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Item 1A. Risk Factors

You should carefully consider the following risks and all of the other information set forth in this Annual Report, including without limitation “Item 7—Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and our consolidated financial statements and related notes in “Item 8—Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.” The following risk factors have been organized by category for ease of use; however, many of the risks may have impacts in more than one category.

Risks Related to Our Brands, Products and Operations

If we fail to retain existing members or add new members, or if our members decrease their level of engagement with our products or do not convert to paying users, our revenue, financial results and business may be significantly harmed.

The size of our member base and our members’ level of engagement are critical to our success. Our apps monetize via a freemium model where the use of our service is free and a subset of our members pay for subscriptions or in-app purchases to access premium features. Our financial performance has thus been and will continue to be significantly determined by our success in adding, retaining and engaging members of our products and converting members into paying subscribers or in-app purchasers. We expect that the size of our member base and/or their engagement levels will fluctuate or decline in one or more markets from time to time. Member engagement can be difficult to measure, particularly as we introduce new and different products and services. Any number of factors can negatively affect member retention, growth, and engagement, including if:

•members increasingly engage with other competitive products or services;

•member behavior on any of our products changes, including decreases in the quality of the member base and frequency of use of our products and services;

•members feel that their experience is diminished as a result of the decisions we make with respect to the frequency, prominence, format, size and quality of ads that we display;

•there are decreases in member sentiment due to questions about (a) the quality of our member data practices or concerns related to privacy and the sharing of member data (b) the quality or usefulness of our products or concerns related to safety, security, well-being or other factors, including our implementation and use of artificial intelligence or (c) the countries in which our apps are available (for example, sanctioned countries);

•members are no longer willing to pay (or pay as much) for subscriptions or in-app purchases, including due to changes to the payment platform or payment methods;

•members have difficulty installing, updating or otherwise accessing our products on mobile devices as a result of actions by us or third parties, such as application marketplaces and device manufacturers, that we rely on to distribute our products and deliver our services;

•we fail to introduce new features, products or services that members find engaging or if we introduce new products or services, or make changes to existing products and services, that are not favorably received, including artificial intelligence-driven changes;

•we fail to keep pace with evolving online, market and industry trends (including the introduction of new and enhanced digital services and technologies);

•we fail to appeal to and engage the younger demographic of members (for example, Gen Z), with their different dynamics of connection, or discrete demographics such as specific ethnicities;

•initiatives designed to attract and retain members and engagement are unsuccessful or discontinued, whether as a result of actions by us, third parties or otherwise;

•we determine to decrease development for, or shut down entirely, an app;

•there is a decrease in member retention as a result of members finding meaningful relationships on our platforms and no longer needing to engage with our products;

•there is a decrease in member retention as a result of a perceived or actual lack of a sufficient number of members in a given market to potentially match with;

•third-party initiatives that may enable greater use of our products, including low-cost or discounted data plans, are discontinued;

•we adopt terms, policies or procedures related to areas such as member data or advertising that are perceived negatively by our members or the general public; we fail to combat inappropriate or abusive activity on our platform;

•members, particularly women, do not perceive our products as being safer than other competitive products or services;

•we fail to provide adequate customer service to members, marketers or other partners;

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•we fail to protect our brand, brand image or reputation;

•we, our partners or companies in our industry are the subject of adverse media reports or other negative publicity, including as a result of our or their user data practices;

•technical or other problems prevent us from delivering our products in a rapid and reliable manner or otherwise affect the member experience, such as security breaches, distributed denial-of-service attacks or failure to prevent or limit spam or similar content;

•there is decreased engagement with our products as a result of internet shutdowns or other actions by governments that affect the accessibility of our products in any of our markets;

•there is decreased engagement with our products, or failure to accept our terms of service, as part of changes that we have implemented, or may implement, in the future in connection with regulations, regulatory actions or otherwise;

•there is decreased engagement due to the expansion of one of our apps into new markets which cannibalizes any of our other apps that historically operated in such markets;

•there is decreased engagement with our products as a result of changes in prevailing social, cultural or political preferences in the markets where we operate; or

•there are changes mandated by legislation, regulatory authorities or litigation that adversely affect our products or members.

From time to time, certain of these factors have negatively affected member retention, growth, and engagement to varying degrees. In addition, we may not experience rapid member growth or engagement in countries where, even though mobile device penetration is high, due to the lack of sufficient cellular based data networks, consumers rely heavily on Wi-Fi and may not access our products regularly throughout the day. Any decrease in member retention, growth or engagement could render our products less attractive to members, which is likely to have a material adverse impact on our revenue, business, financial condition and results of operations. If our member growth rate slows or declines, we will become increasingly dependent on our ability to maintain or increase levels of member engagement and monetization in order to drive revenue growth.

The dating industry is highly competitive, with low switching costs and a consistent stream of new products and entrants, and innovation by our competitors, such as the use of artificial intelligence, may disrupt our business.

The dating industry is highly competitive. Costs for consumers to switch between products are low, and consumers have a propensity to try new approaches to connecting with people and to use multiple dating products at the same time. As a result, new products, entrants and business models are likely to continue to emerge. It is possible that a new product or service could gain rapid scale at the expense of existing brands through harnessing a new technology (such as artificial intelligence), or a new or existing distribution channel, creating a new or different approach to connecting people or some other means.

In addition, some of our competitors may enjoy better competitive positions. Potential competitors include larger companies that could devote greater resources to the promotion or marketing of their products and services, take advantage of acquisition or other opportunities more readily or develop and expand their products and services more quickly than we do. Potential competitors also include established social media companies that may develop products, features, or services that may compete with ours or operators of mobile operating systems and app stores. For example, Facebook has maintained a dating feature on its platform in various markets around the globe. These social media and mobile platform competitors could use strong or dominant positions in one or more markets, and ready access to existing large pools of potential users and personal information regarding those users, to gain competitive advantages over us. These may include offering different product features, services or pricing models that users may prefer or offering their products and services to users at no charge, which may enable them to acquire and engage users at the expense of our member growth or engagement.

If we are not able to compete effectively against our current or future competitors and products that may emerge, the size and level of engagement of our member base may decrease, which could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Distribution and marketing of, and access to, our products depends, in significant part, on a variety of third-party publishers and platforms. If these third parties limit, prohibit or otherwise interfere with or change the terms of the distribution, use or marketing of our products in any material way, it could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We market and distribute our products (including related mobile applications) through a variety of third-party publishers and distribution channels. Our ability to market our brands on any given property or channel is subject to the policies of the relevant third party. There is no guarantee that popular mobile platforms will continue to feature our products. We are dependent on the interoperability of our products with popular mobile operating systems, networks, technologies, products, and standards that we do not control, such as the Android and iOS operating systems. Any changes, bugs, or technical issues in such systems, or changes in our relationships with mobile operating system partners, handset manufacturers, or mobile carriers, or in their terms of service or policies that degrade our products’ functionality, reduce or eliminate our ability to update or distribute our products, give preferential treatment

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to competitive products (including their own dating products), or charge fees related to the distribution of our products or our delivery of ads could materially adversely affect the usage of our products on mobile devices.

We also rely on large tech platforms for targeted advertisement and performance marketing. In 2022, Google announced a multi-year initiative with the goal of strengthening privacy on Android, which may include the abolishment of Advertising IDs (Google's unique user IDs for advertising) and limitations on sharing user data with third parties. In the event that our ability to accurately target, track and measure our advertising campaigns at the member level becomes more limited due to such large tech platforms’ policy changes or regulatory changes, or we are no longer able to conduct targeted advertisement and performance marketing through such platforms because of increased costs of advertising on these platforms, or we choose not to conduct targeted advertisement and performance marketing through such platforms due to, for example, brand safety concerns, our member acquisition and revenue stream may be materially adversely affected.

There is no assurance that we will not be limited or prohibited from using certain current or prospective marketing channels in the future. If this were to happen in the case of a significant marketing channel and/or for a significant period of time, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially adversely affected. For example, President Trump has issued a series of executive orders relating to the TikTok platform and U.S. national security law that have, to date, delayed enforcement of a ban of TikTok in the United States. Historically, we have used TikTok as an important marketing and member acquisition channel, and any future executive action, statutory enforcement, legislative change, regulatory restriction or judicial interpretation that limits TikTok’s operation, data use, advertising capabilities or user base in the United States could materially negatively impact our marketing performance, member registration volume and efficiency and member engagement. If we lose access to any of our large marketing channels, such as TikTok, even for a few hours, or if we are unable to shift to alternative marketing channels effectively and/or in a timely manner, we may not be able to reach as many audiences and our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially adversely affected. Furthermore, certain publishers and channels have, from time to time, limited or prohibited advertisements for dating products for a variety of reasons, including as a result of poor behavior by other industry participants.

Finally, many members historically registered for (and logged into) our applications using methods such as their Apple IDs. While we have other methods that allow members to register for (and log into) our products, no assurances can be provided that members will use these other methods. Platforms such as Apple have broad discretion to change their terms and conditions in ways that could limit, eliminate or otherwise interfere with our ability to use them as a registration method or to allow them to use such data to gain a competitive advantage. Such changes in terms and conditions could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. Additionally, if security on any of such platforms is compromised, if our members are locked out from their accounts on any of such platforms, or if any of such platforms experiences an outage, our members may be unable to log into our products. As a result, member growth and engagement on our service could be materially adversely affected, even if for a temporary period.

Access to our products depends on mobile app stores and other third parties such as data center service providers, as well as third-party cloud infrastructure and service providers, payment aggregators, computer systems, internet transit providers and other communications systems and service providers, and such third-parties may take actions that limit, prohibit or eliminate our ability to distribute or update our applications, or increase the costs to do so.

Our products depend on mobile app stores and other third parties such as data center service providers, as well as third-party cloud infrastructure and service providers, payment aggregators, computer systems, internet transit providers and other communications systems and service providers. Our mobile applications are almost exclusively accessed through and depend on the Apple App Store and the Google Play Store. While our mobile applications are generally free to download from these stores, we offer our members the opportunity to purchase subscriptions and certain à la carte features through these applications. We determine the prices at which these subscriptions and features are sold, subject to approval by Apple or Google, as relevant. Purchases of these subscriptions and features via our mobile applications are mainly processed through the in-app payment systems provided by Apple and Google. We pay Apple and Google, as applicable, a meaningful share (up to an equivalent of 30%) of the revenue we receive from transactions processed through in-app payment systems (Google reduced its in-app purchase fees for subscription payments to 15% as of January 1, 2022 and, in January 2025, we opted into Apple's EU terms which restructure our payments to Apple into a combination of in-app purchase fees and first install fees for some of our brands). If the Apple App Store or the Google Play Store were to experience an outage, or if either decided to exit a market, many of our members may be unable to access our apps, which could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Furthermore, both Apple and Google have broad discretion to make changes to their operating systems or payment services or change the manner in which their mobile operating systems function and their respective terms and conditions applicable to the distribution of our applications, including the amount of, and requirement to pay, certain fees associated with purchases required to be facilitated by Apple and Google through our applications, and to interpret their respective terms and conditions in ways that may limit, eliminate or otherwise interfere with our products, our ability to distribute our applications through their stores, our ability to update our applications, including to make bug fixes or other feature updates or upgrades, the features we provide, the manner in which we market our in-app products, our ability to access native functionality or other aspects of mobile devices, and our ability to access information about our members that they collect. To the extent either or both of them do so, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially adversely affected. For example, pursuant to Google’s policy whereby only Google Play’s in-

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app billing system could be used for transactions in its store, we were mandated to stop the provision of non-native payment options to our members on Android during 2021, which caused disruptions for members and led to a decline in paying users. Following industry pushback, country-specific regulations and court orders, Google has since introduced in certain markets the option for developers to offer users an alternative to Google Play’s billing system. Similarly, Apple has introduced country-specific billing policies following industry pushback, country-specific regulations and court orders. We actively explore billing options on a country-by-country basis. However, as these options may evolve following subsequent regulatory mandates or organically at Google’s or Apple’s behest, we need to be ready to continuously adapt to such changes. We devote resources and time in creating and managing separate app bundles for each country in which we want to offer alternative billing options, which could become burdensome, and/or we could become subject to higher commissions by major app store operators overall, which, in turn, could negatively affect our revenue margin. Furthermore, changes to billing options may cause a disruption to the member journey, which could cause a decrease in paying user conversion rates. Alternatively, choosing not to explore the various billing options could present a risk of missed opportunity. Any of the foregoing could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Our future success depends on the continuing efforts of our key employees and our ability to attract and retain highly skilled personnel and senior management and maintain our culture, including as a result of our restructuring.

