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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

_____________________________________________

FORM10-K

_____________________________________________

For the fiscal year endedDecember 31, 2024

For the Transition Period from to .

Commission file number001-39877

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BuzzFeed, Inc.

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)

_____________________________________________

(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code): (646) 397-2039

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class Trading Symbol(s) Name of each exchange on which registered

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes oNox

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes oNox

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yesx No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yesx No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer o Accelerated filer x

Non-accelerated filer o Smaller reporting company x

Emerging growth company x

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. o

If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements. o

Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant’s executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b). o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).Yes o No x

The aggregate market value of the registrant’s Class A common stock held by non-affiliates, based on the closing sale price as reported by the Nasdaq Stock Market LLC on June 30, 2024, the last business day of the registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter, was approximately $92.4 million.

As of March 12, 2025, there were 37,181,861 shares of the registrant’s Class A common stock outstanding, 1,343,299 shares of the registrant’s Class B common stock outstanding, and no shares of the registrant’s Class C common stock outstanding.

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BUZZFEED, INC.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART I

Item 1 Business 5

Item 1A Risk Factors 13

Item 1B Unresolved Staff Comments 46

Item 1C Cybersecurity 47

Item 2 Properties 48

Item 3 Legal Proceedings 48

Item 4 Mine Safety Disclosures 50

PART II

Item 6 [Reserved] 50

Item 7A Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk 70

Item 8 Financial Statements and Supplementary Data 71

Item 9A Controls and Procedures 114

Item 9B Other Information 115

Item 9C Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections 116

PART III

Item 10 Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance 116

Item 11 Executive Compensation 116

Item 14 Principal Accounting Fees and Services 116

PART IV

Item 15 Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules 117

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CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

Certain statements in this Annual Report on Form 10-K may be considered forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), which statements involve substantial risks and uncertainties. Our forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements regarding our management team’s expectations, hopes, beliefs, intentions, or strategies regarding the future. In addition, any statements that refer to projections, forecasts or other characterizations of future events or circumstances, including any underlying assumptions, are forward-looking statements. The words “anticipate,” “affect,” “believe,” “can,” “contemplate,” “continue,” “could,” “estimate,” “expect,” “forecast,” “intend,” “may,” “might,” “plan,” “possible,” “potential,” “predict,” “project,” “seek,” “should,” “target,” “will,” “would,” and similar expressions may identify forward-looking statements, but the absence of these words does not mean that a statement is not forward-looking. Forward looking statements include all matters that are not historical facts.

The forward-looking statements contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K are based on current expectations and beliefs concerning future developments and their potential effects on us. There can be no assurance that future developments affecting us will be those that we have anticipated. These forward-looking statements involve a number of risks (some of which are beyond our control), uncertainties, or other assumptions that may cause actual results or performance to be materially different from those expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. These risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to:

•developments relating to our competitors and the digital media industry, including overall demand of advertising in the markets in which we operate;

•demand for our products and services or changes in traffic or engagement with our brands and content;

•changes in the business and competitive environment in which we and our current and prospective partners and advertisers operate;

•macroeconomic factors including: adverse economic conditions in the United States (“U.S.”) and globally, including the potential onset of recession; current global supply chain disruptions; potential government shutdowns or a failure to raise the U.S. federal debt ceiling or to fund the federal government; the ongoing conflicts between Russia and Ukraine and between Israel and Hamas and any related sanctions and geopolitical tensions, and further escalation of trade tensions between the U.S. and its trading partners; tariffs; the inflationary environment; high unemployment; high interest rates, currency fluctuations; and the competitive labor market;

•our future capital requirements, including, but not limited to, our ability to obtain additional capital in the future, to repurchase our $30.0 million aggregate principal amount of unsecured convertible notes due 2026 (i.e., the “Notes”) upon a fundamental change such as the delisting of our Class A common stock, at their maturity, or upon the holders of the Notes requiring repayment of their Notes on or after March 31, 2025 (or, if we pay a specified fee, May 31, 2025), any restrictions imposed by, or commitments under, the indenture governing the Notes or agreements governing any future indebtedness, and any restrictions on our ability to access our cash and cash equivalents;

•developments in the law and government regulation, including, but not limited to, revised foreign content and ownership regulations, and the outcomes of legal proceedings, regulatory disputes or governmental investigations to which we are subject;

•the benefits of our cost savings measures;

•our success divesting of companies, assets, or brands we sell or in integrating and supporting the companies we acquire;

•our success in launching new products or platforms, including any new social media platform;

•technological developments including artificial intelligence (“AI”);

•our success in retaining or recruiting, or changes required in, officers, other key employees, or directors;

•use of content creators and on-camera talent and relationships with third parties managing certain of our branded operations outside of the U.S.;

•the security of certain of our information technology (“IT”) systems or data;

•disruption in our service, or by our failure to timely and effectively scale and adapt our existing technology and infrastructure;

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•our ability to maintain the listing of our Class A common stock and warrants on The Nasdaq Capital Market LLC (“Nasdaq”); and

•other factors detailed under the section entitled “Risk Factors.”

Should one or more of these risks or uncertainties materialize, or should any of our assumptions prove incorrect, actual results may vary in material respects from those projected in these forward-looking statements. There may be additional risks that we consider immaterial or which are unknown. It is not possible to predict or identify all such risks. We do not undertake any obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as may be required under applicable securities laws.

This Annual Report on Form 10-K contains estimates and information concerning our industry, our business, and the market for our products and services, including our general expectations of our market position, market growth forecasts, our market opportunity, and size of the markets in which we participate, that are based on industry publications, surveys, and reports that have been prepared by independent third parties. This information involves a number of assumptions and limitations, and you are cautioned not to give undue weight to these estimates. Although we have not independently verified the accuracy or completeness of the data contained in these industry publications, surveys, and reports, we believe the publications, surveys, and reports are generally reliable, although such information is inherently subject to uncertainties and imprecision. The industry in which we operate is subject to a high degree of uncertainty and risk due to a variety of factors, including, but not limited to, those described in the section entitled “Risk Factors.” These and other factors could cause results to differ materially from those expressed in these publications and reports.

Investors and others should note that we may announce material business and financial information to our investors using our investor relations website (https://investors.buzzfeed.com), U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) filings, webcasts, press releases, and conference calls. We use these mediums to communicate with investors and the general public about our company, our products and services, and other issues. It is possible that the information that we make available may be deemed to be material information. We therefore encourage investors, the media, and others interested in our company to review the information that we post on our investor relations website.

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PART I

ITEM 1. BUSINESS

For convenience, the terms “BuzzFeed,” the “Company,” “we,” “us,” or “our” used in this Annual Report on Form 10-K refer to BuzzFeed, Inc. and one or more of our consolidated subsidiaries, unless the context otherwise requires.

On December 3, 2021, we consummated a business combination (the “Business Combination”) with 890 5th Avenue Partners, Inc. (“890”), certain wholly-owned subsidiaries of 890, and BuzzFeed, Inc., a Delaware corporation (“Legacy BuzzFeed”). In connection with the Business Combination, we acquired 100% of the membership interests of CM Partners, LLC. CM Partners, LLC, together with Complex Media, Inc., is referred to herein as “Complex Networks.” Following the closing of the Business Combination, 890 was renamed “BuzzFeed, Inc.”

Our Company — Overview

BuzzFeed is a premier digital media company. Across entertainment, news, food, pop culture, and commerce, our brands drive conversation and inspire what audiences watch, read, and buy now — and into the future. Our iconic, globally-loved brands include BuzzFeed, HuffPost, and Tasty.

BuzzFeed’s mission is to spread truth, joy, and creativity on the Internet. We are committed to making the Internet better: providing trusted, high-quality, brand-safe entertainment and news; making content on the Internet more inclusive, empathetic and creative; and inspiring our audience to live better lives.

BuzzFeed curates the Internet, and acts as an “inspiration engine,” driving both online and real-world action and transactions. Our strong audience signal and powerful content flywheel have enabled us to build a deep, two-way connection with our audiences, and an engine for high-quality content at scale and low cost. As a result, each of our brands has a large, loyal, highly engaged audience that is attractive to advertisers and creators, and through our rich first party data offering and contextual marketing solutions, we are able to help both advertisers and creators effectively and efficiently reach their target audiences. In 2024, our audiences consumed more than 297 million hours of content, and drove over $500 million in attributable transactions for our commerce partners. For additional discussion on Time Spent, refer to Part II, Item 7. “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” within this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Our strength has always been to adapt our business model to the evolution of the digital landscape. Founded by Jonah Peretti in 2006, BuzzFeed started as a lab in New York City’s Chinatown, experimenting with how the Internet could change how content is consumed, distributed, interacted with, and shared. Our data-driven approach to content creation and our cross-platform distribution network have enabled us to monetize our content by delivering a comprehensive suite of digital advertising products and services and introducing new, complementary revenue streams.

Our Market Opportunity

We believe that BuzzFeed is well-positioned to adapt to the rapidly changing digital media environment. We have strong and differentiated IP in BuzzFeed, HuffPost, and Tasty, each with a trusted and established brand identity. The brands we have built are valuable and hard to replicate. Audiences spend more time consuming our content than that of any other digital media company in our competitive set, according to Comscore (competitive set includes Condé Nast Digital, Vox Media, People, Bustle Digital Group, and Dotdash Meredith).

Reputation, ethics, and quality matter now more than ever. Advertisers continue to face brand safety risks on the largest social platforms. These platforms have become reliant on user-generated content that is often toxic and / or misleading. As platforms continue to struggle with the policing of user-generated content and the impact to advertisers on their platforms, BuzzFeed has become a trusted partner in providing high-quality, brand-safe content at scale to serve advertiser demand. We are aiming to capitalize on our strong IP and market opportunity, and therefore in February 2025, we announced that we are in the beginning stages of creating a new social media platform with a focus on interactive storytelling, new content formats, and cutting-edge AI tools to power self-expression, connection, and creative exploration.

Further, amid the rapidly evolving data privacy landscape, it is becoming increasingly difficult for advertisers to drive returns on the large tech platforms. With a broad and diverse audience and scaled distribution across platforms, we capture rich first party data and third-party platform insights across our audience — offering advertisers the contextual alignment

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and tools they need to effectively and efficiently reach massive young audiences — particularly as the Internet continues to move toward a cookieless future. By leaning further into AI, we see the opportunity to capture and better understand a much bigger data set around our audience and the performance of our content.

Through our brand-safe content, proprietary first party data, and our suite of ad products, we offer advertisers the tools and contextual alignment needed to effectively and efficiently reach large, young audiences without running afoul of emerging data privacy regulations.

For years, young people have continued to come to BuzzFeed for culturally relevant content that inspires them to discover new things. We extended this relationship to our commerce business to create trusted shopping content that inspires our audiences to discover new products. This content is led by our editorial team and informed by audience insights, yielding hundreds of millions of dollars in transactions annually on behalf of some of the world’s largest retailers, including Amazon, Target, and Walmart. Our approach provides retailers with an incremental channel for capturing high-quality, actionable consumer traffic.

The U.S. Census Bureau estimates the annual U.S. e-commerce market to be approximately $1.2 trillion, comprising approximately 16% of total retail sales in the fourth quarter of 2024. The U.S. e-commerce market is expected to reach $1.7 trillion by 2028 and comprise 20% of total retail sales, according to eMarketer. The ability of our content to inspire millions of consumers to transact and deliver meaningful results for our retail partners is what sets us apart from other digital publishers. And, as the e-commerce market continues to grow, we see an opportunity to expand and deepen these relationships over time.

Our Brands

The Company has built and assembled iconic brands for Millennial and Gen Z audiences across entertainment, news, food, pop culture, and commerce.

Our flagship BuzzFeed brand curates entertainment content, pop culture, and the best of the Internet. With articles, lists, quizzes, videos, and original series — our audience comes to BuzzFeed to learn what to watch, read, and buy now— and into the future.

HuffPost is a global, award-winning media platform for news, politics, opinion, entertainment, features, and lifestyle content that continues to attract millions of loyal readers directly to its front page.

Tasty, first launched in 2015, pioneered the overhead video format that is now ubiquitous across most major food brands, and is a platform for food creators.

We sold Complex Networks, a global youth entertainment company targeting Millennial and Gen Z audiences, in February 2024. Additionally, we sold First We Feast, a food, drink, and pop culture-focused online destination, in December 2024. These sales complete our strategic pivot away from a combined portfolio of brands, and into a strategy that leverages the strength of each of our brands, with a focus on programmatic advertising and affiliate commerce. Refer to Note 21 to the consolidated financial statements included elsewhere within this Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional details with respect to these sales.

