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Item 1A. Risk Factors

Factors that could cause or contribute to differences in our future financial and operating results include those discussed in the risk factors set forth in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. The risks described in this Annual Report and are not the only risks that we face. Additional risks not presently known to us or that we do not currently consider significant may also have an adverse effect on the Company. If any of the risks actually occur, our business, results of operations, cash flows or financial condition could suffer.

Risk Factors

Investing in our common stock involves a high degree of risk. You should carefully consider the risks described below, as well as the other information in this Annual Report and in our other public filings in evaluating our business. The occurrence of any of the events or developments described below could materially harm our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects. In such an event, the market price of our common stock could decline, and you may lose all or part of your investment. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we currently deem immaterial may also impair our business operations and the market price of our common stock.

Risks Related to Our Financial Condition and Need for Additional Capital

Our current business has a limited operating history, which may make it difficult to evaluate our business and predict our future performance.

Our current business has a limited operating history. We began commercial operations in 2018. Before engaging in commercial operations, we focused primarily on technology development. Our revenue to date has been generated primarily from drug creation activities through partnerships, and we do not anticipate generating any revenue from commercial product sales, if ever, until we successfully complete the clinical development of, and achieve regulatory approval for, any of our internally developed programs, all of which are still in preclinical development. We are still early in the adoption phase of our drug creation model, and, as of February 28, 2025, no partner has entered into a license for clinical or commercial use of any intellectual property rights related to a product candidate or cell lines. We also have only recently begun to develop programs for our own product candidates and may experience difficulties advancing these programs through

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to clinical development and generating value from them. We may never achieve commercial success and we have limited historical financial data upon which we may base our projected financial performance. We also have limited historical financial data upon which we may base our planned operating expenses or upon which you may evaluate our business and prospects. Based on our limited experience, we may not be able to effectively:

•develop and advance our product candidates from our internally developed programs through preclinical and clinical development and potential marketing approval and commercialization;

•drive adoption of our Integrated Drug Creation platform by validating them through the advancement of our internally developed programs and by attracting and retaining partners;

•enter into, maintain and potentially expand the scope of partnerships with third parties that contain economic terms sufficient to make our business model viable;

•raise sufficient capital or achieve sufficient near term revenue to sustain our business to enable us to recognize value from our internally developed programs and receive the downstream economics of our existing or future partnerships;

•anticipate and adapt to changes in the existing and emerging markets in which we operate;

•focus our efforts related to our Integrated Drug Creation platform in areas that generate returns on these efforts;

•succeed in achieving goals related to our Integrated Drug Creation platform;

•maintain and develop strategic relationships with suppliers to acquire necessary materials and equipment for the development of our Integrated Drug Creation platform and product candidates on appropriate timelines, or at all;

•create a pipeline of internally developed programs that generate future partnership opportunities;

•scale our drug creation activities to meet potential demand at a reasonable cost;

•acquire, in-license or otherwise obtain technologies that enable us to expand our capabilities;

•avoid infringement of third-party intellectual property rights;

•obtain licenses to third-party intellectual property rights on commercially reasonable terms, as needed for our current and planned operations;

•obtain and maintain valid and enforceable patents and other intellectual property rights that give us a competitive advantage;

•protect our proprietary technologies, including our Drug Creation platform and internally developed programs and corresponding product candidates; and

•attract, retain and motivate qualified personnel.

In addition, a substantial portion of our expenses have been and will continue to be fixed, and we expect our expenses to increase as we advance our internally developed programs into and through clinical development. Accordingly, if we do not generate revenue as and when anticipated, our losses may be greater than expected and our operating results will suffer.

We have incurred significant losses since inception, we expect to incur losses in the future and we may not be able to generate sufficient revenue to achieve and maintain profitability.

We have incurred significant losses since our inception. For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, we incurred net losses of $103.1 million and $110.6 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2024, we had an accumulated deficit of $509.6 million. We expect that our operating expenses will continue to increase as we grow our business and advance our internally developed programs. Since our inception, we have financed our operations primarily from private placements of our equity securities, convertible promissory notes, the sale of common stock in our initial public offering (IPO), subsequent follow-on offering, the incurrence of other indebtedness and other financing activities, and to a lesser extent, revenue derived from our drug creation activities leveraging our Integrated Drug Creation platform. We have devoted substantially all of our

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resources to the development of our Integrated Drug Creation platform and commercialization of resulting drug creation capabilities, and the research and development of our internally developed programs. We will need to generate significant additional revenue to achieve and sustain profitability, and even if we achieve profitability, we cannot be sure that we will remain profitable for any substantial period of time. We may never be able to generate sufficient revenue to achieve or sustain profitability and our recent and historical financial and operating results should not be considered indicative of our future performance.

We will need to raise additional capital to fund our operations and improve our Integrated Drug Creation platform. If we are unable to raise additional capital on terms acceptable to us or at all, we may not be able to compete successfully, which would harm our business, operations, and financial condition.

As of December 31, 2024, we had $112.4 million in cash, cash equivalents and short term investments. We expect our current cash, cash equivalents and short term investments and anticipated cash flows from operations will be sufficient to meet our working capital and capital expenditure needs over at least the next 12 months. If our available resources and anticipated cash flow from operations are insufficient to satisfy our liquidity requirements, including because of higher expenses than we anticipate related to internally developed programs or our investments in our Integrated Drug Creation platform or any other technology, lower demand from existing and potential partners for our Integrated Drug Creation platform, or the realization of other risks described in this "Risk Factors” section, we will be required to raise additional capital through issuances of equity or convertible debt securities, entrance into a credit facility or another form of third party funding, or seek other sources of financing. Such additional financing may not be available on terms acceptable to us or at all.

In any event, we may consider raising additional capital in the future to expand our business, to pursue strategic investments, to take advantage of financing opportunities or for other reasons. For example, this may include reasons such as to:

•advance our existing internally developed programs through preclinical and clinical development;

•advance new or additional internally developed programs through preclinical and clinical development;

•further advance our AI capabilities, including AI capabilities related to our Integrated Drug Creation platform;

•further expand the capabilities of our Integrated Drug Creation platform into additional areas of biopharmaceutical research and development, such as target discovery or translational medicine;

•increase our business development efforts to drive market recognition of our Integrated Drug Creation platform, our internally developed programs and address competitive developments;

•fund business development efforts for our current or future internally developed programs and partnered programs;

•acquire, license or invest in additional technologies or complementary businesses or assets;

•finance capital expenditures and general and administrative expenses.

Our present and future funding requirements will depend on many factors, including:

•the cost of expanding our operations, including our ongoing and planned preclinical and clinical development activities for our internally developed programs;

•preclinical and clinical development, including costs associated with building our internal clinical and regulatory capabilities and contracting with third-party clinical investigators, contract research organizations (CROs), manufacturers and suppliers, or clinical data management organizations;

•our ability to achieve and sustain sufficient revenues from partnerships and other business development activities;

•our rate of progress in working with partners to leverage our Integrated Drug Creation platform and business development activities associated therewith;

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•our rate of progress in, and cost of, developing new technologies;

•the effect of competing technological and market developments; and

•costs related to any domestic and international expansion.

The various ways we could raise additional capital carry potential risks. If we raise funds by issuing equity securities, dilution to our stockholders would result. Any preferred equity securities issued also would likely provide for rights, preferences or privileges senior to those of holders of our common stock. If we raise funds by issuing debt securities, those debt securities may have rights, preferences and privileges senior to those of holders of our common stock. Debt financing and preferred equity financing, if available, may also involve agreements that include covenants restricting our ability to take specific actions, such as incurring additional debt, selling or licensing our programs, making asset acquisitions, making capital expenditures, or declaring dividends.

If we are unable to obtain adequate financing or financing on terms satisfactory to us, if we require it, our ability to continue to pursue our business objectives and to respond to business opportunities, challenges, or unforeseen circumstances could be significantly limited, and could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

Substantially all of our historical revenue is related to partnered drug creation activities, and we have not demonstrated the ability to enter into a sufficient number of partnerships providing for long-term license arrangements under which we are entitled to receive milestone payments or royalties on net product sales. We have not received any such milestone or royalty revenues to date, and it may be years before we realize any such revenues, if at all.

For the year ended December 31, 2024, substantially all of our revenue was generated by technology development fees through performing drug creation activities for our partnered programs. To date, such fees have generally been payable upon both the inception of, and the demonstration of technical achievement of program milestones, under drug creation agreements with our partners. Our business model depends, in part, on the successful completion of the drug creation phase under these arrangements and on our subsequent entry into long-term license arrangements with our partners that entitle us to development, regulatory and commercial milestones and/or royalties with respect to product candidates generated through our Integrated Drug Creation platform, as well as product candidates discovered and/or manufactured in cell lines developed by us. We are still in the very early stages of implementing our drug creation model and, to date, no partner has entered into a license for clinical or commercial use of any intellectual property rights related to product candidates discovered thereunder or cell lines developed by us. If we are unable to maintain these partnerships (including if such partnerships are terminated prior to or upon completion of the drug creation phase) or we are otherwise unable to enter into commercial license agreements for our partnered programs, we will not receive any downstream payments, which may have a material and adverse effect on our business prospects. Additionally, any such license agreements that we may enter into may not be on terms that are favorable to us and may not result in meaningful revenues to us, or at all, or such license agreements may be terminated.

Technology development fees are generated by drug creation activities that we perform for our partners, the timing and nature of which are dictated by the timing of program commencement, which depends on various permissions, information and supplies provided by our partners and/or third party vendors as well as the pace of program progression and receipt of ongoing input from our partners. Our eligibility to receive milestone payments from our partnerships is generally subject to the negotiation of future arrangements, as described above. As a result, we currently do not generate significant recurring revenue and, until we are able to establish significant recurring revenue, if at all, we will be prone to regular and significant fluctuations in our revenue dependent on the timing of our entry into partnership agreements, our partners advancing such programs, and our partners achieving development milestones or commercial sales with respect to product candidates discovered and/or manufactured in cell lines developed by us.

Risks Related to Biologic Drug Development

Biologic drug development is inherently uncertain, and it is possible that our technology may not succeed in discovering appropriate molecules or producing cell lines. Even if we do succeed, it is possible that none of the product candidates created using our Integrated Drug Creation platform, if any, that are further developed by our partners will achieve development or

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regulatory milestones, including marketing approval, or become viable commercial technologies, on a timely basis or at all, which would harm our ability to generate revenue.

We use our Integrated Drug Creation platform both to advance our internally developed programs and to create product candidates for partners that are engaged in biologic drug discovery and development. In addition, we may enter into partnerships for the further development and commercialization of our internally developed programs during later stages of clinical development. While we currently receive payments for performing drug creation activities and successfully completing technical program deliverables and milestones for our partners with respect to our partnered programs, we anticipate that the vast majority of the economic value of the agreements that we enter into with our partners will be in the downstream payments that would be payable if certain milestones are met by our partners with respect to product candidates generated utilizing our Integrated Drug Creation platform and royalties on net sales if such product candidates are approved for marketing and successfully commercialized. As a result, our future growth is dependent on our ability to successfully advance our internally developed programs through to clinical development and eventual marketing approval and commercialization, and the ability of our partners to successfully develop and commercialize therapies based on product candidates generated using our Integrated Drug Creation platform. Risks relating to clinical development, including risks related to manufacturing and clinical supply, regulatory clearance, authorization or approval and commercialization apply to us both directly with respect to our internally developed programs and indirectly through the activities of our partners with respect to their programs that are generated pursuant to a drug creation agreement. Even if our Integrated Drug Creation platform is capable of identifying high quality product candidates, there can be no assurance that we or our partners will successfully develop, secure marketing approvals for and commercialize any product candidates discovered and developed under a partnered program. As a result, we may not realize the intended benefits of our internal research and development efforts or our partnerships.

Due to the uncertain, time-consuming and costly clinical development and regulatory approval process, we or our partners may not successfully develop any product candidates generated using our Integrated Drug Creation platform, or we or our partners may choose to discontinue the development of these product candidates for a variety of reasons, including due to safety, risk versus benefit profile, exclusivity, competitive landscape, commercialization potential, production limitations or prioritization of their resources. It is possible that none of these product candidates will ever receive regulatory approval and, even if approved, such product candidates may never be successfully commercialized. Most product candidates that commence clinical trials are never approved, and there can be no assurance that any of our partnered programs or any internally developed programs will ultimately be successful.

