Item 1A. Risk Factors.

You should consider carefully the risks, uncertainties and other factors described below, in addition to the other information set forth in this Form 10-K, before making an investment decision. Any of these risks, uncertainties and other factors could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows or prospects. In that case, the market price of our common stock could decline, and you may lose all or part of your investment in our common stock. See also “Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements.”

Risks Related to Our Business

We require additional capital to support our present business plan and our anticipated business growth, and such capital may not be available on acceptable terms, or at all, which would adversely affect our ability to operate.

We will require additional funds to further develop our business plan. We may choose to raise additional capital in order to expedite and propel growth more rapidly. We can give no assurance that we will be successful in raising any additional funds. We may need to raise additional funds, doing so through debt and equity offerings, in order to meet our expected future liquidity and capital requirements, including capital required for the development completion and introduction of our future products and technologies. Any such financing that we undertake will likely be dilutive to current stockholders.

We intend to continue to make investments to support our business growth, including patent or other intellectual property asset creation. In addition, we may also need additional funds to respond to business opportunities and challenges, including our ongoing operating expenses, protecting our intellectual property, satisfying debt payment obligations, developing new lines of business and enhancing our operating infrastructure. While we may need to seek additional funding for such purposes, we may not be able to obtain financing on acceptable terms, or at all. In addition, the terms of our financings may be dilutive to, or otherwise adversely affect, holders of our Common Stock. We may also seek to raise additional funds through arrangements with collaborators or other third parties. We may not be able to negotiate any such arrangements on acceptable terms, if at all. If we are unable to obtain additional funding on a timely basis, we may be required to curtail or terminate some or all our business plans.

We cannot predict our future capital needs and we may not be able to secure additional financing.

We will need to raise additional funds in the future to fund our working capital needs and to fund further expansion of our business. We may require additional equity or debt financings, collaborative arrangements with corporate partners or funds from other sources for these purposes. No assurance can be given that necessary funds will be available for us to finance our development on acceptable terms, if at all. Furthermore, such additional financings may involve substantial dilution of our stockholders or may require that we relinquish rights to certain of our technologies or products. In addition, we may experience operational difficulties and delays due to working capital restrictions. If adequate funds are not available from operations or additional sources of financing, we may have to delay or scale back our growth plans.

We have a limited operating history upon which investors can evaluate our future prospects.

We have a limited operating history upon which an evaluation of our business plan or performance and prospects can be made. The business and prospects of the Company must be considered in the light of the potential problems, delays, uncertainties and complications encountered in connection with a newly established business and new industry. The risks include, but are not limited to, the possibility that we will not be able to develop functional and scalable products and services, or that although functional and scalable, our products and services will not be economical to market; that our competitors hold proprietary rights that preclude us from marketing such products; that our competitors market a superior or equivalent product; that we are not able to upgrade and enhance our technologies and products to accommodate new features and expanded service offerings; or the failure to receive necessary regulatory clearances for our products. To successfully introduce and market our products at a profit, we must establish brand name recognition and competitive advantages for our products. There are no assurances that we can successfully address these challenges and if unsuccessful, we and our business, financial condition and operating results could be materially and adversely affected.

The current and future expense levels of our business are based largely on estimates of planned operations and future revenues rather than experience. It is difficult to accurately forecast future revenues because our business is new and our market has not been developed. If our forecasts prove incorrect, the business, operating results and financial condition of the Company may be materially and adversely affected. Moreover, we may be unable to adjust our spending in a timely manner to compensate for any unanticipated reduction in revenues. As a result, any significant reduction in planned or actual revenues may immediately and adversely affect our business, financial condition and operating results.

Management and our independent registered public accounting firm has expressed substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern.

As described in Note 2 of our accompanying audited financial statements, our auditors have issued a going concern opinion on our December 31, 2024 financial statements, expressing substantial doubt that we can continue as an ongoing business for the next twelve months after issuance of their report based on our current development plans and our operating requirements and us having suffered recurring losses from operations and having a net capital deficiency. Our financial statements do not include any adjustments that may result from the outcome of this uncertainty. If we cannot raise the necessary capital to continue as a viable entity, we could experience a material adverse effect on our business and our stockholders may lose some or all of their investment in us.

We can provide no assurances that any additional sources of financing will be available to us on favorable terms, if at all. Our forecast of the period of time through which our current financial resources will be adequate to support our operations and the costs to support our general and administrative, selling and marketing and research and development activities are forward-looking statements and involve risks and uncertainties.

We have no revenues and we cannot predict when we will achieve first revenues and sustained profitability.

We have no revenues and cannot definitely predict when we will achieve revenues and profitability. We do not anticipate generating significant revenues until we successfully develop, achieve regulatory clearance, commercialize and sell our proposed products, of which we can give no assurance. We are unable to determine when we will generate significant revenues from the sale of any such products.

We cannot predict when we will achieve profitability, if ever. Our inability to become profitable may force us to curtail or temporarily discontinue our research and development programs and our day-to-day operations. Furthermore, there can be no assurance that profitability, if achieved, can be sustained on an ongoing basis.

We may never complete the development and commercialization of products that we are currently developing and future development of new generations of any of our other proposed products.

We have no assurance of success as to the completion and of the commercial launch of our products or the completion and development of any new generations of products that are currently under development or other proposed or contemplated products, for any of our target markets. We continue to seek to improve our technologies while we are developing them so that they result in commercially viable products. Failure to improve on any of our technologies could delay or prevent their successful development for our target markets. Developing any technology into a marketable product is a risky, time consuming and expensive process. You should anticipate that we will encounter setbacks, discrepancies requiring time consuming and costly redesigns and changes, and that there is the possibility of outright failure.

We may not meet our product development and commercialization milestones.

We have established milestones, based upon our expectations regarding our technologies, which we use to assess our progress toward developing our products. These milestones relate to technology development and design improvements as well as dates for achieving development goals. If our products exhibit technical defects or are unable to meet cost or performance goals, our commercialization schedule could be delayed and potential purchasers of our initial commercial products may decline to purchase such products or may opt to pursue alternative products.

We may also experience shortages of the components used in our devices. The contract manufacturing operations that we will use could be disrupted by fire, earthquake or other natural disaster, a labor-related disruption, failure in supply or other logistical channels, electrical outages or other reasons. If there were a disruption to manufacturing facilities, we would be unable to manufacture devices until these manufacturing capabilities are restored or alternative manufacturing facilities are engaged.

Generally, we have met our milestone schedules when making technological advances in our product. We can give no assurance that our development and commercialization schedule will continue to be met as we further develop products currently under development or any of our other future products.

Our business is dependent upon physicians utilizing and prescribing our solution; if we fail to engage physicians to utilize our solution, our revenues may never materialize or may not meet our projections.

The success of our cardiac diagnosis and monitoring business is dependent upon physicians prescribing and utilizing our solution. The utilization of our solution by physicians for use in the prescription of cardiac monitoring is directly influenced by a number of factors, including:

•the ability of the physicians with whom we work to obtain sufficient reimbursement and be paid in a timely manner for the professional services they provide in connection with the use of our monitoring solutions;

•establishing ourselves as a cardiac monitoring technology company by publishing peer reviewed publications showing efficacy of our solutions,

•our ability to educate physicians regarding the benefits of our cardiac monitoring solutions over alternative diagnostic monitoring solutions,

•our demonstrating that our proposed products are reliable and supported by us in the field;

•supplying and servicing sufficient quantities of products directly or through marketing alliances; and

•pricing our devices and technology service fees in a medical device industry that is becoming increasingly price sensitive.

If we are unable to drive physician utilization, our revenues may never materialize or may not meet our projections.

We are subject to extensive governmental regulations relating to the manufacturing, labeling, and marketing of our products.

Our medical technology products and operations are subject to regulation by the FDA, and other foreign and local governmental authorities. These agencies enforce laws and regulations that govern the development, testing, manufacturing, labeling, advertising, marketing and distribution, and post market surveillance of our medical products.

Under the United States Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, medical devices are classified into one of three classes — Class I, Class II or Class III — depending on the degree of risk associated with each medical device and the extent of control needed to ensure safety and effectiveness. We believe that our products currently under development and planned products will be Class II medical devices. Class II medical devices are subject to additional controls, including full applicability of the Quality System Regulations, and requirements for 510(k) pre-market notification.

The FDA may disagree with the classification of a new Class II medical device and require the manufacturer of that device to apply for approval as a Class III medical device. If the FDA determines that our Class II medical Products should be classified as Class III medical devices, we could be precluded from marketing the devices for clinical use within the United States for a period of time, the length of which depends on the specific change in the classification. Reclassification of our Class II medical Products as Class III medical devices could significantly increase our regulatory costs, including the timing and expense associated with required clinical trials and other costs.

In addition to regulations in the United States, we will be subject to a variety of foreign regulations governing clinical trials and commercial sales and distribution of our products in foreign countries. Whether or not we obtain FDA approval for a product, we must obtain approval of a product by the comparable regulatory authorities of foreign countries before we can commence clinical trials or marketing of the product in those countries. The approval process varies from country to country, and the time may be longer or shorter than that required for FDA approval. The requirements governing the conduct of clinical trials, product licensing, pricing and reimbursement vary greatly from country to country.

The policies of the FDA and foreign regulatory authorities may change, and additional government regulations may be enacted which could prevent or delay regulatory approval of our products and could also increase the cost of regulatory compliance. We cannot predict the likelihood, nature or extent of adverse governmental regulation that might arise from future legislative or administrative action, either in the United States or abroad.

The FDA and non-U.S. regulatory authorities require that our products be manufactured according to rigorous standards. These regulatory requirements may significantly increase our production costs and may even prevent us from making our products in quantities sufficient to meet market demand. If we change our approved manufacturing process, the FDA may need to review the process before it may be used. Failure to comply with applicable regulatory requirements discussed could subject us to enforcement actions, including warning letters, fines, injunctions, and civil penalties, product recall or seizure of our products, operating restrictions, partial suspension or total shutdown of our production, and even criminal prosecution.

Federal, state, and non-U.S. regulations regarding the manufacture and sale of medical devices are subject to future changes. The complexity, timeframes and costs associated with obtaining marketing clearances are unknown. Although we cannot predict the impact, if any, these changes might have on our business, the impact could be material.

Following the introduction of a product, these agencies will also periodically review our design and manufacturing processes and product performance. The process of complying with the applicable good manufacturing practices, adverse event reporting, clinical trial and other requirements can be costly and time consuming, and could delay or prevent the production, manufacturing, or sale of our products. In addition, if we fail to comply with applicable regulatory requirements, it could result in fines, delays or suspensions of regulatory clearances, closure of manufacturing sites, seizures or recalls of products and damage to our reputation. Recent changes in enforcement practice by the FDA and other agencies have resulted in increased enforcement activity, which increases the compliance risk for the Company and other companies in our industry. In addition, governmental agencies may impose new requirements regarding registration, labeling or prohibited materials that may require us to modify or re-register products already on the market or otherwise impact our ability to market our products in those countries. Once clearance or approval has been obtained for a product, there is an obligation to ensure that all applicable FDA, and other regulatory requirements continue to be met.

Additionally, injuries caused by the malfunction or misuse of cardiac devices, even where such malfunction or misuse occurs with respect to one of our competitor’s products, could cause regulatory agencies to implement more conservative regulations on the medical cardiac monitoring industry, which could significantly increase our operating costs.

If we are not able to both obtain and maintain adequate levels of third-party reimbursement for our products, it would have a material adverse effect on our business.

Healthcare providers and related facilities are generally reimbursed for their services through payment systems managed by various governmental agencies worldwide, private insurance companies, and managed care organizations. The manner and level of reimbursement in any given case may depend on the site of care, the procedure(s) performed, the final patient diagnosis, the device(s) utilized, available budget, the efficacy, safety, performance and cost-effectiveness of our planned products and services, or a combination of these or other factors, and coverage and payment levels are determined at each payer’s discretion. The coverage policies and reimbursement levels of these third-party payers may impact the decisions of healthcare providers and facilities regarding which medical products they purchase and the prices they are willing to pay for those products. Thus, changes in reimbursement levels or methods may impact sales of our products.

We have no direct control over payer decision-making with respect to coverage and payment levels for our medical device products and services. Additionally, we expect many payers to continue to explore cost-containment strategies (e.g., comparative, and cost- effectiveness studies, so-called “pay-for-performance” programs implemented by various public and private payers, and expansion of payment bundling schemes such as Accountable Care Organizations, and other such methods that shift medical cost risk to providers) that may potentially impact coverage and/or payment levels for our products and services.

The ability of physicians and other providers to successfully utilize our cardiac diagnostic and monitoring solutions and successfully allow payors to reimburse for the physicians’ technical and professional fees is critical to our business because physicians and their patients will select solutions other than ours in the event that payors refuse to adequately reimburse our technical fees and physicians’ professional fees.

Changes in reimbursement practices of third-party payers could affect the demand for our products and services and our revenue levels.

The sales of our proposed products and services could depend, in part, on the extent to which healthcare providers and facilities or individual users are reimbursed by government authorities, private insurers and other third-party payers for the costs of our products, or the services performed with our products. The coverage policies and reimbursement levels of third-party payers, which can vary among public and private sources and by country, may affect which products customers purchase and the prices they are willing to pay for those products and services in a particular jurisdiction. Reimbursement rates can also affect the acceptance rate of new technologies. Legislative or administrative reforms to reimbursement systems in the United States or abroad, or changes in reimbursement rates by private payers, could significantly reduce reimbursement for medical actions using the Company’s products or result in denial of reimbursement for those products, which would adversely affect customer demand, or the price customers may be willing to pay for such products and services.