Our Audience

Our content reflects the voice of Millennials and Gen Z, and creates an “inspiration engine” that helps millions explore new things, try unique experiences, and discover novel products. Across our brands, we reach millions of monthly viewers, who consumed more than 297 million hours of content and drove hundreds of millions of dollars in transactions in 2024. Our cross-platform distribution network gives us the ability to connect with the Internet generations at scale on whatever platform they are using to consume content. We attract and retain audiences as a function of our data-driven approach to content creation. As audiences engage with our content, we capture insights into their preferences and apply those learnings to new content development. This enables us to attract larger, more engaged audiences and capture deeper, more reliable insights.

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Our Technology Platform and Data-Driven Content Flywheel

Creating meaningful content requires data, technology, and scale, all of which are key competitive differentiators that BuzzFeed uses to reach our audience, wherever they are. Our data-driven approach to content creation is designed to benefit all stakeholders across our ecosystem: audiences, creators, and advertisers alike.

BuzzFeed began as a lab in New York City, experimenting with content, formats, and distribution on the Internet. For nearly 20 years, we have established a deep understanding of modern media and developed proprietary technology designed to rapidly scale and monetize digital content. Machine learning and analytics power everything from our scaled tech stack of quiz makers built into a content management system to proprietary algorithms and custom tools for content creators and brand advertisers to headline optimization.

Supported by our scalable and repeatable technology platform, our data-driven content flywheel informs our most important decisions. Our content and brands are designed for modern-day consumption patterns, providing engagement behavior data and learnings across the BuzzFeed network. With this distribution strategy driving scale, efficiency, and adaptability, we capture the interests of our audience, inform our content creators and journalists, and help advertisers reach their target audiences, with a commitment to brand-safety.

Our proprietary technology stack is powered by AI and machine learning, and trained on BuzzFeed proprietary data to optimize publishing across our owned and operated and third-party platforms. This enables us to attract engaged audiences and capture deeper, more reliable insights — delivering high-quality content at scale and low cost. In doing so, we are able to capture rich first party data and third-party platform insights that our advertising partners can leverage to more effectively reach their target audiences.

Our differentiated model for content creation and distribution is designed to serve all stakeholders in our ecosystem.

•These proprietary tools and technologies ensure we are serving our audiences compelling, culturally relevant content.

•Our content creators and journalists also benefit, as internal dashboards and metrics provide heightened visibility on audience interaction, allowing them to focus on content and formats that maximize engagement and revenue.

•Similarly, advertisers rely on our audience insights and first party data tools to optimize their ad campaigns.

•Our data-driven approach to content creation also offers advertisers an alternative to the risk of advertising alongside user-generated content on the largest social platforms.

Our Business Model

Powered by our highly scalable data-driven content flywheel, BuzzFeed has grown into a global media company that distributes content across owned and operated, as well as third-party, platforms. In recent years, we have leveraged our media network to develop a comprehensive suite of digital advertising products and services and extend into complementary business lines, such as long-form content development and commerce.

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We measure our success in terms of engagement, monetization, retention, and operating efficiency using four key metrics: (1) audience time spent across owned and operated sites, as well as on third-party platforms; (2) revenue generated from advertising, content, and commerce and other; (3) net branded content advertiser revenue retention as an indicator of our ability to retain spend of existing customers from one year to the next; and (4) profitability (on an Adjusted EBITDA basis, a non-GAAP financial measure).

We generate revenue from (i) advertising, (ii) content, and (iii) commerce and other.

Advertising revenues consist primarily of payments we receive from advertisers, both programmatically and directly, for ads distributed against our editorial and news content, including display, pre-roll and mid-roll video products, as well as homepage takeovers. We distribute these ad products across our owned and operated properties as well as third-party platforms. This revenue source is driven by our industry-leading engagement, an overall shift to digital advertising, and our scaled reach to multiple demographics. We provide significant and differentiated value to advertisers by consistently delivering best-in-class audience engagement.

Content revenues consist primarily of payments received from clients for custom assets, including both long-form and short-form content, from branded quizzes to Instagram takeovers to branded content videos. These revenues also include feature films and content licensing. Our content production approach increasingly allows for turn-key, lightweight options that are scalable and repeatable and resonate with advertisers. Our content revenue is driven by continued investment in our content team, a strong data-informed understanding of our audience, demand for trusted, brand-safe digital content, and our brand integrity.

Commerce and other revenues consist primarily of affiliate commissions earned on transactions initiated from our editorial shopping content, and revenues from product licensing. Our editorial shopping content drives hundreds of millions of dollars in attributable transactions each year. Moving forward, we plan to continue to onboard new marketplaces beyond consumer retail, expanding into new shopping categories to drive additional growth. With strong brand recognition and audience trust, BuzzFeed is well positioned to capitalize on the continued shift to online purchases.

Our Differentiation

•Leading Destination for Audiences — Audiences spend more time consuming our content than that of other digital media companies in our competitive set, according to Comscore (competitive set includes Condé Nast Digital, Vox Media, People, Bustle Digital Group, and Dotdash Meredith).

•Premium, Brand-Safe Advertising — As platforms continue to struggle with the policing of user-generated content and the impact to advertisers on their platforms, BuzzFeed has become a trusted partner in providing high-quality, brand-safe content at scale to serve advertiser demand. Our iconic brands have loyal, highly engaged audiences — from food lovers to shoppers to parents — and everyone in between.

•AI-enabled Technology Stack — Our proprietary technology stack is powered by AI and machine learning, and trained on BuzzFeed proprietary data to optimize publishing across our owned and operated and third-party platforms. This enables us to attract larger, more engaged audiences and capture deeper, more reliable insights — delivering high-quality content at scale and low cost.

•Rich First Party Data — With a broad and diverse audience and scaled distribution across platforms, we capture rich first party data and third-party platform insights across our audience — offering advertisers the contextual alignment and tools they need to effectively and efficiently reach massive young audiences — particularly as the Internet continues to move toward a cookieless future. By leaning further into AI, we see the opportunity to capture and better understand a much bigger data set around our audience and the performance of our content.

Our Strategy

•Grow and deepen audience engagement — We plan to continue to leverage our iconic brands and invest in our technology and data-driven content flywheel to deliver engaging content that brands and advertisers trust to reach, grow, and engage audiences, at scale and across platforms. We use AI to make our owned and operated properties more engaging, personalized, and efficient to operate. As mentioned within “Our Market Opportunity” above, in February 2025, we announced that we are in the beginning stages of creating a new social media platform with a focus on interactive storytelling, new content formats, and cutting-edge AI tools to power self-expression, connection, and creative exploration.

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•Empower our content creator teams — We are extremely fortunate to have many talented journalists, video creators, writers, and Internet visionaries, whose contributions are critical to our success. BuzzFeed will continue to focus on building the future of creative work by empowering our teams, providing them with next-generation tools, data, and an environment that fosters collaboration, diversity, and innovation to produce best-in-class digital content.

•Expand strategic partnerships — Our diversified and complementary advertising, content, and commerce offerings enhance our value proposition and strengthen our relationships with our customers. In particular, partners who purchase several of our solutions often increase their average spend with BuzzFeed, which drives longer term relationships and improves customer retention.

•Drive sustainable, profitable growth — Following several years of discipline and cost management initiatives, our business is benefiting from significant operating leverage. As we prioritize resources towards the highest margin businesses, we are committed to building a business that delivers margin expansion and generates positive cash flows.

BuzzFeed operates within the digital media space, a category that we have pioneered and helped develop. We broadly compete against other Internet companies that might attract audiences and advertisers to their platforms and away from BuzzFeed’s. More specifically, with a common core demographic of Millennials and Gen Z, online content providers that target younger generations are natural competitors to BuzzFeed. Historically, these have included digital publishers such as Vox Media (which combined with Group Nine Media), Bustle Digital Group, Dotdash Meredith, and Condé Nast. Additionally, our entertainment competitors include, but are not limited to, People and Entertainment Weekly, and our food brand competitors include, but are not limited to, New York Times Cooking and Food Network. We believe that our audience leadership, brand safety, AI-powered tech stack, and rich first party data are structural differentiators that set us apart from the competition.

BuzzFeed both competes with and partners with the largest social media platforms, streaming services, retailers, and traditional publishers. We believe that BuzzFeed’s unique, data-informed, brand-safe content is increasingly valued by ecosystem participants and enables BuzzFeed to grow alongside the largest consumer Internet and publishing businesses.

Customers

BuzzFeed offers a strong value proposition to customers and business partners looking to reach Millennial and Gen Z audiences at scale, in order to generate awareness and drive discovery, inspiration, and ultimately transactions involving their products and services. Customers rely on our high-quality, engaging and brand-safe content, creativity, and audience insights to accomplish these objectives. Our customer base consists of U.S.-based and global corporations, including several Fortune 500 companies across a variety of industries including, among others, media and entertainment, consumer packaged goods, retail, financial services, insurance, and technology, who utilize one or more of our offerings in advertising, content, and commerce and other.

We provide our advertising customers with a broad array of offerings including display, programmatic, and video advertising inventory to target users on our owned and operated sites, applications, and third-party platforms. Our content customers include third-parties seeking to promote their businesses, products, and services with our content (for example, we can create customized promotional content for a third-party’s film release). Our commerce customers are e-commerce operators who partner with us through affiliate programs, or retailers with whom we enter into licensing and merchandising agreements. Customers can achieve the best results when tapping into a combination of our offerings, and we see increased retention from those customers that do so.

We derive a significant amount of revenue from the affiliate and advertising exchanges of Amazon and Google. For the year ended December 31, 2024, approximately 30% of our revenue was derived from Amazon, primarily from affiliate commerce transactions. Excluding affiliate and programmatic partners such as Amazon and Google, our top 10 direct customers made up approximately 10% of total revenue for the year ended December 31, 2024.

Human Capital Resources

Our Employees

We consider the management of our global talent to be essential to the ongoing success of our business. As of December 31, 2024, we had 611 employees located across seven countries. As of December 31, 2024, approximately

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16.4% of our employees were unionized, with certain employees associated with BuzzFeed Canada, Inc. in Canada belonging to the Canadian Media Guild, and certain employees associated with HuffPost in the U.S. belonging to the Writers Guild of America, East.

In December 2024, we completed the sale of certain assets and liabilities relating to the business of First We Feast; however, these former employees remained on our payroll until January 1, 2025. Additionally, in February 2025, we announced plans to reduce expenses by implementing an approximately 5% reduction in our then-current workforce. Following the execution of these combined actions, the Company had 558 employees as of March 12, 2025.

We are focused on supporting our employees across the full employee lifecycle from recruitment to onboarding through ongoing development, and have implemented programs designed to support both career satisfaction and overall wellness. We offer access to a range of wellness services addressing mental health, family support, child care, and other areas.

Our Culture

At BuzzFeed, we value openness and collaboration, experimentation and growth, and diversity of thought and experience. This is demonstrated through our content, as well as in the way we work together within the company. We aspire to provide outstanding people experiences through our workplace practices, benefits, employee programs, communication, and diversity.

•We believe in having a direct relationship between employees and management where ideas are shared and both work together toward a common purpose.

•We believe in the principle of equal pay for equal work and having compensation programs that provide for such equality.

•We believe in treating each other respectfully and employing principles of fairness when concerns or problems arise.

•We are committed to demonstrating diversity of thought, background, and experience across all functions and levels.

•We believe in supporting the wellness of our employees and their dependents, in championing progressive changes where needed, and adjusting our policies to address the changing needs of employees.

•We believe that people should be able to bring their whole self to work, and feel that the workplace is supportive and inclusive.

Diversity, Inclusion, and Belonging

At BuzzFeed, we value Diversity, Inclusion & Belonging (“DI&B”) and strive to weave this value into everything we do. We attract a diverse group of employees that reflect the world we are trying to reach through our content and we welcome the unique skills, experiences, and backgrounds each employee brings to the table every day. Since 2014, we have been committed to holding ourselves accountable to this work by publishing our diversity and demographics report annually. As of December 31, 2024, Black, Indigenous and People of Color (“BIPOC”) employees constituted 38% of our employee population. In addition, 62% of our employee population identifies as female.

We continually refine our approach to hiring, training, career development, and education to support our mission of DI&B. Our recruiting team continues to be intentional about our diversity strategy to ensure that the company hires and retains talent with diverse perspectives and backgrounds. In the recruitment and hiring process, we also emphasize educating all team members involved about internal and unconscious biases and how to overcome them, and ensuring that all job descriptions and interview processes are inclusive and accessible. BuzzFeed is committed to increasing the representation of diverse employees and we have concentrated our efforts to both advance and retain current diverse employees.

We are committed to ensuring our culture allows employees to bring their authentic selves to work every day. We want all employees to feel safe and supported.

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In 2024, we continued to develop and launch key educational opportunities, including Identity and Allyship training, and host a myriad of Heritage Month educational events, learning opportunities, and social events sponsored by the DI&B team, BuzzFeed employee resource groups, and the DI&B Council.