In addition, even if these product candidates receive regulatory approval in the United States, our partners may never obtain approval or commercialize outside of the United States, which would limit their full market potential and therefore our ability to realize their potential downstream value. In addition, regulatory authorities may approve any of the product candidates that we may develop for fewer or more limited indications than requested. Furthermore, approved drugs may not achieve broad market acceptance among physicians, patients, the medical community and third-party payors, in which case revenue generated from their sales would be limited. Likewise, we or our partners have to make decisions about which clinical stage and preclinical product candidates to develop and advance, and we or our partners may not have the resources to invest in all of the product candidates generated using our Integrated Drug Creation platform, or clinical data and other development considerations may not support the advancement of one or more product candidates. Decision-making about which product candidates to prioritize involves inherent uncertainty, and we or our partners’ decision-making and resource prioritization decisions, which in the case of our partners are outside of our control, may adversely affect the potential value of those partnerships. Additionally, subject to its contractual obligations to us, if one more of our partners is involved in a business combination, the partner might de-emphasize or terminate the development or commercialization of any product candidate generated using our Integrated Drug Creation platform. If one of our partners terminates its agreement with us, we may find it more difficult to attract new partners.

We are also subject to industry-wide FDA and other regulatory risk. For example, the number of BLAs approved by the FDA varies significantly over time and if changes in applicable laws, regulations, or policy or other events lead to an extended reduction in the number of BLAs approved by the FDA or otherwise reduce the number of biologics in development, our industry would contract and our business would be materially harmed.

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We or our partners’ failure to effectively develop or commercialize any product candidates generated using our platform could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects, and cause the market price of our common stock to decline. In addition to the inherent uncertainty in drug development addresses above, our ability to forecast our future financial performance and revenues may be limited.

Preclinical development is uncertain. Our preclinical product candidates may experience delays or may never advance to clinical trials, which would adversely affect our or our partners’ ability to obtain regulatory approvals or commercialize these product candidates on a timely basis or at all, which would have an adverse effect on our business.

We have limited experience as a company in conducting clinical trials, and to date we have not initiated any clinical trials for any product candidates. We cannot guarantee that any clinical trials will be initiated or conducted as planned or completed on schedule, if at all. We also cannot be sure that submission of an IND (or foreign equivalent) will result in the FDA or other regulatory authority, as applicable, allowing clinical trials to begin in a timely manner, if at all. Moreover, even if these trials begin, issues may arise that could suspend or terminate such clinical trials. A failure of one or more clinical trials can occur at any stage of testing, and our future clinical trials may not be successful. If our preclinical product candidates experience delays or never advance to clinical trials, it would have an adverse effect on our business.

In order to obtain FDA approval to market a new biological product, we or our partners must demonstrate proof of safety, purity and potency or efficacy in humans. To meet these requirements we or our partners will have to conduct adequate and well-controlled clinical trials. Before we or our partners can commence clinical trials for a product candidate, we or our partners must complete extensive preclinical testing and studies that support our planned INDs in the United States. All of our internally developed programs are in preclinical development. We cannot be certain of the timely completion or outcome of our or our partners' preclinical testing and studies and cannot predict if the FDA will accept our or our partners' proposed clinical programs or if the outcome of our or our partners' preclinical testing and studies will ultimately support the further development of our product candidates. As a result, we cannot be sure that we or our partners will be able to submit INDs or similar applications for our product candidates on the timelines we expect, if at all, and we cannot be sure that submission of INDs or similar applications will result in the FDA or other regulatory authorities allowing clinical trials to begin.

Conducting preclinical testing is a lengthy, time-consuming and expensive process. The length of time may vary substantially according to the type, complexity and novelty of the program, and often can be several years or more per program. Delays associated with programs for which we are directly conducting preclinical testing and studies may cause us or our partners to incur additional operating expenses. The commencement and rate of completion of preclinical studies and clinical trials for a product candidate may be delayed by many factors, including, for example:

•inability to generate sufficient preclinical or other in vivo or in vitro data to support the initiation of clinical studies;

•delays in reaching a consensus with regulatory agencies on study design; and

•the FDA not allowing us to rely on previous findings of safety and efficacy for other similar but approved products and published scientific literature; and

•use of our product candidates could be associated with adverse side effects, adverse events or other properties or safety risks, which could delay or preclude approval, cause us or our partners to suspend or discontinue preclinical or clinical trials, abandon a product candidate, limit the commercial profile of an approved product or result in other significant negative consequences.

Moreover, even if clinical trials do begin for our product candidates, our or our partners' development efforts may not be successful, and clinical trials that we or our partners conduct or that third parties conduct on our or our partners' behalf may not demonstrate sufficient safety, purity and potency or efficacy to obtain the requisite regulatory approvals for any of product candidates we develop. Even if we or our partners obtain positive results from preclinical studies or initial clinical trials, we or our partners may not achieve the same success in future trials.

If we or our partners experience any of a number of possible unforeseen or negative events in connection with preclinical or clinical development, regulatory approval or commercialization of

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product candidates generated through our platform, this could negatively affect our revenue opportunity for that program, and/or have broader deleterious effects on our reputation and future partnership prospects.

We or our partners may experience numerous unforeseen events during, or as a result of, preclinical studies or any clinical trials that could delay or prevent the ability to conduct further development or obtain regulatory approval or licensure of, or commercialize, product candidates, including:

•preclinical studies designed to enable the submission of IND applications, or other preclinical development activities, by our partners may not result in data sufficient to support the advancement of the applicable product candidates into clinical development, or our partners may abandon development activities for such product candidates prior to any IND submission for a variety of reasons;

•regulatory authorities or ethical review boards, including IRBs, may not authorize commencement of a clinical trial or conduct a clinical trial at a prospective trial site;

•there may be delays in reaching or failure to reach agreement on acceptable clinical trial contracts or clinical trial protocols with prospective trial sites;

•the FDA or other regulatory authorities may disagree with a clinical trial design or a sponsor’s interpretation of data even after such regulatory authorities have reviewed and commented on the clinical trial design;

•differences in trial design between early stage clinical trials and later-stage clinical trials may make it difficult to extrapolate the results of earlier clinical trials to later-stage clinical trials;

•the FDA or other regulatory authorities may disagree about whether study endpoints are clinically meaningful or recommend study endpoints that require lengthy periods of observation;

•the number of patients, or amount of data, required to complete clinical trials may be larger than anticipated, patient enrollment in these clinical trials may be slower than anticipated or patients may drop out of clinical trials at a higher rate than anticipated;

•CROs and other contracted third parties may fail to perform their duties in accordance with the study protocol or applicable laws and regulations;

•changes may be made to product candidates after commencing clinical trials, which may require that previously completed stages of clinical testing be repeated or delay later stages of testing;

•clinical trials may fail to satisfy the applicable regulatory requirements of the FDA or other regulatory authorities responsible for oversight of the conduct of clinical trials in other countries;

•regulators may elect to impose a clinical hold, or we or our partners, governing IRBs, data safety monitoring boards or ethics committees may elect to suspend or terminate our or our partners’ clinical research or trials for various reasons, including non-compliance with regulatory requirements or a finding that the participants are being exposed to undesirable side effects that could lead to serious adverse events or other unacceptable risks to their health or the privacy of their health information being disclosed;

•the cost of clinical trials of the applicable product candidates, or improvements to such product candidates, may be greater than we or our partners anticipate, causing us or our partners to delay or terminate applicable clinical development efforts;

•CROs and other contracted third parties may fail to perform their duties in accordance with the relevant manufacturing and/or clinical supply agreements;

•the supply or quality of materials necessary to conduct clinical trials of the applicable product candidates may be insufficient or inadequate;

•the outcome of our or our partners’ preclinical studies and early clinical trials may not be predictive of the success of later clinical trials, and interim results of a clinical trial do not necessarily predict final results;

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•product candidates may be associated with negative or inconclusive results in clinical trials, and we or our partners may decide to deprioritize or abandon these partnered product candidates, or regulatory authorities may require our partners to abandon them or may impose onerous changes or requirements, which could lead to de-prioritization or abandonment;

•the data collected from clinical trials of product candidates that we or our partners may identify and pursue may not be sufficient to support the submission of a BLA or other submission for regulatory approval in the United States or elsewhere; and

•we may be unable to demonstrate to the FDA or comparable foreign regulatory authorities that a product candidate’s risk-benefit ratio for its proposed indication is acceptable, or clinical trials may suggest or demonstrate that products are not safe and effective, or as safe and effective as competing therapies on the market or in development.

In addition, disruptions caused by a continued and prolonged public health emergency, such as the COVID-19 pandemic may increase the likelihood that we or our partners encounter such difficulties or delays in initiating, enrolling, conducting or completing planned and ongoing clinical trials. Delays of this nature could also allow competitors to bring products to market before we or our partners do, potentially impairing our or our partners’ abilities to successfully commercialize products generated using our platform technology and harming our business and results of operations. Any delays in, or suspension of, the development of the product candidates developed by us or by our partners using our technology may significantly harm our business, financial condition and prospects. Many of the factors that cause, or lead to, a delay in the commencement or completion of clinical trials may also ultimately lead to the denial of regulatory clearance, authorization or approval of partnered product candidates in development.

Preliminary data and interim results we disclose from our clinical trials may change as more data becomes available or as we make changes to our clinical protocols or processes, and such interim results or results from earlier studies may not be predictive of the final results, or of later studies or future clinical trials.

We may from time to time disclose results from preclinical testing or preliminary data or interim results from clinical trials of our product candidates. Such results from preclinical testing, process development and manufacturing activities, and clinical studies, including interim clinical trial results as of specified data cutoff dates and results of earlier preclinical or clinical studies with similar product candidates, are not necessarily predictive of future results, including later clinical trial results. In addition, results in one indication may not be predictive of results to be expected for the same or a similar product candidate in another indication. A number of companies in the biopharmaceutical industry have suffered significant setbacks in clinical trials due to lack of efficacy or unfavorable safety profiles, notwithstanding promising results in preclinical development or earlier trials.

The results of our current and future clinical trials may differ from results achieved in earlier preclinical and clinical studies for a variety of reasons, including:

•we may not demonstrate the potency and efficacy benefits observed in previous studies;

•our efforts to improve, standardize and automate the manufacture and supply of our product candidates and any resulting deviations in the manufacture of our product candidates, may adversely affect the safety, purity, potency, stability, or efficacy of such product candidates;

•differences in study design, including differences in eligibility criteria and patient populations;

•advancements in the standard of care may affect our ability to demonstrate efficacy or achieve study endpoints in our future clinical trials; and

•safety issues or adverse events in patients who enroll in our clinical trials.

From time to time, we may publish interim, “top-line,” or preliminary data from our clinical studies based on a preliminary analysis of then-available data. Preliminary or interim data from clinical trials are subject to the risk that one or more of the clinical outcomes may materially change as patient enrollment continues, the duration of treatment increases and more patient data become available. For example, we may encounter unacceptable side effects for our product candidates as patient dosing progresses in our clinical trials and additional data become available. Our preliminary or interim results and related conclusions also are subject

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to change following a more comprehensive review of the data related to the particular study or trial. Preliminary or “top-line” data also remain subject to audit and verification procedures that may result in the final data being materially different from the preliminary data we previously published. As a result, interim and preliminary data should be viewed with caution until the final data are available. Material adverse changes between preliminary, “top-line,” or interim data and final data could significantly harm our business prospects, financial condition and results of operations.

The clinical development of our product candidates could be substantially delayed if we are required to conduct unanticipated studies, including preclinical studies or clinical trials, or if the FDA imposes other requirements or restrictions including on the manufacture, of our product candidates.

The FDA may require us to generate additional preclinical, product, manufacturing, or clinical data as a condition to initiating and conducting any future clinical trials of our or our partners’ product candidates generated using our platform technology. Additionally, the FDA may in the future have comments, or impose requirements, on the initiation and conduct of our clinical trials or those of our partners, including trial endpoints and the protocols, processes, materials and facilities we or our partners use to manufacture our product candidates in support of clinical trials. Any requirements to generate additional data, or redesign or modify applicable endpoints, protocols, processes, materials or facilities, or other additional comments, requirements or impositions by the FDA, may cause delays in the initiation or conduct of future clinical trials for our or our partners’ product candidates and subsequent development activities, and could require us to incur additional development or manufacturing costs and resources, seek funding for these increased costs or resources or delay our timeline for, or cease, our preclinical or clinical development activities for our product candidates, or could create uncertainty and additional complexity in our ability to obtain regulatory approval for our product candidates and to achieve revenue-generating milestones under our agreements with our partners.