We may experience difficulty in obtaining reimbursement for our services from commercial payors that consider our technology to be experimental and investigational, which would adversely affect our revenue and operating results.

Many commercial payors refuse to enter into contracts to reimburse the fees associated with medical devices or services that such payors determine to be “experimental and investigational.” Commercial payors typically label medical devices or services as “experimental and investigational” until such devices or services have demonstrated product superiority evidenced by a randomized clinical trial.

For example, clinical trials have been performed on some mobile cardiac telemetry devices, proving higher diagnostic yield than monitoring devices and services that are already being reimbursed. Certain remaining commercial payors, however, have stated that they do not believe the data from the clinical trials justifies the removal of the experimental designation for mobile cardiac telemetry solutions. As a result, certain commercial payors may refuse to reimburse the technical and professional fees associated with cardiac monitoring solutions such as the one expected to be offered by the Company.

If commercial payors decide not to reimburse physicians or providers for their services during the utilization of our cardiac monitoring solutions, our revenue could fail to materialize or meet our projections.

Reimbursement by Medicare is highly regulated and subject to change; our failure to comply with applicable regulations could decrease our expected revenue and may subject us to penalties or have an adverse impact on our business.

The Medicare program is administered by CMS, which imposes extensive and detailed requirements on medical services providers, including, but not limited to, rules that govern how we structure our relationships with physicians, and how and where we provide our cardiac solutions. Our failure to comply with applicable Medicare rules could result in the inability of physicians to receive reimbursement as they will likely utilize our cardiac monitoring solution under the Medicare payment program.

Consolidation of commercial payors could result in payors eliminating coverage of mobile cardiac monitoring solutions or reducing reimbursement rates.

When payors combine their operations, the combined company may elect to reimburse physicians for cardiac monitoring services at the lowest rate paid by any of the participants in the consolidation. If one of the payors participating in the consolidation does not reimburse for these services at all, the combined company may elect not to reimburse at any rate. Reimbursement rates tend to be lower for larger payors. As a result, as payors consolidate, our expected average reimbursement rate may decline.

Product defects could adversely affect the results of our operations.

The design, manufacture and marketing of our hardware and software products involve certain inherent risks. Manufacturing or design defects, unanticipated use of our products, or inadequate disclosure of risks relating to the use of our products can lead to injury or other adverse events. These events could lead to recalls or safety alerts relating to our products (either voluntary or required by the FDA, or similar governmental authorities in other countries), and could result, in certain cases, in the removal of a product from the market. A recall could result in significant costs, as well as negative publicity and damage to our reputation that could reduce demand for our products. Personal injuries or deaths relating to the use of our products could also result in product liability claims being brought against us. In some circumstances, such adverse events could also cause delays in new product approvals.

Interruptions or delays in telecommunications systems or in the data services provided to us by cellular communication providers or the loss of our wireless or data services could impair the delivery of our cardiac monitoring services.

The success of our cardiac monitoring services will be dependent upon our ability to transmit, store, retrieve, process and manage data and to maintain and upgrade our data processing and communication capabilities. Our monitoring solution relies on a third-party wireless carrier to transmit data over its data network. All data sent by our monitors via this wireless data network is expected to be routed directly to healthcare providers and data centers or third-party ECG monitoring centers. We are therefore dependent upon a third party wireless carrier to provide data transmission services to us.

As we expand our commercial activities, an increased burden is expected to be placed upon our data processing systems and the equipment upon which they rely. Interruptions of our data networks, or the data networks of our wireless carrier, for any extended length of time, loss of stored data or other computer problems could have a material adverse effect on our business and operating results. Frequent or persistent interruptions in our cardiac monitoring services could cause permanent harm to our reputation and could cause current or potential users or prescribing physicians to believe that our systems are unreliable, leading them to switch to our competitors. Such interruptions could result in liability, claims and litigation against us for damages or injuries resulting from the disruption in service.

Our systems are also expected to be vulnerable to damage to or interruption of telecommunication services from earthquakes, floods, fires, power loss, telecommunication failures, terrorist attacks, computer viruses, break-ins, sabotage, and acts of vandalism. Despite any precautions that we may take, the occurrence of a natural disaster or other unanticipated problems could result in lengthy interruptions in these services. We do not carry business interruption insurance to protect against losses that may result from interruptions in service as a result of system failures. Moreover, the communications and information technology industries are subject to rapid and significant changes, and our ability to operate and compete is dependent on our ability to update and enhance the communication technologies used in our systems and services.

Interruptions in computing and data management cloud systems could impair the delivery of our cardiac monitoring services.

The success of our cardiac monitoring services will be dependent upon our ability to perform computing functions associated with our cardiac signal processing algorithms and data management. The diagnostic and monitoring functions rely on the uninterrupted availability of third-party cloud based computational and data management services. Availability of the cloud-based infrastructure is a critical link in our ability to deliver our services and could have a material adverse effect on our business and operating results. Furthermore, loss of data due to catastrophic events at the sites for these cloud based computer systems could cause permanent harm to our customers. These adverse events associated with unavailability of our cloud based computational infrastructure could result in liability, claims and litigation against us for damages or injuries resulting from the disruption in service.

Our systems are also expected to be vulnerable to damage or interruption in cloud computational services from earthquakes, floods, fires, power loss, technical failures, terrorist attacks, computer viruses, break-ins, sabotage, and acts of vandalism. Despite any precautions that we may take, the occurrence of a natural disaster or other unanticipated problems could result in lengthy interruptions in these services.

We could be exposed to significant liability claims if we are unable to obtain insurance at acceptable costs and adequate levels or otherwise protect ourselves against potential product liability claims.

The testing, manufacture, marketing and sale of medical devices entail the inherent risk of liability claims or product recalls. Product liability insurance is expensive and, if available, may not be available on acceptable terms at all periods of time. A successful product liability claim or product recall could inhibit or prevent the successful commercialization of our products, cause a significant financial burden on the Company, or both, which in either case could have a material adverse effect on our business and financial condition.

The results of our research and development efforts are uncertain and there can be no assurance of the commercial success of our products.

We believe that we will need to incur additional research and development expenditures to continue development of our existing proposed products as well as research and development expenditures to develop new products and services. The products and services we are developing and may develop in the future may not be technologically successful. In addition, the length of our product and service development cycle may be greater than we originally expected, and we may experience delays in product development. If our resulting products and services are not technologically successful, they may not achieve market acceptance or compete effectively with our competitors’ products and services.

If we fail to retain certain of our key personnel and attract and retain additional qualified personnel, we might not be able to pursue our growth strategy.

Our future success will depend upon the continued service of Dr. Branislav Vajdic and other key members of management team and our technical contributors. Though no individual is indispensable, the loss of the services of these individuals could have a material adverse effect on our business, operations, revenues or prospects. We do not currently maintain key man life insurance on the lives of these individuals.

We will not be profitable unless we can demonstrate that our products can be manufactured at low prices.

To date, we have focused primarily on research and development of the first versions of our software and hardware products, as well as other technologies we plan to introduce in our eco-system, and their proposed marketing and distribution. Consequently, we have little experience in manufacturing these products on a commercial basis. We plan to manufacture our products through third-party manufacturers. We can offer no assurance that either we or our manufacturing partners will develop efficient, automated, low-cost manufacturing capabilities and processes to meet the quality, price, engineering, design and production standards or production volumes required to successfully mass market our products, especially at the low-cost levels we require to absorb the cost of near free distribution of our products pursuant to our proposed business plan. Even if we or our manufacturing partners are successful in developing such manufacturing capability and processes, we do not know whether we or they will be timely in meeting our product commercialization schedule or the production and delivery requirements of potential customers. A failure to develop such manufacturing processes and capabilities could have a material adverse effect on our business and financial results. If we or our suppliers fail to achieve or maintain regulatory approval of manufacturing facilities, our growth could be limited and our business could be harmed.

In order to maintain compliance with FDA and other regulatory requirements, our development and manufacturing facilities must be periodically re-evaluated and qualified under a quality system to ensure they meet production and quality standards. Suppliers of components and products used to manufacture our devices must also comply with FDA regulatory requirements, which often require significant resources and subject us and our suppliers to potential regulatory inspections and stoppages. If we or our suppliers do not maintain regulatory approval for our manufacturing operations, our business could be adversely affected.

Our dependence on a limited number of suppliers may prevent us from delivering our devices on a timely basis.

We currently rely on a limited number of suppliers of components for our prototype devices. If these suppliers became unable to provide components in the volumes needed or at an acceptable price, we would have to identify and qualify acceptable replacements from alternative sources of supply. The process of qualifying suppliers is lengthy. Delays or interruptions in the supply of our requirements could limit or stop our ability to provide sufficient quantities of devices on a timely basis or meet demand for our devices or services, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We rely significantly on information technology and any failure, inadequacy, or security lapse of that technology, including any cybersecurity incidents, could harm us.

We believe that companies have been increasingly subject to a wide variety of security incidents, cyberattacks and other attempts to gain unauthorized access. These threats can come from a variety of sources, ranging in sophistication from an individual hacker to a state-sponsored attack. Cyber threats may be generic, or they may be custom-crafted against our information systems. Over the past few years, cyber-attacks have become more prevalent and much harder to detect and defend against. Several key areas of our business depend on the use of information technologies, including production, manufacturing, marketing, and logistics, as well as clinical and regulatory matters. We also utilize systems that allow for the secure storage and transmission of proprietary or confidential information regarding our customers, employees, and others, including personal information. Despite our efforts to prevent such behavior, third parties may nonetheless attempt to hack into our systems and obtain data relating to our pre-clinical studies, clinical trials, patients using our VCG technology and our ECG collection device or other information relating to us or our business. If we fail to maintain or protect our information systems and data integrity effectively, we could have problems in determining product cost estimates and establishing appropriate pricing, have difficulty preventing, detecting, and controlling fraud, have disputes with physicians, and other health care professionals, have regulatory sanctions or penalties imposed, have increases in operating expenses, incur expenses or lose revenues as a result of a data privacy breach, or suffer other adverse consequences and reputational damages. While we have invested in the protection of data and information technology, there can be no assurance that our efforts or those of our third-party collaborators, if any, or manufacturers, to implement adequate security and quality measures for data processing would be sufficient to protect against data deterioration or loss in the event of a system malfunction, or to prevent data from being stolen or corrupted in the event of a security breach. Any such loss or breach could harm our business, operating results, and financial condition. For a discussion of our management of cybersecurity risks, see Item 1C, "Cybersecurity-Risk Management" and "Governance."

Wecannot provide assurances that in the future there will be no weaknesses in our internal controls and that they will be effectively remediated if any were to occur in the future.

As a public company, we are subject to the reporting requirements of the Exchange Act, and the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. We expect that the requirements of these rules and regulations will continue to increase our legal, accounting and financial compliance costs, make some activities more difficult, time consuming and costly, and place significant strain on our personnel, systems and resources. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act requires, among other things, that we maintain effective disclosure controls and procedures, and internal controls over financial reporting.

Our current controls and any new controls that we develop may become inadequate because of changes in conditions in our business. Further, weaknesses in our disclosure controls or our internal control over financial reporting may be discovered in the future. Any failure to develop or maintain effective controls, or any difficulties encountered in their implementation or improvement, could harm our operating results or cause us to fail to meet our reporting obligations and may result in a restatement of our financial statements for prior periods. Any failure to implement and maintain effective internal control over financial reporting could also adversely affect the results of management reports and independent registered public accounting firm audits of our internal control over financial reporting that we will eventually be required to include in our periodic reports that will be filed with the SEC. Ineffective disclosure controls and procedures, and internal control over financial reporting could also cause investors to lose confidence in our reported financial and other information, which would likely have a negative effect on the market price of our common stock.

Our independent registered public accounting firm is not required to audit the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting until after we are no longer an "emerging growth company” as defined in the JOBS Act and meet other requirements. At such time, our independent registered public accounting firm may issue a report that is adverse in the event it is not satisfied with the level at which our internal control over financial reporting is documented, designed or operating. Any failure to maintain effective disclosure controls and internal control over financial reporting could have a material and adverse effect on our business and operating results, and cause a decline in the market price of our common stock.

Risks Related to Economic Conditions

We maintain our cash at financial institutions, often in balances that exceed federally insured limits.

Our cash is held in accounts at U.S. banking institutions that we believe are of high quality. Cash held in non-interest-bearing and interest-bearing operating accounts may exceed the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) insurance limits. If such banking institutions were to fail, we could lose all or a portion of those amounts held in excess of such insurance limitations.

Changes in tax laws or regulations may increase tax uncertainty and adversely affect results of our operations and our effective tax rate.

We are subject to taxes in the United States and in the future expect to be subject to certain foreign jurisdictions. Due to economic and political conditions, tax rates in various jurisdictions, including the United States, may be subject to change. Our future effective tax rates could be affected by changes in the mix of earnings in countries with differing statutory tax rates, changes in the valuation of deferred tax assets and liabilities and changes in tax laws or their interpretation. In addition, we may be subject to income tax audits by various tax jurisdictions. Although we believe our income tax liabilities are reasonably estimated and accounted for in accordance with applicable laws and principles, an adverse resolution by one or more taxing authorities could have a material impact on the results of our operations.

Escalating global trade tensions, the Russia and Ukraine war, the Israel-Hamas war, the adoption or expansion of tariffs and trade restrictions and economic disruption and uncertainty resulting therefrom could negatively impact us.

