Item 1A. Risk Factors
Many factors affect our business, financial condition and results of operations, some of which are beyond our control. If any of the following risks or uncertainties occur, our business, financial condition or results of operations may be materially and adversely affected. In that event, the trading price of our securities could decline, and investors could lose all or part of their investment in our securities. Additional risks and uncertainties we are unaware of, or we currently deem immaterial, may also become important factors that affect us. Before making an investment in our securities, investors should carefully consider the risk factors discussed below, together with the other information in this report, including the section entitled “Forward-looking Statements” and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” and the other reports and materials filed by us with the SEC.
RISKS RELATED TO OUR BUSINESS
As a property and casualty insurer, we may experience significant losses, and our financial results may vary from period to period, due to our exposure to catastrophic events and severe weather conditions, the frequency and severity of which could be affected by the unpredictability of future catastrophic events and severe weather conditions.
Our property and casualty insurance operations expose us to risks arising from catastrophes. Catastrophes can be caused by various natural events, including but not limited to hurricanes, tropical storms, tornadoes, windstorms, earthquakes, hail, sinkholes, severe winter weather and fires, or man-made events, such as terrorist attacks (including those involving nuclear, biological, chemical or radiological events), cybercrimes or consequences of war or political instability. We may incur catastrophe losses that exceed the amount of:
•catastrophe losses experienced in prior years;
•catastrophe losses projected to be incurred, using third-party catastrophe modeling software;
•catastrophe loss estimates used to develop prices for our products; or
•our current reinsurance coverage (which would cause us to have to pay such excess losses).
The frequency and severity of weather conditions are inherently unpredictable, but the frequency and severity of property claims generally increase when severe weather conditions occur. Florida, Louisiana, North Carolina, South Carolina and Texas, all states in which we write policies, have experienced significant hurricanes in recent years, which some weather analysts believe is consistent with a period of sustained greater hurricane activity. Climate change, to the extent that it may affect weather patterns, may cause an increase in the frequency and/or the severity of catastrophic events or severe weather conditions which, in addition to the attendant increase in claims-related costs, may also cause an increase in our reinsurance costs and/or negatively impact our ability to provide insurance to our policyholders in the future. We cannot predict how legal, regulatory and social responses to concerns around climate change may impact our business. Governmental entities may also respond to climate change by enacting laws and regulations that may increase our cost of providing insurance in the future, which could adversely affect demand.
Catastrophes could be more frequent or severe than contemplated in our pricing and risk management models, and may have a material adverse effect on our results of operations during any reporting period due to increases in our loss and loss adjustment expense. Catastrophes may also reduce liquidity and could impair our ability to maintain existing capital, or raise capital on acceptable terms or at all. In addition to catastrophes, the accumulation of losses from several smaller weather-related events in any reporting period may have a similar impact to our results of operations and financial condition.
Because we conduct a significant portion of our business in Florida, our financial results substantially depend on, and could be adversely affected by, the regulatory, legal, economic, political, demographic, competitive and weather conditions present in that state.
As of December 31, 2020, approximately 40.1% of our policies in-force and 47.4% of our total insured value were concentrated in Florida. Therefore, the prevailing regulatory, legal, economic, political, demographic, competitive, weather and other conditions in Florida will likely have a more significant impact on our revenues and profitability compared to such conditions in other jurisdictions in which we operate. Furthermore, changes in such conditions in Florida could make doing business in Florida less attractive for us, which could have a more pronounced effect on us than it would on other insurance companies that are more geographically diversified.
In addition, due to Florida’s climate, we are subject to increased exposure to certain catastrophic events such as hurricanes, tropical storms and tornadoes, as well as an increased risk of losses from such events. The occurrence of one or more catastrophic events or other conditions affecting losses in Florida may cause a disproportionately adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition.
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We also face a substantial number of lawsuits arising primarily from assignment of benefits (AOB) in the State of Florida. In recent years, Florida homeowners have been assigning the benefit of their insurance recovery to third parties, leading to increases in the severity and frequency of claims and the amount of litigation, interference in the adjustment of claims and one-way rights to claim attorney fees. The costs of defending this litigation are often high relative to the amounts in dispute. In July 2019, the Florida legislature enacted an AOB reform bill that intends to limit AOB litigation by creating requirements for the execution of an AOB and allowing an insurance policy to prohibit any AOB. We cannot guarantee that this new legislation will reduce the future impact of AOB practices, or whether additional legislation will be passed to further address AOB.
In 2020, we have increased our exposure in Louisiana and Texas representing approximately 22.5% of our policies in-force and 15.6% of our total insured value at December 31, 2020. Therefore, any changes in the prevailing regulatory, legal, economic, political, demographic, competitive, weather and other conditions in these states when coupled with the conditions in Florida will likely have a significant impact on our revenues and profitability.
Because we rely on insurance agents, the loss of these agent relationships, particularly our relationship with AmRisc, LLC (AmRisc), or our inability to attract and incentivize new agents could have an adverse impact on our business.
We market our policies to a broad range of prospective policyholders through approximately 7,200 independent agents representing over 6,400 agencies as of December 31, 2020. Many of these agents are independent insurance agents that own their customer relationships, and our agency contracts with them limit our ability to directly solicit business from our existing policyholders. Independent agents commonly represent other insurance companies, including our competitors, and we do not control their activities. As a result, we must compete with other insurers for independent agents’ business. Our competitors may offer a greater variety of insurance products, lower premiums for insurance coverage or higher commissions to their agents. As a result, our business is dependent on the marketing efforts of these independent agents and on our ability to offer products and services that meet their and their customers’ requirements. Historically, we have used marketing relationships with national insurance companies and associations of independent insurance agents to attract and retain agents and agency groups. The loss of these marketing relationships could adversely impact our ability to attract new agents or retain our agency network and policies in force. Failure to grow or maintain our agency relationships, a failure to attract and incentivize new agents or the failure of agents to act as anticipated could adversely affect sales of our insurance products.
Additionally, ACIC and JIC have managing agency contracts (the MGA contracts) with AmRisc, pursuant to which AmRisc serves as ACIC’s and JIC’s managing general agent for binding and writing commercial residential property lines for condominium, townhome and homeowners association insurance written in Florida. The contract between ACIC and AmRisc is exclusive, while the contract between JIC and AmRisc is not. Additionally, JIC has engaged another managing general agency for commercial residential property lines for condominium, townhome and homeowners’ association insurance in the other states in which it currently writes business. Under the MGA contract with ACIC, AmRisc must produce a certain volume of business for ACIC. Therefore, failure of AmRisc to produce the required volume of business could cause us to lose substantial premiums and could require us to seek one or more alternative managing general agents. If we were unable to find a replacement managing general agent, our revenues could decrease, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Given the concentration of ACIC’s commercial business and operations with AmRisc, AmRisc may have substantial leverage in negotiations with ACIC regarding the MGA contracts, and amendments to the terms and conditions of the MGA contracts and other changes to the commercial relationship between AmRisc and ACIC could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Following the termination or expiration of the MGA contracts, ACIC’s ability to compete for and solicit renewals of business previously underwritten by AmRisc on their respective behalves may be limited by legal, commercial and other impediments, including AmRisc’s relationship with other insurance producers that control the business. Such impediments could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations due to the concentration of ACIC’s business with AmRisc.
We have a concentration of personal lines business written with certain agencies that account for a substantial portion of our policies in-force.
We currently derive a significant portion of our revenues from Allstate Insurance Company through their Ivantage program, which refers their Florida automobile insurance policyholders to us and Allstate’s other partners to provide homeowners insurance. The Allstate relationship accounted for approximately 10.5% of our gross written premium for the year ended December 31, 2020. Should Allstate terminate their relationship with us or otherwise direct some or all of their automobile customers to their other partners, the loss of future policyholders could have a material adverse effect upon our financial condition, business, prospects and results of operations.
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Actual claims incurred may exceed our loss reserves for claims, which could adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.
Loss reserves represent our estimate of ultimate unpaid losses for claims that have been reported and claims that have been incurred but not yet reported. Loss reserves do not represent an exact calculation of liability, but instead represent our best estimate, generally utilizing actuarial expertise, historical information and projection techniques at a given reporting date.
The process of estimating our loss reserves involves a high degree of judgment and is subject to a number of variables. These variables can be affected by both internal and external events, such as changes in claims handling procedures, economic inflation, legal trends, legislative changes, emerging economic and social trends and varying judgments and viewpoints of the individuals involved in the estimation process, among others. In addition, application of statistical and actuarial methods in estimating our loss reserves may require the adjustment of overall reserves upward or downward from time to time. Future loss experience substantially in excess of our loss reserves could substantially harm our results of operations and financial condition.
Because of the inherent uncertainty in estimating loss reserves, including reserves for catastrophes, additional liabilities resulting from one insured event, or an accumulation of insured events, may exceed our existing loss reserves. If our reserves are inadequate, it may cause us to overstate our earnings for the periods during which our reserves for expected losses was insufficient.
We may experience government-levied assessments. Although we may have the ability to collect this assessment from our policyholders, the timing of collection may have a material adverse effect on our results of operations.
Our insurance subsidiaries are subject to assessments levied by various governmental and quasi-governmental entities in the states in which we operate. While we may have the ability to recover these assessments from policyholders through policy surcharges in some states in which we operate, our payment of the assessments and our recoveries may not offset each other in the same reporting period in our financial statements and may cause a material adverse effect on our results of operations in a particular reporting period.
We have identified and remediated material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting. Our failure to maintain adequate internal controls could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and stock price.
“Internal control over financial reporting” refers to those processes within a company that are designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 requires our management to annually assess the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting. Management concluded that we did not maintain effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018 due to the material weaknesses; however, these weaknesses were remediated as of December 31, 2019.
If we fail to maintain adequate internal controls, or if we have future material weaknesses in our internal controls, in each case in accordance with applicable standards, we may be unable to conclude on an ongoing basis that we have effective internal control over financial reporting in accordance with Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. Because effective internal controls are necessary for us to produce reliable financial reports, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be harmed, investors could lose confidence in our reported financial information, and the market price for our stock could decline if our internal controls do not remain effective or if future material weaknesses in our internal controls are identified.
If we experience difficulties with our information technology or data security systems and/or outsourcing relationships, our ability to conduct our business could be negatively impacted, which could adversely affect our financial condition or results of operations.
We use computer systems to store, retrieve, evaluate and utilize customer, employee, company and third-party data and information. Our business is highly dependent upon our information technology systems and the ability of key vendors and third-party administrators’ to perform necessary business functions in an efficient and uninterrupted fashion. Our ability to process policies and adjust claims in a timely manner could be impaired by an unplanned shutdown or failure of one or more systems or facilities due to man-made or natural disruption. These include an event leading to power outages, loss of facility access, a major Internet failure, pandemic or a failure of one or more of our information technology, telecommunications or other systems. Because our information technology and telecommunications systems interface with and often depend on third-party systems, we could experience service denials if demand for such service exceeds capacity or a third-party system fails or experiences an interruption. If sustained or repeated, such a business interruption, system failure or service denial could result
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in a deterioration of our ability to write and process new and renewal business, provide customer service, pay claims in a timely manner or perform other necessary business functions.
Despite our continual evaluation of potential attackers’ techniques and tactics and our efforts in monitoring, training, planning and prevention, our information technology systems are vulnerable to computer viruses, natural disasters, unauthorized access, cyber-attacks, system failures, human error and negligence and similar disruptions. There is no assurance that our security measures will provide fully effective protection from such disruptions. Because techniques used to obtain unauthorized access or to sabotage systems evolve rapidly, we may be unable to anticipate these techniques or to implement comprehensive preventative measures. A material breach in the security of our information technology systems and data could include the theft of our confidential or proprietary information, including trade secrets, and the personally identifiable information of our customers, claimants, agents and employees. From time to time, we have experienced threats to our data and information technology systems, including malware and computer virus attacks, attempts of unauthorized access, system failures and disruptions. Disruptions or security breaches resulting in a loss or damage to our data or inappropriate disclosure of proprietary or confidential information, or the personally identifiable information of our customers, claimants, agents and employees, could cause significant damage to our reputation, adversely affect our relationships with our customers, result in litigation or regulatory investigations, increase remediation costs and/or regulatory penalties, and ultimately harm our business. Third parties to whom we outsource certain functions are also subject to the risks outlined above, any one of which may result in our incurring substantial costs and other negative consequences, including a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
In addition, we may transmit, receive and store personally identifiable, confidential and proprietary information by any number of standard data transmission methods or other electronic means. We may be unable to keep such information confidential, in all events, especially with clients, vendors, service providers, counterparties and other third parties who may not have or use appropriate controls to protect confidential information. Furthermore, we are subject to compliance with laws and regulations enacted by U.S. federal and state governments, or enacted by various regulatory organizations or exchanges relating to the privacy and security of the information of clients, employees or others. The compromise of personally identifiable, confidential or proprietary information could result in remediation costs, legal liability, regulatory action and reputational harm.