Further, if the results of our clinical trials are inconclusive, or if there are safety concerns or adverse events associated with our or our partners’ product candidates, we or our partners may:

•be delayed in obtaining, or unable to obtain, regulatory approval for such product candidates;

•be required to amend the protocols for the applicable clinical trials, perform additional nonclinical studies or clinical trials to support approval or be subject to additional post-marketing testing requirements;

•obtain approval for indications or patient populations that are not as broad as intended or desired;

•obtain approval with labeling that includes significant use or distribution restrictions or safety warnings or contraindications; or

•in the event a product candidate is approved, have regulatory authorities withdraw their approval of the product or impose restrictions on its use.

Even if our planned clinical trials are successful, we will need to conduct additional clinical trials, which may include registrational trials, trials in additional patient populations or under different treatment conditions, and trials using different manufacturing protocols, processes, materials or facilities or under different manufacturing conditions, before we are able to seek approvals for our product candidates from the FDA and regulatory authorities outside the United States to market and sell these product candidates. In addition, changes in regulatory policies or the administration as a result of the 2024 U.S. presidential election may result in delays in the regulatory review and approval process and cause uncertainty regarding approval pathways. If we fail to meet the requirements to support continued clinical development, our clinical development activities for any of our product candidates are delayed or suspended, or we fail to obtain or maintain regulatory approvals with an acceptable scope, our business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations will be harmed.

If we or our partners encounter difficulties enrolling patients in clinical trials of product candidates developed using our Integrated Drug Creation platform, our and our partners’ clinical development activities could be delayed or otherwise adversely affected.

We are required to identify and enroll a sufficient number of patients with the disease under investigation for each of our planned clinical trials of internally developed product candidates, and our partners are subject

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to the same requirements with respect to product candidates they are developing. We or our partners may not be able to identify and enroll a sufficient number of patients, or those with required or desired characteristics and who meet specified enrollment criteria, in a timely manner. In addition, we and our partners may face competition from other clinical trials of product candidates being developed by our competitors in the same therapeutic areas, and potential patients who might be eligible for enrollment in one of our or our partners’ clinical trials may instead choose to enroll in a trial being conducted by a competitor. We and our partners may also face an unwillingness of investigative sites to participate in our clinical trials.

Our ability, and the ability of our partners, to enroll patients in clinical trials of product candidates developed using our platform technology is affected by factors including:

•the ability to identify clinical trial sites and recruit clinical trial investigators with the appropriate capabilities, competencies and experience;

•the ability to open clinical trial sites;

•the ability to identify, solicit and recruit a sufficient number of patients;

•the severity of the disease under investigation;

•the design of the clinical trial and whether the FDA agrees to the design and implementation of the trial;

•the size and nature of the patient populations to be investigated in the applicable clinical trials;

•eligibility criteria for the clinical trials in question;

•clinicians’ and patients’ perceptions as to the potential risks and benefits of the product candidate under study, including any perceived risks associated with product candidates;

•changing medical practices or guidelines related to the indications we or our partners are investigating;

•the availability of competing therapies and clinical trials;

•efforts to facilitate timely enrollment in clinical trials;

•the availability of time and resources at the institutions at which our or our partners’ clinical trials will be conducted, including any constraints on resources, or policies and procedures implemented, at hospitals and clinical trial sites as a result of any public health crisis;

•the ability to monitor patients adequately during and after treatment; and

•the proximity and availability of clinical trial sites for prospective patients.

In addition, clinical trial sites may need to delay or pause patient enrollment or treatment in clinical trials as a result of public health crises, supply chain shortages or a variety of factors beyond our control. The extent and duration of such delays and disruptions, and the overall impact on the timing and conduct of our or our partners’ clinical trials, are uncertain. If we or our partners have difficulties enrolling a sufficient number of patients to conduct clinical trials as planned, we or our partners may need to delay or terminate ongoing or planned clinical trials, which would have an adverse effect on our business, prospects, financial condition, results of operations, and the market price of our common stock.

The biopharmaceutical platform technology market is highly competitive, and if we cannot compete successfully with our competitors, we may be unable to increase or sustain our revenue, or achieve and sustain profitability.

We face significant competition in the biopharmaceutical platform technology market, including from other pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies seeking to develop AI capabilities for biologic drug design. Our technologies address therapeutic discovery and bioproduction challenges that are addressed by other platform technologies controlled by companies that have a variety of business models, including the development of internally developed programs, technology licensing, discovery screening, cell line generation

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and the sale of instruments and devices. Potential competitors addressing certain steps in the target identification, drug discovery, or adjacent aspects of these broad processes include the following:

•we may face competition from companies attempting to use AI to design novel biologic drugs such as Generate Biomedicines, Inc., and Xaira Therapeutics, Inc., among others;

•we may face competition from companies currently offering adjacent technology (e.g. AI-enabled small molecule design) that may seek to develop antibody design capabilities, such as Recursion Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Relay Therapeutics, Inc., Isomorphic Labs Limited, and Schrodinger, Inc., among others; and

•we may face competition from academic, pharmaceutical, and biotechnology research initiatives, as well as from private and publicly traded companies focused on novel methods for target identification, including GV20 Therapeutics, Alchemab Therapeutics, and 3T Biosciences, Inc.

However, in some cases, we may wish to collaborate with such companies if synergies with our Integrated Drug Creation platform are identified.

In the broader field of antibody therapeutic development, we may face competition from pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies that are developing therapeutics that address the same disease targets and/or indications addressed by our internally developed programs, including:

•in the field of developing antibody therapeutics targeting TL1A for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease, we are aware of several companies with product candidates in clinical development, including Merck’s MK-7240, Roche/Roivant’s RVT-3101, Sanofi/Teva’s TEV-48574 TL1A, Spyre’s SPY002, and Xencor’s XmAb942; and

•in the field of developing antibody therapeutics targeting PRLR for the treatment of androgenic alopecia, we are aware of Hope Medicine’s HMI-115.

Our partners may also elect to develop their processes on in-house systems, or using other methods, rather than implementing our technologies and may decide to stop using our technologies. These companies are likely to exhaust all internal alternatives to our technology before adopting our technologies. In addition, there are many large established companies in the life science technology market that we do not currently compete with but that could develop systems, technologies, tools or other products that will compete with us in the future. These large established companies have substantially greater financial and other resources than us, including larger research and development organizations or more established marketing and sales forces.

Our competitors and potential competitors may enjoy a number of competitive advantages over us. For example, these may include:

•longer operating histories;

•larger partner bases;

•greater brand recognition and market penetration;

•greater financial resources;

•greater technological and research and development resources;

•better system reliability and robustness;

•greater business development capabilities; and

•better established, larger scale and lower cost manufacturing capabilities.

As a result, our competitors and potential competitors may be able to respond more quickly to changes in partner requirements, devote greater resources to the development, promotion and sale of their platforms or solutions than we can, or sell their platforms or solutions, or offer solutions competitive with our Integrated Drug Creation platform and solutions at prices designed to win significant levels of market share. In addition, we may encounter challenges in marketing our solutions with our pricing model, which is structured to capture the potential downstream revenues associated with product candidates that were discovered using our platform. Our partners and potential partners may prefer one or more pricing models employed by our

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competitors that involve upfront payments rather than downstream revenues. We may not be able to compete effectively against these organizations.

In addition, competitors may be acquired by, receive investments from or enter into other commercial relationships with larger, well-established and well-financed companies. Certain of our competitors may be able to secure key inputs from vendors on more favorable terms, devote greater resources to marketing and promotional campaigns, adopt more aggressive pricing policies and devote substantially more resources to technology and platform development than we can. If we are unable to compete successfully against current and future competitors, we may be unable to increase market adoption of our platform technologies for the biologic drug discovery and cell line development, which could prevent us from increasing our revenue or achieving and sustaining profitability.

We face competition from entities that have made substantial investments into the rapid development of novel treatments for the therapeutic indications in which we are engaged in partnered programs and internally developed programs, including large and specialty pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies.

The discovery and development of therapies is highly competitive. Many of our competitors have significantly greater resources and experience than we do and we or our partners may not be able to successfully compete in therapeutic development. We will likely face substantial competition from multiple sources, including large and specialty pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies, hospitals and clinics, academic research institutions and governmental agencies and public and private research institutions, some of which have more advanced product candidates. We anticipate that we will continue to face increasing competition as new therapies and combinations thereof, and related data, emerge.

To compete successfully, we and our partners must demonstrate that the relative cost, method of administration, safety, tolerability or efficacy of the related product candidates provides a better alternative to existing and future therapies and, we must do the same with respect to any future internally developed product candidates. Our commercial opportunity and likelihood of success will be reduced or eliminated if these product candidates are not ultimately demonstrated to be safer, more effective, more conveniently administered, or less expensive than the then current standard of care. Furthermore, even if these product candidates demonstrate meaningful improvements in these attributes, acceptance of our products may be inhibited by the reluctance of physicians to switch from existing therapies to our products, or if physicians choose to reserve our products for use in limited circumstances.

The market for our platform, including potential partners and potential investors, may be skeptical of the viability and benefits of our Integrated Drug Creation platform because it is based on novel and complex synthetic biology and AI technologies.

The market for our Integrated Drug Creation platform, including potential partners and potential investors, may be skeptical of the viability and benefits of our technology platform because it is based on novel and complex synthetic biology and AI technologies. There can be no assurance that our technologies will be understood, approved, or accepted by potential partners and potential investors or that we will be able to enter into new partnerships with new or existing partners. The synthetic biology and AI-powered drug discovery markets are relatively new, and potential partners may be hesitant to allocate resources in relatively unproven fields. If we are unable to convince these potential partners of the utility and value of our technologies or that our technologies are superior to the technologies they currently use, we will not be successful in entering these markets and our business and results of operations will be adversely affected. If potential investors are skeptical of the success of our technologies, our ability to raise capital and the value of our stock may be adversely affected.

We rely and expect to continue to rely on third parties to conduct our preclinical studies and any eventual clinical trials. If those third parties do not perform as contractually required, fail to satisfy legal or regulatory requirements, miss expected deadlines or the relationship terminates prematurely, our internally developed programs could be delayed, more costly or unsuccessful, and such programs may never obtain regulatory approval or commercialization.

We have relied and intend to rely in the future on third-party clinical investigators, contract development and manufacturing organizations (CDMOs), CROs, and clinical data management organizations to conduct, supervise and monitor preclinical studies and any eventual clinical trials of our current or future internally developed programs. Because we currently rely and intend to continue to rely on these third parties, we will

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have less control over the timing, quality and other aspects of preclinical studies and any eventual clinical trials than if we conducted them independently. These parties are not, and will not be, our employees and we will have limited control over the amount of time and resources that they dedicate to our programs. Additionally, such parties may have contractual relationships with other entities, some of which may be our competitors, which may draw time and resources from our programs.

Our reliance on these third parties for development activities will reduce our control over these activities. Nevertheless, we will remain responsible for ensuring that each of our preclinical studies are conducted in accordance with good laboratory practices and that any eventual clinical trials are conducted in accordance with GCPs. Moreover, our business may be significantly impacted if our CROs, clinical investigators or other third parties violate federal or state healthcare fraud and abuse or false claims laws and regulations or healthcare privacy and security laws.

In the event we are required to repeat, extend, delay or terminate our preclinical or any eventual clinical development activities due to one or more third parties not successfully carrying out its contractual duties, meeting expected deadlines, or conducting development activities in accordance with regulatory requirements or our stated protocols, we may not be able to achieve, or may be delayed in achieving, product development milestones, including our internal timelines or certain regulatory requirements. As a result, our results of operations and the commercial prospects for our internally developed programs would be harmed, our costs could increase, and our ability to generate revenue and platform validation could be delayed. To the extent we are unable to successfully identify and manage the performance of third-party service providers in the future, our business may be materially and adversely affected.

In addition, from time to time we have relied upon, and may continue to rely upon, third parties that are based in jurisdictions outside the United States. Legislative proposals are pending that, if enacted, could negatively impact U.S. funding for certain biotechnology providers having relationships with foreign adversaries or which pose a threat to national security. If any of the third parties upon whom we rely are impacted by these legislative proposals, the potential downstream adverse impacts are unknown but may include supply chain disruptions or delays.

If any of our relationships with these third parties terminate for any reason, including due to involuntary termination, regulatory or other compliance requirements, or strategic reprioritization, we may not be able to enter into alternative arrangements or do so on commercially reasonable terms. Switching or adding additional contractors requires additional resources and demands management time and focus. In addition, there is a natural transition period when a new third party commences work. As a result, delays could occur, which could compromise our ability to meet our internal development timelines. In addition, if an agreement with any of our partners terminates, our access to technology and intellectual property licensed to us by that partner may be restricted or terminate entirely, which may delay our continued development of our internally developed programs utilizing the partner’s technology or intellectual property or require us to stop development of those internally developed programs completely.