Intellectual Property

We depend on our iconic brands to build and maintain household name recognition and audience loyalty, and regard our intellectual property as critical to our success. We own numerous domestic and foreign trademarks and other proprietary rights that are important to our business and protect those rights in our brands including, but not limited to, BuzzFeed, HuffPost, and Tasty. We also maintain rights to the domain names www.buzzfeed.com, www.huffpost.com, and www.tasty.co, among others. We retain the rights to an extensive content library that is monetized through multiple revenue streams. In addition to our brand, domain, and content assets, we have a proprietary technology platform that powers our business. We rely on, and expect to continue to rely on, a combination of work for hire, assignment, license and confidentiality agreements with our employees, consultants and third parties with whom we have relationships, as well as trademark, trade dress, domain name, copyright, trade secret and patent laws, to protect our brands, content, proprietary technology, and other intellectual property rights.

As of December 31, 2024, we held 105 registered trademarks in the U.S., including the BUZZFEED mark and the HUFFPOST mark, and also held 351 registered trademarks in foreign jurisdictions. We continually review our development efforts to assess the existence and our ability to register new intellectual property, and whether to decommission certain of our intellectual property assets. We intend to continue to file additional applications with respect to our intellectual property assets.

Regulatory Matters

We are subject to many laws and regulations in the U.S., Canada, the European Union (the “EU”), the United Kingdom (the “U.K.”), Japan, Australia, India, and Mexico and throughout the world, including, but not limited to, those related to contracts, securities, privacy, data protection, content regulation, intellectual property, consumer protection, e-commerce, marketing, advertising, messaging, rights of publicity, libel and defamation, health and safety, employment and labor, bribery and corruption, economic and trade sanctions, product liability, accessibility, competition, and taxation. These laws and regulations are constantly evolving and may be interpreted, applied, created, or amended in a manner that could harm or require us to change our current or future business and operations. In addition, it is possible that certain governments may seek to block or limit use or distribution of our products and services or otherwise impose other restrictions that may affect access to or operation of any or all of our products and services for an extended period of time or indefinitely.

Data Privacy and Security Laws

We are subject to various federal, state and international laws, policies, and regulations relating to the privacy and security of personal data, including personal data of consumers, customers, and employees. These laws often require companies to implement specific information security controls to protect certain types of data (such as personal data, “special categories of personal data” or employee data), and / or impose specific requirements relating to the collection or other processing of such data.

In the U.S., the Federal Trade Commission (the “FTC”), the Department of Commerce, and various states continue to call for greater regulation of the collection and processing of personal data, as well as restrictions for certain targeted advertising practices. Section 5(a) of the FTC Act grants the agency enforcement powers to combat and address “unfair or deceptive acts or practices in or affecting commerce,” and the FTC has used this authority extensively to hold businesses to fair and transparent privacy and security standards. Numerous states have also enacted, or are proposing legislation to enact, state-level data privacy laws and regulations governing the collection, use, disclosure, and other processing of personal data. For example, the California Consumer Privacy Act, as amended by the California Privacy Rights Act (the “CCPA”) provides specific privacy rights to consumers residing in the state and imposes a range of compliance obligations on covered businesses. Compliance with the CCPA has caused, and will continue to cause, BuzzFeed to incur compliance related costs and expenses. Additionally, a number of other states have adopted or are considering similar legislation. Future changes in laws and regulations throughout the U.S., at both the federal and state levels, could impact our ability to collect data, exploit the data we do collect, limit the extent to which we can monetize that data, give rise to additional compliance costs, require us to make substantial investments in technology tools to satisfy new regulatory rules, and expose us to potential non-compliance liability. We are also subject to the Americans with Disabilities Act, which includes

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requirements with respect to website accessibility. Additionally, we are subject to the CAN-SPAM Act, the Telephone Consumer Protection Act, and the Video Privacy Protection Act, each of which may place restrictions on how we operate in a manner that adversely affects our business.

In the EU, the General Data Protection Regulation (the “GDPR”) imposes stringent operational requirements for processors and controllers of personal data, including with respect to data subject rights, notices and disclosures to data subjects about how personal data is processed (including information about the profiling of individuals and automated individual decision-making), records of processing activities, limiting retention of personal data, mandatory data breach notification to data protection regulators or supervisory authorities (and in certain cases, to the affected individuals), and requirements to implement additional policies and procedures to comply with the accountability principle under the GDPR. The GDPR is intended to create a single legal framework in relation to the collection, control, use, sharing, disclosure, and other processing of personal data. However, the GDPR allows for derogations where EU member states can deviate from the requirements in their own legislation, including for example, by introducing measures that apply in specific situations and implementing rules regarding legal basis of processing. It is therefore likely that, where we operate or provide services in those EU member state jurisdictions, we will need to comply with these local regulations in addition to the GDPR. Local supervisory authorities are able to impose fines for non-compliance and have the power to carry out audits, require companies to cease or change processing, request information, and obtain access to premises.

Similarly, many other countries around the world have developed laws, rules, and regulations regarding privacy and data protection, including, for example, the U.K., Canada, Japan, Australia, India, and Mexico. Additional countries are developing or expanding privacy and data security laws, rules, and regulations, or may do so in the future, which could increase our risk and compliance costs.

Countries around the world also have developed, or are developing, laws, rules, and regulations regarding cross-border transfers of personal data. This includes laws relating to the transfer of personal data outside the European Economic Area (the “EEA”) and the U.K. Recent legal developments in the EEA and the U.K. have created complexity and uncertainty regarding transfers of personal data from the EEA and the U.K. to “third countries,” especially the U.S. For example, in 2020, the Court of Justice of the EU (the “CJEU”) invalidated the EU-U.S. Privacy Shield Framework (a mechanism for the transfer of personal data from the EEA to the U.S.). The CJEU also made clear that reliance on standard contractual clauses (another mechanism for the transfer of personal data outside the EEA) alone may not be sufficient in all circumstances. We currently rely on standard contractual clauses and these changes are therefore causing us to review our current compliance approach. Changes to our compliance scheme may be deemed necessary to meet the requirements of the EEA, the U.K., and other jurisdictions may result in additional costs or the inability to transfer personal data out of certain countries.

We are also subject to evolving privacy laws on cookies and e-marketing. In the EU and the U.K., regulators are increasingly focusing on compliance with requirements in the online behavioral advertising ecosystem and current national laws that implement the EU directive known as the Privacy and Electronic Communications Directive 2002/58/EC on Privacy and Electronic Communications (the ePrivacy Directive) are expected to be replaced by a forthcoming EU regulation known as the e-Privacy Regulation, which will significantly increase fines for non-compliance. Informed consent is generally required for the placement of a cookie or similar technologies on a user’s device and for direct electronic marketing. The GDPR also imposes conditions on obtaining valid consent, such as a prohibition on pre-checked consents and a requirement to ensure separate consents are sought for each type of cookie or similar technology. The text of the e-Privacy Regulation is still under development, and recent EU regulatory guidance and court decisions have created uncertainty about the level to which such laws and regulations will be enforced, which may require us to review our compliance approach and increase compliance costs.

Our employees and personnel may use GenAI technologies to perform their work, and the disclosure and use of personal information in such technologies is subject to various data privacy and security laws and obligations. Governments have passed and are likely to pass additional laws regulating GenAI, including, for example, the EU’s AI Act, which is expected to be adopted and enforced by 2026. Our use of this technology could result in additional compliance costs and regulatory investigations and actions. If we are unable to use GenAI, it could make our business less efficient and result in competitive disadvantages.

Finally, we may publish privacy policies, marketing material, and other documentation or statements regarding our collection, use, disclosure, and other processing of personal information. Although we endeavor to adhere to these policies, statements, and documentation, we, and the third parties on which we rely, may at times fail to do so or may be perceived to have failed to do so. Such failures could subject us to regulatory enforcement action as well as costly legal claims by affected individuals or our customers.

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Plaintiffs’ lawyers in the United States are increasingly using privacy-related theories at both the federal and state level, including, but not limited to, the California Invasion of Privacy Act (i.e., CIPA), otherwise known as California’s “Wiretapping Law” and California Penal Code §638.51, also known as the California “Trap and Trace Law” to bring lawsuits against companies for their data-related practices. These cases typically concern allegations that common web-based tools capture signaling information that can identify the source of the electronic communication by either BuzzFeed and / or a third-party. Such wiretapping and “tap and trace” cases are brought forward in a class action or in a mass arbitration setting and seek monetary damages, which are statutorily defined, and equitable remedies. If such suits are brought against us, defending against them in court or in arbitration could substantially increase our legal costs and involve members of our legal teams to assist in defending these claims.

The number and scope of obligations related to data privacy and security are quickly changing. Preparing for and attempting to comply with these obligations requires significant resources and, potentially, changes to our technologies, systems, and practices and those of any third parties that process personal data on our behalf. We strive to comply with applicable data privacy and security laws and requirements, but we cannot fully determine the impact that current or future such laws and requirements may have on our business or operations. Such laws or requirements may be inconsistent from one jurisdiction to another, subject to differing interpretations, and courts or regulators may deem our efforts to comply as insufficient. If we, or the third parties we rely on to operate our business and deliver our services, fail to comply, or are perceived as failing to comply, with our legal or contractual obligations relating to data privacy and security, or our policies and documentation relating to personal information, we could face governmental enforcement action; litigation with our customers, individuals or others; fines and civil or criminal penalties for us or company officials; obligations to cease offering our services or to substantially modify them in ways that make them less effective in certain jurisdictions; negative publicity and harm to our brand and reputation; and reduced overall demand for our services. Such developments could adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

Seasonality

Our business is subject to some seasonal influences. Historically, our revenue is typically highest in the fourth quarter of the year due to strong advertising spend and consumer spending during this quarter.

Available Information

We file electronically with the SEC our Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K, and amendments to reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act. The SEC maintains a website at www.sec.gov that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information that we file with the SEC electronically. We will make available on our investor relations website at https://investors.buzzfeed.com, free of charge, copies of these reports and other information as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file such material with, or furnish it to, the SEC.

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

We have identified the following risks and uncertainties that may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, or reputation. These risks are not presented in order of importance or probability of occurrence. Further, the risks described below are not the only risks we face. Additional risks not presently known to us or that we currently believe are not material may also significantly affect our business, financial condition, results of operations, or reputation. Our business could be harmed by any of these risks. In assessing these risks, you should also refer to the other information contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, including Part II, Item 7“Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and our consolidated financial statements and related notes.

Risk Factors Summary

The following summary highlights some of the risks we are exposed to in the normal course of our business activities. This summary is not exhaustive and the risks summarized below are not the only risks we face.

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Risks Related to Our Business and Industry

•Our revenue and results of operations are highly dependent on overall advertising demand in the markets in which we operate.

•We derive a significant portion of our revenue from advertising products and our relationships with our advertising partners.

•If we are unable to compete effectively with our competitors for traffic and advertising spend, our business and operating results could be harmed.

•We may not be able to successfully execute on our planned build of a new social media platform and, even if successful, the initiative may lose money over the near to medium term.

•The market for digital advertising for brands is evolving. If this market develops more slowly or differently than we expect, our business, growth prospects, and financial condition could be adversely affected.

•Adverse economic conditions in the U.S. and globally, including the potential onset of recession, could have a negative effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition, and liquidity.

•The levels of our traffic to, and engagement with, our brands and content are critical to our success.

•Changes to our existing content and services could fail to attract traffic and advertisers or fail to generate revenue.

•We may not have sufficient cash flow from our business to repay the Notes at maturity or repurchase them upon a fundamental change, or when otherwise put to us, which could have an adverse effect on our financial condition. We cannot provide any assurances that we will be able to fund through operations the necessary amount of capital to repay these obligations. As a result, there is substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern.

•A portion of our online traffic is generated from other third-party platforms and Internet search engines. Declines in referrals from third-party platforms could therefore cause our revenue to decline.

•We have incurred operating losses in the past, may incur operating losses in the future, and may not achieve or maintain profitability in the future.

•Acquisitions, dispositions, joint ventures, strategic partnerships, and strategic investments could disrupt our business and harm our financial condition and operating results.

•Our development and implementation of AI solutions may not be successful, which may impair our ability to compete effectively, result in reputational harm, and have a material adverse impact on our operating results.

•We may not realize the expected financial and operational benefits of our recently announced restructuring plan, and its implementation may negatively impact our business.

•The loss of key personnel, or our failure to attract and retain other highly qualified personnel in the future, could harm our business.

Risks Related to Financial and Accounting Matters

•We previously identified material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting that continue to exist. Failure to remediate the material weaknesses in a timely manner or maintain effective internal control over financial reporting may adversely impact our ability to produce timely and accurate financial statements or comply with applicable laws and regulations.