Additionally, in the absence of overarching federal law, individual states are adopting their own privacy and cybersecurity laws and regulations. For example, the New York State Department of Financial Services (NYDFS) adopted regulation providing minimum standards for an organization’s cybersecurity program and requiring additional certification confirming compliance. Though the NYDFS cybersecurity regulation helps to reduce the third-party risk, the evolving compliance and operational requirements of privacy and cybersecurity laws and regulations impose significant costs that are likely to increase over time and may restrict the way services involving data are offered, all of which may adversely affect our results of operations.
Loss of key vendor relationships or failure of a vendor to protect personally identifiable information of our customers, claimants or employees could have an adverse effect on our business, results of operations or financial condition.
We rely on services and products provided by many third-party vendors. These include, for example, vendors of computer hardware and software and vendors of services such as claim adjustment services and payroll and benefits vendors who process sensitive personally identifiable information. In the event that one or more of our vendors suffers a bankruptcy, renews its contractual arrangement on terms less favorable to us, fails to comply with legal or regulatory requirements or otherwise becomes unable to continue to provide products or services, or fails to protect personally identifiable information of our customers, claimants or employees, we may suffer operational impairments and financial losses. An interruption in or the cessation of service by any service provider as a result of system failures, capacity constraints, financial difficulties or for any other reason could disrupt our operations, impact our ability to offer certain products and services and result in contractual or regulatory penalties, liability claims from clients or employees, damage to our reputation and harm to our business. Moreover, in the event of a data breach involving any of our third-party vendors, our customers, claimants or employees’, personally identifiable information could also be put at risk. Any such data breach involving our third-party vendors could result in significant mitigation or legal expenses for us, which could materially and adversely affect our reputation, relationships with our customers, business, results of operations and financial condition.
Our success has been and will continue to be greatly influenced by our ability to attract and retain the services of senior management, the loss of any of whom could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.
Our senior executive officers play an integral role in the development and management of our business given their skills, knowledge of our business, years of industry experience and the potential difficulty of promptly finding qualified replacement
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employees. Due to the intense competition in our industry for senior executive officers with demonstrated ability, we cannot guarantee that any such officers will continue their employment with us. Additionally, we do not maintain any key person life insurance policies on any of our officers or employees. Losing any of our senior executive officers and/or not succeeding in attracting and retaining senior executive officers could have an adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition.
Our acquisitions, mergers, dispositions and other strategic transactions may not be as successful as we anticipate, and could be difficult to integrate, divert management resources, result in unanticipated costs or dilute our existing stockholders.
Part of our continuing business strategy is to evaluate opportunities to merge with and acquire companies that complement our business model or make other strategic transactions that facilitate or expedite the accomplishment of our business goals. We may be unable to identify suitable counterparties to such a transaction. Even if we enter into an agreement in respect of a merger with or acquisition of another business, disposition of a business or other strategic transaction, we may not be able to finalize a transaction after significant investment of time and resources due to, among other things, a lack of regulatory approval or imposition of a burdensome condition by the regulator.
In connection with an acquisition, merger, disposition or other strategic transaction, we could incur debt, amortization expenses related to intangible assets, large and immediate write-offs, assume liabilities or issue stock that would dilute our current stockholders’ percentage of ownership. As a result, there is a risk of transaction-related litigation. Such strategic transactions could pose numerous risks to our operations, including risks relating to:
•incurring substantial unanticipated integration costs;
•diverting significant management attention and financial resources from our other operations and disrupting our ongoing business during the assimilations of such acquired businesses;
•losing key employees, particularly those of the acquired operations;
•keeping existing customs and retaining the acquired business’ customers;
•failing to realize the strategic benefits or the potential cost savings or other financial benefits of the acquisitions or mergers;
•incurring unanticipated liabilities or claims from the acquired businesses and contractually-based time and monetary limitations on the seller’s obligation to indemnify us for such liabilities or claims; and
•limitations on our ability to access additional capital when needed.
We are also subject to a certain level of risk regarding the actual condition of the businesses that we acquire. Until we actually assume operating control of such businesses and their assets and operations, we may not be able to ascertain the actual value or understand the potential liabilities of the acquired entities and their operations. As a result, we may not be able to complete acquisitions, mergers or other strategic transactions or integrate the operations, products or personnel gained through any such acquisition, merger or other strategic transaction without a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We face risks associated with joint ventures and investments in which we share ownership or management with third parties.
From time to time, we have and may continue to enter into joint ventures and invest in entities in which we share ownership or management with third parties, such as our strategic partnership with a subsidiary of Tokio Marine Kiln Group Limited to form JIC. In certain circumstances, we may not have complete control over governance, financial reporting, operations, legal and regulatory compliance or other matters relating to such joint ventures or entities. As a result, we may face certain operating, financial, legal, regulatory, compliance and other risks relating to these joint ventures and entities, including, but not limited to, risks related to the financial strength of joint venture partners and other investors; the willingness of joint venture partners and other investors to provide adequate funding for the joint venture or entity; differing goals, strategies, priorities or objectives between us and joint venture partners or other investors; our inability to unilaterally implement actions, policies or procedures with respect to the joint venture or entity that we believe are favorable; legal and regulatory compliance risks relating to actions of the joint venture, entity, joint venture partners or other investors; and the risk that we will be unable to resolve disputes with joint venture partners or other investors. As a result, joint ventures and investments in which we share ownership or management subject us to risk and may contribute significantly less than anticipated to our earnings and cash flows.
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Our Senior Notes place certain restrictions on our operations and our failure to comply with such restrictions, including as a result of events beyond our control, could result in an event of default, which could materially and adversely affect our liquidity, financial condition and results of operations.
Our 6.25% Senior Notes due 2027 (Senior Notes) place certain restrictions on the Company’s financial operations. Because we are a holding company, our assets consist primarily of the securities of our subsidiaries. The negative pledge provisions in the Senior Notes limit our ability to pledge securities of our subsidiaries and restrict dispositions of the capital stock of our subsidiaries. Our Senior Notes require us to maintain certain financial ratios and to comply with various operational and other covenants, including limitations on our ability to incur any indebtedness unless certain conditions are met. Our failure to comply with such restrictions, including as a result of events beyond our control, could result in an event of default and an acceleration of the maturity of the Senior Notes. We cannot assure you that our assets or cash flow would be sufficient to fully repay the Senior Notes if accelerated, or that we would be able to restructure the payments on the Senior Notes. This could have a material adverse impact on our liquidity, financial condition and results of operations.
The outbreak of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic and related business disruption and economic uncertainty could adversely impact our business, results of operations and financial condition.
During 2020, a novel strain of coronavirus (COVID-19) spread to many countries in the world, including the United States, and the outbreak was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization in March 2020.
Considerable uncertainty still surrounds the COVID-19 virus and its potential impact, and the extent of and effectiveness of responses taken on international, national and local levels. The extent of the impact of COVID-19 on our business, results of operations and financial condition will depend, in large part, on future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted with confidence such as:
•the duration and severity of the spread;
•the extent and duration of business closures, travel restrictions, social distancing and other actions taken to contain and treat COVID-19;
•the availability and effectiveness of vaccines for COVID-19; and
•the effectiveness of actions taken by governmental authorities to contain and treat the virus.
However, measures taken to limit the impact of COVID-19, including shelter-in-place orders, social distancing measures, travel bans and restrictions, and business and government shutdowns, have already resulted in significant negative economic impacts on the United States and globally. The pandemic has resulted and continues to result in extreme volatility and disruptions in the economy. While we have not incurred any significant disruptions to our business operations, financial position, liquidity or our ability to service our policyholders as of the date of this Form 10-K, with the exception of fluctuations in our investment portfolios due to the volatility in the equity securities markets, the continued impacts of COVID-19 (including a severe or prolonged economic downturn due to impacts from COVID-19) could result in a variety of risks to our business, including:
•an increase in the default of insurance premiums coinciding with an increase in unemployment rates and customers' inability to pay premiums;
•our ability to meet regulatory and debt service requirements;
•a decline in premiums as a result of limited new business production, weaker renewal retention rates, higher mid-term cancellations, more stringent regulatory requirements or a rating agency downgrade that would impact both agency and consumer confidence;
•travel restrictions and quarantines leading to a lack of in-person meetings, which could hinder the efficiency of our internal operations and our ability to establish relationships with agents to generate new business;
•contraction of the global reinsurance markets resulting from uncertainties related to current and future COVID-19 claims on underlying risks;
•higher frequency and/or severity of claims from certain perils such as theft, fire and liability, as well as fraudulent insurance loss schemes and litigation attempting to force coverage;
•legislative, judicial and regulatory actions may expand coverage definitions, retroactively mandate coverage or otherwise require us to pay losses for damages that our insurance policies explicitly excluded or were not intended or priced to cover;
•changes in the equity markets, changes in interest rates, and reduced liquidity leading to a decline in the value of our investment portfolio;
•a recession or market correction could materially affect the value of our common stock; and
•our third-party vendors experiencing shutdowns or other business disruptions which impact our ability to conduct our business in the manner and on the timelines presently planned.
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RISKS RELATED TO THE INSURANCE INDUSTRY
Because we are operating in a highly competitive market, we may lack the resources to control our market share, which could adversely impact our business and results of operations.
The property and casualty insurance industry is highly competitive, and we believe it will remain highly competitive for the foreseeable future. The principal competitive factors in our industry are price, service, coverage options, underwriting guidelines, commission structure and financial condition. We compete with other property and casualty insurers that underwrite property and casualty insurance in the same geographic areas in which we operate and some of those insurers have greater financial resources and have a longer operating history than we do. In addition, our competitors may offer products for alternative forms of risk protection that we presently do not offer or are not similarly regulated in the admitted market, which could adversely affect the sales of our products. Customers may turn to our competitors as a result of our failure to deliver on customer expectations, service flaws, technology issues, gaps in operational support or other issues affecting customer experience. We also compete with new companies that continue to enter the insurance market. We may have difficulty controlling our market share while rates are increasing due to an increase in reinsurance costs and losses from the high frequency of catastrophe events in recent years.Competition could limit our ability to retain existing business or to write new business at adequate rates, and such limitation may cause a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial position.
In addition, industry developments could further increase competition in our industry. These developments could include:
•an influx of new capital in the marketplace as existing companies attempt to expand their businesses and new companies attempt to enter the insurance business as a result of better premium pricing and/or policy terms;
•an increase in programs in which state-sponsored entities provide property insurance in catastrophe-prone areas;
•changes in state regulatory climates; and
•the passage of federal proposals for an optional federal charter that would allow some competing insurers to operate under regulations different or less stringent than those applicable to us.
These developments and others could make the property and casualty insurance marketplace more competitive by increasing the supply of insurance available. If competition limits our ability to write new business at adequate rates, our future results of operations would be adversely affected.
Changes in state regulation may adversely affect our results of operation and financial condition.
As a holding company with operating insurance company subsidiaries, we are subject to the laws and regulations of the various states in which our insurance subsidiaries operate. From time to time, states pass legislation, and regulators take action, that has the effect of limiting the ability of insurers to manage risk, such as legislation prohibiting insurers from reducing exposures or withdrawing from catastrophe-prone areas, or mandating that insurers participate in residual markets. In addition, legislative initiatives and court decisions can seek to expand insurance coverage for insured losses beyond the original intent of the policies, which could cause our actual loss and loss adjustment expense to exceed our estimates. Further, our ability to increase pricing to the extent necessary to offset rising loss or operating costs requires approval of insurance regulatory authorities.
Our ability to appropriately manage our catastrophe exposure by raising prices, modifying underwriting terms or reducing exposure to certain geographies may be limited due to considerations of public policy, the evolving political environment and our ability to penetrate other geographic markets through our diversification strategy, which may cause a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and cash flows. We cannot predict whether and to what extent the adoption of new legislation and regulations would affect our ability to manage our exposure to catastrophic events.
The insurance industry is heavily regulated and further restrictive regulation may reduce our profitability and limit our growth.
The insurance industry is extensively regulated and supervised. Insurance regulatory authorities generally design insurance rules and regulations to protect the interests of policyholders, and not necessarily the interests of insurers, their stockholders, and other investors. This regulation relates to authorization for lines of business, capital and surplus requirements, investment limitations, underwriting limitations, transactions with affiliates, dividend limitations, changes in control, premium rates and a variety of other financial and non-financial components of an insurance company’s business. We are subject to comprehensive regulation and supervision by state insurance departments in all states in which our insurance subsidiaries are domiciled, as well as all states in which they are licensed, sell insurance products, issue policies, or handle claims. The regulations of each state are
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unique and complex and subject to change, and certain states may have regulations that conflict with the regulations of other states in which we operate. As a result, we are subject to the risk that compliance with the regulations in one state may not result in compliance with the regulations in another state.
