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Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with Item 1. Business, Item 1A. Risk Factors, Forward-Looking Statements, and Item 15. Consolidated Financial Statements and the accompanying notes and other data, all of which appear elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Management's Discussion and Analysis below generally discusses 2022 and 2021 items and year-to-year comparisons between 2022 and 2021. Discussions of 2020 items and year-to-year comparisons between 2021 and 2020 that are not included in this Form 10-K can be found in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021 filed with the SEC on February 28, 2022 and such information is incorporated herein by reference.

Business Overview

We provide total talent management services, including strategic workforce solutions, contingent staffing, permanent placement, and consultative services for healthcare customers across the continuum of care, by recruiting and placing highly qualified healthcare professionals in virtually every specialty and area of expertise. In addition to clinical roles such as school nurses, speech language, and behavioral therapists, we place non-clinical professionals such as teachers, substitute teachers, and other education specialties at educational facilities across the nation. Our diverse customer base includes both public and private acute care and non-acute care hospitals, outpatient clinics, ambulatory care facilities, single and multi-specialty physician practices, rehabilitation facilities, PACE programs, urgent care centers, local and national healthcare systems, managed care providers, public and charter schools, correctional facilities, government facilities, pharmacies, and many other healthcare providers. Through our national staffing teams, we offer our workforce solutions and place clinicians on travel and per diem assignments, local short-term contracts, and permanent positions. In addition, we continually evaluate opportunities to acquire companies that would complement or enhance our business, like Mint and HireUp.

Our workforce solutions include MSPs, RPO, project management, and other outsourcing and consultative services as described in Item 1. Business in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. By utilizing the solutions we offer, customers are able to better plan their personnel needs, optimize their talent acquisition and management processes, strategically flex and balance their workforce, have access to quality healthcare personnel, and provide continuity of care for improved patient outcomes. We have a history of investing in diversity, equality, and inclusion as a key component of the organization’s overall corporate social

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responsibility program, which we believe is closely aligned with our core values to create a better future for our people, communities, and our stockholders.

The Company’s two reportable segments offer services to its customers as described below:

● Nurse and Allied Staffing – For the year ended December 31, 2022, Nurse and Allied Staffing represented approximately 96% of total revenue. The Nurse and Allied Staffing segment provides workforce solutions and traditional staffing, including temporary and permanent placement of travel nurses and allied professionals, as well as per diem and contract nurses and allied personnel. We also provide clinical and non-clinical professionals on short-term and long-term assignments to customers such as local and national healthcare plans, managed care providers, public and charter schools, correctional facilities, skilled nursing facilities, and other non-acute settings. In addition, Nurse and Allied Staffing provides retained search services for healthcare professionals, as well as contingent search and recruitment process outsourcing services. We provide flexible workforce solutions to our healthcare customers through diversified offerings designed to meet their unique needs, including: MSP, RPO, and consulting services.

● Physician Staffing – For the year ended December 31, 2022, Physician Staffing represented approximately 4% of total revenue. Physician Staffing provides physicians in many specialties, as well as CRNAs, NPs, and PAs as independent contractors on temporary assignments throughout the U.S.

Summary of Operations

For the year ended December 31, 2022, revenue from services increased 67% year-over-year to $2.8 billion, due to strong performance in both our Nurse and Allied Staffing and Physician Staffing segments, primarily driven by an increase in volume growth and the number of professionals on assignment as a result of our investment in people and technology. Net income attributable to common stockholders for the year ended December 31, 2022 was $188.5 million, as compared to $132.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2021.

In addition to our scheduled payments, on June 23, 2022 and October 26, 2022, we made optional prepayments on our term loan of $50.0 million, totaling $100.0 million, to reduce interest costs, and incurred prepayment premiums of $1.0 million pursuant to the Term Loan Agreement.

On October 3, 2022, we entered into an asset purchase agreement with Mint Medical Physician Staffing, LP and Lotus Medical Staffing LLC, which expanded our locum tenens portfolio. On December 13, 2022, we entered into an asset purchase agreement with HireUp Leadership, Inc., which strengthened our position in the talent management landscape.

For the year ended December 31, 2022, cash flow provided by operating activities was $134.1 million, with net borrowings of $67.6 million on our senior secured asset-based credit facility (ABL), and an increase in working capital stemming from an increase in accounts receivable partly offset by the timing of disbursements. As of December 31, 2022, we had $3.6 million in cash and cash equivalents and a principal balance of $73.9 million outstanding on our term loan. Borrowing base availability under the ABL was $300.0 million, with $76.8 million of borrowings drawn under our ABL, and $18.2 million of undrawn letters of credit outstanding, leaving $205.0 million of excess availability. See Note 8 - Debt to our consolidated financial statements.

See Results of Operations, Segment Results, and Liquidity and Capital Resources sections that follow for further information.

Operating Metrics

We evaluate our financial condition by tracking operating metrics and financial results specific to each of our segments. Key operating metrics include hours worked, days filled, number of contract personnel on a full-time equivalent (FTE) basis, revenue per FTE, and revenue per day filled. Other operating metrics include number of open orders, candidate applications, contract bookings, length of assignment, bill and pay rates, and renewal and fill rates, number of active searches, and number of placements. These operating metrics are representative of trends that assist management in evaluating business performance. Due to the timing of our business process and other factors, certain of these operating metrics may not necessarily correlate to the reported U.S. GAAP results for the periods presented. Some of the segment financial results analyzed include revenue, operating expenses, and contribution income. In addition, we monitor cash flow, as well as operating and leverage ratios, to help us assess our liquidity needs.

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Business Segment Business Measurement

Results of Operations

The following table summarizes, for the periods indicated, selected consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss) data expressed as a percentage of revenue. Our historical results of operations are not necessarily indicative of future operating results.

Year Ended December 31,

Direct operating expenses 77.6 77.6

Selling, general and administrative expenses 11.6 12.8

Bad debt expense 0.3 0.3

Depreciation and amortization 0.5 0.6

Acquisition and integration-related costs — 0.1

Restructuring costs 0.1 0.2

Impairment charges 0.2 0.1

Income from operations 9.7 8.3

Interest expense 0.5 0.4

Loss on early extinguishment of debt 0.1 —

Other income, net — (0.1)

Income before income taxes 9.1 8.0

Income tax expense 2.4 0.1

Net income attributable to common stockholders 6.7 % 7.9 %

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Comparison of Results for the Year Ended December 31, 2022 compared to the Year Ended December 31, 2021

Year Ended December 31,

Increase (Decrease) Increase (Decrease)

(Amounts in thousands)

Acquisition and integration-related costs 726 1,068 (342) (32.0) %

NM - Not meaningful

Revenue from services

Revenue from services increased $1.1 billion, or 67.4%, to $2.8 billion for the year ended December 31, 2022, as compared to $1.7 billion for the year ended December 31, 2021, due to strong performance in both our Nurse and Allied Staffing and Physician Staffing segments, primarily driven by an increase in the number of professionals on assignment, as well as higher bill rates in Nurse and Allied. See further discussion in Segment Results.

Direct operating expenses

Direct operating expenses are comprised primarily of field employee compensation and independent contractor expenses, housing expenses, travel expenses, and related insurance expenses. Direct operating expenses increased $877.3 million, or 67.4%, to $2.2 billion for the year ended December 31, 2022, as compared to $1.3 billion for the year ended December 31, 2021, as a result of revenue increases. As a percentage of total revenue, direct operating expenses were 77.6% for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021.

Selling, general and administrative expenses

Selling, general and administrative expenses increased $108.9 million, or 50.6%, to $324.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2022, as compared to $215.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2021, primarily due to increases in compensation and benefits, marketing and consulting expense, and computer subscription fees. As a percentage of total revenue, selling, general and administrative expenses decreased to 11.6% for the year ended December 31, 2022 as compared to 12.8% for the year ended December 31, 2021.

Bad Debt Expense

Bad debt expense for the year ended December 31, 2022 was $9.6 million as compared to $4.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2021. The increase is due primarily to higher receivables at year end with a 14 day increase in DSO year over year. As a percentage of revenue, bad debt expense was 0.3% for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021.

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Depreciation and amortization expense

Depreciation and amortization expense for the year ended December 31, 2022 was $12.6 million as compared to $9.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2021. The increase is primarily due to the additional amortization of other intangible assets from the WSG and Selected acquisitions. See Note 5 - Goodwill, Trade Names, and Other Intangible Assets to our consolidated financial statements. As a percentage of revenue, depreciation and amortization expense was 0.5% for the year ended December 31, 2022 and 0.6% for the year ended December 31, 2021.

Acquisition and integration-related costs

Acquisition and integration-related costs for the year ended December 31, 2022 included costs for legal and advisory fees for the Mint and Lotus acquisition that closed in October 2022 and the HireUp acquisition that closed in December 2022. Acquisition and integration-related costs for the year ended December 31, 2021 included costs for legal and advisory fees, as well as integration costs, for the WSG acquisition that closed late in the second quarter of 2021, and legal and professional fees for the Selected acquisition that closed late in the fourth quarter of 2021.

Restructuring costs

Restructuring costs for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 were primarily comprised of employee termination costs and ongoing lease costs related to the Company's strategic reduction of its real estate footprint and totaled $1.9 million and $2.6 million, respectively. Amounts for the year ended December 31, 2022 include a benefit associated with the early termination of the lease for one of the Company's corporate offices in the second quarter, which was previously restructured.

Impairment charges

Non-cash impairment charges totaled $5.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2022 and related to real estate restructuring activities and the write-off of a discontinued IT project. Non-cash impairment charges totaled $2.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2021 and related to real estate restructuring activities and the write-off of a discontinued software development project. See Note 5 - Goodwill, Trade Names, and Other Intangible Assets and Note 9 - Leases to our consolidated financial statements.

