Item 1A. Risk Factors
Investing in Varex Imaging Corporation common stock involves risks and the following risk factors and other information included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K under Item 1 "Business", Item 7 "Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" and Item 7A "Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk" should be carefully considered. Although the risk factors described below are the ones management deems significant, additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that are presently known to us that we presently deem not material may also adversely affect our business operations.
Risks Relating to Our Business
Our business has in the past been, is currently being, and in the future may be, negatively impacted by changes in import/export regulatory regimes, tariffs, trade wars, and national policies, including exemptions thereto.
We are both a global importer of raw materials that are used in our finished products and an exporter of finished goods to our customers worldwide. Our products are integrated into the systems and products of our OEM customers, as well as into our own industrial systems. Tariffs, trade wars, import restrictions, boycotts, embargoes, government investigations, trade policies and compliance matters have in the past limited, are currently limiting, and in the future could limit our ability and our customers' ability to compete, which could cause our long-term prospects in such countries to suffer. Tariffs on imported materials have increased our costs and prices and lowered gross margins on some of our products, thereby having a direct adverse impact on our business and results of operations. Retaliatory tariffs have increased our customers’ costs for products exported from the United States, which has caused us to make, and may in the future require us to make, price and other concessions on some products and has caused, and may in the future cause, some customers to stop purchasing our products.
For example, during the calendar year 2025, the United States Administration has announced and imposed a variety of new tariffs on imports from other countries. In response, a number of those impacted or potentially impacted countries have announced and/or imposed retaliatory tariffs on United States imports. These actions impacted our results of operations and profitability in fiscal year 2025, particularly the bilateral United States and Chinese tariffs. Absent a de-escalation of the current tariff environment, particularly between the United States and China, the tariffs have and are expected to continue to negatively impact our business, results of operation, and financial condition, including by increasing our costs and prices, lowering gross margins, adversely impacting revenue, and making our products less competitive with similar products not imported from the United States, which could have a material adverse impact on our business. Additional new tariffs, trade restrictions or other retaliatory actions aimed at specific industries, such as X-ray imaging products, could also materially impact our business.
Furthermore, if international customers' negative perceptions of the actions of the United States Administration influence their buying decisions, our business and results of operations could be negatively impacted.
In the past, both the governments of the United States and China have granted tariff exclusions that temporarily eliminate certain duties payable for specific commodities, providing partial relief from such tariffs, but with certain exceptions, they must be solicited and approved. There is no guarantee that exclusions will be granted or that existing exclusions will be extended by either government. In addition, we cannot provide any guarantee that we will be able to effectively implement other tariff mitigation measures, such as free trade zones, bonded mechanisms, or drawback programs.
In addition to tariffs, China’s stated policy of reducing its dependence on foreign manufacturers and technology companies may result in reduced demand for our products and our customers' products in China, which could have a material adverse impact on our business, results of operations and financial position. There are risks that the Chinese government may, among other things, require the use of local suppliers, compel companies that do business in China to partner with local companies to conduct business, or provide incentives to government-backed local customers to buy from local suppliers rather than companies like ours, all of which could adversely impact our business, results of operations and financial position. As an example, in April 2025 the China Ministry of Commerce ("MOFCOM") initiated two investigations related to medical products imported into China (the "MOFCOM Investigations"). One investigation relates to the impact of imports of X-ray tubes on the domestic industry and its competitiveness, and another relates to imports into China of certain medical CT X-ray tubes and tube inserts for CT devices (collectively “CT Tubes and Inserts”) originating from the United States and India. We produce CT Tubes and Inserts in the United States and export them to
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China, but do not produce CT Tubes and Inserts in India. Total sales of medical X-ray tubes we imported into China represented approximately 10% of our total revenue in fiscal year 2025.
MOFCOM temporarily suspended both of the MOFCOM Investigations in May 2025 and again in August 2025. In November 2025, the MOFCOM Investigations were suspended indefinitely. If recommenced, we anticipate that the MOFCOM Investigations may take approximately one year from commencement to resolve. If, as a result of the outcome of the MOFCOM Investigations, we are required to increase our prices or tariffs are imposed on the CT Tubes and Inserts we export to China, our prices may not be competitive with local and other manufacturers, which could negatively impact our ability to compete in China and negatively impact our business, results of operations and financial condition.
Any of the foregoing factors could require us to reconsider our current operating model, including whether we can continue to operate in specifically impacted locations, or if we need to relocate or otherwise restructure existing operations. Such changes may require us to invest significant additional capital we had anticipated using for other purposes such as expanding existing operations, entering new markets, or paying down debt. Diversion of these funds from their anticipated uses could adversely impact our business, results of operations, financial position, and our ability to pay down or restructure our existing debt.
Increasing tensions between countries, such as China and Taiwan, as well as local conflicts including the Ukraine-Russia war and Middle East conflicts, may lead the United States and/or other countries to impose new tariffs and sanctions or expand existing tariffs and sanctions, enact boycotts and embargoes, and otherwise seek to limit or stop the flow of goods to or from involved countries. In the past, such actions both in China and Russia, have caused, are causing, and could in the future cause, significant disruptions in the regions and industries we serve and in our supply chain, as well as decrease demand from customers for the ultimate products using our solutions and materially harm our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
We sell our products and services to a limited number of OEM customers, many of which are also our competitors, and a delay in an order to a future period, as well as a reduction in or loss of business of one or more of these customers has in the past and may in the future materially reduce our sales.
We had one customer during fiscal year 2025 that accounted for 18.0% of our revenue, all of which was in our Medical segment. Our ten largest customers as a group accounted for approximately 52%, 53% and 51% of our revenue for fiscal years 2025, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Because we often take significant time to replace lost business, in the past our operating results have been, and in the future it is likely that our operating results would be, materially and adversely affected if one or more of our major OEM customers were to cancel, delay, or reduce orders.
Furthermore, we generate significant accounts receivables from the sale of our products and the provision of services directly to these customers. One customer accounted for 14.0% of our accounts receivables as of October 3, 2025. If one or more of these customers were to cancel a product order or service contract, become insolvent, or otherwise be unable or fail to pay for our products and/or services in a timely manner, our operating results and financial condition could be materially and adversely affected.
Customer-driven changes in order forecasts is a frequent occurrence that has created and continues to create challenges for us in accurately predicting the demand or delivery schedules for our products.
End-user product demand, economic uncertainties, the impact of pandemic diseases, natural disasters, armed conflicts, geopolitical tensions, a prolonged United States government shutdown, legislative, tariff, and trade policy reforms, including, for example, the tariffs announced by the United States during the calendar year 2025 and the retaliatory actions announced by a number of countries in response, potential social unrest and uncertainty resulting therefrom, government investigations, including, for example, the MOFCOM Investigations that have been suspended indefinitely, and before that, the Chinese government initiated anti-corruption investigations related to China's healthcare industry, and other matters beyond our control, make it difficult for our customers to accurately forecast and plan future business activities, which makes it difficult for us to accurately predict demand or delivery schedules for our products. Because the manufacture of our products requires some lead-time, changes in customer purchasing forecasts have previously resulted in excess inventory and slowdowns in sales, which are likely to occur again in the future. Changes to customer forecasts can occur on short notice, as our customers face inherent competitive issues, new product introduction delays, and regulatory risks. Our agreements for imaging components contain purchasing estimates that are typically based on our customers’ forward-looking forecasts rather than firm commitments, and actual purchasing volumes under the agreements may vary significantly from these estimates. The variation from forecasted purchasing volume may be due, in part, to the increasing life of X-ray tubes, which can result in reduced demand for replacement X-ray tubes in ways we may not be able to accurately forecast. Reductions in purchasing patterns have in the past, and may in the future, materially and adversely affect our operating results.
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We compete in highly competitive industries, and we are subject to pricing pressures and other factors that have in the past and may in the future result in margin erosion and loss of customers.
We compete in industries characterized by rapidly evolving technology, intense competition and pricing pressure. We often compete with companies that have greater financial, marketing and other resources than us. Some of the major diagnostic imaging systems companies, which are the primary OEM customers for our X-ray imaging components, also manufacture X-ray imaging components, including X-ray tubes and flat panel detectors, for use in their own imaging systems products. We have experienced, and may in the future experience, decreased sales of our products to these customers if they manufacture a greater percentage of their components in-house or purchase components from external sources other than us, which has had and may in the future have an adverse effect on our business and results of operations. We have in the past made price and other concessions to maintain existing customers and attract new customers, and may have to make additional price and other concessions in the future.
In addition, we compete against other stand-alone, independent X-ray tube manufacturers for both the OEM business of major diagnostic imaging equipment manufacturers and the independent servicing business for X-ray tubes. The flat panel detectors industry is also very competitive, and we face intense competition from over a dozen smaller competitors. In our Industrial business, we also compete with other OEM suppliers primarily outside of the United States. Some of our competitors outside of the United States may have resources and support from their governments that we do not, such as preferences for local manufacturers, and may not be subject to the same tariffs, trade policies, trade compliance regulations and government investigations as us.
Our competitors are not all subject to the same standards, regulatory and/or other legal requirements to which we are subject and, therefore, they could have a competitive advantage in developing, manufacturing, and marketing products and services. Any inability to develop, gain regulatory approval for, and supply commercial quantities of competitive products to existing and potential customers as quickly and effectively as our competitors could limit acceptance of our products and negatively and materially affect our pricing, sales, revenues, market share, and gross margins and our ability to maintain or increase our operating margins.
Our success depends on meeting our customers' needs and demands.
To be successful, we must anticipate our customers’ needs and demands, as well as potential shifts in preferences. If we are unable to anticipate these needs and demands, or the mix of products requested by our customers changes from what we expect, our revenue, margins, and financial results could be adversely affected. When the U.S. Dollar is strong compared to the operating currencies of our international customers, our ability to meet such customers’ pricing expectations is particularly challenging and may result in erosion of revenues, product margin, and/or market share or other concessions on business terms.
In addition, certain costs, including installation and warranty costs, associated with new products have been, and may in the future be proportionately greater than the costs associated with existing products and have or may therefore disproportionately, materially, and adversely affect our gross and operating margins. We may also experience lower margins due to increased commodities prices, higher tariffs, and inadequate transfer pricing favoring sales to third parties over internal sales. If we are unable to lower these costs over time, our operating results could be materially and adversely affected. Some of the electronic components and integrated circuits used in our flat panel detectors are susceptible to discontinuance and obsolescence risks, which may force us to incorporate newer generations of these components, resulting in unplanned additional R&D expenses, delays in the launch of new products, supply disruptions, or inventory write-downs. Further, using aging production equipment might hamper our capacity to innovate to meet customers’ needs and demands and stay competitive. Failure to develop and adopt artificial intelligence ("AI") technology could also hinder our competitiveness and growth potential. We may also experience challenges in developing and implementing effective product and sales strategies, leading to missed opportunities and customer dissatisfaction.
Our success depends on the successful development, introduction, and commercialization of new generations of products and enhancements to or simplifications of existing product lines.
We operate in business segments characterized by rapid change and technological innovation. Our customers use our products in their medical diagnostic, security, and industrial imaging systems, and we must continually introduce new products at competitive prices while also improving existing products with higher quality, lower costs, and increased features. We and our joint ventures have in the past spent, and in the future may need to spend, more time and money than we expect to develop, market, and introduce new products, product enhancements, and technologies. Even if we succeed in introducing new products, enhancements, or technologies as soon as expected, potential customers may not accept or purchase these new products, enhancements, or technologies, and we may not be able to recover all or a meaningful part of our investment. Once introduced, new products may materially and adversely impact sales of our existing products or make them less desirable or even obsolete, which could materially and adversely impact our revenues and operating results.
Furthermore, we may not be able to successfully develop, manufacture, or introduce new products or enhancements to existing products, the roll-out of which involves compliance with complex quality assurance processes, including the Quality System Regulation (“QSR”) of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”). Failure to complete these processes timely and efficiently
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could result in delays that could affect our ability to attract and retain customers or cause customers to delay or cancel orders, which would materially and adversely affect our revenues and operating results.
More than half of our revenue is currently generated from customers located outside the United States, and is subject to global, regional, and country-specific economic instability, shifting political environments, changing tax treatment, tariffs, trade wars and other risks associated with international manufacturing, operations, and sales.