We strive to maintain all required licenses and approvals. However, we may not fully comply with the wide variety of applicable laws and regulations. The relevant authority’s interpretation of the laws and regulations also may change from time to time. Regulatory authorities have relatively broad discretion to grant, renew or revoke licenses and approvals. If we do not have the required licenses and approvals or do not comply with applicable regulatory requirements, these authorities could preclude or temporarily suspend us from carrying on some or all of our activities or impose substantial fines. In addition, we may face individual and class action lawsuits by insured and other parties for alleged violations of certain of these laws or regulations.
State statutes and administrative rules generally require each insurance company to register with the department of insurance in its state of domicile and to furnish information concerning the operations of the companies within the holding company system. Failure to comply with such requirements may materially affect the operations, management or financial condition of the insurers. As part of its registration, each insurance company must identify material agreements, relationships and transactions with affiliates, including loans, investments, asset transfers, transactions outside of the ordinary course of business, certain management, service, and cost sharing agreements, reinsurance transactions, dividends, and other financial and non-financial components of an insurer’s business. Some states impose restrictions or require prior regulatory approval of specific corporate actions, which may adversely affect our ability to operate, innovate, obtain necessary rate adjustments in a timely manner or grow our business profitably. Our ability to comply with these laws and regulations, and to obtain necessary regulatory action in a timely manner is, and will continue to be, critical to our success.
Currently, the federal government’s role in regulating or dictating the policies of insurance companies is limited. However, from time to time Congress has considered and may in the future consider proposals that would increase the role of the federal government in insurance regulation, either in addition to or in lieu of state regulation. For example, the Dodd-Frank Act established a Federal Insurance Office (FIO) within the U.S. Department of Treasury Department to collect data on the insurance industry, recommend changes to the state system of insurance regulation and preempt certain state insurance laws. The potential impact on our business as a result of the Dodd-Frank Act and the FIO’s current and future recommendations remains unclear; however, the implementation of any federal insurance regulations that constrain our business opportunities or reduce investment flexibility could negatively impact our business.
In recent years, the state insurance regulatory framework has come under increased federal scrutiny. Changes in federal legislation, regulation and/or administrative policies in several areas, including changes in financial services regulation and federal taxation, could negatively affect the insurance industry and us. In addition, Congress and some federal agencies from time to time investigate the current condition of insurance regulation in the United States to determine whether to impose federal or national regulation or to allow an optional federal charter, similar to the option available to most banks. Further, the NAIC and state insurance regulators continually reexamine existing laws and regulations, specifically focusing on modifications to holding company regulations, interpretations of existing laws and the development of new laws and regulations. We cannot predict what effect, if any, proposed or future legislation or NAIC initiatives may have on the manner in which we conduct our business.
As part of potential, or future, industry-wide investigations, we may from time to time receive requests for information from government agencies and authorities at the state or federal level. If we are subpoenaed for information by government agencies and authorities, potential outcomes could include law enforcement proceedings or settlements resulting in fines, penalties and/or changes in business practices that could cause a material adverse effect on our results of operations. In addition, these investigations may result in changes to laws and regulations affecting the industry.
Changes to insurance laws or regulations, or new insurance laws and regulations, may be more restrictive than current laws or regulations and could significantly increase our compliance costs, which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and our prospects for future growth. Additionally, our failure to comply with certain provisions of applicable insurance laws and regulations could result in significant fines or penalties being levied against us and may cause a material adverse effect on our results of operations or financial condition.
Our inability to obtain reinsurance on acceptable terms could increase our loss exposure or limit our ability to underwrite policies, which could adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.
We use, and we expect to continue to use, reinsurance to help manage our exposure to property risks. Reinsurance is insurance for insurers and is fundamentally a promise by the reinsurer to pay possible future claims in exchange for the
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payment of a premium by the insurance company seeking reinsurance. Both the availability of reinsurance and the costof reinsurance are subject to prevailing market conditions beyond our control, which can affect business volume and profitability. We may be unable to maintain our current reinsurance coverage, to obtain additional reinsurance coverage in the event our current reinsurance coverage is exhausted by a catastrophic event, or to obtain other reinsurance coverage in adequate amounts or at acceptable rates. Similar risks exist whether we are seeking to replace coverage terminated during the applicable coverage period or to renew or replace coverage upon its expiration. Market conditions beyond our control determine the availability and cost of reinsurance. For example, reinsurance may be more difficult or costly to obtain after a year with a large number of major catastrophes. We may be unable to reduce per event or aggregate retentions when renewing or replacing our coverage due, in part, to the frequency of storms in prior year, which would increase our risk exposure and could ultimately lead to us paying higher claims. We provide no assurance that we can obtain sufficient reinsurance to cover losses resulting from one or more storms or other events in the future, or that we can obtain such reinsurance in a timely or cost-effective manner. If we are unable to renew our expiring coverage or to obtain new reinsurance coverage, either our net exposure to risk would increase or, if we are unwilling to accept an increase in net risk exposures, we may have to reduce the amount of risk we underwrite or accept higher reinsurance costs. Any of these alternatives may cause a material adverse effect on our results of operations and our financial condition.
Our inability to collect from our reinsurers on our reinsurance claims could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operation, financial condition and cash flow.
We use reinsurance as a tool to manage risks associated with our business. However, we remain primarily liable as the direct insurer on all risks for which we obtain reinsurance. Our reinsurance agreements do not eliminate our obligation to pay claims to insureds. As a result, we are subject to counterparty risk with respect to our ability to recover amounts due from reinsurers. The risk could arise in two situations: (i) our reinsurers may dispute some of our reinsurance claims based on contract terms, and we may ultimately receive partial or no payment, or (ii) the amount of losses that reinsurers incur related to worldwide catastrophes may materially harm the financial condition of our reinsurers and cause them to default on their obligations. Collectability of reinsurance is subject to the solvency of the reinsurers, interpretation of contract language and other factors. A reinsurer’s insolvency, inability to make payments, or dispute of its obligations under the terms of a reinsurance contract could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flow.
Our efforts to manage these risks through underwriting guidelines, collateral requirements, financial strength ratings and other oversight mechanisms may not be successful. As a result, our exposure to counterparty risk under our reinsurance agreements may have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and cash flow.
Our investments are subject to market risks that may result in reduced returns or losses.
Our investment assets are invested by professional investment management firms under the direction of our management team in accordance with investment guidelines approved by the Investment Committee of the Board of Directors. Our investments are subject to market risks and risks inherent in individual securities. In particular, interest rates are highly sensitive to many factors, including monetary and fiscal policy, domestic and international economic and political issues, the impact of domestic and international decisions regarding the COVID-19 pandemic and other factors beyond our control.
Our portfolio is primarily invested in fixed income securities and changes in the general interest rate environment will affect our returns on, and the fair value of, our fixed maturity and short-term investments. A decline in interest rates reduces the interest rate payable on new fixed income investments, thereby negatively impacting our net investment income. Conversely, rising interest rates reduce the fair value of existing fixed maturities. The volatility of any losses may force us to liquidate securities, which may cause us to incur capital losses. Realized fixed income and equity and unrealized equity losses in our investment portfolio would generally reduce our book value and, if significant, could affect our ability to conduct business. In addition, defaults under, or impairments of, any of these investments as a result of financial problems with the issuer and, where applicable, its guarantor could reduce our net investment income and net realized investment gains or result in investment losses.
We are subject to risks associated with potential declines in credit quality related to specific issuers and a general weakening in the economy. We may experience credit or default losses in our portfolio, including as a result of the failure of the procedures we have implemented to monitor the credit risk of our invested assets, which could adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.
We may decide to invest an additional portion of our assets in equity securities, private equity limited partnership interests or other investments, which are generally subject to greater volatility than fixed maturity investments. Moreover, our private equity limited partnership interests are subject to transfer restrictions and may be illiquid. General economic conditions, stock
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market conditions, geopolitical events and many other factors beyond our control can adversely affect the fair value of our equity securities or other investments, and could adversely affect our realization of net investment income. As a result of these factors, we may not realize an adequate return on our investments or we may incur losses on sales of our investments, which could reduce our net investment income and net realized investment gains or result in investment losses.
The fair value of our investment portfolio is also subject to valuation uncertainties. The valuation of investments is more subjective when the markets for these investments are illiquid and may increase the risk that the estimated fair value of our investment portfolio is not reflective of prices at which actual transactions would occur. Additionally, in the case of our private equity limited partnership interests, such valuations are determined by outside managers.
Our determination of the amount of credit allowances to record varies by investment type and is based upon our periodic evaluation and assessment of known and inherent credit risks associated with the respective investment type. We revise our evaluations and assessments as conditions change and new information becomes available, and we reflect changes in the credit allowance in our Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss). We base our assessment of whether a credit allowance is required based on our case-by-case evaluation of the underlying reasons for the decline in fair value. However, we may not accurately assess whether a credit allowance is required and the recorded amounts for a credit allowance in our financial statements may be inadequate.
Federal and/or state tax legislation could be enacted that would lessen or eliminate some or all of the tax advantages we currently benefit from, including those governing received deductions and tax credits, which could adversely affect the value of our investment portfolio.
The property and casualty insurance and reinsurance industry is historically cyclical and the pricing and terms for our products may decline, which would adversely affect our profitability.
Historically, the financial performance of the property and casualty insurance and reinsurance industry has been cyclical, characterized by periods of severe price competition and excess underwriting capacity, or “soft” markets, followed by periods of high premium rates and shortages of underwriting capacity, or “hard” markets. We cannot predict with certainty when such a period may occur or how long any given hard or soft market will last. Downturns in the property and casualty market may cause a material adverse effect on our results of operations and our financial condition.
Losses from legal actions may materially affect our operating results, cash flows and financial condition.
Trends in the insurance industry regarding claims and coverage issues, such as increased litigation and the willingness of courts to expand covered causes of loss, may contribute to increased litigation costs and increase our loss exposure under the policies that we underwrite.
As industry practices and legal, judicial, social and other environmental conditions change, unexpected and unintended issues related to claims and coverage may emerge. Examples of emerging claims and coverage issues include, but are not limited to:
•judicial expansion of policy coverage and the impact of new theories of liability; and
•plaintiffs targeting property and casualty insurers in purported class-action litigation relating to claims-handling and other practices.
Multiparty or class action claims may present additional exposure to substantial economic, non-economic or punitive damage awards. The loss of even one of these claims, if it resulted in a significant award or a judicial ruling that was otherwise detrimental, could create a precedent in our industry that could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition. This risk of potential liability may make reasonable settlements of claims more difficult to obtain.
We may be named a defendant in a number of legal actions relating to those emerging claim and coverage issues. The propensity of policyholders and third-party claimants to litigate and the willingness of courts to expand causes of loss and the size of awards may result in increased costs associated with litigation, render our loss reserves inadequate and may be material to our operating results and cash flows for a particular quarter or annual period and to our financial condition. In addition, claims and coverage issues may not become apparent to us for some time after our issuance of the affected insurance policies. As a result, we may not know the full extent of liability under insurance policies we issue for many years after the policies are issued.
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As of December 31, 2020, approximately 40.1% of our policies in-force were written in Florida.Due to this geographic concentration, we face an increased risk of litigation due to AOB claims that our competitors that are not focused on Florida may not experience.This increased litigation has increased our legal defense costs, increased our claims payments and resulted in management distraction.
A downgrade in our financial strength or stability ratings could adversely impact our business volume and our ability to access additional debt or equity financing.
Financial strength or stability ratings are important to an insurer’s competitive position. Ratings measure an insurance company’s ability to meet its obligation to contract holders and policyholders. High ratings help maintain public confidence in a company’s products, facilitate the marketing of its products and enhance the company’s competitive position. Rating agencies review their ratings periodically, and our current ratings may not be maintained in the future. If significant losses, such as those resulting from one or more major catastrophes, or significant reserve additions were to cause our capital position to deteriorate significantly, or if one or more rating agencies substantially increase their capital requirements, we may need to raise equity capital in the future to maintain our ratings or limit the extent of a downgrade. For example, a trend of more frequent and severe weather-related catastrophes may lead rating agencies to substantially increase their capital requirements.
We cannot guarantee that our insurance affiliates, UPC, FSIC, IIC and ACIC will maintain their current A (Exceptional) or higher ratings by Demotech and A- ratings by Kroll or that JIC will maintain its current A- rating by AM Best. Any downgrade of these ratings could impact the acceptability of our products to mortgage lenders that require homeowners to buy insurance, reduce our ability to retain and attract policyholders and agents and damage our ability to compete, which may cause a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition. These material adverse effects could include, but are not limited to:
•reducing demand for new sales of insurance products;
•requiring us to modify our existing products or services, introduce new products or services or reduce prices for our products and services, in order to remain competitive;
•adversely affecting our relationships with our independent agents;
•materially increasing the number or amount of policy cancellations and non-renewals by policyholders;
•requiring us to post additional collateral under certain of our financing transactions;
•limiting financial flexibility and access to capital markets;
•adversely affecting our ability to obtain reinsurance at reasonable prices or at all; and
•increasing the interest rates on our outstanding Senior Notes.
