaired. Loans exceeding policy thresholds are regularly reviewed to identify impairment. A loan is impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable that CFBank will be unable to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. Loans for which the terms have been modified resulting in a concession, and for which the borrower is experiencing financial difficulties, are considered troubled debt restructurings and classified as impaired. Determining whether a loan is impaired and whether there is an impairment loss requires judgment and estimates, and the eventual outcomes may differ from estimates made by management. The determination of whether a loan is impaired includes: review of historical data; judgments regarding the ability of the borrower to meet the terms of the loan; an evaluation of the collateral securing the loan and estimation of its value, net of selling expenses, if applicable; various collection strategies; and other factors relevant to the loan or loans. Impairment is measured based on the fair value of collateral, less costs to sell, if the loan is collateral dependent, or alternatively, the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective rate, if the loan is not collateral dependent. When the selected measure is less than the recorded investment in the loan, an impairment loss is recorded. As a result, determining the appropriate level for the ALLL involves not only evaluating the current financial situation of individual borrowers or groups of borrowers, but also current predictions about future events that could change before an actual loss is determined. Based on the variables involved and the fact that management must make judgments about outcomes that are inherently uncertain, the determination of the ALLL is considered to be a critical accounting policy. Additional information regarding this policy is included in the previous section titled “Financial Condition - Allowance for loan and lease losses” and in Notes 1, 4 and 6 in the accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

Fair value of financial instruments. Another critical accounting policy relates to fair value of financial instruments, which are estimated using relevant market information and other assumptions. Fair value estimates involve uncertainties and matters of significant judgment regarding interest rates, credit risk, prepayments, and other factors, especially in the absence of broad markets for particular items. Changes in assumptions or in market conditions could significantly affect the estimates. Additional information is included in Notes 1 and 6 in the accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

Mortgage banking derivatives. Another critical accounting policy relates to the fair value of mortgage banking derivatives. Mortgage banking derivatives include two types of commitments: rate lock commitments and forward loan commitments. The fair values of these mortgage derivatives are based on anticipated gains on the underlying loans and are based on valuation models using observable market data as of the measurement date. Changes in the fair value of the derivatives are reported currently in earnings, as other noninterest income. Changes in assumptions or in market conditions could significantly affect the estimates. Additional information is included in Notes 1, 6 and 18 in the accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

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General

Our net income is dependent primarily on net interest income, which is the difference between the interest income earned on loans and securities and our cost of funds, consisting of interest paid on deposits and borrowed funds. Net interest income is affected by regulatory, economic and competitive factors that influence interest rates, loan demand, the level of nonperforming assets and deposit flows.

Net income is also affected by, among other things, provisions for loan and lease losses, loan fee income, service charges, gains on loan sales, operating expenses, and taxes. Operating expenses principally consist of employee compensation and benefits, occupancy, advertising and marketing, data processing, professional fees, FDIC insurance premiums and other general and administrative expenses. Our results of operations are significantly affected by general economic and competitive conditions, changes in market interest rates and real estate values, government policies and actions of regulatory authorities. Our regulators have extensive discretion in their supervisory and enforcement activities, including the authority to impose restrictions on our operations, to classify our assets and to require us to increase the level of our allowance for loan and lease losses. Any change in such regulation and oversight, whether in the form of regulatory policy, regulations, legislation or supervisory action, may have a material impact on our business, financial condition, results of operations and/or cash flows.

Management’s discussion and analysis represents a review of our consolidated financial condition and results of operations for the periods presented. This review should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and related notes.

Financial Condition

General.Assets totaled $1.5 billion at December 31, 2021 and increased $18.6 million, or 1.3%, from $1.5 billion at December 31, 2020. The increase was primarily due to a $318.8 million increase in net loan balances, partially offset by a $255.2 million decrease in loans held for sale and a $55.0 million decrease in cash and cash equivalents.

Cash and cash equivalents.Cash and cash equivalents totaled $166.6 million at December 31, 2021, and decreased $55.0 million, or 24.8%, from $221.6 million at December 31, 2020. The decrease in cash and cash equivalents was primarily attributed to an increase in net loans, partially offset by an increase in deposits and decreases in loans held for sale, FHLB advances and other debt.

Securities.Securities available for sale totaled $16.3 million at December 31, 2021, and increased $7.6 million, or 87.9%, compared to $8.7 million at December 31, 2020. The increase was due to security purchases, partially offset by principal maturities. Equity securities totaled $5.0 million at December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020.

Loans held for sale.Loans held for sale totaled $28.0 million at December 31, 2021 and decreased $255.2 million, or 90.1%, from $283.2 million at December 31, 2020. The decrease is the result of the Company’s decision to strategically scale down its Residential Mortgage Business in response to the shift in the mortgage industry.

Loans and Leases.Net loans and leases totaled $1.2 billion at December 31, 2021, and increased $318.8 million, or 35.6%, from $895.3 million at December 31, 2020. The increase was primarily due to a $198.9 million increase in single-family residential loan balances, an $82.5 million increase in commercial real estate loan balances, a $31.4 million increase in multi-family loan balances, a $2.9 million increase in construction loans balances, and a $2.9 million increase in consumer loan balances, partially offset by a $1.4 million decrease in commercial loan balances. The increases in the aforementioned loan balances were related to increased sales activity and new relationships. The decrease in commercial loan balances was primarily the result of PPP loan repayments of $104.8 million, partially offset by new and increased relationships.

CFBank previously participated in a Mortgage Purchase Program with Northpointe Bank (Northpointe), a Michigan banking corporation, from December 2012 until CFBank discontinued its participation in the program in the first quarter of 2021. Pursuant to the terms of a participation agreement, CFBank purchased participation interests in loans made by Northpointe related to fully underwritten and pre-sold mortgage loans originated by various prescreened mortgage brokers located throughout the U.S. The underlying loans were individually (MERS) registered loans which were held until funded by the end investor. The mortgage loan investors included Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, and other major financial institutions. This process on average took approximately 14 days. Given the short-term holding period of the underlying loans, common credit risks (such as past due, impairment and TDR, nonperforming, and nonaccrual classification) were substantially reduced. Therefore, no allowance was allocated by CFBank to these loans. These loans were 100% risk rated for CFBank capital adequacy purposes. Under the participation agreement, CFBank agreed to purchase a 95% ownership/participation interest in each of the aforementioned loans, and Northpointe maintained a 5% ownership interest in each loan it participated. CFBank exited this program during the first quarter 2021. For the year ended December 31, 2021, loan origination activity totaled $5.0 million and payoffs for the same period totaled $20.7 million. At December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, CFBank held $0 and $15.7 million, respectively, of such loans which are included in single-family residential loan totals.

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Allowance for loan and lease losses (ALLL). The allowance for loan and lease losses totaled $15.5 million at December 31, 2021, and decreased $1.5 million, or 8.9%, from $17.0 million at December 31, 2020. The decrease in the ALLL is due to negative provision expense of $1.6 million, coupled with net recoveries of $86,000 during the year ended December 31, 2021. The ratio of the ALLL to total loans was 1.26% at December 31, 2021, compared to 1.87% at December 31, 2020. The ratio of the ALLL to total loans, excluding loan balances subject to SBA guarantees, was 1.27% at December 31, 2021, compared to 2.15% at December 31, 2020.

The ALLL is a valuation allowance for probable incurred credit losses. The ALLL methodology is designed as part of a thorough process that incorporates management’s current judgments about the credit quality of the loan portfolio into a determination of the ALLL in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles and supervisory guidance. Management analyzes the adequacy of the ALLL quarterly through reviews of the loan portfolio, including the nature and volume of the loan portfolio and segments of the portfolio; industry and loan concentrations; historical loss experience; delinquency statistics and the level of nonperforming loans; specific problem loans; the ability of borrowers to meet loan terms; an evaluation of collateral securing loans and the market for various types of collateral; various collection strategies; current economic conditions, trends and outlook; and other factors that warrant recognition in providing for an adequate ALLL. Based on the variables involved and the significant judgments management must make about outcomes that are uncertain, the determination of the ALLL is considered to be a critical accounting policy. See the section below titled “Critical Accounting Policies” for additional discussion.

The ALLL consists of specific and general components. The specific component relates to loans that are individually classified as impaired. A loan is impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable that CFBank will be unable to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. Substandard loans of all classes within the commercial, commercial real estate, construction and multi-family residential loan segments, regardless of size, are individually evaluated for impairment when they are 90 days past due, or earlier than 90 days past due if information regarding the payment capacity of the borrower indicates that payment in full according to the loan terms is doubtful. If a loan is impaired, a portion of the allowance is allocated so that the loan is reported, net, at the present value of estimated future cash flows using the loan’s existing rate, or at the fair value of collateral, less costs to sell, if repayment is expected solely from the collateral. Large groups of smaller balance loans, such as consumer and single-family residential real estate loans, are collectively evaluated for impairment, and accordingly, they are not separately identified for impairment disclosures. Loans within any class for which the terms have been modified resulting in a concession, and for which the borrower is experiencing financial difficulties, are considered troubled debt restructurings (TDRs) and are classified as impaired. See Notes 1 and 4 in the accompanying Notes to consolidated financial statements for additional information regarding the ALLL.

Individually impaired loans totaled $3.0 million at December 31, 2021, and decreased $112,000, or 3.6%, from $3.1 million at December 31, 2020. The decrease was primarily due to paydowns. The amount of the ALLL specifically allocated to individually impaired loans totaled $20,000 at December 31, 2021 and $23,000 at December 31, 2020. The decrease in the ALLL specifically allocated to impaired loans was primarily due to management’s updated analysis.

The specific reserve on impaired loans is based on management’s estimate of the present value of estimated future cash flows using the loan’s effective rate or the fair value of collateral, if repayment is expected solely from the collateral. On at least a quarterly basis, management reviews each impaired loan to determine whether it should have a specific reserve or partial charge-off. Management relies on appraisals or internal evaluations to help make this determination. Determination of whether to use an updated appraisal or internal evaluation is based on factors including, but not limited to, the age of the loan and the most recent appraisal, condition of the property and whether we expect the collateral to go through the foreclosure or liquidation process. Management considers the need for a downward adjustment to the valuation based on current market conditions and on management’s analysis, judgment and experience. The amount ultimately charged-off for these loans may be different from the specific reserve, as the ultimate liquidation of the collateral and/or projected cash flows may be different from management’s estimates.

Nonperforming loans, which are nonaccrual loans and loans 90 days past due but still accruing interest, totaled $997,000 at December 31, 2021, and increased $302,000 from $695,000 at December 31, 2020. The increase was primarily due to one consumer loan and one mortgage loan going into nonaccrual status during the third quarter, partially offset by two consumer loans being returned to accrual status during the first quarter and one single family residential loan paying off in the second quarter. The ratio of nonperforming loans to total loans was 0.08% at December 31, 2021, compared to 0.08% at December 31, 2020.

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The following table presents information regarding the number and balance of nonperforming loans at December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020.

# of loans Balance # of loans Balance

(dollars in thousands)

Single-family residential real estate 3 656 3 421

Commercial real estate - - - -

Home equity lines of credit 2 194 3 84

Nonaccrual loans include some nonperforming loans that were previously modified and identified as TDRs. TDRs included in nonaccrual loans totaled $147,000 at December 31, 2021 and $190,000 at December 31, 2020. The decrease in TDRs included in nonaccrual loans was due to principal payments.