The Russia and Ukraine war and Israel-Hamas war could lead to disruption, instability and volatility in global markets and industries that could negatively impact our operations and could adversely affect our business and/or our supply chain, business partners or customers in other countries beyond Russia and Ukraine. The U.S. government and other governments in jurisdictions in which we operate have imposed severe sanctions and export controls against Russia and Russian interests and threatened additional sanctions and controls. It is not possible to predict the broader consequences of this conflict, which could include sanctions, embargoes, regional instability, geopolitical shifts and adverse effects on macroeconomic conditions, currency exchange rates and financial markets. The impact of these measures, as well as potential responses to them by Russia, is currently unknown and they could adversely affect our business, supply chain, partners or customers. More specifically, while it is difficult to anticipate the impact the sanctions announced to date may have on our Research and Development team is largely based in Belgrade, Serbia any further sanctions imposed or actions taken by the U.S. or other countries, and any retaliatory measures by Russia in response, such as restrictions on energy supplies from Russia to countries in the region, could increase our costs, reduce our sales and earnings or otherwise have an adverse effect on our operations.

Natural disasters and other events beyond our control could materially adversely affect us.

Natural disasters or other catastrophic events may cause damage or disruption to our operations, international commerce and the global economy, and thus could have a strong negative effect on us. Our business operations are subject to interruption by natural disasters, fire, power shortages, pandemics and other events beyond our control. Such events could make it difficult or impossible for us to deliver our products and services to our customers and could decrease demand for our products and services.

Our business and operations, and the operations of our suppliers and customers, have been, and may in the future be adversely affected by epidemics, pandemics or other public health crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak.

We may face risks related to health epidemics and pandemics or other outbreaks of communicable diseases. The COVID-19 pandemic and governments’ measures taken in response had a significant adverse impact, both direct and indirect, on our business and on the broader economy. We may in the future experience, weakened demand from certain customers as a result of a public health crisis, which could adversely affect our revenues. For example, healthcare providers have, at times, deferred elective medical procedures in order to focus on combating the COVID-19 pandemic, which significantly reduced demand for certain of our medical products.

We also faced difficulty sourcing some materials and components necessary to fulfill our developmental requirements due to suppliers’ capacity constraints and shipping and transportation disruptions during the COVID-19 pandemic. These disruptions adversely affected our ability to meet our schedules. If we are not able to mitigate similar disruptions effectively in future epidemics, pandemics or other public health crisis, our ability to manufacture our products or meet our customers’ schedules would be adversely affected, possibly materially, and our business could be harmed. In addition, efforts to find alternate sources of supply may increase our costs or lower the quality of our product, which could negatively affect our profitability, financial condition and business.

Risks Related to Our Industry

The industry in which we operate is highly competitive and subject to rapid technological change. If our competitors are better able to develop and market products that are safer, more effective, less costly, easier to use, or are otherwise more attractive, we may be unable to compete effectively with other companies.

The medical technology industry is characterized by intense competition and rapid technological change, and we will face competition on the basis of product features, clinical outcomes, price, services and other factors. Competitors may include large medical device and other companies, some of which have significantly greater financial and marketing resources than we do, and firms that are more specialized than we are with respect to particular markets. Our competition may respond more quickly to new or emerging technologies, undertake more extensive marketing campaigns, have greater financial, marketing and other resources than ours or may be more successful in attracting potential customers, employees and strategic partners.

Our competitive position will depend on multiple, complex factors, including our ability to achieve regulatory clearance and market acceptance for our products, develop new products, implement production and marketing plans, secure regulatory approvals for products under development and protect our intellectual property. In some instances, competitors may also offer, or may attempt to develop, alternative systems that may be delivered without a medical device or with a medical device superior to ours. The development of new or improved products, processes or technologies by other companies may render our products or proposed products obsolete or less competitive. The entry into the market of manufacturers located in low-cost manufacturing locations may also create pricing pressure, particularly in developing markets. Our future success depends, among other things, upon our ability to compete effectively against current technology, as well as to respond effectively to technological advances or changing regulatory requirements, and upon our ability to successfully implement our marketing strategies and execute our research and development plan. Our research and development efforts are aimed, in part, at solving increasingly complex problems, as well as creating new technologies, and we do not expect that all of our projects will be successful. If our research and development efforts are unsuccessful, our future results of operations could be materially harmed.

We face competition from other medical device companies that focus on similar markets.

We face competition from other companies that have longer operating histories and may have greater name recognition and substantially greater financial, technical and marketing resources than us. Many of these companies also have FDA or other applicable governmental approval to market and sell their products, and more extensive customer bases, broader customer relationships and broader industry alliances than us, including relationships with many of our potential customers. Increased competition from any of these sources could result in our failure to achieve and maintain an adequate level of customers and market share to support the cost of our operations.

Unsuccessful clinical trials or procedures relating to products under development could have a material adverse effect on our prospects.

The regulatory approval process for new products and new indications for existing products requires extensive clinical trials and procedures, including early clinical experiences and regulatory studies. Unfavorable or inconsistent clinical data from current or future clinical trials or procedures conducted by us, our competitors, or third parties, or perceptions regarding this clinical data, could adversely affect our ability to obtain necessary approvals and the market’s view of our future prospects. Such clinical trials and procedures are inherently uncertain and there can be no assurance that these trials or procedures will be completed in a timely or cost- effective manner or result in a commercially viable product. Failure to successfully complete these trials or procedures in a timely and cost-effective manner could have a material adverse effect on our prospects. Clinical trials or procedures may experience significant setbacks even after earlier trials have shown promising results. Further, preliminary results from clinical trials or procedures may be contradicted by subsequent clinical analysis. In addition, results from our already completed clinical trials or procedures may not be supported by actual long-term studies or clinical experience. If preliminary clinical results are later contradicted, or if initial results cannot be supported by actual long-term studies or clinical experience, our business could be adversely affected. Clinical trials or procedures may be suspended or terminated by us, the FDA or other regulatory authorities at any time if it is believed that the trial participants face unacceptable health risks.

Intellectual property litigation and infringement claims could cause us to incur significant expenses or prevent us from selling certain of our products.

The medical device industry in which we operate is characterized by extensive intellectual property litigation and, from time to time, we might be the subject of claims by third parties of potential infringement or misappropriation. Regardless of outcome, such claims are expensive to defend and divert the time and effort of our management and operating personnel from other business issues. A successful claim or claims of patent or other intellectual property infringement against us could result in our payment of significant monetary damages and/or royalty payments, or it could negatively impact our ability to sell current or future products in the affected category and could have a material adverse effect on business, cash flows, financial condition or results of operations.

If we are unable to protect the confidentiality of our trade secrets, our business and competitive position would be harmed.

In addition to obtaining intellectual property protections we rely on trade secrets, including unpatented know-how, technology and other proprietary information, to maintain our competitive position. We will seek to protect these trade secrets, in part, by entering into non-disclosure and confidentiality agreements with parties who have access to them, such as our employees, corporate collaborators, outside scientific collaborators, contract manufacturers, consultants, advisors and other third parties. We will seek to protect our confidential proprietary information, in part, by entering into confidentiality and invention or intellectual property assignment agreements with our employees and consultants. Moreover, to the extent we enter into such agreements, any of these parties may breach the agreements and disclose our proprietary information, including our trade secrets, and we may not be able to obtain adequate remedies for such breaches. Enforcing a claim that a party illegally disclosed or misappropriated a trade secret is difficult, expensive and time-consuming, and the outcome is unpredictable. In addition, some courts inside and outside the United States are less willing or unwilling to protect trade secrets. If any of our trade secrets were to be lawfully obtained or independently developed by a competitor, we would have no right to prevent them, or those to whom they communicate it, from using that technology or information to compete with us. If any of our trade secrets were to be disclosed to or independently developed by a competitor, our competitive position would be harmed. In general, any loss of trade secret protection or other unpatented proprietary rights could harm our business, results of operations and financial condition.

If we are unable to protect our proprietary rights, or if we infringe on the proprietary rights of others, our competitiveness and business prospects may be materially damaged.

We have filed for and were granted a number of utility patents in the U.S as well as through PCT covering international markets. We will continue to seek patent protection for our inventions and may seek patent protection for our proprietary designs if warranted. Seeking patent protection is a lengthy and costly process, and there can be no assurance that patents will be issued from any pending applications, or that any claims allowed from existing or pending patents will be sufficiently broad or strong to protect our designs or our proprietary technology. There is also no guarantee that any patents we hold will not be challenged, invalidated or circumvented, or that the patent rights granted will provide competitive advantages to us. Our competitors have developed and may continue to develop and obtain patents for technologies that are similar or superior to our technologies. In addition, the laws of foreign jurisdictions in which we develop, manufacture or sell our products may not protect our intellectual property rights to the same extent, as do the laws the United States.

Adverse outcomes in legal disputes regarding patent and other intellectual property rights could result in the loss of our intellectual property rights, subject us to significant liabilities to third parties, require us to seek licenses from third parties on terms that may not be reasonable or favorable to us, prevent us from manufacturing, importing or selling our products, or compel us to redesign our products to avoid infringing third parties’ intellectual property. As a result, we may be required to incur substantial costs to prosecute, enforce or defend our intellectual property rights if they are challenged. Any of these circumstances could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and resources or results of operations.

Dependence on our proprietary rights and failing to protect such rights or to be successful in litigation related to such rights may result in our payment of significant monetary damages or impact offerings in our product portfolios.

Our long-term success largely depends on our ability to market technologically competitive products. If we fail to obtain or maintain adequate intellectual property protection, we may not be able to prevent third parties from using our proprietary technologies or may lose access to technologies critical to our products. Also, our currently pending industrial design patent or any future patents applications may not result in issued patents, and issued patents are subject to claims concerning priority, scope and other issues.

Furthermore, to the extent we do not file applications for patents domestically or internationally, we may not be able to prevent third parties from using our proprietary technologies or may lose access to technologies critical to our products in other countries.

Enforcement of federal and state laws regarding privacy and security of patient information may adversely affect our business, financial condition or operations.

The use and disclosure of certain health care information by health care providers and their business associates have come under increasing public scrutiny. Recent federal standards under the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996, or HIPAA, establish rules concerning how individually-identifiable health information may be used, disclosed and protected. Historically, state law has governed confidentiality issues, and HIPAA preserves these laws to the extent they are more protective of a patient’s privacy or provide the patient with more access to his or her health information. As a result of the implementation of the HIPAA regulations, many states are considering revisions to their existing laws and regulations that may or may not be more stringent or burdensome than the federal HIPAA provisions. We must operate our business in a manner that complies with all applicable laws, both federal and state, and that does not jeopardize the ability of our customers to comply with all applicable laws. We believe that our operations are consistent with these legal standards. Nevertheless, these laws and regulations present risks for health care providers and their business associates that provide services to patients in multiple states. Because these laws and regulations are recent, and few have been interpreted by government regulators or courts, our interpretations of these laws and regulations may be incorrect. If a challenge to our activities is successful, it could have an adverse effect on our operations, may require us to forego relationships with customers in certain states and may restrict the territory available to us to expand our business. In addition, even if our interpretations of HIPAA and other federal and state laws and regulations are correct, we could be held liable for unauthorized uses or disclosures of patient information as a result of inadequate systems and controls to protect this information or as a result of the theft of information by unauthorized computer programmers who penetrate our network security. Enforcement of these laws against us could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We may become subject, directly or indirectly, to federal and state health care fraud and abuse laws and regulations and if we are unable to fully comply with such laws, the Company could face substantial penalties.

Although not affected at this time, our operations may in the future become directly or indirectly affected by various broad state and federal health care fraud and abuse laws, including the Federal Healthcare Programs’ Anti-Kickback Statute and the Stark law, which among other things, prohibits a physician from referring Medicare and Medicaid patients to an entity with which the physician has a financial relationship, subject to certain exceptions. If our future operations are found to be in violation of these laws, we or our officers may be subject to civil or criminal penalties, including large monetary penalties, damages, fines, imprisonment and exclusion from Medicare and Medicaid program participation. If enforcement action were to occur, our business and results of operations could be adversely affected.

We may be subject to federal and state false claims laws which impose substantial penalties.

Many of the physicians and patients whom we expect to use our services will file claims for reimbursement with government programs such as Medicare and Medicaid. As a result, we may be subject to the federal False Claims Act if we knowingly “cause” the filing of false claims. Violations may result in substantial civil penalties, including treble damages. The federal False Claims Act also contains “whistleblower” or “qui tam” provisions that allow private individuals to bring actions on behalf of the government alleging that the defendant has defrauded the government. In recent years, the number of suits brought in the medical industry by private individuals has increased dramatically. Various states have enacted laws modeled after the federal False Claims Act, including “qui tam” provisions, and some of these laws apply to claims filed with commercial insurers. We are unable to predict whether we could be subject to actions under the federal False Claims Act, or the impact of such actions. However, the costs of defending claims under the False Claims Act, as well as sanctions imposed under the False Claims Act, could adversely affect our results of operations.

Risks Related To Common Stock

The price of our Common Stock and Warrants may be subject to wide fluctuations.