RISKS RELATED TO AN INVESTMENT IN OUR COMMON STOCK
Future sales of substantial amounts of our common stock by us or our existing stockholders could cause our stock price to decrease.
As of December 31, 2020, we had registered up to $100,000,000 of our securities (including our common stock) for sale from time to time in one or more offerings. Additional equity financings or other share issuances by us could adversely affect the market price of our common stock. Future share issuances in connection with merger transactions or other acquisitions could result in substantial additional dilution to our stockholders.
Dividend payments on our common stock in the future are uncertain, and our ability to pay dividends may be constrained by our holding company structure.
We have paid dividends on our common stock in the past. However, the declaration and payment of dividends will be at the discretion of our Board of Directors and will be dependent upon our profits, financial requirements and other factors, including legal and regulatory restrictions on the payment of dividends from our subsidiaries (as we are a holding company and do not have any significant operations or assets other than our ownership of the shares of our operating subsidiaries), capital adequacy, liquidity, general business conditions and such other factors as our Board of Directors deems relevant. Therefore, investors who purchase our common stock may only realize a return on their investment if the value of our common stock appreciates.
The ability of our subsidiaries to pay dividends may affect our liquidity and ability to meet our obligations.
The Company is a holding company with no significant operations. The principal assets are the stock of its subsidiaries and the holding company’s directly held investment portfolio. State insurance regulatory authorities limit the payment of dividends
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by insurance subsidiaries, as described in Note 13 of our Consolidated Financial Statements. The limitations are based on statutory income and surplus. In addition, competitive pressures generally require the subsidiaries to maintain insurance financial strength ratings. These restrictions and other regulatory requirements affect the ability of the subsidiaries to make dividend payments. Limits on the ability of the subsidiaries to pay dividends could adversely affect holding company liquidity, including our ability to pay dividends to stockholders and service our debt in the timeframe expected.
Management views enterprise economic capital as a combination of statutory surplus and invested assets at the parent holding company level. Deterioration in statutory surplus or earnings, from developments such as catastrophe losses, or changes in market conditions or interest rates, could adversely affect holding company liquidity by impacting the amount of dividends from our subsidiaries or the utilization of invested assets at the holding company to increase statutory surplus or for other corporate purposes.
The substantial ownership of our common stock by R. Daniel Peed and his affiliates allows him to exert significant control over us, and the Company and R. Daniel Peed are subject to certain restrictive covenants that may restrict our ability to pursue certain opportunities.
R. Daniel Peed, our Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board, beneficially owned approximately 32% of our issued and outstanding common stock at December 31, 2020. Mr. Peed also has a proxy from another member of RDX Holding, LLC, the former parent company of AmCo, who beneficially owns approximately 8% of our issued and outstanding common stock. As a result, Mr. Peed is able to exert substantial control over us. Moreover, Mr. Peed’s interests may conflict with the interests of other holders of our common stock and he may take actions affecting us with which other stockholders may disagree. Mr. Peed has the ability to exert significant influence over the following:
•the nomination, election and removal of our Board of Directors;
•the adoption of amendments to our charter documents;
•management and policies;
•our day-to-day operations; and
•the outcome of any corporate transaction or other matter submitted to our stockholders for approval, including mergers, consolidations and the sale of all or substantially all of our assets.
Mr. Peed, AmCo and ACIC are also subject to restrictive covenant agreements that contain non-competition, non-solicitation, confidentiality and other restrictive covenants that prohibit Mr. Peed, AmCo and ACIC from engaging in certain activities, including activities customarily performed by managing general agents and activities relating to segments of the commercial property insurance market for coastally exposed risks in the United States. Additionally, in connection with our merger with AmCo, we agreed to be subject to a restrictive covenant expiring on June 1, 2022 that will prohibit the formation, investment in or development, acquisition or ownership of any managing general agent or entity that performs activities customarily performed by managing general agents, or the engagement in customary managing general agent functions with respect to the commercial property insurance business. These restrictive covenants may restrict us and Mr. Peed from pursuing opportunities for expansion, including opportunities to act as or perform functions similar to a managing general agent, and therefore may limit our overall growth potential.
Further, we entered into a stockholder’s agreement with Mr. Peed and certain affiliates of Mr. Peed, which provides those stockholders with rights that our other stockholders do not have. Although the stockholder’s agreement requires shares beneficially owned by Mr. Peed and his affiliates to be voted in proportion to the votes cast by other stockholders on any proposal on which our stockholders are entitled to vote, this restriction will terminate on the earlier of (i) April 3, 2022 and (ii) the date that Mr. Peed and his affiliates beneficially own less than 25% of our voting securities.
Transactions by Mr. Peed and his affiliates involving our common stock may have an adverse effect on the price of our common stock.
As noted above, Mr. Peed beneficially owned approximately 32% of our issued and outstanding common stock as of December 31, 2020. The Company has granted Mr. Peed and his affiliates customary demand and piggyback registration rights pursuant to which, subject to certain limitations, all of such shares eligible to be registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the Securities Act), and may be offered and sold to the public from time to time after the effectiveness of the related registration statement. Such shares may also be resold into the public markets in accordance with an exemption from registration under the Securities Act, including Rule 144, subject to the volume limitations, manner of sale requirements and notice requirements thereof. Sales of our common stock by Mr. Peed and his affiliates could have the effect of lowering our stock price. The perceived risk associated with the possible sale of a large number of shares by these stockholders could cause some of our other stockholders to sell their stock, thus causing the price of our stock to decline. In addition, actual or
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anticipated downward pressure on our stock price due to actual or anticipated sales of stock by Mr. Peed and his affiliates could cause other institutions or individuals to engage in short sales of our common stock, which may further cause the price of our stock to decline.
Provisions in our charter documents may make it harder for others to obtain control of us even though some stockholders might consider such a development to be favorable.
Our charter and bylaws contain provisions that may discourage unsolicited takeover proposals our stockholders may consider to be in their best interests. Our Board of Directors is divided into two classes, each of which will generally serve for a term of two years with only one class of directors being elected in each year. At a given annual meeting, only a portion of our Board of Directors may be considered for election. Additionally, the Board of Directors and executive officers control greater than 50% of the Common Stock of the Company. Consequently, our “staggered board” and concentrated holdings may prevent our stockholders from replacing a majority of our Board of Directors at certain annual meetings, and may entrench our management and discourage unsolicited stockholder proposals that may be in the best interests of our stockholders.
Further, our Board of Directors has the ability to designate the terms of and issue one or more series of preferred stock, which may discourage transactions that otherwise could involve payment of a premium over prevailing market prices for our securities.
Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments
None.
Item 2. Properties
We use all of our owned and leased properties for office space. We own three buildings located in St. Petersburg, Florida. Our principal executive office contains approximately 40,000 square feet of commercial office space and associated property. We have two secondary locations of approximately 7,800 square feet and 8,000 square feet of commercial office space. All three buildings are used as our principal executive offices.
We lease in total approximately 22,400 square feet of office space located in Florida, New York, Hawaii, and Minnesota. These leases are generally short-term to medium-term leases of commercial office space.
Item 3. Legal Proceedings
We are involved in routine claims-related legal actions arising in the ordinary course of business. We accrue amounts resulting from claims-related legal actions in unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses during the period that we determine an unfavorable outcome becomes probable and we can estimate the amounts. Management makes revisions to our estimates based on its analysis of subsequent information that we receive regarding various factors, including: (i) per claim information; (ii) company and industry historical loss experience; (iii) judicial decisions and legal developments in the awarding of damages; and (iv) trends in general economic conditions, including the effects of inflation.
At December 31, 2020, we were not involved in any material non-claims-related legal actions.
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures
Not applicable.
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PART II
Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
MARKET INFORMATION
Our common stock trades on the Nasdaq Capital Market (Nasdaq) under the symbol “UIHC”.
HOLDERS OFCOMMON EQUITY
As of March 1, 2021, we had 2,486 holders of record of our common stock. The number of record holders does not include stockholders who are beneficial owners, but whose shares are held in street name by brokers and other nominees.
DIVIDENDS
During 2020, we paid a regular quarterly dividend of $0.06 per share of our common stock. While we expect to continue to pay a regular quarterly dividend of $0.06 per share in 2021, any future dividend payments will be at the discretion of our Board of Directors and will depend upon our profits, financial requirements and other factors, including legal and regulatory restrictions on the payment of dividends, general business conditions and such other factors as our Board of Directors deems relevant.
During February 2020, we received a $12,000,000 dividend from IIC. During August 2019, we received a dividend of $13,579,000 from our insurance subsidiary, ACIC. During November 2018, ACIC and IIC paid dividends to the Company of $50,000,000 and $1,764,000, respectively. Additionally, we returned the $1,764,000 dividend to IIC in 2019, which was originally paid in 2018.
Under Florida law, Florida-domiciled insurers such as UPC, ACIC, and JIC may not pay any dividend or distribute cash or other property to its shareholders except out of its available and accumulated surplus funds which are derived from realized net operating profits on its business and net realized capital gains. Additionally, Florida-domiciled insurers may not make dividend payments or distributions to shareholders without the prior approval of the insurance regulatory authority if the dividend or distribution would exceed the larger of:
1.the lesser of:
a.10% of the insurer’s capital surplus, or
b.100% of the insurer’s net income, not including realized capital gains, plus a two-year carryforward
2.10% of the insurer’s capital surplus with dividends payable constrained to unassigned funds minus 25% of unrealized capital gains, or
3.the lesser of:
a.10% of the insurer’s capital surplus, or
b.100% of the insurer’s net investment income plus a three-year carryforward with dividends payable constrained to unassigned funds minus 25% of unrealized capital gains.
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Alternatively, UPC, ACIC, or JIC may pay a dividend or distribution without the prior written approval of the insurance regulatory authority when:
1.the dividend is equal to or less than the greater of:
a.10% of the insurer’s surplus as to policyholders derived from realized net operating profits on its business and net realized capital gains, or
b.The insurer’s entire net operating profits and realized net capital gains derived during the immediately preceding calendar year, and:
i.The insurer will have surplus as to policyholders equal to or exceeding 115% of the minimum required statutory surplus as to policyholders after the dividend or distribution is made, and
ii.The insurer files a notice of the dividend or distribution with the insurance regulatory authority at least ten business days prior to the dividend payment or distribution, and
iii.The notice includes a certification by an officer of the insurer attesting that, after the payment of the dividend or distribution the insurer will have at least 115% of required statutory surplus as to policyholders.
Except as provided above, Florida-domiciled insurers may only pay a dividend or make a distribution (i) subject to prior approval by the insurance regulatory authority, or (ii) 30 days after the insurance regulatory authority has received notice of intent to pay such dividend or distribution and has not disapproved it within such time. As of December 31, 2020, we were in compliance with these requirements.
Under the insurance regulation of Hawaii, the maximum amount of dividends that a Hawaii-domiciled insurer such as FSIC may pay to its parent company without prior approval from the Hawaii Insurance Commissioner is:
1.the lesser of:
a.10% of the insurer’s surplus as of December 31 of the preceding year, or
b.10% of the net income, not including realized capital gains, for the twelve-month period ending December 31 of the preceding year.
In performing the net income test, property and casualty insurers may carry-forward income from the previous two calendar years that has not already been paid out as dividends. This carry-forward is computed by taking the net income from the second and third preceding calendar years, not including realized capital gains, less dividends paid in the second and third immediately preceding calendar years. As of December 31, 2020, we were in compliance with these requirements.
Under the insurance regulations of New York, a New York-domiciled insurer such as IIC may not declare or distribute any dividend to shareholders which, together with all dividends declared or distributed by it during the next preceding twelve months, exceeds:
1.the lesser of:
a.10% of the insurer’s surplus to policyholders as shown on its latest statement on file with the Superintendent, or
b.100% of “adjusted net investment income” during that period.
New York law defines “adjusted net investment income” to mean net investment income for the twelve months immediately preceding the declaration or distribution of the current dividend increased by the excess, if any, of net investment income over dividends declared or distributed during the period commencing 36 months prior to the declaration or distribution of the current dividend and ending 12 months prior thereto.
See Note 13 to our Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for further discussion of restrictions on future payments of dividends by our insurance affiliates.
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PERFORMANCE GRAPH
Set forth below is a line graph comparing the dollar change in the cumulative total stockholder return on our common stock from December 31, 2015 through December 31, 2020 as compared to the cumulative total return of the Russell 2000 Index and the Nasdaq Insurance Index. The cumulative total stockholder return is a concept used to compare the performance of a company’s stock over time and is the ratio of the stock price change plus the cumulative amount of dividends over the specified time period (assuming dividend reinvestment), to the stock price at the beginning of the time period. The chart depicts the value on each December 31 from 2015 through 2020 of a $100 investment made on December 31, 2015 with all dividends reinvested.