Revenues generated from customers located outside the United States accounted for approximately 70%, 68%, and 69% of our total revenues during fiscal years 2025, 2024, and 2023, respectively. We intend to continue to expand our presence internationally and expect to expend significant resources in doing so. Our results have in the past, are currently, and could in the future be impacted by a variety of factors, including:
•governmental imposition of additional taxes, tariffs, global economic sanctions programs, or other restrictions on foreign trade, and responsive retaliatory actions from impacted countries, including, for example, the current trade war between the United States and China, and the MOFCOM Investigations that have been suspended indefinitely;
•political and economic instability, including the possibility of civil unrest, terrorism, mass violence, armed conflict, or pandemic diseases, which may among other things, impact our operations and business access;
•currency fluctuations, and in particular the relative strength of the U.S. Dollar, which is our functional and reporting currency;
•difficulties in staffing and managing employee relations in foreign operations, including in foreign joint ventures, particularly in attracting and retaining personnel qualified to design, test, sell and support our products;
•difficulties in coordinating our operations globally and in maintaining uniform standards, controls, procedures, and policies across our operations;
•the longer payment cycles associated with many customers located outside the United States;
•difficulties in interpreting or enforcing agreements and collecting receivables through many foreign countries’ legal systems;
•imposition of burdensome governmental regulations, including changing data privacy laws and regulations ; and
•compliance with import/export laws and requirements.
Some of our locations expose us to higher security risks, which could result in both harm to our employees and contractors or substantial costs. Some of our services are performed in or adjacent to high-risk locations where the country or location and surrounding area experience political, social, or economic turmoil, war or civil unrest, or high levels of criminal or terrorist activities. In those locations where we have employees or operations, we may incur substantial costs to maintain the safety of our personnel, and we may suffer the loss of employees and contractors, which could harm our business, reputation, and operating results.
We may be unable to complete future acquisitions or joint ventures or realize expected benefits from acquisitions of or investments in new businesses and joint ventures, products, or technologies, which could harm our business.
Our ability to identify and take advantage of attractive acquisitions or other business development opportunities (including through joint ventures) is an important component in implementing our overall business strategy. Such transactions involve a number of risks, including the following:
•we may not be able to identify suitable candidates or successfully complete or finance identified acquisitions;
•we may incur substantial costs, including advisory fees and diversion of management attention, in evaluating a potential transaction;
•we may be unable to achieve the anticipated benefits from the transaction, including a return on our investment;
•we may have difficulty integrating organizations, products, technologies, or employees of an acquired business into our operations and may have difficulty retaining the key personnel of the acquired business;
•acquisitions, investments, and joint ventures could result in increased risks, including from potential litigation;
•we may find that we need to restructure or divest acquired businesses or assets of the acquired business; and
•if we fail to achieve the anticipated growth from an acquisition or joint venture, or if we decide to sell assets or a business, we may be required to dispose of a business at a lower price or on less advantageous terms, or to recognize an impairment loss on the write-down of our assets and goodwill.
We participate in joint ventures and other investments in privately held and publicly traded companies. For example, we hold a 40% ownership interest in dpiX Holding Company LLC, the parent company of the major supplier of our amorphous silicon-based thin film transistor arrays for flat panels used in our digital image detectors, a 50% interest in VEC Imaging GmbH & Co. KG ("VEC"), a joint venture formed to develop technology for use in X-ray imaging components, a 75% interest in Varex Imaging Arabia LLC, a joint venture in Saudi Arabia and a minority interest in another X-ray imaging components technology company. These and other investments are subject to risk of loss of investment capital as well as losses associated with contributed or jointly developed intellectual property, or intellectual property developed at or about the same time as these investments. These types of investments are
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inherently risky, in some instances because customer demand and sales for the technologies or products under development may never materialize, may develop more slowly than expected, or may underperform relative to our expectations. If these companies do not succeed, we could lose or be required to write down some or all of our investment in these companies. As discussed in the risk factor "Legal proceedings may materially and adversely affect our business, results of operations, or cash flows," we may incur significant time, management resources, and costs to enforce our rights, protect our intellectual property and other assets, address disputes or legal claims that have arisen, are ongoing, or may arise in the future, and/or unwind, dispose of or terminate our arrangements with respect to these joint ventures and/or investments. There is no guarantee that the time and money invested by us in developing these projects, intellectual property, or product or product enhancements, will yield the expected returns on the anticipated timeline or at all.
Legal proceedings may materially and adversely affect our business, results of operations, or cash flows.
From time to time, we are a party to or otherwise involved in legal proceedings, claims, government inspections, audits or investigations, and other legal matters, both inside and outside the United States, arising in the ordinary course of our business or otherwise. Such proceedings are often lengthy, subject to significant uncertainty and may be expensive, time consuming, and disruptive to our operations. For these and other reasons, we may choose to settle legal proceedings and claims, regardless of their actual merit. If a legal proceeding were to be ultimately resolved against us, we may be required to pay damages or fines, some of which may be in excess of our insurance coverage, or may require us to change our business practices, which could materially and adversely impact our business, results of operations, or cash flows.
Our subsidiary Varex Imaging Deutschland AG ("Varex Germany") holds a 50% interest in VEC. In August 2023, February 2024, and August 2024, the partners to the VEC joint venture filed judicial proceedings in Germany against one another disputing the validity of shareholder resolutions passed in January 2023, January 2024, and August 2024, respectively. Each party was, in effect, seeking to have the other party’s managing director(s) removed and to exclude the other party from the joint venture. On October 31, 2025, the court in Germany ruled that neither party had been validly excluded and that each remain parties to the joint venture. Each party has 30 days to appeal the court's decision. If either party were to successfully appeal, the prevailing party would be required to purchase the non-prevailing party’s interest in the joint venture for an amount equal to 75% of the fair market value thereof, which amount is in dispute. In addition, in June 2024, Varex Germany filed an action in Germany for a negative declaratory judgment and an injunction against business damaging statements made by certain third parties, and in August 2024, October 2024 and subsequently, Varex Germany and Varex Imaging Corporation filed additional lawsuits in Germany and the United States relating to intellectual property matters, breach of contracts and other matters. The October 2024 lawsuit was subsequently voluntarily dismissed while the parties try to negotiate a settlement. These disputes, including any determinations not in Varex Germany’s favor, have diverted, are diverting, and could in the future divert management’s attention, increase our costs, and otherwise adversely impact our business, results of operations, or cash flows.
Our subsidiary Varex Imaging International AG holds a 75% interest in Varex Imaging Arabia LLC. We currently have ongoing disputes with our joint venture partner relative to the operation of the joint venture. These disputes could divert management's time and attention, increase our costs, and otherwise adversely impact our business, results of operations, or cash flows.
As discussed in the risk factor "Our business has in the past been, is currently being, and in the future may be, negatively impacted by changes in import/export regulatory regimes, tariffs, trade wars, and national policies, including exemptions thereto," MOFCOM initiated, then temporarily suspended, and then recently indefinitely suspended two investigations relating to medical products imported into China that include products we import to China. If recommenced, the outcome of these investigations has the potential to negatively impact our business, results of operations and financial condition.
Product defects or misuse may result in material product or other liability or professional errors and omissions claims, litigation, investigation by regulatory authorities, or product recalls.
Our business exposes us to potential product and other liability claims that are inherent in the manufacture, sale, installation, servicing, and support of components that are used in medical devices and other devices that deliver radiation. Because our products are involved in the intentional delivery of radiation to the human body and other situations where people may come into contact with radiation, the possibility for significant personal injury or loss of life exists. Furthermore, if our x-ray inspection systems fail to detect the presence of bombs, explosives, weapons, contraband, or other threats to personal safety, this may lead to personal injury, loss of life, and extensive property damage. We may also be subject to warranty and damage claims for property damage, personal injury, or economic loss related to or resulting from any errors or defects in our products or the installation, servicing, or support of our products. Any accident or mistreatment could subject us to legal costs, litigation, adverse publicity, and damage to our reputation, whether or not our products or services were a factor. We are currently a party to certain products liability litigation which, if adversely determined, could have an adverse material impact on our financial results. If a product we design or manufacture were defective, we may be required to correct or recall the product and notify regulatory authorities.
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We may choose to settle product liability claims against us regardless of their actual merit. A product liability action determined against us could result in adverse publicity or significant damages, including the possibility of punitive damages, and our financial position, results of operations, or cash flows could be materially and adversely affected.
We maintain limited product liability insurance coverage. Our product liability insurance policies are expensive and have high deductible amounts and self-insured retentions. Our insurance coverage may prove to be inadequate, and future policies may not be available on acceptable terms or in sufficient amounts, if at all. If a material claim is not insured or is in excess of our insurance coverage, we may have to pay substantial damages, which could have a material and adverse effect on our financial position and/or results of operations.
Risks Relating to the Manufacture of our Products
Supply chain disruptions, including the loss of a supplier, and any inability to obtain raw materials or supplies of important components due to inflation have impacted our ability to manufacture products, have caused delays in our ability to deliver products, and have increased our costs and may continue to do so.
Inflation and supply chain disruptions have had, and could in the future have, an impact on our ability to manufacture certain products. Any rise in future inflation has the potential to increase our overall cost structure, and sustained inflation has resulted in, and may continue to result in, higher interest rates and capital costs, increased shipping costs, supply shortages, increased costs of labor, weakening exchange rates, and other similar effects.
Material shortages and delays due to inflation and other constraints have caused, and could in the future cause, us to temporarily stop production of certain products or miss opportunities to pursue additional sales of some products. We require certain raw materials, such as copper, nickel, silver, gold, lead, tungsten, iridium, rhenium, molybdenum, rhodium, niobium, zirconium, beryllium, and various high grades of steel alloy for X-ray tubes and industrial products. Worldwide demand, availability, and pricing of these raw materials have been volatile. If we are unable to obtain the materials necessary to make certain products without unreasonable cost or delay, our customers may seek alternative suppliers who are less impacted by the current tariff environment, or decide to in-source certain products or if we must pay more for certain materials, it could reduce our profit margin or otherwise have a material adverse effect on our business and financial results. Further, our competitors with greater financial resources may be better able to restructure their manufacturing and supply chains in response to geopolitical and economic trends and thereby have a competitive advantage over us.
We obtain some of the components included in our products, such as transistor arrays, cesium iodide coatings and specialized integrated circuits for flat panel detectors, X-ray tube targets and windows, housings, glass frames, high-voltage cable, bearings, and various other components, from a limited group of suppliers or from sole-source suppliers. If our suppliers cease producing these or other components, prioritize other customers, fail to provide products on our delivery timelines, are in countries subject to significant tariffs, or become unable to continue operations, we may be unable to obtain the components from other suppliers on reasonable terms or at all, and this could materially and adversely affect our business and financial results.
Furthermore, we may be required to obtain and qualify one or more replacement suppliers or to manufacture the components internally. Such an event could (1) require us to redesign or modify our products to incorporate new parts and/or further require us to obtain clearance, qualification, or certification of these products, including by the FDA, or obtain other applicable regulatory approvals in other countries, (2) significantly increase costs for the affected products, (3) cause material delays in the delivery of affected and other related products, or (4) prevent us from meeting our delivery obligations to our customers.
Our operations are vulnerable to interruption or loss due to natural or other disasters, the adverse effects of climate change, power loss, strikes, and other events beyond our control.
We conduct some of our activities, including manufacturing, research and development, administration, and data processing at facilities located in areas that have in the past experienced or may in the future experience natural disasters. Natural disasters (such as a major fire, hurricane, earthquake, flood, tsunami, or volcanic eruption), severe weather conditions, adverse climate change-related events, war or terrorism, and disruption in utilities and other services affecting our facilities, or those of our suppliers, could significantly disrupt our operations and delay or prevent product manufacture and shipment during the time required to repair, rebuild, or replace our or our suppliers’ damaged manufacturing facilities. These delays could be lengthy and costly. If any of our customers’ facilities are adversely affected by such a disaster or event, shipments of our products could be delayed. Additionally, customers may delay purchases of our products until our or their operations return to normal. Even if our suppliers or customers are able to quickly respond to such a disaster or event, the ongoing effects could create some uncertainty in the operations of our business. In addition, concerns about terrorism, the effects of a terrorist attack, political turmoil, or an outbreak of epidemic diseases have in the past had, and could in the future have, a negative effect on our business operations, those of our suppliers and customers, and the ability to travel, resulting in adverse consequences on our revenues and financial performance.
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If we are not able to match our manufacturing capacity with demand for our products, our financial results may suffer.
Many of our products have a long production cycle, and we must anticipate demand for our products to ensure adequate manufacturing and testing capacity. If we are unable to anticipate demand, and our manufacturing or testing capacity does not keep pace with product demand, we will be unable to fulfill orders in a timely manner, which may negatively impact our financial results and overall business. Conversely, if demand for our products decreases, the fixed costs associated with excess manufacturing capacity may harm our financial results, including by decreasing gross margins and increasing research and development costs as a percentage of revenue.
Demand for our security, industrial, and inspection products tend to be unpredictable, leading to volatility in our revenues and earnings.
The demand for our security and inspection products is heavily influenced by United States and foreign governmental policies on national and homeland security, border protection, and customs activities, which depend upon levels of government employment, government debt, and government budgets and appropriations that are subject to economic conditions, political changes, and oil prices. Even when government budgets and appropriations levels, economic and political conditions, and oil prices are favorable it is difficult to predict when governments may issue requests for bids, complete their bid process and award tenders, which tends to lead to volatility in our revenues and earnings.