Interest expense

Interest expense was $14.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2022 compared to $6.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2021, due to higher average borrowings and a higher effective interest rate. The effective interest rate on our borrowings was 9.1% and 5.7% for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

Loss on early extinguishment of debt

Loss on early extinguishment of debt for the year ended December 31, 2022 consisted of a prepayment premium and the write-off of debt issuance costs related to the optional prepayments on our term loan made in the second and fourth quarters of 2022. There were no such expenses for the year ended December 31, 2021.

Other income, net

For the year ended December 31, 2022, other income, net included a $1.1 million gain on lease termination as a result of the early termination of one of our corporate offices.

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Income tax expense

Income tax expense totaled $67.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2022, compared to $1.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2021. The effective tax rate was 26.5% and 1.0%, including the impact of discrete items, for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The effective tax rate in 2022 was impacted by federal, international, and state taxes. The effective tax rate in 2021 was impacted by the release of valuation allowance on deferred tax assets and federal, international, and state taxes.

For the year ended December 31, 2021, we recorded a net valuation allowance release of $37.5 million (comprised of $18.4 million related to federal NOLs, $7.5 million related to state NOLs, and $11.6 million related to other net deferred tax assets) on the basis of management’s reassessment of the amount of its deferred tax assets that are more likely than not to be realized. The valuation allowance on an immaterial amount of state NOLs was not released due to the respective expiration periods and specific state taxable income projections. See Note 13 - Income Taxes to our consolidated financial statements.

Segment Results

Information on operating segments and a reconciliation to income from operations for the periods indicated are as follows:

Year Ended December 31,

(amounts in thousands)

Revenues from services:

Contribution income:

Acquisition and integration-related costs 726 1,068

In the first quarter of 2021, the Company modified its reportable segments and, as a result, now discloses the following two reportable segments - Nurse and Allied Staffing and Physician Staffing. See Note 17 - Segment Data.

Certain statistical data for our business segments for the periods indicated are as follows:

Year Ended December 31, Percent

Nurse and Allied Staffing statistical data:

Physician Staffing statistical data:

See definition of Business Measurements under the Operating Metrics section of our Management's Discussion and Analysis.

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Segment Comparison - Year Ended December 31, 2022 compared to the Year Ended December 31, 2021

Nurse and Allied Staffing

Revenue increased $1.1 billion, or 68.2% to $2.7 billion for the year ended December 31, 2022, from $1.6 billion for the year ended December 31, 2021, through strong performance driven by volume increases and higher bill rates.

Contribution income for the year ended December 31, 2022, increased $149.7 million or 72.8%, to $355.4 million from $205.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2021, driven by increased revenue. As a percentage of segment revenue, contribution income margin increased to 13.2% for the year ended December 31, 2022 from 12.8% for the year ended December 31, 2021.

The average number of FTEs on contract during the year ended December 31, 2022 increased 49.6% from the year ended December 31, 2021, primarily due to headcount growth in travel nurse and allied, as well as additional headcount resulting from the WSG acquisition. Average revenue per FTE per day increased approximately 12.3% in the year ended December 31, 2022 compared to the year ended December 31, 2021, due to the increase in the average travel bill rates.

Physician Staffing

Revenue increased $35.3 million, or 49.9% to $106.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2022, compared to $70.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2021, primarily due to an increase in volume in several specialties.

Contribution income for the year ended December 31, 2022, increased $1.2 million or 27.3% to $5.5 million compared to $4.3 million in the year ended December 31, 2021. As a percentage of segment revenue, contribution income was 5.2% for the year ended December 31, 2022 and 6.1% for the year ended December 31, 2021, driven by higher revenue, partially offset by higher direct costs.

Total days filled increased 35.9% to 60,038 in the year ended December 31, 2022, compared to 44,169 in the year ended December 31, 2021. Revenue per day filled was $1,769 for the year ended December 31, 2022 and $1,605 for the year ended December 31, 2021.

Corporate overhead

Corporate overhead includes unallocated executive leadership and other centralized corporate functional support costs such as finance, IT, legal, human resources, and marketing, as well as public company expenses and corporate-wide projects. Corporate overhead increased to $67.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2022, from $55.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2021, primarily due to increases in compensation and benefit expense, legal expense, and computer expense. As a percentage of consolidated revenue, corporate overhead was 2.4% for the year ended December 31, 2022, and 3.3% for the year ended December 31, 2021.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

At December 31, 2022, we reported $3.6 million in cash and cash equivalents, $73.9 million of term loan outstanding, at par, and $76.8 million of borrowings drawn under our ABL. Working capital increased by $95.5 million to $404.0 million as of December 31, 2022, compared to $308.5 million as of December 31, 2021, primarily due to an increase in accounts receivable, partially offset by the timing of disbursements. As of December 31, 2022, our days' sales outstanding, net of amounts owed to subcontractors, was 72 days, up 14 days year-over-year, primarily due to the timing of collections throughout the year. As of December 31, 2022, we do not have any off-balance sheet arrangements.

Our operating cash flow constitutes our primary source of liquidity and, historically, has been sufficient to fund our working capital, capital expenditures, internal business expansion, and debt service. This includes our commitments, both short-term and long-term, of interest expense on our debt and operating lease commitments, and future principal payments on our term loan and our ABL credit facility. We expect to meet our future needs from a combination of cash on hand, operating cash flows, and funds available through the ABL. See debt discussion which follows.

In the third quarter of 2022, our Board of Directors authorized the New Repurchase Program, whereby we may repurchase up to $100.0 million of our shares of common stock. Upon completion of the authorized number of shares available for repurchase under the Prior Repurchase Program, we commenced repurchases under the New Repurchase Program during the third quarter of 2022. During the third and fourth quarters, we repurchased, under both the Prior Repurchase Program and the New

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Repurchase Program, a total of 1,364,815 shares of common stock for $35.3 million, at an average market price of $25.83 per share. As of December 31, 2022, we had $76.2 million remaining for share repurchase under the New Repurchase Program, subject to certain conditions in our Loan Agreement and Term Loan Agreement. During the fourth quarter of 2022, we entered into a Rule 10b5-1 Repurchase Plan to allow for share repurchases during our blackout periods.

Cash Flow Comparisons

Year Ended December 31, 2022 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2021

Net cash provided by operating activities during the year ended December 31, 2022 was $134.1 million compared to net cash used in operating activities of $85.6 million during the year ended December 31, 2021. The year over year improvement in cash flow from operations was primarily due to the investments in net working capital with higher accounts receivables stemming from the rapid growth in the business in late 2021 into early 2022.

Net cash used in investing activities during the year ended December 31, 2022 was $43.9 million compared to $34.0 million in the year ended December 31, 2021. Net cash used in the year ended December 31, 2022 included $35.1 million primarily related to the acquisitions of Mint and HireUp, as well as capital expenditures, primarily related to multiple IT projects. Net cash used for the year ended December 31, 2021 included $26.9 million related to the acquisitions of WSG and Selected, as well as capital expenditures and the build-out of our corporate office.

Net cash used in financing activities for the year ended December 31, 2022 was $87.6 million, compared to net cash provided by financing activities of $119.1 million during the year ended December 31, 2021. During the year ended December 31, 2022, we reported $67.6 million of net borrowings on our ABL and used cash to repay borrowings of $100.4 million on our term loan, $2.4 million on our note payable, $5.3 million for income taxes on share-based compensation, $3.2 million in debt issuance costs, $35.3 million for share repurchases, $7.5 million for contingent consideration, and $1.1 million for other financing activities. During the year ended December 31, 2021, we reported net borrowings of $175.0 million on our term loan, and used cash to repay borrowing on our ABL of $44.2 million, $0.7 million principal payment on our term loan, $2.4 million on our note payable, $6.1 million of debt issuance costs, $2.2 million for income taxes on share-based compensation, and an immaterial amount for other financing activities.

Debt

2021 Term Loan Agreement

As more fully described in Note 8 - Debt to our consolidated financial statements, on June 8, 2021, we entered into a Term Loan Agreement, which provides for a six-year second lien subordinated term loan in the amount of $100.0 million (term loan). The term loan has an interest rate of one-month LIBOR plus 5.75% per annum, subject to a 0.75% LIBOR floor. The term loan was used to pay the cash consideration, as well as any costs, fees, and expenses in connection with the WSG acquisition (see Note 4 - Acquisitions to our consolidated financial statements), with the remainder used to pay down a portion of the asset-based credit facility.

The borrowings under the Term Loan Agreement generally bear interest at a variable rate based on either LIBOR or Base Rate (as defined in the Term Loan Agreement) and are subject to mandatory prepayments of principal payable in quarterly installments, commencing on September 30, 2021, with each installment being in the aggregate principal amount of $0.3 million (subject to adjustment as a result of prepayments) provided that, to the extent not previously paid, the aggregate unpaid principal balance would be due and payable on the maturity date. The Term Loan Agreement contains various restrictions and covenants applicable to the Company and its subsidiaries, including a covenant to maintain a minimum net leverage ratio. The Company was in compliance with this covenant as of December 31, 2022. Obligations under the Term Loan Agreement are secured by substantially all the assets of the borrowers and guarantors under the Term Loan Agreement, subject to customary exceptions.

On November 18, 2021, we amended the Term Loan Agreement (Term Loan First Amendment), which provided the Company an incremental term loan in an aggregate amount equal to $75.0 million. Additionally, the Term Loan First Amendment increased the aggregate amount of all increases (as defined in the Term Loan Agreement) to be no greater than $115.0 million. The borrowings will be used primarily to fund organic growth. Commencing on December 31, 2021, installments of the mandatory prepayments will be in the aggregate principal amount of $0.4 million. All other terms, conditions, covenants, and pricing of the Term Loan Agreement remain the same.