Nonaccrual loans at December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020 do not include $2.8 million and $2.9 million, respectively, of TDRs where customers have established a sustained period of repayment performance, generally six months, loans are current according to their modified terms and repayment of the remaining contractual payments is expected. These loans are included in total impaired loans. See Notes 1 and 4 in the accompanying Notes to consolidated financial statements for additional information regarding impaired loans and nonperforming loans.

The general reserve component of our ALLL covers non-impaired loans of all classes and is based on historical loss experience adjusted for current factors. The historical loss experience is determined by loan class and is based on the actual loss history experienced by CFBank over a three-year period. The general component is calculated based on CFBank’s loan balances and actual three-year historical loss rates. For loans with little or no actual loss experience, industry estimates are used based on loan segment. This actual loss experience is supplemented with other economic and judgmental factors based on the risks present for each loan class. These economic and judgmental factors include consideration of the following: levels of and trends in delinquencies and impaired loans; levels of and trends in charge-offs and recoveries; trends in volume and terms of loans; effects of any changes in risk selection and underwriting standards; other changes in lending policies, procedures, and practices; experience, ability, and depth of lending management and other relevant staff; national and local economic trends and conditions; industry conditions; and effects of changes in credit concentrations.

Management’s loan review process is an integral part of identifying problem loans and determining the ALLL. We maintain an internal credit rating system and loan review procedures specifically developed as the primary credit quality indicator to monitor credit risk for commercial, commercial real estate and multi-family residential real estate loans. We analyze these loans individually and categorize loans into risk categories based on relevant information about the ability of borrowers to service their debt, such as current financial information, historical payment experience, credit documentation, public information and current economic trends, among other factors. Credit reviews for these loan types are generally performed at least annually, and more often for loans with higher credit risk. Loan officers maintain close contact with borrowers between reviews. Adjustments to loan risk ratings are based on the reviews and at any time information is received that may affect risk ratings. Additionally, an independent third party review of commercial, commercial real estate and multi-family residential loans is performed at least annually. Management uses the results of these reviews to help determine the effectiveness of the existing policies and procedures and to provide an independent assessment of our internal loan risk rating system.

We have incorporated the regulatory asset classifications as a part of our credit monitoring and internal loan risk rating system. In accordance with regulations, problem loans are classified as special mention, substandard, doubtful or loss, and the classifications are subject to review by the regulators. Assets designated as special mention are considered criticized assets. Assets designated as substandard, doubtful or loss are considered classified assets. See Note 4 in the accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information regarding descriptions of the regulatory asset classifications.

The level of total criticized and classified loans decreased by $8.0 million, or 56.7%, during the twelve months ended December 31, 2021 primarily due to payoffs. Loans designated as special mention decreased $7.0 million, or 74.4%, and totaled $2.4 million at December 31, 2021, compared to $9.4 million at December 31, 2020. Loans classified as substandard decreased $1.0 million, or 21.5%, and totaled $3.6 million at December 31, 2021, compared to $4.6 million at December 31, 2020. One commercial loan totaling $147,000 was classified as doubtful at December 31, 2021 compared to $190,000 at December 31, 2020. See Note 4 in the accompanying Notes to consolidated financial statements for additional information regarding risk classification of loans.

In addition to credit monitoring through our internal loan risk rating system, we also monitor past due information for all loan segments. Loans that are not rated under our internal credit rating system include groups of homogenous loans, such as single-family

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residential real estate loans and consumer loans. The primary credit indicator for these groups of homogenous loans is past due information.

Total past due loans increased $1.4 million, and totaled $3.6 million at December 31, 2021, compared to $2.2 million at December 31, 2020. Past due loans totaled 0.3% of the loan portfolio at December 31, 2021, compared to 0.2% at December 31, 2020. See Note 4 in the accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included for additional information regarding loan delinquencies.

All lending activity involves risk of loss. Certain types of loans, such as option adjustable-rate mortgage (ARM) products, junior lien mortgages, high loan-to-value ratio mortgages, interest only loans, subprime loans and loans with initial teaser rates, can have a greater risk of non-collection than other loans. CFBank has not engaged in subprime lending or used option ARM products.

Loans that contain interest only payments may present a higher risk than those loans with an amortizing payment that includes periodic principal reductions. Interest only loans are primarily commercial lines of credit secured by business assets and inventory, and consumer home equity lines of credit secured by the borrower’s primary residence. Due to the fluctuations in business assets and inventory of our commercial borrowers, CFBank has increased risk due to a potential decline in collateral values without a corresponding decrease in the outstanding principal. Interest only commercial lines of credit totaled $120.1 million, or 35.6%, of CFBank’s commercial portfolio at December 31, 2021, compared to $83.1 million, or 24.6%, at December 31, 2020. Interest only home equity lines of credit totaled $23.9 million, or 98.7%, of the total home equity lines of credit at December 31, 2021 compared to $20.2 million, or 96.5%, at December 31, 2020.

We believe the ALLL is adequate to absorb probable incurred credit losses in the loan portfolio as of December 31, 2021; however, future additions to the allowance may be necessary based on factors including, but not limited to, deterioration in client business performance, recessionary economic conditions, declines in borrowers’ cash flows and market conditions which result in lower real estate values, including any of the foregoing that may result from the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and/or the effects of various governmental responses to the pandemic, including stimulus packages and programs. Additionally, various regulatory agencies, as an integral part of their examination process, periodically review the ALLL. Such agencies may require additional provisions for loan losses based on judgments and estimates that differ from those used by management, or on information available at the time of their review. Management continues to diligently monitor credit quality in the existing portfolio and analyze potential loan opportunities carefully in order to manage credit risk. An increase in loan losses could occur if economic conditions and factors which affect credit quality, real estate values and general business conditions worsen or do not improve.

Foreclosed assets. There were no foreclosed assets at December 31, 2021 or December 31, 2020. The level of foreclosed assets and charges to foreclosed assets expense may change in the future in connection with workout efforts related to foreclosed assets, nonperforming loans and other loans with credit issues.

Premises and equipment. Premises and equipment, net, totaled $5.9 million at December 31, 2021, and increased $2.2 million, or 57.4%, from $3.7 million at December 31, 2020. See Note 8, Premises and Equipment, in the accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.

Deposits. Deposits totaled $1.2 billion at December 31, 2021, an increase of $133.3 million, or 12.0%, from $1.1 billion at December 31, 2020. The increase is primarily due to a $137.4 million increase in checking account balances and a $26.1 million increase in certificate of deposit account balances, partially offset by a $14.7 million decrease in money market account balances, and a $15.5 million decrease in savings account balances. Noninterest-bearing deposit accounts increased $86.2 million to $284.9 million from from $198.7 million at December 31, 2020.

CFBank is a participant in the Certificate of Deposit Account Registry Service® (CDARS) and Insured Cash Sweep (ICS) programs offered through Promontory Interfinancial Network. Promontory works with a network of banks to offer products that can provide FDIC insurance coverage in excess of $250,000 through these innovative products. Brokered deposits, including CDARS and ICS deposits that qualify as brokered, totaled $278.1 million at December 31, 2021, and increased $109.4 million, or 64.8% from $168.7 million at December 31, 2020. Customer balances in the CDARS reciprocal and ICS reciprocal programs, which do not qualify as brokered, totaled $58.4 million at December 31, 2021 and increased $11.5 million, or 24.4%, from $46.9 million at December 31, 2020.

FHLB advances and other debt. FHLB advances and other debt totaled $89.7 million at December 31, 2021, a decrease of $124.7 million when compared to $214.4 million at December 31, 2020. The decrease was primarily due to a $107.0 million decrease in PPPLF advances and a $70.0 million decrease in the outstanding balance under CFBank’s warehouse facility, partially offset by a $37.5 million increase in FHLB advances and a $14.8 million increase in our Holding Company credit facility.

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2026, and the interest rate then converts to a floating rate equal to PRIME with a floor of 3.25%. The purpose of the credit facility is to provide an additional source of liquidity for the Holding Company and to provide funds for the Holding Company to downstream as additional capital to CFBank to support growth. As of December 31, 2021, the Company had an outstanding balance, net of unamortized debt issuance costs, of $24.3 million on the facility.

At December 31, 2021, CFBank had availability in unused lines of credit at two commercial banks in the amounts of $50.0 million and $15.0 million. There were no outstanding borrowings on either line at December 31, 2021 or December 31, 2020.

During 2019, CFBank entered into a $25.0 million warehouse facility with a commercial bank. The warehouse facility was used to periodically fund loans held for sale from the close (funding) date until they were sold in the secondary market. Borrowings on the facility bore interest at the greater of the 30-day LIBOR plus 2.00%, or 4.00% and were secured by the specific loans that were funded. This warehouse facility, which was closed during the third quarter of 2021, had no outstanding balance at December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020.

During 2020, CFBank entered into an additional $75 million warehouse facility with a commercial bank. The purpose of this warehouse facility was to periodically fund loans held for sale from the close (funding) date until sold in the secondary market. Borrowings on the facility bore interest at the greater of the 30-day LIBOR plus 2.35% or 2.90% and were secured by the specific loans that were funded. This warehouse facility, which was closed in the second quarter of 2021, had $0 outstanding balance at December 31, 2021 and a $70.0 million outstanding balance at December 31, 2020.

CFBank has participated in the PPPLF, which provides liquidity through term financing backed by PPP loans. At December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the principal balance of PPPLF advances outstanding was $450,000 and $107.4 million, respectively. Principal payments are due on the PPPLF advances when the related PPP loans are repaid or forgiven by the SBA. See the section below titled “Liquidity and Capital Resources” for additional information regarding FHLB advances and other debt.

Subordinated debentures Subordinated debentures totaled $14.9 million at December 31, 2021 and $14.8 million at December 31, 2020. In December 2018, the Holding Company entered into subordinated note purchase agreements with certain qualified institutional buyers and completed a private placement of $10 million of fixed-to-floating rate subordinated notes, net of unamortized debt issuance costs of approximately $388,000. In 2003, the Holding Company issued subordinated debentures in exchange for the proceeds of a $5.0 million trust preferred securities offering issued by a trust formed by the Holding Company. The terms of the subordinated debentures allow for the Holding Company to defer interest payments for a period not to exceed five years. Interest payments were current at December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020. See Note 11, Subordinated Debentures, in the accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.

Stockholders’ equity. Stockholders’ equity totaled $125.3 million at December 31, 2021, an increase of $15.1 million, or 13.7%, from $110.2 million at December 31, 2020. The increase in total stockholders’ equity was primarily attributed to net income, partially offset by share repurchases.

Management continues to proactively monitor capital levels and ratios in its on-going capital planning process. CFBank has leveraged its capital to support balance sheet growth and drive increased net interest income. Management remains focused on growing capital though improving results from operations; however, should the need arise, CFBank has additional sources of capital and alternatives it could utilize as further discussed in the “Liquidity and Capital Resources” section in this report.

Currently, the Holding Company has excess cash or sources of liquidity to cover its expenses for the foreseeable future, and could inject capital into CFBank if necessary. Also, CFBank has the flexibility to manage its balance sheet size as a result of the short duration of the assets as discussed with the loans held for sale, as well as to deploy those assets into higher earning assets to improve net interest income as the opportunity presents itself.