Risks Relating to our Information Systems and Intellectual Property
Disruption of critical information systems or material breaches in the security of our systems may materially and adversely affect our business and customer relations.
Information technology (including technology from third-party providers) helps us operate efficiently, interface with and support our customers, maintain financial accuracy and efficiency, and produce our financial statements. In the ordinary course of our business, we collect, process, and store sensitive data, including intellectual property, proprietary business information, and information of customers, suppliers, business partners, and third parties accessing our website, patient data, and personally identifiable information of customers and employees, in our data centers and on our networks, as well as in third-party off-site data centers. We have been, and expect to be, subject to cyberattacks, and may be subject to ransomware and distributed denial-of-service attacks, spearfishing attacks and other attempted intrusions on our networks and systems by a wide range of actors. We expect our third-party vendors to be subject to similar cyberattacks and other attempted intrusions. Despite security measures, there is an increasing threat of information security breaches and attacks, including from computer viruses or other malicious codes, unauthorized access attempts, employee misuse, human error, and cyber-attacks that pose risks to companies, including us. Because the techniques used to obtain unauthorized access, or to sabotage systems, change frequently, have become increasingly sophisticated, and generally are not recognized until launched against a target, we may be unable to anticipate or immediately detect these techniques, or the vulnerabilities they have caused or other potential vulnerabilities or security defects, or to implement adequate preventative measures, which could result in data leaks or otherwise compromise our confidential or proprietary information and materially disrupt our operations. Such security breaches could expose us to a risk of loss of information and intellectual property, litigation, and possible liability to employees, customers, shareholders, and/or regulatory authorities. If our data management or other systems do not effectively collect, secure, store, process, or report relevant data for the operation of our business, whether due to equipment malfunction or constraints, service interruptions, software deficiencies, or human error, our ability to effectively plan, forecast, and execute our business plan and comply with applicable laws and regulations will be impaired, perhaps materially. Any such impairment could materially and adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations, cash flows, and the timeliness with which we report our operating results internally and externally.
We use certain cloud-based software. A security breach, whether of our products, of our customers’ network security and systems, or of third-party hosting services could disrupt access to our customers’ stored information and could lead to the loss of, damage to, or public disclosure of our customers’ stored information, including patient health information. Such an event could have serious negative consequences, including possible patient injury, regulatory action, fines, penalties and damages, reduced demand for our solutions, an unwillingness of our customers to use our solutions, harm to our reputation and brand, and time-consuming and expensive litigation, any of which could have a material and adverse effect on our financial results.
Our competitive position would be harmed if we are not able to maintain or defend our intellectual property rights, and protecting our intellectual property and defending against infringement claims can be costly.
We file applications as appropriate for patents covering new products and manufacturing processes. We cannot provide assurance, however, that patents will be issued from any of our pending or future patent applications or that our current patents, the claims allowed under our current patents, or patents for technologies licensed to us will be sufficiently broad to protect our technology
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position against competitors. We also jointly develop intellectual property with third parties and seek to protect our rights to such intellectual property through licenses and other contractual arrangements.
We also rely on a combination of copyright, trade secret, and other laws, and contractual restrictions on disclosure, copying and transferring title (including confidentiality agreements with vendors, strategic partners, co-developers, employees, consultants, and other third parties), to protect our proprietary, and other confidential rights. Our trade secrets may become known to or be independently developed by others, including as a result of misappropriation by unauthorized access to our technology systems, and our business and financial results could be materially and adversely impacted. We have trademarks, both registered and unregistered, that are maintained and enforced to provide customer recognition for our products in the marketplace, but unauthorized parties may still use them. We also license certain patented or proprietary technologies from others. In some cases, products with substantial revenues may depend on these license rights. If we were to lose the rights to license these technologies, or our costs to license these technologies were to materially increase, our business would suffer.
There is a substantial amount of litigation over patent and other intellectual property rights in the industries in which we compete. Our competitors, like companies in many high technology businesses, continually review other companies’ activities for possible conflicts with their own intellectual property rights. In addition, non-practicing entities may review our activities for conflicts with their patent rights. From time to time, we have received notices from parties asserting infringement, and we have been subject to lawsuits alleging infringement of patent or other intellectual property rights. In addition, from time to time we have entered, and in the future we may enter, into agreements that require us to indemnify our customers for intellectual property infringement, which agreements could subject us to liability. Legal disputes relating to intellectual property have occurred, are occurring, and may occur in the future. Any dispute regarding patents or other intellectual property, including with respect to breaches of licensing agreements or other contractual arrangements, could be costly and time consuming and could divert our management and key personnel from our business operations. We may not prevail in a dispute. We do not maintain insurance for intellectual property infringement, so costs of defense, whether or not we are successful in defending an infringement claim, will be borne by us and could be significant. If we are unsuccessful in defending or appealing an infringement claim or claims alleging other contractual breaches, we may be subject to significant damages, and our combined financial position, results of operations, or cash flows could be materially and adversely affected. We may also be subject to injunctions against development and sale of our products, the effect of which could be a material reduction of our revenues. Additionally, as we expand our manufacturing capabilities outside of the United States, more of our intellectual property may be held in jurisdictions that lack robust intellectual property protections, which may make it harder for us to adequately protect our intellectual property.
Risks Relating to Our Legal and Regulatory Environment
Compliance with United States laws and regulations applicable to the marketing, manufacturing, and distribution of our products may be costly, and failure or delays in obtaining regulatory clearances or approvals, or failure to comply with applicable laws and regulations could harm our business.
If we or any of our suppliers, distributors, agents, or customers fail to comply with FDA, Federal Trade Commission, or other applicable United States regulatory requirements or are perceived to have failed to comply with regulations, we may face:
•adverse publicity affecting both us and our customers;
•increased pressures from competitors;
•investigations by governmental authorities;
•fines, injunctions, civil penalties, and criminal prosecution;
•partial suspension or total shutdown of production facilities or the imposition of operating restrictions;
•increased difficulty in obtaining required clearances or approvals or losses of clearances or approvals already granted;
•seizures or recalls of our products or those of our customers;
•delays in purchasing decisions by customers or cancellation of existing orders;
•the inability to sell our products; and
•difficulty in obtaining product liability or operating insurance at a reasonable cost, or at all.
Generally, our manufacturing operations for medical devices, and those of our third-party manufacturers, are required to comply with the QSR of the FDA, as well as other federal and state regulations for medical devices and radiation-emitting products. Failure to respond in a timely manner to a warning letter or any other notice of noncompliance with applicable regulations and/or procedures and to promptly come into compliance could result in the FDA bringing an enforcement action, which could include the total shutdown of our production facilities, denial of importation rights to the United States for products manufactured in overseas locations, adverse publicity, and criminal and civil fines. The expense and costs of any corrective actions that we may take, which may include product recalls, product correction, removal of products from customer sites, or changes to our product manufacturing and quality systems, could materially and adversely impact our financial results and may also divert management resources, attention, and
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time. Additionally, if a warning letter were issued, customers could delay purchasing decisions or cancel orders, and we could face increased pressure from our competitors, who could use the warning letter against us in competitive sales situations, either of which could materially and adversely affect our reputation, business, and stock price.
We produce some products that are classified as "Class II" devices subject to 510(k) pre-market notification clearance. A new medical device or a new indication for use of, or other significant change in, any such products, or the development of a new Class II device would require us to obtain a new 510(k) clearance before we could market or sell those products in the United States. We cannot ensure that the FDA will agree with our decisions not to seek additional approvals or clearances for particular modifications to our products or that we will be successful in obtaining new 510(k) clearances for new products or for modifications to existing products. Obtaining clearances or approvals is time consuming, expensive, and uncertain. Furthermore, even if we are granted regulatory clearances or approvals, they may include significant limitations on the indicated uses of the product, which may limit the potential customers for the product. If we are unable to obtain required FDA clearance or approval for a product or are unduly delayed in doing so, or the uses of that product were limited, our business could suffer.
We are required to timely file various reports with the FDA, including reports required by the medical device reporting regulations (“MDRs”), that require we report to regulatory authorities if our devices may have caused or contributed to a death or serious injury, or malfunctioned in a way that would likely cause or contribute to a death or serious injury if the malfunction were to recur. If we initiate a correction or removal of a device to reduce a risk to health posed by the device, we would be required to submit a publicly available correction and removal report to the FDA and, in many cases, similar reports to other regulatory agencies. This report could be classified by the FDA as a device recall, which could lead to increased scrutiny by the FDA, other international regulatory agencies, and our customers regarding the quality and safety of our devices. If these MDRs or correction and removal reports are not filed on a timely basis, regulators may impose sanctions, sales of our products may suffer, and we may be subject to product liability or regulatory enforcement actions, all of which could harm our business.
Government regulation may also cause significant delays or prevent the marketing and full commercialization of future products or services that we may develop and/or may impose costly requirements on our business. As we enter new businesses or pursue new business opportunities, we will become subject to additional laws, rules, and regulations, including FDA and foreign rules and regulations and compliance can be costly. Failure to comply with these laws, rules and regulations could delay the introduction of new products and could materially and adversely affect our business.
We are also subject to federal and state laws and regulations of general applicability relating to matters such as environmental protection, safe working conditions, manufacturing practices, and other matters. Insurance coverage is not commercially available for violations of law, including the fines, penalties, or investigatory costs that we may incur as the consequence of regulatory violations. Consequently, we do not have insurance that would cover this type of liability.
Compliance with foreign laws and regulations applicable to the marketing, manufacturing, and distribution of our products may be costly, and failure to comply may result in unfavorable legal proceedings, in significant penalties and other harm to our business.
Outside the United States, some of our products are regulated as medical devices by foreign governmental agencies similar to the FDA. For us to market our products internationally, we must obtain clearances or approvals for products and product modifications, which can be time consuming, expensive, uncertain, and which can delay our ability to market products. Delays in the receipt of or failure to receive regulatory approvals, the inclusion of significant limitations on the indicated uses of a product, the loss of previously obtained approvals or failure to comply with existing or future regulatory requirements could restrict or prevent us from doing business in a country or subject us to a variety of enforcement actions and civil or criminal penalties, which would materially and adversely affect our business. In addition, compliance with changing regulatory schemes may add additional complexity, cost, and delays in marketing, or selling our products.
Within the European Union ("EU") and the European Economic Area ("EEA"), we must obtain, and in turn affix, a CE mark certification, that indicates that a product meets the essential requirements of the EU’s Medical Device Directive (“MDD”) and the EU Medical Device Regulations. By affixing the CE mark to our product, we are certifying that our products comply with the laws and regulations required by the EU/EEA countries, thereby allowing the free movement of our products within these countries and others that accept CE mark standards. If we cannot support our performance claims and demonstrate compliance with the applicable European laws and the MDD, we would lose our right to affix the CE mark to our products, which would prevent us from selling our products within the EU/EEA/Switzerland territory and in other countries that recognize the CE mark.
We are subject to international laws and regulations of general applicability relating to matters such as environmental protection, safe working conditions, and manufacturing practices, as well as others. These are often comparable to, or more stringent than, equivalent regulations in the United States. Sales overseas are also affected by regulation of matters such as product standards, packaging, labeling, environmental and product recycling requirements, import and export restrictions, tariffs, duties, and taxes.
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In addition, we are required to timely file various reports with international regulatory authorities similar to the reports we are required to timely file with United States regulatory authorities, including reports required by international adverse event reporting regulations. If these reports are not timely filed, regulators may impose sanctions, including temporarily suspending our market authorizations or CE mark, and sales of our products may suffer as a result.
As we enter new businesses or pursue new business opportunities internationally, or as regulatory schemes change, we may become subject to additional laws, rules, and regulations, and compliance can be costly. The failure by us or our agents to comply with these laws, rules, and regulations could delay the introduction of new products, cause reputational harm, or result in investigations, fines, injunctions, civil penalties, criminal prosecution, or an inability to sell our products in or to import our products into certain countries, which could materially and adversely affect our business.
We are subject to federal, state, and foreign laws governing our business practices which, if violated, could result in substantial penalties. Additionally, challenges to or investigations into our practices could cause adverse publicity and be costly to respond to and thus could harm our business.
Anti-corruption laws and regulations. We are subject to the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and anti-corruption laws, and similar laws in foreign countries, such as the U.K. Bribery Act. Any violation of these laws by us or our agents or distributors could create substantial liability for us, subject our officers and directors to personal liability, and cause a loss of reputation. We operate in many countries, including India and China, where the public sector is perceived as being corrupt. Our strategic business plans include expanding our business in regions and countries that are rated as higher risk for corruption activity by Transparency International e.V., an international non-profit that publishes an annual corruption perception index, which could subject us and our officers and directors to increased scrutiny and increased liability from our business operations. Becoming familiar with and implementing the infrastructure necessary to comply with laws, rules, and regulations applicable to new business activities and mitigating and protecting against corruption risks could be costly. Failure by us or our agents or distributors to comply with these laws, rules, and regulations could delay our expansion into high-growth areas and materially and adversely affect our business.