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In addition to our scheduled payments, on June 23, 2022 and October 26, 2022, we made optional prepayments of $50.0 million, totaling $100.0 million, to reduce interest costs, and incurred prepayment premiums of $1.0 million pursuant to the Term Loan Agreement. As a result of the early prepayments, debt issuance costs of $1.4 million and $1.3 million were written off in the second and fourth quarters of 2022, respectively. The prepayment premiums and the write-off of debt issuance costs are included as loss on early extinguishment of debt in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss).

In the first quarter of 2023, we expect to amend our Term Loan Agreement to convert the LIBOR rates to SOFR rates.

2019 Loan Agreement

Effective October 25, 2019, our prior senior credit facility entered into in August 2017 was replaced by a $120.0 million Loan Agreement, which provides for a five-year senior secured revolving credit facility. On June 30, 2020, we amended the Loan Agreement (First Amendment), which increased the current aggregate committed size of the ABL from $120.0 million to $130.0 million. All other terms, conditions, covenants, and pricing of the Loan Agreement remained the same. On March 8, 2021, we amended the Loan Agreement (Second Amendment), which increased the current aggregate committed size of the ABL from $130.0 million to $150.0 million, increased certain borrowing base sub-limits, and decreased both the cash dominion event and financial reporting triggers. On June 8, 2021, we amended the Loan Agreement (Third Amendment), which permits the incurrence of indebtedness and grant of security as set forth in the Loan Agreement and in accordance with the Intercreditor Agreement, and provides mechanics relating to a transition away from LIBOR as a benchmark interest rate to a replacement alternative benchmark rate or mechanism for loans made in U.S. dollars. On November 18, 2021, we amended the Loan Agreement (Fourth Amendment), whereby the permitted indebtedness (as defined in the Loan Agreement) was increased to $175.0 million. On March 21, 2022, we amended the Loan Agreement (Fifth Amendment), which increased the current aggregate committed size of the ABL from $150.0 million to $300.0 million, extended the credit facility for an additional five years, increased certain borrowing base sub-limits, and provided the option for all or a portion of the borrowings to bear interest at a rate based on the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) or Base Rate, at the election of the borrowers, plus an applicable margin.

As of December 31, 2022, the interest rate spreads and fees under the Loan Agreement were based on SOFR plus 1.85% for the revolving portion of the borrowing base. The Base Rate (as defined by the Loan Agreement) margin would have been 0.75% for the revolving portion. The SOFR and Base Rate margins are subject to monthly pricing adjustments, pursuant to a pricing matrix based on our excess availability under the revolving credit facility. In addition, the facility is subject to an unused line fee, letter of credit fees, and an administrative fee. The Loan Agreement contains various restrictions and covenants, including a covenant to maintain a minimum fixed charge coverage ratio. We were in compliance with the fixed charge coverage ratio covenant as of December 31, 2022. Borrowing base availability under the ABL was $300.0 million at December 31, 2022, with $76.8 million of borrowings drawn as well as $18.2 million of letters of credit outstanding, leaving $205.0 million of excess availability.

Note Payable

The first two installments of $2.4 million each related to the subordinated promissory note payable, made in connection with the New Mediscan II, LLC, Mediscan Diagnostic Services, LLC, and Mediscan Nursing Staffing, LLC (collectively Mediscan) acquisition, were paid in the second quarter of 2020 and in the first quarter of 2021, respectively. The third and final installment of $2.6 million, including interest of 2% per annum, accruing from April 1, 2020, was paid in the first quarter of 2022. See Note 4 - Acquisitions.

See Note 8 - Debt to our consolidated financial statements.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

We have identified the following critical accounting policies that affect the more significant judgments and estimates used in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements. The preparation of our consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect our reported amounts of assets and liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities. We evaluate our estimates on an on-going basis, including those related to asset impairment, accruals for self-insurance, allowance for doubtful accounts and sales allowances, taxes and other contingencies, and litigation. We state our accounting policies in the notes to the audited consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2022, contained herein. These estimates are based on information that is currently available to us and on various assumptions that we

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believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results could vary from those estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

We believe that the following critical accounting policies affect the more significant judgments and estimates used in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements:

Goodwill, trade names, and other intangible assets

Our business acquisitions typically result in the recording of goodwill, trade names, and other intangible assets, and the recorded values of those assets may become impaired in the future. The determination of the value of such intangible assets requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect our consolidated financial statements. For intangible assets purchased in a business combination, the estimated fair values of the assets received are used to establish their recorded values. As more fully described in Note 2 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, we assess the impairment of goodwill of our reporting units and indefinite-lived intangible assets annually, or more often if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable.

Application of the goodwill impairment test requires judgment, including the identification of reporting units, assignment of assets and liabilities to reporting units, assignment of goodwill to reporting units, and determination of the fair value of each reporting unit. Significant judgments are required to estimate the fair value of reporting units including estimating future cash flows, and determining appropriate discount rates, growth rates, company control premium, and other assumptions. Changes in these estimates and assumptions could materially affect the determination of fair value for each reporting unit. See Note 5 - Goodwill, Trade Names, and Other Intangible Assets, where impairment testing in 2022, 2021, and 2020 is more fully described.

Indefinite-lived intangible assets related to our trade names were not amortized but instead tested for impairment at least annually, or more frequently should an event or circumstances indicate that a reduction in fair value may have occurred. We perform testing of indefinite-lived intangible assets, other than goodwill, at the asset group level using the relief from royalty method. If the carrying value exceeds the fair value, an impairment loss is recorded for that excess.

There can be no assurance that the estimates and assumptions made for purposes of the annual impairment test will prove to be accurate predictions of the future. Although management believes the assumptions and estimates made are reasonable and appropriate, different assumptions and estimates could materially impact the reported financial results.

In addition, we are required to test the recoverability of long-lived assets, including identifiable intangible assets with definite lives, whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. In testing for potential impairment, if the carrying value of the asset group exceeds the expected undiscounted cash flows, we must then determine the amount by which the fair value of those assets exceeds the carrying value and determine the amount of impairment, if any.

Risk and Uncertainties

The calculation of fair value used in these impairment assessments included a number of estimates and assumptions that required significant judgments, including projections of future income and cash flows, long-term growth rates, the identification of appropriate market multiples, royalty rates, and the choice of an appropriate discount rate. See Note 5 - Goodwill, Trade Names, and Other Intangible Assets. In addition, deterioration of demand for our services, deterioration of labor market conditions, reduction of our stock price for an extended period, or other factors as described in Item 1A. Risk Factors, may affect our determination of fair value of goodwill, trade names, or other intangible assets. This evaluation can also be triggered by various indicators of impairment which could cause the estimated discounted cash flows to be less than the carrying amount of net assets. If we are required to record an impairment charge in the future, it could have an adverse impact on our results of operations. Under the current credit agreements, an impairment charge will not have an impact on our liquidity. As of December 31, 2022, we had total goodwill and other intangible assets of $208.0 million or 21.9% of our total assets.

Health, workers' compensation, and professional liability expense

We maintain accruals for our health, workers’ compensation, and professional liability claims that are partially self-insured and are classified as accrued compensation and benefits on our consolidated balance sheets. We determine the adequacy of these accruals by periodically evaluating our historical experience and trends related to health, workers’ compensation, and professional liability claims and payments, based on actuarial models, as well as industry experience and trends. If such models indicate that our accruals are overstated or understated, we will adjust accruals as appropriate. Healthcare insurance accruals

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have fluctuated with increases or decreases in the average number of corporate employees and healthcare professionals on assignment as well as actual company experience and increases in national healthcare costs. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, we had $6.2 million and $4.1 million accrued, respectively, for incurred but not reported health insurance claims. Corporate and field employees are covered through a partially self-insured health plan. Workers’ compensation insurance accruals can fluctuate over time due to the number of employees and inflation, as well as additional exposures arising from the current policy year. As of December 31, 2022, and 2021, we had $14.9 million and $12.5 million accrued for case reserves and for incurred but not reported workers’ compensation claims, net of insurance receivables, respectively. The accrual for workers’ compensation is based on an actuarial model which is prepared or reviewed by an independent actuary quarterly. As of December 31, 2022, and 2021, we had $4.2 million and $4.9 million accrued, respectively, for case reserves and for incurred but not reported professional liability claims, net of insurance receivables. The accrual for professional liability is based on actuarial models which are prepared by an independent actuary quarterly.

Revenue recognition

We recognize revenue from our services when control of the promised services is transferred to our customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration we expect to receive in exchange for the service. We have concluded that transfer of control of our staffing services, which represents the majority of our revenues, occurs over time as the services are provided.

The following is a description of the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows from which we generate revenue.

Temporary Staffing Revenue

Revenue from temporary staffing is recognized as control of the services is transferred over time, and is based on hours worked by our field staff. We recognize the majority of our revenue at the contractual amount we have the right to invoice for services completed to date. Generally, billing to customers occurs weekly, bi-weekly, or monthly and is aligned with the payment of services to the temporary staff. Accounts receivable includes estimated revenue for employees’ and independent contractors’ time worked but not yet invoiced. At December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, our estimate of amounts that had been worked but had not been billed totaled $152.4 million and $140.0 million, respectively, and are included in accounts receivable in the consolidated balance sheets.

Other Services Revenue

We offer other services to our customers that are transferred over time including: MSPs providing agency services (as further described below in Gross Versus Net Policies), RPO, other outsourcing services, and retained search services, as well as separately billable travel and housing costs, which in total amount to less than 5% of our consolidated revenue for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020. Generally, billing and payment terms for MSP agency services are consistent with temporary staffing as the customers are similar or the same. Revenue from these services is recognized based on the contractual amount for services completed to date which best depicts the transfer of control of services.

For our RPO, other outsourcing, and retained search services, revenue is generally recognized in the amount to which the entity has a right to invoice which corresponds directly with the value to the customer. We do not, in the ordinary course of business, offer warranties or refunds.