Comparison of Results of Operations for 2021 and 2020

General.Net income for the year ended December 31, 2021 totaled $18.5 million (or $2.77 per diluted common share) and decreased $11.1 million, or 37.7%, compared to net income of $29.6 million (or $4.47 per diluted common share) for the year ended December 31, 2020. The decrease in net income was primarily the result of a decrease in the net gain on sale of loans which was driven by significantly lower refinance opportunities coupled with lower margins on loan sales. The decrease in the net gain on sale of loans was partially offset by an increase in the net interest income, a decrease in provision expense and a decrease in noninterest expenses.

Net interest income.Net interest income is a significant component of net income, and consists of the difference between interest income generated on interest-earning assets and interest expense incurred on interest-bearing liabilities. Net interest income is primarily affected by the volumes, interest rates and composition of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities. The tables below titled “Average Balances, Interest Rates and Yields” and “Rate/Volume Analysis of Net Interest Income” provide important information on factors impacting net interest income and should be read in conjunction with this discussion of net interest income.

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Net interest income totaled $42.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2021 and increased $14.2 million, or 51.2%, compared to net interest income of $27.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2020. The increase in net interest income was primarily due to a $9.9 million, or 23.5%, increase in interest income, coupled with a $4.3 million, or 29.3%, decrease in interest expense. The increase in interest income was primarily attributed to a $292.3 million, or 26.8%, increase in average interest-earning assets outstanding, resulting primarily from an increase in net loans and loans held for sale, partially offset by a 10bps decrease in average yield on interest-earning assets. The decrease in interest expense was attributed to a 69bps decrease in the average cost of funds on interest-bearing liabilities, partially offset by a $198.5 million, or 22.4%, increase in average interest-bearing liabilities. The net interest margin of 3.04% for the year ended December 31, 2021 increased 49bps compared to the net interest margin of 2.55% for the year ended December 31, 2020.

Interest income totaled $52.3 million for the twelve months ended December 31, 2021, and increased $9.9 million, or 23.5%, compared to $42.4 million for the twelve months ended December 31, 2020. The increase in interest income was primarily attributed to a $233.5 million, or 29.2%, increase in average loans outstanding and a $31.0 million, or 14.5%, increase in average loans held for sale outstanding, partially offset by a 64bps decrease in the average yield on loans held for sale and a 3bps decrease in the average yield on loans.

Interest expense totaled $10.3 million for the twelve months ended December 31, 2021, and decreased $4.3 million, or 29.3%, compared to $14.6 million for the twelve months ended December 31, 2020. The decrease in interest expense was primarily attributed to a 79bps decrease in the average rate of interest-bearing deposits, partially offset by a $238.8 million, or 32.3%, increase in average interest-bearing deposits.

Provision for loan and lease losses.The provision for loan and lease losses expense for the year ended December 31, 2021 was ($1.6) million compared to $10.9 million in provision for loan and lease losses expense for the year ended December 31, 2020. The decrease in the provision for loan and lease losses was based on the improved economic outlook and continued strong credit quality of our loan portfolio. Net recoveries for the year ended December 31, 2021 totaled $86,000, compared to net charge-offs of $1.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2020.

The following table presents information regarding net charge-offs (recoveries) for 2021 and 2020.

(Dollars in thousands) Net charge-offs (recoveries)

Single-family residential real estate (9) 394

Home equity lines of credit (21) 4

See the section below titled “Financial Condition – Allowance for loan and lease losses” for additional information.

Noninterest income.Noninterest income for the year ended December 31, 2021 totaled $11.6 million and decreased $48.4 million, or 80.6%, compared to $60.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2020. The decrease was primarily due to a $52.4 million decrease in net gain on sale of loans, partially offset by a $1.9 million increase in gain on sale of deposits and a $1.4 million increase in the net gain on sales of SBA loans. As previously discussed, the decrease is the result of the Company’s decision to strategically scale down its Residential Mortgage Business in response to the shift in the mortgage industry. The increase in the net gain on sale of deposits was a result of the sale of CFBank’s two Columbiana County branches that closed on July 16, 2021.

Noninterest expense.Noninterest expense for the year ended December 31, 2021 totaled $32.5 million and decreased $8.1 million, or 20.1%, compared to $40.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2020. The decrease in noninterest expense during the year ended December 31, 2021 was primarily due to a $5.0 million decrease in salaries and employee benefits expense, a $2.6 million decrease in advertising and promotion expense and a $722,000 decrease in professional fees expense, partially offset by a $650,000 increase in FDIC premiums. The decreases in salaries and employee benefits, advertising and promotion expense and professional fees expense were primarily the result of the scaling down of our mortgage lending business. The increase in FDIC expense was related to increased asset and deposit levels.

Income taxes.Income tax expense was $4.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2021, a decrease of $2.3 million, compared to $6.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2020. The effective tax rate for the year ended December 31, 2021 was approximately 19.1%, as compared to approximately 18.4% for the year ended December 31, 2020. The effective tax rate for the year ended December 31, 2020 was favorably impacted by the recognition of approximately $1.0 million of historic tax credits.

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Company conducts a regular assessment of all available information. This information includes, but is not limited to, taxable income in prior periods, projected future income and projected future reversals of deferred tax items. Based on these criteria, the Company determined as of December 31, 2021 that no valuation allowance was required against the net deferred tax asset.

The Company records income tax expense based on the federal statutory rate adjusted for the effect of other items such as low income housing credits, historic tax credits, bank owned life insurance and other miscellaneous items.

Comparison of Results of Operations for 2020 and 2019

General.Net income for the year ended December 31, 2020 totaled $29.6 million (or $4.47 per diluted common share) and increased $20.0 million, or 208.4%, compared to net income of $9.6 million (or $2.03 per diluted common share) for the year ended December 31, 2019. Net income for the year ended December 31, 2020 is net of provision for loan loss expense of $10.9 million versus no provision expense during 2019.

Net interest income totaled $27.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2020 and increased $6.1 million, or 28.1%, compared to net interest income of $21.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2019. The increase in net interest income was primarily due to a $7.3 million, or 20.7%, increase in interest income, partially offset by a $1.2 million, or 8.8%, increase in interest expense. The increase in interest income was primarily attributed to a $385.2 million, or 54.7%, increase in average interest-earning assets outstanding, resulting primarily from an increase in net loans and loans held for sale, partially offset by a 109bps decrease in average yield on interest-earning assets. The increase in interest expense was attributed to a $324.5 million, or 57.6%, increase in average interest-bearing liabilities, partially offset by a 74bps decrease in the average cost of funds on interest-bearing liabilities. The net interest margin of 2.55% for the year ended December 31, 2020 decreased 53bps compared to the net interest margin of 3.08% for the year ended December 31, 2019.

Interest income totaled $42.4 million for the twelve months ended December 31, 2020, and increased $7.3 million, or 20.7%, compared to $35.1 million for the twelve months ended December 31, 2019. The increase in interest income was primarily attributed to a $202.0 million, or 33.9%, increase in average loans outstanding and a $152.9 million, or 249.3%, increase in loans held for sale outstanding, partially offset by an 84bp decrease in average yield on loans.

Interest expense totaled $14.6 million for the twelve months ended December 31, 2020, and increased $1.2 million, or 8.8%, compared to $13.4 million for the twelve months ended December 31, 2019. The increase in interest expense was primarily attributed to a $213.6 million, or 40.6%, increase in average interest-bearing deposits, partially offset by a 61bps decrease in the average yield of interest-bearing deposits.

Provision for loan and lease losses.The provision for loan and lease losses expense for the year ended December 31, 2020 was $10.9 million compared to no provision for loan and lease losses expense for the year ended December 31, 2019. As noted above, the increase in the provision for loan and lease losses was a reflection of the increased economic stress associated with the COVID-19 pandemic and specific consideration of its impact on certain industries. Net charge-offs for the year ended December 31, 2020 totaled $1.0 million, compared to net recoveries of $126,000 for the year ended December 31, 2019.

The following table presents information regarding net charge-offs (recoveries) for 2020 and 2019.

(Dollars in thousands) Net charge-offs (recoveries)

Commercial $ 633 $ -

Single-family residential real estate 394 (7)

Commercial real estate - (105)

Home equity lines of credit 4 (50)

Other consumer loans - 36

See the section titled “Financial Condition – Allowance for loan and lease losses” for additional information.

Noninterest income.Noninterest income for the year ended December 31, 2020 totaled $60.0 million and increased $48.3 million, or 411.9%, compared to $11.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2019. The increase was primarily due to a $47.6 million increase in net gain on sale of loans, coupled with a $489,000 increase in swap fee income. The increase in net gain on sale of loans was

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primarily a result of increased sales volume related to our residential mortgage lending business. The increase in swap fee income was due to an increase in customer swap transactions.

Noninterest expense.Noninterest expense for the year ended December 31, 2020 totaled $40.6 million and increased $19.2 million, or 89.9%, compared to $21.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2019. The increase in noninterest expense during the year ended December 31, 2020 was primarily due to a $10.8 million increase in salaries and employee benefits expense, a $3.2 million increase in professional fees expense, and a $2.8 million increase in advertising and marketing expense. The increase in salaries and employee benefits expense was primarily due to the expansion of our residential mortgage lending business, consistent with our focus on driving noninterest income, coupled with an increase in personnel to support our growth, infrastructure and risk management practices. The increase in professional fees was related to increased activities, volumes and outsourcing in our residential mortgage business. The increase in advertising and marketing expense was primarily due to increased expenditures related to leads-based marketing to drive revenue growth in our residential mortgage lending business, coupled with increased advertising focused on increasing core deposits.

Income taxes.Income tax expense was $6.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2020, an increase of $4.3 million, compared to $2.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2019. The effective tax rate for the year ended December 31, 2020 was approximately 18.4%, as compared to approximately 20.3% for the year ended December 31, 2019. The effective tax rate for the year ended December 31, 2020 was favorably impacted by the recognition of approximately $1.0 million of historic tax credits.

Our deferred tax assets are composed of U.S. net operating losses (“NOLs”), and other temporary book to tax differences. When determining the amount of deferred tax assets that are more-likely-than-not to be realized, and therefore recorded as a benefit, the Company conducts a regular assessment of all available information. This information includes, but is not limited to, taxable income in prior periods, projected future income and projected future reversals of deferred tax items. Based on these criteria, the Company determined as of December 31, 2020 that no valuation allowance was required against the net deferred tax asset.

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Average Balances, Interest Rates and Yields. The following table presents, for the periods indicated, the total dollar amount of fully taxable equivalent interest income from average interest-earning assets and the resultant yields, as well as the interest expense on average interest-bearing liabilities, expressed in both dollars and rates. Average balances are computed using month-end balances.

For the Years Ended December 31,

Average Interest Average Average Interest Average Average Interest Average

Outstanding Earned/ Yield/ Outstanding Earned/ Yield/ Outstanding Earned/ Yield/

Balance Paid Rate Balance Paid Rate Balance Paid Rate

(Dollars in thousands)

Interest-earning assets:

Interest-bearing liabilities:

(1) Average balance is computed using the carrying value of securities.

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Rate/Volume Analysis of Net Interest Income. The following table presents the dollar amount of changes in interest income and interest expense for major components of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities. It distinguishes between the increase and decrease related to changes in balances and/or changes in interest rates. For each category of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities, information is provided on changes attributable to (i) changes in volume (i.e., changes in volume multiplied by the prior rate) and (ii) changes in rate (i.e., changes in rate multiplied by prior volume). For purposes of this table, changes attributable to both rate and volume which cannot be segregated have been allocated proportionately to the change due to volume and the change due to rate.