Competition and trade compliance laws. We are subject to various competition and trade compliance laws in the jurisdictions where we operate throughout the world. Regulatory authorities in those jurisdictions may have the power to subject us to sanctions, tariffs, and duties and may impose changes or conditions in the way we conduct our business. An increasing number of jurisdictions provide private rights of action for competitors or consumers to assert claims of anti-competitive conduct and seek damages. Increased government scrutiny of our actions or enforcement or private rights of action could materially and adversely affect our business or damage our reputation. We may be required to conduct internal investigations or face audits or investigations by one or more domestic or foreign government agencies, which could be costly and time consuming and could divert our management and key personnel from our business operations. An adverse outcome under any such investigation or audit could subject us to fines and criminal or other penalties, which could materially and adversely affect our business and financial results. The currently indefinitely suspended MOFCOM Investigations are an example of the type of investigations or audits we are currently, and could in the future, face. Furthermore, competition laws may prohibit or increase the cost of future acquisitions that we may desire to undertake.
Laws and ethical rules governing interactions with healthcare providers. We may occasionally sell our products to healthcare providers through distributors or otherwise engage healthcare providers to provide services. The U.S. Medicare and Medicaid “anti-kickback” laws, and similar state laws, prohibit payments or other remuneration that is intended to induce hospitals, physicians, or others either to refer patients or to purchase, lease, or order, or to arrange for or recommend the purchase, lease, or order of healthcare products or services for which payment may be made under federal and state healthcare programs, such as Medicare and Medicaid. These laws affect our sales, marketing, and other promotional activities by limiting the kinds of financial arrangements we may have with hospitals, physicians, or other potential purchasers of our products. They particularly impact how we structure our sales offerings, including discount practices, customer support, education and training programs, physician consulting, research grants, and other fee-for-service arrangements. These laws are broadly written, and it is often difficult to determine precisely how these laws will be applied to specific circumstances.
Federal and state “false claims” laws generally prohibit knowingly presenting, or causing to be presented, claims for payment from Medicare, Medicaid, or other government payors that are false or fraudulent, or for items or services that were not provided as claimed. Although we do not submit claims directly to payors, manufacturers can be, and have been, held liable under these laws if they are deemed to “cause” the submission of false or fraudulent claims by providing inaccurate billing or coding information to customers or through certain other activities, including promoting products for uses not approved or cleared by the FDA, which is called off-label promotion. Violating “anti-kickback” and “false claims” laws can result in civil and criminal penalties, which can be substantial, as well as potential mandatory or discretionary exclusion from healthcare programs for noncompliance. Even an unsuccessful challenge or investigation into our practices could cause adverse publicity and be costly to defend and thus could harm our business and results of operations. Additionally, several recently-enacted state and federal laws, including laws in Massachusetts and Vermont, and the federal Physician Payment Sunshine Act, now require, among other things, extensive tracking and maintenance
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of databases regarding the disclosure of equity ownership and payments to physicians, healthcare providers, and hospitals. These laws may require us to implement the necessary and costly infrastructure to track and report certain payments to healthcare providers. Failure to comply with these tracking and reporting laws could subject us to significant civil monetary penalties.
Other laws. We are subject to other laws in foreign countries where we conduct business. For example, within the EU, the control of unlawful marketing activities is a matter of national law in each of the member states. The member states of the EU closely monitor perceived unlawful marketing activities. We could face civil, criminal, and administrative sanctions if any member state determines that we have breached such state’s national laws. Industry associations also closely monitor the activities of member companies. If these organizations or authorities name us as having breached our obligations under their regulations, rules, or standards, our reputation would suffer, and our business and financial condition could be materially and adversely affected.
A change in the percentage of our total earnings from international sales, changes in our international activities, or additional changes in tax laws could increase our effective tax rate.
Earnings from our international subsidiaries are generally taxed at rates that differ from United States rates. A change in the percentage of our total earnings from our international subsidiaries, a change in the mix of particular tax jurisdictions between our international subsidiaries, a change in currency exchange rates, or a shift in where we perform manufacturing, research and development, and other activities internally could cause our effective tax rate to increase. Furthermore, while United States tax reform imposed a current tax on cumulative undistributed earnings, these earnings could also become subject to incremental foreign withholding or United States state taxes should they actually be remitted to the United States, in which case our financial results could be materially and adversely affected.
Statutory changes included in proposed United States legislation, if passed, including interpretive guidance, could materially impact our income tax expense, effective tax rate, or the value of deferred tax assets and liabilities. Changes in the valuation of our deferred tax assets or liabilities, changes in tax laws or rates, changes in the interpretation of tax laws in other jurisdictions, or other changes beyond our control could materially and adversely affect our financial position and results of operations.For example, a change in tax law, which became effective for us in 2023 and requires capitalization of research and experimental expenditures, significantly increased our cash tax expense in the United States in fiscal year 2024. We expect this increase in cash tax expense to continue until normalizing in fiscal year 2027.
We have entities in certain jurisdictions with cumulative net operating losses for which no income tax benefit can be recorded due to full valuation allowance positions. There could be additional future losses in these and other jurisdictions that would negatively impact our effective tax rate.
We sell certain X-ray tube products as replacements which are subject to medical device certification and product registration laws and regulations that vary by country and are subject to change, and we may be unable to receive registration approval or renewal of existing registrations.
We market and distribute certain X-ray tubes through distributors and third-party/multi-vendor service organizations that are used as equivalent replacements for specific OEM tubes. We are subject to medical device certification and product registration laws that vary by country and are subject to periodic reviews and changes by regulatory authorities in those countries. Certain of these local laws and regulations have the effect of serving as a barrier to trade and can be difficult to navigate predictably. In addition, certain countries where we sell our products require products to undergo re-registration if the product is altered in any significant way. These registration processes can be costly and time consuming, and customers may decide to purchase products from our competitors that do not have to be involved in a re-registration process. In addition, our inability to receive or renew product registrations may prevent us from marketing and/or distributing those particular products for replacement applications in the specific country.
Existing and future healthcare reforms and changes to reimbursement rates may indirectly have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations.
Sales of our products to OEMs in the medical sector indirectly depend on whether adequate reimbursement is available for our customers’ products from a variety of sources, such as government healthcare insurance programs, including U.S. Medicare and Medicaid programs, foreign government programs, private insurance plans, health maintenance organizations, and preferred provider organizations. Without adequate reimbursement, the demand for our customers’ products, and therefore indirectly our products, may be limited, which could harm our business, results of operations, financial condition, and prospects.
Healthcare reform proposals and medical cost containment measures in the United States and in many foreign countries could limit the use of both ours and our customers’ products, reduce reimbursement available for such use, further tax the sale or use of our products, and further increase the administrative and financial burden of compliance. Any changes that lower reimbursements for us or our customers’ products and/or procedures using these products, including, for example, existing reimbursement incentives to convert
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from analog to digital X-ray systems, or changes that reduce medical procedure volumes or increase cost containment pressures on us or others in the healthcare sector could materially and adversely affect our business and results of operations.
Certain of our products are subject to regulations relating to use of radioactive material, compliance with which may be costly, and a failure to comply with these regulations may materially and adversely affect our business.
As a manufacturer and seller of medical devices and devices emitting radiation or utilizing radioactive by-product material, we and some of our suppliers and distributors are subject to extensive regulation by United States governmental authorities, such as the FDA, the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (“NRC”), and state and local regulatory agencies, which is intended to ensure the devices are safe and effective and comply with laws governing products which emit, produce, or control radiation. These regulations govern, among other things, the design, development, testing, manufacturing, packaging, labeling, distribution, import/export, sale, marketing, and disposal of our products. We are also subject to international laws and regulations that apply to manufacturers of radiation-emitting devices and products utilizing radioactive materials. These are often comparable to, if not more stringent than, the equivalent regulations in the United States.
Our industrial and medical devices utilizing radioactive material are subject to NRC clearance and approval requirements, and the manufacture and sale of these products are subject to extensive federal and state regulation that varies from state to state and among regions. Our manufacture, distribution, installation, service, and removal of industrial devices utilizing radioactive material or emitting radiation also requires us to obtain a number of licenses and certifications for these devices and materials. Service of these products must also be performed in accordance with specific radioactive materials licenses. Obtaining licenses and certifications may be time consuming, expensive, and uncertain.
The handling and disposal of radioactive materials resulting from the manufacture, use, or disposal of our products may impose significant costs and requirements. Disposal sites for the lawful disposal of materials generated by the manufacture, use, or decommissioning of our products may no longer accept these substances in the future or may accept them on unfavorable terms.
Environmental laws impose compliance costs on our business and may also result in liability.
Environmental laws regulate many aspects of our operations, including our handling, storage, transport, and disposal of hazardous substances, such as the chemicals and materials that we use in the course of our manufacturing operations. Forexample, pursuant to a remediation plan related to certain hazardous volatile organic compounds present at our Salt Lake City property, we and Varian Medical Systems, Inc. ("Varian") entered into an environmental covenant with the Director of the Utah Division of Waste Management and Radiation Control on behalf of the Utah Department of Environmental Quality requiring certain remediation measures and imposing certain limitations relating to the property and the groundwater in the aquifer underlying the property, including use of the property for commercial and industrial uses only and not allowing groundwater to be used for culinary and other domestic purposes, among other limitations. Our compliance with environmental laws can also impose cleanup liabilities, including with respect to discontinued operations. Like other businesses, we may mishandle or inadequately manage hazardous substances used in our manufacturing operations and can never completely eliminate the risk of contamination or injury from certain materials that we use in our business and, therefore, we cannot completely eliminate the prospect of resulting claims and damage payments. We may also be assessed fines and/or other penalties for failure to comply with environmental laws and regulations. Insurance has provided coverage for portions of cleanup costs resulting from historical occurrences, but we do not expect to maintain insurance coverage for costs or claims that might result from any future contamination.
Pursuant to the Separation and Distribution Agreement we entered into with Varian when we spun off from Varian, we are obligated to indemnify Varian for 20% of the cleanup liabilities related to prior corporate restructuring activities undertaken while we were a division of Varian. This includes facilities sold as part of Varian’s electron devices business in 1995 and thin film systems business in 1997. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (“EPA”) or third parties have named Varian as a potentially responsible party under the amended Comprehensive Environmental Response Compensation and Liability Act of 1980 (“CERCLA”), at sites to which Varian or the facilities of the businesses sold in 1995 and 1997 were alleged to have shipped waste for recycling or disposal (the “CERCLA sites”). We anticipate that we will be obligated to reimburse Varian for 20% of the liabilities of Varian related to these CERCLA sites (after adjusting for any insurance proceeds or tax benefits received by Varian). We assess this indemnification obligation quarterly with Varian and make accruals accordingly. These accruals have historically been small, but can sometimes fluctuate significantly from period to period.
Future changes in environmental laws could also increase our costs of doing business, perhaps significantly. Several countries, including some in the EU, now require medical equipment manufacturers to bear certain disposal costs of products at the end of the product’s useful life, thereby increasing its costs. The EU has also adopted directives that may lead to restrictions on the use of certain hazardous substances or other regulated substances in some of our products sold there. These directives, along with another that requires substance information to be provided upon request, could increase our operating costs by increasing the cost of
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maintaining our access to certain customers. All of these costs, and any future violations or liabilities under environmental laws or regulations, could have a material adverse effect on our business.
Risks Relating to Our Indebtedness
The Credit Agreement and the indenture governing our Senior Secured Notes impose significant operating and financial restrictions that may limit our current and future operating flexibility, particularly our ability to respond to changes in the economy or our industry or to take certain actions, which could harm our long-term interests and may limit our ability to make payments on the notes.
As of October 3, 2025, our total combined indebtedness was approximately $369.9 million of principal, which consisted almost entirely of our 7.875% Senior Secured Notes due 2027 (the "Senior Secured Notes"). For more information regarding our borrowings, see Note 6, Borrowings of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements of this report.
The Credit Agreement providing for the Revolving Credit Facility and the indenture governing our Senior Secured Notes impose significant operational and financial restrictions on us that include, but are not limited to our ability to:
•incur, assume, or permit to exist additional indebtedness (including guarantees thereof);
•pay dividends or certain other distributions on our capital stock or repurchase our capital stock or prepay subordinated indebtedness;
•prepay, redeem, or repurchase certain debt;
•issue certain preferred stock or similar equity securities;
•incur liens on assets;
•make certain loans, investments, or other restricted payments;
•allow to exist certain restrictions on the ability of our restricted subsidiaries to pay dividends or make other payments to us;
•engage in transactions with affiliates;
•alter the business that we conduct; and
•sell certain assets or merge or consolidate with or into other companies.