Gross Versus Net Policies

We record revenue on a gross basis as a principal or on a net basis as an agent depending on the contracted arrangement, as follows:

•We have certain contracts with acute care facilities to provide comprehensive MSP solutions. Under these contract arrangements, we primarily use our nurses, along with third-party subcontractors, to fulfill customer orders. If a subcontractor is used, we invoice our customer for these services, but revenue is recorded at the time of billing, net of any related subcontractor liability. The resulting net revenue represents the administrative fee charged by us for our MSP services.

•Revenue from our Physician Staffing business is recognized on a gross basis as we are the principal in the arrangements.

34

Allowances

We maintain an allowance for doubtful accounts for estimated losses resulting from the inability of our customers to make required payments, which results in a provision for bad debt expense. We determine the adequacy of this allowance based on historical write-off experience, current conditions, an analysis of the aging of outstanding receivable and customer payment patterns, and specific reserves for customers in adverse conditions adjusted for current expectations for the customers or industry. Based on the information currently available, we also considered current expectations of future economic conditions, including the impact of the ongoing COVID pandemic, when estimating our allowance for doubtful accounts. If the financial condition of our customers were to deteriorate, resulting in an impairment of their ability to make payments, additional allowances may be required. We write off specific accounts based on an ongoing review of collectability as well as our past experience with the customer. In addition, we maintain a sales allowance for rate and hour differences which may arise in the ordinary course of business and adjustments to the reserve are recorded as contra-revenue. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, our total allowances were $14.7 million and $6.9 million, respectively.

Contingent liabilities

We are subject to various litigation, claims, investigations, and other proceedings that arise in the ordinary course of our business. These matters primarily relate to employee-related matters that include individual and collective claims, professional liability, tax, and payroll practices. Our healthcare facility customers may also become subject to claims, governmental inquiries and investigations, and legal actions to which we may become a party relating to services provided by our professionals. We record a liability when available information indicates that a loss is probable, and an amount or range of loss can be reasonably estimated. Significant judgment is required to determine both the probability of loss and the estimated amount. At least quarterly, we review our accrual and/or disclosures to reflect the impact of negotiations, settlements, rulings, advice of legal counsel, or new information. However, losses ultimately incurred could materially differ from amounts accrued. See Note 12 - Contingencies.

Income taxes

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases and operating loss and other loss carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. During 2021, the Company fully utilized its federal NOL carryforward and a significant amount of state NOLs. As of December 31, 2022, we have deferred tax assets related to certain state and foreign NOL carryforwards of $1.4 million. But for those NOL carryforwards with an indefinite carryover, the carryforwards will expire as follows: state between 2023 and 2040, and foreign between 2023 and 2027. As of December 31, 2021, we had deferred tax assets related to certain state and foreign NOL carryforwards of $4.5 million.

As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, we had an immaterial amount of valuation allowances on our deferred tax assets. For the year ended December 31, 2021, we recorded a valuation allowance release of $37.5 million (comprised of $18.4 million related to federal NOLs, $7.5 million related to state NOLs, and $11.6 million related to other net deferred tax assets) on the basis of management’s reassessment of the amount of its deferred tax assets that are more likely than not to be realized. For the year ended December 31, 2021, the valuation allowance on an immaterial amount of state NOLs was not released due to the respective expiration periods and specific state taxable income projections. See Note 13 - Income Taxes to our consolidated financial statements.

As of each reporting date, management considers new evidence, both positive and negative, that could affect its view of the future realization of deferred tax assets. As of December 31, 2021, in part because for the 12 quarters ended December 31, 2021, the Company had $110.3 million in cumulative pretax income including permanent items. The Company also has a history of utilizing NOLs prior to expiration, most notably the full utilization of the federal net operating loss carryforward in 2021. The Company forecasts positive pretax book income which is expected to exceed the reversal of its future tax deductions, further proving future estimates of taxable income. Management determined that there was sufficient positive evidence to conclude that it is more likely than not that our net deferred tax assets are realizable. Growth estimates are tied to the increasing demand for healthcare solutions for our customers, including an aging U.S. population, and our customers’ need to keep costs down by using our staffing solutions. We therefore reduced the valuation allowance accordingly.

With regard to negative evidence, the Company did not have any material taxable temporary differences to offset deductible temporary differences and did not have any taxable income available for carryback to offset NOLs. As such, the primary focus

35

of our analysis emphasized the current and prior two-year cumulative pretax income analysis, the full utilization of the federal net operating loss carryforward, and projections of future taxable income.

We are subject to income taxes in the U.S. and certain foreign jurisdictions. Significant judgment is required in determining our consolidated provision for income taxes and recording the related deferred tax assets and liabilities. In the ordinary course of our business there are many transactions and calculations where the ultimate tax determination is uncertain. An unrecognized tax benefit represents the difference between the recognition of benefits related to exposure items for income tax reporting purposes and financial reporting purposes. For the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, the unrecognized tax benefit is included in uncertain tax positions - non-current in the consolidated balance sheets. However, for the year ended December 31, 2021, $0.4 million of the unrecognized tax benefit is classified as an offset to certain state NOLs within the deferred tax asset. As of December 31, 2022, total unrecognized tax benefits recorded was $7.6 million. We reserve for interest and penalties on exposure items, if applicable, which is recorded as a component of the overall income tax provision.

We are regularly under audit by tax authorities. Although the outcome of tax audits is always uncertain, we believe that we have appropriate support for the positions taken on our tax returns and that our annual tax provision includes amounts sufficient to pay any assessments. Nonetheless, the amounts ultimately paid, if any, upon resolution of the issues raised by the taxing authorities may differ materially from the amounts accrued for each year.

Seasonality

See Item 1. Business.

Inflation

We do not believe that inflation had a significant impact on our results of operations for the periods presented. On an ongoing basis, we seek to ensure that billing rates reflect increases in costs due to inflation. In addition, we attempt to minimize any residual impact on our operating results by controlling operating costs.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

See Note 2 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies to our consolidated financial statements.

Stockholders' Equity

See Note 14 - Stockholders' Equity to our consolidated financial statements.

Transactions with Related Parties

See Note 16 - Related Party Transactions to our consolidated financial statements.

Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk.

Interest Rate Risk

We are exposed to variable interest rate risk associated with our Term Loan Agreement entered into on June 8, 2021 and our Loan Agreement entered into on October 25, 2019. These agreements charge interest at a rate based on either SOFR, LIBOR, or Base Rate (as defined in the respective agreements) plus an applicable margin.

A 1% change in interest rates would have resulted in interest expense fluctuating approximately $1.5 million and $1.1 million, respectively, for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021. See Note 8 - Debt to our consolidated financial statements.

36

Foreign Currency Risk

We have minor exposure to the impact of foreign currency fluctuations. Approximately 1% of selling, general and administrative expenses are related to certain software development and information technology support provided by our employees in Pune, India. Changes in foreign currency exchange rates impact translations of foreign denominated assets and liabilities into U.S. dollars and future earnings and cash flows from transactions denominated in different currencies. We have not entered into any foreign currency hedges.

Our international operations transact business in their functional currency. As a result, fluctuations in the value of foreign currencies against the U.S. dollar have an impact on reported results. Expenses denominated in foreign currencies are translated into U.S. dollars at monthly average exchange rates prevailing during the period. Consequently, as the value of the U.S. dollar changes relative to the currencies of our non-U.S. markets, our reported results vary.

Fluctuations in exchange rates also impact the U.S. dollar amount of stockholders’ equity. The assets and liabilities of our non-U.S. subsidiaries are translated into U.S. dollars at the exchange rate in effect at the end of a reporting period. The resulting translation adjustments are recorded in stockholders’ equity, as a component of accumulated other comprehensive loss, included in other stockholders’ equity in our consolidated balance sheets.

Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.

See Item 15 – Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules of Part IV of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure.

None.

Item 9A. Controls and Procedures.

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

We carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our "disclosure controls and procedures" (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act), as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based upon the evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures are effective. Disclosure controls and procedures are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized, communicated to management, including the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer, and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC's rules and forms. The disclosure controls and procedures are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in reports required under the Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, is accumulated and communicated to our management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, in order to allow timely decisions regarding any required disclosure.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) during 2022 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) and Rule 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act). Our internal control system is designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risks that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

37

Management conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2022. In making this assessment, management used the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission, or COSO, in the Internal Control-Integrated Framework (2013 framework).

Due to the timing of all of the 2022 acquisitions and as allowed under SEC guidance, management's assessment of and conclusion regarding the design and effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting excluded the internal control over financial reporting of the acquired businesses, which is relevant to our 2022 consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2022. The financial statements of the acquisitions constitute approximately 6% of total assets and less than 1% of revenues from services of the consolidated financial statement amounts as of and for the year ended December 31, 2022.

Based on its evaluation, management concluded that, as of December 31, 2022, our internal control over financial reporting is effective based on the specific criteria.

Attestation Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

The effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2022 has been audited by Deloitte & Touche LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report which appears in Part IV, Item 15 of this report.

Item 9B. Other Information.

None.

Item 9C. Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections.

Not applicable.

38

PART III

Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance.

Information with respect to directors, executive officers and corporate governance is included in our Definitive Proxy Statement for the 2023 Annual Meeting of Stockholders (Proxy Statement) to be filed pursuant to Regulation 14A with the SEC not later than 120 days after the close of the fiscal year covered by this Annual Report on Form 10-K and such information is incorporated herein by reference.

Item 11. Executive Compensation.

Information with respect to executive compensation is included in our Proxy Statement to be filed with the SEC not later than 120 days after the close of the fiscal year covered by this Annual Report on Form 10-K and such information is incorporated herein by reference.

Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholders Matters.

Information with respect to beneficial ownership of our common stock is included in our Proxy Statement to be filed with the SEC not later than 120 days after the close of the fiscal year covered by this Annual Report on Form 10-K and such information is incorporated herein by reference.