Year Ended Year Ended

Compared to Year Ended Compared to Year Ended

Increase (decrease) due to Increase (decrease) due to

Rate Volume Net Rate Volume Net

(Dollars in thousands)

Interest-earning assets:

Interest-bearing liabilities:

(1)Securities amounts are presented on a fully taxable equivalent basis.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

In general terms, liquidity is a measurement of an enterprise’s ability to meet cash needs. The primary objective in liquidity management is to maintain the ability to meet loan commitments and to repay deposits and other liabilities in accordance with their terms without an adverse impact on current or future earnings. Principal sources of funds are deposits; amortization and prepayments of loans; maturities, sales and principal receipts of securities available for sale; borrowings; and operations. While maturities and scheduled amortization of loans are predictable sources of funds, deposit flows and loan prepayments are greatly influenced by general interest rates, economic conditions and competition.

CFBank is required by regulation to maintain sufficient liquidity to ensure its safe and sound operation. Thus, adequate liquidity may vary depending on CFBank’s overall asset/liability structure, market conditions, the activities of competitors, the requirements of our own deposit and loan customers and regulatory considerations. Management believes that each of the Holding Company’s and CFBank’s current liquidity is sufficient to meet its daily operating needs and fulfill its strategic planning.

Liquidity management is both a daily and long-term responsibility of management. We adjust our investments in liquid assets, primarily cash, short-term investments and other assets that are widely traded in the secondary market, based on our ongoing assessment of expected loan demand, expected deposit flows, yields available on interest-earning deposits and securities and the objective of our asset/liability management program. In addition to liquid assets, we have other sources of liquidity available including, but not limited to, access to advances from the FHLB and borrowings from the FRB and our commercial bank lines of credit.

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The following table summarizes CFBank’s cash available from liquid assets and borrowing capacity at December 31, 2021 and 2020.

(Dollars in thousands)

Additional borrowing capacity at the FHLB 113,077 53,609

Additional borrowing capacity at the FRB 72,195 81,508

Unused commercial bank lines of credit 65,000 65,000

Cash, unpledged securities and deposits in other financial institutions decreased $43.7 million, or 20.6%, to $169.0 million at December 31, 2021, compared to $212.7 million at December 31, 2020. The decrease is primarily attributed to an increase in loans and leases, partially offset by an increase in deposits.

CFBank’s additional borrowing capacity with the FHLB increased $59.5 million, or 110.9%, to $113.1 million at December 31, 2021, compared to $53.6 million at December 31, 2020. The increase is primarily attributed to an increase in pledged collateral.

CFBank’s additional borrowing capacity at the FRB decreased $9.3 million, or 11.4%, to $72.2 million at December 31, 2021 from $81.5 million at December 31, 2020. CFBank is eligible to participate in the FRB’s primary credit program, providing CFBank access to short-term funds at any time, for any reason, based on the collateral pledged.

CFBank’s borrowing capacity with both the FHLB and FRB may be negatively impacted by changes such as, but not limited to, further tightening of credit policies by the FHLB or FRB, deterioration in the credit performance of CFBank’s loan portfolio or CFBank’s financial performance, or a decrease in the balance of pledged collateral.

CFBank had $65.0 million of availability in unused lines of credit with two commercial banks at December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020.

Deposits are obtained predominantly from the markets in which CFBank’s offices are located. We rely primarily on a willingness to pay market-competitive interest rates to attract and retain retail deposits. Accordingly, rates offered by competing financial institutions may affect our ability to attract and retain deposits.

CFBank relies on competitive interest rates, customer service,and relationships with customers toretain deposits.In 2010, the FDIC, pursuant to the provisions ofthe Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act permanently increased deposit insurance coverage from$100,000to $250,000 per depositor.

The Holding Company has more limited sources of liquidity than CFBank. In general, in addition to its existing liquid assets, sources of liquidity include funds raised in the securities markets through debt or equity offerings, funds borrowed from third party banks or other lenders, dividends received from CFBank or the sale of assets.

Management believes that the Holding Company had adequate funds at December 31, 2021 to meet its current and anticipated operating needs at this time. The Holding Company’s current cash requirements include operating expenses and interest on subordinated debentures and other debt. The Company may also pay dividends on its common stock, if and when declared by the Board of Directors.

Currently, annual debt service on the subordinated debentures underlying the Company’s trust preferred securities is approximately $158,000. The subordinated debentures have a variable rate of interest, reset quarterly, equal to the three-month LIBOR plus 2.85%. The total rate in effect was 3.07% at December 31, 2021.

Currently, the annual debt service on the Company’s $10 million of fixed-to-floating rate subordinated notes is $700,000. The subordinated notes have a fixed rate of 7.00% until December 2023 at which time the interest rate will reset quarterly to a rate equal to the then current three-month LIBOR plus 4.14%.

Prior to May 21, 2021, the Holding Company had a term loan in the original principal amount of $5.0 million with an additional $10.0 million revolving line-of-credit with a third-party bank. That credit facility was refinanced into a new $35.0 million facility on May 21, 2021. The credit facility is revolving until May 21, 2024 at which time any then-outstanding balance will be converted to a 10-year term note on a graduated 10-year amortization. Borrowings on the credit facility bear interest at a fixed rate of 3.85% until May 21, 2026, and the interest rate then converts to a floating rate equal to PRIME with a floor of 3.75%. The purpose of the credit facility is to provide an additional source of liquidity for the Holding Company and to provide funds for the Holding Company to downstream as additional capital to CFBank to support growth. At December 31, 2021, the Company had an outstanding balance, net of unamortized debt issuance costs, of $24.3 million on the facility.

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The ability of the Holding Company to pay dividends on its common stock is dependent upon the amount of cash and liquidity available at the Holding Company level, as well as the receipt of dividends and other distributions from CFBank to the extent necessary to fund such dividends.

The Holding Company is a legal entity that is separate and distinct from CFBank, which has no obligation to make any dividends or other funds available for the payment of dividends by the Holding Company. Banking regulations limit the amount of dividends that can be paid to the Holding Company by CFBank without prior regulatory approval. Generally, financial institutions may pay dividends without prior approval as long as the dividend does not exceed the total of the current calendar year-to-date earnings plus any earnings from the previous two years not already paid out in dividends, and as long as the financial institution remains well capitalized after the dividend payment.

The Holding Company also is subject to various legal and regulatory policies and requirements impacting the Holding Company’s ability to pay dividends on its stock. In addition, the Holding Company’s ability to pay dividends on its stock is conditioned upon the payment, on a current basis, of quarterly interest payments on the subordinated debentures underlying the Company’s trust preferred securities. Finally, under the terms of the Company’s fixed-to-floating rate subordinated debt, the Holding Company’s ability to pay dividends on its stock is conditioned upon the Holding Company continuing to make required principal and interest payments, and not incurring an event of default, with respect to the subordinated debt.

Federal income tax laws provided deductions, totaling $2.3 million, for thrift bad debt reserves established before 1988. Accounting standards do not require a deferred tax liability to be recorded on this amount, which otherwise would have totaled $473,000 at year-end 2021. However, if CFBank were wholly or partially liquidated or otherwise ceases to be a bank, or if tax laws were to change, this amount would have to be recaptured and a tax liability recorded. Additionally, any distributions in excess of CFBank’s current or accumulated earnings and profits would reduce amounts allocated to its bad debt reserve and create a tax liability for CFBank.

Impact of Inflation

The financial statements and related data presented herein have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, which presently require us to measure financial position and results of operations primarily in terms of historical dollars. Changes in the relative value of money due to inflation are generally not considered. In our opinion, changes in interest rates affect our financial condition to a far greater degree than changes in the inflation rate. While interest rates are generally influenced by changes in the inflation rate, they do not move concurrently. Rather, interest rate volatility is based on changes in the expected rate of inflation, as well as changes in monetary and fiscal policy. A financial institution’s ability to be relatively unaffected by changes in interest rates is a good indicator of its ability to perform in a volatile economic environment. In an effort to protect performance from the effects of interest rate volatility, we review interest rate risk frequently and take steps to minimize detrimental effects on profitability.

Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

Market risk is the risk of loss from adverse changes in market prices and interest rates. We have not engaged in and, accordingly, have no risk related to trading accounts, commodities or foreign exchange. Our hedging policy allows hedging activities, such as interest-rate swaps, up to a notional amount of 10% of total assets and a value at risk of 10% of core capital. Disclosures about our hedging activities are set forth in Note 18 to our consolidated financial statements. The Company’s market risk arises primarily from interest rate risk inherent in our lending, investing, deposit gathering and borrowing activities. The measurement of market risk associated with financial instruments is meaningful only when all related and offsetting on- and off-balance-sheet transactions are aggregated and the resulting net positions are identified. Disclosures about fair value are set forth in Note 6 to our consolidated financial statements.

Management actively monitors and manages interest rate risk. The primary objective in managing interest rate risk is to limit, within established guidelines, the adverse impact of changes in interest rates on our net interest income and capital. We measure the effect of interest rate changes on CFBank’s economic value of equity (EVE), which is the difference between the estimated market value of its assets and liabilities under different interest rate scenarios. The change in the EVE ratio is a long-term measure of what might happen to the market value of financial assets and liabilities over time if interest rates changed instantaneously and CFBank did not change existing strategies. At December 31, 2021, CFBank’s EVE ratios, using interest rate shocks ranging from a 400 bps rise in rates to a 200 bps decline in rates, are shown in the following table. All values are within the acceptable range established by CFBank’s Board of Directors.

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Economic Value of Equity

as a Percent of Assets

(CFBank only)

Basis Point Economic

Change in Rates Value Ratio

In evaluating CFBank’s exposure to interest rate risk, certain limitations inherent in the method of analysis presented in the foregoing table must be considered. For example, the table indicates results based on changes in the level of interest rates, but not changes in the shape of the yield curve. CFBank also has exposure to changes in the shape of the yield curve. Although certain assets and liabilities may have similar maturities or periods to which they reprice, they may react in different degrees to changes in market interest rates. The interest rates on certain types of assets and liabilities may fluctuate in advance of changes in market interest rates, while interest rates on other types may lag behind changes in market rates. In the event of a change in interest rates, prepayments and early withdrawal levels would likely deviate significantly from those assumed in calculating the table. The ability of many borrowers to service their debt may decrease when interest rates rise. As a result, the actual effect of changing interest rates may differ materially from that presented in the foregoing table.

Changes in levels of market interest rates could materially and adversely affect our net interest income, loan volume, asset quality, value of loans held for sale and cash flows, as well as the market value of our securities portfolio and overall profitability.

Residential mortgage loan origination volumes are affected by market interest rates on loans. Rising interest rates generally are associated with a lower volume of loan originations, while falling interest rates are usually associated with higher loan originations. Our ability to generate gains on sales of mortgage loans is significantly dependent on the level of originations. Changes in interest rates, prepayment speeds and other factors may also cause the value of our loans held for sale to change.

We originate commercial, commercial real estate, multi-family residential and single family residential real estate mortgage loans for our portfolio, which, in many cases, have adjustable interest rates. Many of these loans have interest-rate floors, which protect income to CFBank should rates fall. While adjustable-rate loans better offset the adverse effects of an increase in interest rates as compared to fixed-rate loans, the increased payments required of adjustable-rate loan borrowers upon an interest rate adjustment in a rising interest rate environment could cause an increase in delinquencies and defaults. The marketability of the underlying property also may be adversely affected in a rising interest rate environment.