We depend on the continued services and performance of our key personnel. If one or more of our executive officers or key employees were unable or unwilling to continue their employment with us, we might not be able to replace them easily, in a timely manner, or at all.

During 2025, we experienced significant changes in senior management and reduced our global workforce by approximately 30%. The loss of key personnel, including members of senior management and key employees in engineering, product development, and marketing, together with our workforce reductions (and any potential future reductions), could disrupt our operations and negatively impact our ability to attract, retain, and motivate employees, and have a material adverse effect on our business. These transitions may also require adjustments to compensation programs, create challenges for succession planning, and place increased pressure on remaining employees. Such impacts could adversely affect our internal control environment, distract employees and management, divert attention from ongoing business activities and strategic objectives, result in significant expenses related to the transition and severance payments, negatively affect employee morale, and damage our company culture. There can be no assurance that our key personnel will remain with us, that the costs associated with retaining current key personnel and hiring new key personnel will be favorable or acceptable to us, that new key personnel will be as successful as their predecessors, or that, generally, our restructuring efforts will generate their intended benefits to the extent or as quickly as anticipated.

Our future success will depend on our ability to identify, hire, develop, motivate, and retain highly skilled talent across the globe, with the contributions of our senior management remaining especially critical. We operate in a highly competitive labor market, and we may at times be unable to fill key roles in certain geographic areas or may be required to incur higher labor costs to do so. As our brands continue to grow and gain visibility, competition for talent—including from well-capitalized technology, social media, and consumer internet companies—has intensified, increasing the risk that our employees may be recruited by other employers. Although we have programs designed to attract and retain employees, including senior leadership, we cannot guarantee that these efforts will be successful.

As we continue to mature, the effectiveness of our equity awards and other compensation arrangements in attracting, retaining, and motivating employees may decline, particularly during periods of stock price volatility or when our stock underperforms relative to peers, which can reduce the retention value of share-based awards and affect the competitiveness of our compensation. Issuing significant equity to attract or retain employees would increase our share-based compensation and tax expense and dilute the ownership of existing stockholders, and if we shift the mix of incentive compensation in favor of cash-based awards over equity-based awards, our cash compensation expense would increase. In addition, emerging state and federal laws and regulations limiting the enforceability of non-competition, non-solicitation, confidentiality, and similar restrictive covenants may make it more difficult to retain key personnel, and the unpredictable enforcement of immigration laws and availability of work visas over the past year has made it more difficult to hire certain skilled personnel.

Additionally, if we fail to effectively manage our hiring needs and successfully integrate our new hires, or if we fail to effectively manage remote work arrangements, our efficiency and ability to meet our forecasts, our ability to foster the innovation, creativity and teamwork we believe we need to support our operations and our ability to maintain our culture, employee morale, productivity and retention could suffer, and our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially adversely affected. Employee retention could also suffer if the company discontinued or curtailed its policy of allowing remote work arrangements.

Finally, effective succession planning is also important to our future success. If we fail to ensure the effective transfer of senior management knowledge and smooth transitions involving senior management across our businesses, our ability to execute on our short- and long-term strategic, financial, and operational goals could be impaired, which may materially adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

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If we are not able to maintain the value and reputation of our brands, our ability to expand our base of members may be impaired, and our business and financial results may be harmed.

We believe that our brands have significantly contributed to the success of our business. We also believe that maintaining, protecting and enhancing the reputation of our brands is critical to expanding our base of members and, if we fail to do so, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially adversely affected. We believe that the importance of brand recognition will continue to increase, given the growing number of online dating and social connection sites and applications, or “apps,” and the low barriers to entry for companies offering online dating, social connection and other types of personal services. Many of our new members are referred by existing members. Maintaining the reputation of our brands will depend largely on our ability to continue to provide useful, reliable, trustworthy and innovative products, which we may not do successfully.

Further, we may experience media, legislative, or regulatory scrutiny of our actions or decisions regarding member privacy, encryption, content, advertising and other issues, which may materially adversely affect the value and reputation of our brands. In addition, we may fail to respond expeditiously or appropriately to objectionable practices by members, or to otherwise address member concerns, which could erode confidence in our brands. Maintaining and enhancing the reputation of our brands will require us to make substantial investments in our brands and these investments may not be successful.

Changes to our existing brands and products, or the introduction or acquisition of new brands or products, could fail to attract or retain members or generate revenue and profits.

Our ability to retain, increase, and engage our member base and to increase our revenue depends heavily on our ability to continue to evolve our existing brands and products and to create successful new brands and products, both independently and in conjunction with developers or other third parties. We may introduce significant changes to our existing brands and products, or acquire or introduce new and unproven brands, products and product extensions, including using technologies with which we have little or no prior development or operating experience. We have also invested, and expect to continue to invest, significant resources in growing our products to support increasing usage as well as new lines of business, products, product extensions and other initiatives to generate revenue. There is no guarantee that investing in new lines of business, products, product extensions and other initiatives will succeed. If our new or enhanced brands, products or product extensions or other initiatives fail to engage members, marketers, or developers, or if our business plans are unsuccessful, we may fail to attract or retain members or to generate sufficient revenue, operating margin, or other value to justify our investments, and our business may be materially adversely affected. New products may provide temporary increases in engagement, but this may ultimately fail to attract and retain members such that they may not produce the long-term benefits that we expect.

We operate in various international markets, including certain markets in which we have limited experience, and some of our brands continue to seek to increase their international scope. As a result, we face additional risks in connection with certain of our international operations.

Our apps are available in many different languages, all over the world. Operating internationally, particularly in countries in which we have limited experience, exposes us to a number of additional risks, including:

•operational and compliance challenges caused by distance, language and cultural differences;

•difficulties in staffing and managing international operations;

•differing levels of social and technological acceptance of our products or lack of acceptance of them generally;

•foreign currency fluctuations;

•restrictions on the transfer of funds among countries and back to the United States, as well as costs associated with repatriating funds to the United States;

•differing and potentially adverse tax laws as well as other tax-related initiatives, such as the imposition of U.S. tariffs and any resulting trade war;

•multiple, conflicting and changing laws, rules, regulations and enforcement practices (including those intended to strengthen a government's control over the internet and to reduce its dependence on foreign companies and countries), particularly in the case of intellectual property, privacy, data security, intermediary liability and consumer protection, and difficulties understanding and ensuring compliance with those laws by both our employees and our business partners, over whom we exert no control;

•challenges in working with local law enforcement for safety matters;

•actions by governments or others to restrict access to or censor content on our platform, whether these actions are taken for political reasons, in response to decisions we make regarding governmental requests or content generated by our members, or otherwise – in some jurisdictions, regulators or courts have the authority to restrict, throttle, or block access to online services for non-compliance with local laws or court orders;

•competitive environments that favor local businesses;

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•increased competition from largely regional websites, mobile applications and services that provide real-time communications and have strong positions in particular countries, which have expanded and may continue to expand their geographic footprint;

•limitations on the levels of intellectual property protection;

•low usage and/or penetration of internet-connected consumer electronic devices or a wide diversity of device capabilities and operating systems (for example, some countries may have a high penetration of older phones running on older versions of operating systems that are not adequately supported by our updated software);

•geopolitical tension (such as the conflicts in Eastern Europe or the Middle East and threatened or actual shifts in global alliances) or social unrest and economic instability, particularly in countries in which we operate;

•trade sanctions such as those administered by the U.S. Office of Foreign Assets Control, that restrict our dealings with certain sanctioned countries, territories, individuals and entities – these laws and regulations are complex, frequently changing, and increasing in number, and may impose additional prohibitions or compliance obligations on our dealings in certain countries and territories;

•political unrest, terrorism, war, health and safety epidemics or the threat of any of these events;

•advisories by the U.S. or other governments regarding usage of our apps in other countries;

•breaches or violation of any anti-corruption laws, rules or regulations applicable to our business, including but not limited to the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977, as amended; and

•any failure to comply with any demand by enforcement authorities to access our member data, which could lead to our inability to operate in such country or other punitive acts.

The occurrence or impact of any or all of the events described above could materially adversely affect our international operations, limit member access or adversely affect growth in certain jurisdictions, which could in turn materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Our growth and profitability rely, in part, on our ability to attract and retain members through cost-effective marketing efforts, including through our social media presence and use of sponsorships, brand ambassadors, spokespersons and social media influencers. Any failure in these efforts could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Attracting and retaining members for our products involves strategic expenditures for online and offline marketing. Our marketing expenditures have varied over time based on strategic priorities, market conditions and the availability of efficient member acquisition opportunities. Evolving consumer behavior can affect the availability of profitable marketing opportunities. For example, as consumers communicate more via messaging apps and other virtual means, to continue to reach potential members and grow our businesses, we may need to identify and devote a greater portion of our marketing expenditures to newer advertising channels, such as mobile and online video platforms, as well as targeted campaigns in which we communicate directly with potential, former and current members via new virtual means. Generally, the opportunities in and sophistication of newer advertising channels are relatively undeveloped and unproven, and there can be no assurance that we will be able to continue to appropriately manage and fine-tune our marketing efforts in response to these and other trends in the advertising industry. Any failure to do so could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

In addition, from time to time, we use the success stories of our members, and utilize sponsorships, Bumble app brand ambassadors, spokespersons and social media influencers, including in some cases celebrities, in our advertising and marketing programs to communicate on a personal level with consumers. If these individuals act in a way that is contrary to our women-first mission or that harms their personal reputation or image, or if they stop using our services and products, it could have an adverse impact on the advertising and marketing campaigns in which they are featured and on our brand. We and our brand ambassadors, spokespersons and social media influencers also use social media channels as a means of communicating with consumers. Unauthorized or inappropriate use of these channels could result in harmful publicity or negative member experiences, which could have an adverse impact on the effectiveness of our marketing in these channels. In addition, substantial negative commentary by others on social media platforms could have an adverse impact on our reputation and ability to attract and retain members. If our advertising and marketing campaigns do not generate a sufficient number of members, our business, financial condition and results of operations will be materially adversely affected.

We are subject to certain risks as a mission-based company.

The mission of Bumble app is a significant part of our business strategy and who we are as a company. We believe that Bumble app members value our commitment to our mission. However, because we hold ourselves to such high standards, and because we believe our members have come to have high expectations of us, we may be more severely affected by negative reports or publicity if we fail, or are perceived to have failed, to live up to Bumble app’s mission. For example, providing a safe online community for members to build new relationships and to empower women is central to Bumble app’s mission. As a result, our brands and reputation may be

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negatively affected by the actions of members that are deemed to be hostile or inappropriate to other members or disempowering to women or by the actions of members acting under false or inauthentic identities. Similarly, any negative publicity about activity in the business that is perceived to be disempowering to women would negatively affect our brands and reputation. If any of our employees were to engage in or be accused of misconduct, or if we were to fail to properly address misconduct, particularly behavior or actions that are inconsistent with our mission-driven culture, we could be exposed to regulatory scrutiny or legal liability, and our business and reputation could be materially adversely affected. The damage to our reputation may be greater than other companies that do not have similar values as us, and it may take us longer to recover from such an incident and gain back the trust of our members.

In addition, we may make decisions regarding our business and products in accordance with Bumble app’s mission and values that may reduce our short- or medium-term operating results if we believe those decisions are consistent with the mission and will improve the aggregate member experience. Although we expect that our commitment to Bumble app’s mission will, accordingly, improve our financial performance over the long term, these decisions may not be consistent with the expectations of investors and any longer-term benefits may not materialize within the time frame we expect or at all, which could harm our business, revenue and financial results.

Finally, we have in the past and may in the future be subjected to litigation by those that disagree with aspects of Bumble app’s mission or features of our platform that we have developed in support of our mission.

Inappropriate actions by certain of our members could be attributed to us and damage our brands’ reputations, which in turn could materially adversely affect our business.

Members of our products have been, and may in the future be, physically, financially, emotionally or otherwise harmed by other member-individuals that such members have met or may meet through the use of one of our products. When one or more of our members suffers or alleges to have suffered any such harm either on our platform or in person after meeting on our products, we have in the past, and could in the future, experience negative publicity or legal action that could damage our brands and our brands’ reputation. Similar events affecting users of our competitors’ products have resulted in the past, and could result in the future, in negative publicity for the dating industry generally, which could in turn negatively affect our business, particularly if such objectionable events are widely reported.