The foregoing performance graph and data shall not be deemed “filed” as part of this Form 10-K for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or otherwise subject to the liabilities of that section and should not be deemed incorporated by reference into any other filing of the Company under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, except to the extent the Company specifically incorporates it by reference into such filing.
RECENT SALES OF UNREGISTERED SECURITIES
During 2020, we did not have any unregistered sales of our equity securities.
REPURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES
During 2020, we did not repurchase any of our equity securities.
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Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and related notes appearing in Part II, Item 8 of this Form 10-K. The following discussion provides an analysis of our results of operations and financial condition for 2020 as compared to 2019. Discussion regarding our results of operations and financial condition for 2019 as compared to 2018 is included in Part II, Item 7 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019. This discussion and analysis contains forward-looking statements that involve risks, uncertainties and assumptions. Actual results may differ materially from those expressed or implied in these forward-looking statements as a result of certain known and unknown risks and uncertainties. See “Forward-Looking Statements.”
OVERVIEW
United Insurance Holding Corp. is a holding company primarily engaged in residential personal and commercial property and casualty insurance in the United States. We conduct our business principally through four wholly-owned insurance subsidiaries and one majority-owned insurance subsidiary: United Property & Casualty Insurance Company (UPC); American Coastal Insurance Company (ACIC); Family Security Insurance Company, Inc. (FSIC); Interboro Insurance Company (IIC); and Journey Insurance Company (JIC). Collectively, we refer to the holding company and all our subsidiaries, including non-insurance subsidiaries, as “UPC Insurance,” which is the preferred brand identification for our Company.
Our Company’s primary source of revenue is generated from writing insurance in Connecticut, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Louisiana, Massachusetts, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Rhode Island, South Carolina and Texas. We are also licensed to write property and casualty insurance in an additional six states; however, we have not commenced writing in these states. Our target market in such areas consists of states where the perceived threat of natural catastrophe has caused large national insurance carriers to reduce their concentration of policies. We believe an opportunity exists for UPC Insurance to write profitable business in such areas.
We have historically grown our business through strong organic growth complemented by strategic acquisitions and partnerships, including our acquisitions of AmCo Holding Company (AmCo) and its subsidiaries, including ACIC, in April 2017, IIC in April 2016, and Family Security Holdings, LLC (FSH), including its subsidiary FSIC in February 2015, and our strategic partnership with a subsidiary of Tokio Marine Kiln Group Limited (Kiln), which formed JIC in August 2018. During 2020, our policies in-force has remained constant, increasing by only 0.6% from 627,230 policies in-force at December 31, 2019 to 630,991 policies in-force at December 31, 2020.
Our business is subject to the impact of weather-related catastrophes on our loss and loss adjustment expenses (LAE). Over the last three years, the frequency of these catastrophes has increased. As a result, we have experienced higher catastrophe losses during the prior three years. During the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019, and 2018, thirteen, five, and six named storms, respectively, made landfall in our geographic footprint, resulting in retained pre-tax catastrophe losses of $208,157,000, $32,170,000, and $53,227,000, respectively. In addition, during each of the three years we increased our loss and LAE reserves as a result of development trends from 2017’s Hurricane Irma, that indicated our ultimate gross loss estimate should be increased.
The following discussion highlights significant factors influencing the consolidated financial position and results of operations of UPC Insurance. In evaluating our results of operations, we use premiums written and earned, policies in-force and new and renewal policies by geographic concentration. We also consider the impact of catastrophe losses and prior year development on our loss ratios, expense ratios and combined ratios. In monitoring our investments, we use credit quality, investment income, cash flows, realized gains and losses, unrealized gains and losses, asset diversification and portfolio duration. To evaluate our financial condition, we consider our liquidity, financial strength, ratings, book value per share and return on equity.
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Consolidated Net Income (Loss)
Year Ended December 31,
REVENUE:
Net unrealized gains (losses) on equity securities (27,562) 24,761 (9,300)
EXPENSES:
Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests 956 387 104
Net income (loss) attributable to UIHC $ (96,454) $ (29,872) $ 290
Net income (loss) per diluted share $ (2.25) $ (0.70) $ 0.01
Return on equity based on GAAP net income (loss) (20.2) % (5.6) % 0.1 %
Effect of current year catastrophe losses on combined ratio 38.5 % 12.9 % 14.5 %
Effect of prior year development on combined ratio (0.9) % 4.4 % 0.6 %
(1) Loss ratio, net is calculated as losses and LAE net of losses ceded to reinsurers, relative to net premiums earned. Management uses this operating metric to analyze our loss trends and believes it is useful for investors to evaluate this component separately from our other operating expenses.
(2) Expense ratio is calculated as the sum of all operating expenses less interest expense relative to net premiums earned. Management uses this operating metric to analyze our expense trends and believes it is useful for investors to evaluate these components separately from our loss expenses.
(3) Combined ratio is the sum of the loss ratio, net and expense ratio. Management uses this operating metric to analyze our total expense trends and believes it is a key indicator for investors when evaluating the overall profitability of our business.
(4) Underlying combined ratio, a measure that is not based on GAAP, is reconciled above to the combined ratio, the most directly comparable GAAP measure. Additional information regarding non-GAAP financial measures presented in this Form 10-K can be found in “Definitions of Non-GAAP Measures”, below.
(5) Included in both the expense ratio and the combined ratio is amortization expense predominately associated with the AmCo, IIC, and FSH acquisitions, which cause comparative differences among periods.
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DEFINITIONS OF NON-GAAP MEASURES
We believe that investors’ understanding of UPC Insurance’s performance is enhanced by our disclosure of the following non-GAAP measures. Our methods for calculating these measures may differ from those used by other companies and therefore comparability may be limited.
Combined ratio excluding the effects of current year catastrophe losses and prior year reserve development (underlying combined ratio) is a non-GAAP measure, that is computed by subtracting the effect of current year catastrophe losses and prior year development from the combined ratio. We believe that this ratio is useful to investors, and it is used by management to highlight the trends in our business that may be obscured by current year catastrophe losses and prior year development. Current year catastrophe losses cause our loss trends to vary significantly between periods as a result of their frequency of occurrence and magnitude, and can have a significant impact on the combined ratio. Prior year development is caused by unexpected loss development on historical reserves. We believe it is useful for investors to evaluate these components separately and in the aggregate when reviewing our performance. The most directly comparable GAAP measure is the combined ratio. The underlying combined ratio should not be considered as a substitute for the combined ratio and does not reflect the overall profitability of our business.
Net loss and LAE excluding the effects of current year catastrophe losses and prior year reserve development (underlying loss and LAE) is a non-GAAP measure that is computed by subtracting the effect of current year catastrophe losses and prior year reserve development from net loss and LAE. We use underlying loss and LAE figures to analyze our loss trends that may be impacted by current year catastrophe losses and prior year development on our reserves. As discussed previously, these two items can have a significant impact on our loss trends in a given period. We believe it is useful for investors to evaluate these components both separately and in the aggregate when reviewing our performance. The most directly comparable GAAP measure is net loss and LAE. The underlying loss and LAE measure should not be considered a substitute for net loss and LAE and does not reflect the overall profitability of our business.
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UNITED INSURANCE HOLDINGS CORP.
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Net loss attributable to UIHC for the year ended December 31, 2020 increased by $66,582,000 to $96,454,000, compared to $29,872,000 for the year ended December 31, 2019. The increase in net losses was primarily due to an increase in losses and LAE during 2020, offset by an increase in net realized investment gain and net unrealized loss on equity securities.
Revenues
Our gross written premiums increased by $76,595,000, or 5.5%, to $1,456,863,000 for the year ended December 31, 2020, from $1,380,268,000 for the year ended December 31, 2019, primarily reflecting the impact of rate increases in multiple states across all regions, as well as organic growth in new and renewal business generated in the Gulf and Southeast regions. These increases were partially offset by a decrease in assumed premiums of $56,322,000 or 55.4%, due to the termination of a contract which included commercial property business assumed from unaffiliated insurers. The breakdown of the year-over-year changes in both direct and assumed written premiums by region and gross written premium by line of business are shown in the table below.
Direct Written and Assumed Premium By Region (1) 2020 2019 Change
Gross Written Premium by Line of Business
(1) “Gulf” is comprised of Hawaii, Louisiana and Texas; “Northeast” is comprised of Connecticut, Massachusetts, New Jersey, New York and Rhode Island; and “Southeast” is comprised of Georgia, North Carolina and South Carolina.
(2) Assumed premium written for 2020 and 2019 primarily included commercial property business assumed from unaffiliated insurers.
(3) Includes gross written premium from flood policies.
New and Renewal Policies(1) By Region(2) 2020 2019 Change
(1) Only includes new and renewal homeowner, commercial and dwelling fire policies written during the year.
(2) “Northeast” is comprised of Connecticut, Massachusetts, New Jersey, New York and Rhode Island; “Gulf” is comprised of Hawaii, Louisiana and Texas; and “Southeast” is comprised of Georgia, North Carolina and South Carolina.
Ceded premiums earned increased by $60,191,000, or 10.4%, to $641,317,000 for the year ended December 31, 2020 from $581,126,000 for 2019. The increase is primarily driven by a $53,301,000 increase in ceded premiums earned from our quota share agreement. During the first five months of 2019, the agreement covered only UPC at a cession rate of 20%. Effective June 1, 2019 and through the entirety of the year ended December 31, 2020, the agreement was renewed to also include FSIC and to increase the cession rate to 22.5% for both companies. This resulted in more ceded premiums earned year-over-year. In addition, upon renewal of the quota share agreement effective June 1, 2020, we no longer include an offset for unearned reinsurance commission from the provisional ceding commission related to our quota share agreement increasing ceded earned premiums by $7,227,000 year-over-year.
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UNITED INSURANCE HOLDINGS CORP.
Net investment income decreased by $6,020,000, or 20.0%, to $24,125,000 for the year ended December 31, 2020 from $30,145,000 for 2019. The decrease is driven by a $2,789,000 decrease in income from our cash and cash equivalents as a result of lower yields in 2020 from volatility in the interest market as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. Our alternative investments have produced lower returns during the year ended December 31, 2020 causing a $1,215,000 decrease in net investment income. In addition, the net investment yield of our fixed maturities portfolio decreased from 2.1% at December 31, 2019 to 1.0% at December 31, 2020, resulting in a decrease of $1,478,000 in investment income generated from our fixed maturity portfolio.
Net realized investment gains and net unrealized gains (losses) on equity securities increased by $13,140,000, or 50.6%, to a net gain of $39,129,000 for the year ended December 31, 2020 from a net gain of $25,989,000 for 2019, primarily driven by the disposal of our equity portfolio and the sale and reinvestment of our fixed maturity portfolio, during a favorable price environment, in efforts to mitigate potential surplus declines from market volatility for each of our insurance subsidiaries.
Expenses
Expenses for the year ended December 31, 2020 increased $120,992,000, or 14.1%, to $978,833,000 for the year ended December 31, 2020, from $857,841,000 for 2019. The increase in expenses was primarily due to an increase in loss and LAE as a result of the higher frequency of catastrophe activity during 2020. The calculations of our combined loss ratios and underlying loss ratios are shown below.
($ in thousands) Year ended
December 31,
% of Gross earned premiums 43.2 % 37.5 % 5.7 pts
% of Net earned premiums 79.4 % 66.4 % 13.0 pts
Less:
% of Gross earned premiums 22.8 % 27.7 % (4.9) pts
% of Net earned premiums 41.8 % 49.1 % (7.3) pts
(1) Underlying loss and LAE is a non-GAAP financial measure and is reconciled above to net loss and LAE, the most directly comparable GAAP measure. Additional information regarding non-GAAP financial measures presented in this Form 10-K can be found in the “Definitions of Non-GAAP Measures” section, above.
The calculations of the Company’s expense ratios are shown below.
($ in thousands) Year ended
December 31,
% of Gross earned premiums 25.7 % 26.1 % (0.4) pts
% of Net earned premiums 47.1 % 46.3 % 0.8 pts
Loss and LAE increased by $108,823,000, or 21.8%, to $608,316,000 for the year ended December 31, 2020, from $499,493,000 for the year ended December 31, 2019. Loss and LAE expense as a percentage of net earned premiums increased 13.0 points to 79.4% for the year ended December 31, 2020, compared to 66.4% for the year ended December 31, 2019.
During the year ended December 31, 2020 there was a higher frequency of catastrophe events when compared to prior years. Excluding catastrophe losses and reserve development, our gross underlying loss and LAE ratio for the year ended
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UNITED INSURANCE HOLDINGS CORP.
December 31, 2020 would have been 22.8%, an decrease of 4.9 points from 27.7% during the year ended December 31, 2019, representing an improvement in current year non-catastrophe loss and LAE expense.