A consistently active trading market for our Common Stock and Warrants does not exist and may not develop or be maintained. You may not be able to sell your shares quickly or at the current market price if trading in our stock is not active. You may lose all or a part of your investment. The market price of our Common Stock and Warrants may be highly volatile and subject to wide fluctuations in response to a variety of factors and risks, many of which are beyond our control. In addition to the risks noted elsewhere in this prospectus, some of the other factors affecting our stock price may include:

•variations in our operating results;

•announcements by us or our competitors of significant contracts, acquisitions, strategic partnerships, joint ventures or capital commitments;

•announcements by third parties of significant claims or proceedings against us;

•future sales of our Common Stock or other equity securities;

•any delay in our regulatory filings for our product and any adverse development or perceived adverse development with respect to the applicable regulatory authority’s review of such filings, including without limitation the FDA’s issuance of a “refusal to file” letter or a request for additional information;

•adverse results or delays in clinical trials;

•our decision to initiate a clinical trial, not to initiate a clinical trial or to terminate an existing clinical trial;

•adverse regulatory decisions, including failure to receive regulatory approval of our product;

•changes in laws or regulations applicable to our products, including but not limited to clinical trial requirements for approvals;

•adverse developments concerning our manufacturers;

•our inability to obtain adequate product supply for any approved product or inability to do so at acceptable prices;

•our inability to establish collaborations if needed;

•additions or departures of key scientific or management personnel;

•introduction of new products or services offered by us or our competitors;

•announcements of significant acquisitions, strategic partnerships, joint ventures or capital commitments by us or our competitors;

•our ability to effectively manage our growth;

•the size and growth of our initial target markets;

•our ability to successfully treat additional types of indications or at different stages;

•actual or anticipated variations in annual and quarterly operating results;

•our cash position;

•our failure to meet the estimates and projections of the investment community or that we may otherwise provide to the public;

•publication of research reports about us or our industry, or positive or negative recommendations or withdrawal of research coverage by securities analysts;

•changes in the market valuations of similar companies;

•overall performance of the equity markets;

•sales of our Common Stock by our stockholders in the future;

•trading volume of our Common Stock;

•changes in accounting practices;

•ineffectiveness of our internal controls;

•disputes or other developments relating to proprietary rights, including patents, litigation matters and our ability to obtain patent protection for our or our licensee’s technologies;

•significant lawsuits, including patent or stockholder litigation;

•general political and economic conditions, including war and its unknown impact on our Serbia development team; and

•other events or factors, many of which are beyond our control.

We are an “emerging growth company,” and any decision on our part to comply with certain reduced disclosure requirements

We are an “emerging growth company” as defined in the JOBS Act, and, for as long as we continue to be an emerging growth company, we may choose to take advantage of exemptions from various reporting requirements applicable to other public companies including, but (i) not limited to, not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, (ii) not being required to comply with any new requirements adopted by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (the “PCAOB”), requiring mandatory audit firm rotation or a supplement to the auditor’s report in which the auditor would be required to provide additional information about the audit and the financial statements of the issuer, (iii) not being required to comply with any new audit rules adopted by the PCAOB after April 5, 2012 unless the SEC determines otherwise, (iv) reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in our periodic reports and proxy statements, and (v) exemptions from the requirements of holding a nonbinding advisory vote on executive compensation and stockholder approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved.

We could remain an emerging growth company until the earlier of: (i) the last day of the fiscal year in which we have total annual gross revenues of $1.24 billion or more; (ii) the last day of our fiscal year following the fifth anniversary of the date of our first sale of common equity securities pursuant to an effective registration statement; (iii) the date on which we have issued more than $1.0 billion in nonconvertible debt during the previous three years; or (iv) the date on which we are deemed to be a large accelerated filer. We cannot predict if investors will find our securities less attractive if we choose to rely on these exemptions. If some investors find our securities less attractive as a result of any choices to reduce future disclosure, there may be a less active trading market for our securities and our stock price may be more volatile. Further, as a result of these scaled regulatory requirements, our disclosure may be more limited than that of other public companies and you may not have the same protections afforded to stockholders of such companies.

Section 107 of the JOBS Act also provides that an emerging growth company can take advantage of the extended transition period provided in Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), for complying with new or revised accounting standards. We have opted for taking advantage of the extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards pursuant to Section 107(b) of the Jobs Act.

We are a smaller reporting company, and we cannot be certain if the reduced reporting requirements applicable to smaller reporting companies will make our common stock less attractive to investors.

We are a smaller reporting company under Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. For as long as we continue to be a smaller reporting company, we may take advantage of exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not smaller reporting companies, including reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in our periodic reports and proxy statements. We cannot predict if investors will find our common stock less attractive because we may rely on smaller reporting company exemptions. If some investors find our common stock less attractive as a result, there may be a less active trading market for our common stock, and our stock price may be more volatile.

Future sales and issuances of our Common Stock or rights to purchase Common Stock, including pursuant to our equity incentive plans and other equity securities could result in dilution of the percentage ownership of our stockholders and could cause our stock price to fall.

We expect that significant additional capital may be needed in the future to continue our planned operations, including conducting clinical trials, commercialization efforts, expanded research and development activities and costs associated with operating a public company. To raise capital, we may sell Common Stock or other equity securities in one or more transactions at prices and in a manner we determine from time to time. If we sell Common Stock or other equity securities, investors may be materially diluted by subsequent sales. Such sales may also result in material dilution to our existing stockholders, and new investors could gain rights, preferences and privileges senior to the holders of our Common Stock. Our Certificate of Incorporation authorizes the issuance of 100,000,000 shares of Common Stock and 10,000,000 shares of Preferred Stock. Initially, the aggregate number of shares of our Common Stock that may be issued pursuant to stock awards under our 2022 Equity Incentive Plan (“2022 Plan”) is 1,900,000 shares, increased to 5,900,000 shares at the 2023 annual shareholders’ meeting and subsequently increased to 8,900,000 shares at the 2024 annual shareholders’ meeting. As of December 31, 2024, there are 2,167,562 shares available for issuance under the 2022 Plan. The number of shares available for issuance under the 2022 Plan will be increased on the first day of each fiscal year beginning with the 2023 fiscal year by five percent (5%) of the total number of shares of common stock outstanding on the last day of the immediately preceding fiscal year as defined in the Plan. Further increases in the number of shares available for future grant or purchase may result in additional dilution, which could cause our stock price to decline.

Nasdaq Capital Market, may delist our Common Stock if we fail to comply with ongoing listing standards.

Nasdaq Capital Market requires us to meet certain financial, public float, bid price and liquidity standards on an ongoing basis in order to continue the listing of our Common Stock and Warrants. If we fail to meet these continued listing requirements, our Common Stock or Warrants may be subject to delisting. If our Common Stock or Warrants are delisted and we are not able to list such Common Stock and Warrants on another national securities exchange, we expect our securities would be quoted on an over-the-counter market; However, if this were to occur, our stockholders could face significant material adverse consequences, including limited availability of market quotations for our Common Stock and Warrants and reduced liquidity for the trading of our securities. In addition, in the event of such delisting, we could experience a decreased ability to issue additional securities and obtain additional financing in the future.

If securities or industry analysts do not publish research or publish inaccurate or unfavorable research about our business, our stock price and trading volume could decline.

The trading market for our Common Stock will depend in part on the research and reports that securities or industry analysts publish about us or our business. If one or more of the analysts who covers us downgrades our stock or publishes inaccurate or unfavorable research about our business, our stock price may decline. If one or more of these analysts ceases coverage of our Company or fails to publish reports on us regularly, demand for our stock could decrease, which might cause our stock price and trading volume to decline.

Our need for future financing may result in the issuance of additional securities which will cause investors to experience dilution.

Our cash requirements may vary from those now planned depending upon numerous factors, including the result of future research and development activities, our ability to estimate future expenses and acceptance of our products in the market.

There are no significant commitments for future financing of the commercial phase of our Product and other future products. In the future, our securities may be offered to other investors at a price lower than the price per share paid by our investors, or upon terms which may be deemed more favorable than previously offered. In addition, the issuance of securities in any future financing using our securities may dilute an investor’s equity ownership. Moreover, we may issue other equity securities with derivative features to procure qualified personnel or for other business reasons. The issuance of any such derivative securities, which is at the discretion of our board of directors, may further dilute the equity ownership of our stockholders. No assurance can be given as to our ability to procure additional financing, if required, and on terms deemed favorable to us. To the extent additional capital is required and cannot be raised successfully, we may then have to limit our then current operations and/or may have to curtail certain, if not all, of our business objectives and plans.

If our shares become subject to the penny stock rules, it would become more difficult to trade our shares.

The SEC has adopted regulations, which generally define “penny stock” to be an equity security that has a market price of less than $5.00 per share, subject to specific exemptions. The market price of our Common Stock is less than $5.00 per share and therefore may be a “penny stock.” Brokers and dealers effecting transactions in “penny stock” must disclose certain information concerning the transaction, obtain a written agreement from the purchaser and determine that the purchaser is reasonably suitable to purchase the securities. These rules may restrict the ability of brokers or dealers to sell our Common Stock and may affect your ability to sell shares of our Common Stock in the future.

Liability of directors for breach of duty is limited under Delaware law.

Our certificate of incorporation limits the liability of directors to the maximum extent permitted by Delaware law. Delaware law provides that directors of a corporation will not be personally liable for monetary damages for breach of their fiduciary duties as directors, except for liability for any:

•breach of their duty of loyalty to us or our stockholders;

•act or omission not in good faith or that involves intentional misconduct or a knowing violation of law;

•unlawful payments of dividends or unlawful stock repurchases or redemptions as provided in Section 174 of the Delaware General Corporation Law; or

•transaction from which the directors derived an improper personal benefit.

These limitations of liability do not apply to liabilities arising under the federal or state securities laws and do not affect the availability of equitable remedies such as injunctive relief or rescission.

Our bylaws provide that we will indemnify for our directors and officers to the fullest extent permitted by law, and may indemnify employees and other agents. Our bylaws also provide that we are obligated to advance expenses incurred by a director or officer in advance of the final disposition of any action or proceeding.

We entered into separate indemnification agreements with our directors and officers. These agreements, among other things, require us to indemnify our directors and officers for any and all expenses (including reasonable attorneys’ fees, retainers, court costs, transcript costs, fees of experts, witness fees, travel expenses, duplicating costs, printing and binding costs, telephone charges, postage, delivery service fees) judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement actually and reasonably incurred by such directors or officers or on his or her behalf in connection with any action or proceeding arising out of their services as one of our directors or officers, or any of our subsidiaries or any other company or enterprise to which the person provides services at our request provided that such person follows the procedures for determining entitlement to indemnification and advancement of expenses set forth in the indemnification agreement. We believe that these bylaw provisions and indemnification agreements are necessary to attract and retain qualified persons as directors and officers.

The limitation of liability and indemnification provisions in our certificate of incorporation and bylaws may discourage stockholders from bringing a lawsuit against directors for breach of their fiduciary duties. They may also reduce the likelihood of derivative litigation against directors and officers, even though an action, if successful, might provide a benefit to us and our stockholders. Our results of operations and financial condition may be harmed to the extent we pay the costs of settlement and damage awards against directors and officers pursuant to these indemnification provisions.

In so far as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted to directors, officers or persons controlling us, we have been informed that, in the opinion of the SEC, such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is therefore unenforceable.

At present, there is no pending litigation or proceeding involving any of our directors or officers as to which indemnification is required or permitted, and we are not aware of any threatened litigation or proceeding that may result in a claim for indemnification.

We do not anticipate paying any cash dividends on our Common Stock in the foreseeable future and, as such, capital appreciation, if any, of our Common Stock will be your sole source of gain for the foreseeable future.

We do not anticipate paying any cash dividends on our Common Stock in the foreseeable future. We currently intend to retain all available funds and any future earnings to fund the development and growth of our business. In addition, and any future loan arrangements we enter into may contain, terms prohibiting or limiting the amount of dividends that may be

declared or paid on our Common Stock. As a result, capital appreciation, if any, of our Common Stock will be your sole source of gain for the foreseeable future.

Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments

None

Item 1C. Cybersecurity

Cybersecurity Risk Management

In the ordinary course of our business, we use, store, and process data including data of our employees, partners, collaborators, and vendors. We also have implemented advanced data protection measures, including encryption, data masking, and secure data storage solutions, to protect patient data and other sensitive information from unauthorized access or disclosure. We are in the process of implementing a cybersecurity risk management program that is evolving to identify, assess, and manage cybersecurity risks associated with our digital healthcare technologies and operations. This encompasses continuously enhancing our safeguarding measures for proprietary ECG telemedicine technology, cloud-based software, and sensitive health data from cyber threats, ensuring compliance with relevant healthcare and data protection regulations, and actively maintaining the integrity, availability, and confidentiality of patient and company information.

Our cybersecurity risk management program includes a number of components, such as ongoing information security program assessments and continuous monitoring of critical risks from cybersecurity threats using automated tools. We leverage a combination of internal and external resources to continuously update our intelligence about emerging cybersecurity threats. This includes subscribing to threat intelligence feeds, participating in industry-specific security forums, and collaborating with cybersecurity organizations. We also employ state-of-the-art automated security systems that are regularly updated to recognize and respond to the latest cybersecurity threats. Automated alerts notify our security team of potential threats in real-time, enabling rapid assessment and response. Additionally, we have implemented an employee education program that is regularly updated to raise awareness of cybersecurity threats, including phishing awareness, secure password practices, and the proper handling of sensitive information. This training is included during the employee onboarding process and is revisited periodically. As part of our cybersecurity risk management program, we maintain processes to assess and review the cybersecurity practices of third-party vendors on an ongoing basis. Prior to engaging third-party vendors, all vendors are subjected to rigorous security assessments before engagement and are regularly re-assessed, and, as appropriate, include cybersecurity requirements in contracts. We, like other companies in our industry, face a number of cybersecurity risks in connection with our business. Although our business strategy, results of operations, and financial condition have not, to date, been materially affected by risks from cybersecurity threats, including as a result of previously identified cybersecurity incidents, we have, from time to time, experienced threats to and security incidents related to our data and systems, including phishing attacks. For more information on our cybersecurity related risks, see “Risk Factors-We rely significantly on information technology and any failure, inadequacy, or security lapse of that technology, including any cybersecurity incidents, could harm us.”