•We have recorded significant impairment charges in the past and could do so again in the future.

•We may require additional capital to support our operations, and we cannot be certain that this capital will be available on reasonable terms when required, or at all.

•Restrictions imposed by the indenture governing the Notes could adversely affect our operating flexibility.

•Our Notes may impact our financial results, result in the dilution of our stockholders, or create downward pressure on the price of our Class A common stock.

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Risks Related to Ownership of Our Securities

•We may issue additional shares of Class A common stock or securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for shares of our Class A common stock (including upon the exercise of warrants or via our at-the-market offering) which would increase the number of shares eligible for future resale in the public market and result in dilution to our stockholders.

•We may redeem unexpired warrants prior to their exercise at a time that is disadvantageous to the holder, thereby making the warrants worthless.

•There can be no assurance that the warrants will be in the money at the time they become exercisable, and they may expire worthless.

•The market price of our securities may be volatile, which may increase the risk of securities-related litigation, or cause the loss of part or all of holders’ investments.

•The multi-class structure of our common stock has the effect of concentrating voting power with our chief executive officer, which limits other stockholders’ ability to influence the outcome of shareholder votes, including, but not limited to, important transactions that might involve a change in control.

•Our common stock market price and trading volume could decline if securities or industry analysts do not publish research or publish inaccurate or unfavorable research about our business.

•If we fail to comply with the continued listing requirements of Nasdaq, our common stock may be delisted, the price of our common stock and our ability to access the capital markets could be negatively impacted, and we may be required to purchase our Notes.

•If our existing shareholders sell, or indicate an intent to sell, large amounts of our Class A common stock in the public market, the trading price of our ordinary shares could decline.

Risks Related to Legal and Regulatory Matters

•Complex and evolving U.S. and foreign laws and regulations apply to our business. These laws and regulations are subject to change and uncertain interpretation, and could result in claims, required changes to our business practices, monetary penalties or judgments, temporary or permanent restraining orders and injunctions, increased cost of operations, declines in traffic growth and engagement with our brands and content, or otherwise harm our business.

•Our intellectual property rights are valuable, and any inability to protect, or challenges to, them could reduce the value of our content, services, and brand.

•Compliance obligations under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (the “Sarbanes-Oxley Act”) may consume substantial financial and management resources.

•Some of our employees are unionized, and our business and results of operations could be adversely affected if labor agreements were to further restrict our ability to maximize the efficiency of our operations.

Risks Related to Our Business and Industry

Our revenue and results of operations are highly dependent on overall advertising demand in the markets in which we operate. Factors that affect the amount of advertising spending, such as economic downturns and unexpected events can make it difficult to predict our revenue and could otherwise adversely affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition.

Our business depends on the overall demand for advertising in the markets in which we operate and on the business condition of our current and prospective partners and advertisers. Macroeconomic factors in the U.S. and foreign markets, including adverse economic conditions, general uncertainty about economic recovery or growth, elevated interest rates, high unemployment, and rising inflation, could cause advertisers to reduce their advertising budgets. These macroeconomic factors have adversely affected our advertising and content revenues in 2023 and 2024, and we expect these factors will continue to adversely impact our revenue in 2025. Additionally, because of these pressures, certain advertisers may not have the budget for marketing expenditures. Our business may also be negatively impacted by geopolitical concerns, which may result in conservative approaches by advertisers when allocating budgets and ad inventory. Reductions in overall advertising spending as a result of these factors, which are out of our control, or due to the occurrence of unanticipated

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events could result in a decrease in our revenue and potential profit or make it difficult to predict our future performance, any of which could adversely affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition.

We derive a significant portion of our revenue from advertising products and our relationships with our advertising partners.

Online advertising is an intensely competitive industry. A significant portion of our revenue is currently generated from our relationships with third-party advertisers, none of which have long-term commitments to us. Many of our advertisers spend only a relatively small portion of their overall advertising budget with us. In addition, many of our advertisers purchase our advertising services through one of several large advertising agency holding companies. Advertisers will not continue to do business with us, or they will reduce the prices they are willing to pay to advertise with us, if we do not deliver ads in an effective manner, or if they do not believe that their investment in advertising with us will generate a competitive return relative to alternatives.

Our advertising revenue could be adversely affected by a number of other factors, including:

•decreases in traffic to, or engagement (including Time Spent) with, our brands and content;

•the impact of macroeconomic conditions and conditions in the advertising industry in general;

•the impact of new technologies or formats that could block or obscure the display of or targeting of our content;

•loss of advertising market share to our competitors;

•inability to increase advertiser demand and / or inventory;

•inability to demonstrate the value of our content to advertisers and advertising agencies or inability to measure the value of our content in a manner which advertisers and advertising agencies find useful;

•cancellation of certain pre-paid branded advertising orders;

•inability to help advertisers effectively target ads;

•decreases in the cost per ad engagement;

•changes in the way our ad products are priced;

•inability to generate income on third-party platforms because of an absence of ad placement tools and the general monetization immaturity of certain third-party platforms;

•changes to ad placement capabilities on third-party platforms;

•inability to improve our analytics and measurement solutions that demonstrate the value of our content;

•bad debts related to trade credit extended to certain advertisers;

•our entry into revenue sharing arrangements or other partnerships with third parties;

•adverse legal developments relating to advertising or measurement tools related to the effectiveness of advertising, including legislative and regulatory developments impacting branded content, labeling of advertising, privacy and consent requirements related to sharing of personal data, and / or litigation related to any of the foregoing; and

•adverse media reports or other negative publicity involving us or the digital media industry as a whole.

If our relationship with any advertising partner terminates for any reason, or if our relationship with any of these partners are renewed on less favorable terms, our revenue could be adversely impacted.

If we are unable to compete effectively with our competitors for traffic and advertising spend, our business and operating results could be harmed.

Competition for traffic to, and engagement with, our content, products, and services is intense. We compete against many companies to attract and engage traffic, including companies that have greater financial resources and larger user bases, and companies that offer a variety of Internet and mobile device-based content, products, and services. As a result, our competitors may acquire and engage traffic at the expense of the growth or engagement of our traffic, which would

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negatively affect our business. We believe that our ability to compete effectively for traffic depends upon many factors both within and beyond our control, including:

•the popularity, usefulness, and reliability of our content compared to that of our competitors;

•the timing and market acceptance of our content;

•the continued expansion and adoption of our content;

•our ability, and the ability of our competitors, to develop new content and enhancements to existing content;

•our ability, and the ability of our competitors, to attract, develop, and retain influencers and creative talent;

•our ability, and the ability of our competitors, to develop measures for traffic, time spent and content engagement on emerging platforms, particularly platforms where no effective measurement tools currently exist;

•the frequency, relative prominence and appeal of the advertising displayed by us or our competitors;

•changes mandated by, or that we elect to make to address, legislation, regulatory constraints or litigation, including settlements and consent decrees, some of which may have a disproportionate impact on us;

•our ability to attract, retain, and motivate talented employees;

•the costs of developing and procuring new content, relative to those of our competitors;

•acquisitions or consolidation within our industry, which may result in more formidable competitors; and

•our reputation and brand strength relative to our competitors.

We also face significant competition for advertiser spending. We compete against online and mobile businesses and traditional media outlets, such as television, radio, and print, for advertising budgets. In determining whether to buy advertising, our advertisers will consider the demand for our content, demographics of our traffic, advertising rates, results observed by advertisers, and alternative advertising options. The increasing number of digital media options available, through social networking tools and news aggregation websites, has expanded consumer choice significantly, resulting in traffic fragmentation and increased competition for advertising. In addition, some of our larger competitors have substantially broader content, product, or service offerings, and leverage their relationships based on other products or services to gain additional share of advertising budgets. We will need to continue to innovate and improve the monetization capabilities of our websites and our mobile products in order to remain competitive. We believe that our ability to compete effectively for advertiser spending depends upon many factors both within and beyond our control, including:

•the size and composition of our user base relative to those of our competitors;

•our ad targeting capabilities, and those of our competitors;

•our ability, and the ability of our competitors, to adapt our model to the increasing power and significance of influencers to the advertising community;

•the timing and market acceptance of our advertising content and advertising products, and those of our competitors;

•our marketing and selling efforts, and those of our competitors;

•the pricing for our advertising products and services relative to those of our competitors;

•the return our advertisers receive from our advertising products and services, and those of our competitors; and

•our reputation and the strength of our brand relative to our competitors.

We may not be able to successfully execute on our planned build of a new social media platform and, even if successful, the initiative may lose money over the near to medium term.

We face significant risks and challenges associated with launching a new social media platform. The success of such a platform depends on various factors, including user adoption, engagement, and retention, as well as our ability to effectively compete in an increasingly crowded and rapidly evolving market. The following are key risks associated with the development and launch of our new platform:

•User Acquisition and Retention Risks: Achieving a sufficient user base for critical mass is a substantial challenge. We may face difficulties attracting and retaining users in a highly competitive market where established platforms

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already dominate. The failure to effectively engage and retain users could result in lower-than-expected platform growth, impacting our financial performance and the initiative’s long-term viability.

•Technological and Operational Challenges: Building a robust, scalable, and secure platform requires significant investment in technology infrastructure, research and development, and ongoing maintenance. Any failure in our technology systems, platform features, or user experience may lead to user dissatisfaction, security vulnerabilities, or service disruptions, which could harm our reputation and brand trust.

•Competition from Established Players: The social media industry is dominated by well-established platforms with significant market share, brand recognition, and user loyalty. Competing with these platforms requires substantial financial resources, effective marketing strategies, and continuous innovation. Our ability to differentiate our platform and attract users away from these competitors is uncertain, and we may fail to achieve the desired market penetration.

•Regulatory and Legal Risks: Social media platforms are subject to an evolving and increasingly complex regulatory environment, including data privacy laws, content moderation requirements, and anti-trust scrutiny. Any failure to comply with applicable regulations, or changes in the regulatory landscape, could result in legal liabilities, fines, or restrictions on our platform's operations, adversely affecting our business.

•Monetization Risks: We may face challenges in developing and executing a sustainable monetization strategy for the platform, whether through advertising, subscription models, or other revenue-generating mechanisms. If we are unable to effectively generate revenue at the scale necessary to support our platform’s growth and operations, our financial performance could be negatively impacted.

•Brand and Reputation Risks: The reputation of a social media platform is highly sensitive to user experience, content quality, and public perception. Any controversies, data breaches, or negative user experiences could severely damage our brand image and lead to user attrition, media scrutiny, or public backlash.

•Changing User Preferences and Trends: The social media landscape is dynamic, with user preferences and trends constantly evolving. The emergence of new technologies, shifts in consumer behavior, or changing cultural norms could result in a decline in demand for our platform, forcing us to pivot or rebrand. Our ability to anticipate and respond to these changes is uncertain and may affect our long-term success.

•Dependence on Third-Party Services: Our platform may rely on third-party services for infrastructure, data storage, advertising, or other essential functions. Any disruptions, price increases, or changes in the terms of service from these third parties could have a negative impact on our platform’s operations and user experience.

•Social and Ethical Risks: The content shared on our platform may be subject to misuse, including the dissemination of harmful, illegal, or misleading content. Despite implementing safeguards and moderation tools, we may face difficulties in ensuring that our platform remains free from toxic behavior, misinformation, or harmful content, which could result in reputational damage and regulatory scrutiny.

•Capital and Resource Constraints: Launching and scaling a new social media platform requires substantial capital and human resources. Our ability to secure the necessary funding, hire and retain skilled personnel, and allocate resources effectively may impact the pace and success of our platform’s growth. Any constraints in these areas could hinder our ability to execute our business plan effectively and meet market expectations. In the near to medium term, we would not expect to realize any gains on our investment, and there is risk that we never will.

Given these risks and uncertainties, there can be no assurance that our efforts to launch and grow a social media platform will be successful or result in the anticipated benefits.

If the market for digital advertising develops more slowly or differently than we expect, our business, growth prospects, and financial condition could be adversely affected.

Our expected performance is tied to assumptions about the behavior of the digital advertising marketplace. Technology in the media industry continues to evolve rapidly. Advances in technology have led to an increased number of methods for the delivery and consumption of news and other content. These developments are also driving changes in the preferences and expectations of consumers as they seek more control over how they consume content. Changes in technology and consumer behavior pose a number of challenges that could adversely affect our revenues and competitive position. For example, among others:

•we may be unable to develop new online or digital content and services that consumers find engaging, that work with a variety of operating systems and networks and that achieve a high level of market acceptance;

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•as third-party platforms introduce new content formats and those formats gain popularity with audiences, this may lead to limitations on monetization of our content across these platforms, the loss of control over distribution of our content and of a direct relationship with our audience, and lower audience engagement;

•we may introduce new content or services, or make changes to existing content and services, that are not favorably received by consumers;

•we may not be able to adapt quickly enough to the increasing use and importance of AI tools in our industry and by our competitors;

•there may be changes in sentiment of our traffic about the quality, usefulness or relevance of our existing content or concerns related to privacy, security, or other factors;

•failure to successfully manage changes implemented by social media platforms, search engines, news aggregators or mobile application stores, and device manufacturers, including those affecting how our content and applications are prioritized, displayed, and monetized, could affect our business;

•consumers may increasingly use technology (such as incognito browsing) that decreases our ability to obtain a complete view of the behavior of traffic that engages with our content; and

•we may be unable to maintain or update our technology infrastructure in a way that meets market and consumer demands.