As a result of these restrictions, we may be:
•limited in how we conduct our business;
•unable to raise additional debt or equity financing on acceptable terms or at all, to operate during general economic or business downturns;
•limited in our ability to borrow additional funds as needed or increasing the cost of such borrowing;
•challenged in satisfying our obligations, including our debt obligations;
•vulnerable to adverse economic and general industry conditions, including interest rate fluctuations, because a portion of our borrowings are and will continue to be at variable rates of interest;
•required to dedicate a substantial portion of our cash flow from operations to payments on our debt, which would reduce the availability of our cash flow from operations to fund working capital, capital expenditures, or other general corporate purposes;
•disadvantaged compared to competitors that may have proportionately less debt; or
•unable to compete effectively or to take advantage of new business opportunities.
A breach of the covenants under the indenture governing our Senior Secured Notes or the Credit Agreement could result in an event of default under the applicable indebtedness. Such a default, if not cured or waived, may allow the creditors to accelerate the related debt, may result in the acceleration of any other debt that is subject to an applicable cross-acceleration or cross-default provision, and would permit the lenders under the Revolving Credit Facility to terminate all commitments to extend further credit under the credit facility. Furthermore, if we were unable to repay the amounts due and payable under the Revolving Credit Facility, the lenders could proceed against the collateral securing such indebtedness. In the event our lenders or holders of the notes accelerate the repayment of our borrowings, we and our subsidiaries may not have sufficient assets to repay that indebtedness.
If our cash requirements in the future are greater than expected or our cash flow from operations is less than expected, our cash flow from operations may not be sufficient to repay all of the outstanding debt as it becomes due, and we may not be able to borrow money, sell assets, or otherwise raise funds on acceptable terms, or at all, to refinance our debt. Any future refinancing of our indebtedness could be at higher interest rates and may require us to comply with more onerous covenants which could further restrict our business operations. Additionally, the indenture relating to our Senior Secured Notes limits the use of the proceeds from any disposition of our assets. As a result, the indenture may prevent us from using the proceeds from such dispositions to satisfy our debt service obligations.
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Our ability to continue to have the necessary liquidity to operate our business may be adversely impacted by a number of factors, and a deterioration of our results of operations and cash flow resulting from decreases in customer spending, could, among other things, impact our ability to comply with the consolidated fixed charge coverage ratio and the consolidated total net leverage ratio contained in our Revolving Credit Facility.
Our historical sources of liquidity to fund ongoing cash requirements include cash flows from operations, cash and cash equivalents, borrowings through credit facilities, and debt offerings. The sufficiency and availability of credit may be adversely affected by a variety of factors, including, without limitation, the tightening of the credit markets, including lending by financial institutions who are sources of credit for our borrowing and liquidity; an increase in the cost of capital; the reduced availability of credit; our ability to execute our strategy; the level of our cash flows, which will be impacted by customer demand for our products; compliance with a fixed charge coverage ratio that is included in our Revolving Credit Facility; and interest rate fluctuations. We cannot predict the future level of interest rates or the effect of any change in interest rates on the availability or aggregate cost of our borrowings. We cannot be certain that any additional required financing, whether debt or equity, will be available in amounts needed or on terms acceptable to us, if at all.
The Credit Agreement providing for our Revolving Credit Facility contains a minimum consolidated fixed charge coverage ratio of 1.25 to 1.00 and a maximum consolidated total net leverage ratio (the “CTNL Ratio”). For the period from September 26, 2025 to June 26, 2026, the CTNL Ratio for any fiscal quarter may not exceed 3.75:1.00, and thereafter, the CTNL Ratio for any fiscal quarter may not exceed 3.50:1.00. Each ratio is tested on the last day of each fiscal quarter. Adverse developments in the economy in the past have led and in the future could lead to reduced spending by our customers and end-users which could adversely impact our net sales and cash flow and our ability to comply with one or both of these ratios.
General Risks
Failure to maintain effective internal controls and procedures and changes in accounting standards and subjective assumptions, estimates and judgments by management related to complex accounting matters, could negatively impact us.
In the past, we have not always been successful in maintaining effective internal controls and procedures. Internal control over financial reporting is complex and may be revised over time to adapt to changes in our business or changes in applicable accounting rules. We cannot assure that our internal control over financial reporting will be effective in the future or that material weaknesses will not be discovered with respect to a prior period for which we had previously believed that internal controls were effective. If our internal controls and procedures are not effective, our financial statements may not accurately reflect the results of our business and operations. In addition, there could also be a negative reaction in the financial markets due to a loss of investor confidence in us and the reliability of our financial statements, which could affect our stock price.
GAAP and related accounting pronouncements, implementation guidelines and interpretations with regard to a wide range of matters that are relevant to our business, such as revenue recognition, impairment of intangible assets, fair value determinations, lease obligations, vendor allowances, tax matters and litigation, are complex and involve many subjective assumptions, estimates and judgments by our management. Changes in accounting standards or their interpretation or changes in underlying assumptions, estimates or judgments by our management could change our reported or expected financial performance or financial condition or have an impact on our consolidated financial statements. As described in Note 1 to our Consolidated Financial Statements under "Revision of Prior Period Financial Statements" during the three months ended July 4, 2025, we identified an error related to deferred tax assets and liabilities and income tax expense in prior periods. The effect of the error was not material, individually or in aggregate in prior periods, but correcting the effect of the error as an out-of-period adjustment for the quarter ended July 4, 2025 would have been material.
We have incurred, and may in the future incur, impairment charges related to our goodwill, which could have an adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.
As of October 3, 2025, our goodwill was $198.4 million. We are required to test intangible assets with indefinite lives, including goodwill, annually or, in certain instances, more frequently, and may be required to record impairment charges, which would reduce any earnings or increase any loss for the period in which the impairment was determined to have occurred. For example, during the three months ended July 4, 2025, changes in facts and circumstances related to sustained decreases in our stock price, a decrease in our market capitalization, and downward revisions in our longer-term forecast received during the quarter, which include the impact of tariffs and the MOFCOM Investigations announcements, resulted in our determination that the carrying amount of our Medical reporting unit exceeded its fair value. Accordingly, we recorded a $93.9 million goodwill impairment charge to our Medical reporting unit. Our goodwill impairment analysis is sensitive to changes in key assumptions used in our analysis. If the assumptions used in our analysis are not realized, it is possible that a further impairment charge may need to be recorded in the future. We cannot accurately predict the amount and timing of any impairment of goodwill or other intangible assets. However, any such impairment could have an adverse effect on our results of operations.
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If we are unable to retain, attract, expand, integrate, and train our management team and other key personnel, we may not be able to maintain or expand our business.
Our future success depends on our ability to retain, attract, expand, integrate, and train our management team and other key personnel, such as qualified engineering, service, sales, marketing, manufacturing, and other staff. We compete for key personnel with other medical equipment and software manufacturers and technology companies, as well as universities and research institutions. We have observed a competitive labor market over the past several years, particularly in Utah, where unemployment rates are relatively low. As a result, compensation-related costs have increased and could continue to increase. Additionally, our United States-based employees, including our senior management team, work for us on an at-will basis, and there is no assurance that any such employees will remain with us. Replacing key employees may take an extended period of time, and to the extent we hire employees from competitors, we also may be subject to allegations that they have been improperly solicited or divulged proprietary or other confidential information. Freezing new positions or terminating existing ones could hinder our ability to execute our strategic plan and achieve growth targets, resulting in long-term sacrifices for short-term gains. If we are unable to retain or hire and train qualified personnel, we may not be able to maintain or expand our business. Similarly, if we fail to adequately invest in leadership training and career development resources this could limit employee growth, lead to shortages of skilled personnel, hinder effective management and decision making, and hamper overall organizational success.
Our business is subject to evolving matters relating to environmental, social and governance and/or our reporting of such matters that could expose us to numerous risks.
We are subject to evolving, and sometimes conflicting, laws, regulations, policies, and investor and other stakeholder expectations concerning environmental, social, and governance matters, such as environmental sustainability and climate change, both in the United States and internationally. Any initiatives, goals, or commitments we disclose in this regard involve risks and uncertainties and could be difficult to achieve and costly to implement. In addition, in a climate where there are changing and increasingly divergent views on where our focus should be on these matters, our initiatives, goals, or commitments, or any revisions to them, are often criticized and the accuracy, adequacy, or completeness of such disclosures challenged. Our actual or perceived failure to achieve our initiatives, goals, or commitments, or otherwise successfully manage investor or other stakeholder expectations on these matters, could negatively impact our reputation or otherwise harm our business.
In addition, a number of our customers have adopted, and may continue to adopt, procurement policies that require us to comply with social and environmental provisions. An increasing number of investors have adopted, and may continue to adopt, environmental, social, and governance policies for their portfolio companies, and various voluntary sustainability initiatives and organizations have promulgated different social and environmental and sustainability guidelines. These practices, policies, provisions, and initiatives are under active development, subject to change, can be unpredictable and conflicting, and may prove difficult and expensive for us to comply with and could negatively affect our reputation, business, or financial condition.
Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments
None.
Item 1C. Cybersecurity
Cybersecurity Risk Management and Strategy
We depend on information systems and technology in many aspects of our business, including running our manufacturing operations and communicating among our employees, suppliers and customers. Such uses of information systems and technology give rise to cybersecurity risks, including risk of system disruption, security breach, ransomware, theft, and inadvertent release of information. We have a risk-based cybersecurity program and a dedicated team of cybersecurity professionals focused on protecting our data and information systems. These cybersecurity threats and related risks make it necessary for us to stay apprised of developments in the information security field, and dedicate resources to cybersecurity. With Board of Directors and Audit Committee oversight, as part of our annual enterprise-wide risk management process, we assess and manage the material risks associated with cybersecurity.
To identify, assess, and manage material cybersecurity risks, our team uses a cybersecurity risk assessment process aligned with leading frameworks such as the Cyber Security Framework of the National Institute of Standards and Technology ("NIST") and the Center for Internet Security (“CIS”) Critical Security Controls. Our cybersecurity risk assessment program provides the underlying basis for the activities of our team to identify and mitigate risks from, as well as develop risk management and response strategies for, evolving and emerging cybersecurity threats.
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Our cybersecurity program includes a variety of processes to assess, identify and manage risks from cybersecurity threats arising from our own and third-party provided systems, including information security policies and procedures, simulation exercises, network and endpoint monitoring and detection tools, vulnerability management processes, risk assessments, third-party penetration testing and security requirements for our suppliers, vendors, and service providers.We have also engaged third parties to enhance and strengthen our cybersecurity program, to provide additional capabilities and support, and to provide periodic independent assessments and evaluations of our cybersecurity program, including through table top exercises to simulate responses to cybersecurity incidents, and other professional services.
We also monitor and test our safeguards and train our employees on cybersecurity safeguards related to our information technology systems. Our employees are required to take periodic training on cybersecurity and data privacy, and we conduct regular phishing email simulations to enhance awareness and responsiveness to such possible threats. We carry information security risk insurance that provides protection against certain defined potential losses arising from a cybersecurity incident.
In the event of a suspected incident, our incident response plan outlines the steps to be followed from incident detection to mitigation, recovery and notification, including notifying the head of our Information Technology department (“Head of IT”) and functional areas (e.g., legal and human resources) as appropriate. This includes processes for assessing such incidents for materiality, making required notifications, disclosures or communications and determining, among other things, whether any prohibition on the trading of our common stock by insiders should be imposed prior to the disclosure of information about a material cybersecurity event.
We describe whether and how risks from identified cybersecurity threats have materially affected or are reasonably likely to materially affect us, including our business strategy, results of operations, or financial condition, under Item 1A, “Risk Factors” in this Annual Report, which disclosures are incorporated by reference herein. In the last three fiscal years, we have not experienced any material cybersecurity incidents and the expenses we have incurred from cybersecurity incidents were immaterial. This includes penalties and settlements, of which there were none.
Cybersecurity Governance
Our Board of Directors, both directly and through the delegation of responsibilities to the Audit Committee, is responsible for the oversight of risks from cybersecurity threats. At least annually, the Audit Committee receives an overview from management of our cybersecurity strategy, programs, and risk mitigation activities, as well as other developments and action items related to cybersecurity. In its meetings, the Audit Committee has the opportunity to discuss these matters with the head of our Information Technology department and other members of executive management. Members of the Board are also encouraged to engage in ad hoc conversations with management on cybersecurity-related news events and discuss any updates to our cybersecurity risk management and strategy programs.
Our cybersecurity risk management and strategy processes are managed by the head of our Information Technology department, and our Information Technology team is responsible for enterprise-wide informational technology, coordinating with various functions and business groups to ensure they are following best practices.