Governance

Under the ultimate direction of our Chief Executive Officer (CEO), our management team, including our President, Director of Platform IT and Chief System Deployment Officer (CSDO), and Vice President of Regulatory Affairs, along with oversight from our Audit Committee of the Board of Directors, is tasked with the continuous assessment, operation, and management of our cybersecurity threat management program. Our CTO leads the ongoing development of the Company's cybersecurity program, oversees the implementation of cybersecurity measures, and manages the response to cybersecurity incidents. The Director of Platform IT and CISO meets periodically with our Vice President of Regulatory Affairs to discuss the evolving cybersecurity landscape and our cybersecurity risk management program, including providing updates regarding the sources and nature of critical risks we face and how the IT department assesses those risks, including the likelihood of such risks, the severity of impact, and the progress on vulnerability remediation.

Our Director of Platform IT and CISO regularly consults with other members of our information technology department, and with third parties with expertise in cybersecurity, to develop strategies to assess, address and align our continuous cybersecurity efforts with our business objectives and operational requirements.The Director of Platform IT and CISO role is currently held by an individual who has over 12 years of experience with information security and business systems, including digital infrastructure and cybersecurity.

As part of our Board of Directors’, or Board’s, enterprise risk management program, our Board has responsibility for oversight of cybersecurity risk management. Our Board has delegated to our Audit Committee oversight of our cybersecurity risk management program, including oversight of information security and cybersecurity threats and related compliance and disclosure requirements.On a quarterly basis, our finance team provides an update to our Audit Committee regarding our cybersecurity risk management program, including as relates to critical cybersecurity risks, ongoing cybersecurity initiatives and strategies, and applicable regulatory requirements and industry standards. The Audit Committee periodically reports on cybersecurity risk management to the full Board of Directors.

Item 2. Properties

Our headquarters are located at 2118 Walsh Avenue, Suite 210, Santa Clara, CA 95050 which we lease pursuant to a monthly lease agreement entered into in May 2019 by our founder Branislav Vajdic. The terms of the lease are month to month and either party can terminate with one months’ notice. We terminated this lease effective on January 11, 2024, and entered into a new lease in name of the Company with the same landlord. The new lease commenced on February 1, 2024, for initial period of 3 years

We believe that the facilities described above are suitable and adequate for our present purposes and needs in the near future.

Item 3. Legal Proceedings.

There are no actions, suits, proceedings, inquiries or investigation before or by any court, public board, government agency, self-regulatory organization or body pending or, to the knowledge of the executive officers of our Company or any of our subsidiaries, threatened against or affecting our Company, our Common Stock, any of our officers or directors in their capacities as such, in which an adverse decision could have a material adverse effect.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable

Part II

Item 5. Market for Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

Market Information

Our common stock and warrants are traded on the NASDAQ Capital Market under the symbols “BEAT” and “BEATW”, respectively. The closing price of our common stock and warrants on the Nasdaq Capital Market on March 11, 2025 was $2.09 and $0.57 respectively.

Use of Proceeds

Not Applicable

Holders of Record

As of March 11, 2025, there were approximately 56 holders of record of our common stock. As our shares of common stock are held by brokers and other institutions on behalf of stockholders, we are unable to estimate the total number of stockholders represented by these record holders.

Dividend Policy

We have not paid any cash dividends on our common stock to date. The payment of dividends in the future will be contingent upon our revenues and earnings, if any, capital requirements and general financial condition, and will be within the discretion of our then-existing board of directors.

Transfer Agent, Warrant Agent and Registrar

Our transfer agent and registrar for our common stock and warrant agent for our warrants is VStock Transfer, LLC.

Performance Graph and Purchases of Equity Securities

We are a smaller reporting company as defined by Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act and are not required to provide the

information required under this item.

Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities

The following sets forth information regarding all unregistered securities sold by the registrant in the three years preceding the date of this Annual Report on Form 10-K;

•On January 14, 2022, we issued 78,025 shares of Common Stock to a consulting firm for services that were related to the IPO.

•On February 28, 2023 we entered into a securities purchase agreement and a note purchase agreement, each as amended March 7, 2023 (“SPA”, “NPA” or together “Agreements”) with Maverick Capital Partners, LLC (“Maverick” or “Investor”). Pursuant to the terms of the Agreements, as amended, we agreed to sell up to $4,000,000 of our common stock at 75% of the average calculated Volume Weighted Average Price (“VWAP”) per share during a Drawdown Pricing Period as defined in the Agreements. We issued a $500,000 Convertible Note to the Investor pursuant to the NPA. On March 9, 2023 the Convertible Note was settled upon the execution of a SPA and related issuance of 0.2 million shares of common stock pursuant to the SPA drawdown notice dated March 7, 2023. The 0.2 million shares of common stock were registered under our registration statement on Form S-3 dated February 10, 2023 and the related prospectus supplement dated March 9, 2023.

These issuances were made in reliance on an exemption from registration set forth in Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act, as transactions by an issuer not involving a public offering.

Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers

There were no issuer purchases of equity securities during the year ended December 31, 2024.

Equity Compensation Plan Information

On August 12, 2015 we adopted the HeartBeam, Inc. 2015 Equity Incentive Plan ("2015 Plan"), the 2015 Plan provided for the grant of stock options and RSUs to purchase common stock of which 1,636,362 were authorized by the board, of 876,797 are outstanding as of December 31, 2024. At the Annual Stockholder meeting held on June 15, 2022 the 2015 Plan was terminated upon stockholder approval of the 2022 Equity Incentive Plan (“2022 Plan”) whereby no new awards can be issued under the 2015 Plan. Initially, the aggregate number of shares of our Common Stock that may be issued pursuant to stock awards under our 2022 Plan was 1,900,000 shares, which increased to 5,900,000 at the 2023 annual shareholders’ meeting and subsequently increased to 8,900,000 shares at the 2024 annual shareholders’ meeting. As of December 31, 2024, there are 2,167,562 shares available for issuance under the 2022 Plan. The number of shares available for issuance under the 2022 Plan will be increased on the first day of each fiscal year beginning with the 2023 fiscal year by five percent (5%) of the total number of shares of common stock outstanding on the last day of the immediately preceding fiscal year as defined in the 2022 Plan.

The principal provisions of our equity compensation plan is summarized below.

Administration

The plan generally is administered by our Board of Directors. The Board of Directors will have authority to establish rules and regulations for the proper administration of our equity incentive plan, to select the employees, directors and consultants to whom awards are granted, and to set the date of grant, the type of award and the other terms and conditions of the awards, consistent with the terms of the 2022 Plan.

Eligibility

Persons eligible to participate in the 2022 Plan include all of our officers, employees, directors and consultants.

Awards

The 2022 Plan provides for the grant of: (i) incentive stock options; (ii) nonstatutory stock options; (iii) stock appreciation rights; (iv) restricted stock; and (v) other stock-based and cash-based awards to eligible individuals. The terms of the awards will be set forth in an award agreement, consistent with the terms of the 2022 Plan. No stock option will be exercisable later than ten years after the date it is granted. The 2022 Plan permits the grant of awards intended to qualify as "performance-based compensation” under Section 162(m) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended.

Stock Options

The Board of Directors may grant incentive stock options as defined in Section 422 of the Code, and nonstatutory stock options. Options shall be exercisable for such prices, shall expire at such times, and shall have such other terms and conditions as the Board of Directors may determine at the time of grant and as set forth in the award agreement; however, the exercise price must be at least equal to 100% of the fair market value at the date of grant. The option price is payable in cash or other consideration acceptable to us.

Stock Appreciation Rights

The Board of Directors may grant stock appreciation rights with such terms and conditions as the Board of Directors may determine at the time of grant and as set forth in the award agreement. The grant price of a stock appreciation right shall be determined by the Board of Directors and shall be specified in the award agreement; however, the grant price must be at least equal to 100% of the fair market value of a share on the date of grant. Stock appreciation rights may be exercised upon such terms and conditions as are imposed by the Compensation Committee and as set forth in the stock appreciation right award agreement.

Restricted Stock

Restricted stock may be granted in such amounts and subject to the terms and conditions as determined by the Board of Directors at the time of grant and as set forth in the award agreement. The Board of Directors may impose performance goals for restricted stock.

Other Awards

The Board of Directors may grant other types of equity-based or equity-related awards not otherwise described by the terms of the 2022 Plan, in such amounts and subject to such terms and conditions, as the Board of Directors shall determine. Such awards may be based upon attainment of performance goals established by the Board of Directors and may involve the transfer of actual shares to participants, or payment in cash or otherwise of amounts based on the value of shares.

Item 6. RESERVED

Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our financial statements and related notes appearing elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. In addition to historical information, this discussion and analysis contains forward-looking statements that involve risks, uncertainties and assumptions. Our actual results may differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of certain factors, including but not limited to, those set forth under “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. See Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements.”

Overview

We are a medical technology company focused on transforming cardiac care through the power of personalized insights. Our aim is to deliver innovative, higher resolution ambulatory cardiac monitoring solutions that can be used by patients anywhere to enable the detection and monitoring of cardiac disease outside of a healthcare facility. Our ability to develop higher resolution Electrocardiogram (“ECG”) solutions is achieved through the development of our proprietary and patented technology platform that allows us to collect heart’s electrical activity from three distinct directions and synthesize a 12-Lead (12L) ECG from these signals. Our approach has demonstrated comparable diagnostic capability to a traditional hospital-based 12L ECG system in recent studies. The data from these studies was also submitted to FDA as part of our recent FDA submission.

Our Products (“Product” or “Products”) require U.S. Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”) clearance. The HeartBeam System (defined below) was granted FDA clearance on December 13, 2024. We believe the HeartBeam System is the first FDA cleared cable-free, ambulatory ECG that captures the heart’s electrical signals from three distinct directions for high-fidelity data collection and advanced diagnostics.

We believe our Products and services will benefit many stakeholders, including patients, healthcare providers, and healthcare payors. We are developing our Product, (the “HeartBeam System”, previously referred to as “AIMIGoTM”), to address the rapidly growing field of ambulatory cardiac health monitoring. The HeartBeam System is comprised of a credit card sized electrocardiogram device, a patient application, a physician portal, and powerful cloud-based algorithms. We believe that we are uniquely positioned to play a central role in ambulatory cardiac monitoring including high-risk Coronary Artery Disease (“CAD”) patients, because the initial studies have shown that our ischemia detection tool may be more accurate than existing ambulatory monitoring solutions. CAD patients are at increased risk for a heart attack or Myocardial Infarction (“MI”).

In January 2025, the Company filed a 510(k) notification for the software algorithms that synthesize a 12L ECG from the HeartBeam System. This latest submission builds on HeartBeam’s recent FDA clearance for its patented technology, which captures the heart’s electrical signals from three distinct directions. The software synthesizes these signals into a familiar 12-lead ECG using a personalized transformation matrix.

The cumulative result of these two 510(k) submissions, once cleared by the FDA, will be an ambulatory device, carried by patients, which can synthesize a 12L ECG for physician review for arrhythmia assessment.

In support of this recent submission, the Company held two pre-submission meetings with the FDA on this 12L synthesis submission. These meetings focused primarily on the performance goals of our clinical study designed to demonstrate the similarity between our synthesized 12L signal and the output of a standard 12L ECG for the intended use. Based on feedback from FDA and our clinical experts, the Company designed a prospective multicenter pivotal study, the VALID-ECG pivotal study, for clinical validation of the HeartBeam 12 Lead ECG Synthesis Software for Arrhythmia Detection.

This latest FDA submission is backed by robust data from the VALID-ECG study, which enrolled 198 patients across five clinical sites. The Company believes the study's findings support the clinical equivalence of HeartBeam's synthesized 12-lead ECG where the leads are similar to standard 12-lead ECGs for rhythm and arrhythmia assessment. Efforts were made to enroll patients with a diverse demographic profile reflective of the intended use population in the United States. The primary objective was to demonstrate the equivalence of ECG waveforms between the HeartBeam System Synthesized 12L ECG and Standard 12L ECG, recorded simultaneously in each subject, by assessing relevant ECG characteristics, i.e. intervals and amplitudes.

The Company is in the process of initiating an Early Access Program for the HeartBeam System. This program will provide the company with valuable feedback on the user experience, overall workflow and functionality of the system in a real-world setting. The Early Access Program will also help prepare the Company to commercialize the technology once we receive FDA clearance for our 12L synthesis algorithm. We do not anticipate that the HeartBeam System clearance will generate significant revenue before the clearance of the synthesized 12L algorithm.

We also have an active AI program underway. We have acquired approximately one million 12L ECGs from various sources, a key element in our fast-paced AI development efforts.

We have developed initial deep learning algorithms, focused on the ability to detect various cardiac arrhythmias. HeartBeam has had data on its deep learning algorithm presented at two prestigious Electrophysiology conferences. Data were presented at the European Heart Rhythm Association in Berlin, Germany in April 2024 and at the Heart Rhythm Society, in Boston, MA in May 2024. We believe that, when combined with our Products, HeartBeam’s AI will provide additional value to patients and physicians in several ways, including:

• Providing automated classification of cardiac conditions, including common arrhythmias,

• Potentially enhancing user experience and simplify the onboarding process, and

• In the longer run, we believe that applying deep learning algorithms on top of the rich data, especially with the longitudinal dataset from patients taking repeated readings, may result in unsurpassed predictive and diagnostic capabilities.