Cash flows are affected by changes in market interest rates. Generally, in rising interest rate environments, loan prepayment rates are likely to decline, and in falling interest rate environments, loan prepayment rates are likely to increase.

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CF BANKSHARES INC.

Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.

MANAGEMENT’S REPORT ON INTERNAL CONTROL OVER FINANCIAL REPORTING

The management of CF Bankshares Inc. is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. The Company’s internal control over financial reporting is designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.

The Company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that: (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the Company; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the Company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the Company; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of the Company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

Management assessed the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2021. In making this assessment, management used the criteria for effective internal control over financial reporting as described in the 2013 Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). Based on our assessment and those criteria, management concluded that the Company maintained effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2021.

BKD, LLP, independent registered public accounting firm, has issued an audit report on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2021.

/s/ Timothy T. O’Dell

Timothy T. O’Dell

President and Chief Executive Officer

/s/ Kevin J. Beerman

Kevin J. Beerman

Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

March 16, 2022

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Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

To the Shareholders, Board of Directors and Audit Committee

CF Bankshares Inc.

Worthington, Ohio

Opinion on the Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of CF Bankshares Inc. (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, changes in stockholders’ equity and changes of cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2021, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “financial statements”). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2021, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”), the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2021, based on criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) and our report dated March 16, 2022, expressed an unqualified opinion.

Basis for Opinion

These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits.

We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures include examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Critical Audit Matter

The critical audit matters communicated below are matters arising from the current-period audit of the financial statements that were communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relate to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matters below, providing separate opinions on the critical audit matters or on the accounts or disclosures to which they relates.

As described in Note 4 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company’s consolidated allowance for loan and lease losses (ALLL) was $15.5 million at December 31, 2021. The Company also describes in Note 1 of the consolidated financial statements the “Allowance for Loan Losses” accounting policy around this estimate. The allowance for loan losses is evaluated on a regular basis by management and is based on management’s periodic review of the collectability of the loans in light of historical experiences, the nature and volume of the loan portfolio, adverse situations that may affect the borrower’s ability to repay, estimated value of any underlying collateral, and prevailing economic conditions. The allowance consists of specific, and general components. The specific component relates to loans that are classified as impaired and an allowance is established when the discounted cash flows (or collateral value) of the impaired loan is lower than the carrying

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Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

value of that loan. The general component covers non-classified loans and is based on historical loss experience adjusted for qualitative factors.

The primary reason for our determination that the allowance for loan losses is a critical audit matter is that it involved significant judgement and complex review as there is a high degree of subjectivity in evaluating management’s estimate, such as evaluating management’s assessment of economic conditions and other environmental factors, evaluating the adequacy of specific allowances associated with impaired loans and assessing the appropriateness of loan grades.

Our audit procedures related to the estimated allowance for loan losses included:

Testing the design and operating effectiveness of internal controls, including those related to technology, over the ALLL including data completeness and accuracy, classifications of loans by loan segment, historical loss data, the calculation of a loss rate, the establishment of qualitative adjustments, grading and risk classification of loans and establishment of specific reserves on impaired loans.

Testing clerical and computational accuracy of the formulas within the Company’s ALLL calculation.

Testing of completeness and accuracy of the underlying data utilized in the ALLL.

Testing of the loan review function and the reasonableness of loan grades determined. Specifically, utilizing internal loan review professionals to assist us in evaluating the appropriateness of loan grades and to assess the reasonableness of specific impairments on loans.

Evaluating the overall reasonableness of qualitative factor adjustments including economic conditions and other environmental factors to historical loss and the appropriateness of their direction and magnitude and the Company’s support for the direction and magnitude compared to previous years.

/s/ BKD, LLP

BKD, LLP

We have served as the Company's auditor since 2014.

Indianapolis, Indiana

March 16, 2022

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CF BANKSHARES INC.

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

December 31, 2021 and 2020

(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)

December 31, December 31,

ASSETS

Interest-bearing deposits in other financial institutions 100 100

Operating lease right-of-use assets 1,925 1,387

Accrued interest receivable and other assets 24,562 34,637

LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY

Deposits

Advances by borrowers for taxes and insurance 2,752 1,029

Accrued interest payable and other liabilities 14,513 21,884

Commitments and contingent liabilities - -

Stockholders' equity

Common stock, $0.01 par value;

Non-voting common stock, $0.01 par value;

Series C preferred stock, $0.01 par value; 12,607 shares authorized;

0 issued at December 31, 2021 and 0 shares issued at December 31, 2020 - -

Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (170) 96

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

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CF BANKSHARES INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME

Years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019

(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)

Interest and dividend income

Interest expense

Provision for loan and lease losses (1,600) 10,915 -

Noninterest income

Service charges on deposit accounts 845 633 553

Net gains on sales of SBA loans 1,443 68 -

Gain on redemption of life insurance policies 383 - -

Earnings on bank owned life insurance 532 145 142

Gain on sale of deposits 1,893 - -

Noninterest expense

Foreclosed assets, net - - (9)

Net income attributable to common stockholders $ 18,453 $ 27,328 $ 9,390

Earnings per common share:

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

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CF BANKSHARES INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMREHENSIVE INCOME

Years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019

(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)

Other comprehensive income:

Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax (266) 68 101

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

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CF BANKSHARES INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

Years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019

(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)

Non-voting Additional Retained Earnings Accumulated Other Total

Common Common Paid-In (Accumulated Comprehensive Treasury Stockholders'

Stock Stock Capital Deficit) Income (Loss) Stock Equity

Other comprehensive income 101 101

Issuance of 73,738 stock based incentive plan shares, net of forfeitures 1 (1) -

Restricted stock expense, net of forfeitures 527 527

Exercise of warrants to common stock 1 1,257 1,258

Accretion of discount and value of warrants exercised (219) 219 -

Other comprehensive income 68 68

Issuance of 19,660 stock based incentive plan shares, net of forfeitures - - -

Restricted stock expense, net of forfeitures 711 711

Stock options exercised 36 36

Dividends declared ( $0.03 per share) (197) (197)

Other comprehensive loss (266) (266)

Issuance of 69,960 stock based incentive plan shares, net of forfeitures 1 (1) -

Restricted stock expense, net of forfeitures 707 707

Stock options exercised 185 185

Dividends declared ( $0.13 per share) (848) (848)

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

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CF BANKSHARES INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES OF CASH FLOWS

Years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019

(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)

Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash from operating activities:

Provision for loan and lease losses (1,600) 10,915 -

Net gains on sales of residential mortgage loans (5,916) (58,298) (10,454)

Net gains on sales of SBA loans (1,443) (68) (313)

Gain on sale of deposits (1,893) - -

Write-down of premises and equipment 17 265 -

Gain on sale of foreclosed assets - - (12)

Earnings on bank owned life insurance (532) (145) (142)

Gain on redemption of life insurance policies (383) - -

Net change in:

Operating lease right-of-use asset 461 393 404

Operating lease right-of-use liability (498) (428) (408)

Cash flows from investing activities:

Available-for-sale securities:

Purchase of equity securities - (5,000) -

Purchase of bank owned life insurance (8,000) (12,000) -

Purchase of loans and leases (18,677) - -

Additions to premises and equipment (2,962) (385) (443)

Return of investment- joint ventures 756 594 95

Proceeds from the sale of foreclosed assets - - 50

Proceeds from the redemption of life insurance policies 661 - -

Proceeds from the sale of premises and equipment 371 - -

Cash flows from financing activities:

Cash paid for assumption of deposits in branch sale (102,418) - -

Net change in warehouse line of credit (70,013) 70,013 -

Net change in advances by borrowers for taxes and insurance 1,723 100 102

Cash dividends paid on common stock (848) (195) -

Proceeds from exercise of stock options 185 36 -

Net proceeds from issuance of common stock in private placement - - 9,641

Exercise of warrants to common stock - - 1,258

Purchase of treasury shares (2,972) (648) -

‎

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

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CF BANKSHARES INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES OF CASH FLOWS

Years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019

(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)

Supplemental cash flow information:

Supplemental noncash disclosures:

Loans transferred from held for sale to portfolio $ 16,611 $ 1,725 $ 657

Transfer of other liability to operating lease right-of-use asset - - 184

Initial recognition of operating right-of-use lease asset 999 - 2,368

Initial recognition of operating right-of-use lease liability 999 - 2,368

Loans held for sale funded with other debt, net of repayments - (7,517) 7,517

Dividends payable - 2 -

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)

NOTE 1 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Nature of Operations and Principles of Consolidation:

The consolidated financial statements include CF Bankshares, Inc. (the “Holding Company”) and its wholly-owned subsidiary, CFBank, National Association (“CFBank”). On December 1, 2016, CFBank converted from a federal savings institution to a national bank. Prior to December 1, 2016, the Holding Company was a registered savings and loan holding company. Effective as of December 1, 2016 and in conjunction with the conversion of CFBank to a national bank, the Holding Company became a registered bank holding company and elected financial holding company status with the FRB. Effective as of July 27, 2020, the Company changed its name from Central Federal Corporation to CF Bankshares Inc. The Holding Company and CFBank are sometimes collectively referred to herein as the “Company”. Intercompany transactions and balances are eliminated in consolidation.

CFBank provides financial services through its five full-service banking offices in Worthington, Woodmere, Fairlawn, Glendale, and Blue Ash, Ohio, and through its loan production office in Columbus, Ohio. Its primary deposit products are commercial and retail checking, savings, money market and term certificate accounts. Its primary lending products are commercial and commercial real estate, residential mortgages and installment loans. There are no significant concentrations of loans to any one industry or customer segment. However, our customers’ ability to repay their loans is dependent on general economic conditions and the real estate values in their geographic areas.

Use of Estimates: To prepare financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP), management makes estimates and assumptions based on available information. These estimates and assumptions affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and the disclosures provided, and actual results could differ. The allowance for loan and lease losses (ALLL), deferred tax assets and fair values of financial instruments are particularly subject to change.

Cash Flows: Cash and cash equivalents include cash, deposits with other financial institutions with maturities fewer than 90 days and federal funds sold. Net cash flows are reported for customer loan and deposit transactions, interest-bearing deposits in other financial institutions and borrowings with original maturities under 90 days.

Cash in Excess of FDIC Limits: At December 31, 2021, the Company’s cash accounts exceeded federally insured limits by approximately $160.3 million. Approximately $152.7 million of that amount was held by either the Federal Reserve Bank or the Federal Home Loan Bank of Cincinnati, which is not federally insured.

Interest-Bearing Deposits in Other Financial Institution: Interest-bearing deposits in other financial institutions mature in April, 2022 and are carried at cost. As of December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, there was $100 in interest-bearing deposits in other financial institutions.

Securities: Debt securities are classified as available for sale when they might be sold before maturity. Securities available for sale are carried at fair value, with unrealized holding gains and losses reported in other comprehensive income.

Interest income includes amortization of purchase premium or accretion of discount. Premiums and discounts on securities are amortized or accreted on the level-yield method, except for mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations where prepayments are anticipated based on industry payment trends. Gains and losses on sales are recorded on the trade date and determined using the specific identification method.