With respect to equity compensation plans as of December 31, 2022, see table below:

Equity compensation plans approved by security holders — $ — 1,787,954

Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders None N/A N/A

(1) For Performance Stock Awards issued under the 2020 Omnibus Incentive Plans, we consider the expected number of shares that may be issued under the award to be outstanding. When the number of Performance Stock Awards have been determined, we true up the actual number of shares that were awarded and return any unawarded shares into shares available for issuance. Performance Stock Awards were issued under the 2020 Omnibus Incentive Plan beginning March 31, 2021. See Note 14 - Stockholders' Equity to our consolidated financial statements.

Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence.

Information with respect to certain relationships and related transactions, and director independence is included in our Proxy Statement to be filed with the SEC not later than 120 days after the close of the fiscal year covered by this Annual Report on Form 10-K and such information is incorporated herein by reference.

Item 14. Principal Accountant Fees and Services.

Information with respect to the fees and services of our principal accountant is included in our Proxy Statement to be filed with the SEC not later than 120 days after the close of the fiscal year covered by this Annual Report on Form 10-K and such information is incorporated herein by reference.

39

PART IV

Item 15. Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules.

(a) Documents filed as part of the report.

(1) Consolidated Financial Statements

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2022 and 2021

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(2) Financial Statements Schedule

(3) Exhibits

40

EXHIBIT INDEX

No. Description

41

EXHIBIT INDEX (CONTINUED)

No. Description

42

EXHIBIT INDEX (CONTINUED)

No. Description

*21.1 List of subsidiaries of the Registrant

43

EXHIBIT INDEX (CONTINUED)

No. Description

*101.INS XBRL Instance Document

*101.SCH XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document

*101.DEF XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document

*101.LAB XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document

*101.CAL XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document

*101.PRE PRE XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document

________________

# Represents a management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement

* Filed herewith

** Furnished herewith

44

Item 16. Form 10-K Summary.

Not applicable.

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this Report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

CROSS COUNTRY HEALTHCARE, INC.

By: /s/ John A. Martins

Name: John A. Martins

Title: President & Chief Executive Officer

Principal Executive Officer

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this Report has been signed by the following persons in the capacities indicated and on the dates indicated:

Signature Title Date

/s/ John A. Martins President & Chief Executive Officer February 23, 2023

John A. Martins (Principal Executive Officer)

William J. Burns (Principal Financial Officer)

James V. Redd III (Principal Accounting Officer)

/s/ Dwayne Allen Director February 23, 2023

Dwayne Allen

/s/ Venkat Bhamidipati Director February 23, 2023

Venkat Bhamidipati

/s/ W. Larry Cash Director February 23, 2023

W. Larry Cash

/s/ Kevin C. Clark Director February 23, 2023

Kevin C. Clark

/s/ Thomas C. Dircks Director February 23, 2023

Thomas C. Dircks

/s/ Gale Fitzgerald Director February 23, 2023

Gale Fitzgerald

/s/ Janice E. Nevin, M.D., MPH Director February 23, 2023

Janice E. Nevin, M.D., MPH

/s/ Mark Perlberg Director February 23, 2023

Mark Perlberg

45

INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Page

Cross Country Healthcare, Inc.

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (PCAOB ID No. 34) F- 2

Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 F- 4

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements F- 8

Financial Statement Schedule

Schedules not filed herewith are either not applicable, the information is not material, or the information is set forth in the consolidated financial statements or notes thereto.

F-1

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the shareholders and the Board of Directors of Cross Country Healthcare, Inc.

Opinions on the Financial Statements and Internal Control over Financial Reporting

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Cross Country Healthcare, Inc. and subsidiaries (the "Company") as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the related consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss), shareholders' equity, and cash flows, for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2022, and the related notes and the schedule listed in the Index at Item 15 (collectively referred to as the "financial statements"). We also have audited the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2022, based on criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO).

In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2022, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Also, in our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2022, based on criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013) issued by COSO.

As described in Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting, management excluded from its assessment the internal control over financial reporting for the 2022 acquisitions (collectively, the "Excluded Acquisitions"), which were acquired during the year ended December 31, 2022, and whose financial statements constitute approximately 6% of total assets, and less than 1% of revenue from services of the consolidated financial statement amounts as of and for the year ended December 31, 2022. Accordingly, our audit did not include the internal control over financial reporting at the Excluded Acquisitions.

Basis for Opinions

The Company’s management is responsible for these financial statements, for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements and an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud, and whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects.

Our audits of the financial statements included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures to respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audits also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinions.

Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and

F-2

expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

Critical Audit Matters

The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current-period audit of the financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that (1) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.

Insurance Claim Liabilities — Refer to Notes 2 and 7 to the financial statements

Critical Audit Matter Description

The Company provides workers’ compensation insurance coverage and professional liability coverage for eligible employees. The Company records its estimate of the ultimate cost of, and reserves for, workers' compensation and professional liability benefits based on actuarial models prepared by an independent actuary using the Company’s loss history as well as industry statistics. The Company’s consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2022 includes short-term and long-term accruals for workers’ compensation and professional liability claims of $15.9 million and $32.5 million, respectively.

We identified the insurance claim liabilities for workers’ compensation coverage and professional liability coverage as a critical audit matter because of the significant assumptions made by management in estimating the liability. This required a moderate degree of auditor judgment as well as increased effort, including the involvement of actuarial specialists in performing procedures to evaluate the reasonableness of management’s judgement in estimating the liability.

How the Critical Audit Matter Was Addressed in the Audit

Our audit procedures related to insurance claims liabilities for workers’ compensation coverage and professional liability coverage included the following, among others:

•We tested the effectiveness of controls related to insurance claim liabilities, including those over the assumptions used to estimate the insurance claim liabilities.

•We tested the underlying data that served as the basis for the actuarial analysis, including historical paid claims, to test that the inputs to the actuarial estimate were complete and accurate.

•We involved actuarial specialists with specialized skill, industry knowledge, and relevant experience who assisted in:

–Comparing prior year expected development and ultimate loss to actuals incurred during the current year to identify potential bias in the determination of the insurance claim liabilities.

–Developing an independent range of estimates of the insurance claim liabilities, utilizing paid and reported loss development factors from the Company’s historical data and industry loss development factors.

–Evaluating qualifications of the Company’s actuaries by assessing the certifications and determining whether they meet the Qualification Standards of the American Academy of Actuaries to render the statements of actuarial opinion in their analyses.

/s/ Deloitte & Touche LLP

Boca Raton, Florida

We have served as the Company's auditor since 2015.

F-3

CROSS COUNTRY HEALTHCARE, INC.

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(amounts in thousands, except for share data)

December 31,

Assets

Current assets:

Cash and cash equivalents $ 3,604 $ 1,036

Income taxes receivable 10,915 —

Insurance recovery receivable 7,434 5,041

Operating lease right-of-use assets 3,254 7,488

Non-current insurance recovery receivable 23,058 13,998

Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity

Current liabilities:

Current portion of debt — 4,176

Operating lease liabilities - current 4,132 4,090

Current portion of earnout liability 7,500 7,500

Operating lease liabilities - non-current 4,880 10,853

Uncertain tax positions - non-current 7,646 8,994

Other non-current liabilities 3,838 4,984

Commitments and contingencies

Stockholders' equity:

Accumulated other comprehensive loss (1,387) (1,293)

Retained earnings (accumulated deficit) 165,726 (22,735)

Total liabilities and stockholders' equity $ 947,839 $ 732,809

See accompanying notes.

F- 4

CROSS COUNTRY HEALTHCARE, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)

(amounts in thousands, except per share data)

Year Ended December 31,

Operating expenses:

Acquisition and integration-related costs 726 1,068 77

Other expenses (income):

Loss on early extinguishment of debt 3,728 — —

Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest in subsidiary — — 820

Other comprehensive loss:

Unrealized foreign currency translation loss, net of tax (94) (13) (40)

Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest in subsidiary — — 820

Weighted average common shares outstanding:

See accompanying notes.

F- 5

CROSS COUNTRY HEALTHCARE, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(amounts in thousands)

Shares Dollars

Vesting of restricted stock 306 — (658) — — — (658)

Equity compensation — — 5,403 — — — 5,403

Foreign currency translation adjustment, net of taxes — — — (40) — — (40)

Distribution to noncontrolling shareholder — — — — — (1,154) (1,154)

Equity compensation — — 6,894 — — — 6,894

Foreign currency translation adjustment, net of taxes — — — (13) — — (13)

Dissolution of noncontrolling interest — — — — — (324) (324)

Distribution to noncontrolling shareholder — — — — — (210) (210)

Equity compensation — — 7,393 — — — 7,393

Foreign currency translation adjustment, net of taxes — — — (94) — — (94)

See accompanying notes.

F- 6

CROSS COUNTRY HEALTHCARE, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(amounts in thousands)

Year Ended December 31,

Cash flows from operating activities

Deferred income tax expense (benefit) 5,062 (9,927) (932)

Loss on early extinguishment of debt 3,728 — —

Changes in operating assets and liabilities:

Cash flows from investing activities

Acquisitions, net of cash acquired (35,182) (27,970) —

Acquisition-related settlements 94 1,094 —

Cash flows from financing activities

Proceeds from term loan — 175,000 —

Principal payments on term loan (100,438) (688) —

Cash paid for shares withheld for taxes (5,267) (2,230) (658)

Payment of contingent consideration (7,500) — (79)

Cash payments to noncontrolling shareholder — (210) (1,153)

Stock repurchase and retirement (35,285) — —

Effect of exchange rate changes on cash (9) 6 (11)

Change in cash and cash equivalents 2,568 (564) 568

Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year 1,036 1,600 1,032

Cash and cash equivalents at end of year $ 3,604 $ 1,036 $ 1,600

Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:

See accompanying notes.