In addition, principal investigators for our clinical trials, if any, may serve as scientific advisors or consultants to us from time to time and receive compensation in connection with such services. Under certain circumstances, we may be required to report some of these relationships to the FDA. The FDA may conclude that a financial relationship between us and/or a principal investigator has created a conflict of interest or otherwise affected interpretation of the study. The FDA may therefore question the integrity of the data generated at the applicable clinical trial site and the utility of the clinical trial itself may be jeopardized. This could result in a delay in approval, or rejection, of our marketing applications by the FDA and may ultimately lead to the denial of regulatory approval of one or more of our product candidates, if any.

We could experience clinical supply and manufacturing problems that result in delays in the development, approval or commercialization of our product candidates or otherwise harm our business.

The manufacturing process used to produce antibodies may be complex. Several factors could cause production interruptions, including inability to develop appropriate manufacturing processes, equipment malfunctions, facility contamination, raw material shortages or contamination, natural disasters, including pandemics, disruption in utility services, human error or disruptions in the operations of our suppliers, including acquisition of a supplier by a third party or declaration of bankruptcy. The expertise required to manufacture our product candidates may be unique to a particular third-party contract manufacturing organization, and as a result, it would be difficult and time consuming to find an alternative third-party

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contract manufacturing organization. Failure or process defects in any of the interrelated systems at either our manufacturing facility or those of our third-party manufacturers, could adversely impact our ability to manufacture and supply cell therapy product candidates and certain components thereof intended for research, clinical and, if approved, commercial production. In addition, we may rely on third-party contract manufacturers outside the United States for certain components of our product candidates, and may be subject to importation regulations that may affect our ability to manufacture or increase the cost of our product candidates.

Our product candidates will require processing steps that are more complex than those required for most small molecule drugs. Moreover, unlike small molecules, the physical and chemical properties of biologics such as antibody therapeutics generally cannot be fully characterized. As a result, assays of the finished product may not be sufficient to ensure that the product will perform in the intended manner. Accordingly, we will employ multiple steps to control the manufacturing process to assure that the process works and the product candidate is made strictly and consistently in compliance with the process. Problems with the manufacturing process, even minor deviations from the normal process, could result in product defects or manufacturing failures that result in lot failures, product recalls, product liability claims or insufficient inventory, or other supply disruptions. If microbial, viral or other contaminations are discovered in our product candidates or in the manufacturing facilities in which our product candidates are made, production at such manufacturing facilities may be interrupted for an extended period of time to investigate and remedy the contamination. We may encounter problems achieving adequate quantities and quality of clinical grade materials that meet FDA, the EMA or other applicable standards or specifications with consistent and acceptable production yields and costs.

We also may encounter problems hiring and retaining directly or through third-party contract manufacturing organizations the experienced scientific, quality assurance, quality control and manufacturing personnel needed to operate our manufacturing processes, which could result in delays in production or difficulties in maintaining compliance with applicable regulatory requirements. Any problems in our supply chain, manufacturing process or facilities could result in delays in planned clinical trials and increased costs, and could make us a less attractive collaborator for potential partners, including larger pharmaceutical companies and academic research institution.

If we do not achieve our projected development goals in the timeframes we announce and expect, the commercialization of our programs and validation of our Integrated Drug Creation platform may be delayed and our expenses may increase and, as a result, our stock price may decline.

From time to time, we estimate the timing of the anticipated accomplishment of various scientific, clinical, regulatory and other product development goals, which we sometimes refer to as milestones. These milestones may include the commencement or completion of preclinical studies and clinical trials, as well as the submission of regulatory filings. From time to time, we may publicly announce the expected timing of achieving certain of these milestones. All of these milestones are and will be based on numerous assumptions. The actual timing of these milestones can vary dramatically compared to our estimates, in some cases for reasons beyond our control. If we do not meet these milestones as publicly announced, or at all, the commercialization of our programs or the validation of our platform technologies based on anticipated achievement of these milestones, may be delayed or never achieved and, as a result, our stock price may decline. Additionally, delays relative to our projected timelines are likely to cause overall expenses to increase, which may require us to raise additional capital sooner than expected and prior to achieving targeted development milestones.

The medical insurance coverage and reimbursement status of newly approved therapeutics is uncertain. Failure to obtain or maintain adequate coverage and reimbursement for current or future products and services could limit our partners’ ability to successfully commercialize product candidates, which would decrease our ability to generate revenue.

The availability and extent of reimbursement by governmental and private payors is essential for most patients to be able to afford any antibody therapeutics generated using our Integrated Drug Creation platform. In addition, because the product candidates we generate may represent new classes of treatments for diseases, we and our partners cannot accurately estimate how such future antibody therapeutics would be priced, whether reimbursement could be obtained or any potential revenue generated. Sales of such antibody therapeutics will depend substantially, both domestically and internationally, on the extent to which the costs of such antibody therapeutics are paid by health maintenance, managed care, pharmacy

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benefit and similar healthcare management organizations, or reimbursed by government health administration authorities, private health coverage insurers and other third-party payors. If reimbursement is not available, or is available only to limited levels, our partners may not be able to successfully commercialize some antibody therapeutics generated with our technology. Even if coverage is provided, the approved reimbursement amount may not be high enough to allow our partners to establish or maintain pricing sufficient to realize an adequate return on their investment in such antibody therapeutics, and may lead to discontinuation or deprioritization of development, marketing and sales efforts for such products. Changes in the reimbursement landscape may occur, which are outside of our control, and may impact the commercial viability of our drug creation services and/or product candidates.

There is significant uncertainty related to the insurance coverage and reimbursement of newly cleared, authorized or approved antibody therapeutics in the United States and other jurisdictions. Due to the trend toward value-based pricing and coverage, the increasing influence of health maintenance organizations and additional legislative changes, we expect our partners to experience pricing pressures on antibody therapeutics generated using our Integrated Drug Creation platform that our partners may commercialize. The downward pressure on healthcare costs in general, particularly novel therapeutics, has become very intense. As a result, increasingly high barriers are being erected to the entry of new products, which would negatively impact our ability to generate revenues.

Healthcare reform efforts aimed at lowering the price of biopharmaceutical products may impact our ability to maintain sufficient profits.

Payors, whether domestic or foreign, or governmental or private, are developing increasingly sophisticated methods of controlling healthcare costs and those methods are not always specifically adapted for new technologies. In both the United States and certain foreign jurisdictions, there have been a number of legislative and regulatory changes to the health care system that could impact our ability to sell our products profitably. In particular, in 2010, the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, as amended by the ACA, was enacted, which, among other things, subjected biologic products to potential competition by lower-cost biosimilars; addressed a new methodology by which rebates owed by manufacturers under the Medicaid Drug Rebate Program are calculated for drugs that are inhaled, infused, instilled, implanted or injected; increased the minimum Medicaid rebates owed by most manufacturers under the Medicaid Drug Rebate Program; extended the Medicaid Drug Rebate program to utilization of prescriptions of individuals enrolled in Medicaid managed care organizations; subjected manufacturers to new annual fees and taxes for certain branded prescription drugs; created a new Medicare Part D coverage gap discount program, in which manufacturers must agree to offer 50% (increased to 70% pursuant to the Bipartisan Budget Act of 2018, effective as of January 1, 2019) point-of-sale discounts off negotiated prices of applicable brand drugs to eligible beneficiaries during their coverage gap period, as a condition for the manufacturer’s outpatient drugs to be covered under Medicare Part D; and provided incentives to programs that increase the federal government’s comparative effectiveness research. If efforts to contain the price of biopharmaceutical products are successful, the magnitude of milestone payments and royalties we would expect to receive in connection with our partners’ future prioritization and investment in developing novel biologics may be impacted.

Furthermore in August 2022, the IRA was enacted, which among other things: allows for the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services to impose price controls for certain single-source drugs and biotherapeutics reimbursed under Medicare Part B and Part D. Over time, the IRA could reduce the revenues we are able to collect from sales of products developed using our platform; however, the degree of impact that the IRA will ultimately have upon our business remains unclear.

Existing regulatory policies may change, and additional government regulations may be enacted that could prevent, limit or delay regulatory approval of our product candidates.

In June 2024, the U.S. Supreme Court overruled the Chevron doctrine, which gave deference to regulatory agencies’ statutory interpretations in litigation against federal government agencies, such as the FDA, where the law is ambiguous. This decision may result in more lawsuits against the FDA to challenge longstanding decisions and policies of the FDA, which could undermine the FDA’s authority, lead to uncertainties in the industry, and disrupt the FDA’s normal operations, any of which could delay the FDA’s review of our regulatory submissions. We cannot predict the full impact of this decision, future judicial challenges brought against the FDA, or the nature or extent of government regulation that may arise from future legislation or administrative action. If we are slow or unable to adapt to changes in existing requirements or the adoption

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of new requirements or policies, or if we are not able to maintain regulatory compliance, we may lose any marketing approval that we may have obtained, and we may not achieve or sustain profitability.

Changes in funding for, or disruptions to the operations of, the FDA, the SEC and other government agencies, including from government shut downs, could hinder their ability to hire and retain key leadership and other personnel, prevent new products and services from being developed or commercialized in a timely manner or otherwise prevent those agencies from performing normal business functions on which the operation of our business may rely, which could negatively impact our business.

Currently, federal agencies in the United States are operating under a continuing resolution that is set to expire on September 30, 2025. Without appropriation of additional funding to federal agencies, our business operations related to our product development activities for the U.S. market could be impacted. The ability of the FDA to review and approve new products can be affected by a variety of factors, including government budget and funding levels, ability to hire and retain key personnel and accept the payment of user fees, and statutory, regulatory and policy changes. Average review times at the agency have fluctuated in recent years as a result. Disruptions at the FDA and other agencies may also slow the time necessary for new product candidates to be reviewed and/or approved by necessary government agencies, which would adversely affect our business.

For example, over the last several years the U.S. government has shut down several times and certain regulatory agencies, such as the FDA and the SEC, have had to furlough critical FDA, SEC and other government employees and stop critical activities. If a prolonged government shutdown occurs, it could significantly impact the ability of the FDA to timely review and process our regulatory submissions, which could have a material adverse effect on our business. Further, future government shutdowns could impact our ability to access the public markets and obtain necessary capital in order to properly capitalize and continue our operations.

We expect to make significant investments in our continued research and development of new technology, which may not be successful.

We are seeking to expand the scope of our capabilities, which may or may not be successful. This includes, but is not limited to, drug discovery, and application of AI across our Integrated Drug Creation platform. We expect to incur significant expenses to advance these research and development efforts or to invest in, or acquire complementary technologies, but these efforts may not be successful. For instance, we have limited experience with the discovery and development of antibody therapeutics. Additional development will be required for the routine and robust use of these technologies in both our internally developed and partnered programs. Through the course of additional technology development, significant unanticipated challenges may arise that adversely affect our future internally developed programs and partnership prospects. We continue to invest in the development and identification of new technologies to further broaden and deepen our capabilities and expertise in AI-powered drug creation and integrate generative AI deep learning technology and computational antibody and target discovery technology into our Integrated Drug Creation platform to shorten drug discovery timelines. Our long-term goals for this technology, such as constructing deep learning models capable of in silico target identification and drug and cell line design, continue to require significant investment and long development timelines and may ultimately never fully materialize.

Developing new technologies is a speculative and risky endeavor. Technologies that initially show promise may fail to achieve the desired results or may not achieve acceptable levels of analytical accuracy or clinical utility. We may need to alter our technologies in development before we identify a potentially successful technology. Technology development is expensive, may take years to complete and can have uncertain outcomes. Failure can occur at any stage of the development. Additionally, development of any technology may be disrupted or made less viable by the development of competing technologies, and changes in the industry in which our technologies are applied could obsolete our technologies. New potential technologies may fail any stage of development or commercialization and if we determine that any of our current or future technologies are unlikely to succeed, we may abandon them without any return on our investment. If we are unsuccessful in developing or acquiring additional technologies, our potential for growth may be impaired.

The industries in which we operate are characterized by significant enhancements and evolving industry standards. As a result, our partners’ needs are rapidly evolving. If we do not successfully innovate and invest in new technologies, including within the field of AI, our platform may become less competitive, we may fail

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to advance our internally developed programs, and our partners could move to new technologies or engage in drug creation activities themselves. Without the timely introduction of technological advancements, our technologies will likely become less competitive over time, in which case our competitive position and results of operations could suffer. To the extent we fail to timely introduce new and innovative technologies, adequately predict our partners’ needs or fail to obtain desired levels of market acceptance, our business may suffer and our results of operations could be adversely affected.