Management evaluates securities for other-than-temporary impairment (OTTI) at least on a quarterly basis, and more frequently when economic or market conditions warrant such an evaluation. For securities in an unrealized loss position, management considers the extent and duration of the unrealized loss and the financial condition and near-term prospects of the issuer. Management also assesses whether it intends to sell, or will more likely than not be required to sell, a security in an unrealized loss position before recovery of its amortized cost basis. If either of the criteria regarding intent or requirement to sell is met, the entire difference between amortized cost and fair value is recognized as impairment through earnings. For debt securities that do not meet the aforementioned criteria, the amount of impairment is split into two components as follows: 1) OTTI related to credit loss, which must be recognized in the income statement and 2) OTTI related to other factors, which is recognized in other comprehensive income. The credit loss is defined as the difference between the present value of the cash flows expected to be collected and the amortized cost basis. For equity securities, the entire amount of impairment is recognized through earnings.

Equity Securities: Equity securities without a readily determinable fair value are held at cost minus impairment, if any, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for the identical or a similar investment of the same issuer. For equity securities measured under the practicability exception under Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2016-01, the Company performs a qualitative assessment for equity securities without readily determinable fair values considering impairment indicators to evaluate whether an impairment exists. If an impairment exists, the Company will recognize a loss based on the difference between carrying value and fair value.

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)

Loans Held for Sale: Mortgage loans originated and intended for sale in the secondary market are carried at fair value, as determined by outstanding commitments from investors. Mortgage loans held for sale are generally sold with servicing rights released. The carrying value of mortgage loans sold is reduced by the amount allocated to the servicing rights when mortgage loans held for sale are sold with servicing rights retained. Loans originated as construction loans, that were subsequently transferred to held for sale, are carried at the lower of cost or market. Gains and losses on sales of mortgage loans are based on the difference between the selling price and the carrying value of the related loan sold.

Loans and Leases: Loans and leases that management has the intent and ability to hold for the foreseeable future or until maturity or payoff are reported at the principal balance outstanding, adjusted for purchase premiums and discounts, deferred loan fees and costs and an allowance for loan and lease losses (ALLL). Interest income is accrued on the unpaid principal balance. Loan origination fees, net of certain direct origination costs, are deferred and recognized in interest income using the level yield method without anticipating prepayments.

The accrual of interest income on all classes of loans, except other consumer loans, is discontinued and the loan is placed on nonaccrual status at the time the loan is 90 days delinquent unless the loan is well-secured and in process of collection. Other consumer loans are typically charged off no later than 90 days past due. Past due status is based on the contractual terms of the loan for all classes of loans. In all cases, loans are placed on nonaccrual or charged-off at an earlier date if collection of principal or interest is considered doubtful. Nonaccrual loans and loans past due 90 days still on accrual include both smaller balance homogeneous loans that are collectively evaluated for impairment and individually classified impaired loans. Commercial, multi-family residential real estate loans and commercial real estate loans placed on nonaccrual status are individually classified as impaired loans.

All interest accrued but not received for each loan placed on nonaccrual is reversed against interest income in the period in which it is placed in a nonaccrual status. Interest received on such loans is accounted for on the cash-basis or cost recovery method, until qualifying for return to accrual status. Loans are considered for return to accrual status provided all the principal and interest amounts that are contractually due are brought current, there is a current and well documented credit analysis, there is reasonable assurance of repayment of principal and interest, and the customer has demonstrated sustained, amortizing payment performance of at least six months.

Concentration of Credit Risk: Most of the Company’s primary business activity is with customers located within the Ohio counties of Franklin, Hamilton, Cuyahoga, Summit and contiguous counties. Therefore, the Company’s exposure to credit risk can be affected by changes in the economies within these counties. Although these counties are the Company’s primary market area for loans, the Company originates residential and commercial real estate loans throughout the United States.

Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses (ALLL): The ALLL is a valuation allowance for probable incurred credit losses. Loan losses are charged against the allowance when management believes the uncollectibility of a loan balance is confirmed. Subsequent recoveries, if any, are credited to the allowance. Management estimates the allowance balance required using past loan loss experience, the nature and volume of the portfolio, information about specific borrower situations and estimated collateral values, economic conditions, and other factors. Allocations of the allowance may be made for specific loans, but the entire allowance is available for any loan that, in management’s judgment, should be charged off.

The allowance consists of specific and general components. The specific component relates to loans that are individually classified as impaired. A loan is impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable that CFBank will be unable to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. Loans within any loan class for which the terms have been modified resulting in a concession, and for which the borrower is experiencing financial difficulties, are considered troubled debt restructurings (TDRs) and classified as impaired.

Factors considered by management in determining impairment for all loan classes include payment status, collateral value, and the probability of collecting scheduled principal and interest payments when due. Loans that experience insignificant payment delays and payment shortfalls generally are not classified as impaired. Management determines the significance of payment delays and payment shortfalls on a case-by-case basis, taking into consideration all of the circumstances surrounding the loan and the borrower, including the length of the delay, the reasons for the delay, the borrower’s prior payment record and the amount of the shortfall in relation to the principal and interest owed.

All substandard loans within the commercial, multi-family residential, commercial real estate and construction segments are individually evaluated for impairment when they are 90 days past due, or earlier than 90 days past due if information regarding the payment capacity of the borrower indicates that payment in full according to the loan terms is doubtful. If a loan is impaired, a portion of the allowance is allocated so that the loan is reported, net, at the present value of estimated future cash flows using the loan’s existing rate, or at the fair value of collateral, less costs to sell, if repayment is expected solely from the collateral. Large groups of smaller balance homogeneous loans, such as consumer and single-family residential real estate loans, are collectively evaluated for impairment, and accordingly, they are not separately identified for impairment disclosures.

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)

TDRs of all classes of loans are separately identified for impairment disclosures and are measured at the present value of estimated future cash flows using each loan’s effective rate at inception. If a TDR is considered to be a collateral dependent loan, the loan is reported, net, at the fair value of the collateral. If the payment of the loan is dependent on the sale of the collateral, then costs to liquidate the collateral are included when determining the impairment. For TDRs that subsequently default, the amount of reserve is determined in accordance with the accounting policy for the ALLL.

Interest income on all classes of impaired loans that are on nonaccrual status is recognized in accordance with the accounting policy for nonaccrual loans. Cash receipts on all classes of impaired loans that are on nonaccrual status are generally applied to the principal balance outstanding. Interest income on all classes of impaired loans that are not on nonaccrual status is recognized on the accrual method. TDRs may be classified as accruing if the borrower has been current for a period of at least six months with respect to loan payments and management expects that the borrower will be able to continue to make payments in accordance with the terms of the restructured note.

The general reserve component covers non-impaired loans of all classes and is based on historical loss experience adjusted for current factors. The historical loss experience is determined by loan class and is based on the actual loss history experienced by the Company over a three-year period. The general component is calculated based on CFBank’s loan balances and actual three-year historical loss rates. For loans with little or no actual loss experience, industry estimates are used based on loan segment. This loss experience is supplemented with other economic and judgmental factors based on the risks present for each loan class. These economic and judgmental factors include consideration of the following: levels of and trends in delinquencies and impaired loans; levels of and trends in charge-offs and recoveries; trends in volume and terms of loans; effects of any changes in risk selection and underwriting standards; other changes in lending policies, procedures, and practices; experience, ability, and depth of lending management and other relevant staff; national and local economic trends and conditions; industry conditions; and effects of changes in credit concentrations.

The following portfolio segments have been identified: commercial loans; single-family residential real estate loans; multi-family residential real estate loans; commercial real estate loans; construction loans; home equity lines of credit; and other consumer loans. A description of each segment of the loan portfolio, along with the risk characteristics of each segment, is included below.

Commercial loans: Commercial loans and direct financing leases include loans and leases to businesses generally located within our primary market area. Those loans and leases are typically secured by business equipment, inventory, accounts receivable and other business assets. In underwriting commercial loans, we consider the net operating income of the borrower, the debt service ratio and the financial strength, expertise and credit history of the business owners and/or guarantors. Because payments on commercial loans are dependent on successful operation of the business enterprise, repayment of such loans may be subject to a greater extent to adverse conditions in the economy. We seek to mitigate these risks through underwriting policies which require such loans to be qualified at origination on the basis of the borrower’s financial performance and the financial strength of the business owners and/or guarantors.

Single-family residential real estate loans: Single-family residential real estate loans include permanent conventional mortgage loans secured by single-family residences that we originate for portfolio and purchased loans located primarily within our primary market area. Credit approval for single-family residential real estate loans requires demonstration of sufficient income to repay the principal and interest and the real estate taxes and insurance, stability of employment and an established credit record. Our policy is to originate quality loans that are evaluated for risk based on the borrower’s ability to repay the loan. Collateral positions are established by obtaining independent appraisal opinions. Mortgage insurance is generally required when the LTV exceeds 80%.

Multi-family residential real estate loans: Multi-family residential real estate loans include loans secured by apartment buildings, condominiums and multi-family residential houses generally located within our primary market area. Underwriting policies provide that multi-family residential real estate loans generally may be made in amounts up to 85% of the lower of the appraised value or purchase price of the property. In underwriting multi-family residential real estate loans, we consider the appraised value and net operating income of the property, the debt service ratio and the property owner’s and/or guarantor’s financial strength, expertise and credit history. We offer both fixed-rate and adjustable-rate loans. Fixed-rate loans are generally limited to three years to five years, at which time they convert to adjustable-rate loans. Because payments on loans secured by multi-family residential properties are dependent on successful operation or management of the properties, repayment of multi-family residential real estate loans may be subject to a greater extent to adverse conditions in the real estate market or the economy. Adjustable-rate multi-family residential real estate loans generally pose credit risks not inherent in fixed-rate loans, primarily because as interest rates rise, the borrowers’ payments rise, increasing the potential for default. Additionally, adjustable-rate multi-family residential real estate loans generally do not contain periodic and lifetime caps on interest rate changes. We seek to minimize the additional risk presented by adjustable-rate multi-family residential real estate loans through underwriting criteria that require such loans to be qualified at origination with sufficient debt coverage ratios under increasing interest rate scenarios.

Commercial real estate loans: Commercial real estate loans include loans secured by owner occupied and non-owner occupied properties used for business purposes, such as manufacturing facilities, office buildings or retail facilities generally located within our primary market area. Underwriting policies provide that commercial real estate loans may be made in amounts up to 85% of the lower

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)

of the appraised value or purchase price of the property. In underwriting commercial real estate loans, we consider the appraised value and net operating income of the property, the debt service ratio and the property owner’s and/or guarantor’s financial strength, expertise and credit history. We offer both fixed and adjustable-rate loans. Fixed-rate loans are generally limited to three years to five years, at which time they convert to adjustable-rate loans. Because payments on loans secured by commercial real estate properties are dependent on successful operation or management of the properties, repayment of commercial real estate loans may be subject to a greater extent to adverse conditions in the real estate market or the economy. Adjustable-rate commercial real estate loans generally pose credit risks not inherent in fixed-rate loans, primarily because as interest rates rise, the borrowers’ payments rise, increasing the potential for default. Additionally, adjustable-rate commercial real estate loans generally do not contain periodic and lifetime caps on interest rate changes. We seek to minimize the additional risk presented by adjustable-rate commercial real estate loans through underwriting criteria that require such loans to be qualified at origination with sufficient debt coverage ratios under increasing interest rate scenarios.