In addition, the reputations of our brands may be materially adversely affected by the actions of our members that are deemed to be hostile, offensive, defamatory, inappropriate or unlawful. Furthermore, members have in the past and may in the future use our products for illegal or harmful purposes rather than for their intended purposes, such as romance scams, promotion of false or inaccurate information, financial fraud, drug trafficking, sex-trafficking, and recruitment to terrorist groups. While we have systems and processes in place that aim to monitor and review the appropriateness of the content accessible through our products, which include, in particular, reporting tools through which members can inform us of such behavior on the platform, and have adopted policies regarding illegal, offensive or inappropriate use of our products, our members have in the past, and could in the future, nonetheless engage in activities that violate our policies, and/or the systems and processes that we have in place to monitor and review the appropriateness of content may fail. Additionally, while our policies attempt to address illegal, offensive or inappropriate use of our products, we cannot control how our users engage if and when they meet in person after meeting on our products. These safeguards may not be sufficient to avoid harm to our reputation and brands, especially if such hostile, offensive or inappropriate use is well-publicized. Furthermore, to the extent that our members, particularly women, do not feel safe using our products, our reputation and Bumble app's “women-first” brand would be negatively affected, which may in turn materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Spam and fake accounts could diminish the experience on our platform, which could damage our reputation and deter people from using our products and services.

Our terms and conditions of use prohibit “spam” content, which refers to a range of abusive activities that is generally defined as unsolicited, repeated actions that negatively impact other people with the general goal of drawing attention to a given account, site, product or idea. Our terms and conditions of use also prohibit the creation of fake accounts. In addition, we continuously combat spam and fake accounts, including by suspending or terminating accounts we believe to be spammers and launching algorithmic changes focused on detecting and curbing abusive activities. However, our actions to combat spam and fake accounts require significant resources and time. Although we continue to invest resources to reduce spam and fake accounts on our platform, we expect that spammers will continue to seek ways to act inappropriately on our platform. If spam and fake accounts increase on our platform, this could hurt our reputation, result in legal liability or continuing operational cost to us and deter people from using our products and services.

Our member metrics and other estimates are subject to inherent challenges in measurement, and real or perceived inaccuracies in those metrics may seriously harm and negatively affect our reputation and our business.

We regularly review metrics, including our Bumble App Paying Users, Badoo App and Other Paying Users, Total Paying Users, Bumble App Average Revenue per Paying User, Badoo App and Other Average Revenue per Paying User and Total Average Revenue per Paying User metrics, to evaluate growth trends, measure our performance, and make strategic decisions. These metrics are calculated using internal company data gathered on an analytics platform that we developed and operate and have not been validated by an independent third party. The methodologies used to measure these metrics require significant judgment and are also susceptible to algorithm or other technical errors. While these metrics are based on what we believe to be reasonable estimates of our member

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base for the applicable period of measurement, there are inherent challenges in measuring how our products are used across large populations globally. In addition, we are continually seeking to improve our estimates of our member base, and such estimates may change due to improvements or changes in our methodology, which could result in adjustments to our historical metrics. Our ability to recalculate our historical metrics may be impacted by data limitations or other factors. Moreover, when we make an acquisition, the methodologies that were historically used by the acquired company to calculate certain metrics may be different from our methodologies in calculating those metrics, and it may take time to align the methodologies. Conversely, we may face difficulties in calculating these metrics over time in the event we determine to cease developing and/or offering an application. Our member metrics are also affected by technology on certain mobile devices that automatically runs in the background of our application when another phone function is used, and this activity can cause our system to miscount the member metrics associated with such account.

Errors or inaccuracies in our metrics or data could also result in incorrect business decisions and inefficiencies. For instance, if a significant understatement or overstatement of active members were to occur, we may expend resources to implement unnecessary business measures or fail to take required actions to attract a sufficient number of members to satisfy our growth strategies. We continually seek to address technical issues in our ability to record such data and improve our accuracy, but given the complexity of the systems involved and the rapidly changing nature of mobile devices and systems, we expect these issues to continue, particularly if we continue to expand in parts of the world where mobile data systems and connections are less stable. If partners or investors do not perceive our member, geographic, or other demographic metrics to be accurate representations of our member base, or if we discover material inaccuracies in our member, geographic, or other demographic metrics, our business, results of operations and reputation may be materially adversely impacted.

Risks Related to Information Technology Systems

Security breaches, improper access to or disclosure of our data or member data, other hacking and phishing attacks on our systems, or other cyber incidents could compromise the confidentiality and/or availability of sensitive information related to our business and/or personal data processed by us or on our behalf and expose us to liability, which could harm our reputation and materially adversely affect our business.

Our products and services and the operation of our business involve the collection, storage, processing, and transmission of data, including personal data. The information systems that store and process such data are susceptible to increasing threats of continually evolving cybersecurity risks. In particular, our industry is prone to cyber-attacks by third parties seeking unauthorized access to confidential or sensitive data, including member personal data, or to disrupt our ability to provide services, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. We face an ever-increasing number of threats to our information systems from a broad range of threat actors, including foreign governments, criminals, competitors, computer hackers, cyber terrorists and politically motivated groups or individuals, and we have previously experienced various attempts to access our information systems. These threats include physical or electronic break-ins, security breaches from inadvertent or intentional actions by our employees, contractors, consultants, and/or other third parties with otherwise legitimate access to our systems, website or facilities, or from cyber-attacks by malicious third parties, including by fraudulently inducing employees or members to disclose information, which could breach our security controls and disrupt our systems. The motivations of such actors may vary, but breaches that compromise the confidentiality, availability or integrity of our information technology systems can cause, among other things, interruptions, delays or operational malfunctions, which in turn could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition and prospects. As artificial intelligence capabilities improve and are increasingly adopted, we may also see cyber-attacks created through artificial intelligence. At any given time, we face known and unknown cybersecurity risks and threats that cannot be fully eliminated, and we discover vulnerabilities in our security efforts.

Our business and operations span numerous geographies around the world, involve hundreds of employees, contractors, vendors, developers, partners, and other third parties, and rely on software and hardware that is highly technical and complex. In addition, many of our employees work remotely and utilize network connections, computers and devices outside our premises or network, which may pose additional data security risks. The complexity of our information technology systems, including the use of legacy systems, the integration of new technologies, and the rapid evolution of our products and services, may increase our exposure to cybersecurity risks or make it more difficult to prevent, detect, remediate, or respond to cyber incidents in a timely manner. As our systems grow and change, we may incur technical debt or face challenges related to system interoperability, scalability, or modernization, which could increase the likelihood of vulnerabilities, operational disruptions, or delays in implementing security updates or other remedial measures. Efforts to upgrade, replace, or remediate such systems may be costly, time-consuming, or disruptive to our operations, and any failure to do so effectively could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

When cyber-attacks or other breaches occur, we may not be able to remedy them, we may be required by law to notify regulators and individuals whose personal information was used, accessed or disclosed without authorization, we may be subject to claims against us, including government enforcement actions or investigations, fines and litigation, and we may incur costs and expend significant capital and other resources to mitigate the impact of such events, including developing and implementing protections to prevent future events from occurring. When unauthorized use of, disclosure of or access to any of the confidential, sensitive or other personal information we collect or process occurs, the perception of the effectiveness of our security measures and our reputation may be harmed, we may lose current and potential members and the recognition of our various brands and such brands’ competitive positions may be diminished, any or all of which might materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

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See “—We must monitor and, where applicable, comply with rapidly evolving laws and regulations relating to privacy, data protection and/or artificial intelligence across jurisdictions, and the failure to do so could result in claims, changes to our business practices, monetary penalties, increased cost of operations, or declines in member growth or engagement, or otherwise harm our business.” Our efforts to protect our confidential and sensitive data, the data of our members or other personal information we receive, and to minimize undesirable activities on our platform, may be unsuccessful due to software bugs or other technical malfunctions; employee, contractor, or vendor error or malfeasance, including defects or vulnerabilities in our service providers’ information technology systems or offerings, which we may have limited ability to monitor or remedy; government surveillance; breaches of physical security of our facilities or technical infrastructure; our or our third-party vendors’ implementation or use of artificial intelligence; or other threats that may surface or evolve. Any failure to prevent or mitigate security breaches and unauthorized access to or disclosure of our data or user data, including personal information, content, or payment information from users, or information from marketers, could result in the loss, modification, disclosure, destruction, or other misuse of such data, which could subject us to legal liability, harm our business and reputation and diminish our competitive position. We may incur significant costs in protecting against or remediating such incidents and as cybersecurity incidents continue to evolve, we may be required to expend significant additional resources to continue to modify or enhance our protective measures or to investigate and remediate any information security vulnerabilities.

In addition, the risks related to a security breach or disruption, including through a distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attack, computer malware, ransomware, viruses, social engineering (predominantly spear phishing attacks), data scraping and general hacking, have become more prevalent and have generally increased as the number, intensity, and sophistication of attempted attacks and intrusions from around the world have increased and as more companies and individuals work remotely. Such security breaches or disruptions have occurred on our systems in the past and are very likely to occur on our systems in the future. We also regularly encounter attempts to create false or undesirable user accounts and advertisements or to take other actions on our platform for objectionable ends. As a result of our prominence, the size of our member base, the types and volume of personal data on our systems, and the evolving nature of our products and services (including our efforts involving new and emerging technologies), we may be a particularly attractive target for such attacks, including from highly sophisticated, state-sponsored, or otherwise well-funded actors. In order to address the increasing frequency and sophistication of such attacks and safeguard our systems, we may need to expend additional time and resources, as well as recruit people with specific expertise.

Our efforts to address undesirable activity on our platform also increase the risk of retaliatory attacks. Such breaches and attacks on us or our third-party service providers may cause interruptions to the services we provide, degrade the member experience, cause members or marketers to lose confidence and trust in our products and use our products less or stop using our products in their entirety or impair our internal systems, any of which could result in financial harm to us. Although we have developed technology and processes that are designed to protect our data and member data, to prevent data loss, to disable undesirable accounts and activities on our platform, and to prevent or detect security breaches, we cannot assure you that such measures will be successful, that we will be able to anticipate or detect all cyber-attacks or other breaches, that we will be able to react to cyber-attacks or other breaches in a timely manner, or that our remediation efforts will be successful.

While our insurance policies include cybersecurity-related liability, if we experience a significant security incident, we could be subject to liability or other damages that exceed our insurance coverage and we cannot be certain that such insurance policies will continue to be available to us on economically reasonable terms, or at all, or that any insurer will not deny coverage as to any future claim. The successful assertion of one or more large claims against us that exceed available insurance coverage, or any changes in our insurance policies, including premium increases or the imposition of larger deductibles or co-insurance requirements, could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.

If the security of personal and confidential or sensitive member information that some of our partners maintain and store is breached, or otherwise accessed by unauthorized persons, it may be costly to remediate such a breach and our reputation could be harmed.

Some of our third-party service providers may receive or store information provided by us or by our members through mobile or web applications integrated with our applications and we may use third-party service providers to store, transmit and otherwise process certain confidential, sensitive or other personal information on our behalf. If these third parties fail to adopt or adhere to adequate data security practices, to comply with applicable legislation, to transfer data with the required adequate measures for the transfer, or in the event of a breach of their networks, our data or our members’ data may be improperly accessed, used, or disclosed, which could subject us to legal liability. We cannot control such third parties and cannot guarantee that a security breach will not occur on their systems. Although we may have contractual protections with our third-party service providers, contractors and consultants, any actual or perceived security breach could harm our reputation and brand, expose us to potential liability or require us to expend significant resources on data security and in responding to any such actual or perceived breach. Contractual protections alone may not be sufficient to adequately protect us from liabilities and losses, and we may be unable to enforce any such contractual protections.

We use and intend to further use AI in our business, and challenges with properly managing its use could result in reputational harm, competitive harm, legal liability and other material adverse effects on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We use artificial intelligence technologies, machine learning, data analytics and similar tools (collectively, “AI”) in our products and services, and the integration of AI may become more important to our operations over time. For example, we have introduced AI

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capabilities to enhance our members' experience and safety, such as detecting inauthentic profiles and usage, and to improve our matching algorithm to help Bumble app members to see the most relevant potential matches. There are significant risks involved in adopting, developing, maintaining, and deploying AI, and there can be no assurance that the usage of AI will enhance our products or services or be beneficial to our business, including our efficiency or profitability. In particular, AI, including generative AI, may create inaccurate or misleading content or other unexpected results or behaviors, such as hallucinatory behavior, that can generate irrelevant, unintended, nonsensical, or factually incorrect results. Our members may rely on or use this flawed content or information to their detriment, which may expose us to brand or reputational harm, competitive harm, member complaints, legal liability, and other adverse consequences. In addition, any latency, disruption, or failure in our AI systems or infrastructure could result in delays or errors in our products and services. Such risks and adverse effects may arise notwithstanding any preventative policies or procedures that aim to restrict or govern the use of AI.