Risks Related to Our Partnership Business Strategy

Our commercial success depends on the technological capabilities of our Integrated Drug Creation platform and the advancement of our internally developed programs.

We utilize our Integrated Drug Creation platform to identify promising opportunities for development and potential commercialization by our partners. As a result, the quality and sophistication of our Integrated Drug Creation platform and technologies are critical to our ability to conduct our drug creation activities and to generate more promising product candidates and cell lines and to shorten and lower the costs of therapeutic development for our existing and potential partners, as compared to other methods. In particular, our business depends, among other things, on:

•our ability to successfully identify product candidates and production cell lines through our Integrated Drug Creation platform and provide them to our partners on the desired timeframes and for further development;

•our partners’ determination that the product candidates and/or cell lines that we provide to them can ultimately be used to advance our partners’ clinical development programs;

•our partners' entering into license agreements with economic terms that are acceptable to us, which is based substantially on the value our partners believe can be recognized from the product candidates and/or cell lines that we provide to them;

•our ability to execute on our strategy to enter into new partnerships with new or existing partners on terms that are acceptable to us;

•our ability to identify partners to license or acquire rights to our internally developed programs for further preclinical or clinical development;

•our ability to use our generative AI models to create actionable biological insights;

•our ability to increase awareness of the capabilities of our technologies and solutions;

•our partners’ and potential partners’ willingness to adopt our Integrated Drug Creation platform ;

•whether our Integrated Drug Creation platform reliably provides advantages over legacy and other alternative technologies and is perceived by partners to be cost effective;

•the rate of adoption of our technologies by pharmaceutical companies, biotechnology companies of all sizes, government organizations and non-profit organizations and others;

•prices we charge for our technology and the discoveries that we make;

•the relative reliability and robustness of our Integrated Drug Creation platform;

•our ability to develop new technologies for partners;

•our Integrated Drug Creation platform’s ability to offer sufficient cost effectiveness, efficiency, and performance to warrant partners’ continued adoption of and ongoing reliance on our technologies;

•our Integrated Drug Creation platform’s ability to screen a high number of cells and product candidates and leverage this data to train our generative AI models;

•whether competitors develop a platform that enables drug creation more effectively than our platform;

•our ability to bioengineer our proprietary E. coli SoluPro and Bionic SoluPro strains to produce certain types of proteins, validate protein sequences and further train our AI models;

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•our ability to adapt our assays to screen effectively for certain types of therapeutic modalities or targets;

•our ability to adapt our assays to de-orphan antibodies we create using our technology;

•our ability to construct diverse genetic libraries covering sufficient diversity of protein sequence variants and folding and expression solutions combinations;

•our ability to reliably adapt our assays to each program to screen large strain libraries and routinely identify molecules/strains that meet the program deliverable requirements;

•our ability to optimize our fermentation conditions to scale at an effective level;

•our platform’s ability to create new drug modalities and novel conjugates;

•the timing and scope of any approval that may be required by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) or any other regulatory body for drugs that are developed based on molecules discovered and/or manufactured using our Integrated Drug Creation platform technologies;

•our partners’ and the biopharmaceutical industry’s continued interest and investment in antibody therapeutics development, and the continued market growth and clinical and regulatory success of this category collectively;

•the impact of our investments in innovation and commercial growth;

•negative publicity regarding our or our competitors’ technologies resulting from defects or errors;

•our ability to further validate and enhance our Integrated Drug Creation platform through research and development activities;

•our ability to leverage our Integrated Drug Creation platform technologies to create product candidates for internal development and advancement into clinical trials.

There can be no assurance that we will successfully address any of these or other factors that may affect the market acceptance of our Integrated Drug Creation platform or our technology. If we are unsuccessful in achieving and maintaining market acceptance of our Integrated Drug Creation platform, our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects could be adversely affected.

We are substantially dependent on the successful application of our Integrated Drug Creation platform to initiate and advance partnered programs and to develop our internally developed programs that can be further developed by our current or future partners.

The antibody therapeutic development business is capital intensive. Our success significantly depends on our ability to apply our Integrated Drug Creation platform for partnered programs, develop promising internally developed programs, and enter into agreements with our current and future partners to further develop these programs. We have only recently expanded our Integrated Drug Creation platform into antibody therapeutic discovery, both for programs that we develop with our partners and those that we internally develop. In order to realize the full benefits of our Integrated Drug Creation platform, we will need to succeed in advancing it, developing our internally developed programs and marketing our expanded capabilities to existing and potential new partners.

Our future revenue growth and market potential will depend on our ability to continue leveraging our Integrated Drug Creation platform, together with our custom libraries, data sets and other proprietary tools, for drug creation and other areas of biopharmaceutical drug development. However, we may not be able to successfully validate that our Integrated Drug Creation platform will shorten the hit identification and lead optimization steps of biologic drug creation or that our platform will enable us to create promising biologic candidates for further development.

Our inability to continue these initiatives and advance new drug creation efforts could result in a failure to develop our platform, improve upon existing technologies, partner internally developed programs for clinical development, and expand our addressable market, each of which could have a material and adverse impact on our business development, business, financial position and results of operations.

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We do not expect to generate significant recurring revenue from our partnership arrangements unless and until such time as we enter into further agreements that, in the aggregate, result in regular and continuous fees for our performance of drug creation activities or agreements under which we would be eligible for future payments upon our partners’ achievement of development and regulatory milestones or commencement of commercial sales with respect to any product candidates generated using our platform. We are unable to predict whether and the extent to which payments will be made to us under our partnership arrangements, and whether and the extent to which we will be able to enter into future arrangements under which we are eligible to generate additional revenues, or the timing of the achievement of any milestones under these agreements, if they are achieved at all. The timing and likelihood of payments to us under these agreements is dependent on our partners’ successful development and commercialization of the molecules created using our platform, which may be outside of our control. Because of these factors, our operating results are difficult to predict and could vary materially from quarter to quarter.

Our partnership strategy significantly depends on the eventual approval and commercialization of product candidates developed under our partnerships for which we may have no control over the clinical development plan, regulatory strategy or commercialization efforts.

Our partnership strategy depends on the eventual progression of biologic product candidates discovered or initially developed utilizing our Integrated Drug Creation platform into clinical trials and commercialization. This requires us to attract partners and enter into agreements with them that contain obligations for the partners to pay us milestone payments as well as royalties on sales of approved products for the product candidates that they develop and were generated utilizing our Integrated Drug Creation platform. Given the nature of our relationships with our partners and future partners, we often do not fully control the progression, clinical development, regulatory strategy or eventual commercialization, if approved, of these partnered product candidates. As a result, our future success and the potential to receive milestones and royalties are significantly dependent on our partners’ efforts, over which we have little control. If a partner determines not to proceed with the future development of a product candidate discovered or initially developed utilizing our Integrated Drug Creation platform, if it implements a clinical or regulatory strategy that ultimately does not enable the further development, approval or commercialization of the product candidate, or if we cannot find a partner to advance an internally developed program, we will not receive the benefits of our partnerships, which may have a material and adverse effect on our operations.

In addition, antibody therapeutic development is inherently uncertain and very few product candidates ultimately progress through clinical development and receive approval for commercialization. See the risk factor section titled, “Risks Related to Biologic Drug Development” for additional information related to the risks of biologic drug development. If our partners do not receive regulatory approval for a sufficient number of product candidates originating from our Integrated Drug Creation platform, we may not be able sustain our business model.

While as a general matter we intend to periodically report on the status of our business development initiatives, including anticipated next steps, we may not provide forward-looking guidance on the timing of those next steps. In addition, we do not control the timing of disclosure by our partners of any milestones or other information related to product candidates generated using our Integrated Drug Creation platform. Any disclosure by us or our partners of data or other information regarding any such product candidates that is perceived as negative may have a material adverse impact on our stock price or overall valuation. Our stock price may also decline as a result of negative results from any eventual clinical trial, including adverse safety events, involving any product candidate that is subject to one of our partnerships.

If we cannot maintain our current relationships with partners, fail to expand our relationships with our current partners, or if we fail to enter into new relationships, our future operating results would be adversely affected as a general matter.

In the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, revenue from two partners accounted for 99% and 89% of our partner program revenue, respectively. The revenue attributable to these partnerships may fluctuate in the future, which could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects. Our existing partners may cease to use our technologies depending on their own technological developments, availability of other competing technologies, and internal decisions regarding allocation of time and resources to the discovery and development of biologic product candidates, over which we have no control. Our existing and potential future partners may have limited resources to initiate new programs, which could limit their adoption or scale of application of our technologies. In addition, existing partners may

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choose to produce some or all of their requirements internally by using or internally developing their own capabilities or by using capabilities from acquisitions of assets or entities from third parties with such capabilities. While our business is not substantially dependent on partner program revenues from any individual partner, because we currently have a limited number of partnerships, a loss of one of our partners could adversely impact our revenue, results of operations, cash flows or reputation in any given period.

Our partnership strategy’s future success also depends on our ability to expand relationships with our existing partners and to establish relationships with new partners. We engage in discussions with third parties regarding potential drug creation, license, and asset sale opportunities on an ongoing basis, which can be time consuming. There is no assurance that any of these discussions will result in a drug creation, asset sale, and/or license agreement, or if an agreement is reached, that the resulting relationship will be successful, or that the terms of such agreement will be favorable to us. We target partnerships with biotechnology and pharmaceutical companies. Macro-economic market conditions have had, and may continue to have, a significant effect on the formation, funding and research and development budgets of these types of entities and could have a significant effect on the number of viable companies with whom we may partner or the programs viable partners may elect to pursue. Our partners and future partners may also determine their research and development budgets based on other factors, including conservation of cash resources, changes in business priorities, the need to develop new products, technological expertise, continued availability of governmental and other funding, competition, and intellectual property landscape. If research and development budgets of viable partners are reduced or the number of viable partners decline, the impact could adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

In addition, our ability to monitor the achievement of clinical, regulatory and commercial milestones by our partners and enforce the payment of any corresponding fees is limited. Furthermore, the termination of any of these relationships could result in a temporary or permanent loss of revenue. Additionally, speculation in the industry about our existing or potential commercial relationships can be a catalyst for adverse speculation about us and our technology, which can adversely affect our reputation and our business.

We cannot assure investors that we will be able to maintain or expand our existing partnerships or that our technologies will achieve adequate market adoption among new partners. Any failure to increase penetration in our existing markets or new markets would adversely affect our ability to improve our operating results from our partnership strategy.

Our revenue under our partnered programs for any particular period, or on an absolute basis, can be difficult to forecast.

Because of the complexities and long development timelines inherent in the biologic drug development business, it is difficult to predict the timing of payments under our drug creation and other partner agreements. In particular, payments under our drug creation agreements are subject to the achievement of project milestones and our partners’ decisions to initiate or continue the drug creation work, and any future downstream payments with respect to product candidates generated using our Integrated Drug Creation platform will be subject to our partners’ advancement of the product candidates, over which we have no control. As a result, our revenue for any particular period can be difficult to forecast. Our revenue may grow at a slower rate than in past periods or even decline on a year-over-year basis. Because of these factors, our operating results could vary materially from quarter to quarter from our forecasts. Also, due to the limited probability of success for advancement of a product candidate by a partner at any given stage of development and the unpredictability of when a partner may choose to continue development of a product candidate and whether any milestone payments will be due to us, our revenue may be difficult to forecast on an absolute basis.

Additionally, we recognize revenue either as we perform our drug creation activities, upon completion of performing our drug creation activities or upon achieving certain licensing, clinical, regulatory, and commercialization milestones. As a result, much of our revenue is generated from agreements entered into during previous periods. Consequently, a decline in demand for our platform, a decline in new or renewed business in any one quarter or any delays in the achievement, or any failure to achieve, development, regulatory and commercial milestones by our partners with respect to product candidates generated using our platform, may not significantly reduce our revenue for that quarter but could negatively affect our revenue in future quarters. Our revenue recognition model also makes it difficult for us to rapidly increase our revenue through increased operations in any period, as revenue from partners is recognized over the course of their drug development and commercialization efforts.

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The failure of our drug creation partners to meet their contractual obligations to us could adversely affect our business.

Our reliance on our partners poses a number of additional risks, including the risk that they may not perform their contractual obligations to us to our standards, in compliance with applicable legal or contractual requirements, in a timely manner or at all; they may not maintain the confidentiality of our proprietary information; and disagreements or disputes could arise that could cause delays in, or termination of, the research, development or commercialization of products generated using our platform or result in litigation or arbitration.