Construction loans: Construction loans include loans to finance the construction of residential and commercial properties generally located within our primary market area. Construction loans are fixed-rate or adjustable-rate loans which may convert to permanent loans with maturities of up to 30 years. Our policies provide that construction loans may generally be made in amounts up to 80% of the appraised value of the property, and an independent appraisal of the property is required. Loan proceeds are disbursed in increments as construction progresses and as inspections warrant, and regular inspections are required to monitor the progress of construction. In underwriting construction loans, we consider the property owner’s and/or guarantor’s financial strength, expertise and credit history. Construction financing is considered to involve a higher degree of credit risk than long-term financing on improved, owner occupied real estate. Risk of loss on a construction loan is dependent largely upon the accuracy of the initial estimate of the property’s value at completion of construction or development compared to the estimated cost (including interest) of construction. If the estimate of value proves to be inaccurate, we may be confronted with a project, when completed, having a value which is insufficient to assure full repayment. We attempt to reduce such risks on construction loans through inspections of construction progress on the property and by requiring personal guarantees and reviewing current personal financial statements and tax returns, as well as other projects of the developer.

Home equity lines of credit: Home equity lines of credit include both loans we originate for portfolio and purchased loans. We originate home equity lines of credit to customers generally within our primary market area. Home equity lines of credit are variable rate loans and the interest rate adjusts monthly at various margins to the prime rate of interest as disclosed in The Wall Street Journal. The margin is based on certain factors including the loan balance, value of collateral, election of auto-payment, and the borrower’s FICO® score. The amount of the line is based on the borrower’s credit, income and equity in the home. When combined with the balance of the prior mortgage liens, these lines generally may not exceed 89.9% of the appraised value of the property at the time of the loan commitment. The lines are secured by a subordinate lien on the underlying real estate and are, therefore, vulnerable to declines in property values in the geographic areas where the properties are located. Credit approval for home equity lines of credit requires income sufficient to repay principal and interest due, stability of employment, an established credit record and sufficient collateral. Collectability of home equity lines of credit are dependent on the borrower's continuing financial stability, and thus are more likely to be affected by adverse personal circumstances. We continue to monitor collateral values and borrower FICO® scores on both purchased and portfolio loans and, when the situation warrants, have frozen the lines of credit.

Other consumer loans: Other consumer loans include closed-end home equity, home improvement, auto, credit card loans and any purchased loans to consumers generally located within our primary market area. Credit approval for other consumer loans requires income sufficient to repay principal and interest due, stability of employment, an established credit record and sufficient collateral for secured loans. Consumer loans typically have shorter terms and lower balances with higher yields as compared to real estate mortgage loans, but generally carry higher risks of default. Consumer loan collections are dependent on the borrower's continuing financial stability, and thus are more likely to be affected by adverse personal circumstances.

CFBank’s charge-off policy for commercial loans, single-family residential real estate loans, multi-family residential real estate loans, commercial real estate loans, construction loans and home equity lines of credit requires management to record a specific reserve or charge-off as soon as it is apparent that the borrower is troubled and there is, or likely will be, a collateral shortfall related to the estimated value of the collateral securing the loan. Other consumer loans are typically charged off no later than 90 days past due.

Transfers of Financial Assets: Transfers of financial assets are accounted for as sales when control over the assets has been relinquished. Control over transferred assets is deemed to be surrendered when the assets have been isolated from the Company, the transferee obtains the right (free of conditions that constrain it from taking advantage of that right) to pledge or exchange the transferred assets, and the Company does not maintain effective control over the transferred assets through an agreement to repurchase them before their maturity.

Foreclosed Assets: Assets acquired through or instead of loan foreclosure are initially recorded at fair value less costs to sell when acquired, establishing a new cost basis. These assets are subsequently accounted for at lower of cost or fair value less estimated costs

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)

to sell. If fair value declines subsequent to foreclosure, an adjustment is recorded through expense. Operating costs after acquisition are expensed.

Low Income Housing Tax Credits (LIHTC): The Company has invested in low income housing tax credits through funds that assist corporations in investing in limited partnerships and limited liability companies that own, develop and operate low income residential rental properties for purposes of qualifying for the Housing Tax credit. These investments are accounted for under the proportional amortization method which recognizes the amortization of the investment in proportion to the tax credit and other tax benefits received.

Historic Tax Credits:In June 2019, the Company made an equity investment as a non-managing member in an entity that received historic tax credits (HTC) pursuant to Section 47 of the Internal Revenue Code. The Company received a return through the realization of federal income tax credits, as well as other tax benefits, such as tax deductions from net operating losses of the investment over a period of time. The HTC investment is accounted for under the equity method of accounting and is included in accrued interest receivable and other assets on the consolidated balance sheets. The Company’s recorded investment in this entity was $0 at December 31, 2021 and 2020 due to the realization of the HTC in 2020. The maximum exposure to loss related to these investments was $0 at December 31, 2021, representing the Company’s investment balance.

Joint Ventures: The Holding Company has contributed funds into a series of joint ventures (equity stake) for the purpose of allocating excess liquidity into higher earning assets while diversifying its revenue sources. The joint ventures are engaged in shorter term operating activities related to single family real estate developments. Income is recognized based on a rate of return on the outstanding investment balance. As units are sold, the Holding Company receives an additional incentive payment, which is recognized as income. Under ASU 2016-15, the Company has elected the nature of distribution approach to recognize returns from equity method investments. Returns on investment are classified as cash flows from operating activities and returns of investment are classified as investing activities. The balance outstanding in joint ventures at December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020 was $2,150 and $1,406, respectively. Income recognized on the joint ventures was $224, $173 and $57, respectively, for 2021, 2020 and 2019.

Premises and Equipment: Land is carried at cost. Premises and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. Buildings and related components are depreciated using the straight-line method with useful lives ranging from 3 years to 40 years. Furniture, fixtures and equipment are depreciated using the straight-line method with useful lives ranging from 2 years to 25 years. Leasehold improvements are depreciated straight-line over the shorter of the useful life or the lease term.

Federal Home Loan Bank (FHLB) stock: CFBank is a member of the FHLB system. Members are required to own a certain amount of FHLB stock based on the level of borrowings and other factors, and may invest in additional amounts. FHLB stock is carried at cost, classified as a restricted security, and periodically evaluated for impairment based on ultimate recovery of par value. Both cash and stock dividends are reported as income.

Federal Reserve Bank (FRB) stock: CFBank is a member of the FRB system and is required to own a certain amount of stock. FRB stock is carried at cost, classified as a restricted security, and periodically evaluated for impairment based on ultimate recovery of par value. Both cash and stock dividends are reported as income.

Bank Owned Life Insurance: CFBank has purchased life insurance policies on certain directors and employees. Bank owned life insurance is recorded at the amount that can be realized under the insurance contract at the balance sheet date, which is the cash surrender value adjusted for other charges or other amounts due that are probable at settlement.

Loan Commitments and Related Financial Instruments: Financial instruments include off-balance-sheet credit instruments, such as commitments to make loans and commercial letters of credit, issued to meet customer financing needs. The face amount for these items represents the exposure to loss, before considering customer collateral or ability to repay. Such financial instruments are recorded when they are funded, and fees associated with origination are booked to non-interest income at the origination date.

Derivatives: Derivative financial instruments are recognized as assets or liabilities at fair value. The Company's derivatives consist mainly of interest rate swap agreements, which are used as part of its asset liability management program to help manage interest rate risk. The Company does not use derivatives for trading purposes. The derivative transactions are considered instruments with no hedging designation, otherwise known as stand-alone derivatives. Changes in the fair value of the derivatives are reported currently in earnings, as other noninterest income.

Mortgage Banking Derivatives: Commitments to fund mortgage loans to be sold into the secondary market, otherwise known as interest rate locks, are accounted for as free standing derivatives. Mortgage banking activities include two types of commitments: rate lock commitments and forward loan commitments. Fair values of these mortgage derivatives are based on anticipated gains on the underlying loans. Changes in the fair values of these derivatives are included in net gains on sales of loans.

Stock-Based Compensation: Compensation cost is recognized for stock options and restricted stock awards issued to directors and employees, based on the fair value of these awards at the date of grant. A Black-Scholes model is utilized to estimate the fair value of

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)

stock options, while the market price of the Company’s common stock at the date of grant is used for restricted stock awards. Compensation cost is recognized over the required service period, generally defined as the vesting period. For awards with graded vesting, compensation cost is recognized on a straight-line basis over the required service period for each separately vesting portion of the award. Forfeitures are recognized as incurred.

Income Taxes: Income tax expense is the total of the current year income tax due or refundable and the change in deferred tax assets and liabilities. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are the expected future tax amounts for the temporary differences between carrying amounts and tax basis of assets and liabilities, computed using enacted tax rates.

A tax position is recognized as a benefit only if it is “more likely than not” that the tax position would be sustained in a tax examination, with a tax examination being presumed to occur. The amount recognized is the largest amount of tax benefit that is greater than 50% likely of being realized on examination. For tax positions not meeting the “more likely than not” test, no tax benefit is recorded.

The Company recognizes interest related to income tax matters as interest expense and penalties related to income tax matters as other noninterest expense.

Retirement Plans: Pension expense is the amount of annual contributions by the Company to the multi-employer contributory trusteed pension plan. Employee 401(k) and profit sharing plan expense is the amount of matching contributions. Supplemental retirement plan expense allocates the benefits over years of service.

Earnings Per Common Share: The two-class method is used in the calculation of basic and diluted earnings per share. Under the two-class method, earnings available to common stockholders for the period are allocated between common stockholders and participating securities (unvested share-based payment awards) according to dividends declared (or accumulated) and participation rights in undistributed earnings.

Comprehensive Income (Loss): Comprehensive income (loss) consists of net income (loss) and other comprehensive income (loss). Other comprehensive income (loss) includes unrealized gains and losses on securities available for sale, which are also recognized as a separate component of equity. Reclassifications from accumulated other comprehensive income are conducted on a specific identification method.

Loss Contingencies: Loss contingencies, including claims and legal actions arising in the ordinary course of business, are recorded as liabilities when the likelihood of loss is probable and an amount or range of loss can be reasonably estimated. Management does not believe there were any such matters at December 31, 2021 that will have a material effect on the financial statements. See Note 23 – Contingent Liabilities.

Restrictions on Cash: Cash on deposit with the FHLB included $3,300 pledged as collateral for FHLB advances at December 31, 2021.

Equity: Treasury stock is carried at cost. Shares sold out of treasury are valued based on the weighted average cost.

Dividend Restriction: Banking regulations require us to maintain certain capital levels and may limit the dividends paid by CFBank to the Holding Company or by the Holding Company to stockholders. The ability of the Holding Company to pay dividends on its common stock is dependent upon the amount of cash and liquidity available at the Holding Company level, as well as the receipt of dividends and other distributions from CFBank to the extent necessary to fund such dividends. The Holding Company is a legal entity that is separate and distinct from CFBank, which has no obligation to make any dividends or other funds available for the payment of dividends by the Holding Company. The Holding Company also is subject to various legal and regulatory policies and guidelines impacting the Holding Company’s ability to pay dividends on its stock. In addition, the Holding Company’s ability to pay dividends on its stock is conditioned upon the payment, on a current basis, of quarterly interest payments on the subordinated debentures underlying the Company’s trust preferred securities. Finally, under the terms of the Holding Company’s fixed-to-floating rate subordinated debt, the Holding Company’s ability to pay dividends on its stock is conditioned upon the Holding Company continuing to make required principal and interest payments, and not incurring an event of default, with respect to the subordinated debt.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments: Fair values of financial instruments are estimated using relevant market information and other assumptions, as more fully disclosed in Note 6 – Fair Value. Fair value estimates involve uncertainties and matters of significant judgment regarding interest rates, credit risk, prepayments, and other factors, especially in the absence of broad markets for particular items. Changes in assumptions or in market conditions could significantly affect these estimates.