The development, maintenance and operation of AI requires additional investment in compliance, governance and the licensing or development of proprietary datasets, machine learning models, and systems to monitor and test for accuracy, bias, and other variables, which are complex and costly, and could impact our profit margin as we expand the use of AI in our products and services. The development, testing, and deployment of AI technologies also increases associated computing costs.

In addition to our proprietary technologies, we use AI licensed from third parties. Our ability to continue to adopt, integrate and use AI at the scale we may need may be dependent on access to specific third-party software and infrastructure, such as processing hardware or third-party AI models, and we cannot control the quality, availability or pricing of such third-party software and infrastructure. If any such third-party AI becomes incompatible with our products and services or unavailable for use or have degradations in performance, or if the providers of such models unfavorably change the terms on which their AI is offered or terminate their relationship with us, our solutions may become less appealing to our members. Moreover, to the extent any third-party AI is used as a vendor-hosted service, any disruption, outage, or loss of information through such hosted services could disrupt our operations, damage our reputation, cause a loss of confidence in our products and services, or result in legal claims or proceedings, for which we may be unable to recover damages from the affected provider.

Our competitors may incorporate AI into their services more quickly or more successfully than us, which could impair our ability to compete effectively. The use of AI by our service providers, counterparties and other third parties, whether or not known to us, could also expose us to risks. Certain AI technologies may also compete with, or contribute to the obsolescence of, other products and services including certain other AI technologies. Additionally, if the content or recommendations that AI applications assist in producing are or are alleged to be illegal, infringing third-party rights, deficient, inaccurate, offensive, biased, toxic or otherwise harmful, we may face reputational consequences or legal liability. AI also presents emerging ethical issues. If our use of AI becomes controversial, we may experience loss of member trust, as well as brand or reputational harm, competitive harm or legal liability. The use of AI could also expose us to further potential risks, such as an increased risk of cybersecurity threats and incidents and claims or otherwise adverse effects from infringements or violations of intellectual property (including claims related to AI technologies being considered to have similarities to other AI technologies), whether or not such risks are apparent. If the use of AI technologies increases the risk of exposure of our or others’ proprietary confidential information, or other confidential or sensitive information, to unauthorized recipients, including inadvertent disclosure of confidential or sensitive information into publicly available third-party training sets, our ability to realize the benefit of, or adequately maintain, protect and enforce our intellectual property or confidential information would be adversely impacted. We would also be further exposed to the risks and potential adverse effects associated with AI described herein where one of our service providers, or other organization connected to us, relies on AI.

AI is the subject of evolving review by various governmental and regulatory agencies around the globe, including the SEC and the FTC, and laws, rules, directives and regulations governing the use of AI are changing and evolving rapidly, such as the EU Artificial Intelligence Act (“EU AI Act”). Such regulations could have extraterritorial effect, may impose material requirements and may carry significant penalties for non-compliance. Furthermore, implementation standards, enforcement practices, and available scope of protection are likely to remain uncertain for the foreseeable future. We may not always be able to anticipate how courts and regulators will apply existing laws to AI, predict how new legal frameworks will develop to address AI, or otherwise respond to these frameworks as they are still rapidly evolving, and we may have to expend resources to adjust or audit our products and services in certain jurisdictions, especially if the legal frameworks on AI are not consistent across jurisdictions. In particular, use of personal data in foundational models and intellectual property ownership and license rights, including copyright, of generative and other AI output, have not been fully interpreted by courts or regulations. Recently there has also been increasing governmental scrutiny of the use of AI chatbots in the United States and globally. Any failure or perceived failure by us to comply with laws, rules, directives and regulations governing the use of AI could have an adverse impact on our business, and we may not be able to claim intellectual property ownership and license rights on any content or source code that we create using AI.

The rapid evolution of AI, including potential regulation, makes the risks of using AI impossible to predict, and will require the dedication of significant resources to develop, test and maintain AI, including to implement AI ethically in order to minimize unintended harmful impact. Any of the foregoing risks related to the use of AI could, whether directly or indirectly, harm our results of operations, our competitive position and wider business and materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

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We are subject to a number of risks related to payment card transactions, including data security breaches and fraud that we or third parties experience or additional regulation, any of which could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

In addition to purchases through the Apple App Store and the Google Play Store, we accept a number of direct payment options from our members, which are facilitated by online payment service providers, including credit and debit cards, mobile and internet provider billing, online wallet-based payments, bank transfers, and ticket- and voucher-based payments. The ability to access payment information on a real-time basis without having to proactively reach out to the member each time we process an auto-renewal payment or a payment for the purchase of a premium feature on any of our dating products is critical to our success and a seamless experience for our members.

When we or a third party experiences a data security breach involving payment card information, affected cardholders will often cancel their payment cards. In the case of a breach experienced by a third party, the more sizable the third party’s customer base and the greater the number of payment card accounts impacted, the more likely it is that our members would be impacted by such a breach. To the extent our members are ever affected by such a breach experienced by us or a third party, affected members would need to be contacted to obtain new payment card information and process any pending transactions. It is likely that we would not be able to reach all affected members, and even if we could, some members’ new payment card information may not be obtained and some pending transactions may not be processed, which could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We work with our payment service providers to utilize tokenization tools to replace sensitive cardholder information with a stand-in token to help secure individual cardholder bank account details in payment card transactions and to reduce the number of systems that have access to our members’ payment card information. While these tokenization tools can help limit the data security risks associated with payment card transactions, it does not eliminate those risks altogether.

Even if our members are not directly impacted by a given data security breach, they may lose confidence in the ability of service providers to protect their personal information generally, which could cause them to stop using their payment cards online and choose alternative payment methods that are not as convenient for us or restrict our ability to process payments without significant cost or member effort.

Additionally, if we fail to adequately prevent fraudulent payment card transactions, we may face litigation, fines, governmental enforcement action, civil liability, diminished public perception of our security measures, significantly higher payment card-related costs and substantial remediation costs, or refusal by payment card processors to continue to process payments on our behalf, any of which could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Finally, the passage or adoption of any legislation or regulation affecting pricing transparency or the ability of service providers to periodically charge consumers for, among other things, recurring subscription payments may materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. For example, under the Payment Services Regulation 2017, banks and other payment services providers must develop and implement strong customer authentication to check that the person requesting access to an account or trying to make a payment is permitted to do so. Such regulations have impacted and could materially adversely affect our payment authorization rate, member journey, paying user conversion rates, and could also in the future affect our payment reversal rates. Legislation or regulation regarding the foregoing, or changes to existing legislation or regulation governing subscription payments, have been enacted or are being considered globally, including in many U.S. states and by the Federal Trade Commission, as well as in certain EU countries and the UK (for example, the Digital Markets, Competition and Consumers Act 2024 in the UK, which grants new consumer enforcement powers and sets out new rules for subscription contracts, which could increase compliance costs or constrain how we offer and monetize our service). While we monitor and attempt to comply with these legal developments, we have been in the past, and may be in the future, subject to claims under such legislation or regulation.

Our success depends, in part, on the integrity of third-party systems and infrastructure and on continued and unimpeded access to our products and services on the internet.

We rely on third parties, primarily data center service providers (such as colocation providers), as well as third-party cloud infrastructure and service providers, payment aggregators, computer systems, internet transit providers, other communications systems and service providers, and system management service providers, in connection with the provision of our products generally, as well as to facilitate and process certain transactions with our members. We have no control over any of these third parties, and we cannot guarantee that such third-party providers will not experience system interruptions, outages or delays, deterioration in their performance, or cyber attacks or other cyber incidents.

Problems or insolvency experienced by third-party data center service providers (such as colocation providers), cloud infrastructure and service providers, and payment aggregators, upon whom we rely, or the telecommunications network providers with whom we or they contract, or problems with the systems through which telecommunications providers allocate capacity among their customers could also materially adversely affect us. Any changes in service levels at our data centers, cloud infrastructure and service providers, or payment aggregators, or any interruptions, outages or delays in our systems or those of our third-party providers, or deterioration in the performance of these systems, including as a result of the need to secure large quantities of electricity to power AI and the corresponding strain on their electric grids, could impair our ability to provide our products or process transactions with our members,

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which could materially adversely impact our business, financial condition and results of operations. Additionally, if we need to migrate our business to different third-party data center service providers, cloud infrastructure and service providers, or payment aggregators, as a result of any such problems or insolvency, it could delay our ability to process transactions with our members.

Global climate change could result in certain types of natural disasters occurring more frequently or with more intense effects. Any such events experienced by third-party data center service providers (such as co-location providers), cloud infrastructure and service providers, and payment aggregators may result in members being subject to service disruptions or outages and we may not be able to recover our technical infrastructure and member data in a timely manner to restart or provide our services, which may adversely affect our financial results. We also have been, and may in the future be, subject to increased energy or other costs to maintain the availability or performance of our products in connection with any such events.

We continue to migrate a portion of our computing infrastructure to third party-hosted, cloud-based computing platforms. These migrations can be risky and may cause disruptions to the availability of our products due to service outages, downtime or other unforeseen issues that could increase our costs. We also may be subject to additional risk of cybersecurity breaches or other improper access to our data or confidential information during or following migrations to cloud-based computing platforms. In addition, cloud-based computing services may operate differently than anticipated when introduced or when new versions or enhancements are released. As we increase our reliance on cloud-based computing services, our exposure to damage from service interruptions may increase. In the event any such issues arise, it may be difficult for us to switch our operations from our cloud-based computing platforms to alternative providers. Further, any such transition could involve significant time and expense and could negatively impact our ability to deliver our products and services, which could harm our financial condition and results of operations. In addition, hosting costs will increase as member engagement grows, which could harm our business if we are unable to grow our revenue faster than the cost of using these services or the services of similar providers.

In addition, we depend on the ability of our members to access the internet. Currently, this access is provided by companies that have significant market power in the broadband and internet access marketplace, including incumbent telephone companies, cable companies, mobile communications companies, government-owned service providers, device manufacturers and operating system providers, any of whom could take actions that degrade, disrupt or increase the cost of member access to our products or services, which would, in turn, negatively impact our business. The adoption or repeal of any laws or regulations that adversely affect the growth, popularity or use of the internet, including laws or practices limiting internet neutrality, could decrease the demand for, or the usage of, our products and services, increase our cost of doing business and adversely affect our results of operations.

Moreover, government-initiated internet shutdowns or internet outages due to cyber-attacks in a geographical market in which we operate could also negatively impact our business. For example, a cyber-attack by Russia targeting Ukraine and any associated internet outage may affect the performance and operation of our independent contract moderators based in Ukraine, which could, in turn, materially adversely affect our business. While we believe our exposure from the recent conflicts in Eastern Europe and the Middle East is limited, we could experience unanticipated disruptions to our business as a result of current or future regional and global conflicts, including sanctions or other laws and regulations prohibiting or limiting operations in certain jurisdictions, increased risks of potential cyber attacks, related impacts to our members, or micro- or macro-economic effects on the global economy.

Further, third-party system management service providers that we rely on could experience cyber attacks or other cyber incidents, in which case we could lose intellectual property and/or experience destruction of our infrastructure and disruption to our services, the restoration of which could take a long time. If such an incident were to occur, our reputation, business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected.

Our success depends, in part, on the integrity of our information technology systems and infrastructure and on our ability to enhance, expand and adapt these systems and infrastructure in a timely and cost-effective manner.

In order for us to succeed, our information technology systems and infrastructure must perform well on a consistent basis. Our products and systems rely on software and hardware that is highly technical and complex, and depend on the ability of such software and hardware to store, retrieve, process and manage immense amounts of data. Despite internal testing, particularly when first introduced or when new versions or enhancements are released, our software may contain serious errors or defects, security vulnerabilities, or software bugs that are difficult to detect and correct, which we may be unable to successfully correct in a timely manner or at all. This could result in lost revenue, significant expenditures of capital, a delay or loss in market acceptance, and damage to our reputation and brands.