We continue to direct significant resources to mitigate these potential risks and to create content, and to build, maintain, and evolve our owned and operated properties. This allocation of resources may not achieve the desired results and thus we may not avoid an adverse impact from the outlined risks on our operating results in the near term. In addition, there can be no assurance as to our ability to use new and existing technologies to distinguish our content and services from those of our competitors or to develop in a timely manner compelling new content and services that engage traffic across platforms. If the market for digital advertising deteriorates; develops more slowly than we expect; ceases to shift from traditional advertising methods to digital advertising; experiences a reduction in demand caused by weakening economic conditions, decreases in corporate spending, or a perception that digital advertising is less effective than other media or otherwise, it could reduce demand for our offerings, which could decrease revenue or otherwise adversely affect our business. Further, if we are not successful in responding to changes in technology and consumer behavior, our business, financial condition and prospects may be adversely affected.

Adverse economic conditions in the U.S. and globally, including the potential onset of recession, could have a negative effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition, and liquidity.

Adverse macroeconomic conditions in the U.S. and globally could negatively impact our business, financial condition, results of operations, and liquidity. These macroeconomic factors include: tariffs; inflation; current global supply chain disruptions; slower than expected growth or recession; changes to fiscal and monetary policy; any failure to raise the U.S. debt ceiling or to fund the federal government, leading to a shutdown; tightening of the credit markets, including as a result of bank failures and any resulting issues in the broader U.S. financial system; any higher interest rates; high unemployment; currency fluctuations; and the competitive labor market. These, and other, factors could adversely affect demand for advertising on our owned and operated sites and social media platforms or revenue generated from creating content, weakening our advertising sales and related revenue streams. Adverse economic conditions in the U.S. and globally have from time to time caused or exacerbated significant slowdowns in our industry and in the markets in which we operate, which have adversely affected our business and results of operations. Macroeconomic weakness and uncertainty also make it more difficult for us to accurately forecast revenue, gross margin, and expenses, and may make it more difficult to raise or refinance debt.

Further, sustained uncertainty about, or worsening of, current global economic conditions, including the ongoing conflicts between Russia and Ukraine and between Israel and Hamas and any related sanctions and geopolitical tensions, and further escalation of trade tensions between the U.S. and its trading partners, could result in a global economic slowdown and long-term changes to global trade. Any or all of these factors could adversely affect our advertising revenue, content revenue, and affiliate commerce revenue, and could materially adversely affect our business, results of operations, financial condition, and growth.

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The levels of our traffic to, and engagement with, our brands and content are critical to our success.

If we fail to increase our traffic, or if traffic engagement, including Time Spent, or ad engagement declines, our revenue, business, and operating results may be harmed. Our revenue and overall financial performance has been, and will continue to be, significantly determined by our success in increasing traffic and the overall level of traffic engagement with our content, including Time Spent, as well as increasing the number and quality of ad engagements. We anticipate that our traffic growth rate will slow over time as the level of our traffic increases. To the extent our traffic growth rate slows, our success will become increasingly dependent on our ability to increase levels of ad engagement on our platforms. If people do not perceive our content to be useful, reliable, and entertaining, we may not be able to attract traffic or increase the frequency of engagement, and Time Spent, on our websites and applications and with the ads that we display. There is no guarantee that we will not experience a similar erosion of our engagement levels, including Time Spent, as our traffic growth rate slows.

Further, maintaining and enhancing our brands is an important aspect of our efforts to attract and expand our traffic. Much of our new traffic is referred to us by our existing traffic. Maintaining and enhancing our brands will depend largely on our ability to continue to provide high-quality, entertaining, useful, reliable, relevant, and innovative content, which we may not do successfully. We may introduce new content, products, or terms of service or policies that our traffic, partners or advertisers do not like, which may negatively affect our brand. We will also continue to experience media, legislative, and regulatory scrutiny of our content, which may adversely affect our reputation and brands. Maintaining and enhancing our brands may require us to make substantial investments and these investments may not be successful. A number of additional factors could potentially negatively affect our traffic growth and engagement, including Time Spent, including if:

•traffic engages with other platforms or content as an alternative to ours;

•we are unable to convince potential new traffic of the value, usefulness, and relevance of our content;

•there is a decrease in the perceived quality and relevance of our content;

•we fail to introduce new and improved content or services or if we introduce new or improved content or services that are not favorably received or that negatively affect levels of traffic and engagement;

•our audience believes that their experience is diminished as a result of the decisions we make with respect to the frequency, relevance, and prominence of ads that we display;

•there are changes in the third-party platforms on which we rely to deliver a majority of our traffic;

•there is a diminishment in the popularity of the third-party platforms on which we distribute our content;

•technical or other problems prevent us from delivering our content or services in a rapid and reliable manner or otherwise affect the experience of our traffic;

•we experience service outages, data protection, and security issues;

•our trademarks are exploited by others without permission or the value of our trademarks is diluted by our actions or the actions of others;

•there are adverse changes in our content or services that are mandated by, or that we elect to make to address, legislation, regulatory constraints or litigation, including settlements or consent decrees; or

•we do not maintain our brand image or our reputation is damaged, including as a result of any strategic alliances or licensing agreements with third-parties or relationships with content creators and on-camera talent.

Additionally, we receive a high degree of media coverage around the world. Negative publicity about our company, including about our content quality and reliability, changes to our content and services, privacy and security practices, labor relations, litigation, regulatory activity, and traffic experience with our content and services, even if inaccurate, could adversely affect our reputation and the confidence in and the use of our content and services. Such negative publicity could also have an adverse effect on the size, demographics, engagement, and loyalty of our audience and could result in decreased revenue, which would adversely affect our business and operating results. If we are unable to increase our traffic or engagement, or if they decline, this could result in our content or services being less attractive to potential new traffic, as well as partners and advertisers, which would have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition, and operating results. Additionally, if we fail to successfully promote and maintain our brands or if we incur excessive expenses in this effort, our business and financial results may be adversely affected.

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If we do not consistently produce high quality content and products in a timely manner, our revenue may be materially and negatively impacted.

In order to remain competitive and maximize the chances that audiences select our content and platforms as opposed to the various entertainment options available to them and with which our content and platforms compete, we must continuously develop new creative and relevant content. This content may not be well received by audiences, even if of high quality. Similarly, in order to maximize the chances that consumers select our content and products as opposed to other retail options available to them, we must continue to develop new products for partners and clients, and new channels through which to reach audiences, which may not be well received by consumers, even if of high quality. Audiences and consumers may be critical of our brands, content, products, services, platforms, and / or business practices for a wide variety of reasons, and such negative reactions may not be foreseeable or within our control to manage effectively. Any failure of our content or products to resonate with audiences or consumers may result in our inability to retain existing customers, clients, or partners, or engage new customers, clients, or partners.

Changes to our existing content and services could fail to attract traffic and advertisers or fail to generate revenue.

We may introduce significant changes to our existing content. The success of our new content depends substantially on consumer tastes and preferences that change in often unpredictable ways. If this new content fails to engage traffic and advertisers, we may fail to generate sufficient revenue or operating profit to justify our use of resources, and our business and operating results could be adversely affected. In addition, we have launched, and expect to continue to launch, strategic initiatives, which do not yet generate material revenue, but which we believe will enhance our attractiveness to traffic and advertisers. In the future, we may invest in new content, products, services and initiatives to generate revenue, but there is no guarantee these approaches will be successful or that the costs associated with these efforts will not exceed the revenue generated. If our strategic initiatives do not enhance our ability to monetize our existing content or enable us to develop new approaches to monetization, we may not be able to maintain or grow our revenue or recover any associated development costs and our operating results could be adversely affected.

We may not have sufficient cash flow from our business to repay the Notes at maturity or repurchase them upon a fundamental change, or when otherwise put to us, which could have an adverse effect on our financial condition. We cannot provide any assurances that we will be able to fund through operations the necessary amount of capital to repay these obligations. As a result, there is substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern.

Based on its assessment, our management has raised substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern. In addition, our independent registered public accounting firm expressed substantial doubt as to our ability to continue as a going concern in their report accompanying our audited consolidated financial statements.

As of December 31, 2024, we had $30.0 million aggregate principal amount of unsecured convertible notes due 2026 issued in connection with the Business Combination (the “Notes”). As of December 31, 2024, we had $38.6 million of cash and cash equivalents, an increase of $3.0 million from December 31, 2023. On February 25, 2025, we repurchased approximately $0.3 million of the Notes, leaving approximately $29.7 million aggregate principal amount of Notes outstanding as of March 14, 2025. Refer to Note 22 to our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere within this Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional details about the repayment (repurchase).

Each holder of a Note has the right under the indenture governing the Notes to require us to repurchase, for cash, all or a portion of the Notes held by such holder (i) at any time on or after March 31, 2025 (or, upon payment of a cash fee of $1.2 million to the holders of the Notes, May 31, 2025), at a repurchase price equal to the principal amount plus accrued and unpaid interest, or (ii) upon the occurrence of a fundamental change (as defined in the indenture governing the Notes) before the maturity date (i.e. December 3, 2026), at a repurchase price equal to 101% of the principal amount plus accrued and unpaid interest. We may not have sufficient funds to satisfy the terms of the indenture governing the Notes in either event or be capable of negotiating an alternative restructuring of the Notes. Such a failure could trigger an event of default under the indenture governing the Notes, which would allow the holders of Notes to accelerate the maturity of the Notes and require us to repay the Notes prior to their maturity, which we may not be able to do.Moreover, we will be required to repay the Notes, in cash, at their maturity, unless earlier converted, redeemed, or repurchased.

Failure of our Class A common stock to be listed on any national securities exchange or quoted on Nasdaq would constitute a fundamental change under the indenture governing the Notes. As such, within 20 business days of a delisting, we would have to offer to repurchase the Notes, for cash, at a repurchase price equal to 101% of the principal amount plus accrued and unpaid interest, no later than the 35th business day following such notice. In the absence of a refinancing of

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our debt, we may not have the funds on hand to make such payment within 35 business days of such a fundamental change and, in that event, may not be able to fulfill our repurchase obligation, leading to a potential event of default under the Notes.

We may not have enough available cash or be able to obtain financing at the time we are required to repurchase the Notes. Our ability to pay cash in order to repurchase the Notes or upon maturity of the Notes depends in part on our future performance, which is subject to economic, financial, competitive and other factors including, but not limited to, rising inflation, elevated interest rates, and other negative macroeconomic factors, some of which are out of our control. Our business may not generate cash flow to service our debt. If we are unable to generate such cash flow, we may be required to adopt one or more alternatives, such as selling assets, restructuring debt, or obtaining additional debt or equity capital on terms that may be onerous or highly dilutive, which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and ability to continue as a going concern.

Our ability to repurchase the Notes when requested by the holders of the Notes, or to pay cash at maturity of the Notes, may be limited by law, regulatory authority or agreements governing any future indebtedness. Our failure to repurchase the Notes at a time when the repurchase is required by the indenture governing the Notes would constitute a default under the indenture. We may not have sufficient funds to satisfy all amounts due under the other indebtedness and the Notes.

As discussed in Note 8 to the consolidated financial statements included elsewhere within this Annual Report on Form 10-K, we may, at our election, force conversion of the Notes after December 3, 2024, subject to a holder’s prior right to convert and the satisfaction of certain other conditions, if the volume-weighted average trading price of our Class A common stock is greater than or equal to 130% of the conversion price (currently $50.00) for more than 20 trading days during a period of 30 consecutive trading days, which has yet to occur. The closing price of our Class A common stock was $2.67 on December 31, 2024, and $1.97 on March 12, 2025. As a result, we currently believe it is unlikely we will be able to force conversion of the Notes.

Given our current plans, we anticipate that our existing cash and cash equivalents will be sufficient to fund operations for the next 12 months from March 14, 2025, assuming the Notes are not called prior to the stated maturity date of December 3, 2026. However, unless we are able to refinance or repurchase the Notes, our expectation is that the Notes will be called on the later of (i) March 31, 2025, or (ii) May 31, 2025, the date to which the Company can further extend the put option by paying an additional fee of $1.2 million as provided in the fourth supplemental indenture governing the Notes. If the Notes are called, our existing cash would not be enough to fund operations for the next 12 months. If the Notes are not called, our assessment that we will have sufficient existing cash and cash equivalents to fund operations for the next 12 months is based on our management’s current assumptions, which may prove to be wrong, and we could spend our available financial resources faster than we currently expect.