F- 7

CROSS COUNTRY HEALTHCARE, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

DECEMBER 31, 2022

1. Organization and Basis of Presentation

Nature of Business

Cross Country Healthcare, Inc. (the Company) provides total talent management services, including strategic workforce solutions, contingent staffing, permanent placement, and consultative services for healthcare customers. The Company places highly qualified healthcare professionals in virtually every specialty and area of expertise. Its diverse customer base includes both clinical and nonclinical settings, servicing both public and private acute care and non-acute care hospitals, outpatient clinics, ambulatory-care centers, single and multi-specialty physician practices, rehabilitation facilities, urgent care centers, local and national healthcare systems, managed care providers, both public schools and charter schools, correctional facilities, government facilities, pharmacies, and many other healthcare providers.

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its direct and indirect wholly-owned subsidiaries, as well as Cross Country Talent Acquisition Group, LLC, which was a joint venture controlled by the Company but not wholly owned. The Company recorded the ownership interest of the noncontrolling shareholder as noncontrolling interest in subsidiary. Effective December 31, 2020, the sole professional staffing services agreement held by this joint venture was terminated and, as a result, the Company dissolved Cross Country Talent Acquisition Group, LLC in the third quarter of 2021. All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation.

Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation. See the consolidated balance sheets, statements of stockholders' equity, and statements of cash flows, and Note 7 - Balance Sheet Details.

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Use of Estimates

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with United States generally accepted accounting principles (U.S. GAAP) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Management has assessed various accounting estimates and other matters, including those that require consideration of forecasted financial information, in context of the unknown future impacts of the global COVID pandemic using information that is reasonably available to the Company at the time. Significant estimates and assumptions are used for, but not limited to: (i) the valuation of accounts receivable; (ii) goodwill, trade names, and other intangible assets; (iii) other long-lived assets; (iv) revenue recognition; (v) accruals for health, workers’ compensation, and professional liability claims; (vi) valuation of deferred tax assets; (vii) legal contingencies, and (viii) income taxes. Accrued insurance claims and reserves include estimated settlements from known claims and actuarial estimates for claims incurred but not reported. As additional information becomes available to the Company, its future assessment of these estimates, including management's expectations at the time regarding the duration, scope, and severity of the pandemic, as well as other factors, could materially and adversely impact the Company's consolidated financial statements in future reporting periods. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Risks and Uncertainties

The Company’s future results of operations and liquidity could be materially adversely affected by macroeconomic factors contributing to delays in payments from customers and inflationary pressure, uncertain or reduced demand, and the impact of any initiatives or programs that the Company may undertake to address financial and operational challenges faced by its customers.

The Company is also subject to additional risks and uncertainties due to the ongoing COVID pandemic. The extent of the impact on the Company’s business is highly uncertain and difficult to predict. See associated risk factors in Item 1A. Risk Factors in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

The Company considers all investments with original maturities of three months or less to be cash and cash equivalents. Interest income on cash and cash equivalents was immaterial for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020, and is included in other income (expense), net, in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss).

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CROSS COUNTRY HEALTHCARE, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

DECEMBER 31, 2022

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)

Accounts Receivable, Allowance for Doubtful Accounts, and Concentration of Credit Risk

Accounts receivable potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk. The Company generally does not require collateral and mitigates its credit risk by performing credit evaluations and monitoring at-risk accounts. The allowance for doubtful accounts is established for losses expected to be incurred on accounts receivable balances. Accounts receivable are written off against the allowance for doubtful accounts when the Company determines amounts are no longer collectible. Judgment is required in the estimation of the allowance and the Company evaluates the collectability of its accounts receivable based on a combination of factors. The Company bases its allowance for doubtful account estimates on its historical write-off experience, current conditions, an analysis of the aging of outstanding receivable and customer payment patterns, and specific reserves for customers in adverse condition adjusted for current expectations for the customers or industry. Based on the information currently available, the Company also considered current expectations of future economic conditions, including the impact of the ongoing COVID pandemic, when estimating its allowance for doubtful accounts.

The opening balance of the allowance for doubtful accounts is reconciled to the closing balance for expected credit losses as follows:

Allowance for Doubtful Accounts (amounts in thousands)

Write-Offs, net of Recoveries (365) (699)

Write-Offs, net of Recoveries (426) (358)

Write-Offs, net of Recoveries (593) (138)

Write-Offs, net of Recoveries (1,254) (917)

In addition to the allowance for doubtful accounts, the Company maintains a sales allowance for billing-related adjustments which may arise in the ordinary course of business and adjustments to the reserve are recorded as contra-revenue. The balance of this allowance as of December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021 was $1.6 million and $0.8 million, respectively.

The Company’s contract terms typically require payment between 30 to 60 days from the date of invoice and are considered past due based on the particular negotiated contract terms. The majority of the Company's customers are healthcare systems with a significant percentage in acute-care facilities. No single customer accounted for more than 10% of the Company's accounts receivable balance as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, or revenue for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020.

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is determined on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of the assets, which generally range from three to ten years. Leasehold improvements are depreciated over the shorter of 10 years or the term of the individual lease. On an annual basis, the Company reviews its property and equipment listings and disposes of assets that are no longer in use.

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CROSS COUNTRY HEALTHCARE, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

DECEMBER 31, 2022

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)

Certain software development costs have been capitalized. Such costs include charges for consulting services and costs for Company personnel associated with programming, coding, and testing such software. Amortization of capitalized software costs is included in depreciation and amortization expense in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss) and begins when the software is ready for use. See Note 6 - Property and Equipment.

Cloud Computing Arrangements

Implementation costs associated with cloud computing arrangements are capitalized when incurred during the application development phase. In connection with the licensing of software products, the Company has entered into arrangements in which it does not take possession of the software; rather, the software application resides on the vendor's or a third-party's hardware, and the Company accesses and uses the software on an as-needed basis over the Internet or via a dedicated line. Therefore, the cloud computing arrangement does not give rise to an intangible asset. Costs are capitalized in accordance with the Company’s policies for other capitalizable service costs. Amortization is calculated over the contractual term of the cloud computing arrangement and is included in selling, general and administrative expenses in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss). As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company has a current asset of $0.5 million included in prepaid expenses and a non-current asset of $4.5 million and $4.8 million, respectively, included in other non-current assets in the consolidated balance sheets that have been capitalized in conjunction with implementations. Amortization of the cloud computing assets was $0.6 million and $0.4 million for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, and immaterial for the year ended December 31, 2020.

Leases

The Company determines whether an arrangement constitutes a lease at commencement. Operating leases are included in operating lease right-of-use assets, operating lease liabilities - current, and operating lease liabilities - non-current in the consolidated balance sheets. Finance leases are included in other non-current assets, other current liabilities, and other long-term liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets. See Note 9 - Leases.

Right-of-use assets are measured based on the corresponding lease liability adjusted for: (i) payments made to the lessor at or before the commencement date; (ii) initial direct costs; and (iii) tenant incentives under the lease. Rent expense commences when the lessor makes the underlying asset available to the Company. Lease liabilities are measured based on the present value of the total lease payments not yet paid discounted based on its incremental borrowing rate, as the rate implicit in the lease is not determinable. The Company estimates its incremental borrowing rate based on an analysis of publicly-traded debt securities of companies with credit and financial profiles similar to its own. The variable portion of the lease payments is not included in the right-of-use assets or lease liabilities. Rather, variable payments, other than those dependent upon an index or rate, are expensed when the obligation for those payments is incurred and are included in lease expense in selling, general and administrative expense in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss). Rent expense for operating lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. The Company does not assume renewals or early terminations unless it is reasonably certain to exercise these options at commencement.

The Company leases apartments for eligible field employees under short-term agreements (typically three to six months), which generally coincide with each employee’s staffing contract. Costs relating to these leases are included in direct operating expenses in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss).

Business Combinations

Business combinations are accounted for at fair value. The associated acquisition costs are expensed as incurred and recorded as acquisition and integration-related costs; noncontrolling interests, if any, are reflected at fair value at the acquisition date; restructuring costs associated with a business combination are expensed; contingent consideration is measured at fair value at the acquisition date, with changes in the fair value after the acquisition date affecting earnings; and goodwill is determined as the excess of the fair value of the consideration conveyed in the acquisition over the fair value of the net assets acquired. The accounting for business combinations requires estimates and judgments as to expectations for future cash flows of the acquired business, and the allocation of those cash flows to identifiable intangible assets, in determining the estimated fair value for assets and liabilities acquired. The fair values assigned to tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed are based on management's estimates and assumptions, including valuations that utilize customary valuation procedures and techniques. If the actual results differ from the estimates and judgments used in these estimates, the amounts recorded in the financial statements could result in a possible impairment of the intangible assets and goodwill or require acceleration of the amortization expense of

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CROSS COUNTRY HEALTHCARE, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

DECEMBER 31, 2022

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)

finite-lived intangible assets. The results of the acquired businesses' operations are included in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss) of the combined entity beginning on the date of acquisition. See Note 4 - Acquisitions.

Goodwill, Trade Names, and Other Intangible Assets

Goodwill represents the excess of purchase price and related costs over the fair value assigned to the net tangible and identifiable intangible assets of businesses acquired. Other identifiable intangible assets with definite lives are being amortized using the straight-line method over their estimated useful lives which have ranged from 2 to 16 years. Goodwill and certain intangible assets with indefinite lives are not amortized. Instead, these assets are reviewed for impairment annually at the beginning of the fourth quarter, and whenever circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of a reporting unit below its carrying amount.

When reviewed, the Company has the option to first assess qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, as a basis for determining whether it is necessary to perform the quantitative testing. If it is determined that a quantitative test is necessary or more efficient than a qualitative approach, the Company measures the fair value of its reporting units using a combination of income and market approaches.