We have in the past experienced, and we may from time to time in the future experience, system interruptions that make some or all of our systems or data temporarily unavailable and prevent our products from functioning properly for our members; any such interruption could arise for any number of reasons, including human errors and as a result of our workforce reductions and related reorganizations over the last couple of years. Further, our systems and infrastructure are vulnerable to damage from fire, power loss, hardware errors, cyber-attacks, computer viruses, software bugs, technical limitations, telecommunications failures, acts of God and similar events. While we have backup systems in place for certain aspects of our operations, not all of our systems and infrastructure are fully redundant. Disaster recovery planning can never account for all possible eventualities and our property and business interruption insurance coverage may not be adequate to compensate us fully for any losses that we may suffer. Any interruptions or outages, regardless of the cause, could negatively impact our members’ experiences with our products, tarnish our brands’ reputations

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and decrease demand for our products, any or all of which could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. Moreover, even if detected, the resolution of such interruptions may take a long time, during which members may not be able to access, or may have limited access to, the service. See “—Security breaches, improper access to or disclosure of our data or member data, other hacking and phishing attacks on our systems, or other cyber incidents could compromise the confidentiality and/or availability of sensitive information related to our business and/or personal data processed by us or on our behalf and expose us to liability, which could harm our reputation and materially adversely affect our business.”

We also continually work to update and enhance our software and systems and expand the efficiency and scalability of our technology and network systems to improve the experience of our members, accommodate substantial increases in the volume of traffic to our various products, ensure acceptable load times for our products and keep up with changes in technology and member preferences, as well as to respond to regulatory changes and evolving security risks and industry standards. Implementation of changes in our technology may cost more or take longer than originally expected and may require more testing than initially anticipated. Furthermore, our future success will depend on our ability to adapt to emerging technologies such as tokenization, new authentication technologies, such as blockchain technologies, AI, virtual and augmented reality, and cloud technologies. Any failure to update and enhance our technology, or to adapt to emerging technologies, in a timely and cost-effective manner could materially adversely affect our members’ experience with our various products and thereby negatively impact the demand for our products, and could increase our costs, either of which could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Risks Related to Intellectual Property

If we are unable to obtain, maintain, protect and enforce intellectual property rights and successfully defend against claims of infringement, misappropriation or other violations of third-party intellectual property, it could materially adversely impact our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Our commercial success depends in part on avoiding infringement, misappropriation or other violations of the intellectual property rights of third parties. However, we may become party to disputes from time to time over rights and obligations concerning intellectual property held by third parties, and we may not prevail in these disputes. Companies in the internet, technology and social media industries are subject to frequent litigation based on allegations of infringement, misappropriation or other violations of intellectual property rights. Many companies in these industries have substantially larger intellectual property portfolios than we do, which could make us a target for litigation as we may not be able to assert counterclaims against parties that sue us for infringement, misappropriation or other violations of patent or other intellectual property rights. In addition, various “non-practicing entities” that own patents and other intellectual property rights often attempt to assert claims in order to extract value from technology companies and, given that these patent holding companies or other adverse intellectual property rights holders typically have no relevant product revenue, our own issued or pending patents and other intellectual property rights may provide little or no deterrence to these rights holders in bringing intellectual property rights claims against us. Further, from time to time we may introduce new products, product features and services, including in areas where we currently do not have an offering, which could increase our exposure to patent and other intellectual property claims from competitors and non-practicing entities There may be intellectual property or other rights held by others, including issued or pending patents, that cover significant aspects of our products and services, and we cannot be sure that we are not infringing or violating, and have not infringed or violated, any third-party intellectual property rights or that we will not be held to have done so or be accused of doing so in the future. In addition, some of our agreements with third-party partners require us to indemnify them for certain intellectual property claims against them, which could require us to incur considerable costs in defending such claims, and may require us to pay significant damages in the event of an adverse ruling. Such third-party partners may also discontinue their relationships with us as a result of injunctions or otherwise, which could result in loss of revenue and adversely impact our business operations.

Although we try to ensure that our employees and consultants do not use the proprietary information or know-how of others without the relevant licenses or permissions in their work for us, we may be subject to claims that we or our employees or consultants have inadvertently or otherwise used or disclosed intellectual property, including inventions, trade secrets, software code or other proprietary information, of a former employer or other third parties. Litigation may be necessary to defend against these claims and if we fail in defending any such claims, in addition to paying monetary damages, we may lose valuable intellectual property rights or personnel.

Any claim or litigation alleging that we have infringed or otherwise violated intellectual property or other rights of third parties, with or without merit, and whether or not settled out of court or determined in our favor, could be time-consuming and costly to address and resolve, and could divert the time and attention of our management and technical personnel. Some of our competitors have substantially greater resources than we do and are able to sustain the costs of complex intellectual property litigation to a greater degree and for longer periods of time than we could. The outcome of any litigation is inherently uncertain, and there can be no assurances that favorable final outcomes will be obtained in all cases. In addition, third parties may seek, and we may become subject to, preliminary or provisional rulings in the course of any such litigation, including potential preliminary injunctions requiring us to cease some or all of our operations. We may decide to settle such lawsuits and disputes on terms that are unfavorable to us. Similarly, if any litigation to which we are a party is resolved adversely, we may be subject to an unfavorable judgment that may not be reversed upon appeal, including being subject to a permanent injunction and being required to pay substantial monetary damages, such as treble damages and attorneys’ fees, if we are found to have willfully infringed a party’s intellectual property rights. The terms of such a

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settlement or judgment may require us to cease some or all of our operations or pay substantial amounts to the other party. In addition, we may have to seek a license to continue practices found to be in violation of a third-party’s rights. If we are required, or choose to enter into royalty or licensing arrangements, such arrangements may not be available on reasonable terms, or at all, and may significantly increase our operating costs and expenses. Such arrangements may also only be available on a non-exclusive basis such that third parties, including our competitors, could have access to the same licensed technology to compete with us. As a result, we may also be required to develop or procure alternative non-infringing technology, which could require significant effort, time and expense, or discontinue use of the technology. There also can be no assurance that we would be able to develop or license suitable alternative technology to permit us to continue offering the affected products or services. If we cannot develop or license alternative technology for any allegedly infringing aspect of our business, we would be forced to limit our products and services and may be unable to compete effectively. Furthermore, because of the substantial amount of discovery required in connection with intellectual property litigation, there is a risk that some of our confidential information could be compromised by disclosure during this type of litigation. Any of the foregoing, and any unfavorable resolution of such disputes and litigation, would materially adversely impact our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We may fail to adequately obtain, protect and maintain our intellectual property rights or prevent third parties from making unauthorized use of such rights.

Our intellectual property is a material asset of our business and our success depends in part on our ability to protect our proprietary rights and intellectual property. For example, we rely heavily upon our trademarks, designs, copyrights, related domain names, social media handles and logos to market our brands and to build and maintain brand loyalty and recognition. We also rely upon patents, proprietary technologies and trade secrets, as well as a combination of laws, and contractual restrictions, including confidentiality agreements with employees, customers, suppliers, affiliates and others, to establish, protect and enforce our various intellectual property rights. For example, we have generally registered and continue to apply to register and renew, or secure by contract where appropriate, trademarks and service marks as they are developed and used, and reserve, register and renew domain names and social media handles as we deem appropriate. If our trademarks and trade names are not adequately protected, then we may not be able to build and maintain name recognition in our markets of interest and our business may be adversely affected. Effective trademark protection may not be available or may not be sought in every country in which our products are made available, in every class of goods and services in which we operate, and contractual disputes may affect the use of marks governed by private contract. Our registered or unregistered trademarks or trade names may be challenged, infringed, circumvented or declared generic or determined to be infringing on other marks. For example, third parties have challenged our “BUMBLE” trademarks in the past, and if such types of challenges are successful, we could lose valuable trademark rights.

Further, at times, competitors may adopt trade names or trademarks similar to ours, thereby impeding our ability to build brand identity and possibly leading to market confusion. Similarly, not every variation of a domain name or social media handle may be available or be registered by us, even if available. The occurrence of any of these events could result in the erosion of our brands and limit our ability to market our brands using our various domain names and social media handles, as well as impede our ability to effectively compete against competitors with similar technologies or products, any of which could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We cannot guarantee that our efforts to obtain and maintain intellectual property rights are adequate, or that we have secured, or will be able to secure, appropriate permissions or protections for all of the intellectual property rights we use or rely on. Furthermore, even if we are able to obtain intellectual property rights, any challenge to our intellectual property rights could result in them being narrowed in scope or declared invalid or unenforceable. In addition, other parties may also independently develop technologies that are substantially similar or superior to ours and we may not be able to stop such parties from using such independently developed technologies and from competing with us.

We also rely upon unpatented proprietary information and other trade secrets to protect intellectual property that may not be registrable, or that we believe is best protected by means that do not require public disclosure. While it is our policy to enter into confidentiality agreements with employees and third parties to protect our proprietary expertise and other trade secrets, we cannot guarantee that we have entered into such agreements with each party that has or may have had access to our proprietary information or trade secrets and, even if entered into, these agreements may otherwise fail to effectively prevent disclosure of proprietary information, may be limited as to their term and may not provide an adequate remedy in the event of unauthorized disclosure or use of proprietary information. Monitoring unauthorized uses and disclosures is difficult, and we do not know whether the steps we have taken to protect our proprietary technologies will be effective. Enforcing a claim that a party illegally disclosed or misappropriated a trade secret can be difficult, expensive and time-consuming, and the outcome is unpredictable. Some courts inside and outside the United States are less willing or unwilling to protect trade secrets. In addition, trade secrets may be independently developed by others in a manner that could prevent legal recourse by us. If any of our confidential or proprietary information, such as our trade secrets, were to be disclosed or misappropriated, or if any such information was independently developed by a competitor, our competitive position would be materially adversely harmed.

Further, while it is our policy to require our employees and contractors who may be involved in the conception or development of intellectual property to execute agreements assigning such intellectual property to us, we may be unsuccessful in executing such an agreement with each party who, in fact, conceives or develops intellectual property that we regard as our own. Additionally, any such

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assignment of intellectual property rights may not be self-executing, or the assignment agreements may be breached, and we may be forced to bring claims against third parties, or defend claims that they may bring against us, to determine the ownership of what we regard as our intellectual property.

Our intellectual property rights and the enforcement or defense of such rights may be affected by developments or uncertainty in laws and regulations relating to intellectual property rights. Moreover, many companies have encountered significant problems in protecting and defending intellectual property rights in foreign jurisdictions. The legal systems of certain countries, particularly certain developing countries, do not favor the enforcement of patents, trade secrets and other intellectual property protection, which could make it difficult for us to stop the infringement, misappropriation or other violation of our intellectual property or marketing of competing products in violation of our intellectual property rights generally.

We also may be forced to bring claims against third parties to determine the ownership of what we regard as our intellectual property or to enforce our intellectual property against its infringement, misappropriation or other violations by third parties. However, we may not prevail in any intellectual property-related proceedings that we initiate against third parties. Further, in such proceedings or in proceedings before patent, trademark and copyright agencies, our asserted intellectual property could be found to be invalid or unenforceable, in which case we could lose valuable intellectual property rights. In addition, even if we are successful in enforcing our intellectual property against third parties, the damages or other remedies awarded, if any, may not be commercially meaningful. Regardless of whether any such proceedings are resolved in our favor, such proceedings could cause us to incur significant expenses and could distract our personnel from their normal responsibilities. Accordingly, our efforts to enforce our intellectual property rights around the world may be inadequate to obtain a significant commercial advantage from the intellectual property that we develop or license.

Despite the measures we take to protect our intellectual property rights, our intellectual property rights may still not be adequate and protected in a meaningful manner, challenges to contractual rights could arise, third parties could copy or otherwise obtain and use our intellectual property without authorization, or laws and interpretations of laws regarding the enforceability of existing intellectual property rights may change over time in a manner that provides less protection. The occurrence of any of these events could impede our ability to effectively compete against competitors with similar technologies, any of which could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Our use of “open source” software could subject our proprietary software to general release, adversely affect our ability to sell our products and services and subject us to possible litigation, and third parties may utilize technology that we developed and made available via open source for improper purposes.