Policy acquisition costs decreased by $2,266,000, or 1.0%, to $236,002,000 for the year ended December 31, 2020, from $238,268,000 for the year ended December 31, 2019. The primary driver of the decrease in costs was a decrease in assumed ceding commission expense of $12,465,000, as a result of the decline in our assumed line of business during 2020, which was offset in part by an increase in managing general agent commissions related to commercial premiums of $10,786,000.
Operating and underwriting expenses increased by $8,566,000, or 19.3%, to $52,876,000 for the year ended December 31, 2020, from $44,310,000 for the year ended December 31, 2019, primarily due to increased expenses related to our investment in technology of $8,637,000.
General and administrative expenses increased by $6,068,000, or 9.2%, to $72,057,000 for the year ended December 31, 2020, from $65,989,000 for the year ended December 31, 2019, primarily due to increased salary and benefit related costs of $3,210,000 from an increase in employee headcount and an increase in professional services expenses of $2,763,000, from costs incurred to plan construction of a new headquarters building, which was subsequently discontinued.
We experienced favorable reserve development in the current year and its historical impact on our net loss and net underlying loss ratios is outlined in the following table.
Historical Reserve Development
(1) Underlying net loss and LAE Ratio is a non-GAAP measure and is reconciled above to the Consolidated net loss and LAE Ratio, the most directly comparable GAAP measure. Additional information regarding non-GAAP financial measures presented in this Form 10-K can be found in the “Definitions of Non-GAAP Measures” section, above.
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UNITED INSURANCE HOLDINGS CORP.
ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our accompanying consolidated financial statements and related notes in Part II, Item 8 in this Form 10-K.
Investments
The primary goals of our investment strategy are to preserve capital, maximize after-tax investment income, maintain liquidity and minimize risk. To accomplish our goals, we purchase debt securities in sectors that represent the most attractive relative value, and we maintain a moderate equity exposure. Limiting equity exposure manages risks and helps to preserve capital for two reasons: first, bond market returns are less volatile than stock market returns, and second, should the bond issuer enter bankruptcy liquidation, bondholders generally have a higher priority than equity holders in a bankruptcy proceeding.
We must comply with applicable state insurance regulations that prescribe the type, quality and concentrations of investments our insurance subsidiaries can make; therefore, our current investment policy limits investment in non-investment-grade fixed maturities and limits total investment amounts in preferred stock, common stock and mortgage notes receivable. We do not invest in derivative securities.
Two outside asset management companies, which have authority and discretion to buy and sell securities for us, manage our investments subject to (i) the guidelines established by our Board of Directors and (ii) the direction of management. The Investment Committee of our Board of Directors reviews and approves our investment policy on a regular basis.
Our cash and investment portfolios totaled $1,296,549,000 at December 31, 2020 compared to $1,298,780,000 at December 31, 2019.
The following table summarizes our investments, by type:
Estimated Fair Value Percent of Total Estimated Fair Value Percent of Total
Public utilities — — % 3,663 0.3 %
Other common stocks — — % 44,492 3.4 %
We classify all of our investments as available-for-sale. Our investments at December 31, 2020 and 2019 consisted mainly of U.S. government and agency securities, states, municipalities and political subdivisions, mortgage-backed securities and securities of investment-grade corporate issuers. Our equity holdings in 2020 and 2019 consisted mainly of securities issued by companies in the energy, consumer products, financial, technology and industrial sectors. Most of the corporate bonds we hold
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UNITED INSURANCE HOLDINGS CORP.
reflected a similar diversification. At December 31, 2020, approximately 87.6% of our fixed maturities were U.S. Treasuries, or corporate bonds rated “A” or better, and 12.4% were corporate bonds rated “BBB” or “BB”.
The most significant impact of COVID-19 on our business during the year ended December 31, 2020 was the fluctuations in our investment portfolios due to volatility in the equity securities markets that we were unable to predict. During the second half of the year ended December 31, 2020, we decreased our equity portfolio from 9.1% of our total invested assets (including cash, restricted cash and cash equivalents) at June 30, 2020 to 0.6% of our total invested assets (including cash, restricted cash and cash equivalents) at December 31, 2020. As a result of this decrease, we experienced a decreased impact from fluctuations in the equity securities markets on our financial statements for the second half of the year ended December 31, 2020. We may continue seeing volatile swings in the markets through 2021 if economic stresses persist. Management is working closely with our investment asset managers to monitor the fluctuations in the markets and the corresponding impact to our portfolios. Future declines in the markets due to COVID-19 may have a negative impact on our investment returns; however, we have taken a conservative approach and have limited our exposure to the volatility in the equity markets to less than 10% of our invested assets.
Reinsurance
We follow industry practice of reinsuring a portion of our risks. Reinsurance involves transferring, or “ceding”, all or a portion of the risk exposure on policies we write to another insurer, known as a reinsurer. To the extent that our reinsurers are unable to meet the obligations they assume under our reinsurance agreements, we remain primarily liable for the entire insured loss under the policies we write.
Our reinsurance program is designed, utilizing our risk management methodology, to address our exposure to catastrophes. According to the Insurance Service Office (ISO), a catastrophe loss is defined as a single unpredictable incident or series of closely related incidents that result in $25,000,000 or more in U.S. industry-wide direct insured losses to property and that affect a significant number of policyholders and insurers (ISO catastrophes). In addition to ISO catastrophes, we also include as catastrophes those events (non-ISO catastrophes), which may include losses, that we believe are, or will be, material to our operations which we define as incidents that result in $1,000,000 or more in losses for multiple policyholders.
Effective January 1, 2020, we renewed our all other perils catastrophe excess of loss agreement (AOP) agreement. The agreement provides protection from catastrophe loss events other than named windstorms and earthquakes up to $110,000,000, an increase of $10,000,000 from 2019. Additionally, we increased our aggregate protection provided under this agreement by adding a prepaid reinstatement to the $30,000,000 of limit provided by second layer of the program.
During the second quarter of 2020, we placed our reinsurance program for the 2020 hurricane season. We purchased catastrophe excess of loss reinsurance protection of $3,300,000,000. The treaties reinsure personal and commercial lines property excess catastrophe losses caused by multiple perils including hurricanes, tropical storms, and tornadoes. The treaties were effective as of June 1, 2020, for a one-year term and incorporate the mandatory coverage required by and placed with the Florida Hurricane Catastrophe Fund (FHCF). The FHCF covers Florida risks only and we participate at 90%. In addition, effective June 1, 2020, we renewed our quota share agreement for a one-year term expiring May 31, 2021.
Effective December 31, 2020, we extended our quota share reinsurance agreement that was set to expire on May 31, 2021. This quota share reinsurance agreement has a cession rate of 30.5% for all subject business and provides coverage for all catastrophe perils and attritional losses. This cession rate is comprised of a quota share cession of 23.0% through May 31, 2022, which covers UPC, FSIC and ACIC with the remaining 7.5% pending renewal at June 1, 2021 covering UPC and FSIC only. Effective January 1, 2020, we renewed the aggregate excess of loss agreement to provide coverage against accumulated losses from specified catastrophe events, for a term of 12 months.
Effective December 31, 2020, we entered into a property quota share reinsurance agreement with HPC, effective as of December 31, 2020. According to the terms of this reinsurance contract, UPC Insurance will cede and HPC will assume a 69.5% quota share of our personal lines homeowners business in Connecticut, Massachusetts, New Jersey and Rhode Island on an in-force, new and renewal basis for the period from December 31, 2020 through May 31, 2021.
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UNITED INSURANCE HOLDINGS CORP.
Reinsurance costs as a percent of gross earned premium during the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 were as follows:
Non-at-Risk (2.4) % (2.5) %
Total Ceding Ratio (45.6) % (43.6) %
We amortize our ceded unearned premiums over the annual agreement period, and we record that amortization in ceded premiums earned on our Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss). The table below summarizes the amounts of our ceded premiums written under the various types of agreements, as well as the amortization of ceded unearned premiums:
Year Ended December 31,
(1) We began writing cyber security and inland flood policies in 2020.
Current year catastrophe losses disaggregated between named and numbered storms and all other catastrophe loss events are shown in the following table.
Current period catastrophe losses incurred
Current period catastrophe losses incurred
Named and numbered storms 5 $ 32,170 4.3 %
All other catastrophe loss events 32 64,705 8.6 %
Current period catastrophe losses incurred
Named and numbered storms 5 $ 53,227 7.7 %
All other catastrophe loss events 27 46,761 6.8 %
(1) Incurred loss and LAE is equal to losses and LAE paid plus the change in case and incurred but not reported reserves. Shown net of losses ceded to reinsurers. Incurred loss and LAE and number of events includes the development on storms during the year in which it occurred.
See Note 8 in our Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information regarding our reinsurance program.
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UNITED INSURANCE HOLDINGS CORP.
Unpaid Losses and Loss Adjustments
We generally use the term “loss(es)” to collectively refer to both loss and LAE. We establish reserves for both reported and unreported unpaid losses that have occurred at or before the balance sheet date for amounts we estimate we will be required to pay in the future, including provisions for claims that have been reported but are unpaid at the balance sheet date and for obligations on claims that have been incurred but not reported at the balance sheet date. Our policy is to establish these loss reserves after considering all information known to us at each reporting period. At any given point in time, our loss reserve represents our best estimate of the ultimate settlement and administration costs of our insured claims incurred and unpaid.
Unpaid losses and LAE totaled $1,089,966,000 and $760,357,000 as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The balance has increased year over year as a result of increased current year incurred losses primarily related to a higher frequency of catastrophe activity during the third and fourth quarter of 2020. This increase also resulted in an increase in our reinsurance recoverables on unpaid losses balance at December 31, 2020 compared to December 31, 2019.
Since the process of estimating loss reserves requires significant judgment due to a number of variables, such as fluctuations in inflation, judicial decisions, legislative changes and changes in claims handling procedures, our ultimate liability will likely differ from these estimates. We revise our reserve for unpaid losses as additional information becomes available, and reflect adjustments, if any, in our earnings in the periods in which we determine the adjustments as necessary.
See Note 9 in our Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information regarding our losses and LAE.
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
We generate cash through premium collections, reinsurance recoveries, investment income, the sale or maturity of invested assets, the issuance of debt and the issuance of additional shares of our stock. We use our cash to pay reinsurance premiums, claims and related costs, policy acquisition costs, salaries and employee benefits, other expenses and stockholder dividends, acquire subsidiaries and pay associated costs, as well as to repay debts and purchase investments.
As a holding company, we do not conduct any business operations of our own and, as a result, we rely on cash dividends or intercompany loans from our management subsidiaries to pay our general and administrative expenses. Insurance regulatory authorities heavily regulate our insurance subsidiaries, including restricting any dividends paid by our insurance subsidiaries and requiring approval of any management fees our insurance subsidiaries pay to our management subsidiaries for services rendered; however, nothing restricts our non-insurance company subsidiaries from paying us dividends other than state corporate laws regarding solvency. Our management subsidiaries pay us dividends primarily using cash from the collection of management fees from our insurance subsidiaries, pursuant to the management agreements in effect between those entities. In accordance with state laws, our insurance subsidiaries may pay dividends or make distributions out of that part of their statutory surplus derived from their net operating profit and their net realized capital gains. The RBC guidelines published by the NAIC may further restrict our insurance subsidiaries’ ability to pay dividends or make distributions if the amount of the intended dividend or distribution would cause their respective surplus as it regards policyholders to fall below minimum RBC guidelines. See Note 13 in our Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements and Part II, Item 5 for additional information.
During the year ended December 31, 2020, we contributed $12,000,000 and $3,000,000 to our insurance subsidiary, UPC, and reinsurance subsidiary, UPC Re, respectively. During the year ended December 31, 2019, we contributed $4,000,000 and $13,000,000 to our insurance subsidiaries UPC and FSIC, respectively. We may make future contributions of capital to our insurance subsidiaries as circumstances require.
During February 2020, we received a dividend of $12,000,000 from IIC. During August 2019, we received a dividend of $13,579,000 from our insurance subsidiary ACIC. During November 2018, ACIC and IIC paid dividends to the Company of $50,000,000 and $1,764,000, respectively. In 2019, the $1,764,000 dividend paid by IIC in 2018 was returned by UIHC.
During August 2018, we contributed $40,000,000 to fund a new subsidiary, JIC, and Kiln contributed $20,000,000, for total funding of $60,000,000. JIC is owned 66.7% by the Company and 33.3% by Kiln.
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UNITED INSURANCE HOLDINGS CORP.
On December 13, 2017, we issued $150,000,000 of senior notes (Senior Notes) that will mature on December 15, 2027 and bear interest at a rate equal to 6.25% per annum payable semi-annually on each June 15 and December 15, commencing June 15, 2018. The Senior Notes are senior unsecured obligations of the Company. We may redeem the Senior Notes at our option, at any time and from time to time in whole or in part, at a redemption price equal to the greater of (i) 100% of the principal amount of the Senior Notes to be redeemed and (ii) the sum of the present values of the remaining scheduled payments of principal and interest thereon from the date of redemption to the date that is three months prior to maturity. On and after that date, we may redeem the Senior Notes at par.