In addition, certain of our partners are large, multinational organizations that run many programs concurrently, and we are dependent on their ability to accurately track and make milestone payments to us pursuant to the terms of our agreements with them. Any failure by them to inform us when milestones are reached and make related payments to us could adversely affect our results of operations.

Moreover, some of our future partners may be located in markets subject to political and social risk, armed conflict, corruption and infrastructure problems, and could be subject to country-specific privacy and data security risk as well as burdensome legal and regulatory requirements. Any of these factors could adversely impact their financial condition and results of operations, which could impair their ability to meet their contractual obligations to us and have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Our partners may not achieve projected discovery and development milestones and other anticipated key events in the expected timelines or at all, which could have an adverse impact on our business and our anticipated revenue.

From time to time, we may make public statements regarding the expected timing of certain milestones and key events, as well as regarding developments and milestones under our partnerships, to the extent that our partners have publicly disclosed such information or permit us to make such disclosures. Certain of our partners may in the future make statements about their goals and expectations for partnerships with us. The actual timing of these events can vary dramatically due to a number of factors such as delays or failures in our or our current and future partners’ drug discovery and development programs, the amount of time, effort, and resources committed by us and our current and future partners, and the numerous uncertainties inherent in the development of drugs. Additionally, to date, none of our partners has successfully completed a regulatory submission, such as an IND application or BLA, for a product candidate generated using our Integrated Drug Creation platform. There can be no assurance that our partners’ current and future programs will advance or be completed in the time frames we or they expect. If our partners fail to achieve one or more of these milestones or other key events as planned, our business could be materially adversely affected and we may never receive the anticipated revenues from these partnerships.

Our partners have significant discretion in determining when and whether to make announcements, if any, about the status of our partnerships, including about clinical developments and timelines for advancing partnered programs, and the price of our common stock may decline as a result of announcements of unexpected or negative results or developments.

Our partners have significant discretion in determining when and whether to make announcements about the status of our partnerships, including about preclinical and clinical developments and timelines for advancing product candidates generated using our Integrated Drug Creation platform. We do not plan to disclose the development status and progress of individual product candidates of our partners, unless and until those partners do so first. Our partners may wish to report such information more or less frequently than we expect, or they may not report such information at all, in which case we would not report that information either, unless material to our financial statements. In addition, if a partner chooses to announce a partnership with us, there is no guarantee that we will receive payments related to partner program revenue in that quarter or even the following quarter, as such payments are only payable to us in accordance with the terms of the agreements governing such partnerships. The price of our common stock may decline as a result of the public announcement of unexpected results or developments in our partnerships, or as a result of our partners withholding such information.

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Risks Related to Our Operations

We rely on a limited number of suppliers for laboratory equipment and materials and may not be able to find replacements or transition to alternative suppliers on a timely basis, or at all.

We rely on a limited number of suppliers to provide certain consumables and equipment that we use in our laboratory operations, as well as reagents and other laboratory materials involved in the development of our technology. Fluctuations in the availability and price of laboratory materials and equipment could have an adverse effect on our ability to meet our drug creation goals with our partners and thus our results from operations as well as future partnership opportunities. An interruption in our laboratory operations or technology transfer activities could occur if we encounter delays, quality issues or other difficulties in securing these consumables, equipment, reagents or other materials, and if we cannot then obtain an acceptable substitute. In addition, we would likely be required to incur significant costs and devote significant efforts to find new suppliers, acquire and qualify new equipment, validate new reagents and revalidate aspects of our existing assays, which may cause delays in our processing of samples or development and commercialization of our technology. Any such interruption could significantly affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and reputation.

In particular, we have purchased and rely on a bioreactor system and related equipment, consumables and liquid handling robotics, and associated consumables. We obtain our supplies of equipment and materials under purchase orders and do not have supply contracts in place with certain suppliers. Any disruption in the supply chain for these products could materially affect our business. While there are alternative types of equipment that we could use as a replacement, switching to different systems could require significant capital investment, long lead times and significant training and validation.

Our Integrated Drug Creation platform may not meet the expectations of our partners, which means our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects could suffer.

Our success depends on, among other things, the market’s confidence that our Integrated Drug Creation platform is capable of substantially shortening the amount of time necessary to perform certain activities as compared to the use of legacy and other alternative technologies, and will enable more efficient or improved preclinical and clinical development and/or biomanufacturing. There is no assurance that we will be able to fully accomplish this in the future, or at all. To date, we have not yet had a product candidate from our Integrated Drug Creation platform advance into clinical testing, which may reduce our existing and prospective partners' confidence in our platform. We also believe that pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies are likely to be particularly sensitive to defects in, or suboptimal performance of, our Integrated Drug Creation platform, including if it fails to deliver meaningful reduction of certain research timelines accompanied by results at least as good as the results generated using legacy or other alternative technologies. There can be no guarantee that our Integrated Drug Creation platform will meet the expectations of pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies.

We will need to develop and expand our workforce, commercial infrastructure and laboratory operations to support anticipated growth in demand for our drug creation programs, and we may encounter difficulties in managing this development and expansion.

We will need to expand our workforce, commercial infrastructure and laboratory operations to support anticipated growth in demand for our drug creation programs. If we are unable to support fluctuations in the demand for our drug creation programs, including ensuring that we have adequate capacity to meet increased demand, our business could suffer. We expect to continue to develop our employees and the scope of our operations as we continue to enhance our technologies and expand our number of programs. As we seek to increase the number of our partnerships, expand the scope of our existing partnerships, pursue internally developed programs and further develop our technological capabilities, we may need to incorporate new equipment, implement new technology systems and laboratory processes and hire new personnel with different qualifications. Failure to manage this growth or transition could result in turnaround time delays, higher research and development costs, declining drug creation program quality, deteriorating alliance management success, and slower responses to competitive challenges. Moreover the successful execution of our programs requires ongoing integration amongst our employees who come from a variety of technical backgrounds. As we increase the number of partnered and internally developed programs, we must ensure alignment and effective collaboration between our wet-lab biologists and AI scientists which we may not achieve due to the challenge of integrating these disparate domains. A failure in

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any one of these areas could make it difficult for us to meet market expectations for our technologies, and could damage our reputation and the prospects for our business.

To manage future growth, we must continue to implement and improve our managerial, operational and financial systems, expand our facilities and continue to recruit and train additional qualified personnel. Also, our management team may need to divert a disproportionate amount of its attention away from its day-to-day activities and devote a substantial amount of time to managing growth activities. Due to our limited resources and early stage of growth, we may not be able to effectively manage this simultaneous execution and the expansion of our operations. This may result in weaknesses in our infrastructure, operational mistakes, slower development of our drug creation partnered programs and internally developed programs, loss of business opportunities, loss of employees and reduced productivity among our employees.

If our management is unable to effectively manage our expected development and growth, our expenses may increase more than expected, our ability to generate or increase our revenue could be reduced and we may not be able to implement our business strategy. Our future financial performance, and our ability to develop and commercialize our technologies and compete effectively, will depend, in part, on our ability to effectively manage our future development and growth.

The loss of any member of our senior leadership team or our inability to attract and retain highly skilled scientists and business development professionals could adversely affect our business.

Our success depends on the skills, experience and performance of key members of our senior leadership team, including Sean McClain, our founder and Chief Executive Officer, Zachariah Jonasson, our Chief Financial Officer and Chief Business Officer, and Andreas Busch, Ph.D., our Chief Innovation Officer. The individual and collective efforts of these employees will be important as we continue to develop our Integrated Drug Creation platform and our technology, and as we expand our commercial and development activities. The loss or incapacity of existing members of our executive management team could adversely affect our operations if we experience difficulties in hiring qualified successors. While our executive officers are party to employment contracts with us, their employment with us is at-will, which means that either we or the executive may terminate their employment at any time, and we therefore cannot guarantee their retention for any period of time.

Our research and development activities depend on our ability to attract and retain highly skilled personnel. We may not be able to attract or retain qualified personnel due to the intense competition for highly skilled scientists, including those focused on AI-powered biologic drug discovery and cell line development, as well as qualified business development and sales professionals, among life sciences companies. Competition for personnel with expertise in AI-powered drug discovery is particularly intense. Additionally, our headquarters located in Vancouver, Washington, which does not have as high a concentration of innovative biotechnology or AI companies as other geographic locations, may negatively impact our ability to attract and retain top talent.

We also face competition from universities and public and private research institutions in recruiting and retaining highly qualified scientific personnel. We may have difficulties locating, recruiting or retaining qualified salespeople. Recruiting and retention difficulties can limit our ability to support our research and business development programs. A key risk in the area of retention is that all of our employees are at-will.

We in the past have, and in the future may, make technology acquisitions, acquire businesses or assets, or make investments in other companies or technologies that could negatively affect our operating results, dilute our stockholders’ ownership, increase our debt or cause us to incur significant expense.

We have made technology acquisitions and expect to pursue acquisitions of businesses and assets in the future. We also may pursue strategic alliances, joint ventures or other commercial deal structures that leverage our technologies and industry experience to expand our offerings. Additionally, we intend to invest in certain wholly-owned preclinical and/or clinical development programs with the goal of licensing or selling them to partners for clinical development. Although we have acquired other businesses or assets in the past, we may not be able to find suitable partners or acquisition or asset purchase candidates in the future, and we may not be able to complete such transactions on favorable terms, if at all. The competition for partners or acquisition candidates may be intense, and the negotiation process will be time-consuming and complex. If we make any acquisitions, we may not be able to integrate these acquisitions successfully into our existing business, these acquisitions may not strengthen our competitive position, the transactions may be viewed

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negatively by partners or investors, we may be unable to retain key employees of any acquired business, relationships with key suppliers, manufacturers or partners of any acquired business may be impaired due to changes in management and ownership, and we could assume unknown or contingent liabilities. Any future acquisitions also could result in the incurrence of debt, contingent liabilities or future write-offs of intangible assets or goodwill, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects. We cannot guarantee that we will be able to fully recover the costs of any acquisition. Integration of an acquired company also may disrupt ongoing operations and require management resources that we would otherwise focus on developing our existing business. We may not realize the anticipated benefits of any acquisition, technology license, strategic alliance, joint venture, or other commercial deal structure. We also may experience losses related to investments in other companies, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects. Acquisitions may also expose us to a variety of international and business related risks, including intellectual property, regulatory laws, local laws, tax and accounting.

To finance any acquisitions or asset purchase, we may choose to issue securities as consideration, which would dilute the ownership of our stockholders. Additional funds may not be available on terms that are favorable to us, or at all. If the price of our common stock is low or volatile, we may not be able to acquire companies or assets using our securities as consideration.

We may be subject to laws that generally govern the biopharmaceutical industry.

Biopharmaceutical companies are subject to additional healthcare regulation and enforcement by the federal government and by authorities in the states and foreign jurisdictions in which they conduct their business. These laws and regulations may constrain our relationships with our customers and partners. Such laws include, without limitation, state and federal anti-kickback, fraud and abuse, false claims, and transparency laws and regulations related to drug pricing and payments and other transfers of value made to physicians and other healthcare providers. If our partners’ operations are found to be in violation of any of such laws or any other governmental regulations that apply, we may be subject to penalties, including, without limitation, administrative, civil and criminal penalties, damages, fines, disgorgement, the curtailment or restructuring of operations, integrity oversight and reporting obligations, exclusion from participation in federal and state healthcare programs and responsible individuals may be subject to imprisonment.

Our equipment financing agreements may contain covenants that restrict our operating activities, and we may be required to repay the outstanding indebtedness in an event of default, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

We have entered into a Master Financing Agreement (MFA) pursuant to which the lender agreed to provide us equipment financing. Until we have repaid such indebtedness, the MFA subjects us to various customary covenants, including requirements as to financial reporting, liquidity ratios and maintaining insurance. Our business may be adversely affected by these restrictions on our ability to operate our business.

We may be required to repay the outstanding indebtedness under the MFA if an event of default occurs under the MFA. An event of default will occur if, among other things, we fail to make required payments under the MFA; we breach any of our covenants under the MFA, subject to specified cure periods with respect to certain breaches; the lender determines that a material adverse change (as defined in the MFA) has occurred; we or our assets become subject to certain legal proceedings, such as bankruptcy proceedings; we are unable to pay our debts as they become due; or we default on contracts with third parties which would permit the third party to accelerate the maturity of such indebtedness or that could have a material adverse change on us. We may not have enough available cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments or be able to raise additional funds through equity or debt financings to repay such indebtedness at the time any such event of default occurs. In such a case, we may be required to delay, limit, reduce or terminate our operations or grant to other parties the rights to develop and market our Integrated Drug Creation platform that we would otherwise prefer to develop and market ourselves. The lender could also exercise its rights as secured lender to take possession of and to dispose of the collateral securing the MFA, which collateral includes substantially all of our property. Our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects could be materially adversely affected as a result of any of these events.