We use open source software in connection with a portion of our proprietary software and expect to continue to use open source software in the future. Under certain circumstances, some open source licenses require users of the licensed code to provide the user’s own proprietary source code to third parties upon request, or prohibit users from charging a fee to third parties in connection with the use of the user’s proprietary code. While we try to insulate our proprietary code from the effects of such open source license provisions, we cannot guarantee that we will be successful, that all open source software is reviewed prior to use in our products, that our developers have not incorporated open source software into our products, or that they will not do so in the future. Accordingly, we may face claims from third parties challenging our use of open source software, claiming ownership of, or seeking to enforce the license terms applicable to such open source software, including by demanding release of the open source software, derivative works or our proprietary source code that was developed or distributed with such software. Such claims could also require us to purchase a commercial license or require us to devote additional research and development resources to change our software, any of which would have a negative effect on our business and results of operations. In addition, if the license terms for the open source code change, we may be forced to re-engineer our software or incur additional costs. Additionally, the terms of many open source licenses to which we are subject have not been interpreted by U.S. or foreign courts. There is a risk that open source software licenses could be construed in a manner that imposes unanticipated conditions or restrictions on our ability to market or provide our products.

We also develop technology (including AI technology) that we make available via open source to third parties that can use this technology for use in their own products and services. We may not have insight into, or control over, the practices of third parties who may utilize such technologies. As such, we cannot guarantee that third parties will not use such technologies for improper purposes, including through the dissemination of illegal, inaccurate, defamatory or harmful content, intellectual property infringement or misappropriation, furthering bias or discrimination, cybersecurity attacks, data privacy violations, other activities that threaten people’s safety or well-being on- or offline, or to develop competing technologies. Such improper use by any third party could adversely affect our reputation, business, financial condition or results of operations, or subject us to legal liability.

Lastly, open source software may contain security vulnerabilities, defects, or other weaknesses that could be exploited, result in service disruptions, data breaches or other cybersecurity incidents, or require significant remediation efforts, any of which could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations.

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Risks Related to Regulation and Litigation

Our business is subject to complex and evolving U.S. and international laws and regulations. Many of these laws and regulations are subject to change and uncertain interpretation, and could result in claims, changes to our business practices, monetary penalties, increased cost of operations, or declines in member growth or engagement, or otherwise harm our business.

We are subject to a variety of laws and regulations in the United States and abroad that involve matters that are important to or may otherwise impact our business, including, among others, broadband internet access, online commerce, online safety, advertising, member privacy, data protection, cybersecurity, artificial intelligence, intermediary liability, protection of minors, consumer protection, general safety, sex-trafficking, labor and employment, taxation and securities law compliance. These U.S. federal, state, and municipal and foreign laws and regulations, which in some cases can be enforced by private parties in addition to government entities, are constantly evolving and can be subject to significant change. In addition, foreign laws and regulations can impose different obligations or be more restrictive than those in the United States. Further, the introduction of new brands and products or changes to existing brands and products, expansion of our activities in certain jurisdictions, or other actions that we may take may result in new or enhanced governmental or regulatory scrutiny.

The application, interpretation, and enforcement of these laws and regulations are often uncertain and difficult to predict, particularly in the new and rapidly evolving industry in which we operate, and may be interpreted and applied inconsistently from state to state and country to country and inconsistently with our current policies and practices, and we currently, and from time to time, may not be in technical compliance with all such regulations. For example, U.S. courts have frequently interpreted Title III of the Americans with Disabilities Act (the “ADA”) to require websites and web-based applications to be made fully accessible to individuals with disabilities. Though we have made enhancements to our products to improve accessibility, we may still become subject to claims that our apps are not fully compliant with the ADA, which may require us to make additional modifications to our products to provide enhanced or accessible services to, or make reasonable accommodations for, individuals, and could result in litigation, including class action lawsuits. Such laws and regulations, as well as any associated inquiries or investigations or any other government actions, may be costly to comply with and may delay or impede the development of new products, require that we change or cease certain business practices, result in negative publicity, decrease demand for our services, reduce our revenues, increase our operating costs, require significant management time and attention, and subject us to remedies that may harm our business, including fines, demands or orders that require us to modify or cease existing business practices. For example, a variety of laws and regulations govern the ability of members to cancel subscriptions and auto-payment renewals. We have in the past and may in the future be subject to claims under such laws and regulations that could materially adversely affect our business.

In particular, we are subject to various laws with regard to content moderation, such as the EU Digital Services Act, which may affect our business and operations and subject us to significant fines if such laws are interpreted and applied in a manner inconsistent with our practices. Other countries such as the United Kingdom have implemented similar legislation that ensure appropriate age assurance measures are in place and impose penalties for failure to remove certain types of content. Similarly, content moderation laws are being considered in some U.S. states. Moreover, in the United States, there are laws targeting companies that operate online dating services, such as the Colorado SB11 Online-Facilitated Misconduct and Remote Tracking Law, which include significant penalties for non-compliance, and specific fraud ban laws such as the Utah Online Safety Dating Act. There is also a developing trend for online safety codes to target specific industries such as the online dating industry (for example, in Australia, the Relevant Electronic Code has come into effect). Such online safety laws and codes may require us, in the future, to change our products, business practices or operations, which could adversely affect member growth and engagement and increase compliance costs for our business.

The adoption of any laws or regulations that adversely affect the popularity or growth in use of the internet or our services, including laws or regulations that undermine open and neutrally administered internet access, could decrease member demand for our service offerings and increase our cost of doing business.

Furthermore, we are subject to rules and regulations of the United States and abroad relating to export controls and economic sanctions, including, but not limited to, trade sanctions administered by the Office of Foreign Assets Control within the U.S. Department of the Treasury, as well as the Export Administration Regulations administered by the Department of Commerce. These regulations may limit our ability to market, sell, distribute or otherwise transfer our products or technology to prohibited countries or persons. While we have taken steps to comply with these rules and regulations, a determination that we have failed to comply, whether knowingly or inadvertently, may result in substantial penalties, including fines, enforcement actions, civil and/or criminal sanctions, the disgorgement of profits, and may materially adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition. See “— We operate in various international markets, including certain markets in which we have limited experience, and some of our brands continue to seek to increase their international scope. As a result, we face additional risks in connection with certain of our international operations.”

We must monitor and, where applicable, comply with rapidly evolving laws and regulations relating to privacy, data protection and/or artificial intelligence across jurisdictions, and the failure to do so could result in claims, changes to our business practices, monetary penalties, increased cost of operations, or declines in member growth or engagement, or otherwise harm our business.

Our success depends, in part, on our ability to access, collect, and use personal data about our members, payers and employees in a responsible way, and to comply with applicable data privacy laws. We process a significant volume of personal data and other

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regulated information both about our members and employees. There are numerous laws and related regulator guidance in the countries in which we operate regarding privacy, data protection and/or artificial intelligence and numerous laws that stipulate detailed requirements for the storage, sharing, use, processing, disclosure and protection of personal data, the scope of which are constantly changing, and in some cases, these laws are inconsistent and conflicting and subject to differing interpretations. As new laws of this nature are proposed and adopted across the world, we currently, and from time to time, may not be in technical compliance with all such laws. Monitoring and complying with such laws could cause us to incur significant costs. Such laws also are becoming increasingly rigorous and could be interpreted and applied in ways that may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. In addition, enforcement practices are likely to remain unpredictable for the foreseeable future.

Amongst other laws and regulations, we are and will continue to be subject to:

•the GDPR, which has a broad array of detailed requirements for the handling of personal data. The GDPR includes obligations and restrictions concerning the processing of personal data, obtaining consent for processing, and rights of individuals to whom the personal data relates, the transfer of personal data out of the European Economic Area (“EEA”), security breach notifications and maintaining the security and confidentiality of personal data. Under the GDPR we may be subject to fines of up to €20 million or up to 4% of the total worldwide annual group turnover of the preceding financial year (whichever is higher), as well as face claims from individuals based on the GDPR’s private rights of action. The GDPR is continuously interpreted by EU data protection regulators and the European Data Protection Board, which requires us to make changes to our business practices from time to time that could be time-consuming and expensive, and could generate additional risks and liabilities.

•the UK GDPR, the UK Data Protection Act of 2018 and the UK Data Use and Access Act of 2025, which expose us to a different interpretation of the law by the UK Information Commissioner’s Office as well as two parallel regimes for the protection of personal data, each of which authorizes similar fines and which may lead to potentially divergent enforcement actions. Furthermore, the new UK Data Use and Access Act of 2025 introduced various amendments to the wider UK data protection regime and created more deviations between the UK GDPR and the GDPR. The new UK Data Use and Access Act of 2025 will, inter alia, bring the maximum fine threshold under the UK ePrivacy rules (currently £500,000) in line with the UK GDPR threshold (i.e., the higher of £17.5 million or 4% of annual global turnover).

•legislation relating to privacy and electronic communications, such as the EU ePrivacy Directive. The ePrivacy Directive applies in the member states of the EEA, and is also implemented in the UK via the UK Privacy and Electronic Communications Regulations. Such legislation imposes restrictions and requirements on, amongst other things, direct electronic marketing and the use of cookies.

•legislation relating to the use of and the development of artificial intelligence technologies, for example the EU AI Act. Certain requirements under the EU AI Act began to apply on February 2, 2025, with the remaining requirements becoming effective on a staggered basis. The EU AI Act will impose material requirements on both the providers and deployers of AI technologies, and prohibit certain AI practices, with infringement punishable by sanctions of up to 7% of annual worldwide turnover or €35 million (whichever is higher) for the most serious breaches.

•new and amended comprehensive and sector-specific (e.g., biometric, dating) privacy laws in a number of U.S. states, including California, Virginia, Colorado, Connecticut, Utah, Montana, Oregon, Illinois and Texas, as well as others that are expected to come into force over the coming months. These laws and regulations impose, or have the potential to impose, additional obligations on companies that collect, store, use, retain, disclose, transfer and otherwise process confidential, sensitive and personal information, and will continue to shape the data privacy environment nationally.

•effective April 8, 2025, the U.S. Department of Justice’s new “Data Security Program” (the “DSP”) restricts, and in some cases prohibits, certain transactions that involve logical or physical “access” to specified categories of data related to U.S. persons and the U.S. government by persons with certain touchpoints to “countries of concern,” currently defined to include China (including Hong Kong and Macau), Cuba, Iran, North Korea, Russia and Venezuela. The DSP imposes certain diligence, security, audit and record-keeping requirements on companies that engage in covered transactions, and non-compliance could result in significant civil or criminal penalties. In addition to potential legal risks, the DSP may create operational challenges by restricting companies’ ability to share data with affiliates and third parties.

Elsewhere internationally, we are subject to additional and in some cases more stringent legal obligations concerning our treatment of member, employee and other personal data, such as laws regarding data localization and/or restrictions on data export, bans on collection of certain identifiers (e.g. identification codes in government-issued IDs), and legal requirements relating to the transfer of personal data across international borders that continue to evolve. Furthermore, new laws and regulations continue to develop and evolve. For example, the Office of The Privacy Commissioner of Canada recently commissioned a joint statement with several key data protection authorities, stating that data scraping protection measures should be taken by all social media companies and those hosting publicly available data, regardless of their size. If we do not successfully protect the personal data that we host from unlawful data scraping, or if we ourselves fail to comply with privacy and AI laws when using scraped data sets from our own platform to train artificial intelligence, we may be subject to fines and regulatory actions, and there could be a materially adverse impact on our reputation and business.

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On November 19, 2025, the EU published a proposal to make certain simplifications to the GDPR and other data, privacy and cybersecurity-related laws, including the ePrivacy Directive. Future further divergence between the data protection requirements of the EEA and the UK could create a greater dual regulatory compliance burden for organizations subject to both regimes. Furthermore, the GDPR and the UK GDPR, respectively, prohibit transfers of personal data from the EEA or the UK to most other countries including the United States, unless a particular compliance mechanism (and, if necessary, certain safeguards) are implemented. One such mechanism is the use of “standard contractual clauses” published by the European Commission (and/or similar or related clauses published pursuant to the UK GDPR). Moreover, recent and potential new rules and restrictions on the flow of data across borders under other global data protection laws, if applicable, or more stringent privacy laws which impact the legal basis for which we can use personal data, could increase the cost and complexity of conducting business in some markets.

Additionally, federal regulators such as the Federal Trade Commission (“FTC”) continue to increase their focus on privacy and data security practices at technology and other companies. For example, in 2022, the FTC released an Advanced Notice of Proposed Rulemaking to consider data security practices that harm consumers.