The head of our Information Technology department, along with our cybersecurity program manager, are principally responsible for overseeing the risks related to cybersecurity. They are responsible for cybersecurity incident preparedness, approving cybersecurity processes, reviewing security assessments and other security-related reports, and providing senior leadership with regular updates on cybersecurity-related matters. These team members combined have more than 40 years of experience in technology and information security risk management across a number of organizations, have multiple relevant technical and governance certifications, and are active in a number of cybersecurity related boards and organizations.
Item 2. Properties
Our corporate headquarters is located in Salt Lake City, Utah, at an owned site used for manufacturing, administrative functions, and research and development for both our Medical and Industrial segments. We also own or lease 30 other facilities throughout North America, Europe, Asia, and India that comprise manufacturing facilities, warehouses, sales and service, research and development, and office space, which are used for our Medical and/or Industrial segments, depending on the location.
In addition to our location in Salt Lake City, Utah, our other primary owned facilities are located in Nevada, Illinois, the Netherlands, and India. Our primary leased facilities in the Philippines, China, Germany, India, and California, are used for manufacturing, research and development, or administrative functions for our Medical and Industrial segments.
We believe our current facilities are well-maintained and adequate to meet our current and reasonably anticipated future needs. We believe we will be able to renew leases, as needed, on acceptable terms or that we will be able to find suitable alternatives.
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Item 3. Legal Proceedings
We are subject to various claims, complaints, and legal actions in the normal course of business from time to time. The resolution of such claims, complaints, and legal actions is subject to significant uncertainty and may be expensive, time consuming and disruptive to our operations. At the present time, we do not believe we have any current or pending litigation for which the outcome could have a material adverse effect on our operations or financial position. See, also, Note 16, Commitments and Contingencies, included in the accompanying Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures
Not applicable.
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PART II
Item 5. Market for the Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
Varex's common stock is traded on the Nasdaq Global Select Market (the “NASDAQ”) under the symbol “VREX.”
Since our inception, we have not paid any cash dividends and have no current plan to pay cash dividends on Varex common stock. As of November 11, 2025, there were approximately 1,178 holders of record of Varex common stock. This number does not include beneficial owners holding shares in "nominee" or "street" name.
The following graph shows the total return on VREX common stock for the five years ended October 3, 2025, with comparative total returns for the Russell 2000 Index (“RUT”) and the Dow Jones Medical Equipment Index (“DJUSAM”). The graph below assumes that $100.00 was invested on October 2, 2020 in our common stock and the companies listed in the RUT and the DJUSAM, as well as a reinvestment of dividends paid on such investments throughout the period.
Item 6. [Reserved]
Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
The following discussion and analysis contains forward-looking statements relating to future events or our future financial or operating performance that involve risks and uncertainties, as set forth above under "Forward-Looking Statements." Our actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of certain factors described in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
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Our Business
Varex Imaging Corporation is a leading innovator, designer and manufacturer of X-ray imaging components including X-ray tubes, flat panel and photon counting detectors and accessories, linear accelerators, and image software processing solutions, which are critical components of a variety of X-ray based imaging equipment, and stand-alone X-ray based systems in select application areas. Our success depends, among other things, on our ability to anticipate and respond to changes in our business, the direction of technological innovation, and the demand from our customers. For additional information on our business, see Item 1 "Business".
Impact of Current Economic and Trade Environment
The current economic and trade environment remains dynamic and unpredictable. The uncertain outcome and effect of tariffs and reciprocal actions between the United States and other countries and its impact on the economic and geopolitical environment, supply chain and logistic challenges, and geopolitical tensions and local conflicts have contributed to, and may continue to contribute to, delayed customer purchasing decisions, increased tariff costs, higher inflation, fluctuations in interest rates and capital costs, supply chain disruption, increased costs of labor and materials, exchange rate volatility, increased shipping costs, and other similar effects. Additionally, a sustained United States government shutdown could negatively impact the global economy and in turn our financial condition and results of operations.
During the calendar year 2025, the United States Administration has announced and/or imposed a variety of new tariffs on imports from other countries. In response, a number of those impacted or potentially impacted countries have announced and/or
imposed retaliatory tariffs on United States imports. These actions impacted our results of operations and profitability in fiscal year 2025, particularly the bilateral United States and Chinese tariffs. Absent a de-escalation in the current trade wars, particularly the trade war between the United States and China, these tariffs have and are expected to make our products less competitive with similar product not imported from the United States, which has had and in the future is expected to negatively impact our business and financial results. Additional new tariffs, trade restrictions or other retaliatory actions aimed at specific industries, such as X-ray imaging products, could also materially impact our business. We remain committed to working with our customers to minimize the effects of the tariffs. In this regard, we are actively working to implement a number of options that could reduce the impact, including pursuing commonly utilized mitigation practices and localizing more manufacturing in the region. At this time, however, we do not anticipate these efforts will allow us to fully offset the additional costs or other negative impacts resulting from such tariffs. Considering the mitigation efforts we have in flight at this point, we are not currently planning to do any restructuring in China.
We continue to monitor potential changes in customer procurement decisions resulting from the current trade climate, along with other tariff-related actions, investigations and other activities that might negatively affect our costs or otherwise impact our business and results of operations. Furthermore, if international customers’ negative perceptions of the actions of the United States Administration influence their buying decisions, our business and results of operations could be negatively impacted.
In April 2025, the China Ministry of Commerce initiated two investigations related to medical products imported into China. One investigation relates to the impact of imports of X-ray tubes on the domestic industry and its competitiveness, and another relates to imports into China of certain medical CT X-ray tubes and tube inserts for CT devices (collectively “CT Tubes and Inserts”) originating from the United States and India. We produce CT Tubes and Inserts in the United States and export them to China, but we do not produce CT Tubes and Inserts in India. Total sales of medical X-ray tubes we import into China represented approximately 10% of our total revenue in fiscal year 2025. Both investigations were temporarily suspended in May 2025 and again in August 2025, and then both were indefinitely suspended in November 2025. If recommenced, we anticipate that the MOFCOM Investigations may take approximately one year to resolve. We are committed to complying with all applicable regulations.
In the past, we have experienced supply chain, manufacturing, and logistics challenges but these challenges have largely subsided. However, given the current tariff environment and uncertainty around how it may impact customer purchasing decisions and the timing of those decisions, supply chain and logistics challenges could re-emerge.
For additional information on risks related to tariffs and trade wars, supply chain and logistics challenges, cost increases, changes in U.S. and worldwide economic conditions, geopolitical tensions, and other risks that could impact our results, see Item 1A “Risk Factors”.
Fiscal Year
Our fiscal year is the 52- or 53-week periods ending on the Friday nearest September 30. Fiscal year 2025 was the 53-week period that ended October 3, 2025, fiscal year 2024 was the 52-week period that ended September 27, 2024, and fiscal year 2023 was the 52-week period that ended September 29, 2023.
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Results of Operations
For a discussion and analysis of our year-over-year changes, financial condition, and results of operations for the fiscal years ended September 27, 2024 and September 29, 2023 refer to Item 7 "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" of our annual report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 27, 2024, filed with the SEC on November 19, 2024. Our year-over-year changes, financial condition, and results of operations for the fiscal years ended October 3, 2025 and September 27, 2024 are set forth below.
Comparison of Results of Operations for Fiscal Years 2025 and 2024
Revenues, net
Medical as a percentage of total revenues 70.2 % 71.7 % 75.4 %
Industrial as a percentage of total revenues 29.8 % 28.3 % 24.6 %
Medical revenues increased $10.9 million in fiscal year 2025 compared to fiscal year 2024, primarily due to increased sales of CT, oncology, and mammography of $24.6 million, partially offset by decreased sales in radiography, veterinary, and dental modalities of $13.7 million.
Industrial revenues increased $22.7 million in fiscal year 2025 compared to fiscal year 2024, primarily due to increased sales of security inspection products and X-ray tubes of $15.3 million, digital detectors of $6.0 million and other components of $1.4 million.
Revenues, net by Region
Americas as a percentage of total revenues 32.7 % 32.9 % 31.5 %
EMEA as a percentage of total revenues 33.7 % 34.6 % 32.5 %
APAC as a percentage of total revenues 33.5 % 32.6 % 35.9 %
Overall revenue during fiscal year 2025 increased as compared to fiscal year 2024. During fiscal year 2025, Americas revenues increased $10.0 million due to increased security inspection products sales of $13.3 million, increased X-ray tubes sales of $4.7 million, increased other product sales of $0.7 million, partially offset by decreased veterinary sales of $4.7 million, digital detector sales of $2.2 million, and software sales of $1.8 million. EMEA revenues increased $4.5 million primarily due to increased digital detector sales of $4.3 million, other product sales of $2.4 million, and security inspection product sales of $0.9 million, partially offset by decreased veterinary sales of $1.8 million, software sales of $0.7 million, and X-ray tubes sales of $0.5 million. APAC revenues increased $19.1 million primarily due to increased X-ray tubes sales of $14.7 million, security inspection products sales of $3.2 million, digital detector sales of $1.8 million, and software sales of $0.6 million, partially offset by decreased other product sales of $1.3 million.
See Note 2, Revenue, of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for information regarding disaggregated revenue by country.
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Gross Profit
Medical segment gross profit increased $23.4 million in fiscal year 2025 compared to fiscal year 2024 primarily due to increased sales volume, increased favorable product mix, and lower material costs of $13.3 million and improved productivity of $10.1 million.
Industrial segment gross profit increased $10.2 million in fiscal year 2025 compared to fiscal year 2024, primarily due to improved sales volume and favorable product mix of $20.1 million, partially offset by decreased productivity and increased material costs of $9.9 million.
Operating Expenses
As a percentage of total revenues 10.8 % 10.7 % 9.5 %
As a percentage of total revenues 15.8 % 17.0 % 14.4 %
Impairment of goodwill $ 93.9 100% $ — —% $ —
As a percentage of total revenues 11.1 % — % — %
As a percentage of total revenues 37.7 % 27.7 % 23.9 %
Research and Development
Research and development costs for fiscal year 2025 remained relatively unchanged at 10.8% of total revenue when compared to fiscal year 2024.
Selling, General, and Administrative
Selling, general, and administrative expenses for fiscal year 2025 decreased primarily due to a decrease in fixed cost commitments to a supplier of $3.5 million and amortization of intangibles of $3.0 million, partially offset by an increase in depreciation costs of $1.2 million.
Impairment of Goodwill
During the third quarter of fiscal year 2025, we recognized a goodwill impairment charge of $93.9 million, following a determination that the fair value of the Medical reporting unit was below its carrying value. See Note 5, Goodwill and Intangible Assets, of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements of this report for further details.
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Interest and Other Expense, Net
The following table summarizes the Company’s interest and other expense, net:
Interest and other expenses, net $ (31.4) 16% $ (27.1) (41)% $ (45.8)
Interest income increased primarily due to an increase in the average cash and cash equivalents balance being held in interest bearing deposit accounts during fiscal year 2025 as compared to fiscal year 2024.
Interest expense increased primarily due to higher interest costs in connection with the additional Senior Secured Notes issued during the first quarter of fiscal year 2025 to partially refinance our convertible senior unsecured notes that matured in June 2025 and the Revolving Credit Facility established during the final week of the second quarter of fiscal year 2024.
Other expense, net remained relatively unchanged during fiscal year 2025 as compared to fiscal year 2024.
Taxes on Income (Loss)
Fiscal Years
We had an income tax expense of $10.7 million and an income tax expense of $53.3 million, resulting in effective rates of (18.1)% and 1,066.0%, for fiscal years 2025 and 2024, respectively.
During fiscal year 2025, our effective tax rate varied from the U.S. federal statutory rate of 21% primarily due to the goodwill impairment that took place in the third quarter of fiscal year 2025, the unfavorable impact of U.S. deferred tax attributes and losses in certain foreign jurisdictions for which a valuation allowance is provided as well as profit in foreign jurisdictions with statutory tax rates greater than 21%. These unfavorable items were partially offset by the favorable impact of U.S. tax reform regarding international provisions, R&D credits, and return to provision adjustments.
During fiscal year 2024, our effective tax rate varied from the U.S. federal statutory rate of 21% primarily due to the unfavorable impact of U.S. deferred tax attributes and losses in certain foreign jurisdictions for which a valuation allowance is provided as well as profit in foreign jurisdictions with statutory tax rates greater than 21%. These unfavorable items were partially offset by the favorable impact of U.S. tax reform regarding international provisions, R&D credits, and return to provision adjustments.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
We assess our liquidity in terms of our ability to generate cash to fund our operations, including working capital and investing activities. We believe that our operating cash flow, cash on our balance sheet, availability under our Revolving Credit Facility, and our ability to access the credit and capital markets are sufficient to meet our anticipated operating activities and cash commitments for at least the next 12 months and will be sufficient to allow us to continue to invest in our existing businesses, consummate strategic acquisitions, and manage our capital structure on a short-term and long-term basis. We are currently not aware of any trends or demands, commitments, events, or uncertainties that will result in or that are reasonably likely to result in a material change to our liquidity needs during the next 12 months. Beyond the next 12 months, our Senior Secured Notes mature in October 2027. As of October 3, 2025, the availability under our Revolving Credit Facility was $154.8 million, and we had total debt of $367.5 million, net of deferred issuance costs of $2.4 million.