Our ability to continue as a going concern may depend on our ability to obtain additional debt or equity financing or through consummating other transactions to strengthen our balance sheet. We are currently working with external advisors to optimize our consolidated balance sheet and evaluate our assets. We are also evaluating potential public and private offerings of debt or equity securities, including securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for our Class A common stock, which could result in significant dilution.

The going concern opinion issued by our independent registered public accounting firm could impair our ability to finance our operations through public or private equity offerings, or debt financings, or a combination of one or more of these funding sources. Any additional equity or debt financing could be extremely dilutive to our current shareholders. Additional debt financing could impose restrictions on our ability to operate our business. Additional capital may not be available on reasonable terms, or at all. If we are unable to obtain capital, or consummate additional asset sales (if needed), our business would be jeopardized and we may not be able to continue operations.

A portion of our online traffic is generated from other third-party platforms and Internet search engines. Declines in referrals from third-party platforms could therefore cause our revenue to decline.

Our success depends in part on our ability to attract online visitors to our owned and operated properties, and we depend in part on referrals from third-party platforms and Internet search companies, most prominently Apple News, Google, Facebook, YouTube, Instagram, TikTok, Snapchat, and X (formerly Twitter), to direct visitors to our owned and operated properties. Our ability to maintain or increase the number of visitors to our owned and operated properties from third-party platforms and Internet search engines is not entirely within our control.

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Some of these platforms have diminished, and may continue to diminish, in popularity. A diminishment in popularity in any of these platforms, whether because access to that platform is denied in certain markets or for any other reason, could negatively impact our business, revenue, and results of operations. Further, consumer adoption of AI tools to perform internet searches could impact Internet search referrals to our websites, should users forgo referrals and instead rely on large language model summaries of our content.

Third-party platforms and major tech companies continue to prioritize their formats, in lieu of sending audience traffic to publishers such as us, which may cause referrals from these platforms to our content to diminish. Additionally, search companies frequently revise their algorithms, and changes in their algorithms could cause our owned and operated properties to receive less favorable placements. If these platform providers deny access to our content, modify their current discovery mechanisms or algorithms, develop their own competitive offerings, or impose fees for access to and use of their platforms, our business could be negatively impacted. We are also subject to the standard terms, conditions, and practices of these platform providers, which govern the promotion, distribution, operation and use of our content. Platform providers have broad discretion to change their standard terms and conditions and have the right to prohibit us from distributing content on their platforms if we violate them. In addition, platform providers can change their policies or interpretations of their standard terms and conditions. Our business could suffer materially if platform providers change their standard terms and conditions, interpretations or other policies and practices in a way that is detrimental to us or if platform providers determine that we are in violation of their standard terms and conditions and prohibit us from distributing our content on their platforms. Moreover, if we are unable to maintain a good relationship with these platform providers, our business and operating results could be adversely affected.

While we have several initiatives underway to attract more users directly to our owned and operated websites and applications, there is no guarantee they will be successful. As such, the decline in referrals from third-party platforms and major tech companies has had, and may continue to have, an adverse impact on our revenues. Our business could also be harmed if these platforms change their terms and conditions relating to how their users share information on or through their platforms or across other platforms, which could impact our traffic and engagement.

Similarly, a single customer — Amazon — currently accounts for the vast majority of our affiliate commerce revenue. As such, the loss of this customer or a reduction in its commercial dealings with us for any reason could have a negative impact on that revenue.

We have incurred operating losses in the past, may incur operating losses in the future, and may not achieve or maintain profitability in the future.

Since our inception, we have generally incurred significant losses and we may continue to incur net losses in the future. For the year ended December 31, 2024, we had a net loss from continuing operations of $34.0 million. As of December 31, 2024, we had an accumulated deficit of $621.9 million. We have significantly decreased our expenses since 2022; however, we cannot guarantee that we will be able to increase our revenue in order to achieve or maintain profitability or generate positive cash flow. For example, during the year ended December 31, 2024, our total revenue decreased by 18% compared to the year ended December 31, 2023.

Acquisitions, dispositions, joint ventures, strategic partnerships and strategic investments could disrupt our business and harm our financial condition and operating results.

In the past, we have made acquisitions and investments, such as our acquisition of HuffPost in February 2021 and of Complex Networks (including First We Feast) as part of the Business Combination. We have also disposed of businesses (i.e., our sale of certain assets relating to the business of Complex Networks pursuant to the Asset Purchase Agreement, dated as of February 21, 2024, with Commerce Media Holdings, LLC (i.e., the “Complex Disposition”) and our sale of certain assets and liabilities relating to the business of First We Feast pursuant to the Asset Purchase Agreement dated December 11, 2024, with FEAST OPCO LLC (i.e., the “First We Feast Disposition”)). We continue to work with our advisors to optimize our consolidated balance sheet and evaluate our assets. If we decide to sell assets or a business, we may encounter difficulty in finding buyers or alternative exit strategies on acceptable terms in a timely manner, which could delay the achievement of our strategic objectives. We may also dispose of a business at a price or on terms that are different from current balance sheet values, which could result in significant asset write-down charges that could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations. We may also incur significant or unanticipated expenses, experience greater dis-synergies than expected, or disrupt relationships with our employees, customers and business partners. There can be no assurance whether the strategic benefits and expected financial impact of any divestiture, including the Complex Disposition and the First We Feast Disposition, will be achieved. Such actions may

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also result in the diversion of management time and focus from operating our business or result in claims against us, including from stockholders. The occurrence of any of these events could have an adverse effect on our reputation, business, and results of operations.

Our applications of AI generally may not be successful, which may impair our ability to compete effectively, result in reputational harm and have a material adverse impact on our operating results.

We are increasingly building AI into many of our offerings, including generative AI. As with many innovations, AI presents additional risks and challenges that could affect its adoption and therefore our business. AI and machine learning technologies are complex and rapidly evolving, and we face significant competition from other companies in our industry as well as an evolving regulatory landscape. These efforts, including the introduction of new products or changes to existing products, may result in additional costs, new or enhanced governmental or regulatory scrutiny, litigation, unintended consequences, such as discrimination or bias, errors in our systems, or other complications that could adversely affect our business, reputation, or financial results. We may also be subject to criticism for the way we use AI, even if we are acting in a responsible manner. Changes to existing regulations, their interpretation or implementation or new regulations could impede our use of AI and machine learning technology and also may make it more difficult to operate our business or to protect our intellectual property. In addition, market acceptance of AI and machine learning technologies is uncertain, and we may be unsuccessful in our product development efforts. Further, we may rely on third-party providers for the development and maintenance of our AI systems, which could increase our risk of exposure to security breaches and other disruptions. Uncertainty around AI, including generative AI, may require additional investment to develop new approaches to attribute or compensate content creators, which could be costly. Any of these factors could adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

We may not realize the expected financial and operational benefits of our recently announced restructuring plan, and its implementation may negatively impact our business.

In February 2025, we reduced expenses by implementing an approximately 5% reduction in our then-current workforce. The reduction in workforce was intended to streamline our news operations for HuffPost. There can be no assurance that our business will be more efficient or effective than prior to implementation of the plan. In addition, we cannot guarantee that this restructuring will achieve the desired and anticipated benefits within any expected timeframe. Our expectations are subject to many estimates and assumptions, and the actual savings and costs, and the timing for those savings and costs, may vary materially. Further, we have implemented restructuring plans in the past, including as recently as February 2024, and there can be no assurances that further restructuring plans will not be needed. The implementation of this restructuring plan, or any we implement in the future, may also be costly and disruptive to our business or have other negative consequences, such as litigation, attrition beyond our planned reduction in workforce, negative impacts on employee morale and productivity, or on our ability to attract and retain highly skilled employees. Any of these consequences could negatively impact our business.

The loss of key personnel, management having limited public company experience, or our failure to attract and retain other highly qualified personnel in the future, could harm our business.

Our business depends on the continued performance of key personnel. We have not entered into any employment agreement or non-competition agreement with our Chief Executive Officer and Founder, Jonah Peretti, and his employment with us is at-will, as is our employment relationship with the other members of our senior management team. Changes in our management team, whether due to voluntary departures or other reasons, could disrupt our operations, hinder the execution of our strategies, and negatively affect employee morale and productivity. In addition, most of our content is custom-made for our business by our personnel. The loss of key personnel, including key engineering, video, editorial, and sales personnel, could disrupt our operations and have an adverse effect on our business. Similarly, the loss of an influencer, content creator or other creative talent or on-camera talent could harm our ability to create or use the paid or sponsored branded, editorial, syndicated, and studio content featuring such creator or talent, which could have a negative impact on our revenues.

We are subject to regulatory oversight and reporting obligations, and failure to retain key personnel with the necessary expertise could impact our ability to meet these obligations, affect our relationships with investors and analysts, and harm our business, financial condition, and operating results. Moreover, volatility in our stock price could limit our ability to attract, retain, and motivate employees through equity-based incentives, further exacerbating challenges related to employee retention and morale.

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Further, if our diversity and inclusion efforts are perceived as insufficient, on the one hand, or overdone, on the other hand, we may not be able to attract and retain talent, we may be subject to investigations, litigation, and other proceedings, and our brand and reputation and stock price may be harmed.

Further, many members of our management team have limited experience managing a publicly traded company and navigating the complex regulatory environment for public companies. We are subject to significant regulatory oversight and reporting obligations under the federal securities laws and the continuous scrutiny of securities analysts and investors. These obligations and constituents require significant attention from our senior management, and failure to retain key personnel could adversely affect our business, financial condition, and operating results.

Use of content creators and on-camera talent may materially and adversely affect our reputation.

We maintain relationships with and monetize content created by many content creators and on-camera talent. Negative commentary regarding us, our products and services, or content creators, talent, and other third parties who are affiliated with us may also be posted on social platforms and may be adverse to our values, reputation, or business. Content creators and on-camera talent with whom we maintain relationships could engage in behavior or use their platforms to communicate directly with our consumers in a manner that reflects poorly on our brand and may be attributed to us or otherwise adversely affect us. It is not possible to prevent such behavior, and the precautions we take to detect and distance ourselves from this activity may not be effective in all cases. Our target consumers often value readily available information and could act on such information without further investigation and without regard to its accuracy. Whether the information is accurate or not, the harm may be immediate, without affording us an opportunity for redress or correction. Further, such behavior by a content creator or on-camera talent may result in our being unable or unwilling to continue current production or other activities, and use and monetize our library of paid or sponsored branded, editorial, syndicated, and studio content featuring such creator or talent, which could have a negative impact on our revenues and the intrinsic value of our existing assets.

Relationships with third parties managing certain of our branded operations outside of the U.S. may materially and adversely affect our reputation.

Increasingly, our branded operations outside of the U.S. are managed via license agreements with third parties, such as our relationship with Independent Digital News Media Limited. Refer to Note 21 included elsewhere within this Annual Report on Form 10-K for further details on the license agreement with Independent Digital News Media Limited. While we require the third parties to which we license our intellectual property to follow certain brand guidelines and these parties are otherwise obligated to protect the value of our property and reputation, we cannot assure that they will do so, and, if they fail, such failure could adversely affect our business. Further, the failure of these third parties to successfully exploit our intellectual property in the territories in which they have the exclusive right to do so could have a negative effect on our revenues or diminish the overall value of our brands which, in turn, could adversely affect our business and operating results. In addition, licensing the rights to exploit our intellectual property may make it difficult for us to sell that underlying property, if we want to do so, as a potential buyer may want the right to exploit it throughout the world, unencumbered by these rights.

Our financial results have fluctuated in the past and will fluctuate in the future.

Our historical financial results have fluctuated in the past and we expect they will continue to do so. Our financial results in any given reporting period may be influenced by numerous factors, many of which we are unable to predict or are outside of our control, including:

•our ability to maintain and grow traffic and engagement;

•changes made to the social media and other platforms that are important channels of distribution for our content, or changes in the patterns of use of those channels by users;

•our ability to attract and retain advertisers in a particular period;

•shifts in advertiser and consumer spending habits;

•seasonal fluctuations in our revenue — for example, our revenue is typically highest in the fourth quarter of the year due to strong advertising spending and consumer spending during this quarter;

•the number of ads shown to our traffic;

•the pricing of our advertising products;

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•the diversification and growth of revenue sources beyond current advertising products;

•the development and introduction of new content, products, or services by us or our competitors;

•increases in marketing, sales, and other operating expenses that we may incur to grow and expand our operations and to remain competitive;

•our ability to maintain gross margins and operating margins; and

•system failures or breaches of security or privacy.