The myriad international and U.S. privacy and data breach laws are not consistent, and compliance in the event of a widespread data breach is difficult and may be costly. In addition to government regulation, privacy advocates and industry groups have and may in the future propose self-regulatory standards from time to time. These and other industry standards may legally or contractually apply to us, or we may elect to comply with such standards. Failure to comply with evolving privacy laws and standards could result in claims, changes to our business practices, monetary penalties, increased cost of operations, or declines in member growth or engagement, or otherwise harm our business or our reputation, and to the extent that we need to alter our business model or practices to adapt to these obligations, we could incur additional expenses, which may in turn materially adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

We are subject to litigation and adverse outcomes in such litigation could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition.

We are, and from time to time may become, subject to litigation and various legal proceedings, including litigation and legal proceedings related to intellectual property matters, privacy, data protection and consumer protection laws, as well as stockholder derivative suits, class action lawsuits, mass arbitrations, actions from former or current employees and other matters, that involve claims for substantial amounts of money or for other relief, result in significant costs for legal representation, arbitration fees, or other legal or related services, or that might necessitate changes to our business or operations. Further, because we believe that designing our applications, and particularly Bumble, with women at the center creates healthier interactions and better outcomes for all members, we have been, and may continue to be, subject to discrimination lawsuits. Moreover, we have been, and may in the future be, subject to legacy claims or liabilities arising from systems, product features or controls in earlier periods of our development. The defense of these actions is time consuming and expensive and may subject us to remedies that may require us to modify or cease existing business. We evaluate these litigation claims and legal proceedings to assess the likelihood of unfavorable outcomes and to estimate, if possible, the amount of potential losses. Based on these assessments and estimates, we may establish reserves and/or disclose the relevant litigation claims or legal proceedings, as and when required or appropriate. These assessments and estimates are based on information available to management at the time of such assessment or estimation and involve a significant amount of judgment. As a result, actual outcomes or losses could differ materially from those envisioned by our current assessments and estimates. Our failure to successfully defend or settle any of these litigations or legal proceedings could result in liability that, to the extent not covered by our insurance, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. See Part I, “Item 3— Legal Proceedings” and Note 20, Commitments and Contingencies, to the audited consolidated financial statements included in Part II, “Item 8―Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.”

Online applications are subject to various laws and regulations relating to children’s privacy and protection, which if violated, could subject us to an increased risk of litigation and regulatory actions.

There are a variety of laws and regulations, some of which have been adopted in recent years, aimed at protecting children using the internet, such as Article 8 of the GDPR/UK GDPR, the EU Digital Services Act, the UK Online Safety Act, the Australia Social Media Ban and the California Age-Appropriate Design Code Act. Although our products and services are intended for and targeted to adults only and we implement a combination of measures designed to prevent minors from gaining access to our application, no assurances can be given that such measures will be sufficient to completely avoid allegations of violations of such laws and regulations, any of which could expose us to significant liability, penalties, reputational harm and loss of revenue, among other things. Moreover, new regulations, or changes to existing regulations, could increase the cost of our operations and materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We are subject to taxation related risks in multiple jurisdictions.

We are a U.S.-based multinational company subject to tax in multiple U.S. and foreign tax jurisdictions. Significant judgment is required in determining our global provision for income taxes, deferred tax assets or liabilities and in evaluating our tax positions on a worldwide basis. While we believe our tax positions are consistent with the tax laws in the jurisdictions in which we conduct our business, it is possible that these positions may be challenged by jurisdictional tax authorities, which may have a significant impact on our global provision for income taxes.

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Tax laws are being re-examined and evaluated globally. New laws and interpretations of the law are taken into account for financial statement purposes in the quarter or year that they become applicable. Tax authorities are increasingly scrutinizing the tax positions of companies. Many countries in the European Union, as well as a number of other countries and organizations such as the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development and the European Commission, are actively considering changes to existing tax laws that, if enacted, could increase our tax obligations in countries where we do business. These proposals include changes to the existing framework to calculate income tax, as well as proposals to change or impose new types of non-income taxes, including taxes based on a percentage of revenue. For example, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development has released proposals to create an agreed set of international rules for fighting base erosion and profit shifting, including Pillar One and Pillar Two, such that tax laws in countries in which we do business could change on a prospective or retroactive basis, and any such changes could adversely impact us. In addition, several countries in the European Union have proposed or enacted taxes applicable to digital services, which includes business activities on social media platforms and online marketplaces, and would likely apply to our business. Many questions remain about the enactment, form and application of these digital services taxes. The interpretation and implementation of the various digital services taxes (especially if there is inconsistency in the application of these taxes across tax jurisdictions) could have a materially adverse impact on our business, results of operations and cash flows. Moreover, if the U.S. or other foreign tax authorities change applicable tax laws, our overall taxes could increase, and our business, financial condition or results of operations may be adversely impacted.

On January 5, 2026, the OECD released Administrative Guidance containing the Side-by-Side agreement (“SbS System”) as part of a broader package of Administrative Guidance on Pillar Two, introducing two new Pillar Two safe harbours for MNE Groups headquartered in jurisdictions with both eligible domestic and worldwide tax systems and for MNE Groups with a UPE located in a jurisdiction that has an eligible domestic tax system but not an eligible worldwide tax system. The Central Record for purposes of the Global Minimum Tax was updated on January 5, 2026 to reflect that the United States is an eligible jurisdiction for the SbS SH. We expect the SbS SH will have significant future impact on our Pillar Two computations, however, the impact will depend on the timing of enactment and the exact nature of each country’s GloBE legislation. Accordingly, we are still evaluating the potential consequences of Pillar Two on our longer-term financial position.

Our business is subject to evolving corporate governance and public disclosure regulations and expectations, including with respect to sustainability and environmental, social and governance matters, and increasing scrutiny of sustainability commitments and initiatives that could expose us to numerous risks.

We are subject to rules and regulations promulgated by a number of governmental and self-regulatory organizations, including the SEC, Nasdaq and the Financial Accounting Standards Board. Further, new and emerging regulatory initiatives, particularly in the European Union, the United Kingdom and at the U.S. state level related to climate change and sustainability matters, could adversely affect our business. These and other legal regulatory requirements continue to evolve in scope and complexity, making compliance more difficult and uncertain. In particular, regulators, customers, investors, employees and other stakeholders are increasingly focusing on sustainability and environmental, social and governance (“ESG”) matters and related disclosures.

Developing and acting on initiatives and new legal imperatives within the scope of ESG, and collecting, measuring and reporting ESG-related information and metrics under evolving reporting standards can be costly, difficult and time-consuming. In particular, California’s Climate Corporate Data Accountability Act, Climate-Related Financial Risk Act and Voluntary Carbon Market Disclosures Act require new reporting relating to greenhouse gas (“GHG”) emissions, climate-related financial risk, and involvement in the voluntary carbon market or regarding certain claims about carbon or GHG emissions, respectively. Similarly, in the UK, certain large companies are subject to requirements to report energy usage and GHG emissions data on an annual basis under both the Streamlined Energy and Carbon Reporting Framework and the Energy Savings Opportunity Scheme, as well as information relating to climate change-related risks and opportunities under the UK’s Companies (Strategic Report) (Climate-related Financial Disclosure) Regulations 2022. We may also communicate certain initiatives and goals regarding environmental matters, diversity, responsible sourcing, social investments and other ESG-related matters in our SEC filings or in other public disclosures. These ESG- related initiatives and goals could be difficult and expensive to implement, the technologies needed to implement them may not be cost-effective and may not advance at a sufficient pace, and we could be criticized for the inaccuracy, inadequacy or incompleteness of the disclosure. Further, statements about our ESG-related initiatives and goals, and progress against those goals, may be based on standards for measuring progress that are still developing, internal controls and processes that continue to evolve, and assumptions that are subject to change in the future. In addition, we could be criticized for the scope or nature of such initiatives or goals, for steps taken or not taken to achieve the goals, or for any revisions to these goals. If our ESG-related data, processes and reporting are incomplete or inaccurate, or if we fail to achieve or disclose adequate progress with respect to our goals within the scope of ESG on a timely basis, or at all, our reputation, business, financial condition or results of operations could be adversely affected. At the same time, regulators have increasingly expressed or pursued opposing views, legislation and investment expectations with respect to sustainability initiatives. In recent years anti-ESG and anti-DEI sentiment has gained momentum across the United States, with several dozen states, Congress and the Executive Branch having proposed or enacted “anti-ESG” and “anti-DEI” policies, legislation, executive orders or initiatives or issued related legal opinions. Conflicting regulations and a lack of harmonization of ESG legal and regulatory environments across the jurisdictions in which we operate may create enhanced compliance risks and costs. Failure to

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prepare for and meet evolving standards and expectations could result in regulatory penalties, investor backlash and diminished shareholder confidence.

Risks Related to Our Indebtedness

Our substantial indebtedness could materially adversely affect our financial condition, our ability to raise additional capital to fund our operations, our ability to operate our business, our ability to react to changes in the economy or our industry, our ability to meet our obligations under our outstanding indebtedness and could divert our cash flow from operations for debt payments.

We have a substantial amount of debt, which requires significant interest and principal payments. As of December 31, 2025, we had $591 million of indebtedness outstanding. Subject to the limits contained in the Credit Agreement (as defined herein) that governs our credit facilities, we may be able to incur substantial additional debt from time to time to finance working capital, capital expenditures, investments or acquisitions, or for other purposes. If we do so, the risks related to our high level of debt could increase. Specifically, our high level of debt could have important consequences, including the following:

•it may be difficult for us to satisfy our obligations, including debt service requirements under our outstanding debt;

•our ability to obtain additional financing for working capital, capital expenditures, debt service requirements, acquisitions or other general corporate purposes may be impaired;

•a substantial portion of cash flow from operations are required to be dedicated to the payment of principal and interest on our indebtedness, therefore reducing our ability to use our cash flow to fund our operations, capital expenditures, future business opportunities and other purposes;

•we could be more vulnerable to economic downturns and adverse industry conditions and our flexibility to plan for, or react to, changes in our business or industry is more limited;

•our ability to capitalize on business opportunities and to react to competitive pressures, as compared to our competitors, may be compromised due to our high level of debt and the restrictive covenants in the Credit Agreement that governs our credit facilities;

•our ability to borrow additional funds or to refinance debt may be limited; and

•it may cause potential or existing service providers to not contract with us due to concerns over our ability to meet our financial obligations under such contracts.

We are a holding company, and our consolidated assets are owned by, and our business is conducted through, our subsidiaries. Revenue from these subsidiaries is our primary source of funds for debt payments and operating expenses. If our subsidiaries are restricted from making distributions to us, our ability to meet our debt service obligations or otherwise fund our operations may be impaired. Moreover, there may be restrictions on payments by subsidiaries to their parent companies under applicable laws, including laws that require companies to maintain minimum amounts of capital and to make payments to stockholders only from profits. As a result, although a subsidiary of ours may have cash, we may not be able to obtain that cash to satisfy our obligation to service our outstanding debt or fund our operations.

The Company’s outstanding term loans under the Credit Agreement have a carrying value of $588 million as of December 31, 2025 and mature on January 29, 2027. Our ability to make scheduled payments on and to refinance our indebtedness depends on and is subject to our financial and operating performance, which in turn is affected by general and regional economic, financial, competitive, business and other factors and reimbursement actions of governmental and commercial payers, all of which are beyond our control, including the availability of financing in the international banking and capital markets. We cannot assure you that our business will generate sufficient cash flow from operations or that future borrowings will be available to us in an amount sufficient to enable us to service our debt, to refinance or pay off our debt or to fund our other liquidity needs. Any refinancing or restructuring of our indebtedness could be at higher interest rates and may require us to comply with more onerous covenants that could further restrict our business operations. Moreover, in the event of a default, the holders of our indebtedness could elect to declare such indebtedness to be due and payable and/or elect to exercise other rights, such as the lenders under our Revolving Credit Facility terminating their commitments thereunder and ceasing to make further loans or the lenders under our Senior Secured Credit Facilities instituting foreclosure proceedings against their collateral, any of which could materially adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.

Furthermore, all of the debt under our credit facilities bears interest at variable rates. If interest rates increase, our debt service obligations on our credit facilities would increase even though the amount borrowed remained the same, especially if our hedging strategies do not effectively mitigate the effects of such increases, and our net income and cash flows, including cash available for servicing our indebtedness, would correspondingly decrease.

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Certain of our debt agreements impose significant operating and financial restrictions on us and our subsidiaries, which may prevent us from capitalizing on business opportunities.