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Our inability to collect on our accounts receivable by a significant number of partners may have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Invoices issued to our partners are generally made on open credit terms. While we have not experienced any significant challenges in collecting on accounts receivable from our partners historically, they may occur in the future. Management assesses the need to maintain an allowance for potential credit losses each reporting period. If our partners’ cash flow, working capital, financial conditions or results of operations deteriorate, they may be unable or even unwilling to pay trade receivables owed to us promptly or at all. As a result, we could be exposed to a certain level of credit risk. If a major partner experiences, or a significant number of partners experience, financial difficulties, the effect on us could be material and have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

If our operating facility becomes damaged or inoperable or we are required to vacate our facility, our ability to conduct and pursue our drug creation and internal research and development efforts may be jeopardized.

We currently operate primarily through a single facility located in Vancouver, Washington. Our facility and equipment could be harmed or rendered inoperable or inaccessible by natural or man-made disasters or other circumstances beyond our control, including fire, earthquake, power loss, communications failure, war or terrorism, or another catastrophic event, such as a pandemic or similar outbreak or public health crisis, which may render it difficult or impossible for us to support our partners, advance internal research and development activities, and develop updates, upgrades and other improvements to our technology and platform, advanced automation systems, and advanced application for some period of time. We may be unable to execute on our drug creation and additional research and development activities if our facility is inoperable or suffers a loss of utilization for even a short period of time. This may result in the loss of partners or harm to our reputation, which we may be unable to regain or repair in the future. This may interrupt the development of our internally developed programs, which may delay our ability to monetize such programs. Furthermore, our facility and the equipment we use to perform our drug creation activities could be unavailable or costly and time-consuming to repair or replace. It would be difficult, time-consuming and expensive to rebuild our facility, to locate and qualify a new facility or license or transfer our proprietary technology to a third party. Even in the event we are able to find a third party to assist in drug creation efforts, we may be unable to negotiate commercially reasonable terms to engage with the third party.

Our current and future use of evolving technologies, such as artificial intelligence (AI), may present risks and challenges that can impact our business, including by posing cybersecurity and other risks to our confidential and/or proprietary information, including personal information, and as a result we may be exposed to operational challenges, reputational harm and potential liability.

Our technology development activities depend on sophisticated AI algorithms and computational systems to conduct drug creation activities. These activities require substantial computational resources, including high-performance computing systems and cloud computing services. The availability of these resources is critical to our ability to efficiently process large datasets, perform complex simulations, and analyze vast amounts of genetic and molecular information. Limited access to, or the inability to expand, these computational resources could pose significant risks to our business and operations in the following ways:

•Insufficient computational power could slow down our R&D activities, leading to delays in drug creation partnerships, internally developed programs and technology development activities. This slowdown could adversely affect our ability to meet project milestones and delay program development;

•Relying on external providers for additional computational resources can significantly increase our operational costs. Unexpected increases in these costs could impact our financial condition, especially if we are unable to pass these costs onto our customers or adequately budget for them;

•Our ability to remain competitive depends on our capacity to leverage cutting-edge AI technologies and computational methods. Limited access to computational resources could hinder our ability to innovate and maintain our technological advantage;

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•Limited computational resources may lead to operational bottlenecks, affecting our ability to process data and execute tasks efficiently. This inefficiency could impair our productivity and operational effectiveness, impacting our overall business performance; or

•Expanding our computational infrastructure or resorting to third-party cloud services to meet our computational needs could expose us to increased compliance and security risks. Ensuring data protection and meeting regulatory requirements become more challenging as we scale our computational resources, potentially leading to financial penalties and reputational damage.

We continually assess our computational need s and strategically invest in our infrastructure, including access to compute via cloud computing arrangements, to mitigate these risks. However, there is no assurance that these measures will be sufficient to prevent the adverse effects associated with limited access to computational resources. Our failure to effectively manage and scale our computational resources could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and operational results.

Additionally, if we enable or use solutions that draw controversy due to perceived or actual negative societal impact, we may experience brand or reputational harm, competitive harm or legal liability. A growing number of legislators and regulators are adopting laws and regulations and have focused enforcement efforts on the adoption of artificial intelligence, and use of such technologies in compliance with ethical standards and societal expectations. These developments may increase our compliance burden and costs in connection with use of artificial intelligence and lead to legal liability if we fail to meet evolving legal standards or if use of such technologies results in harms or other causes of action we did not predict. For example, the EU’s Artificial Intelligence Act (“AI Act”) entered into force on August 1, 2024, with most provisions becoming effective on August 2, 2026. This legislation imposes significant obligations on providers and deployers of artificial intelligence systems, and encourages providers and deployers of artificial intelligence systems to account for EU ethical principles in their development and use of these systems. The scope of requirements depends on legal and risk determinations that rely on novel legal provisions that have not yet been interpreted by courts or regulators, and non-compliance can lead to significant fines. Likewise, in the U.S., several states, including Colorado and California, passed laws that will take effect in 2026, to regulate various uses of artificial intelligence, including to make consequential decisions. In addition, various federal regulators have issued guidance and focused enforcement efforts on the use of AI in regulated sectors. If we develop or use AI systems governed by these laws or regulations, we will need to meet higher standards of data quality, transparency, monitoring and human oversight, and we would need to adhere to specific and potentially burdensome and costly ethical, accountability, and administrative requirements, with the potential for significant enforcement or litigation in the event of any perceived non-compliance.

The rapid evolution of artificial intelligence will require the application of significant resources to design, develop, test and maintain such systems to help ensure that artificial intelligence is implemented in accordance with applicable law and regulation and in a socially responsible manner and to minimize any real or perceived unintended harmful impacts. The use of certain artificial intelligence technologies can also give rise to intellectual property risks, including by disclosing or otherwise compromising our confidential or proprietary intellectual property, or by undermining our ability to assert or defend ownership rights in intellectual property created with the assistance of artificial intelligence tools. Our vendors may in turn incorporate artificial intelligence tools into their offerings, and the providers of these artificial intelligence tools may not meet existing or rapidly evolving regulatory or industry standards, including with respect to privacy and data security. Further, bad actors around the world use increasingly sophisticated methods, including the use of artificial intelligence, to engage in illegal activities involving the theft and misuse of personal information, confidential information and intellectual property. Any of these effects could damage our reputation, result in the loss of valuable property and information, cause us to breach applicable laws and regulations, and adversely impact our business.

We depend on our information technology systems, and any significant disruptions to or failure of these systems could result in significant financial, legal, regulatory, business and reputational harm to our business.

Significant disruptions to our and our service providers’ information technology systems or data security incidents could result in significant financial, legal, regulatory, business and reputational harm to us. We are increasingly dependent on information technology systems and infrastructure, including services licensed, leased or purchased from third parties such as cloud computing infrastructure and operating systems, for significant elements of our business operations, including the operation of our Integrated Drug Creation

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platform (which includes for example our proprietary AI models, our antibody discovery software platform, our computational biology system), our knowledge management system, our partner reporting, our advanced automation systems, and advanced application software. These systems involve computational resources and data storage distributed between onsite servers, cloud computing infrastructure hosted by third-party providers, and a private graphics processing unit cluster owned by us but located and maintained at a facility in Texas.

In the ordinary course of business, we collect, store, process and transmit large amounts of sensitive information, including intellectual property, proprietary business information, personal information and other confidential information. It is critical that we do so in a secure manner to maintain the confidentiality, integrity and availability of such sensitive information. We have installed, and expect to expand, a number of enterprise software systems that affect a broad range of business processes and functional areas, including for example, systems handling human resources, procurement, financial controls and reporting, contract management, regulatory compliance and other infrastructure operations. These implementations were expensive and required significant time and effort.

We have also outsourced elements of our operations (including elements of our information technology infrastructure) to third parties, and as a result, we manage a number of third-party vendors who may have access to our networks or our confidential information. While we take measures to safeguard and protect this information, threats to network and data security are constantly evolving and growing in frequency and sophistication.

We may also face increased cybersecurity risks due to our reliance on internet technology and the number of our employees working remotely, which may create additional opportunities for cybercriminals to exploit vulnerabilities. We intend to extend the capabilities of both our preventative and detective security controls by augmenting the monitoring and alerting functions, the network design and the automatic countermeasure operations of our technical systems. These information technology and telecommunications systems support a variety of functions, including manufacturing operations, laboratory operations, data analysis, quality control, partner service and support, billing, research and development activities, scientific and general administrative activities. A significant risk in implementing these systems includes the integration and communication between separate IT systems, and any failure to integrate these systems effectively could adversely affect various aspects of our operations.

International expansion of our business exposes us to business, regulatory, political, operational, financial and economic risks associated with doing business outside of the United States.

Because we currently market our technologies and our partners may market products derived from our technologies outside of the United States and we or our partners may market future technologies, products and services outside of the United States, if cleared, authorized or approved, our business is subject to risks associated with doing business outside of the United States, including an increase in our expenses, disruptions to our supply chain, security threats and diversion of our management’s attention from the development of future products and services. In addition, we currently maintain offices and have employees located in Zug, Switzerland and Belgrade, Serbia. Our current and planned international operations could expose us to additional risks that may adversely affect our business and financial results, including:

•multiple, conflicting and changing laws and regulations such as privacy security and data use regulations, tax laws, export and import controls and restrictions, tariffs, economic sanctions and embargoes, employment laws, anticorruption laws, regulatory requirements, reporting and disclosure obligations, reimbursement or payor regimes and other governmental approvals, permits and licenses;

•failure by us, our partners or our distributors to obtain regulatory clearance, authorization or approval for the use of our technologies in various countries;

•additional potentially relevant third-party patent rights;

•complexities and difficulties in obtaining intellectual property protection and enforcing our intellectual property;

•difficulties in staffing and managing foreign operations;

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•complexities associated with managing multiple payor reimbursement regimes, government payors or patient self-pay systems;

•difficulties in negotiating favorable reimbursement negotiations with governmental authorities;

•complexities in technology transfer regulations and logistics related to delivery of our bioengineered E. coli to partners;

•logistics and regulations associated with shipping samples, including infrastructure conditions and transportation delays;

•limits in our ability to penetrate international markets if we are not able to conduct our operations locally;

•financial risks, such as longer payment cycles, difficulty collecting accounts receivable, the impact of local and regional financial crises on demand and payment for our technologies, exposure to foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations and different tax jurisdictions;

•natural disasters, political and economic instability, including wars, terrorism, political unrest and global conflicts such as Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, ongoing conflicts in the Middle East and heightened tensions in the Pacific region, outbreak of disease or other public health crises, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, boycotts, curtailment of trade, including as a result of tariffs, export controls and sanctions implemented by or against the United States in relation to other countries or jurisdictions, and other business restrictions;

•certain expenses, including expenses for travel, translation services, labor and employment costs and insurance;

•regulatory and compliance risks that relate to maintaining accurate information and control over sales and distributors’ activities that may fall within the purview of the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA), its books and records provisions, or its anti-bribery provisions; and

•onerous anti-bribery requirements under laws similar to the FCPA in other jurisdictions in which we may now or in the future operate, including those of several member states in the European Union (EU), such as the United Kingdom’s Bribery Act of 2010, and other countries that are constantly changing and require disclosure of information to which U.S. legal privilege may not extend.

Any of these factors could significantly harm our future international expansion and operations and, consequently, our revenue and results of operations.

Our business activities are subject to the FCPA and other anti-bribery and anti-corruption laws of the United States and other countries in which we operate, as well as U.S. and certain foreign export controls and trade sanctions. Violations of such legal requirements could subject us to liability.

We are subject to the FCPA, which among other things prohibits companies and their third-party intermediaries from offering, promising, giving or authorizing others to give anything of value, either directly or indirectly, to non-U.S. government officials for the purpose of obtaining or retaining business or securing any other improper advantage. The FCPA also requires public companies to make and keep books and records that accurately and fairly reflect the transactions of the corporation and to devise and maintain an adequate system of internal accounting controls. Companies in the biotechnology and biopharmaceutical field are highly regulated and therefore involve interactions with public officials, including officials of non-U.S. governments. Additionally, in many other countries, hospitals are owned and operated by the government, and doctors and other hospital employees would be considered foreign officials under the FCPA. These laws are complex and far-reaching in nature, and, as a result, there is no certainty that all of our employees, agents or contractors will comply with such laws and regulations. Any violations of these laws, or allegations of such violations, could disrupt our operations, involve significant management distraction, involve significant costs and expenses, including legal fees, and could result in a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects. We could also suffer severe penalties, including criminal and civil penalties, disgorgement and other remedial measures.