The Company performs its annual review on October 1. If the reporting unit’s carrying value exceeds its fair value, an impairment charge is recognized for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit’s fair value not to exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. Additionally, income tax effects from any tax deductible goodwill on the carrying amount of the reporting unit when measuring the goodwill impairment loss is considered, if applicable.

The Company determines its reporting units by identifying its operating segments and any component businesses and aggregates the component businesses if they have similar economic characteristics.

Management considers historical experience and all available information at the time the fair values of its reporting units are estimated. However, fair values that could be realized in an actual transaction may have differed from those used to evaluate the potential impairment of goodwill.

Long-lived assets and identifiable intangible assets with definite lives are evaluated for impairment. Long-lived assets and definite-lived intangible assets are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying amount may not be recoverable.

Recoverability of long-lived assets is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of the asset group to the future undiscounted net cash flow that is expected to be generated by those assets. If such assets are considered to be impaired, the impairment charge recognized is the amount by which the carrying amount of the assets exceeds the fair value of the assets.

Any related impairment losses are recognized in earnings and included in the caption impairment charges in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss). See Note 5 - Goodwill, Trade Names, and Other Intangible Assets.

Debt Discount and Debt Issuance Costs

Stated discounts on proceeds and other fees reimbursed to lenders were treated as a discount associated with the respective debt instrument and presented in the balance sheet as an offset to the carrying amount of the debt. Debt issuance costs associated with the revolving line-of-credit are presented as an asset, included in other non-current assets in the balance sheet. Discounts are amortized to interest expense using the effective interest rate method, or a method that approximates the effective interest rate method, over the expected life of the debt.

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CROSS COUNTRY HEALTHCARE, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

DECEMBER 31, 2022

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)

Sales and Other State Non-Income Tax Liabilities

The Company's sales and other state non-income tax filings are subject to routine audits by authorities in the jurisdictions where it conducts business in the United States which may result in assessments of additional taxes. The Company accrues sales and other state non-income tax liabilities based on the Company’s best estimate of its probable liability utilizing currently available information and interpretation of relevant tax regulations. Given the nature of the Company’s business, some subjectivity exists as to both whether sales and other state non-income taxes can be assessed on its activity and how the sales tax will ultimately be measured by the relevant jurisdictions. The Company makes a determination for each reporting period whether the estimates for sales and other non-income taxes in certain states should be revised. The expense is included in selling, general and administrative expenses on its consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss) and the liability is reflected in sales tax payable within other current liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets.

Insurance Claims

The Company provides workers’ compensation insurance coverage, professional liability coverage, and healthcare benefits for eligible employees. The Company records its estimate of the ultimate cost of, and reserves for, workers' compensation and professional liability benefits based on actuarial models prepared or reviewed by an independent actuary using the Company’s loss history as well as industry statistics. The healthcare insurance accrual is for estimated claims that have occurred but have not been reported and is based on the Company’s historical claim submission patterns. Furthermore, in determining its reserves, the Company includes reserves for estimated claims incurred but not reported as well as unfavorable claims development.

Under circumstances such as in the Company’s insured professional liability and workers' compensation policies, since a right of legal offset does not exist due to the fact that there are three parties to an incurred claim, the insured, the insurer, and the claimant, the related liability to the claimant should be classified separately on a gross basis with a separate related receivable from the insurer recognized as being due from insurance carriers. Accordingly, the Company’s consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 reflect the related short-term liabilities in accrued compensation and benefits and the relatedlong-term liabilities as non-current accrued claims, and the short-term receivable portion as insurance recovery receivable and the long-term portion as non-current insurance recovery receivable. See Note 7 - Balance Sheet Details. The ultimate cost of workers’ compensation, professional liability, and health insurance claims will depend on actual amounts incurred to settle those claims and may differ from the amounts reserved by the Company for those claims.

Workers’ compensation benefits are provided under a partially self-insured plan. The Company has letters of credit to guarantee payments of claims. At December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company had outstanding approximately $17.7 million and $16.7 million, respectively, of standby letters of credit as collateral to secure the self-insured portion of this plan.

The Company has occurrence-based primary professional liability policies that provide the Company and each working professional in its nurse and allied healthcare business with coverage. The Company has a claims-made professional liability policy for its physicians and advanced practitioners, with a $0.5 million self-insured retention per claim. At December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company had outstanding $0.4 million and $1.5 million, respectively, of standby letters of credit as collateral to secure reimbursement of expenses under the existing plan.

Subject to certain limitations, the Company also has umbrella liability coverage for its working nurses and allied healthcare professionals. While this umbrella coverage does not extend to professional liability claims against its independent contractor physicians and advanced practitioners, it does cover claims brought against all of the Company’s subsidiaries for non-patient general liability.

Revenue Recognition

Revenue from the Company’s services is recognized when control of the promised services are transferred to the Company’s customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration it expects to receive in exchange for the service. The Company has concluded that transfer of control of its staffing services, which represents the majority of its revenues, occurs over time as the services are provided.

The following is a description of the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows from which the Company generates revenue.

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CROSS COUNTRY HEALTHCARE, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

DECEMBER 31, 2022

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)

Temporary Staffing Revenue

Revenue from temporary staffing is recognized as control of the services is transferred over time and is based on hours worked by the Company’s field staff. The Company recognizes the majority of its revenue at the contractual amount the Company has the right to invoice for services completed to date. Generally, billing to customers occurs weekly, bi-weekly, or monthly and is aligned with the payment of services to the temporary staff. Accounts receivable includes estimated revenue for employees’ and independent contractors’ time worked but not yet invoiced. At December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the Company's estimate of amounts that had been worked but had not been billed totaled $152.4 million and $140.0 million, respectively, and are included in accounts receivable in the consolidated balance sheets.

Other Services Revenue

The Company offers other optional services to its customers that are transferred over time including: managed service programs (MSP) providing agency services (as further described below in Gross Versus Net Policies), recruitment process outsourcing (RPO), other outsourcing services, and retained search services, as well as separately billable travel and housing costs, which in total amount to less than 5% of its consolidated revenue for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020. Generally, billing and payment terms for MSP agency services is consistent with temporary staffing as the customers are similar or the same. Revenue from these services are recognized based on the contractual amount for services completed to date which best depicts the transfer of control of services. The Company does not, in the ordinary course of business, offer warranties or refunds.

Gross Versus Net Policies

The Company records revenue on a gross basis as a principal or on a net basis as an agent depending on the contracted arrangement, as follows:

Managed Service Programs (MSP)

The Company has certain contracts with healthcare facilities to provide comprehensive services through its MSPs. Under these contractual arrangements, the customer’s orders are filled with either one of the Company's healthcare professionals or a third party's healthcare professionals (subcontractors).

When its healthcare professional is staffed, the Company determined that it acts as a principal in the arrangement, as it is considered the employer of record. Accordingly, revenue is reported on a gross basis in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss).

Alternatively, the Company determined that it acts as an agent in the arrangement when a subcontracted healthcare professional is staffed, as the Company does not control the services before they are transferred to the customer. Accordingly, revenue is reported on a net basis in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss). The customer is invoiced for the hours worked by the subcontracted healthcare professional multiplied by the hourly bill rate. A subcontractor liability is recognized as a reduction of revenue, net of an administrative fee, and is generally payable after the Company has received payment from its customer. The Company’s administrative fee is calculated as a percentage of the customer’s invoice and is recognized over time as the services are rendered by the subcontracted healthcare professional. The Company does not collect or recognize an upfront placement fee.

Physician Staffing

The Physician Staffing business has contracts with its healthcare customers to provide temporary staffing services. The Company uses independent contractors for these services. The Company determined that it acts as a principal in these arrangements and, therefore, revenue is reported on a gross basis in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss).

See Note 3 - Revenue Recognition for the Company's revenues disaggregated by revenue source. Sales and usage-based taxes are excluded from revenue.

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CROSS COUNTRY HEALTHCARE, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

DECEMBER 31, 2022

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)

Contract Costs

All contract fulfillment costs are expensed as incurred to direct operating expenses. There were no contract assets or material contract liabilities as of December 31, 2022 and 2021.

Practical Expedients and Exemptions

For the Company’s contracts that have an original duration of one year or less, the Company uses the practical expedients and has elected to recognize any incremental costs of obtaining these contracts as expensed when incurred. Further, the Company does not disclose the value of unsatisfied performance obligations for: (i) contracts with an original expected length of one year or less; and (ii) contracts for which it recognizes revenue at the amount to which it has the right to invoice for services performed.

Share-Based Compensation

For the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020, the Company granted performance-based stock awards and restricted stock for a fixed number of common shares to employees. The Company values its restricted stock awards and the fair value of its performance-based stock awards by reference to its stock price on the date of grant. The Company has elected to recognize compensation expense on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period of the entire award.

The Company granted performance-based stock awards to certain key personnel pursuant to its 2014 Omnibus Incentive Plan, amended and restated on May 23, 2017 (2017 Plan), and replaced by the 2020 Omnibus Incentive Plan, effective for awards granted after May 19, 2020, as described in Note 14 - Stockholders' Equity. Pursuant to the plans, the number of target shares that vest are determined based on the level of attainment of the targets. If a minimum level of performance is attained for the awards, restricted stock is issued based on the level of attainment. The Company recognizes performance-based restricted stock as compensation expense based on the most likely probability of attaining the prescribed performance and over the requisite service period beginning at its grant date and through the date the restricted stock vests.

Compensation expense related to share-based payments is included in selling, general and administrative expenses in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss), and totaled $7.4 million, $6.9 million, and $5.4 million during the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020, respectively. See Note 14 - Stockholders’ Equity.

Advertising

The Company’s advertising expense consists of programmatic advertising, display, search, internet, social media, video, and promotional aids and materials. Advertising costs are expensed as incurred and totaled $16.1 million, $9.5 million, and $6.2 million for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020, respectively, and are included in selling, general and administrative expenses in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss).