The Credit Agreement that governs our Senior Secured Credit Facilities imposes significant operating and financial restrictions on us. These restrictions will limit our ability and/or the ability of our subsidiaries to, among other things: incur or guarantee additional debt or issue disqualified stock or preferred stock; pay dividends and make other distributions on, or redeem or repurchase, capital stock; make certain investments; incur certain liens; enter into transactions with affiliates; and merge or consolidate.

Furthermore, if our borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility exceed certain thresholds, the Credit Agreement requires one of our subsidiaries to maintain, as of the last day of each four fiscal quarter periods, a maximum consolidated first lien net leverage ratio of 5.75 to 1.00 (subject to customary equity cure rights). As a result of these restrictions, we are limited as to how we conduct our business and we may be unable to raise additional debt or equity financing to compete effectively or to take advantage of new business opportunities. The terms of any future indebtedness we may incur could include similar or more restrictive covenants. We cannot assure you that we will be able to maintain compliance with these covenants in the future and, if we fail to do so, that we will be able to obtain waivers from the lenders and/or amend the covenants. Our failure to comply with the restrictive or financial covenants described above as well as the terms of any future indebtedness could result in an event of default, which, if not cured or waived, could result in us being required to repay these borrowings before their due date. If we are forced to refinance these borrowings on less favorable terms or are unable to refinance these borrowings, our results of operations and financial condition could be materially adversely affected.

Risks Related to Our Organizational Structure

Bumble Inc. is a holding company and its only material asset is its interest in Bumble Holdings, and it is accordingly dependent upon distributions from Bumble Holdings to pay taxes and dividends.

Bumble Inc. is a holding company and has no material assets other than its ownership of Common Units. Bumble Inc. has no independent means of generating revenue. Bumble Inc. has caused and intends to continue to cause Bumble Holdings to make distributions to holders of its Common Units, including Bumble Inc. and our Pre-IPO Common Unitholders, and Incentive Units in an amount sufficient to cover all applicable taxes at assumed tax rates and dividends, if any, declared by it. Deterioration in the financial condition, earnings or cash flow of Bumble Holdings and its subsidiaries for any reason could limit or impair their ability to pay such distributions. Additionally, to the extent that Bumble Inc. needs funds, and Bumble Holdings is restricted from making such distributions under applicable law or regulation or under the terms of our financing arrangements, or is otherwise unable to provide such funds, such restriction could materially adversely affect our liquidity and financial condition.

We anticipate that Bumble Holdings will continue to be treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes and, as such, generally will not be subject to any entity-level U.S. federal income tax. Instead, taxable income or loss is allocated to holders of Common Units, including us, and Incentive Units. Accordingly, we are required to pay income taxes on our allocable share of any net taxable income of Bumble Holdings. Legislation that is effective for taxable years beginning after December 31, 2017 may impute liability for adjustments to a partnership’s tax return to the partnership itself in certain circumstances, absent an election to the contrary. Bumble Holdings may be subject to material liabilities pursuant to this legislation and related guidance if, for example, its calculations of taxable income are incorrect. In addition, the income taxes on our allocable share of Bumble Holding’s net taxable income will increase over time as our Pre-IPO Common Unitholders and/or Incentive Unitholders exchange their Common Units (including Common Units issued upon conversion of vested Incentive Units) for shares of our Class A common stock. Such increase in our tax expenses may have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, and financial condition.

Under the terms of the amended and restated limited partnership agreement, Bumble Holdings is obligated to make tax distributions to holders of Common Units, including us, and Incentive Units at certain assumed tax rates. Our Board of Directors, in its sole discretion, will make any determination from time to time with respect to the use of any such excess cash so accumulated, which may include, among other uses, funding repurchases of Class A common stock; acquiring additional newly issued Common Units from Bumble Holdings at a per unit price determined by reference to the market value of the Class A common stock; paying dividends, which may include special dividends, on its Class A common stock; or any combination of the foregoing. We will have no obligation to distribute such cash (or other available cash other than any declared dividend) to our stockholders. To the extent that we do not distribute such excess cash as dividends on our Class A common stock or otherwise undertake ameliorative actions between Common Units, Incentive Units and shares of Class A common stock and instead, for example, hold such cash balances, holders of our Common Units (other than Bumble Inc.) and Incentive Units may benefit from any value attributable to such cash balances as a result of their ownership of Class A common stock following a redemption or exchange of their Common Units, notwithstanding that such holders of our Common Units (other than Bumble Inc.) and Incentive Units may previously have participated as holders of Common Units and Incentive Units in distributions by Bumble Holdings that resulted in such excess cash balances at Bumble Inc.

Payments of dividends, if any, will be at the discretion of our Board of Directors after taking into account various factors, including our business, operating results and financial condition, current and anticipated cash needs, plans for expansion and any legal or contractual limitations on our ability to pay dividends. Our existing Senior Secured Credit Facilities include, and any financing arrangement that we enter into in the future may include, restrictive covenants that limit our ability to pay dividends. In addition, Bumble Holdings is generally prohibited under Delaware law from making a distribution to a limited partner to the extent that, at the

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time of the distribution, after giving effect to the distribution, liabilities of Bumble Holdings (with certain exceptions) exceed the fair value of its assets. Subsidiaries of Bumble Holdings are generally subject to similar legal limitations on their ability to make distributions to Bumble Holdings.

Risks Related to Ownership of our Class A Common Stock

Our Principal Stockholders control us and their interests may conflict with ours or yours in the future.

As of February 27, 2026, our Principal Stockholders beneficially own approximately 86.5% of the combined voting power of our Class A and Class B common stock. Moreover, we nominate to our Board individuals designated by our Principal Stockholders in accordance with the stockholders agreement. Our Principal Stockholders have the right to designate directors subject to the maintenance of certain ownership requirements in us. Even when our Principal Stockholders cease to own shares of our stock representing a majority of the total voting power, for so long as our Principal Stockholders continue to own a significant percentage of our stock, they will still be able to significantly influence or effectively control the composition of our Board of Directors and the approval of actions requiring stockholder approval through their voting power. Accordingly, for such period of time, our Principal Stockholders will have significant influence with respect to our management, business plans and policies, including the appointment and removal of our officers. In particular, for so long as our Sponsor continues to own a significant percentage of our stock, our Sponsor will be able to cause or prevent a change of control of our company or a change in the composition of our Board of Directors and could preclude any unsolicited acquisition of our company. The concentration of ownership could deprive you of an opportunity to receive a premium for your shares of Class A common stock as part of a sale of our company and ultimately might affect the market price of our Class A common stock.

In addition, as of February 27, 2026, the Pre-IPO Common Unitholders (which include our Sponsor and our Founder) own approximately 14.1% of the Common Units. Because they hold their ownership interest in our business directly in Bumble Holdings, rather than through Bumble Inc., the Pre-IPO Common Unitholders may have conflicting interests with holders of shares of our Class A common stock. For example, if Bumble Holdings makes distributions to Bumble Inc., the Pre-IPO Common Unitholders and participating Incentive Unitholders (as described below) will also be entitled to receive such distributions pro rata in accordance with the percentages of their respective Common Units or Incentive Units, as applicable, in Bumble Holdings and their preferences as to the timing and amount of any such distributions may differ from those of our public stockholders. Incentive Units are not entitled to receive distributions (other than tax distributions) until holders of Common Units have received a minimum return as provided in the amended and restated limited partnership agreement of Bumble Holdings. However, Incentive Units have the benefit of adjustment provisions that will reduce the participation threshold for distributions in respect of which they do not participate until there is no participation threshold, at which time the Incentive Units would participate pro rata with distributions on Common Units. Our pre-IPO owners may also have different tax positions from us which could influence their decisions regarding whether and when to dispose of assets, and whether and when to incur new or refinance existing indebtedness. In addition, the structuring of future transactions may take into consideration our pre-IPO owners’ tax or other considerations even where no similar benefit would accrue to us.

Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation does not limit the ability of our Principal Stockholders to compete with us and they may have investments in businesses whose interests conflict with ours.

Our Principal Stockholders and their respective affiliates engage in a broad spectrum of activities, including investments in businesses that may compete with us. In the ordinary course of their business activities, our Principal Stockholders and their respective affiliates may engage in activities where their interests conflict with our interests or those of our stockholders. Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation provides that none of our Principal Stockholders or any of their respective affiliates or any of our directors who are not employed by us (including any non-employee director who serves as one of our officers in both his or her director and officer capacities) or his or her affiliates will have any duty to refrain from engaging, directly or indirectly, in the same business activities or similar business activities or lines of business in which we operate. Our Principal Stockholders and their respective affiliates also may pursue acquisition opportunities that may be complementary to our business, and, as a result, those acquisition opportunities may not be available to us. In addition, our Principal Stockholders may have an interest in our pursuing acquisitions, divestitures and other transactions that, in their judgment, could enhance their investment, even though such transactions might involve risks to us and our stockholders.

We are a “controlled company” within the meaning of Nasdaq rules and, as a result, we qualify for exemptions from certain corporate governance requirements. If we rely on such exemptions in the future, you will not have the same protections afforded to stockholders of companies that are subject to such requirements.

Our Principal Stockholders are parties to a stockholders agreement and, as of February 27, 2026, beneficially own approximately 86.5% of the combined voting power of our Class A and Class B common stock. As a result, we are a “controlled company” within the meaning of the Nasdaq corporate governance standards. Under these corporate governance standards, a company of which more than 50% of the voting power in the election of directors is held by an individual, group or another company is a “controlled company” and may elect not to comply with certain corporate governance requirements. For example, controlled companies:

(1)are not required to have a Board that is composed of a majority of “independent directors,” as defined under Nasdaq rules;

(2)are not required to have a compensation committee that is composed entirely of independent directors; and

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(3)are not required to have director nominations be made, or recommended to the full Board of Directors, by its independent directors or by a nominations committee that is composed entirely of independent directors.

Although we do not currently rely on the exemptions from these corporate governance requirements, if we do rely on such exemptions in the future, you will not have the same protections afforded to stockholders of companies that are subject to all of the corporate governance requirements of Nasdaq.

If we fail to maintain effective internal control over financial reporting, our ability to produce timely and accurate financial statements or comply with applicable laws and regulations could be impaired.

As a public company, we are subject to rules and regulations established by the SEC and Nasdaq. These rules and regulations require, among other things, that we establish and periodically evaluate procedures with respect to our internal control over financial reporting pursuant to Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act.

In order to maintain and improve the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting, we have expended, and anticipate that we will continue to expend, significant resources, including accounting-related costs and significant management oversight.

Our current controls and any new controls that we develop may become inadequate because of changes in conditions in our business and we may discover weaknesses in our disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting in the future. If we identify deficiencies in our internal control over financial reporting or if we are unable to comply with the requirements applicable to us as a public company, in a timely manner or at all, we may not be able to accurately report our financial results, we may fail to meet our reporting obligations within the timeframes required by the SEC, we may have to restate our financial statements for prior periods, and/or our independent registered public accounting firm may not be able to issue an unqualified opinion regarding the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting in the event that they are not satisfied with the level at which our internal control over financial reporting is documented, designed, or operating. If this occurs, we could become subject to sanctions or investigations by the SEC or other regulatory authorities, or we may not be able to remain listed on Nasdaq.

In addition, if we determine or our independent registered public accounting firm determines we have a future material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting, this could have a material adverse effect on our business and operating results, investors may lose confidence in the accuracy and completeness of our financial reports, we may face restricted access to capital markets, and the market price for our Class A common stock may be adversely affected.

Our dual class structure may have an impact on the market price of our Class A common stock.

Our dual class structure may result in a lower or more volatile market price of our Class A common stock, in adverse publicity or other adverse consequences. Certain index providers have in the past announced restrictions on including companies with multiple class share structures in certain of their indices. Given the sustained flow of investment funds into passive strategies that seek to track certain indices, exclusion from stock indices would likely preclude investment by many of these funds and could make our Class A common stock less attractive to other investors. As a result, the market price of our Class A common stock could be materially adversely affected.

The outsized voting rights of our Principal Stockholders have the effect of concentrating voting control with our Principal Stockholders, limit or preclude your ability to influence corporate matters and may have a potential adverse effect on the price of our Class A common stock.

BMBL US Equity

BMBL · 10-K · period ended 2025-12-31

Item 1A. Risk Factors

BMBL US Equity☆

BMBL · 10-K · period ended 2025-12-31

Item 1A. Risk Factors

BMBL US Equity