The custom software and hardware of our Products are classified as Class II medical devices by the FDA. Premarket review and clearance by the FDA for Class II devices is generally accomplished through the 510(k) premarket notification process or De Novo process. Given the proposed intended use of our device, the 510(k) submission or De Novo process is expected to require clinical data to support FDA clearance.

HeartBeam has 14 issued U.S. patents (U.S. 10,433,744, U.S. 10,117,592, U.S. 11,071,490, U.S. 11,419,538, U.S. 11,445,963, U.S. 11,701,049, U.S. 11,529,085, U.S. 10,980,433, U.S. 11,412,972, U.S. 11,234,658, U.S. 11,793,444, U.S. 11,877,853, U.S. 11,969,251 and U.S. US 12,207,908), and nine pending U.S applications. Outside of the U.S., HeartBeam has four issued patents in Germany, France, Netherlands and the United Kingdom and twenty-four pending applications in Canada, China, the European Union, Japan, South Korea and Australia. The issued patents are predicted to expire between April 11, 2036, and April 21, 2042.

As of December 31, 2024, we had 21 employees. We intend to strike a balance of managing our headcount in line with cash resources, while also, at the appropriate time, hiring or engaging additional full-time professionals, employees, and / or consultants in alignment with our growth strategy. Although the market is highly competitive for attracting and retaining highly qualified professionals in our industry, we continue our endeavor to find such candidates for our Company. Our management team and additional personnel that we may hire in the future will be primarily responsible for executing and implementing growth opportunities, making tactical decisions related to our strategy and pursuing opportunities to invest in new technologies through strategic partnerships and acquisitions.

Significant Developments during 2024 and early 2025

New and Existing Patent Assignments

In 2024, we were granted two new U.S. patents:

•One patent covers apparatuses and methods that facilitate the comparison of cardiac signals over time for the automated or assisted detection of heart attacks.

•The other covers methods and apparatuses around HeartBeam’s wrist-based ECG system.

Thus far in 2025, we have been granted one new U.S. patent related to HeartBeam’s compact, mobile three-lead cardiac monitoring devices.

We now have fourteen (14) issued U.S. patents and nine (9) pending U.S applications. Outside of the U.S., we have four (4) issued patents in Germany, France, Netherlands and United Kingdom and twenty-four (24) pending applications in Canada, China, the European Union, Japan, South Korea and Australia. The issued patents are predicted to expire between April 11, 2036 and April 21, 2042.

Interactions with Industrial Players

We believe that our ECG technology has the potential to be the most advanced ambulatory cardiac monitoring solution and is applicable in a number of form factors. In anticipation of FDA clearance, we are refining our go-to-market strategy and are encouraged by our early discussions with industry players and their interest in our technology.

Presentations at AHA

In November 2024, two of our pilot studies were presented at American Heart Association meeting. The studies were designed to show early evidence of (1) clinical equivalence of the HeartBeam Synthesized 12L ECG to a standard 12L ECG for diagnosis of arrhythmia and (2) the use of the technology for heart attack detection.

At-the-Market Offering

On May 2, 2024, we entered into the PV Sales Agreement with Public Ventures, pursuant to which we may offer and sell from time to time, at our option, through or to Public Ventures, up to an aggregate of approximately $17 million of shares of the Company’s common stock, $0.0001 par value per share (the “Shares”). We will pay Public Ventures a commission at a fixed rate of 3.0% of the aggregate gross proceeds from each sale of the Shares under the PV Sales Agreement. There were 309,634 Shares issued under the ATM during the year ended December 31, 2024. As of December 31, 2024, there was approximately $16.2 million available for issuance under the ATM following the use of the shelf registration on Form S-3 for the Agreements and the ATM during the year.

Any Shares to be offered and sold under the PV Sales Agreement will be issued and sold pursuant to our Registration Statement on Form S-3 (File No. 333-269520), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 1, 2023 and the prospectus supplement included therein, relating to the Offering, by methods deemed to be an “at the market offering” as defined in Rule 415(a)(4) promulgated under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or if specified by us, by any other method permitted by law.

In order to proceed with the PV Sales Agreement, we terminated the prior Sales Agreement with A.G.P/Alliance Global Partners.

Appointment of Additional Senior Management Team members

On September 10, 2024, we announced the appointment of Timothy Cruickshank as Chief Financial Officer (CFO). Mr. Cruickshank brings more than 15 years of public company experience with a focus on growing businesses with disruptive technologies through authentic leadership, strategic focus, data-driven decisions, and strong risk management and governance. He succeeds long-time CFO Richard Brounstein, who has been serving in an advisory capacity since retiring in February 2024.

On September 24, 2024, we announced the appointment of Lance Myers, PhD, a pioneer in digital health data analytics and body-worn biosensor technologies, as Chief Artificial Intelligence (AI) Scientist. In this newly created position, Dr. Myers will play a pivotal role in guiding how AI is applied to the Company’s core technology. Most recently, Dr. Myers served as AI Advisor to HeartBeam until September 23, 2024.

On October 17, 2024, we announced the appointment of Robert Eno as Chief Executive Officer (CEO). Mr. Eno joined HeartBeam as President in January 2023 and will lead as the Company continues to work towards securing the foundational FDA 510(k) clearance for its vector-based technology and prepares for commercialization and growth. As part of a long-planned transition, Mr. Eno succeeds long-time CEO and founder, Branislav Vajdic, Ph.D. Dr. Vajdic will continue as President of HeartBeam, focused on innovating on the Company’s groundbreaking vector-based technology, driving research and development efforts, and advancing artificial intelligence (AI) applications.

February Public Offering under Form S-3

On February 12, 2025, we entered into an Underwriting Agreement with Public Ventures, LLC to consummate an offering of 5,882,353 shares of Common Stock at an offering price of $1.70 per share, which closed on February 14, 2025 (the “February Public Offering”). The Company received $9.08 million in net proceeds from the February Public Offering after deducting underwriter discounts and commission. In addition, pursuant to the Underwriting Agreement, as partial compensation for its service, we granted 588,235 underwriter warrants with an exercise price of $2.13 to Public Ventures, LLC. On February 21, 2025, the Underwriter exercised the bulk of the Over-allotment Option of 864,033 which closed on February 25, 2025. The Company received $1.3 million in net proceeds from the Over-allotment Option after deducting underwriter discounts and commission and we granted an additional 86,403 underwriter warrants with an exercise price of $2.13 as compensation to the Underwriter.

Results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023

The following table summarizes our results of operations for the periods presented on our statement of operations data. The year over year comparison of results of operations is not necessarily indicative of results of operations for future periods.

Years ended December 31,

(In thousands, except percentages)

Operating expenses:

Other Expense (7) — (7) 100 %

Income tax provision — — — — %

Summary of Statements of Operations for the year ended December 31, 2024 compared with the year ended December 31, 2023:

General and administrative expenses (“G&A”) are largely related to personnel and professional services. G&A expense increased $0.3 million or 4% when compared to the same period in 2023. The $0.3 million increase is related to non-cash stock-based compensation expense amounting to $0.5 million associated with additional awards granted since December 31, 2023, higher consulting costs of $0.4 million related to finance consultants, higher board of director’s fees of $0.1 million related to new committees, primarily offset by decrease in payroll cost of $0.5 million related to lower costs associated with restructuring of G&A headcount, and a decrease of $0.3 million from lower investor relation costs, and legal costs incurred in this period compared to the prior period.

Research and development expenses (“R&D”) are primarily from software development and hardware related to our credit-card sized collection device for the HeartBeam System. R&D expense increased $4.3 million or 63% when compared with the same period in 2023. The $4.3 million increase is primarily related to increase in headcount of $1.8 million and non-cash stock-based compensation expense amounting to $0.6 million associated with additional awards granted since December 31, 2023, increase of clinical related costs of $0.7 million, increase in consulting and patent expense spend of $1.0 million, and a increase of $0.1 million in product development costs when compared to the prior year.

Other income is primarily interest income. The decrease is primarily related to our decreased cash balance used in operations.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Our cash requirements are and will continue to be, dependent upon a variety of factors. We expect to continue devoting significant capital resources to R&D and following the proper FDA clearance for our HeartBeam System, our commercialization go to market strategies.

As of December 31, 2024, we had approximately $2.4 million in cash and cash equivalents, a decrease of $13.8 million from $16.2 million as of December 31, 2023.

During the year ended December 31, 2024, we raised $0.7 million from the sale of common stock under the ATM and $0.1 from the proceeds from exercise of stock options.

Subsequent to year end, the Company raised $11.5 million (before costs) via a $10 million underwritten Public Offering and a $1.5 million exercise of the Underwriter’s over-allotment option from the Public Offering.

Based on its current business plan assumptions, proceeds from the February Public Offering and expected cash burn rate, the Company believes that the existing cash is insufficient to fund operations for the next twelve months following the issuance of these financial statements. These factors raise substantial doubt regarding the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern.

Our cash is as follows (in thousands):

December 31

Cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 (in thousands):

December 31

Net cash used in operating activities $ (14,471) $ (12,093)

Net cash used in investing activities (201) (256)

Net cash provided by financing activities 866 24,994

Operating Activities:

Net cash used in our operating activities of $14.5 million during the year ended December 31, 2024, was primarily due to our net loss of $19.5 million less $4.3 million in stock-based compensation expense and $0.7 million of net changes from changes in operating assets and liabilities.

Net cash used in our operating activities of $12.1 million during the year ended December 31, 2023, was primarily due to our net loss of $14.6 million less $3.2 million in stock based compensation expense and $0.7 million of net changes from changes in operating assets and liabilities.

Investing Activities:

Net cash used in investing activities during the year ended December 31, 2024, of $0.2 million, was primarily due to the purchase of property and equipment.

Net cash used in investing activities during the year ended December 31, 2023, of $0.3 million, was primarily due to the purchase of property and equipment.

Financing Activities:

During the year ended December 31, 2024, net cash provided by financing activities of $0.9 million, was primarily from net proceeds from sale of equity, net of issuance costs.

During the year ended December 31, 2023, net cash provided by financing activities of $24.9 million, was primarily from the issuance of common stock from the secondary financing in May 2023.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We do not have any off-balance sheet arrangements.

Critical Accounting Estimates

The financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the US, (“US GAAP”.) The preparation of these financial statements in accordance with US GAAP requires us to make estimates, assumptions and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. On an on-going basis, we evaluate our estimates, assumptions and judgments. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions and the impact of such differences may be material to our financial statements.

We consider an accounting estimate to be critical if: (1) the accounting estimate requires us to make assumptions about matters that were highly uncertain at the time the accounting estimate was made, and (2) changes in the estimate that are reasonably likely to occur from period to period, or use of different estimates that we reasonably could have used in the current period, would have a material impact on our financial condition or results of operations.

Management has discussed the development and selection of these critical accounting estimates with the Audit Committee of our Board of Directors.

Stock-based compensation

The compensation cost for all stock-based awards is measured at the grant date, based on the fair value of the award, determined using a Black-Scholes option pricing model for stock options and fair value on the date of grant for non-vested restricted stock, and is recognized as an expense over the employee’s requisite service period (generally the vesting period of the equity award). Determining the fair value of stock-based awards at the grant date requires significant estimates and judgments. Management has determined the vesting period of stock-based compensation to be a critical accounting estimate due to certain options containing performance-based vesting condition related to a milestone achievement date. Quarterly, the management performs its probability assessment regarding the achievement of the key milestone related to these awards. Based on this review, management modifies the vesting period if the expected regulatory approval date changes.

Research and Development: Clinical and Manufacturing Accruals

We record accruals for estimated costs of research, preclinical studies and clinical trials, and manufacturing development, which are a significant component of research and development expenses. A substantial portion of our ongoing research and development activities are conducted by one CRO. Our contract with this CRO include pass-through fees such as regulatory expenses, investigator fees, travel costs and other miscellaneous costs. We accrue the costs incurred under agreements with CRO based on estimates of actual work completed in accordance with the CRO agreement. We determine the estimated costs based on actual services performed by the CRO and clinical sites as at each period end. As actual costs become known, we adjust our accruals. Although we do not expect our estimates to be materially different from amounts actually incurred, our understanding of the status and timing of services performed relative to the actual status and timing of services performed may vary and could result in our reporting amounts that are too high or too low in any particular period.

Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk.

We are a smaller reporting company as defined by Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act and are not required to provide the information required under this item.

Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

The financial statements and supplementary data of the Company required by this Item are described in Item 15 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K and are presented beginning on page F-1.

Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosures

None

Item 9A. Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, evaluated, as of the end of the period covered by this Form 10-K, the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act). Based on that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that, as of December 31, 2024, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective at the reasonable assurance level.

Previously Identified Material Weaknesses in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

We identified a material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting in prior years. These previously identified material weaknesses included: (i) lack of formal risk assessment under COSO framework (ii) policies and procedures which are not yet adequately documented, (iii) lack of proper approval processes and review processes and documentation for such reviews, (iv) insufficient GAAP experience regarding complex transactions and reporting, and (v) insufficient number of staff to maintain optimal segregation of duties and levels of oversight.

Commencing in July 2023 and during the 2024 fiscal year, we undertook specific remediation actions to address these material weaknesses in our financial reporting. We established more robust processes related to the review of complex accounting transactions, the preparation of account reconciliations and the review of journal entries. These remediation actions included hiring a Controller in July 2023; executing plans to remediate control deficiencies; performing a risk assessment under the COSO framework; ensuring optimal segregation of duties and levels of oversight; and hiring a Chief Financial Officer in September 2024, who has extensive experience leading public entities.