As a result of claim activity from the current and prior years, we have an obligation related to the unpaid policyholder losses and unpaid loss adjustment expenses associated with the settling of these claims. As of December 31, 2020, our total obligation related to these claim payments was $1,089,996,000, of which we estimate $589,181,000 to be short-term in nature (due in less than twelve months), based upon our cumulative claims paid over the last 21 years. While we believe that historical performance of loss payment patterns is a reasonable source for projecting future claim payments, there is inherent uncertainty in this estimated projected settlement, and as a result these estimates will differ, perhaps significantly, from actual future payments.
In addition to our unpaid loss and loss adjustment expenses, as of December 31, 2020 we have outstanding debt obligations related to our notes payable totaling $160,376,000. This is exclusive of interest costs, which we estimate will total $65,629,000 over the life of the debt, based on the current fixed and variable interest rates of these notes. Our short-term obligation related to these notes payable total $1,523,000 in principal payments and $9,479,000 in estimated interest payments. For more information regarding these outstanding notes, please see Note 10.
In connection with entering into contracts with our outside vendors, we have minimum obligations due to our vendors over the life of the contracts. Our main vendor obligations are related to underwriting tools, claims and policy administration systems, and software used by our information technology department in their daily operations. Our total obligation related to these three categories of obligations are $2,610,000, $12,103,000, and $6,443,000, respectively. Of these obligations, $1,222,000, $5,668,000, and $1,443,000, respectively are short-term in nature.
Cash Flows for the Year Ended December 31, (in millions)
Operating Activities
The principal cash inflows from our operating activities come from premium collections, reinsurance recoveries and investment income. The principal cash outflows from our operating activities are the result of claims and related costs, reinsurance premiums, policy acquisition costs and salaries and employee benefits. A primary liquidity concern with respect to these cash flows is the risk of large magnitude catastrophe events.
During the year ended December 31, 2020, several changes in operating assets and liabilities were impacted by current year catastrophe losses. Unpaid losses and LAE increased during the period and, as a result, we expect an increase in cash outflows related to the payment of catastrophe claims in the near future. In addition, reinsurance recoverable on paid and unpaid losses increased during the period. In 2020, we saw losses above our reinsurance retention thresholds and subsequent reinsurance
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UNITED INSURANCE HOLDINGS CORP.
recoverables as a result of 13 named storms making landfall within our geographic footprint. In 2019, while we did have losses related to catastrophes, these catastrophes were less severe. As a result, fewer losses were incurred that were eligible for ceding under our reinsurance treaty.
Investing Activities
The principal cash inflows from our investing activities come from repayments of principal, proceeds from maturities and sales of investments. We closely monitor and manage these risks through our comprehensive investment risk management process. The principal cash outflows relate to purchases of investments and cost of property, equipment and capitalized software acquired. Additional cash outflows relate to the purchase of fixed assets. The primary liquidity concerns with respect to these cash flows are the risk of default by debtors and market disruption. During the year ended December 31, 2020, cash provided by (used in) investing activities increased $70,545,000 as the result of net sales of investments totaling $47,414,000 in 2020, compared to net purchases of investments of $12,083,000 in 2019.
Financing Activities
The principal cash inflows from our financing activities come from issuances of debt and other securities. The principal cash outflows come from repayments of debt and payments of dividends. The primary liquidity concern with respect to these cash flows is market disruption in the cost and availability of credit. We believe our current capital resources, together with cash provided from our operations, are sufficient to meet currently anticipated working capital requirements. During the year ended December 31, 2020, cash provided by (used in) financing activities decreased by $445,000 due to a $294,000 decrease year over year in cash outflows related to our repayment of our outstanding debt, as well as a $184,000 decrease year over year in our tax withholding payments related to the net settlement of equity awards.
RECENT ACCOUNTING STANDARDS
Please refer to Note 2(u) in our Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for a discussion of recent accounting standards that may affect us.
APPLICATION OF CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to adopt accounting policies and make estimates and assumptions that affect amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements. The most critical estimates include those used in determining:
•reserves for unpaid losses,
•fair value of investments,
•investment portfolio credit allowances, and
•goodwill.
In making these determinations, management makes subjective and complex judgments that frequently require estimates about matters that are inherently uncertain. Many of these policies, estimates and related judgments are common in the insurance industry. It is reasonably likely that changes in these estimates could occur from time to time and result in a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.
In addition, the preparation of our financial statements in accordance with GAAP prescribes when we may reserve for particular risks, including litigation exposures. Accordingly, our results for a given reporting period could be significantly affected if and when we establish a reserve for a major contingency. Therefore, the results we report in certain accounting periods may appear to be volatile and past results may not be indicative of results in future periods.
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UNITED INSURANCE HOLDINGS CORP.
Reserves for Unpaid Losses and LAE
Reserves for unpaid losses and LAE represent the most significant accounting estimate inherent in the preparation of our financial statements. These reserves represent management’s best estimate of the amount we will ultimately pay for losses and we base the amount upon the application of various actuarial reserve estimation techniques as well as considering other material facts and circumstances known at the balance sheet date.
As discussed in Note 9 in our Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, we determine our ultimate losses by using multiple actuarial methods to determine an actuarial estimate within a relevant range of indications that we calculate using generally accepted actuarial techniques. Our selection of the actuarial estimate is influenced by the analysis of our historical loss and claims experience since inception. For each accident year, we estimate the ultimate incurred losses for both reported and unreported claims. In establishing this estimate, we reviewed the results of various actuarial methods discussed in Note 9 in our Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
Fair Value of Investments
Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. We are responsible for the determination of fair value of financial assets and the supporting assumptions and methodologies. We use quoted prices from active markets and we use an independent third-party valuation service to assist us in determining fair value. We obtain only one single quote or price for each financial instrument.
As discussed in Note 3 in our Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, we value our investments at fair value using quoted prices from active markets, to the extent available. For securities for which quoted prices in active markets are unavailable, we use observable inputs such as quoted prices in inactive markets, quoted prices in active markets for similar instruments, benchmark interest rates, broker quotes and other relevant inputs. We also have investments in limited partnerships that require us to use the net asset value per share method of valuation to determine fair value.
Investment Portfolio Credit Allowances
For investments classified as available for sale, the difference between fair value and cost or amortized cost for fixed income securities is reported as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) on our Consolidated Balance Sheet and is not reflected in our net income (loss) of any period until reclassified to net income (loss) upon the consummation of a transaction with an unrelated third party. We have a portfolio monitoring process to identify and evaluate each fixed income security whose carrying value may be impaired as the result of a credit loss.
For each fixed-income security in an unrealized loss position, if we determine that we intend to sell the security or that it is more likely than not that we will be required to sell the security before recovery of the cost or amortized cost basis for reasons such as liquidity needs, contractual or regulatory requirements, the security's entire decline in fair value is recorded in earnings.
If our management decides not to sell the fixed-income security and it is more likely than not that we will not be required
to sell the fixed-income security before recovery of its amortized cost basis, we evaluate whether the decline in fair value has
resulted from credit losses or other factors. This is typically indicated by a change in the rating of the security assigned by a
rating agency, and any adverse conditions specifically related to the security or industry, among other factors. If the assessment
indicates that a credit loss may exist, the present value of cash flows expected to be collected from the security are compared to
the amortized cost basis of the security. If the present value of cash flows expected to be collected is less than the amortized
cost basis, a credit loss exists and an allowance for credit losses will be recorded in earnings. Credit loss is limited to the
difference between a security's amortized cost basis and its fair value. Any additional impairment not recorded through an
allowance for credit losses is recognized in other comprehensive income.
If the estimated recovery value is less than the amortized cost of the security, a credit loss exists and an allowance for the difference between the estimated recovery value and amortized cost is recorded in earnings. The portion of the unrealized loss related to factors other than credit remains classified in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). If we determine that the fixed income security does not have sufficient cash flow or other information to estimate a recovery value for the security, we may conclude that the entire decline in fair value is deemed to be credit related and the loss is recorded in earnings.
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UNITED INSURANCE HOLDINGS CORP.
Due to the adoption of Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2016-01 (ASU 2016-01) as of January 1, 2018, equity securities are reported at fair value with changes in fair value, including impairment write-downs, being recognized in the revenue section of our Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income.
See Note 2(b) in our Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for further information regarding our credit loss testing.
Measurement of Goodwill and Related Impairment
Goodwill is the excess of cost over the estimated fair value of net assets acquired. Goodwill is not amortized but is tested
for impairment at least annually or more frequently if events or circumstances, such as adverse changes in the business climate,
indicate that there may be justification for conducting an interim test. We test goodwill for impairment by performing a
quantitative assessment and goodwill is impaired when it is determined that the carrying value of a reporting unit is in excess of the fair value of that reporting unit. The valuation methodologies utilized are subject to key judgments and assumptions that are sensitive to change. Estimates of fair value are inherently uncertain and represent only management’s reasonable expectation regarding future developments.
Please refer to Note 2(j) in our Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for further information regarding our measurement of Goodwill and Related Impairment.
RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
Please refer to Note 14 in our Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for a discussion of our related party transactions.
Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Our investment objective is to preserve capital, maximize after-tax investment income, maintain liquidity and minimize risk. Our current investment policy limits investment in non-investment grade debt securities, and limits total investments in preferred stock, common stock and mortgage notes receivables. We also comply with applicable laws and regulations that further restrict the type, quality and concentration of our investments. In general, these laws and regulations permit investments, within specified limits and subject to certain qualifications, in federal, state and municipal obligations, corporate bonds, and preferred and common equity securities.
Our investment policy was established by the Investment Committee of our Board of Directors and is reviewed regularly. Pursuant to this investment policy, our fixed-maturity portfolio is classified as available for sale and we report any unrealized gains or losses, net of deferred income taxes, as a component of other comprehensive income (loss) within our stockholders’ equity. We do not hold any securities that are classified as held to maturity and we do not hold any securities for trading or speculation. We do not utilize any swaps, options, futures or forward contracts to hedge or enhance our investment portfolio. The unrealized gains or losses related to our equity securities are recorded on the income statement per the guidance in ASU 2016-01.
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UNITED INSURANCE HOLDINGS CORP.
INTEREST RATE RISK
Fixed-income securities are sensitive to potential losses resulting from unfavorable changes in interest rates. We manage the risk by analyzing anticipated movements in interest rates and considering our future capital and liquidity requirements.
The following table illustrates the impact of hypothetical changes in interest rates on the fair value of our fixed-income securities at December 31, 2020, and 2019:
Percentage
Increase
Change in (Decrease) in
Estimated Estimated Estimated
Hypothetical Change in Interest Rates Fair Value Fair Value Fair Value
Our calculations of the potential effects of hypothetical interest rate changes are based on several assumptions, including maintenance of the existing composition of fixed-income investments, and should not be considered indicative of future results. Based on our analysis, a 300-basis point decrease or increase in interest rates from the December 31, 2020 rates would not have a material impact on our results of operations or cash flows. As was announced in July 2017, LIBOR is anticipated to be phased out by the end of 2021. We are unable to predict the use of alternate reference rates and corresponding interest rate risk at this time.
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UNITED INSURANCE HOLDINGS CORP.
CREDIT RISK
Credit risk can expose us to potential losses arising principally from adverse changes in the financial condition of the issuer of our fixed-maturity securities. We mitigate this risk by generally investing in investment grade securities and by diversifying our investment portfolio to avoid concentrations in any single issuer or market sector.
The following table presents the composition of our fixed-income security portfolio by rating at December 31, 2020 and 2019:
% of Total
Amortized Amortized % of Total
Comparable Rating Cost Cost Fair Value Fair Value
In addition, we are exposed to credit risk through our reinsurance program. Reinsurance contracts do not relieve us from our obligations to policyholders. Failure of reinsurers to honor their obligations could result in losses to us. We evaluate the financial condition of our reinsurers and monitor concentrations of credit risk to minimize our exposure to significant losses from reinsurer insolvencies.
We also are exposed to credit risk through our outstanding premiums receivable and notes receivable balances. We evaluate the age of our premium receivables to minimize our exposure to significant losses due to nonpayment. We evaluate the financial condition of our borrowers to minimize our exposure to significant losses from borrower insolvencies.
After our evaluation of all credit risks described above, if we feel it is necessary, we record a credit loss allowance to address these credit risks. For more information regarding our credit loss allowance, please refer to Note 2(d).
EQUITY PRICE RISK
Our equity investment portfolio at December 31, 2020 consisted of common stocks and non-redeemable preferred stocks. We may incur potential losses due to adverse changes in equity security prices. We manage this risk primarily through industry and issuer diversification and asset allocation techniques.