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We use biological and hazardous materials that require considerable expertise and expense for handling, storage and disposal and may result in claims against us.

We work with materials, including chemicals, biological agents and compounds that could be hazardous to human health and safety or the environment. Our operations also produce hazardous and biological waste products. Our SoluPro system is based on bioengineered E. coli, which could pose a health risk if improperly handled. Additionally, we employ various synthetic biology processes, which could involve the use or emission of harmful materials. Federal, state and local laws and regulations govern the use, generation, manufacture, storage, handling and disposal of these materials and wastes. We may be subject to periodic inspections by relevant authorities to ensure compliance with applicable laws. Compliance with applicable environmental laws and regulations is expensive, and current or future environmental laws and regulations may restrict our operations. If we do not comply with applicable regulations, we may be subject to fines and penalties.

In addition, we cannot eliminate the risk of accidental injury or contamination from these materials or wastes, which could cause an interruption of our commercialization efforts, drug creation partnered programs and internally developed programs and business operations, as well as environmental damage resulting in costly clean-up and liabilities under applicable laws and regulations. In the event of contamination or injury, we could be liable for damages or penalized with fines in an amount exceeding our resources and our operations could be suspended or otherwise adversely affected. Furthermore, environmental laws and regulations are complex, change frequently and have tended to become more stringent. We cannot predict the impact of such changes and cannot be certain of our future compliance.

Public health crises such as pandemics or similar outbreaks could cause a disruption of the development of our platform technologies, and adversely impact our business.

As a result of public health crises, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, we have previously experienced and may in the future experience severe delays and disruptions, including, for example:

•interruption of or delays in receiving products and supplies from third parties;

•limitations on our business operations by local, state and/or federal governments that could impact our ability to conduct our technology development and other activities;

•delays in negotiations with partners and potential partners;

•increases in facilities costs to comply with physical distancing guidance;

•business disruptions caused by workplace, laboratory and office closures and an increased reliance on employees working from home, travel limitations, cyber security and data accessibility, or communication or mass transit disruptions; and

•limitations on employee resources that would otherwise be focused on the conduct of our activities, including because of sickness of employees or their families or the desire of employees to avoid contact with large groups of people.

Any of these factors could severely impact drug creation, internal program, manufacturing, other research and development activities, business operations and business development, or delay necessary interactions with local regulators, and other important contractors and partners. These and other factors may adversely impact our ability to conduct our business generally and have a material adverse impact on our operations and financial condition and results.

We rely and expect in the future to rely on a limited number of outside parties to perform the cGMP manufacturing for preclinical development, clinical development and commercialization of any biologic product candidates produced using our technology. Limitations in this global cGMP manufacturing capacity could delay or prevent preclinical development, clinical development and/or commercialization efforts.

We develop manufacturing processes that are required to use our cell lines, but we do not currently have capabilities to manufacture products in accordance with cGMPs. We rely on the in-house manufacturing capabilities of our partners or capabilities of established third-party CDMOs to manufacture our and our partners product candidates. Manufacturing capacity maintained by our partners or third-party CDMOs is a finite resource that is in demand. Shortages in cGMP manufacturing capacity are difficult to predict and could hamper our operations and harm our business.

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In addition, from time to time we have relied upon, and may continue to rely upon, third party CDMOs that are based in jurisdictions outside the United States. Legislative proposals are pending that, if enacted, could negatively impact U.S. funding for certain biotechnology providers having relationships with foreign adversaries or which potentially pose a threat to national security. If any of our third party CDMOs are impacted by these legislative proposals, the potential downstream adverse impacts on us are unknown but may include supply chain disruptions or delays.

While we have no active plans to operate a manufacturing facility designed to comply with cGMPs, future market pressures or the lack of available capacity at third-party cGMP manufacturing facilities may necessitate our entry into this market, which could result in our incurring additional time and expenses to establish our own cGMP manufacturing capabilities and have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Risks Related to Our Intellectual Property

If we are unable to obtain and maintain sufficient intellectual property protection for our technologies, including for our cell line and expression technologies, generative deep learning technology, proprietary assays and techniques, and antibody and target discovery technology, or if the scope of the intellectual property protection obtained is not sufficiently broad, our competitors could develop and commercialize technologies similar or identical to ours, and our ability to successfully leverage our technologies may be impaired.

We rely on patent protection as well as trademark, copyright, trade secret and other intellectual property rights protection and contractual restrictions to protect our proprietary technologies, all of which provide limited protection and may not adequately protect our rights or permit us to gain or keep a competitive advantage. If we fail to protect our intellectual property, third parties may be able to compete more effectively against us. In addition, we may incur substantial litigation costs in our attempts to recover or restrict the use of our intellectual property.

To the extent our intellectual property offers inadequate protection, or is found to be invalid or unenforceable, we would be exposed to a greater risk of direct competition. If our intellectual property does not provide adequate coverage of our competitors’ products and services, our competitive position could be adversely affected, as could our business. Both the patent application process and the process of managing patent disputes can be time-consuming and expensive.

Our success depends in large part on our ability to obtain and maintain adequate protection of the intellectual property we may own solely and jointly with others or otherwise have rights to, particularly patents, in the United States and in other countries with respect to our platform, our software and our technologies, without infringing the intellectual property rights of others.

We strive to protect and enhance the proprietary technologies that we believe are important to our business, including seeking patents intended to cover our Integrated Drug Creation platform and related technologies and uses thereof, as we deem appropriate. Our patents and patent applications in the United States and certain foreign jurisdictions relate to our technology. However, obtaining and enforcing patents in our industry is costly, time-consuming, and complex, and we may fail to apply for patents on important products and technologies in a timely fashion or at all, or we may fail to apply for patents in potentially relevant jurisdictions. There can be no assurance that the claims of our patents (or any patent application that is issued to us as a patent), will exclude others from making, using, or selling our technology or technology that is substantially similar to ours. We also rely on trade secrets to protect aspects of our business that are not amenable to, or that we do not consider appropriate for, patent protection. In countries where we have not sought and do not seek patent protection, third parties may be able to manufacture and sell our technology without our permission, and we may not be able to stop them from doing so. We may not be able to file and prosecute all necessary or desirable patent applications, or maintain, enforce, and license any patents that may issue from such patent applications, at a reasonable cost or in a timely manner. It is also possible that we will fail to identify patentable aspects of our technology development output before it is too late to obtain patent protection. We may not have the right to control the preparation, filing and prosecution of patent applications, or to maintain the rights to patents licensed to third parties. Therefore, these patents and applications may not be prosecuted and enforced in a manner consistent with the best interests of our business.

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We own issued, or granted, patents and have pending patent applications worldwide, which include issued U.S. patents and pending U.S. patent applications. It is possible that none of our pending patent applications will result in issued patents in a timely fashion or at all, and even if patents are granted, they may not provide a basis for intellectual property protection of commercially viable products or services, may not provide us with any competitive advantages, or may be challenged and invalidated by third parties. It is possible that others will design around our current or future patented technologies. As a result, our owned and licensed patents and patent applications comprising our patent portfolio may not provide us with sufficient rights to exclude others from commercializing technology and products similar to any of our technology.

It is possible that in the future some of our patents, licensed patents and patent applications may be challenged at the USPTO or in proceedings before the patent offices of other jurisdictions. We may not be successful in defending any such challenges made against our patents or patent applications. Any successful third party challenge to our patents could result in loss of exclusivity or freedom to operate, patent claims being narrowed, the unenforceability or invalidity of such patents, in whole or in part, which could limit our ability to stop others from using or commercializing similar or identical technology and products, limit the duration of the patent protection of our technology, and increased competition to our business. We may have to challenge the patents or patent applications of third parties. The outcome of patent litigation or other proceeding can be uncertain, and any attempt by us to enforce our patent rights against others or to challenge the patent rights of others may not be successful, or, if successful, may take substantial time and result in substantial cost, and may divert our efforts and attention from other aspects of our business.

As another example, the European Unified Patent Court (UPC) came into force in June 2023. The UPC is a common patent court to hear patent infringement and revocation proceedings effective for member states of the European Union. Should we file under the UPC and have one or more issued patents through this new system we could be adversely affected. A single forum could enable third parties to seek revocation of any of our European patents in a single proceeding at the UPC rather than through multiple proceedings in each of the jurisdictions in which the European patents have previously been issued. Any such revocation and loss of patent protection could have a material adverse impact on our business and our ability to commercialize or license our technology and products. Moreover, the controlling laws and regulations of the UPC will develop over time and may adversely affect the breadth of patents filed thereunder, or our ability to defend any such patent and/or our ability to enforce our European patents or defend the validity thereof. We may decide to opt out our European patents and patent applications from the UPC. If certain formalities and requirements are not met, however, our European patents and patent applications could be challenged for non-compliance and brought under the jurisdiction of the UPC. Likewise, at this point we cannot be certain that our European patents and patent applications will avoid falling under the jurisdiction of the UPC, even if we decide to opt out of the UPC.

Any changes we make to our technology, including changes that may be required for commercialization or that cause them to have what we view as more advantageous properties may not be covered by our existing patent portfolio, and we may be required to file new applications and/or seek other forms of protection for any such alterations to our technology. There can be no assurance that we would be able to secure patent protection that would adequately cover an alternative to our technology.

The patent positions of life sciences companies can be highly uncertain and involve complex legal and factual questions for which important legal principles remain unresolved. No consistent policy regarding the breadth of claims allowed in such companies’ patents has emerged to date in the United States or elsewhere. Courts frequently render opinions in the biotechnology field that may affect the patentability of certain inventions or discoveries.

Changes in patent law in the United States and other jurisdictions could diminish the value of patents in general, thereby impairing our ability to protect our technologies.

Changes in either the patent laws or in interpretations of patent laws in the United States or other countries or regions may diminish the value of our intellectual property. We cannot predict the breadth of claims that may be allowed or enforced in our patents or in third party patents. We may not develop additional proprietary platforms, methods and technologies that are patentable.

Assuming that other requirements for patentability are met, prior to March 16, 2013, in the United States, the first to invent the claimed invention was entitled to the patent, while outside the United States, the first to file a patent application was entitled to the patent. On or after March 16, 2013, under the Leahy-Smith America Invents Act (America Invents Act) enacted on September 16, 2011, the United States transitioned to a

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first inventor to file system in which, assuming that other requirements for patentability are met, the first inventor to file a patent application will be entitled to the patent on an invention regardless of whether a third party was the first to invent the claimed invention. A third party that files a patent application in the USPTO on or after March 16, 2013, but before us could therefore be awarded a patent covering an invention of ours even if we had made the invention before it was made by such third party. This will require us to be cognizant of the time from invention to filing of a patent application. Because patent applications in the United States and most other countries are confidential for a period of time after filing or until issuance, we cannot be certain that we or our licensors were the first to either (i) file any patent application related to our technology or (ii) invent any of the inventions claimed in our or our licensor’s patents or patent applications.

The America Invents Act also includes a number of significant changes that affect the way patent applications will be prosecuted and also may affect patent litigation. These include allowing third party submission of prior art to the USPTO during patent prosecution and additional procedures to attack the validity of a patent by USPTO administered post-grant proceedings, including post-grant review, inter partes review and derivation proceedings. Because of a lower evidentiary standard in USPTO proceedings compared to the evidentiary standard in United States federal courts necessary to invalidate a patent claim, a third party could potentially provide evidence in a USPTO proceeding sufficient for the USPTO to hold a claim invalid even though the same evidence would be insufficient to invalidate the claim if first presented in a district court action. Accordingly, a third party may attempt to use the USPTO procedures to invalidate our patent claims that would not have been invalidated if first challenged by the third party as a defendant in a district court action. Therefore, the America Invents Act and its implementation could increase the uncertainties and costs surrounding the prosecution of our owned or any future in-licensed patent applications and the enforcement or defense of our owned or any future in-licensed issued patents, all of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

ABSI US Equity

ABSI · 10-K · period ended 2024-12-31

Item 1A. Risk Factors

ABSI US Equity☆

ABSI · 10-K · period ended 2024-12-31

Item 1A. Risk Factors

ABSI US Equity