Our historical financial results should not be relied upon as indicators of our future performance.

Our business and operating results may be harmed by a disruption in our service, or by our failure to timely and effectively scale and adapt our existing technology and infrastructure.

Service delays, outages or disruptions, or the loss or compromise of data, could result from a variety of causes, including infrastructure changes, human or software errors, hardware failure, capacity constraints due to an overwhelming number of people accessing our products and services simultaneously, computer viruses, malicious cyber activities, denial of service, fraud, or security attacks. In addition, our operations are susceptible to outages and interruptions due to fire, flood, earthquake, tsunami, other natural disasters, power loss, equipment or telecommunications failures, cyber attacks, terrorist attacks, political or social unrest, and other events over which we have little or no control. We do not have multiple site capacity for all of our services and some of our systems are not fully redundant in the event of delays or disruptions to service, so some data or systems may not be fully recoverable after such events.

In addition, we rely on third-party providers over which we have little or no control for our principal Internet connections and co-location of a significant portion of our data servers. Any disruption of the services they provide us or any failure of these third-party providers to handle higher volumes of use could, in turn, cause delays or disruptions in our services and loss of revenue. Accordingly, in the event of a significant issue at the data center supporting most of our network traffic, some of our content and services may become inaccessible to the public or the public may experience difficulties accessing our content and services. Any disruption or failure in our infrastructure, whether resulting from our actions or omissions, or those of third-party providers, could hinder our ability to handle existing or increased traffic on our platform, which could significantly harm our business. As the level of our traffic increases, we may be required to expand and adapt our technology and infrastructure to continue to reliably store, serve, and analyze our content. It may become increasingly difficult to maintain and improve the performance of our services, especially during peak usage times, as our services become more complex and our user traffic increases. The systems through which we provide our services are highly technical, complex, and interdependent. Design errors might exist in these systems, or might be introduced when we make modifications, which might cause service malfunctions or require services to be taken offline while corrective responses are developed. If our traffic is unable to access our platform or our content on third-party platforms, or we are not able to make content available rapidly on our platform or on third-party platforms, our traffic may seek other channels to obtain the information, and may not return to our platform or view our content on third-party platforms, or use our platform as often in the future, or at all. This would negatively impact our ability to attract, retain, and increase the number and engagement of our traffic, platform partners, and advertisers, as well as damage our brands, generate legal costs or liability, and harm our operating results.

We track certain performance metrics with internal tools and do not independently verify such metrics. Certain of our performance metrics are subject to inherent challenges in measurement, and real or perceived inaccuracies in such metrics may harm our reputation and negatively affect our business.

We track certain performance metrics with our internal tools which are not independently verified by any third party. Our internal tools have a number of limitations and our methodologies for tracking these metrics may change over time, which could result in unexpected changes to our metrics, including the metrics we report. If the internal tools we use to track these metrics undercount or overcount performance or contain algorithmic or other technical errors, the data we report may not be accurate. In addition, limitations or errors with respect to how we measure data (or the data that we measure) may affect our understanding of certain details of our business, which could affect our longer-term strategies. If our performance metrics are not accurate representations of our business, user base, or traffic levels, if we discover material inaccuracies in our metrics, or if the metrics we rely on to track our performance do not provide an accurate measurement of our business, our reputation may be harmed, we may be subject to legal or regulatory actions, and our operating and financial results could be adversely affected.

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If we fail to effectively invest in our business, operating results could be harmed.

As we continue to look for ways to diversify our business, we may need to invest in our operating capacities, such as research and content development, in order to keep pace with our competition. In those areas where we invest, such as, for example, in our capacity to leverage AI and develop new associated products, we may face significant competition for talent and we may not be able to hire the right new employees to meet our needs. Providing our content, services, and features to our audience and customers is costly and we expect there to be upward pressure on expenses as we continue to work to deepen engagement and develop and implement new features and services that require more infrastructure. While we continue to look for ways to offset these upward pressures on expenses, including by reducing costs elsewhere, we may not be successful. Our expenses may grow faster than our revenue, and our expenses may be greater than we anticipate. Any of this could negatively affect our business performance.

If the security of our information technology systems or data is compromised or if our platform is subjected to attacks that frustrate or thwart our users’ ability to access our products and services, our users, advertisers, and partners may cut back on or stop using our products and services altogether, which could seriously harm our business.

Our operations involve the collection, storage, use, and transmission of personal and proprietary information of certain of our users, advertisers, and partners on our equipment, networks, and corporate systems. Our efforts to protect our sensitive information, including information that our users, advertisers, and partners have shared with us, may be unsuccessful due to the actions of third parties, including traditional “black hat” hackers, nation states, nation-state supported groups, organized criminal enterprises, hacktivists, and our personnel and contractors (through theft, misuse, or other risk). We and the third parties on which we rely may be subject to a variety of evolving threats, including social-engineering attacks, malware, malicious code, hacking, credential stuffing, and denial of service.

Security breaches expose us to a risk of loss of this information, operational disruptions, litigation, remediation costs, increased costs for security measures, ransomware, loss of revenue, damage to our reputation, and potential liability. Any system failure or compromise of our security that results in the unauthorized access to or release of our traffic’s or advertisers’ data, could significantly limit our content delivery and traffic engagement, as well as harm our reputation and brands and, therefore, our business. Our security measures may also be breached due to employee error, malfeasance, or otherwise.

In particular, severe ransomware attacks are becoming increasingly prevalent. To alleviate the financial, operational, and reputational impact of these attacks, it may be preferable to make extortion payments, but we may be unwilling or unable to do so, including, for example, if applicable laws or regulations prohibit such payments. And, even if we make such payments, cyber threat actors may still disclose data, engage in further extortion, or otherwise harm our systems or data. Moreover, for certain employees, we permit a remote working environment, which has increased risks to our IT systems and data, as our employees utilize network connections, computers, and devices outside our premises or network, including working at home, while in transit and in public locations.

In addition, cyber threat actors have also increased the complexity of their attempts to compromise user accounts, despite our defenses and detection mechanisms to prevent these account takeovers. User credentials may be obtained off-platform, including through breaches of third-party platforms and services, password stealing malware, social engineering, or other tactics and techniques like credential harvesting, and used to launch coordinated attacks. Some of these attacks may be hard to detect at scale and may result in cyber threat actors using our service to spam or abuse other users, access user personal data, further compromise additional user accounts, or to compromise employee account credentials or social engineer employees into granting further access to systems.

In addition, we rely on the technology and systems provided by third-party vendors (including cloud-based service providers) for a variety of operations, including encryption and authentication technology, employee email, domain name registration, content delivery to customers, administrative functions (including payroll processing and certain finance and accounting functions), and other operations. Our ability to monitor the information security practices of these third parties is limited, and these third parties may not have adequate information security measures in place despite their contractual representations to implement such measures and our third-party service provider vetting process. If these third parties fail to implement adequate data security practices or fail to comply with our terms, policies, or contractual obligations, our sensitive information may be improperly accessed or disclosed, and we may experience adverse consequences. Even if these third parties take all of these steps, their networks may still suffer a breach, which could compromise our sensitive information. We or our third-party providers may also experience failures or malfunctions of hardware or software, the loss of technology assets, or the loss of data that, while not caused by threat actors, may have a similar impact and risk to our business. While we may be entitled to damages if our third-party service providers fail to satisfy their privacy or security-

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related obligations to us, or cause the loss of our data or prolonged downtime, any award may be insufficient to cover our damages, or we may be unable to recover such award. Additionally, hardware, software, or applications we procure from third parties may contain defects in design or manufacture or other problems that could unexpectedly compromise network and data security. We also currently use open-source software and anticipate possibly using open-source software in the future. The use of certain open-source software can lead to greater risks than use of third-party commercial software, as open-source licensors generally do not provide warranties or controls on the origin of software. Additionally, outside parties may attempt to fraudulently induce our employees, traffic, or advertisers to disclose sensitive information in order to gain access to our data or our traffic’s or advertisers’ data or accounts, or may otherwise obtain access to such data or accounts. Further, our systems, and those of third parties upon which our business relies, may be vulnerable to interruption or damage that can result from natural disasters or the effects of climate change (such as increased storm severity and flooding), fires, power or Internet outages, acts of terrorism, or other similar events. If any of these or similar events occur, our or our third-party partners’ sensitive information and IT systems could be compromised, resulting in a security incident or other interruption.

While we have implemented security measures designed to protect against security incidents, there can be no assurance that these measures will be effective. We take steps designed to detect and remediate vulnerabilities in our information systems (such as our hardware and software, including that of third parties upon which we rely), and we work with security researchers through our bug bounty program to help us identify vulnerabilities. We may not, however, detect, become aware of, and remediate all such vulnerabilities including on a timely basis, and there is no guarantee security researchers will disclose all vulnerabilities they become aware of or do so responsibly. Further, we may experience delays in developing or deploying remedial measures and patches designed to address identified vulnerabilities. Vulnerabilities could be exploited and result in a security or privacy incident.

Information security threats are constantly evolving, increasing the difficulty of detecting and successfully defending against them. To date, no incidents have had, either individually or in the aggregate, a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, or results of operations. However, because the techniques used to obtain unauthorized access, disable or degrade service, or sabotage systems change frequently and often are not recognized until launched against a target, we may be unable to anticipate these techniques or to implement adequate preventative measures. If a perceived breach of our security occurs or an actual breach of our security that results in degraded website or application performance, unauthorized access, availability problems, or the loss or unauthorized disclosure of confidential information occurs, the market perception of the effectiveness of our security measures could be harmed, our traffic, advertisers, and partners may lose trust and confidence in us or decrease the use of our websites, applications or services or stop using our services in their entirety; and we may incur significant legal and financial exposure, including legal claims, higher transaction fees, and regulatory fines and penalties. Despite our implementation of network security measures, our servers are vulnerable to computer viruses, malware, worms, hacking, physical and electronic break-ins, router disruption, sabotage or espionage, and other disruptions from unauthorized access and tampering, as well as coordinated denial-of-service attacks. We may not be in a position to promptly address attacks or to implement adequate preventative measures if we are unable to immediately detect such attacks. Any of these actions could have a material adverse effect on our business, reputation, and operating results. Such events could result in large expenditures to investigate or remediate, to recover data, to repair or replace networks or information systems, including changes to security measures, to deploy additional personnel, to defend litigation or to protect against similar future events, and may cause damage to our reputation or loss of revenue. Certain data privacy and security obligations may require us to implement and maintain specific security measures or industry-standard or reasonable security measures to protect our systems and sensitive information.

Any security incident experienced by us or our third-party partners could damage our reputation and our brand, and diminish our competitive position. Applicable privacy and security obligations may require us to notify relevant stakeholders, including affected individuals, customers, regulators, and investors, of security incidents. Such disclosures are costly and the failure to comply with these legal requirements could lead to adverse consequences. Governments and regulatory agencies (including the SEC) have and may continue to enact new disclosure requirements for cybersecurity events. In addition, affected users or government authorities could initiate legal or regulatory action against us, including class-action claims, mass arbitration demands, investigations, penalties, and audits, which could be time-consuming and cause us to incur significant expenses or liabilities, or result in orders or consent decrees forcing us to modify our business practices. We could also experience loss of user or advertiser confidence in the security of our platform, additional reporting requirements or oversight, restrictions on processing sensitive information, claims by our partners or other relevant parties that we have failed to comply with contractual obligations or our policies, and indemnification obligations. We could also spend material resources to investigate or correct the incident and to prevent future incidents. Maintaining the trust of our users is important to sustain our growth, retention, and user engagement. Concerns over our privacy and security practices, whether actual or unfounded, could damage our reputation and brand and deter users, advertisers, and partners from using our products and services. Any of these occurrences could seriously harm our business.

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Some of our services contain open-source software, and we license some of our software through open-source projects, which may pose particular risks to our proprietary software, products, and services in a manner that could have a negative effect on our business.

We use open-source software in our products and services and will use open-source software in the future. In addition, we contribute software source code to open-source projects under open-source licenses or release internal software projects under open-source licenses, and anticipate doing so in the future. The terms of many open-source licenses to which we are subject have not been interpreted by U.S. or foreign courts, and there is a risk that open-source software licenses could be construed in a manner that imposes unanticipated conditions or restrictions on our ability to provide or distribute our products or services. Additionally, we may from time to time face claims from third parties claiming ownership of, or demanding release of, the open-source software or derivative works that we developed using such software, which could include our proprietary source code, or otherwise seeking to enforce the terms of the applicable open-source license. These claims could result in litigation and could require us to make our software source code freely available, purchase a costly license, or cease offering the implicated products or services unless and until we can re-engineer them to avoid infringement. This re-engineering process could require significant additional research and development resources, and we may not be able to complete it successfully. In addition to risks related to license requirements, use of certain open-source software can lead to greater risks than use of third-party commercial software, as open-source licensors generally do not provide warranties or controls on the origin of software. Additionally, because any software source code we contribute to open-source projects is publicly available, our ability to protect our intellectual property rights with respect to such software source code may be limited or lost entirely, and we may be unable to prevent our competitors or others from using such contributed software source code. Any of these risks could be difficult to eliminate or manage, and, if not addressed, could have a negative effect on our business, financial condition, and operating results.