During 2020, we decreased our equity portfolio from 11.5% of our total investments (excluding cash, restricted cash and cash equivalents) at December 31, 2019 to 0.7% of our total investments (excluding cash, restricted cash and cash equivalents) at December 31, 2020. We realized net gains of $34,723,000 as a result of these disposals. We disposed of such equity securities in order to mitigate potential surplus declines from market volatility for each of our insurance subsidiaries.
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UNITED INSURANCE HOLDINGS CORP.
The following table illustrates the composition of our equity portfolio at December 31, 2020 and 2019:
% of Total
Stocks by Sector Fair Value Fair Value
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UNITED INSURANCE HOLDINGS CORP.
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the shareholders and the Board of Directors of United Insurance Holdings Corp.
Opinion on the Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheet of United Insurance Holdings Corp. and subsidiaries (the "Company") as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, the related consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss), stockholders' equity, and cash flows, for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2020, and the related notes and the schedules listed in the Index at Item 15 (collectively referred to as the "financial statements"). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2020, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2020, based on criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission and our report dated March 9, 2021, expressed an unqualified opinion on the Company's internal control over financial reporting.
Basis for Opinion
These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company's financial statements based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audit included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audit also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Critical Audit Matter
The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current-period audit of the financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that (1) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.
LIABILITY FOR UNPAID LOSSES AND LOSS ADJUSTMENT EXPENSE (LAE)- Refer to Notes 2 and 9 to the Financial Statements
Critical Audit Matter Description
As a provider of both residential and commercial property and casualty insurance, the Company establishes reserves for both reported and unreported unpaid losses that have occurred at or before the balance sheet date for amounts estimated which they will be required to pay in the future, including provisions for claims that have been reported but are unpaid at the balance sheet date and for obligations on claims that have been incurred but not reported at the balance sheet date (herein “loss reserves”). Due to the nature and unpredictability in both the severity and frequency of these events and their related claims, the Company uses a significant amount of judgment in estimating the loss reserves, including analyzing historical and industry loss data, claims frequency and severity, claims processing procedures, legislative enactments, judicial decisions and legal developments in imposition of damages, and general economic conditions, including inflation. Additionally, the Company engages independent actuarial specialists in order to assist management in establishing appropriate loss reserves.
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Given the subjectivity of estimating the projected losses to be incurred by the Company as it relates to both reported and unreported claims, performing audit procedures to evaluate whether the Company’s loss reserves were appropriately recorded as of December 31, 2020, required a high degree of auditor judgment and an increased extent of effort, including the need to involve our actuarial specialists.
How the Critical Audit Matter Was Addressed in the Audit
Our audit procedures related to the loss reserves included the following, among others:
•We tested the effectiveness of controls related to loss reserves, including management’s controls over the projection of settlement value of reported and unreported claims.
•We evaluated the methods and assumptions used by management to estimate the loss reserves by:
◦Testing the underlying data that served as the basis for the actuarial analysis, including historical claims, to test that the inputs to the actuarial estimate were reasonable.
◦Holding discussions with management to discuss the Company’s ultimate recorded reserve actions and understand any trends that have been observed in the Company’s claims data.
◦Comparing management’s prior-year assumptions of expected development and ultimate loss to actuals incurred during the current year to identify potential bias in the determination of the loss reserves.
•With the assistance of our actuarial specialists, we developed independent estimates of the loss reserves, including loss data, significant drivers, and claim development factors, and compared our estimates to management’s estimates.
/s/ DELOITTE & TOUCHE LLP
Tampa, Florida
March 9, 2021
We have served as the Company's auditor since 2018.
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UNITED INSURANCE HOLDINGS CORP.
Consolidated Balance Sheets
December 31,
ASSETS
Investments, at fair value:
Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash 301,498 287,057
Other assets, net (credit allowance of $20 and $141, respectively) 51,053 19,375
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Liabilities:
Accounts payable and accrued expenses 91,173 78,592
Commitments and contingencies (Note 11)
Stockholders’ Equity:
Accumulated other comprehensive income 9,693 11,319
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
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UNITED INSURANCE HOLDINGS CORP.
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Year Ended December 31,
REVENUE:
Net unrealized gains (losses) on equity securities (27,562) 24,761 (9,300)
EXPENSES:
Less: Net income attributable to NCI 956 387 104
Net income (loss) attributable to UIHC $ (96,454) $ (29,872) $ 290
OTHER COMPREHENSIVE LOSS:
Change in net unrealized gains (losses) on investments 64,726 28,366 (22,264)
Less: Comprehensive income attributable to NCI 1,119 588 139
Comprehensive loss attributable to UIHC $ (98,080) $ (9,523) $ (17,961)
Weighted average shares outstanding
Earnings available to UIHC common stockholders per share
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements. Statements include related party transactions as detailed in Note 14.
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UNITED INSURANCE HOLDINGS CORP.
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity
Common Stock
Shares Amount
Reclassification due to adoption of ASU 2016-01 — — — — (9,338) 9,338 — — —
Net increase due to acquisition — — — — — — — 20,000 20,000
Reclassification due to adoption of ASU 2016-13 — — — — — (262) (262) — (262)
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
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UNITED INSURANCE HOLDINGS CORP.
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
Year Ended December 31,
OPERATING ACTIVITIES
Net unrealized losses (gains) on equity securities 27,562 (24,761) 9,300
Provision (benefit) for uncollectible premiums (140) 553 358
Benefit for uncollectible reinsurance recoverables (386) — —
Benefit for uncollectible notes receivable (20) — —
Fixed asset disposals 2,949 — —
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
INVESTING ACTIVITIES
Proceeds from sales, maturities and repayments of:
Purchases of:
FINANCING ACTIVITIES
Investment in subsidiary - NCI — — 20,000
Payments of debt issuance costs — — (63)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities (11,654) (12,099) 7,728
Supplemental Cash Flows Information
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
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UNITED INSURANCE HOLDINGS CORP.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2020
1) ORGANIZATION, CONSOLIDATION AND PRESENTATION
(a)Business
United Insurance Holdings Corp. (referred to in this document as we, our, us, the Company or UPC Insurance) is a property and casualty insurance holding company that sources, writes and services residential personal and commercial property and casualty insurance policies using a network of agents, four wholly-owned insurance subsidiaries, and one majority-owned insurance subsidiary. Our largest insurance subsidiary is United Property & Casualty Insurance Company (UPC), which was formed in Florida in 1999 and has operated continuously since that time. Our four other insurance subsidiaries are Family Security Insurance Company, Inc. (FSIC), acquired via merger on February 3, 2015, Interboro Insurance Company (IIC), acquired via merger on April 29, 2016, American Coastal Insurance Company (ACIC), acquired via merger on April 3, 2017, and Journey Insurance Company (JIC). JIC was formed in strategic partnership with a subsidiary of Tokio Marine Kiln Group Limited (Kiln) on August 30, 2018. The Kiln subsidiary holds a noncontrolling interest in JIC.
Our other subsidiaries include United Insurance Management, L.C. (UIM), a managing general agent that manages
substantially all aspects of UPC and FSIC's business, as well as JIC's personal residential business; Skyway Claims Services,
LLC, which provides claims adjusting services to UPC, FSIC, ACIC and IIC; AmCo Holding Company, LLC (AmCo) and
Family Security Holdings, LLC (FSH), which are holding company subsidiaries that consolidate their respective insurance
companies; BlueLine Cayman Holdings (BlueLine), which reinsures portfolios of excess and surplus policies; UPC Re, which
provides a portion of the reinsurance protection purchased by our insurance subsidiaries when needed; Skyway Reinsurance
Services, LLC, which provides reinsurance brokerage services for our insurance companies; Skyway Legal Services, LLC,
which provides claims litigation services to our insurance companies; and Skyway Technology Services, LLC, which provides technological and distribution services to our insurance companies.
Our primary products are homeowners' and commercial residential property insurance, which we currently offer in 12 states, under authorization from the insurance regulatory authorities in each state. In addition, we write commercial residential insurance in three states: Florida, South Carolina, and Texas. We are also licensed to write property and casualty insurance in an additional six states; however, we have not commenced writing in these states.
We conduct our operations under one reportable segment, property and casualty insurance policies. Our chief operating decision maker is our President, who makes decisions to allocate resources and assesses performance at the corporate level.
(b)Consolidation and Presentation
We prepare our consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP). While preparing our consolidated financial statements, we make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements, as well as reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Accordingly, actual results could differ from those estimates. Reported amounts that require us to make extensive use of estimates include our reserves for unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses, investments and goodwill. Except for the captions on our Consolidated Balance Sheets and Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss), we generally use the term loss(es) to collectively refer to both loss and loss adjustment expenses.
We include all of our subsidiaries in our consolidated financial statements, eliminating intercompany balances and transactions during consolidation.
(c) Impact of COVID-19 and Financial Status
The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in governments worldwide enacting emergency measures to combat the spread of the virus. These measures, which include the implementation of travel bans and restrictions, self-imposed quarantine periods, state and local shelter-in-place orders, business and government shutdowns and social distancing, have caused and continue to cause material disruption to businesses and economies globally. In addition, global equity markets have experienced and continue to experience significant volatility and weakness.
We are committed to maintaining a stable and secure business for our employees, agents, customers and stockholders. During the second half of 2020, we were able to resume hiring activities, despite the limits on in-person interviews and on-
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UNITED INSURANCE HOLDINGS CORP.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2020
boarding procedures resulting from COVID-related protocols. In addition, we have converted to virtual sales processes to enable our agents to continue their activities. We believe these activities, collectively, help ensure the health and safety of our employees through adherence to CDC, state and local government work guidelines.
We have not experienced a material impact from COVID-19 on our business operations, financial position, liquidity or our ability to service our policyholders to date, with the exceptions of fluctuations in our investment portfolios due to volatility of the equity securities markets. We reduced the size of the equity securities portfolio during 2020, which has reduced the impact of fluctuations in the markets on our financial condition. The COVID-19 pandemic and resulting global disruptions did not have a material impact on our access to credit and capital markets needed to maintain sufficient liquidity for our continued operating needs during the year ended December 31, 2020.
The scope, severity and longevity of any business shutdowns and economic disruptions as a result of the COVID-19 outbreak are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted at this time, as new information may continue to emerge concerning the actions governments may take to contain or mitigate the spread of the virus or address its impact on individuals, businesses and the economy. We did not incur material claims or significant disruptions to our business for the year ended December 31, 2020 as a result of COVID-19. At this time, it is not possible to reasonably estimate the extent of the impact of the economic uncertainties on our business, results of operations and financial condition in future periods, due to uncertainty regarding the duration of the COVID-19 pandemic, but we will continue to respond to the COVID-19 pandemic and take reasonable measures to make sure customers continue to be served without interruption.
2) SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
(a)Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash
Our cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash include demand deposits with financial institutions, cash that is held in trust for assumed business, cash held in deposit accounts to satisfy state statutory deposit requirements, and short-term, highly liquid instruments with original maturities of three months or less when purchased.
(b)Investments
We currently classify all of our investments in fixed maturities and short-term investments as available-for-sale, and report them and our equity securities and limited partnership investments at fair value. Subsequent to our acquisition of available-for-sale securities, we record changes in value through the date of disposition as unrealized holding gains and losses, net of tax effects, and include them as a component of comprehensive income (loss). We include realized gains and losses, which we calculate using the specific-identification method for determining the cost of securities sold, in net income. We amortize any premium or discount on fixed maturities over the remaining maturity period of the related securities using the effective interest method, and we report the amortization in net investment income. We recognize dividends and interest income when earned. Effective January 1, 2018, in accordance with Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2016-01 (ASU 2016-01), we present our unrealized gains or losses on equity investments and other investments on the income statement.
Quarterly, we perform an assessment of our investments to determine if any are impaired as the result of a credit loss. An investment is impaired when the fair value of the investment declines to an amount less than the cost or amortized cost of that investment. For each fixed-income security in an unrealized loss position, if we determine that we intend to sell the security or that it is more likely than not that we will be required to sell the security before recovery of the cost or amortized cost basis for reasons such as liquidity needs, contractual or regulatory requirements, the security’s entire decline in fair value is recorded in earnings.
If our management decides not to sell the fixed-income security and it is more likely than not that we will not be required
to sell the fixed-income security before recovery of its amortized cost basis, we evaluate whether the decline in fair value has
resulted from credit losses or other factors. This is typically indicated by a change in the rating of the security assigned by a
rating agency, and any adverse conditions specifically related to the security or industry, among other factors. If the assessment
indicates that a credit loss may exist, the present value of cash flows expected to be collected from the security are compared to
the amortized cost basis of the security. If the present value of cash flows expected to be collected is less than the amortized
cost basis, a credit loss exists and an allowance for credit losses will be recorded in earnings. Credit loss is limited to the
difference between a security's amortized cost basis and its fair value. Any additional impairment not recorded through an