Advertising and Marketing Expense: Advertising costs are expensed as incurred and are recorded as advertising and marketing, a component of noninterest expense. Advertising and marketing expense also includes leads-based marketing for our residential mortgage lending business.

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)

Operating Segments: While management monitors and analyzes the revenue streams of the Company’s various products and services, the operations and financial performance is evaluated on a Company-wide basis. Operating results are not reviewed by senior management to make resource allocation or performance decisions. Accordingly, all of the financial service operations are considered by management to be aggregated in one reportable operating segment.

Reclassifications: Some items in the prior year financial statements were reclassified to conform to the current presentation. Reclassifications had no effect on prior period net income or stockholders’ equity.

Future Accounting Matters:

In June 2016, the FASB issued (“ASU”) No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. Once effective, ASU 2016-13 will significantly change current guidance for recognizing impairment of financial instruments. Current guidance requires an "incurred loss" methodology for recognizing credit losses that delays recognition until it is probable a loss has been incurred. ASU 2016-13 replaces the incurred loss impairment methodology with a new methodology that reflects expected credit losses over the lives of the loans and requires consideration of a broader range of information to inform credit loss estimates. The ASU requires an organization to estimate all expected credit losses for financial assets measured at amortized cost, including loans and held-to-maturity debt securities, based on historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. Additional disclosures are required. ASU 2016-13 also amends the accounting for credit losses on available-for-sale debt securities and purchased financial assets with credit deterioration. Under the new guidance, entities will determine whether all or a portion of the unrealized loss on an available-for-sale debt security is a credit loss. Any credit loss will be recognized as an allowance for credit losses on available-for-sale debt securities rather than as a direct reduction of the amortized cost basis of the investment, as is currently required. As a result, entities will recognize improvements to estimated credit losses on available-for-sale debt securities immediately in earnings rather than as interest income over time, as currently required. ASU 2016-13 eliminates the current accounting model for purchased credit impaired loans and debt securities. Instead, purchased financial assets with credit deterioration will be recorded gross of estimated credit losses as of the date of acquisition and the estimated credit losses amounts will be added to the allowance for credit losses. Thereafter, entities will account for additional impairment of such purchased assets using the models listed above. In October 2019, the FASB voted to extend the implementation of ASU No. 2016-13 for certain financial institutions including smaller reporting companies. As a result, ASU 2016-13 will be effective for the Company for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2022. While the Company generally expects that the implementation of ASU 2016-13 has the potential to increase its allowance for loan losses balance, the Company is continuing to evaluate the potential impact on the Company’s financial statements and disclosures. Management has been running and evaluating various scenarios. At this time, the estimated impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements, including disclosures, cannot be reasonably determined.

In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU No. 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting. These amendments provide temporary optional guidance to ease the potential burden in accounting for reference rate reform. The ASU provides optional expedients and exceptions for applying generally accepted accounting principles to contract modifications and hedging relationships, subject to meeting certain criteria, that reference LIBOR or another reference rate expected to be discontinued. It is intended to help stakeholders during the global market-wide reference rate transition period. The guidance is effective for all entities as of March 12, 2020 through December 31, 2022. The Company is implementing a transition plan to identify and modify its loans and other financial instruments with attributes that are either directly or indirectly influenced by LIBOR. The Company is assessing ASU 2020-04 and its impact on the Company's transition away from LIBOR for its loan and other financial instruments.

NOTE 2- REVENUE RECOGNITION

Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers ("ASC 606"), establishes principles for reporting information about the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from the entity's contracts to provide goods or services to customers. The core principle requires an entity to recognize revenue to depict the transfer of goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration that it expects to be entitled to receive in exchange for those goods or services recognized as performance obligations are satisfied.

The majority of our revenue-generating transactions are not subject to ASC 606, including revenue generated from financial instruments, such as our loans, letters of credit, derivatives and investment securities, as well as revenue related to our mortgage activities related to net gains on sale of loans.

All of the Company’s revenue from contracts with customers in the scope of ASC 606 is recognized within noninterest income. Descriptions of our revenue-generating activities that are within the scope of ASC 606, which are presented in our income statements as components of noninterest income, are as follows:

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(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)

Service charges on deposit accounts - these represent general service fees for monthly account maintenance and activity, or transaction-based fees, and consist of transaction-based revenue, time-based revenue (service period), item-based revenue or some other individual attribute-based revenue. Revenue is recognized when our performance obligation is completed which is generally monthly for account maintenance services or when a transaction has been completed (such as a wire transfer). Payment for such performance obligations are generally received at the time the performance obligations are satisfied.

NOTE 3 – SECURITIES

The following tables summarize the amortized cost and fair value of the available-for-sale securities portfolio at December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020 and the corresponding amounts of unrealized gains and losses recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss):

Amortized Cost Gross Unrealized Gains Gross Unrealized Losses Fair Value

Issued by U.S. government-sponsored entities and agencies:

Mortgage-backed securities - residential 35 1 - 36

Amortized Cost Gross Unrealized Gains Gross Unrealized Losses Fair Value

Issued by U.S. government-sponsored entities and agencies:

Mortgage-backed securities - residential 62 3 - 65

There was no other-than-temporary impairment recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) for securities available for sale at December 31, 2021 or December 31, 2020.

There were no sales of securities during the years ended December 31, 2021, December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019.

The amortized cost and fair value of debt securities at December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020 are shown in the table below by contractual maturity. Expected maturities may differ from contractual maturities if borrowers have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties. Securities not due at a single maturity date are shown separately.

Amortized Cost Fair Value Amortized Cost Fair Value

Due from five to ten years 9,976 9,750 - -

Mortgage-backed securities - residential 35 36 62 65

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)

Fair value of securities pledged was as follows:

At December 31,

Pledged as collateral for:

Interest-rate swaps - - 77

At year end 2021,2020 and 2019, there were no holdings of securities of any one issuer in an amount greater than 10% of stockholders’ equity.

The following table summarizes securities with unrealized losses at December 31, 2021 aggregated by major security type and length of time in a continuous unrealized loss position.

Less than 12 Months 12 Months or More Total

The unrealized losses at December 21, 2021 were related to one Corporate debt security and multiple U.S. Treasuries. Because the decline in fair value was attributable to changes in market conditions, and not credit quality, and because the Company did not have the intent to sell these securities and would unlikely be required to sell these securities before their anticipated recovery, the Company did not consider these securities to be other-than-temporarily impaired at December 31, 2021.

There were no securities with unrealized losses at December 31, 2020.

NOTE 4 – LOANS AND LEASES

The following table presents the recorded investment in loans and leases by portfolio segment. The recorded investment in loans and leases includes the principal balance outstanding adjusted for purchase premiums and discounts, and deferred loan fees and costs.

Real estate:

Consumer:

(1)Includes $23,157 and $4,133 of commercial leases at December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively.

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)

Included in Commercial loans at December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, were $445 and $105,269, respectively, of loans originated under the Small Business Administration (“SBA”) Paycheck Protection Program (“PPP”). The Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act of 2020, as amended (the “CARES Act”), authorized the SBA to temporarily guarantee PPP loans to provide funding to small businesses to pay certain payroll costs and benefits, and other expenses, during the COVID-19 pandemic. These loans are 100% guaranteed by the SBA and the full principal amount of the loans may qualify for forgiveness. The loans we originated have a maturity of two years, an interest rate of 1.00% and loan payments are deferred for the initial six months (which deferral period was subsequently extended to 10 months pursuant to the Paycheck Protection Program Flexibility Act of 2020). The majority of these loans have been pledged as collateral on borrowings under the FRB’s Paycheck Protection Program Lending Facility (“PPPLF”). See Note 10 - FHLB Advances and Other Debt for additional information.

Mortgage Purchase Program:

CFBank previously participated in a Mortgage Purchase Program with Northpointe Bank (Northpointe), a Michigan banking corporation, from December 2012 until CFBank discontinued its participation in the program in the first quarter of 2021. Pursuant to the terms of a participation agreement, CFBank purchased participation interests in loans made by Northpointe related to fully underwritten and pre-sold mortgage loans originated by various prescreened mortgage brokers located throughout the U.S. The underlying loans were individually (MERS) registered loans which were held until funded by the end investor. The mortgage loan investors included Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, and other major financial institutions. This process on average took approximately 14 days. Given the short-term holding period of the underlying loans, common credit risks (such as past due, impairment and TDR, nonperforming, and nonaccrual classification) were substantially reduced. Therefore, no allowance was allocated by CFBank to these loans. These loans were 100% risk rated for CFBank capital adequacy purposes. Under the participation agreement, CFBank agreed to purchase a 95% ownership/participation interest in each of the aforementioned loans, and Northpointe maintained a 5% ownership interest in each loan it participated. CFBank exited this program during the first quarter of 2021. At December 31, 2021 and 2020, CFBank held $0 and $15,713, respectively, of such loans which have been included in single-family residential loan totals above.

Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses:

The ALLL is a valuation allowance for probable incurred credit losses in the loan and lease portfolio based on management’s evaluation of various factors including past loan loss experience, the nature and volume of the portfolio, information about specific borrower situations and estimated collateral values, economic conditions and other factors. A provision for loan and lease losses is charged to operations based on management’s periodic evaluation of these and other pertinent factors described in Note 1.

The following tables present the activity in the ALLL by portfolio segment for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019:

Real Estate Consumer

Charge-offs - (17) - - - - - (17)

Real Estate Consumer

‎

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)

Real Estate Consumer

Charge-offs - - - - - - (36) (36)

The following table presents the balance in the ALLL and the recorded investment in loans and leases by portfolio segment and based on impairment method as of December 31, 2021:

Real Estate Consumer

ALLL:

Ending allowance balance attributable to loans:

Individually evaluated for impairment $ - $ - $ - $ 20 $ - $ - $ - $ 20

Loans:

Individually evaluated for impairment $ 221 $ 99 $ - $ 2,658 $ - $ - $ - $ 2,978

The following table presents the balance in the ALLL and the recorded investment in loans and leases by portfolio segment and based on impairment method as of December 31, 2020:

Real Estate Consumer

ALLL:

Ending allowance balance attributable to loans:

Individually evaluated for impairment $ - $ - $ - $ 23 $ - $ - $ - $ 23

Loans:

Individually evaluated for impairment 268 $ 104 $ - $ 2,718 $ - $ - $ - $ 3,090

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(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)

The following tables present loans individually evaluated for impairment by class of loans as of and for the year ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019. The unpaid principal balance is the contractual principal balance outstanding. The recorded investment is the unpaid principal balance adjusted for partial charge-offs, purchase premiums and discounts, deferred loan fees and costs. Cash payments of interest on these loans during the twelve months ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019 totaled $169, $159 and $168, respectively.

At or for the year ended December 31, 2021:

With no related allowance recorded:

Real estate:

Commercial:

Owner occupied $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -

Total with no allowance recorded - - - - -

With an allowance recorded:

Real estate:

Commercial:

(1)Allowance recorded is less than $1 resulting in rounding to zero

At or for the year ended December 31, 2020:

With no related allowance recorded:

Real estate:

Commercial:

Owner occupied $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -

CFBK US Equity

CFBK · 10-K · period ended 2021-12-31

Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.

CFBK US Equity☆

CFBK · 10-K · period ended 2021-12-31

Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.

CFBK US Equity