Our traffic growth, engagement, and monetization depend upon effective operation within and compatibility with operating systems, networks, devices, web browsers and standards, including mobile operating systems, streaming tools, networks, and standards that we do not control.

We make our content available across a variety of operating systems and through websites. We are dependent on the compatibility of our content with popular devices, streaming tools, desktop and mobile operating systems, and web browsers that we do not control, such as Mac OS, Windows, Android, iOS, Chrome, and Firefox. Any changes in such systems, devices, or web browsers that degrade the functionality of our content or give preferential treatment to competitive content could adversely affect usage of our content. A majority of our traffic accesses our content and services through mobile devices and we expect to continue to devote significant resources to the creation and support of developing new and innovative mobile products, services, and applications. As a result, our ability to grow advertising revenue is increasingly dependent on our ability to generate revenue from content viewed and engaged with on mobile devices. We are dependent on the interoperability of our content and our applications with popular mobile operating systems, streaming tools, networks, and standards that we do not control, such as the Android and iOS operating systems. Our mobile applications are downloaded from third-party app stores, such as the Apple App Store and Google Play. We may not be successful in maintaining or developing relationships with key participants in the mobile industry or in developing content or applications that operate effectively with these technologies, systems, tools, networks, or standards. Any changes in such systems, or changes in our relationships with mobile operating system partners, handset manufacturers, or mobile carriers, or in their terms of service or policies that reduce or eliminate our ability to distribute our content or applications, impair access to our content by blocking access through mobile devices, make it hard to readily discover, install, update, or access our content and applications on mobile devices, give preferential treatment to competitive, or their own, content or applications, limit our ability to measure the effectiveness of branded content, or charge fees related to the distribution of our content or applications, could adversely affect the consumption and monetization of our content on mobile devices. Additionally, if the number of platforms for which we develop our products expands, it will result in an increase in our operating expenses. In the event that it is more difficult to access our content or use our applications and services, particularly on mobile devices, or if our traffic chooses not to access our content or use our applications on their mobile devices or choose to use mobile products that do not offer access to our content or our applications, or if the preferences of our traffic requires us to increase the number of platforms on which our product is made available to our traffic, our traffic growth, engagement, ad targeting, and monetization could be harmed and our business and operating results could be adversely affected.

Our business depends on continued and unimpeded access to our content and services on the Internet. If we or those who engage with our brands or content experience disruptions in Internet service or if Internet service providers are

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able to block, degrade or charge for access to our content and services, we could incur additional expenses and the loss of traffic and advertisers.

We depend on the ability of our traffic and advertisers to access the Internet. Currently, this access is provided by companies that have significant market power in the broadband and Internet access marketplace, including incumbent telephone companies, cable companies, mobile communications companies, government-owned service providers, device manufacturers and operating system providers, any of whom could take actions that degrade, disrupt, or increase the cost of access by our traffic to our content, products or services, which would, in turn, negatively impact our business. The adoption of any laws or regulations that adversely affect the growth, popularity or use of the Internet, including laws or practices limiting Internet neutrality, could decrease the demand for, or the usage of, our content, products and services, increase our cost of doing business and adversely affect our operating results. We also rely on other companies to maintain reliable network systems that provide adequate speed, data capacity, and security to us and our traffic. As the Internet continues to experience growth in the level of traffic, frequency of engagement, and amount of data transmitted, the Internet infrastructure that we and our traffic rely on may be unable to support the demands placed upon it. Failures of the Internet infrastructure that we or our traffic rely on, even for a short period of time, could undermine our operations and harm our operating results.

Adverse developments affecting the financial services industry, such as actual events or concerns involving liquidity, defaults or non-performance by financial institutions or transactional counterparties, could adversely affect our current and projected business operations and its financial condition and results of operations.

Actual events involving limited liquidity, defaults, non-performance, or other adverse developments that affect financial institutions, transactional counterparties, or other companies in the financial services industry or the financial services industry generally, or concerns or rumors about any events of these kinds or other similar risks, have in the past and may in the future lead to market-wide liquidity problems. For example, in March 2023, Silicon Valley Bank, where we historically maintained significant deposits, and another bank, were swept into receivership. While the U.S. Federal Reserve, the U.S. Treasury Department, and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (the “FDIC”) guaranteed all deposits above and beyond the limit on insured deposits at these banks, there can be no assurance that there will not be additional bank failures or issues in the broader U.S. financial system, which may have an impact on the broader capital markets and, in turn, our ability to access those markets.

Further, we have historically maintained most of our deposits at a limited number of financial institutions and retain lending relationships with a limited number of banking institutions. If our relationship banks and financial institutions experience difficulties, our ability to access our cash and cash equivalents, including transferring funds, making payments, or receiving funds may be threatened. Similarly, if any parties with whom we conduct business are unable to access funds pursuant to lending arrangements with a closed financial institution, such parties’ ability to pay their obligations to us or to enter into new commercial arrangements requiring additional payments to us could be adversely affected.

In addition, historically our deposit accounts have held deposits in excess of the FDIC-insured amount of $250,000 (actual dollars) per depositor. There can be no assurance our deposits in excess of the FDIC or other comparable insurance limits will be backstopped by the U.S. government, or that any bank or financial institution with which we do business will be able to obtain needed liquidity from other banks, government institutions, or by acquisition in the event of a failure or liquidity crisis.

Audience loyalty and brand reputation, and in turn ad revenue, may be adversely impacted amid growing skepticism towards traditional media.

Growing skepticism and frustration from audiences regarding the role of the media, including our platforms, present significant risks to our business. A substantial portion of the public across the political spectrum has become disillusioned with traditional media, citing perceived political bias, concerns about censorship or self-censorship, and frustrations over the lack of investigative coverage. As a result, some consumers have disengaged from mainstream outlets and turned to alternative information sources, including independent journalists and nontraditional platforms, which could threaten our ability to retain audience loyalty and engagement.

This shift in audience behavior could lead to declining readership and reduced engagement, impacting our advertising revenue and overall brand reputation. Additionally, as consumer preferences evolve, we may face challenges in monetizing our content through traditional advertising models, requiring us to explore new revenue strategies. Maintaining credibility in this climate will require careful editorial decisions, investigative rigor, and high journalistic standards.

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As consumer preferences evolve and advertisers become more cautious about aligning with brands perceived as politically or socially controversial, we may face challenges in maintaining advertiser relationships and consumer loyalty. Changes in consumer behavior, driven by shifting political and social attitudes, could result in decreased demand for our content, lower advertising revenue, and heightened pressure to adapt our strategies to mitigate potential reputational and financial impacts.

International Challenges and Risks.

We have offices around the world and our content is available in multiple languages. Our business and the conduct of our operations internationally requires considerable management attention and resources and is subject to the particular challenges of supporting a business in an environment of multiple languages, cultures, customs, legal and regulatory systems, alternative dispute systems, and commercial markets. Operating internationally subjects us to risks, and may increase risks that we currently face, including risks associated with:

•recruiting, integrating, and retaining talented and capable employees in foreign countries and maintaining our company culture across all of our offices;

•providing our content and operating across a significant distance, in different languages, and among different cultures, including the potential need to modify our products, content, and services to ensure that they are culturally relevant in different countries;

•increased competition from local media companies and mobile applications which have expanded and may continue to expand their geographic footprint;

•differing and potentially lower levels of user growth, user engagement, and ad engagement in new and emerging geographic territories;

•operating through license agreements with third parties managing certain BuzzFeed branded operations outside of the U.S.;

•compliance with applicable foreign laws and regulations, including laws and regulations with respect to privacy, consumer protection, and media freedom;

•operating in jurisdictions that do not protect intellectual property rights to the same extent as the U.S.;

•compliance with anti-corruption laws including, without limitation, compliance with the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and U.K. Bribery Act (and local law analogues);

•compliance with economic and trade sanctions set by, among others, the Office of Foreign Assets Control against targeted foreign governments, entities and individuals;

•risk of fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates, as we transact business in various foreign currencies, including obtaining revenue and incurring costs denominated in foreign currencies, primarily the British pound, Japanese yen, Australian dollar, Mexican peso, and Canadian dollar and, accordingly, changes in exchange rates, could negatively affect our and results of operations as expressed in U.S. dollars, a risk we do not currently engage in hedging activities to limit;

•foreign exchange controls that might require significant lead time in setting up operations in certain geographic territories and might prevent us from repatriating cash earned outside the U.S.;

•double taxation of our international earnings and potentially adverse tax consequences due to changes in the tax laws of the U.S. or the foreign jurisdictions in which we operate; and

•higher costs of doing business internationally, including increased accounting, travel, infrastructure, and legal compliance costs.

If we are unable to manage the complexity of our global operations successfully, our business, financial condition and operating results could be adversely affected.

Our flexible working arrangements may have an adverse effect on our business.

We operate a hybrid work environment in which a significant portion of our workforce works either in-person on a part-time basis, or remotely on a permanent basis. As a result, we are subject to the challenges and risks of having a remote and hybrid workforce. For example, certain security systems in homes or other remote workplaces may be less secure than

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those used in our offices, which may subject us to increased security risks, including cybersecurity-related events, and expose us to risks of data or financial loss and associated disruptions to our business operations. Members of our workforce who work remotely may not have access to technology that is as robust as that in our offices, which could cause the networks, information systems, applications, and other tools available to those remote workers to be more limited or less reliable than in our offices. We may also be exposed to risks associated with the locations of remote workers, including compliance with local laws and regulations or exposure to compromised internet infrastructure. Allowing members of our workforce to work remotely may create intellectual property risk if employees create intellectual property on our behalf while residing in a jurisdiction with unenforced or uncertain intellectual property laws. Further, if employees fail to inform us of changes in their work location, we may be exposed to additional risks without our knowledge. Hybrid in-person as well as remote working may also subject us to other operational challenges and risks. For example, hybrid working arrangements may adversely affect our ability to recruit and retain personnel who prefer a fully remote or fully in-person work environment. Operating our business with both remote and in-person workers, or workers who work in flexible locations and on flexible schedules, could have a negative impact on our corporate culture, decrease the ability of our workforce to collaborate and communicate effectively, decrease innovation and productivity, or negatively affect workforce morale and retention rates. A remote work environment may adversely affect the productivity of our team members and overall operations, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition, and future prospects.

In addition, we expect to incur costs related to a hybrid workforce, including, among other things, facilitating permanent remote work for a portion of our workforce and updating our offices to offer more collaborative workspaces. If we are unable to effectively operate a hybrid workforce, manage the cybersecurity and other risks of remote work, and maintain our corporate culture and workforce morale, our business could be harmed or otherwise negatively impacted.

Our business is subject to the risks of earthquakes, fire, power outages, floods, and other catastrophic events, and to interruption by man-made problems such as terrorism.

A significant natural disaster, such as an earthquake, fire, flood, or significant power outage could have a material adverse impact on our business, operating results, and financial condition. Despite any precautions we may take, the occurrence of a natural disaster or other unanticipated event could impact our cloud infrastructure and result in lengthy interruptions in our services. In addition, acts of terrorism and other geopolitical unrest (including the ongoing conflicts between Israel and Hamas and between Russia and Ukraine) could cause disruptions in our business. All of the aforementioned risks may be further increased if our disaster recovery plans prove to be inadequate. We have implemented a disaster recovery program for a subset of our properties, which allows us to serve static content or switch content delivery networks in the event of a catastrophe. Although the program is functional, our properties will have degraded experiences including a period of time that our products or services, or certain of our products or services, will remain inaccessible or people may experience severe issues accessing our products and services. Any such natural disaster or man-made problem could adversely impact our business, financial condition, and operating results. Further, a portion of our employees are journalists, who may face heightened dangers during such catastrophes, particularly when reporting in high-risk environments, and any failure on our part to mitigate such risks could cause us reputational harm and adversely impact our business, financial condition, and operating results.

Risks Related to Financial and Accounting Matters

We previously identified material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting that continue to exist. Failure to remediate the material weaknesses in a timely manner or maintain effective internal control over financial reporting may adversely impact our ability to produce timely and accurate financial statements or comply with applicable laws and regulations.

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BZFD · 10-K · period ended 2024-12-31

ITEM 1. BUSINESS

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

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BZFD · 10-K · period ended 2024-12-31

ITEM 1. BUSINESS

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

BZFD US Equity