Cash and Cash Equivalents, Certificates of Deposit, and Marketable Debt Securities
The following table summarizes our cash and cash equivalents, certificates of deposit, and marketable debt securities:
(In millions) October 3, 2025 September 27, 2024 $ Change
Certificates of deposit not included in cash and cash equivalents — 3.4 (3.4)
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Borrowings
The following table summarizes the changes in our debt outstanding:
(In millions, except for percentages) Amount Amount $ Change
Current maturities of long-term debt:
Convertible Senior Unsecured Notes $ — $ 45.0 $ (45.0)
Total current maturities of long-term debt $ 1.5 $ 46.5 $ (45.0)
Non-current maturities of long-term debt:
Convertible Senior Unsecured Notes(1) $ — $ 155.0 $ (155.0)
Total non-current maturities of long-term debt $ 368.4 $ 400.1 $ (31.7)
Unamortized issuance costs and debt discounts:
Unamortized issuance costs - Convertible Notes $ — $ (1.0) $ 1.0
Total unamortized issuance costs and debt discounts (2.4) (3.2) 0.8
(1) This amount was excluded from current liabilities as it was supported by the Revolving Credit Facility and restricted cash from the proceeds of the Senior Secured Notes Add On (as defined in Note 6, Borrowings), which were expected to, and did, remain outstanding for an uninterrupted period extending beyond one year from the balance sheet date.
Cash Flows
Fiscal Years
Net cash flow provided by (used in)
Financing activities (75.9) (3.3) (0.2)
Net cash provided by operating activities. Cash provided by operating activities was $41.7 million and $47.3 million for fiscal years 2025 and 2024, respectively. Net cash provided by operating activities decreased $5.6 million for fiscal year 2025 compared to fiscal year 2024. Significant changes in operating assets and liabilities affecting cash flows during these periods included:
•Net loss was $69.9 million for fiscal year 2025 compared to a net loss of $48.3 million for fiscal year 2024. The increase in net loss was primarily due to a goodwill impairment charge of $93.9 million in fiscal year 2025 and $5.3 million of higher interest expense in fiscal year 2025 compared to fiscal year 2024, partially offset by $33.6 million of higher sales compared to fiscal year 2024.
•Non-cash adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by operating activities increased $49.4 million in fiscal year 2025 compared to fiscal year 2024. The increase was primarily due to the add back related to the goodwill impairment charge of $93.9 million, partially offset by a $38.6 million reduction in deferred taxes add back in fiscal year 2025, compared to fiscal year 2024 as a result of the increase in a valuation allowance during the fiscal year 2024.
•Cash used for inventories was $46.5 million higher in fiscal year 2025, compared to the fiscal year 2024, primarily due to an increase in quantity of inventory for anticipated future demand.
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•Cash provided by accrued liabilities and other current and other long-term liabilities increased by $9.2 million in fiscal year 2025, compared to fiscal year 2024, primarily due to an increase of $16.2 million related to the timing of and estimation of certain compensation costs, partially offset by $5.5 million related to the reduction of warranty accruals.
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities. Cash provided by (used in) investing activities was $10.3 million and $(27.5) million for fiscal years 2025 and 2024, respectively. The increase in cash provided by investing activities was primarily due to the implementation of an investment strategy to increase the Company’s cash balance to pay down the outstanding Convertible Notes that matured and were repaid in full during the third quarter of fiscal year 2025. This strategy resulted in lower purchases of short-term marketable securities and CDs of $30.4 million, increased proceeds from maturities and sales of marketable debt securities of $4.8 million, and lower purchases of property, plant, and equipment of $4.0 million.
Net cash used in financing activities. Net cash used in financing activities was $75.9 million and $3.3 million for fiscal years 2025 and 2024, respectively. The increase in cash used in financing activities was primarily due to the repayment in full of the Convertible Notes of $200.0 million, partially offset by the issuance of the Senior Secured Notes Add On of $126.9 million during the first quarter of fiscal year 2025.
Days Sales Outstanding
Trade accounts receivable days sales outstanding (“DSO”) was 62 days and 70 days at October 3, 2025 and September 27, 2024, respectively. Our accounts receivable and DSO are impacted by a number of factors, including the timing of product shipments, collections performance, payment terms, the mix of revenues from different regions and the effects of economic instability.
Material Contractual Obligations
The following table summarizes, as of October 3, 2025, the total amount of future payments due in various future periods:
Payments Due by Period
Principal payments on borrowings 369.9 1.5 368.4 — —
dpiX fixed cost commitment 3.4 3.4 — — —
Dividends to MeVis noncontrolling interest 2.5 0.5 1.0 1.0 —
Non-cancellable supplier purchase obligations 3.0 3.0 — — —
We lease office space under non-cancelable operating leases. For further information on our operating leases, see Note 8, Leases, included in the accompanying Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
For further discussion regarding our borrowings, see Note 6, Borrowings, included in the accompanying Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
In October 2013, we entered into an amended agreement with dpiX and other parties that, among other things, provides us with the right to 50% of dpiX’s total manufacturing capacity produced after January 1, 2014. The amended agreement requires us to pay for 50% of the fixed costs (as defined in the amended agreement), as determined and approved by the dpiX board of directors at the beginning of each calendar year. In January 2025, the Company's fixed cost commitment was determined to be $13.7 million for calendar year 2025. For the remainder of calendar year 2025, we estimate that we have fixed cost commitments of $3.4 million related to this amended agreement. The amended agreement will continue unless the ownership structure of dpiX changes (as defined in the amended agreement).
In August 2015, pursuant to a Domination and Profit and Loss Transfer Agreement (the “DPLTA”), we committed to pay the noncontrolling shareholders of MeVis Medical an annual recurring net compensation of €0.95 per MeVis Medical share. The annual net payment will continue for the life of the DPLTA, which we anticipate will continue for as long as we remain as the controlling shareholder of MeVis Medical. As of October 3, 2025, noncontrolling shareholders together held approximately 0.5 million shares of MeVis Medical, representing 26.3% of the outstanding shares.
The Company enters into purchase agreements with its suppliers in the ordinary course of its business for the purchase of goods and services. Some of these purchase agreements are non-cancellable and thus contractually obligate us to future cash payments. As of October 3, 2025, our non-cancellable supplier purchase obligations totaled $3.0 million.
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Our operations and facilities, past and present, are subject to environmental laws, including laws that regulate the handling, storage, transport and disposal of hazardous substances. Certain of those laws impose cleanup liabilities under certain circumstances. In connection with those laws and certain of our past and present operations and facilities, we are obligated to indemnify Varian for the cleanup liabilities related to prior corporate restructuring activities. As of October 3, 2025, our estimated environmental liability for these sites is $3.2 million, net of expected insurance proceeds. For further discussion regarding our environmental obligation, see Note 1, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, included in the accompanying Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Contingencies
From time to time, we are a party to or otherwise involved in legal proceedings, government inspections, investigations, customs and duty audits, and other claims and contingency matters, both inside and outside the United States, arising in the ordinary course of our business or otherwise. We accrue amounts for probable losses, to the extent they can be reasonably estimated, that we believe are adequate to address any liabilities related to legal proceedings as well as other loss contingencies that we believe will result in a probable loss (including, among other things, probable settlement value). A loss or a range of loss is disclosed when it is reasonably possible that a material loss will be incurred and can be estimated or when it is reasonably possible that the amount of a loss, when material, will exceed the recorded provision. We did not have any material contingent liabilities as of October 3, 2025and September 27, 2024. Legal expenses are expensed as incurred.
See Item 3 "Legal Proceedings" of this Annual Report for additional information regarding legal proceedings and Note 16, Commitments and Contingencies, in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for further information regarding certain of our contractual obligations and contingencies, which discussion is incorporated herein by reference.
Critical Accounting Estimates
The preparation of our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures in conformity with GAAP requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues, and expenses. These estimates and assumptions are based on historical experience and on various other factors that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances. Our critical accounting policies that are affected by accounting estimates require us to use judgments, often as a result of the need to make estimates and assumptions regarding matters that are inherently uncertain, and actual results could differ materially from these estimates.
We periodically review our accounting policies, estimates, and assumptions and make adjustments when facts and circumstances dictate. Such accounting policies require us to use judgments, often as a result of the need to make estimates and assumptions regarding matters that are inherently uncertain, and actual results could differ materially from these estimates. Our critical accounting policies that are affected by accounting estimates include valuation of inventories, assessment of recoverability of goodwill and intangible assets, and income taxes. Note 1, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, Item 8. "Financial Statements and Supplementary Data" describe the significant accounting policies and methods used in the preparation of the Company’s consolidated financial statements. For a discussion of how these estimates and other factors may affect our business, see Item 1A. “Risk Factors.”
Inventories, net
Inventory is valued at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Costs include materials, labor, external service and manufacturing overhead and is computed using standard cost, which approximates actual cost, on a first-in-first-out basis. We review inventory quantities on hand and record provisions for estimated excess, slow moving, and obsolete inventory. The evaluation of the carrying value of our inventories takes into consideration such factors as historical and anticipated future sales compared to quantities on hand and the prices we expect to obtain for products in our various businesses. We adjust excess and obsolete inventories to net realizable value, and write-downs of excess and obsolete inventories are recorded as a component of cost of revenues. See Note 1, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, "Inventories, net" for further details.
Goodwill and Intangible Assets
Goodwill is initially recorded when the purchase price paid for a business acquisition exceeds the estimated fair value of the net identified tangible and intangible assets acquired. Our future operating performance will be impacted by the future amortization of these acquired intangible assets and potential impairment charges related to these intangibles or to goodwill if indicators of impairment exist. The allocation of the purchase price from business acquisitions to goodwill and intangible assets could have a material impact on our future operating results. In addition, the allocation of the purchase price of the acquired businesses to goodwill and intangible assets requires us to make significant estimates and assumptions, including estimates of future cash flows expected to be generated by the acquired assets and the appropriate discount rate for those cash flows. Should conditions differ from management’s estimates at the
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time of the acquisition, material write-downs of intangible assets and/or goodwill may be required, which would adversely affect our operating results.
We evaluate goodwill for impairment at least annually or whenever an event occurs or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of a reporting unit below its carrying amount. The evaluation includes consideration of qualitative factors including industry and market considerations, overall financial performance, and other relevant events and factors affecting the reporting unit. If we determine that a quantitative analysis is necessary, we perform a quantitative analysis that consists of a comparison of the fair value of a reporting unit against its carrying amount, including the goodwill allocated to each reporting unit.
In fiscal years 2024 and 2023, we performed the annual goodwill qualitative impairment test for our two reporting units and determined that, at those times, it was not more likely than not that the fair values of the reporting units were less than their carrying amounts and accordingly recorded no impairment. We performed the annual goodwill analysis as of the first day of the fourth quarter of each fiscal year (using balances as of the end of the third quarter of that fiscal year).
In fiscal year 2025, changes in facts and circumstances related to a sustained decrease in our stock price, a decrease in our market capitalization, and downward revisions in our longer term forecast, which included the impact of tariffs and the MOFCOM initiating two investigations related to medical products imported into China resulted in our management determining that an indicator of possible impairment existed within our reporting units. Accordingly, we performed a quantitative impairment analysis to determine the fair values of those reporting units, using both an income approach utilizing the discounted cash flow method and a market approach utilizing the public company market multiple method. Based on the output of the analysis, we determined that the carrying amount of our Medical reporting unit exceeded its fair value. Accordingly, we recorded a $93.9 million impairment charge to our Medical reporting unit within impairment of goodwill in the Consolidated Statements of Operations during the fiscal quarter ended July 4, 2025. Refer to Note 5, Goodwill and Intangible Assets, of our Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information. Significant changes in our projections of our operating results or other factors could cause us to make interim assessments of impairment in any quarter that could result in some or all of the goodwill being impaired. A future impairment charge for goodwill could have a material effect on the Company's consolidated financial position and results of operations.
Taxes on Income
We calculate income taxes based on the tax statutes, regulations, and case law of the various jurisdictions in which we operate. Significant judgment is required in determining the timing and amounts of deductible and creditable items. The benefits of uncertain tax positions are recorded in our financial statements only after determining it is more likely than not that the uncertain tax positions would withstand challenge by taxing authorities. We periodically reassess our positions and record any changes in the financial statements as appropriate. Gross uncertain tax positions, exclusive of interest and penalties, were $1.3 million and $1.6 million as of October 3, 2025, and September 27, 2024, respectively. We believe the resolution of these matters will not materially affect our consolidated financial statements. Income taxes are described further in Note 12, Taxes on Income (Loss), in our Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
The assessment regarding whether a valuation allowance is required or should be adjusted is based on an evaluation of possible sources of taxable income and also considers all available positive and negative evidence factors. Our accounting for the valuation of deferred tax assets represents our best estimate of future events. Changes in our current estimates, due to unanticipated business conditions, governmental legislative actions or events, could have a material effect on our ability to utilize deferred tax assets. The valuation allowance balances were $79.4 million and $74.7 million as of October 3, 2025 and September 27, 2024, respectively. Refer to Note 12, Taxes on Income (Loss), of our Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information on the composition of valuation allowances.