As a result of the remediation activities and controls in place as of December 31, 2024, as described above, we have remediated these previously disclosed material weaknesses. While completion of this remediation does not provide assurance that our remediated controls will continue to operate properly, that other material weaknesses will not arise or that our financial statements will be free from error, based on our assessment, the material weaknesses have been remediated as of December 31, 2024, and we will continue to refine our control policies and procedures.

Changes in Internal Control

Except as described above, there were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) identified in connection with the evaluation required by Rule 13a-15(d) and 15d-15(d) of the Exchange Act that occurred during the fourth quarter of the year ended December 31, 2024 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

Item 9B. Other Information.

None

Item 9C. Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdiction that Prevent Inspections.

Not applicable

Part III

Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance

Information About our Executive Officers and Directors

Our business and affairs are organized under the direction of our board of directors, which currently consists of five members.

The following table sets forth certain information with respect to the current directors of our Company:

NAME AGE POSITION

Richard Ferrari 71 Executive Chairman of the Board of Directors

Branislav Vajdic, PhD 70 President, Director

George A. de Urioste 69 Director

Marga Ortigas-Wedekind 63 Director

Willem Elfrink 72 Director

Mark Strome 67 Director

Kenneth Nelson 49 Director

Michael Jaff 66 Director

Richard Ferrari - Executive Chairman of the Board of Directors

Mr. Richard Ferrari, 71, joined our Board in 2019 and was appointed Executive Director of the Board of Directors in June 2021. Mr. Ferrari combines over 40 years of experience in Medical Device Start-ups as CEO, and entrepreneur. Also Mr. Ferrari is co-founder of De Novo Ventures which has $650M under management and has been Managing Director since 2000. Mr. Ferrari has also co-founded 6 more companies, two of which have been successful IPO’s and subsequent acquisitions, CTS one of the companies he co-founded was the fastest start-up to an IPO in the last 22 years in the medical device industry. Mr. Ferrari most recently from 2018 to 2021 was Chairman and CEO of PQ Bypass which was recently acquired by Endologix. Mr. Ferrari sits on the board of Pulmonx, a public company and is the Chairman of the Compensation Committee. Additionally, Mr. Ferrari is Executive Chairman of Tenon Medical, Vice-Chairman of ABS Interventional, and holds board positions with several other medical device start-ups. Mr. Ferrari has an undergraduate degree from Ashland University and an MBA from University of South Florida.

We believe that Mr. Ferrari is qualified to serve on our board of directors because of his experience in leadership and management roles in the field of medicine, as well as his experience as a member in the healthcare industry.

Branislav Vajdic, PhD - President, Director

Dr. Branislav Vajdic, 70, Founder of HeartBeam, Inc, combines over 30 years of experience in technology development and senior management positions. Dr. Vajdic has been deeply involved with the development of HeartBeam’s technology to fit his vision for the Company. Prior to HeartBeam from 2007 to 2010, Dr. Vajdic was CEO and Founder of NewCardio, a publicly traded company in the cardiovascular devices space, from 1984 to 2007, Dr. Vajdic was at Intel, where he held various senior management positions. At Intel, Dr. Vajdic was the designer of first Flash memory and two key inventions that enabled Flash as a product and led engineering groups responsible for Pentium 1 through Pentium 4 designs. Dr. Vajdic was awarded two Intel Achievement Awards, the highest level of award for outstanding contributions to Intel. Dr. Vajdic is author of numerous patents and publications in the fields of cardiovascular devices as well as chip design. Dr. Vajdic holds a PhD degree in Electrical Engineering from the University of Minnesota.

We believe that Dr. Vajdic is qualified to serve on our board of directors because of his experience in leadership and management roles in the field of medicine, as well as his experience as a member in the healthcare industry.

George A. de Urioste - Director

Mr. de Urioste, 69, combines over 40 years of experience in high technology industry senior management. Previously, Mr. de Urioste has been involved in over 10 companies, holding positions including Board Director, Chief Operating Officer and Chief Financial Officer. Mr. de Urioste was Chief Financial Officer of Remedy Corporation (software) from 1992 to 1998 and led the IPO, Chief Executive Officer of Aeroprise, Inc., from 2000 to 2003 (software), from 2004 to 2006 he was Chief Operating Officer and Chief Financial Officer for Chordiant Software, Inc. (software), interim Chief Operating Officer and Chief Financial Officer for Marvell Technology, Inc. (semiconductors) during 2008, Chief Financial Officer for Pluribus Networks, Inc. (software) 2014 to 2018, Chief Financial Officer for 4iQ, Inc. (software) 2019 to 2020 and interim Chief Financial Officer for Mozilla, Inc. (software). Mr. de Urioste’s Board Director experience includes Audit Committee chairman roles for the following companies: Rainmaker Systems, Inc. (business outsourcing), from 2003 to 2005, Saba Software, Inc. (software) from 2008 to 2010, GCT, Inc. (semiconductors), from 2009 to 2011 Villa Montalvo (performing arts center), from 2011 to 2013, Bridgelux, Inc., from 2011 to 2016 (LED lighting), and Vendavo, Inc., from 2013 to 2014 (software). Mr. de Urioste was also chairman of the Board of Directors for Aeroprise, Inc. from 2000 to 2005 (software). Mr. de Urioste is currently a Board Director at Roambee Corporation (supply chain intelligence software), Blaize, Inc (NASDAQ: BZAI), semiconductor company for artificial intelligence processing at network edge, where he is chairman of the audit committee and member of the compensation committee, and Silicon Valley Directors Exchange, (a not-for-profit for Board education events). Mr. de Urioste has an undergraduate degree from University of Southern California and an MBA from University of California at Berkeley. Mr. de Urioste is also a Certified Public Accountant (inactive) in the State of California.

We believe that Mr. de Urioste is qualified to serve on our board of directors because of his experience in leadership and management roles in high technology industries, as well as his experience as a board member including Audit Committee Chairman roles.

Marga Ortigas-Wedekind - Director

Ms. Marga Ortigas-Wedekind, 63, Board member, has over 30 years of experience in health technology senior management. Ms. Ortigas-Wedekind has been Chief Commercial Strategy Officer of Fogarty Innovation, a non-profit educational incubator for early stage medtech companies since December 2019, Executive Vice President of Marketing and Payer Relations for iRhythm Technologies Inc., a publicly-traded digital healthcare company from July 2015 through July 2019, Executive Vice President, Global Marketing and Product Development of Omnicell Inc., a publicly-traded developer of automated medication dispensing and analytics systems where she led the Marketing, International and Engineering departments from 2009 to 2015, Senior Vice President, Marketing, Development, and Clinical Affairs at Xoft, Inc, a developer of disruptive technology to deliver radiation therapy with capital equipment and high-end disposables from 2002 to December 2008. She started her medtech career at Guidant Vascular, now Abbott Vascular.Ms. Ortigas-Wedekind was on the board of Itamar Medical (NASDAQ: ITMR), which provides digitally-enabled systems for sleep apnea management until its sale to Zoll Medical in December 2021, Total Flow Medical, an early stage company developing a mechanism to improve safety during on-pump open heart surgery and, the Bay Area Cancer Coalition, a non-profit organization that supports those affected by breast or ovarian cancer. Ms. Ortigas-Wedekind is a limited partner and advisory board member for Launchpad Digital Health, a venture fund focused on digital heath technologies and is also an angel investor with Health Tech Capital. Ms. Ortigas-Wedekind has an undergraduate degree from Wellesley College and an MBA from the Stanford Graduate School of Business.

We believe that Ms. Ortigas-Wedekind is qualified to serve on our board of directors because of her experience in leadership and management roles in the field of medicine, as well as her experience as a member in the healthcare industry.

Willem Elfrink - Director

Mr. Willem Elfrink, 72, was Chairman of the Board since our founding and in June 2021 stepped down from this position but remains a Board member. Mr. Elfrink has over 40 years of experience in bringing new technologies to the market. Mr. Elfrink actively contributes to portfolio companies via board participation, strategic marketing, governance and capital structure. Mr. Elfrink is also the Founder and President of WPE Ventures Digitized Solutions, a security and digitization solutions investment firm. Mr. Elfrink joined Cisco in 1997 and was Cisco’s Executive Vice President of Industry Solutions and Chief Globalization Officer from 2000 to 2006 and 2007 to 2015 respectively, where Mr. Elfrink made and contributed to key strategic and operational decisions of the Company. Widely recognized as Cisco’s Corporate Entrepreneur in residence, his global charter was to identify significant technology opportunities. Mr. Elfrink also led an industry initiative — called the Internet of Things World Forum. Before joining Cisco, Mr. Elfrink held management and senior management positions at Olivetti, Xerox, HP, Digital Equipment Corporation and Philips. Mr. Elfrink earned a Bachelor of Engineering degree from the Institute of Technology in Rotterdam, the Netherlands.

We believe that Mr. Elfrink is qualified to serve on our board of directors because of his experience in leadership and management roles in bringing new technologies to the market, as well as his globalization experience.

Mark Strome - Director

Mr. Strome, 67, combines over 40 years of experience in the investment management and securities industry. Mr. Strome is the Founder, Chief Investment Officer, and Chairman at Strome Investment Management, L.P. and Strome Group, Inc. Under his leadership, Mr. Strome’s investment management company has managed private placement hedge fund investments focusing on non-traditional investments including commodities, currencies, bankruptcy reorganizations, and numerous venture capital and private equity investments. Previously, he was a Portfolio Manager at Kayne Anderson. Mr. Strome has also been involved in the founding and incubation of numerous publicly traded companies and several successful private companies. These include Pulse Biosciences, and iWood Studios, a company that creates original content for film and TV. Mr. Strome has been a member of the Board of Directors of multiple companies over the last three decades. Mr. Strome has served as a Director at Endurance Ventures, National Water and Power, Eco-Duro Corporation, NWP Services Corporation and Mobil Satellite Ventures. Mr. Strome serves as Member of Advisory Board at Global Analytics, Inc. Mr. Strome is a Trustee for New Roads School and Big Bear Foundation and serves on the Board of Advisors of John Hopkins Medical Center. Mark earned a Bachelor of Science in Engineering from Old Dominion University and Master of Science in Economics from the University of California at Berkeley.

We believe that Mr. Strome is qualified to serve on our board of directors because of his experience in leadership and management roles, as well as his experience as a member in the healthcare industry.

Kenneth Nelson - Director

Mr. Nelson, 49, is a 20 year digital health, medical device, and remote patient monitoring executive and innovator. Over the past 10 years, Mr. Nelson has led commercial efforts for disruptive technologies in the digital health, wearables, and cardiac remote patient monitoring industries for 3 of the top 4 market share players in cardiac digital health and remote patient monitoring including BioTelemetry as VP of Sales, iRhythm as VP of Sales & Marketing, and Bardy Diagnostics as Chief Commercial Officer. Most recently, he served as Head of Digital Health, Diagnostics, and Monitoring for Biotronik, a leading cardiac digital health and medical device company. Mr. Nelson currently serves as partner in the Medtech Advantage Fund, which has an exclusive partnership with Medtech Innovator, the largest medtech and digital health startup accelerator globally. In addition, he serves as Chairman of the Board for CardiaCare, and is an active board member in a handful of other disruptive cardiac digital health and medtech startups. Mr. Nelson earned a Bachelor of Arts in Economics from Vanderbilt University and is a graduate of Phillips Exeter Academy.

We believe that Mr. Nelson is qualified to serve on our board of directors because of his experience in leadership and management roles in the field of medicine, as well as his experience as a member in the healthcare industry.

Michael Jaff, MD - Director

Dr. Jaff, age 66, is currently Chief Medical Officer and Vice President of Clinical Affairs, Technology and Innovation of the Peripheral Interventions division at Boston Scientific Corporation. Previously, Dr. Jaff was a professor of medicine at Harvard Medical School and served as President of Newton-Wellesley Hospital. Prior to that, Dr. Jaff was the inaugural Paul and Phyllis Fireman Endowed Chair of Vascular Medicine and Medical Director of the Fireman Vascular Center at the Massachusetts General Hospital. Dr. is a recognized expert in all aspects of vascular medicine and is the founder of VasCore, the Vascular Ultrasound Core Laboratory. Dr. Jaff has published over 300 peer-reviewed publications and 10 textbooks and is the Past-President of the Society for Vascular Medicine. Dr. Jaff received a B.S. from Dickinson College, a D.O. from Kirksville College of Osteopathic Medicine, a Business degree from Harvard Business School and an honorary Doctorate of Arts from Harvard Medical School.

We believe that Mr. Jaff is qualified to serve on our board of directors because of his experience in leadership and management roles in the field of medicine, as well as his experience as a member in the healthcare industry.

There are no agreements or understandings for any of our executive officers or directors to resign at the request of another person and no officer or director is acting on behalf of nor will any of them act at the direction of any other person.

Directors are elected to serve until their successors are duly qualified and elected.

Director Independence

The Board has affirmatively determined that seven of the directors are “independent directors” under NASDAQ Listing Rule 5605(a)(2) and the related rules of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). In making this determination, our Board considered the current and prior relationships that each non-employee director has with the Company and all other facts and circumstances our Board deemed relevant in determining their independence, including the beneficial ownership of our capital stock by each non-employee director. The Company’s independent directors conduct executive sessions at regularly scheduled meetings as required by NASDAQ Listing Rule 5605(b)(2).

Family Relationships

There are no family relationships among any of our directors and executive officers.