Restructuring Costs

The Company considers restructuring activities to be programs whereby it fundamentally changes its operations, such as closing and consolidating facilities, reducing headcount, and realigning operations in response to changing market conditions. As a result, restructuring costs on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss) primarily include employee termination costs and lease-related exit costs.

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CROSS COUNTRY HEALTHCARE, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

DECEMBER 31, 2022

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)

Reconciliations of the employee termination costs and lease-related exit costs beginning and ending liability balance is presented below:

Year Ended December 31,

(amounts in thousands)

________________

(a) Restructuring costs in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss) for the year ended December 31, 2022 include a benefit of $1.4 million in the second quarter associated with the early termination of the lease for one of the Company's corporate offices which was previously restructured. Aside from what is presented in the table above, restructuring costs in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss) for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 include $1.3 million and $1.1 million, respectively, and an immaterial amount for the year ended December 31, 2022, of ongoing lease costs related to the Company's strategic reduction in its real estate footprint, which are included as operating lease liabilities - current and non-current in our consolidated balance sheets. Other costs were immaterial for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020.

Income Taxes

Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are determined based upon differences between the financial reporting and tax basis of assets and liabilities, and are measured using the enacted tax rates and laws that will be in effect when the differences are expected to reverse.

The Company recognizes in its financial statements the impact of a tax position if that position is more likely than not of being sustained on audit, based on the technical merits of the position. The Company recognizes interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits in the provision for income taxes.

The Company determines the need for a valuation allowance by assessing the probability of realizing deferred tax assets, taking into consideration all available positive and negative evidence, including historical operating results, expectations of future taxable income, carryforward periods available to the Company for tax reporting purposes, the evaluation of various income tax planning strategies, and other relevant factors. The Company maintains a valuation allowance when it is more likely than not that all or a portion of a deferred tax asset will not be realized based on consideration of all available evidence. Adjustments to the deferred tax valuation allowances are made to earnings in the period when such assessments are made. Significant judgment is required in making this assessment. See Note 13 - Income Taxes.

Comprehensive Income (Loss)

Total comprehensive income (loss) includes net income or loss and foreign currency translation adjustments, net of any related deferred taxes, and is included within the accompanying consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss). Certain of the Company’s foreign subsidiaries use their respective local currency as their functional currency. Assets and liabilities of these operations are translated at the exchange rates in effect on the balance sheet date. Income statement items are translated at the average exchange rates for the period. The cumulative impact of currency fluctuations related to the balance sheet translation is included in accumulated other comprehensive loss in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets and was an unrealized loss of $1.5 million at December 31, 2022 and $1.3 million at December 31, 2021.

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CROSS COUNTRY HEALTHCARE, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

DECEMBER 31, 2022

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)

The income tax impact related to components of other comprehensive income (loss) for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 is included in unrealized foreign currency translation loss, net of tax in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss). There was no income tax impact related to components of other comprehensive income (loss) for the year ended December 31, 2020.

Fair Value Measurements

Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) guidance defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value under U.S. GAAP, and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. The Company’s financial assets and liabilities required to be measured on a recurring basis were its: (i) deferred compensation asset and (ii) deferred compensation liability as of December 31, 2022. See Note 10 - Fair Value Measurements.

Earnings Per Share

Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing net income available to common stockholders (numerator) by the weighted average number of vested unrestricted common shares outstanding during the period (denominator). Diluted earnings per share gives effect to all dilutive potential common shares outstanding during the period including stock appreciation rights and options and unvested restricted stock, as calculated utilizing the treasury stock method. See Note 15 - Earnings Per Share.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

On October 28, 2021, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2021-08, Business Combinations (Topic 805): Accounting for Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities from Contracts with Customers, which requires contract assets and contract liabilities such as deferred revenue acquired in a business combination to be recognized and measured by the acquirer on the acquisition date in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. Generally, this amendment will result in the acquirer recognizing contract assets and contract liabilities at the same amounts recorded by the acquiree. Historically such amounts were recognized by the acquirer at fair value in acquisition accounting. This guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The amendments should be applied prospectively to business combinations occurring on or after the effective date of the amendments. Early adoption is permitted, including adoption in an interim period. The Company expects to adopt this standard in its first quarter of 2023 as it relates to applicable acquisitions.

3. Revenue Recognition

The Company's revenues from customer contracts are generated from temporary staffing services and other services. Revenue is disaggregated by segment in the following table. See Note 2 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies.

NurseAnd AlliedStaffing PhysicianStaffing Total Segments

(amounts in thousands)

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CROSS COUNTRY HEALTHCARE, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

DECEMBER 31, 2022

3. Revenue Recognition (continued)

NurseAnd AlliedStaffing PhysicianStaffing Total Segments

(amounts in thousands)

NurseAnd AlliedStaffing PhysicianStaffing Total Segments

(amounts in thousands)

________________

As a result of the Company modifying its reportable segments in 2021, Other Services in the amount of $10.5 million included in the previously-reported Search segment have been reclassified to Nurse and Allied Staffing for the year ended December 31, 2020. See Note 17 - Segment Data.

4. Acquisitions

HireUp

On December 13, 2022, the Company purchased and acquired substantially all of the assets and assumed certain liabilities of HireUp Leadership Inc. (HireUp) for a purchase price of $6.0 million in cash, subject to adjustment, and $0.8 million in shares (or 29,811 shares) of the Company's common stock.

The sellers are eligible to receive up to an additional $8.0 million in earnout cash consideration based on HireUp's revenues and Adjusted EBITDA for each of the twelve-month periods ending on the first and second anniversaries of the first day after the closing date. The earnout liability is included in non-current earnout liability on the consolidated balance sheets.

$14.5 million has been recorded as goodwill on the Company's consolidated balance sheet.

Mint

On October 3, 2022, the Company purchased and acquired substantially all of the assets and assumed certain liabilities of Mint Medical Physician Staffing, LP and Lotus Medical Staffing LLC (collectively, Mint) for a purchase price of $27.0 million in cash, subject to adjustment, and $3.6 million in shares (or 114,278 shares) of the Company's common stock.

The sellers are eligible to receive up to an additional $10.0 million in earnout cash consideration based on Mint's revenues and gross profit for each of the twelve-month periods ending on the first and second anniversaries of the first day of the calendar month following the closing date. The earnout liability is included in non-current earnout liability on the consolidated balance sheets.

$35.2 million has been recorded as goodwill on the Company's consolidated balance sheet.

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CROSS COUNTRY HEALTHCARE, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

DECEMBER 31, 2022

4. Acquisitions (continued)

Local Business

On December 15, 2022, the Company purchased and acquired certain assets and assumed certain liabilities of an Ohio based business for a purchase price of $2.0 million in cash, subject to customary post closing adjustments.

An immaterial amount has been recorded as goodwill on the Company's consolidated balance sheet.

These transactions were treated as a purchase of assets for income tax purposes.The Company has not completed its valuation of assets acquired and liabilities assumed for the above acquisitions. Any necessary adjustments will be finalized within one year from the date of the acquisition

The above acquisitions made in 2022, Mint, Lotus, HireUp, and a local business, both individually and in the aggregate, were not significant and have been accounted for using the acquisition method of accounting. The pro-forma impact on the Company's consolidated revenue from services and net income, including the pro forma effect of events that are directly attributable to the acquisitions, was not significant.

Selected

On December 16, 2021, the Company purchased and acquired substantially all of the assets and assumed certain liabilities of Selected, Inc. (Selected) for a purchase price of $3.5 million in cash, subject to adjustment, and $1.5 million in shares (or 59,429 shares) of the Company's common stock. The transaction was treated as a purchase of assets for income tax purposes.

The sellers were eligible to receive up to an additional $1.5 million in earnout cash consideration based on Selected's revenues for each of the twelve-month periods ending on the first and second anniversaries of the first day after the closing date. In the second quarter of 2022, the Company determined that the contingent consideration earnout related to the Selected acquisition would not be achieved for 2022 and 2023 and, as a result, the entire liability was reversed. See Note 10 - Fair Value Measurements.

The Company assigned the following values to other identifiable intangible assets: (i) an immaterial amount to trade names with a weighted average estimated useful life of 2 years; (ii) $1.7 million to software with a weighted average estimated useful life of 5 years; and (iii) $2.9 million to a database, consisting of education professionals, with a weighted average estimated useful life of 5 years, for a total of $4.6 million in definite life intangible assets with a weighted average estimated useful life of 5 years.

The remaining excess purchase price over the fair value of net assets acquired of $0.4 million was recorded as goodwill on the Company's consolidated balance sheets. See Note 5 - Goodwill, Trade Names, and Other Intangible Assets.

The acquisition of Selected, Inc. primarily consists of a Software as a Service, subscription-based recruiting and talent matching platform. The acquisition was not significant and has been accounted for using the acquisition method of accounting. Selected's results of operations, since the date of acquisition, are included in the Cross Country Education business unit within the Nurse and Allied Staffing business segment, and are not material. Associated immaterial acquisition-related costs incurred have been included in acquisition and integration-related costs on the Company's consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss) for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021.

Cross Country Workforce Solutions Group (WSG)

On June 8, 2021, the Company purchased and acquired substantially all of the assets and assumed certain liabilities of Workforce Solutions Group, Inc. for a purchase price of $25.0 million in cash and $5.0 million in shares (or 307,730 shares) of the Company's common stock. The transaction was treated as a purchase of assets for income tax purposes. The parties agreed to a final net working capital reduction of $1.1 million which was received in the fourth quarter of 2021. Included in the amount paid at closing was an escrow account of $2.0 million related to potential wage and hour indemnification claims. On December 16, 2022, this amount was released from escrow to the seller.

F- 18

CROSS COUNTRY HEALTHCARE, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

DECEMBER 31, 2022