Compensation Recovery Analysis
As disclosed in more detail in “Revision to Prior Period Financial Statements” in Note 1, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, of the accompanying Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, the Consolidated Financial Statements include the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by our executive officers under the Varex Imaging Corporation Compensation Recovery Policy filed as Exhibit 97 to this Annual Report. We have determined that no recovery of incentive-based compensation is required as the correction resulted in no changes to the performance metrics used to determine incentive-based compensation for executive officers during any of the applicable completed fiscal years.
Recent Accounting Standards or Updates Not Yet Effective
See Note 1, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, of the accompanying Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for a description of recent accounting standards, including the expected dates of adoption and the estimated effects on our Consolidated Financial Statements.
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Backlog
Backlog is the accumulation of all orders for which revenues have not been recognized and are still considered valid. Backlog also includes a small portion of billed service contracts that are included in deferred revenue. Our estimated total backlog at October 3, 2025 was approximately $262 million.
Orders may be revised or canceled, either according to their terms or as customers' needs change. Consequently, it is difficult to predict with certainty the amount of backlog that will result in revenues. We perform a quarterly review to verify that outstanding orders in the backlog remain valid. Aged orders that are not expected to be converted to revenues are deemed dormant and are reflected as a reduction in the backlog amounts in the period identified.
In addition to orders for which revenues have not been recognized and are still considered valid, we have pricing agreements with many of our established customers that span multi-year periods. These pricing agreements include volume ranges under which orders are placed.
Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk
We are exposed to four primary types of market risks: foreign currency exchange rate risk, credit and counterparty risk, interest rate risk, and commodity price risk.
Foreign Currency Exchange Rate Risk
A significant portion of our customers are outside the United States, while our financial statements are denominated, and our products are generally priced in U.S. Dollars. A strong U.S. Dollar may result in pricing pressure for our customers that are located outside the United States and that conduct their businesses in currencies other than the U.S. Dollar. Such pricing pressure has caused, and could continue to cause, some of our customers to ask for discounted prices, delay purchasing decisions, or consider moving to in-sourcing supply of components or migrating to lower cost alternatives. In addition, because our business is global and some payments may be made in local currency, fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates can impact our revenues and expenses and/or the profitability in U.S. Dollars of products and services that we provide or purchase in foreign markets.
We may enter into foreign currency forward and option contracts with financial institutions to protect against foreign exchange risks associated with certain existing assets and liabilities, net investments in foreign subsidiaries, and forecast purchases denominated in foreign currencies. We may hedge portions of forecasted foreign currency exposure, typically for one to three months. In addition, we hold cross-currency swaps between the Euro and U.S. Dollar as a net investment hedge of our acquisition of Direct Conversion. Depending on the spot rate between the Euro and U.S. Dollar at the time of settlement and whether we have sufficient Euros available, we may have to borrow incrementally in U.S. Dollars to settle this obligation. Additionally, we may choose not to hedge certain foreign exchange exposures for a variety of reasons including, but not limited to, accounting considerations, the prohibitive economic cost of hedging particular exposures, or due to natural offsets among the different exposures. See Note 9, Financial Derivatives and Hedging Activities, of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for further information.
Credit and Counterparty Risk
We use a centralized approach to manage substantially all of our cash and to finance our operations. Our cash and cash equivalents and marketable securities may be exposed to a concentration of credit risk, and we may also be exposed to credit risk and interest rate risk to the extent that we enter into credit facilities.
We perform ongoing credit evaluations of our customers, and we maintain what we believe to be strong credit controls in evaluating and granting customer credit, including performing ongoing evaluations of our customers’ financial condition and creditworthiness and often using letters of credit or requiring certain customers to provide a down payment.
Interest Rate Risk
Borrowings under our Revolving Credit Facility bear interest at floating interest rates. As of October 3, 2025, we had no borrowings subject to floating interest rates. See Note 6, Borrowings, of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for further information.
Our exposure to interest rate risk also relates to our interest-bearing assets, primarily our cash and cash equivalents and marketable securities. Fixed rate securities may have their market value adversely affected due to a rise in interest rates, while floating rate securities may produce less income than expected if interest rates fall. Due in part to these factors, our future investment income may fluctuate due to changes in interest rates or we may suffer losses in principal if we are forced to sell securities that decline in market value due to changes in interest rates.
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Commodity Price Risk
We are exposed to market risks related to volatility in the prices of raw materials used in our products. The prices of these raw materials fluctuate in response to changes in supply and demand fundamentals and our product margins and level of profitability tend to fluctuate with changes in these raw materials prices. We try to protect against such volatility through various business strategies. During fiscal year 2025, we did not have any commodity derivative instruments in place to manage our exposure to price changes.
Sensitivity Analysis
The following table sets forth the potential loss in future earnings, fair value, or cash flows resulting from hypothetical changes in relevant market rates or prices as of October 3, 2025. The actual impact of the respective underlying rates and price changes on the financial instruments may differ significantly from those shown in the sensitivity analysis.
Commodity Price 10% increase in commodity prices $ 3.1 Earnings
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.
The Consolidated Financial Statements and Schedules listed in the Index to Consolidated Financial Statements, Schedules and Exhibits on page F-1 are filed as part of this Annual Report and incorporated in this Item 8 by reference.
Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure.
None.
Item 9A. Controls and Procedures.
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Our disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act are designed to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed in our periodic reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act are recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the rules and forms of the SEC and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executive and financial officers, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed, and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives and management necessarily applies its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures. Based on this evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer ("CEO") and Chief Financial Officer ("CFO") have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of October 3, 2025.
Management's Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
Management, under the supervision of our CEO and CFO, is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over our financial reporting as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act. Our internal control over financial reporting is designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. Our management evaluated the design and operating effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting based on the criteria established in the Internal Control-Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (the "COSO framework" (2013)). All internal control systems, no matter how well designed, have inherent limitations. Accordingly, even effective internal controls and procedures can provide only reasonable assurance with respect to financial statement preparation and presentation.
Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, we conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of October 3, 2025. Based on this evaluation, our management concluded that we maintained effective internal control over financial reporting as of October 3, 2025.
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The effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of October 3, 2025 has been audited by Deloitte & Touche LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their attestation report, which appears below in this Item 9A.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
There were no changes to our internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended October 3, 2025, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act).
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REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Stockholders and the Board of Directors of Varex Imaging Corporation
Opinion on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
We have audited the internal control over financial reporting of Varex Imaging Corporation and subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of October 3, 2025, based on criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). In our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of October 3, 2025, based on criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013) issued by COSO.
We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended October 3, 2025, of the Company and our report dated November 18, 2025, expressed an unqualified opinion on those financial statements.
Basis for Opinion
The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management's Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
/s/ Deloitte & Touche LLP
Salt Lake City, Utah
November 18, 2025
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Item 9B. Other Information
Revision of Prior Period Financial Statements
As disclosed in more detail in “Revision to Prior Period Financial Statements” in Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, the financial statements include the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by our executive officers under the Varex Imaging Corporation Compensation Recovery Policy filed as Exhibit 97 to this Annual Report. We have determined that no recovery of incentive-based compensation is required as the correction resulted in no changes to the performance metrics used to determine incentive-based compensation for executive officers during any of the applicable completed fiscal years.
Insider Trading Arrangements
During the three months ended October 3, 2025, none of our directors or officers informed us of the adoption, modification or termination of a “Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement” or “non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement,” as those terms are defined in Regulation S-K, Item 408.
Item 9C. Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections.
Not applicable.
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PART III
Except as otherwise disclosed below, the information required by Items 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14 is incorporated by reference from our definitive proxy statement for the 2026 Annual Meeting of Stockholders. Our definitive proxy statement for the 2026 Annual Meeting of Stockholders ("Proxy Statement") will be filed with the SEC no later than 120 days after October 3, 2025.
Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance.
Directors and Executive Officers
The information required by this Item 10 with respect to our executive officers is set forth in Item 1 "Business" of this Annual Report on Form 10-K and information relating to the availability of our code of conduct for executive officers and directors is set out below.
Code of Conduct
We have adopted a Code of Conduct that applies to all our executive officers and directors. The Code of Conduct is available on our website at http://www.vareximaging.com.
In the event of an amendment to, or waiver from, a provision of the Code of Conduct that applies to our principal executive officer, principal financial officer, principal accounting officer or persons performing similar functions, we intend to comply with the disclosure requirements of Item 5.05(c) of Form 8-k by posting such information on our website, specified above.
We will provide disclosure of delinquent Section 16(a) reports, if any, in our Proxy Statement, and such disclosure, if any, is incorporated herein by reference.
Insider Trading Policy
We have an Insider Trading Policy applicable to our directors, officers, employees and certain persons and entities that we believe is reasonably designed to promote compliance with insider trading laws, rules and regulations, and Nasdaq listing standards applicable to our Company. The foregoing summary of our Insider Trading Policy is not complete and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the full text of our Insider Trading Policy, which is filed as Exhibit 19.1 to this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Item 11. Executive Compensation
The information required by this Item 11 is incorporated by reference from our Proxy Statement under the caption “Executive Compensation.”
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Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters.
Equity Compensation Plan Information
The following table provides information as of October 3, 2025 with respect to the shares of our common stock that may be issued under our existing equity compensation plans.
Equity compensation plans approved by security holders 3,775 $ 25.61 5,279
(1) Consists of stock options, restricted stock units ("RSUs"), performance stock units ("PSUs") and deferred stock units ("DSUs") granted under the Varex Imaging Corporation 2017 Omnibus Stock Plan and the 2020 Omnibus Stock Plan, as Amended and Restated (the "2020 Stock Plan"). Excludes purchase rights under the ESPP.
(2) The weighted average exercise price does not take into account the shares issuable upon vesting of outstanding RSUs, PSUs, and DSUs, which have no exercise price.
(3) Includes 4,456 thousand shares available for future issuance under the 2020 Stock Plan, and also includes 823 thousand shares available for future issuance under the ESPP. Shares available for issuance under the ESPP, including shares subject to purchase during the current purchase period, which commenced on September 2, 2025 (the exact number of which will not be known until the purchase date on February 27, 2026). Subject to the number of shares remaining in the share reserve, the maximum number of shares purchasable by any participant on any one purchase date for any purchase period, including the current purchase period, may not exceed 2,000 shares.
The information required by this Item 12 with respect to the security ownership of certain beneficial owners and the security ownership of directors and executive officers is incorporated by reference from our Proxy Statement under the caption “Stock Ownership—Beneficial Ownership of Certain Stockholders, Directors and Executive Officers.”
Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions and Director Independence.
The information required by this Item 13 with respect to certain relationships and related transactions is incorporated by reference from our Proxy Statement under the caption “Certain Relationships and Related Transactions.” The information required by this item with respect to director and committee member independence is incorporated by reference from our Proxy Statement under the caption “Proposal - Election of Directors.”
Item 14. Principal Accountant Fees and Services.
The information required by this Item 14 is incorporated by reference from our Proxy Statement under the caption “Proposal - Ratification of the Appointment of Our Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm.”
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PART IV
Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules.
Documents filed as part of this annual report include:
Exhibit Number Description
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21.1 List of Subsidiaries as of October 3, 2025
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101.SCH XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101.LAB XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
* Incorporated herein by reference
† Management contract or compensatory agreement.
Item 16. Form 10-K Summary
None
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
VAREX IMAGING CORPORATION
Date: November 18, 2025 By: /s/ Shubham Maheshwari
Shubham Maheshwari
Chief Financial Officer
(Duly Authorized Officer and Principal Financial Officer)
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
Signature Capacity Date
Sunny S. Sanyal
Shubham Maheshwari
/s/ WALTER M ROSEBROUGH, JR. Chair of the Board November 18, 2025
Walter M Rosebrough, Jr.
/s/ KATHLEEN L. BARDWELL Director November 18, 2025
Kathleen L. Bardwell
/s/ JOCELYN D. CHERTOFF Director November 18, 2025
Jocelyn D. Chertoff
/s/ TIMOTHY E. GUERTIN Director November 18, 2025
Timothy E. Guertin
/s/ JAY K. KUNKEL Director November 18, 2025
Jay K. Kunkel
/s/ CHRISTINE A. TSINGOS Director November 18, 2025
Christine A. Tsingos
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INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (PCAOB ID No. 34) F-1