Board Leadership Structure

The Board does not have an express policy regarding the separation of the roles of Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) and Board Chairman, as the Board believes it is in the best interests of the Company to make that determination based on the position and direction of the Company and the membership of the Board. Currently, Robert Eno serves as the Company’s CEO and Richard Ferrari serves as the Chairman of the Board. The Board believes that its current leadership structure best serves the objectives of the Board’s oversight of management; the ability of the Board to carry out its roles and responsibilities on behalf of the stockholders; and the Company’s overall corporate governance. The Board also believes that the current separation of the Chairman and CEO roles allows the CEO to focus his time and energy on operating and managing the Company and leverages the experience and perspectives of the Chairman.

Board Oversight of Risk Management

The full Board has responsibility for general oversight of risks facing the Company. The Board is informed by senior management on areas of risk facing the Company and periodically conducts discussions regarding risk assessment and risk management. The Board believes that evaluating how the executive team manages the various risks confronting the Company is one of its most important areas of oversight. While the Board has the ultimate oversight responsibility for the risk management process, various committees of the Board also have responsibility for risk management. For example, the Audit Committee reviews and assesses the Company’s processes to manage financial reporting risk and to manage investment, tax, and other financial risks; the Compensation Committee oversees risks relating to the compensation and incentives provided to our executive officers; and the Nominating and Governance Committee oversees risks associated with our overall compliance and corporate governance practices, as well as the independence and composition of our Board. Finally, management periodically reports to the Board or relevant committee, which provides guidance on risk assessment and mitigation. In December 2023 the Board also formed a Commercialization Committee to support the strategy development and implementation of all defined areas of commercialization.

Delinquent Section 16(a) Reports

Section 16(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”), as amended, requires the Company’s directors and executive officers, and persons who own more than 10% of a registered class of the Company’s equity securities, to file reports of securities ownership and changes in such ownership with the SEC.

Based solely upon a review of such forms filed electronically with the SEC or written representations that no Form 5s were required, the Company believes that all Section 16(a) filing requirements were timely met during the year ended December 31, 2024, except for Mr. George de Urioste submitted one late Form 4 filing in regards to sale of vested RSU’s.

Code of Ethics

The Company has adopted a code of ethics policy during 2022 for its principal executive officer and senior financial officers and that is applicable to all directors, officers and employees, a copy of which is available online at www.Heartbeam.com. Stockholders may also request a free copy of this document from: HeartBeam, Inc., 2118 Walsh Avenue, Suite 210, Santa Clara, CA 95050, Attn: Corporate Secretary.

Director Meeting Attendance

During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Board held six meetings of the full Board, The Board also took action by written consent on ten occasions. During the year ended December 31, 2024, each member of the Board attended at least 75% of the aggregate of all meetings of the Board and the meetings of the committees on which he or she served (during the periods for which he or she served).

The Company does not have a written policy requiring directors to attend the annual meeting.

Board Committees

Our board of directors has established an audit committee, a compensation committee, a nominating and governance committee, and a commercialization committee. Our board of directors may establish other committees to facilitate the management of our business. The composition and functions of each committee are described below. Members serve on these committees until their resignation or until otherwise determined by our board of directors. The charter of each committee is available on our corporate website at https://ir.heartbeam.com/corporate-governance/governance-documents.

Committee Composition

The following description below outlines our current membership for each committee of our board of directors:

Audit Committee

The Audit Committee, among other things, will be responsible for:

•appointing; approving the compensation of; overseeing the work of; and assessing the independence, qualifications, and performance of the independent auditor;

•reviewing the internal audit function, including its independence, plans, and budget;

•approving, in advance, audit and any permissible non-audit services performed by our independent auditor;

•reviewing our internal controls with the independent auditor, the internal auditor, and management;

•reviewing the adequacy of our accounting and financial controls as reported by the independent auditor, the internal auditor, and management;

•overseeing our financial compliance system; and

•overseeing our major risk exposures regarding the Company’s accounting and financial reporting policies, the activities of our internal audit function, and information technology.

The Audit Committee will consist of Mr. de Urioste, Ms. Ortigas-Wedekind and Mr. Ferrari. Mr. de Urioste will chair the Audit Committee. We believe the Audit Committee will comply with the applicable requirements of the rules and regulations of the Nasdaq listing rules and the SEC.

Compensation Committee

The Compensation Committee will be responsible for:

•reviewing and making recommendations to the Board with respect to the compensation of our officers and directors, including the CEO;

•overseeing and administering the Company’s executive compensation plans, including equity-based awards;

•negotiating and overseeing employment agreements with officers and directors; and

•overseeing how the Company’s compensation policies and practices may affect the Company’s risk management practices and/or risk-taking incentives.

The Compensation Committee will consist of Mr. Ferrari, Mr. Elfrink, Mr. Strome and Mr. de Urioste, Mr. Ferrari will serve as chairman of the Compensation Committee. The board of directors has affirmatively determined that each member of the Compensation Committee meets the independence criteria applicable to compensation committee members under SEC rules and Nasdaq listing rules.

Nominating and Governance Committee

The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee, among other things, will be responsible for:

•reviewing and assessing the development of the executive officers and considering and making recommendations to the Board regarding promotion and succession issues;

•evaluating and reporting to the Board on the performance and effectiveness of the directors, committees and the Board as a whole;

•working with the Board to determine the appropriate and desirable mix of characteristics, skills, expertise and experience, including diversity considerations, for the full Board and each committee;

•annually presenting to the Board a list of individuals recommended to be nominated for election to the Board;

•reviewing, evaluating, and recommending changes to the Company’s Corporate Governance Principles and Committee Charters;

•recommending to the Board individuals to be elected to fill vacancies and newly created directorships;

•overseeing the Company’s compliance program, including the Code of Conduct; and

•overseeing and evaluating how the Company’s corporate governance and legal and regulatory compliance policies and practices, including leadership, structure, and succession planning, may affect the Company’s major risk exposures.

The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee will consist of Ms. Ortigas-Wedekind, Mr. Elfrink and Mr. Jaff. Ms. Ortigas-Wedekind will serve as chairperson. The Company’s board of directors has determined that each member of the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee is independent within the meaning of the independent director guidelines of Nasdaq listing rules.

Commercialization Committee

The Commercialization Committee, among other things, will be responsible for:

•advising on the Company’s overall business strategy of bringing products to markets and all aspects of the sales process;

•advising on the Company’s product strategy and roadmap;

•advising on the Company’s target markets and market segmentation;

•advising on cross-functional elements of the Company’s go-to-market effort, including the commercial support functions;

•reviewing, evaluating, and recommending changes to the Company’s Commercialization Committee Charter.

The Commercialization Committee will consist of Mr. Elfrink, Dr; Jaff, Mr. Strome and Mr. Nelson. Mr. Elfrink will serve as chairperson.

Stockholder Communications with the Board

The Company’s Stockholders who wish to communicate with the Board of Directors or with an individual director may do so by writing to the Corporate Secretary, HeartBeam, Inc., 2118 Walsh Avenue, Suite 210, Santa Clara, CA 95050. The letter should indicate that you are a stockholder and whether you own your shares in street name. Letters received will be reviewed by the Corporate Secretary and retained until the next Board meeting when they will be available to the addressed director. Such communications may receive an initial evaluation to determine, based on the substance and nature of the communication, a suitable process for internal distribution, review and response or other appropriate treatment. There is no assurance that all communications will receive a response.

Hedging, Short Sales and Related Policies

Pursuant to the Company’s insider trading policy, the Company prohibits all directors, officers and employees of the Company (collectively, “Team Members”), as well as their spouses, minor children, other persons living in their household and entities over which they exercise control, from engaging in the following transactions involving Company’s securities without the advance unanimous written approval from members of the compliance committee designated by the Board:

•Hedging. Team Members may not enter into hedging or monetization transactions or similar arrangements with respect to the Company’s securities.

•Short sales. Team Members may not sell the Company’s securities short;

•Options trading. Team Members may not buy or sell puts or calls or other derivative securities on the Company’s securities; and

•Trading on margin. Team Members may not hold the Company’s securities in a margin account or pledge the Company’s securities as collateral for a loan.

Item 11. Executive Compensation

Summary Compensation Table

The following table sets forth information concerning all cash and non-cash compensation awarded to, earned by or paid to our Named Executive Officers (“NEOs”) for services rendered in all capacities during the noted periods. The fiscal years ended December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 are indicated below:

Chief Financial Officer

1.Cash bonuses awarded to the Chief Executive Officer, President, Chief Financial Officer and Chief System Deployment Officer in 2024 are expected to be paid early 2025.

2.Cash bonuses awarded to the Chief Executive Officer, President and Chief Business Officer, Chief Financial Officer and Chief Technology Officer in 2023 were paid early 2024.

3.Represents the full grant date fair value of the stock award or option grant, as applicable, calculated in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 718. Our policy and assumptions made in the valuation of share-based payments are contained in Note 5 to our December 31, 2024 financial statements. The value of stock awards presented in the Summary Compensation Table reflects the grant date fair value of the awards and does not correspond to the actual value that will be recognized by the named executive officers.

Employment Agreements

We have entered into employment agreements, with Branislav Vajdic, the Company’s President, Robert Eno, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer, Kenneth Persen, the Company’s Chief System Deployment Officer, and Timothy Cruickshank, the Company’s Chief Financial Officer.

Branislav Vajdic Employment Agreement

On September 10, 2021 we entered into an employment agreement with Dr. Vajdic as its Chief Executive Officer and a member of the board of directors (“2021 Vajdic Agreement”), Dr. Vajdic will receive an annual salary of $325,000, commencing on September 15, 2021. During 2022 the Board of Directors approved an amendment to the 2021 Vajdic Agreement, whereby effective January 1, 2022 Dr. Vajdic’s annual salary increased to $428,000 and he was awarded 359,000 stock options. The stock option will vest as to 25% on the 1-year anniversary of the vesting commencement date, and the remainder will vest monthly thereafter on the same day of the month as the vesting commencement date until fully vested. During 2023 Dr. Vajdic was awarded a total of 1,194,000 options, these stock options vest as follows: Sixty percent (60%) are milestone based vesting on FDA clearance for marketing of HeartBeam’s synthesized 12L product and the remaining forty percent (40%) are time based vesting monthly over 48 months.Pursuant to the amended 2021 Vajdic Agreement, Dr. Vajdic will be eligible to receive an annual bonus up to 60% of his annual compensation, subject to adjustment on an annual basis, based on his performance and overall progress of the Company. Effective January 1, 2024 Dr. Vajdic’s annual salary increased to $449,000.

On October 17, 2024, the Board appointed Branislav Vajdic, PhD as President of the Company (the “President Appointment”) effective as of October 21, 2024. In connection with the President Appointment, the Company entered into an employment agreement with Dr. Vajdic dated October 17, 2024, (the “President Employment Agreement”). Pursuant to the President Employment Agreement, there will be no changes to Dr. Vajdic’s current compensation structure. This President Employment Agreement amends the previous employment agreement executed by Dr. Vajdic and the Company on September 10, 2021.

Robert Eno Employment Agreement

On January 18, 2023 we entered into an employment agreement with Mr. Eno as its President, Mr. Eno will receive an annual salary of $360,000, commencing on January 18, 2023 and was awarded 240,000 stock options. The stock option will vest as to 25% on the 1-year anniversary of the vesting commencement date, and the remainder will vest monthly thereafter on the same day of the month as the vesting commencement date until fully vested. Additionally, during 2023 Mr. Eno was awarded a total of 536,000 options, these stock options vest as follows: Sixty percent (60%) are milestone based vesting on FDA clearance for marketing of HeartBeam’s synthesized 12L product and the remaining forty percent (40%) are time based vesting monthly over 48 months. Mr. Eno will be eligible to receive an annual bonus up to 40% of his annual compensation, subject to adjustment on an annual basis, based upon his performance and overall progress of the Company. Effective January 1, 2024 Mr. Eno’s annual salary increased to $378,000.

On October 17, 2024, we announced the appointment of Robert Eno as Chief Executive Officer (CEO). Mr. Eno succeeds long-time CEO and founder, Branislav Vajdic, Ph.D. Dr. Vajdic. In connection with the CEO Appointment, the Company entered into an employment agreement with Mr. Eno dated October 15, 2024, (the “CEO Employment Agreement”). Pursuant to the CEO Employment Agreement, the Company will compensate Mr. Eno an annual fee of $400,000, which is to be paid in semi-monthly installments in accordance with the Company’s normal payroll procedures. Mr. Eno’s salary will be subject to adjustment pursuant to the Company's employee compensation policies in effect from time to time and he will also be eligible to receive certain employee benefits. Additionally, Mr. Eno may receive an annual bonus of 60% of his annual base salary determined by an agreed to set of corporate goals and objectives. In 2025, the Compensation Committee of the Board will do a full review of equity ownership, with the intent to establish long-term incentives for the role that align to peer group benchmarks and are in line with increasing shareholder value.

Kenneth Persen Employment Agreement

BEAT US Equity

BEAT · 10-K · period ended 2024-12-31

Item 1A. Risk Factors.

Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments

Item 1C. Cybersecurity

Item 2. Properties

Item 3. Legal Proceedings.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Item 5. Market for Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

Item 6. RESERVED

Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk.

Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosures

Item 9A. Controls and Procedures

Item 9B. Other Information.

Item 9C. Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdiction that Prevent Inspections.

Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance

Item 11. Executive Compensation

BEAT US Equity☆

BEAT · 10-K · period ended 2024-12-31

Item 1A. Risk Factors.

Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments

Item 1C. Cybersecurity

Item 2. Properties

Item 3. Legal Proceedings.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Item 5. Market for Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

Item 6. RESERVED

Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk.

Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosures

Item 9A. Controls and Procedures

Item 9B. Other Information.

Item 9C. Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdiction that Prevent Inspections.

Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance

Item 11. Executive Compensation

BEAT US Equity